Power supply and demand management system and power supply and demand management method

Abstract

Provided is a power supply and demand management system for supporting power procurement utilizing flexibility in consideration of the uncertainty of renewable energy power generation in which a computer device of a power supply business operator manages a renewable energy certificate having a time attribute and issued by a third-party certification body, acquires a prediction value of renewable energy supply including the amount of variation in the renewable energy demand of a consumer, a prediction value of the renewable energy demand, a desired renewable energy ratio of the renewable energy demand, and the flexibility of the renewable energy demand, and calculates a renewable energy demand power amount according to the desired renewable energy ratio. Flexibility for satisfying the desired renewable energy ratio is allocated, and at the same time, the power amount for a stable portion of renewable energy and the power amount for an unstable portion of renewable energy are calculated to allocate flexibility to and stabilize the power amount for the unstable portion of renewable energy.

Description

Electricity supply and demand management system and electricity supply and demand management method

[0001] The present invention relates to an electricity supply and demand management system and an electricity supply and demand management method.

[0002] In recent years, there has been a growing movement towards 24 / 7 carbon-free energy. 24 / 7 carbon-free energy is energy that is produced 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, without CO2 emissions. ２ This means that zero-emission electricity is used. ２ Systems to certify the supply and use of zero-emission electricity are being developed by independent, non-profit, industry-led initiatives, such as Energy Tag. ２ Certificates are issued according to the amount of zero-emission electricity generated, and the certificates are redeemed as consumers use that electricity. This type of certificate is called a time-attributed renewable energy certificate.

[0003] Electricity suppliers or large-scale consumers must allocate and supply electricity linked to time-attributed renewable energy certificates according to the consumers' desired renewable energy ratio, such as fulfilling a certain percentage or more of time-attributed renewable energy certificates. However, when renewable energy supply is limited, electricity suppliers cannot meet the renewable energy ratios desired by all consumers. Therefore, electricity suppliers must request consumers to implement demand response or other measures to create a system that meets consumers' desired renewable energy ratios.

[0004] Patent Document 1 describes a method for controlling a set amount of power demand using a CO ２ Free power or no time information CO ２ When free power cannot be used to meet demand, the power supplier issues a demand response command to the power consumer. ２ The free power allocation method is described. ２ Free power is power that cannot be linked to a specific CO ２ CO2 linked to free power generation facilities and total power generation on an annual basis, rather than on an hourly basis２ This refers to free electricity.

[0005] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2021-189510

[0006] However, in order to allocate renewable energy efficiently, the amount of demand response is limited, so it is not enough to simply issue a command to activate flexibility measures in response to the actual generation of renewable energy, but it is necessary to plan the activation of flexibility measures, including demand response, in advance.In addition, since the supply of renewable energy fluctuates due to weather changes, there is also the issue that it becomes difficult to stably distribute time-attributed renewable energy certificates that utilize flexibility.

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an electricity supply and demand management system and an electricity supply and demand management method that can utilize the flexibility of consumers' renewable energy electricity demand to stably achieve the desired renewable energy ratio.

[0008] To solve the above problem, for example, the configuration described in the claims is adopted. The present application includes multiple means for solving the above problem, but as an example, the present invention is an electricity supply and demand management system in which computer devices of an electricity supply company, a power generation company, a consumer, and a third-party certification organization are interconnected via a network, and the electricity supply company enters into a contract with the power generation company and supplies time-attributed renewable energy certificates and the electricity linked to them to the consumer. The computer device of the electricity supply company acquires a renewable energy supply forecast including fluctuations in the renewable energy supply of the power generation company, a forecast of the amount of renewable energy demand for renewable energy, and flexibility of the renewable energy demand, and allocates flexibility to satisfy the forecast of the amount of renewable energy demand.

[0009] According to the present invention, consumers can utilize flexibility to procure electricity that allows them to stably achieve their desired renewable energy ratio. Problems, configurations, and effects other than those described above will become clear from the following description of the embodiment.

[0010] 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between each business operator constituting the power supply and demand management system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of a power supply and demand planning system provided by a power supply business operator according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a demand forecast value according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a desired renewable energy ratio according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of flexibility information from consumer 1 and consumer 2 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a pattern as a flexibility type according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of an increase as a flexibility type according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a decrease as a flexibility type according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of charging as a flexibility type according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of discharging as a flexibility type according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of renewable energy supply data according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of an unstable amount calculated by the plan data creation unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing the processing procedure of the flexibility-included supply plan creation unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a renewable energy supply amount according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of difference reduction due to flexibility according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a diagram showing the overall configuration of the power supply and demand planning system in a third embodiment of the present invention. It is a diagram showing the relationship between each business operator, showing a modified example of the power supply and demand management system (FIG. 1) in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a flowchart showing the processing procedure of the flexibility-attached supply plan creation unit in a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

[0011] A first embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as "this embodiment") will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[0012] <First embodiment> [Relationships between related businesses] Fig. 1 is a diagram showing assumed relationships between businesses in a power supply and demand management system of this example. As shown in Fig. 1, in the power supply and demand management system of this example, a power supply business operator 1, power generation businesses 1 and 2 (hereinafter referred to as "power generation businesses 1 and 2"), consumers 1 and 2 (hereinafter referred to as "consumers 1 and 2"), and a third-party certification authority 11 are interconnected via a communication network 9. The power generation businesses 1 and 2 are also interconnected via a power network 10. The power supply business operator 1 includes a computer device equipped with a power supply and demand planning system 4, and supplies time-attributed renewable energy certificates and the associated electricity planned through contracts with the power generation businesses 1 and 2 to the consumers 1 and 2.

[0013] Furthermore, the power supply company 1 receives certification of the amount of renewable energy supply from a third-party certification body 11 and manages the issued time-attributed renewable energy certificates. The power generation companies 1 and 2 have supply management units 7 and 8, respectively, which share generated power information such as predicted power generation amounts with the power supply company 1 via a communication network 9.

[0014] Consumers 1 and 2 have EMSs (Energy Management Systems) 5 and 6, respectively, and share demand information with the power supply company 1 and the power generation companies 1 and 2 via a communication network 9. The time-attributed renewable energy certificates planned by consumers 1 and 2 and the electricity linked thereto are supplied to consumers 1 and 2 from the power generation company 1 and / or the power generation company 2 via a power network 10.

[0015] [Configuration of the power supply and demand planning system 4] Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram showing the configuration of the power supply and demand planning system 4 installed in the computer device of the power supply company 1. As shown in Fig. 2, the power supply and demand planning system 4 is a system for realizing the central function of the power supply and demand management system of this example, and includes an input unit 100 and a planning unit 200.

[0016] The input unit 100 has a demand receiving unit 110, a flexibility receiving unit 120, and a renewable energy supply receiving unit 130. The planning unit 200 has a plan data creation unit 210, a supply plan creation unit with flexibility 220, and a plan output unit 230. Here, flexibility means a flexible supply capacity for the total demand for electricity, which enables demand response, multiple patterns of predicted power consumption based on production schedule adjustment, and power consumption and supply including charging and discharging by storage batteries.

[0017] [Demand receiving unit 110] The demand receiving unit 110 of the power supply and demand planning system 4 acquires demand information such as a demand forecast value and a desired renewable energy ratio from the consumers 1 and 2. Here, the desired renewable energy ratio is the ratio of fulfillment of a time-attributed renewable energy certificate, and the demand information also includes whether the desired renewable energy ratio is equal to or greater than a certain ratio. Furthermore, a time-attributed renewable energy certificate is a certificate certified by a third-party certification organization 11 that renewable energy (renewable energy) has a time attribute of supplying power to the power supply grid at a specific time within 24 hours of a day.

[0018] Fig. 3 shows an example of a demand forecast value acquired by the demand receiving unit 110. As shown in Fig. 3, the demand receiving unit 110 acquires a demand forecast value including a consumer ID, a forecast target date, a forecast target time, and a forecasted amount of power demand. The example shown in Fig. 3 indicates that consumer D0001 in the Kanto region will require 10 kWh of power every 30 minutes starting from 0:30 for 24 hours on January 1, 2021.

[0019] FIG. 4 shows an example of a desired renewable energy ratio from a consumer acquired by the demand receiving unit 110. As described in FIG. 2 , the demand receiving unit 110 acquires the desired renewable energy ratio set for each time of 24 hours in a day from each consumer in order to utilize a time-attribute renewable energy certificate. However, as shown in FIG. 4 , some consumers may not set a desired renewable energy ratio value for each time of day, but may instead set an average value of the desired renewable energy ratio for each time of day. Therefore, the desired renewable energy ratio is not necessarily limited to a value set for each time of day. In the example of FIG. 4 , the renewable energy ratio is 50% regardless of time, but this represents the average value per hour for 24 hours in a day. Furthermore, if the renewable energy demand power amount described below is acquired from the consumer, acquisition of the desired renewable energy ratio may be omitted.

[0020] [Flexibility Receiving Unit 120] The flexibility receiving unit 120 of the power supply and demand planning system 4 acquires flexibility-related information from the consumers 1 and 2. Fig. 5 shows information related to flexibility acquired by the flexibility receiving unit 120 from the consumers 1 and 2. In the example of Fig. 5, the flexibility-related information includes a consumer ID, a flexibility ID, and a type of flexibility (hereinafter referred to as "flexibility type").

[0021] As shown in Figure 5, the flexibility types for each consumer are defined as pattern, up, down, charge, and discharge. Corresponding to these flexibility types, a flexibility ID is assigned with symbols such as FP for pattern, FU for up, FD for down, FCH for charge, and FDCH for discharge. Here, P indicates pattern, U indicates up (up), D indicates down (down), CH indicates charge, and DCH indicates discharge.

[0022] The patterns are multiple demand forecast values ​​planned by adjusting the power consumption amount by adjusting the production plan of each consumer. For example, in the case of a consumer's factory, multiple production plans may be generated in one day. Each production plan is converted into a different energy demand, so each consumer will have multiple power demand patterns.

[0023] In contrast, "increase" and "decrease" refer to changing the power demand in response to demand response by "increasing" or "decreasing" the power at a specific time. For example, if the original demand is 10 kWh at a certain time, it means decreasing the power by 1 kWh to 9 kWh, or increasing the power by 1 kWh to 11 kWh at another time. Furthermore, "charge" and "discharge" refer to charging the supply power to a storage battery or discharging it from a storage battery in response to demand response. Here, demand response refers to an electric power supplier calling on each consumer to reduce their power usage when it is expected that power demand will be concentrated during peak hours.

[0024] 6 shows an example of a flexibility type pattern. As shown in FIG. 6, a pattern, which is one of the flexibility types, includes items of a customer ID, a flexibility ID, a flexibility type, a forecast target date, a forecast target time, and a forecasted amount of demanded energy (kWh).

[0025] In the example of Figure 6, when the flexibility ID of a consumer with consumer ID "D0001" is a pattern of FP001, the predicted power demand is adjusted to 15 kWh every 30 minutes at the forecast target time for 24 hours on January 1, 2021. Also, when the flexibility ID of the same consumer D0001 is a pattern of FP002, the predicted power demand is adjusted to 10 kWh every 30 minutes at the forecast target time for 24 hours on January 1, 2021.

[0026] FIG. 7 shows an example of a "demand increase" for a demand response as a flexibility type. The "increase" example shown in FIG. 7 includes a customer ID, a flexibility ID, a flexibility type, a forecast target date, a forecast target start time, a forecast target end time, and an increase in power amount (kWh). In the example of FIG. 7, for a customer with a customer ID of "D0001" and a flexibility ID of FU001, the increase in power amount is shown to be 1 kWh for one hour from the forecast target start time of 0:00 to the forecast target end time of 1:00 on the forecast target date of January 1, 2021. Similarly, for the same customer D0001 with a flexibility ID of FP002, the increase in power amount is also shown to be 1 kWh for one hour from the forecast target start time of 3:00 to the forecast target end time of 4:00 on the forecast target date of January 1, 2021.

[0027] Fig. 8 shows an example of a "reduction" of demand in response to a demand response as a flexibility type. Like the "increase" example shown in Fig. 7, the "reduction" example shown in Fig. 8 also includes items such as a consumer ID, a flexibility ID, a flexibility type, a forecast target date, a forecast target start time, and a forecast target end time, and includes a reduction in the amount of power (kWh) instead of an increase in the amount of power (kWh).

[0028] In the example of Figure 8, for a consumer with consumer ID "D0001" and a flexibility ID of FD001, which means "reduction," the power reduction amount will be 1 kWh for one hour from 2:00 AM to 3:00 AM on the forecast target date, January 1, 2021. Furthermore, for the same consumer D0001 and a flexibility ID of FD002, the power reduction amount for one hour from 5:00 AM to 6:00 AM on the forecast target date, January 1, 2021, will also be 1 kWh.

[0029] 9 shows an example of a flexibility type being "charging" for a storage battery, etc. As shown in Fig. 9, when the response to demand response is "charging," the plan data created by the plan data creation unit 210 (see Fig. 2) includes the flexibility ID, flexibility type, prediction target date, prediction target start time, prediction target end time, and also the renewable energy chargeable power amount (kWh).

[0030] In the example of "charging" shown in Figure 9, for a consumer with consumer ID "D0001" and flexibility ID FCH001 meaning "charging," this indicates that the renewable energy chargeable energy amount will be 1 kWh for one hour from the prediction target start time of 2:00 to the prediction target end time of 3:00 on the prediction target date, January 1, 2021. Also, for the same consumer D0001 and flexibility ID FCH002, this indicates that the renewable energy chargeable energy amount will be 2 kWh for one hour from the prediction target start time of 5:00 to the prediction target end time of 6:00 on the prediction target date, January 1, 2021.

[0031] The amount of renewable energy chargeable electricity can be determined by the amount of renewable energy chargeable electricity, as it can be determined by the amount of renewable energy chargeable electricity in the case of a storage battery dedicated to renewable energy or a storage battery that can be color-coded to distinguish between renewable and non-renewable energy sources.

[0032] Fig. 10 shows an example in which the flexibility type is "discharge" for a storage battery, etc. As shown in Fig. 10, when the response to demand response is "discharge," the plan data created by the plan data creation unit 210 (see Fig. 2) includes a consumer ID, a flexibility ID, a flexibility type, a forecast target date, a forecast target start time, a forecast target end time, and a renewable energy dischargeable amount.

[0033] In the example of "discharge" shown in Figure 10, for a consumer with consumer ID "D0001" and flexibility ID FDCH001 meaning "discharge," this indicates that the renewable energy dischargeable power amount will be 1 kWh for one hour from the forecast target start time of 6:00 to the forecast target end time of 7:00 on the forecast target date, January 1, 2021. Also, for the same consumer D0001 and flexibility ID FDCH002, this indicates that the renewable energy dischargeable power amount will be 2 kWh for one hour from the forecast target start time of 8:00 to the forecast target end time of 9:00 on the forecast target date, January 1, 2021.

[0034] [Renewable energy supply receiving unit 130] The renewable energy supply receiving unit 130 of the power supply and demand planning system 4 acquires renewable energy supply data from the power generation companies 1 and 2. Fig. 11 shows an example of the renewable energy supply data, which includes information on the power supply company's supplier ID, the forecast target date, the forecast target time, the region, the forecasted supply energy amount (kWh), the forecasted supply lower limit energy amount (kWh), and the forecasted supply upper limit energy amount (kWh). Here, if the power supply company cannot provide the forecasted supply lower limit energy amount (kWh) and the forecasted supply upper limit energy amount (kWh), the fields for the forecasted supply lower limit energy amount (kWh) and the forecasted supply upper limit energy amount (kWh) are left blank.

[0035] In the example of Figure 11, the power supply company with supplier ID "S0001" is located in the Kanto area and adjusts the predicted power supply amount to 10 kWh every 30 minutes for 24 hours on the prediction target date, January 1, 2021. The power supply company sets the predicted lower limit power supply amount every 30 minutes in the range of 7 to 9 kWh, and the predicted upper limit power supply amount every 30 minutes in the range of 12 to 15 kWh.

[0036] [Plan data creation unit 210] The plan data creation unit 210 of the power supply and demand planning system 4 calculates the amount of unstable renewable energy supply data based on the renewable energy supply data received by the renewable energy supply receiving unit 130. Fig. 12 shows an example of calculation of the amount of unstable renewable energy supply data in the renewable energy supply data by the plan data creation unit 210. Fig. 12 includes information such as the supplier ID of the power supply company, the forecast target date, the forecast target time, the region, the forecast stable supply amount of power (kWh), the forecast unstable supply amount of power (kWh), and the forecast average supply amount of power (kWh).

[0037] In the example of Figure 12, the electricity supply company with supplier ID "S0001" is located in the Kanto area, and for the 24 hours of the forecast target date of January 1, 2021, the forecast stable power supply amount is set to 7 to 9 kWh, the forecast unstable power supply amount is set to 3 to 8 kWh, and the forecast average power supply amount is set to 10 kWh every 30 minutes of the forecast target time.

[0038] The plan data creation unit 210 can separate unstable and stable amounts of power in the renewable energy supply data using the forecasted supply lower limit power amount (kWh) and forecasted supply upper limit power amount (kWh) shown in Fig. 11. That is, the plan data creation unit 210 calculates a supplyable power amount below the forecasted supply lower limit power amount (kWh) as a stably supplyable power amount. Furthermore, the plan data creation unit 210 calculates a predicted power amount between the forecasted supply lower limit power amount (kWh) and the forecasted supply upper limit power amount (kWh) as an unstably supplyable power amount.

[0039] Another method for calculating the amount of stable renewable energy supply power (kWh) and the amount of unstable renewable energy supply power (kWh) is to use weather information such as the season to which the target prediction date belongs and whether the target prediction date is sunny or cloudy. Furthermore, calculations can be performed by adding past supply forecast and actual performance history to this information. For example, the plan data creation unit 210 can acquire past supply forecast and actual performance history that matches the season to which the target prediction date belongs or weather information such as sunny or cloudy for the target prediction date, and calculate the prediction error of the past supply forecast and actual performance.

[0040] Then, the plan data creation unit 210 calculates the standard deviation σ of the multiple prediction errors, assuming that the probability distribution of the prediction errors is a normal distribution. This standard deviation σ of the prediction errors corresponds to the predicted amount of unstable supply power, and the plan data creation unit 210 can calculate the predicted amount of stable supply power by subtracting the predicted amount of supply power from this standard deviation σ. Alternatively, the plan data creation unit 210 may change the ratio between the predicted amount of supply power and the predicted amount of unstable supply power by multiplying the standard deviation σ by a certain coefficient. Note that the larger the coefficient by which the standard deviation σ is multiplied, the higher the accuracy of the predicted amount of stable supply power.

[0041] [Flexibility-enabled supply plan creation unit 220] The flexibility-enabled supply plan creation unit 220 of the power supply and demand planning system 4 creates a flexibility-enabled supply plan based on the data created by the plan data creation unit 210 and the flexibility information received by the flexibility receiving unit 120 of the input unit 100.

[0042] The flow of processing in the flexibility supply plan creation unit 220 will be described below with reference to Fig. 13. Fig. 13 is a flowchart showing the flow of processing in the flexibility supply plan creation unit 220. When the customer-side data received by the flexibility receiving unit 120 has pattern flexibility, the flexibility supply plan creation unit 220 creates combinations of demands based on that, and performs calculations for each combination in the following procedure.

[0043] First, the flexibility-enhanced supply plan creation unit 220 calculates the amount of renewable energy demand power at each time based on the desired renewable energy ratio and the demand forecast value acquired by the demand receiving unit 110 (S100). If it is possible to acquire the amount of renewable energy demand power from the consumer, the calculation may be omitted and the amount of renewable energy demand power may be used instead. Next, the flexibility-enhanced supply plan creation unit 220 allocates the renewable energy forecast value created by the plan data creation unit 210 to the amount of renewable energy forecast supply power received by the renewable energy supply receiving unit 130 based on the amount of renewable energy demand power at each time (S101).

[0044] Furthermore, the flexibility-attached supply plan creation unit 220 allocates the stable renewable energy portion created by the plan data creation unit 210 based on the renewable energy demand of each consumer at each time (S102). Here, if the stable renewable energy portion is greater than the renewable energy demand power amount of each consumer at each time, the renewable energy demand power amount is allocated as the limit.

[0045] Next, the flexibility-enabled supply plan creation unit 220 allocates the renewable energy unstable portion created by the plan data creation unit 210 based on the renewable energy power demand amount of each consumer at each time (S103). Here, if the sum of the renewable energy stable portion and the renewable energy unstable portion created by the plan data creation unit 210 is greater than the renewable energy power demand amount of each consumer at each time, the flexibility-enabled supply plan creation unit 220 allocates the smaller of the renewable energy forecast supply amounts allocated as the renewable energy power demand amount, that is, the renewable energy power demand amount of each consumer, up to the limit.

[0046] Next, the flexibility supply plan preparation unit 220 calculates the difference between the renewable energy demanded power amount and the renewable energy supplied power amount (S104). In step S104, the flexibility supply plan preparation unit 220 calculates the difference between the renewable energy demanded power amount and the supplied power amount for each consumer, and the difference between the total renewable energy forecast supply power amount and the total renewable energy forecast demand power amount for all consumers.

[0047] Figure 14 shows an example of the amount of renewable energy supply power calculated by the processing flow from steps S101 to S103 in Figure 13. The horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the amount of power required by the consumer. Figure 14 shows that the renewable energy demand for each consumer is allocated as a stable renewable energy portion and an unstable renewable energy portion. Here, the stable renewable energy portion and the unstable renewable energy portion are indicated by the number of square cells, and the renewable energy demand amount for each consumer (consumer 1 and consumer 2) is indicated by a thick solid line.

[0048] 14, both consumer 1 and consumer 2 are short of two sho of renewable energy power supply at times t2 and t3. Therefore, the flexibility supply plan creation unit 220 calculates the difference between the total renewable energy supply forecast value and the total renewable energy demand forecast value. If the renewable energy supply amount is greater than the renewable energy demand amount, the result is a "+" value, and if the renewable energy supply amount is less than the renewable energy demand amount, the result is a "-" value.

[0049] The total renewable energy demand amount of consumer 1 shown on the left side of Figure 14 is "24" when counted by the number of squares. Meanwhile, the total renewable energy supply amount is the sum of the stable renewable energy portion and the unstable renewable energy portion, so by adding the number of squares for the stable renewable energy portion, "12," and the number of squares for the unstable renewable energy portion, "10," the number of squares for the total renewable energy supply amount is "22." Therefore, by calculating the difference between the total renewable energy demand amount of "24" and the total renewable energy supply amount of "22," it is clear that the renewable energy supply amount is insufficient by "2" squares. That is, in the example of Figure 14, at times t2 and t3, the desired renewable energy ratio, which is the ratio of the renewable energy supply amount to the renewable energy demand amount of consumer 1, is not satisfied by "2."

[0050] The total renewable energy demand amount of consumer 2 shown on the right side of Figure 14 is "30" when counted by the number of squares. Meanwhile, the total renewable energy supply amount is the sum of the stable renewable energy portion and the unstable renewable energy portion. Therefore, by adding the number of squares for the stable renewable energy portion, "15," and the number of squares for the unstable renewable energy portion, "13," the number of squares for the total renewable energy supply amount is "28." Therefore, by calculating the difference between the total renewable energy demand amount of "30" and the total renewable energy supply amount of "28," it can be seen that consumer 2 also has a shortage of renewable energy supply amount by "2" squares. That is, in the example of Figure 14, it can be seen that at times t2 and t3, the desired renewable energy ratio, which is the ratio of renewable energy supply amount to renewable energy demand amount, is not satisfied by "2" for both consumer 1 and consumer 2.

[0051] Next, the flexibility-enabled supply plan creation unit 220 reduces the difference between the renewable energy demand amount and the renewable energy supply amount for each consumer using flexibility (S105). Specifically, the flexibility-enabled supply plan creation unit 220 creates a plan for each consumer to reduce demand using discharge from a storage battery or downward flexibility. In other words, if the discharge of renewable energy power stored in a storage battery is considered to be supply, the difference between the renewable energy demand amount and the renewable energy supply amount can be reduced. Furthermore, when power demand is high and supply is low, the difference between the renewable energy demand amount and the renewable energy supply amount can be reduced by using downward flexibility.

[0052] For this reason, the flexibility-added supply plan creation unit 220 allocates the amount of discharge by the storage battery or the amount of down-flexibility for each consumer, with the limit set to the smaller of the difference at each time and the total amount of down-flexibility and discharging flexibility defined by the flexibility receiving unit 120. Here, the priority order for flexibility allocation is down-flexibility, then discharging flexibility.

[0053] Fig. 15 shows an example of reducing the difference by using flexibility in the processing of step S105 performed by the flexibility-enabled supply plan creation unit 220. In the case of consumer 1 on the left side of Fig. 15, renewable energy equivalent to two squares is supplemented at times t2 and t3 by discharging from its own storage battery, thereby satisfying the desired renewable energy ratio. On the other hand, in the case of consumer 2 on the right side of Fig. 15, the total renewable energy demand is reduced by two squares using downward flexibility at times t2 and t3, thereby satisfying the desired renewable energy ratio.

[0054] Returning to FIG. 13 , the explanation will be continued. The flexibility supply plan preparation unit 220 reduces the difference between the total renewable energy demand and the total renewable energy supply, using the difference between the total renewable energy supply forecast and the total renewable energy demand forecast for all consumers calculated in step S104 (S106). Then, the flexibility supply plan preparation unit 220 plans to discharge electricity using a storage battery or reduce demand using downward flexibility. For example, at a time when the difference between the total renewable energy supply forecast and the total renewable energy demand forecast is "+", the flexibility supply plan preparation unit 220 plans charging with the difference between the total renewable energy supply forecast and the total renewable energy demand forecast as the limit.

[0055] If a consumer has multiple charging flexibilities, the flexibility-enabled supply plan creation unit 220 allocates charging evenly to each target consumer. If the difference between the total renewable energy supply forecast value and the total renewable energy demand forecast value is "-", the flexibility-enabled supply plan creation unit 220 discharges electricity up to the amount of power of the down flexibility and the discharge flexibility defined by the flexibility receiving unit 120.

[0056] Here, the priority order of flexibility allocation is down-consumption flexibility, followed by discharge flexibility. If there are multiple down-consumption flexibilities and multiple discharge flexibilities, the flexibility-added supply plan creation unit 220 allocates these flexibilities equally to the target consumers.

[0057] If the amount of reduced or discharged power is greater than the amount of reduced or discharged power calculated in step S105, the flexibility-enabled supply plan creation unit 220 reduces the amount of renewable energy power allocated to the target consumer with reduction flexibility or discharge flexibility.The reduced amount of renewable energy power is then allocated to other consumers with a shortage of renewable energy supply power.Furthermore, if there are multiple other consumers with a shortage of renewable energy supply power, the flexibility-enabled supply plan creation unit 220 allocates the reduced amount of renewable energy power equally to each consumer.

[0058] Furthermore, when the difference between the total renewable energy supply forecast value and the total renewable energy demand forecast value is "-", the flexibility supply plan creation unit 220 may maintain the difference in renewable energy demand power by discharging, as in the case of consumer 1, or may respond by reducing the renewable energy demand power, as in the case of consumer 2.

[0059] If the amount of electricity discharged is greater than the calculated amount, it will effectively reduce the amount of renewable energy power distributed to the target consumer, but in such a case, if there is a shortage of renewable energy power supply for other consumers, the reduced amount of renewable energy power can be distributed to those consumers. Note that charging and discharging cannot be done at the same time.

[0060] Next, the flexibility-enabled supply plan preparation unit 220 performs a process of stabilizing the fluctuating renewable energy power amount using flexibility (S107). If there is downward flexibility in the total renewable energy demand power amount, the flexibility-enabled supply plan preparation unit 220 allocates downward flexibility with the unstable renewable energy portion as the limit. Note that, as shown in the example of consumer 1 in Fig. 15 , if discharge from a storage battery is possible, the flexibility-enabled supply plan preparation unit 220 allocates discharge from a storage battery.

[0061] Furthermore, the flexibility-enabled supply plan creation unit 220 may preferentially allocate discharge flexibility at times when the ratio of stable renewable energy is high. Furthermore, if there is an amount of unstable renewable energy supply that is not planned for supply with respect to charging, the flexibility-enabled supply plan creation unit 220 may use that amount for charging.

[0062] [Plan output unit 230] The plan output unit 230 of the power supply and demand planning system 4 outputs a plan that is closest to the desired renewable energy ratio on the demand side from among one or more plans formulated by the flexibility supply plan creation unit 220. As the index, the plan output unit 230 may calculate the ratio between the desired renewable energy ratio at each time and the desired renewable energy ratio in the plan, and use the difference between these ratios as the index.

[0063] <Second Embodiment> In the first embodiment, the demand receiving unit 110 of the input unit 100 acquired only the desired renewable energy ratio from the consumer side. In contrast, in the second embodiment, the demand receiving unit 110 acquires from the consumer side a desired stable portion ratio of renewable energy demand. In this case, in step S102 of FIG. 13 , the flexibility-attached supply plan creation unit 220 first allocates the renewable energy stable portion to the target consumer so as to satisfy the renewable energy stable portion ratio. Then, the plan output unit 230 adds this allocated renewable energy stable portion as an index and outputs a plan that satisfies both the desired renewable energy ratio and the renewable energy stable portion ratio.

[0064] <Third Embodiment> FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the configuration of a power supply and demand planning system 4 according to a third embodiment. The third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that a charge / discharge capacity management unit 240 is provided in the planning unit 200. In the first embodiment, the flexibility receiving unit 120 separately acquired charging and discharging as the flexibility of the consumer. However, in the case of a storage battery, the consumer may provide the power supply company with a capacity capable of both charging and discharging. In this case, the power supply and demand planning system 4 must simultaneously manage both charging and discharging. Therefore, the power supply and demand planning system 4 according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 16 is provided with a charge / discharge capacity management unit 240 to manage both charging and discharging of the storage battery.

[0065] That is, in step S105 of Fig. 13, first, a charge / discharge plan is made in chronological order. In the third embodiment, the process of determining the charge amount and discharge amount is the same as that shown in the first embodiment, but in the third embodiment, the charge amount and discharge amount are calculated in chronological order to determine whether they fall within the upper capacity limit.

[0066] For example, the remaining charge at time T is calculated using the following formula: (Remaining charge at time T) = (Remaining charge at time (T-1)) + (Charging efficiency x Charge amount) - (Discharging efficiency x Discharging amount). The chargeable amount at time T is then (Capacity - Remaining charge), and the dischargeable amount at time T is the remaining charge.

[0067] In step S106 of FIG. 13 , with regard to the unstable renewable energy, it is not known at the time of planning whether discharge is actually necessary. Therefore, the charge / discharge amount planned in step S105 is the deterministic charge / discharge plan, and the charge / discharge amount calculated in step S106 is the uncertain charge / discharge amount. Here, since the deterministic charge / discharge plan must be adhered to, the charge / discharge capacity management unit 240 calculates the charge / dischargeable amount for the uncertain charge / discharge, assuming that the deterministic charge / discharge plan can be maintained. As described above, the "chargeable amount for uncertain charge / discharge" and the "dischargeable amount for uncertain charge / discharge" are charge / dischargeable amounts for which it is not known at the time of planning whether to charge or discharge. Therefore, the deterministic charge / discharge plan is designed to estimate the amount of charge / dischargeable amount at the time of planning.

[0068] If the nearest plan from the next time onwards is charging, the chargeable capacity for uncertain charging and discharging is calculated by subtracting the definite charge amount from the battery capacity. Also, the chargeable capacity is calculated by subtracting the remaining charge at the current time, the total charge amount from the next time onwards, and the total discharge amount from the next time onwards, and the smaller of these is calculated as the chargeable capacity.

[0069] In other words, the chargeable amount for uncertain charging and discharging is calculated using the following formula: (battery capacity) - (definite charge amount if the nearest plan after the next time is charging) (battery capacity) - (remaining charge amount at the current time) - (total charge amount after the next time) - (total discharge amount after the next time), and the smaller of these is regarded as the chargeable amount.

[0070] The dischargeable amount for uncertain charging and discharging is calculated using the following formula: (battery capacity) - (definite discharge amount if the nearest plan after the next time is discharge) - (current remaining charge amount) + (total charge amount after the next time) - (total discharge amount after the next time), and the smaller of these is the dischargeable amount. The stabilization process for the renewable energy variable power amount in step S107 in Figure 13 is performed with the chargeable power amount for uncertain charging and discharging and the dischargeable power amount for uncertain charging and discharging as upper limits.

[0071] <Fourth Embodiment> Although the first to third embodiments have been described above as processes planned in chronological order, it is also possible to process the first to third embodiments as optimization problems.

[0072] <Fifth Embodiment> In the first embodiment, the processing when the consumer has flexibility has been described, but it is also possible that the power supply company 1 has a storage battery. In this case, in the processing of steps S105 and S106 in Fig. 13, the storage battery owned by the power supply company 1 is given the highest priority in terms of the priority order of flexibility allocation.

[0073] <Sixth Embodiment> In the first embodiment, the power supply company 1 formulates the power supply and demand plan, but it is also possible for a consumer to manage a plurality of sites that it owns and operate a power supply and demand planning system to satisfy the desired renewable energy ratio of each site, as shown in Fig. 17. In this case, not only contracted power generation companies but also private power generators (see Fig. 17) are subject to power supply management.

[0074] <Seventh Embodiment> In the first embodiment, the stable renewable energy portion and the unstable renewable energy portion were allocated fairly to each consumer. However, depending on the contract type, it may not be necessary to allocate fairly to each consumer. For example, it is possible that a consumer with high flexibility supplies a large amount of unstable renewable energy. Figure 18 is a flowchart showing the processing flow of the flexibility supply plan creation unit 220 in the seventh embodiment. In Figure 18, steps S100 to S103 and steps S104 to S107 are the same as those in the flowchart in Figure 13, so their explanation will be omitted.

[0075] 18 differs from the flowchart in Fig. 13 in that an item "adjustment of renewable energy stable portion and renewable energy variable portion" is added as step S103a between "allocate renewable energy variable portion" in step S103 and "calculate difference between renewable energy demanded power amount and supplied power amount" in step S104. That is, in the seventh embodiment, after allocating the renewable energy stable portion and renewable energy variable portion in steps S102 and S103 of the first embodiment shown in Fig. 13, the allocated amounts of the renewable energy stable portion and renewable energy variable portion are adjusted in step S103a.

[0076] That is, in step S103a, if the stable renewable energy portion does not satisfy the renewable energy demand power amount, the amounts of the stable renewable energy portion and the unstable renewable energy portion are adjusted according to the amount of flexibility of the consumer that can cope with the unstable renewable energy portion. That is, in step S103a, the unstable renewable energy portion calculated in step S103 at each time of each consumer is compared with the amount of flexibility of each consumer. Then, if the amount of flexibility is greater than the unstable renewable energy portion, the unstable renewable energy portion is increased with the amount of flexibility as an upper limit. In this case, a portion of the amount of flexibility set by the consumer may be set as the upper limit.

[0077] As a result, depending on the consumer, an increase in the renewable energy unstable portion may cause the sum of the renewable energy stable portion and the renewable energy unstable portion to exceed the renewable energy demand. In that case, the excess renewable energy stable portion can be allocated to other consumers. Furthermore, other consumers who have been newly allocated a renewable energy stable portion can replace the newly allocated renewable energy stable portion with an equivalent amount of renewable energy unstable portion. Through the above process, it is possible to allocate more renewable energy unstable portion to consumers with high flexibility, and more renewable energy stable portion to other consumers with low flexibility.

[0078] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but includes various application examples and modifications. Furthermore, the above-described embodiment has been described to clearly explain the present invention, and the present invention is not necessarily limited to those having all of the described configurations, but can also be applied to other configurations as appropriate.

[0079] 4...Electricity supply and demand planning system, 100...Input unit, 110...Demand receiving unit, 120...Flexibility receiving unit, 130...Renewable energy supply receiving unit, 200...Planning unit, 210...Plan data creation unit, 220...Supply plan creation unit with flexibility, 230...Plan output unit, 240...Charge and discharge capacity management unit

Claims

1. An electricity supply and demand management system in which computer devices of an electricity supply business operator, a power generation business operator, a consumer, and a third-party certification agency are interconnected via a network, and the electricity supply business operator enters into a contract with the power generation business operator to supply time-attributed renewable energy certificates and the electricity linked thereto to the consumer, wherein the computer device of the electricity supply business operator obtains a forecast of renewable energy supply including fluctuations in the renewable energy supply of the power generation business operator, a forecast of the amount of renewable energy demand for renewable energy, and the flexibility of the renewable energy demand, and allocates flexibility to meet the forecast of the amount of renewable energy demand.

2. The power supply and demand management system according to claim 1, wherein the computer device of the power supply company calculates stable and unstable renewable energy portions from a forecasted value of renewable energy supply, and allocates flexibility to the unstable renewable energy portion to stabilize it.

3. The power supply and demand management system described in claim 1, wherein the computer device of the power generation company has a supply management unit that shares generated power information such as predicted power generation amount with the power supply company via the network, and the computer device of the consumer has an energy management system that shares demand information with the power supply company and the power generation company via the network using the energy management system.

4. The power supply and demand management system according to claim 2, wherein the computer device of the power supply company comprises: a demand receiving unit that acquires from the consumer demand information including a demand forecast value and a desired renewable energy ratio of the renewable energy demand at which the fulfillment of a time-attributed renewable energy certificate is equal to or greater than a certain ratio; a renewable energy supply receiving unit that receives renewable energy supply data from the power generation company; and a planning data creation unit that calculates the amount of renewable energy supply data by separating the amount of stable renewable energy power in the renewable energy supply data from the amount of unstable renewable energy power based on the renewable energy supply data received by the renewable energy supply receiving unit.

5. The power supply and demand management system described in claim 4, wherein the planning data creation unit calculates the amount of available power that falls below the predicted lower limit power supply as the amount of stable renewable energy power, which is the amount of power that can be stably supplied, and calculates the predicted amount of power between the predicted lower limit power supply and the predicted upper limit power supply as the amount of unstable renewable energy power that can be stably supplied.

6. The power supply and demand management system according to claim 4, further comprising: a flexibility receiving unit configured to acquire flexibility-related information including at least one of pattern, up, down, charging, or discharging as the flexibility type for the consumer; and a flexibility-included supply plan creation unit configured to calculate the amount of renewable energy demand at each time based on the demand forecast value and desired renewable energy ratio acquired by the demand receiving unit when the flexibility-related information acquired by the flexibility receiving unit includes pattern flexibility on the consumer side.

7. The power supply and demand management system according to claim 6, wherein the flexibility-with-supply-plan creation unit allocates the amount of stable renewable energy power up to the renewable energy demand amount as a limit when the amount of stable renewable energy power is greater than the consumer's renewable energy demand amount at each time based on the renewable energy demand amount at each time.

8. The power supply and demand management system according to claim 6, wherein the flexibility-included supply plan creation unit calculates the difference between the amount of renewable energy demand and the amount of renewable energy supply at the consumer, and creates a plan for each consumer to discharge electricity from a storage battery or to reduce demand using downward flexibility, thereby reducing the difference between the amount of renewable energy demand and the amount of renewable energy supply.

9. The power supply and demand management system according to claim 8, wherein the flexibility-included supply plan creation unit reduces the difference between the renewable energy demand and the renewable energy supply at the consumer by using downward flexibility when the demand for electricity is high and the supply is low.

10. The power supply and demand management system described in claim 8, wherein the flexibility-enabled supply plan creation unit reduces the difference between the amount of renewable energy demand and the amount of renewable energy supply at the consumer by using discharge flexibility when the demand for electricity is high and the supply is low.

11. The power supply and demand management system of claim 9, wherein the flexibility-included supply plan creation unit allocates the amount of discharge or down-conversion flexibility by the storage battery up to the smaller of the total amounts of down-conversion flexibility and down-conversion flexibility of the consumer acquired by the flexibility receiving unit.

12. The power supply and demand management system according to claim 10, wherein the flexibility-included supply plan creation unit reduces the amount of renewable energy supply power allocated to a target consumer having down-conversion flexibility or discharge flexibility, allocates the reduced amount of renewable energy supply power to other consumers who are short of the amount of renewable energy supply power, and, if there are multiple other consumers who are short of the amount of renewable energy supply power, allocates the reduced amount of renewable energy supply power equally to each consumer.

13. The power supply and demand management system described in claim 1, wherein the computer device of the power supply company receives certification of the amount of renewable energy supply through the third-party certification body and manages time-attributed renewable energy certificates issued by the third-party certification body.

14. The power supply and demand management system of claim 1, wherein the computer device of the power supply company acquires from the consumer demand information including a demand forecast value and a desired renewable energy ratio of renewable energy demand where the fulfillment of time-attributed renewable energy certificates is at or above a certain ratio, and calculates the amount of renewable energy demand from the demand forecast value and the desired renewable energy ratio.

15. The power supply and demand management system according to claim 2, wherein the computer device of the power supply company allocates unstable renewable energy power based on the amount of flexibility possessed by each consumer.

16. A method for managing electricity supply and demand, in which computer devices of an electricity supply business operator, a power generation business operator, a consumer, and a third-party certification agency are interconnected via a network, and the electricity supply business operator enters into a contract with the power generation business operator to supply a time-attributed renewable energy certificate and electricity linked thereto to the consumer, wherein the computer device of the electricity supply business operator receives certification of the amount of renewable energy supply through the third-party certification agency and manages the time-attributed renewable energy certificate issued by the third-party certification agency, obtains a forecast value of renewable energy supply including fluctuations in the consumer's renewable energy demand, a forecast value of the renewable energy demand, a desired renewable energy ratio of the renewable energy demand, and flexibility of the renewable energy demand, calculates the amount of renewable energy demand based on the desired renewable energy ratio, and allocates flexibility to satisfy the desired renewable energy ratio.

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