Techniques for selection of assisting node for downlink communications
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/104606
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-06-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-02
Smart Images

Figure CN2023104606_02012025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNIQUES FOR SELECTION OF ASSISTING NODE FOR DOWNLINK COMMUNICATIONSBACKGROUND
[0001] Field of the Disclosure
[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to techniques for providing assistance for communications with an ambient-internet-of-things (IoT) device.
[0003] Description of Related Art
[0004] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, or other similar types of services. These wireless communications systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communications with multiple users by sharing available wireless communications system resources with those users
[0005] Although wireless communications systems have made great technological advancements over many years, challenges still exist. For example, complex and dynamic environments can still attenuate or block signals between wireless transmitters and wireless receivers. Accordingly, there is a continuous desire to improve the technical performance of wireless communications systems, including, for example: improving speed and data carrying capacity of communications, improving efficiency of the use of shared communications mediums, reducing power used by transmitters and receivers while performing communications, improving reliability of wireless communications, avoiding redundant transmissions and / or receptions and related processing, improving the coverage area of wireless communications, increasing the number and types of devices that can access wireless communications systems, increasing the ability for different types of devices to intercommunicate, increasing the number and type of wireless communications mediums available for use, and the like. Consequently, there exists a need for further improvements in wireless communications systems to overcome the aforementioned technical challenges and others.SUMMARY
[0006] Certain aspects are directed towards a method for wireless communication by a base station. The method generally includes: transmitting, to each of one or more candidate assisting nodes, at least one message allocating one or more resources for performing one or more measurements for a downlink communication with at least one ambient internet of things (IoT) device; receiving one or more reports including results of the one or more measurements; selecting one of the one or more candidate assisting nodes to assist with the downlink communication between the base station and the at least one ambient IoT device based on the one or more reports; and transmitting data destined for the at least one ambient IoT device via the selected one of the candidate assisting nodes.
[0007] Certain aspects are directed towards a method for wireless communication by an assisting node. The method generally includes: receiving, from a base station, at least one message allocating one or more resources for performing one or more measurements for a downlink communication with at least one ambient internet of things (IoT) device; transmitting at least one signal for performing the one or more measurements for the downlink communication with the at least one ambient IoT device; receiving an indication that the assisting node has been selected to assist with the downlink communication between the base station and the at least one ambient IoT device based on results of the one or more measurements; and relaying data from the base station to the at least one ambient IoT device in response to the received indication.
[0008] Certain aspects are directed towards a method for wireless communication by an ambient internet of things (IoT) device. The method generally includes: receiving, from each of one or more candidate assisting nodes, at least one signal during a measurement window; performing one or more measurements based on the at least one signal from each of the one or more candidate assisting nodes; transmitting one or more reports including results of the one or more measurements; and receiving data from a base station with assistance from one of the one or more candidate assisting nodes after transmitting the one or more reports.
[0009] Other aspects provide: an apparatus operable, configured, or otherwise adapted to perform any one or more of the aforementioned methods and / or those described elsewhere herein; a non-transitory, computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the aforementioned methods as well as those described elsewhere herein; a computer program product embodied on a computer-readable storage medium comprising code for performing the aforementioned methods as well as those described elsewhere herein; and / or an apparatus comprising means for performing the aforementioned methods as well as those described elsewhere herein. By way of example, an apparatus may comprise a processing system, a device with a processing system, or processing systems cooperating over one or more networks.
[0010] The following description and the appended figures set forth certain features for purposes of illustration.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0011] The appended figures depict certain features of the various aspects described herein and are not to be considered limiting of the scope of this disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 1 depicts an example wireless communications network.
[0013] FIG. 2 depicts an example disaggregated base station architecture.
[0014] FIG. 3 depicts aspects of an example base station and an example user equipment.
[0015] FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D depict various example aspects of data structures for a wireless communications network.
[0016] FIG. 5A illustrates a radio frequency identification (RFID) system.
[0017] FIG. 5B illustrates an example topographies for circuitry of an RFID reader and for the energy harvesting circuitry.
[0018] FIG. 6 illustrates a base station communicating with ambient internet-of-things (IoT) devices .
[0019] FIGs. 7A, 7B, and 7C illustrate different communication topologies with assistance from an assisting node, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 8 illustrates example operations for selecting an assisting node to facilitate downlink (DL) communication, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating example operations for wireless communication by a base station, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating example operations for wireless communication by an assisting node, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating example operations for wireless communication by an ambient IoT node, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 12 illustrates example operations for selecting an assisting node to facilitate UL communication, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 13A illustrates transmission of reference signals using frequency division multiplexing, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 13B illustrates transmission of reference signals using time division multiplexing, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 14 is a flow diagram illustrating example operations for wireless communication by a base station, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 15 is a flow diagram illustrating example operations for wireless communication by an assisting node, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 16 is a flow diagram illustrating example operations for wireless communication by an ambient IoT device, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 17 depicts aspects of an example communications device.
[0031] FIG. 18 depicts aspects of an example communications device.
[0032] FIG. 19 depicts aspects of an example communications device.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0033] Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatuses, methods, processing systems, and computer-readable mediums for assisting downlink (DL) or uplink (UL) communications between a base station (BS) and an ambient internet-of-things (IoT) node. As used herein, an ambient IoT node (or ambient IoT device) generally refers to an IoT node that harvests energy from ambient radio waves to provide power to the IoT node, as described in more detail herein. In some aspects, a BS may allocate resources for one or more measurements to be performed by one or more candidate assisting nodes. Based on the measurements, the BS may select an assisting node to assist (e.g., relay data) UL or DL communications between the BS and the ambient IoT node. Certain aspects of the present disclosure facilitate a selection of an assisting node that allows for efficient communications to ambient IoT nodes, as described in more detail herein.
[0034] Introduction to Wireless Communications Networks
[0035] The techniques and methods described herein may be used for various wireless communications networks. While aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with 3G, 4G, and / or 5G wireless technologies, aspects of the present disclosure may likewise be applicable to other communications systems and standards not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0036] FIG. 1 depicts an example of a wireless communications network 100, in which aspects described herein may be implemented.
[0037] Generally, wireless communications network 100 includes various network entities (alternatively, network elements or network nodes) . A network entity is generally a communications device and / or a communications function performed by a communications device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) , a base station (BS) , a component of a BS, a server, etc. ) . For example, various functions of a network as well as various devices associated with and interacting with a network may be considered network entities. Further, wireless communications network 100 includes terrestrial aspects, such as ground-based network entities (e.g., BSs 102) , and non-terrestrial aspects, such as satellite 140 and aircraft 145, which may include network entities on-board (e.g., one or more BSs) capable of communicating with other network elements (e.g., terrestrial BSs) and user equipments.
[0038] In the depicted example, wireless communications network 100 includes BSs 102, UEs 104, and one or more core networks, such as an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160 and 5G Core (5GC) network 190, which interoperate to provide communications services over various communications links, including wired and wireless links.
[0039] FIG. 1 depicts various example UEs 104, which may more generally include: a cellular phone, smart phone, session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, laptop, personal digital assistant (PDA) , satellite radio, global positioning system, multimedia device, video device, digital audio player, camera, game console, tablet, smart device, wearable device, vehicle, electric meter, gas pump, large or small kitchen appliance, healthcare device, implant, sensor / actuator, display, internet of things (IoT) devices, always on (AON) devices, edge processing devices, or other similar devices. UEs 104 may also be referred to more generally as a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a remote device, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, and others.
[0040] BSs 102 wirelessly communicate with (e.g., transmit signals to or receive signals from) UEs 104 via communications links 120. The communications links 120 between BSs 102 and UEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a BS 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a BS 102 to a UE 104. The communications links 120 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity in various aspects.
[0041] BSs 102 may generally include: a NodeB, enhanced NodeB (eNB) , next generation enhanced NodeB (ng-eNB) , next generation NodeB (gNB or gNodeB) , access point, base transceiver station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, transmission reception point, and / or others. Each of BSs 102 may provide communications coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110, which may sometimes be referred to as a cell, and which may overlap in some cases (e.g., small cell 102’ may have a coverage area 110’ that overlaps the coverage area 110 of a macro cell) . A BS may, for example, provide communications coverage for a macro cell (covering relatively large geographic area) , a pico cell (covering relatively smaller geographic area, such as a sports stadium) , a femto cell (relatively smaller geographic area (e.g., a home) ) , and / or other types of cells.
[0042] While BSs 102 are depicted in various aspects as unitary communications devices, BSs 102 may be implemented in various configurations. For example, one or more components of a base station may be disaggregated, including a central unit (CU) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , one or more radio units (RUs) , a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC, to name a few examples. In another example, various aspects of a base station may be virtualized. More generally, a base station (e.g., BS 102) may include components that are located at a single physical location or components located at various physical locations. In examples in which a base station includes components that are located at various physical locations, the various components may each perform functions such that, collectively, the various components achieve functionality that is similar to a base station that is located at a single physical location. In some aspects, a base station including components that are located at various physical locations may be referred to as a disaggregated radio access network architecture, such as an Open RAN (O-RAN) or Virtualized RAN (VRAN) architecture. FIG. 2 depicts and describes an example disaggregated base station architecture.
[0043] Different BSs 102 within wireless communications network 100 may also be configured to support different radio access technologies, such as 3G, 4G, and / or 5G. For example, BSs 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) ) may interface with the EPC 160 through first backhaul links 132 (e.g., an S1 interface) . BSs 102 configured for 5G (e.g., 5G NR or Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) ) may interface with 5GC 190 through second backhaul links 184. BSs 102 may communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160 or 5GC 190) with each other over third backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2 interface) , which may be wired or wireless.
[0044] Wireless communications network 100 may subdivide the electromagnetic spectrum into various classes, bands, channels, or other features. In some aspects, the subdivision is provided based on wavelength and frequency, where frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, a subcarrier, a frequency channel, a tone, or a subband. For example, 3GPP currently defines Frequency Range 1 (FR1) as including 410 MHz –7125 MHz, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as “Sub-6 GHz” . Similarly, 3GPP currently defines Frequency Range 2 (FR2) as including 24, 250 MHz –52, 600 MHz, which is sometimes referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” ( “mmW” or “mmWave” ) . A base station configured to communicate using mmWave / near mmWave radio frequency bands (e.g., a mmWave base station such as BS 180) may utilize beamforming (e.g., 182) with a UE (e.g., 104) to improve path loss and range.
[0045] The communications links 120 between BSs 102 and, for example, UEs 104, may be through one or more carriers, which may have different bandwidths (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, and / or other MHz) , and which may be aggregated in various aspects. Carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL) .
[0046] Communications using higher frequency bands may have higher path loss and a shorter range compared to lower frequency communications. Accordingly, certain base stations (e.g., 180 in FIG. 1) may utilize beamforming 182 with a UE 104 to improve path loss and range. For example, BS 180 and the UE 104 may each include a plurality of antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays to facilitate the beamforming. In some cases, BS 180 may transmit a beamformed signal to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 182’ . UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the BS 180 in one or more receive directions 182”. UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal to the BS 180 in one or more transmit directions 182”. BS 180 may also receive the beamformed signal from UE 104 in one or more receive directions 182’ . BS 180 and UE 104 may then perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of BS 180 and UE 104. Notably, the transmit and receive directions for BS 180 may or may not be the same. Similarly, the transmit and receive directions for UE 104 may or may not be the same.
[0047] Wireless communications network 100 further includes a Wi-Fi AP 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 via communications links 154 in, for example, a 2.4 GHz and / or 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum.
[0048] Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communications link 158. D2D communications link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH) , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
[0049] EPC 160 may include various functional components, including: a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and / or a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172, such as in the depicted example. MME 162 may be in communication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. MME 162 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the EPC 160. Generally, MME 162 provides bearer and connection management.
[0050] Generally, user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to PDN Gateway 172. PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to IP Services 176, which may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , a Packet Switched (PS) streaming service, and / or other IP services.
[0051] BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a public land mobile network (PLMN) , and / or may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to the BSs 102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a particular service, and / or may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charging information.
[0052] 5GC 190 may include various functional components, including: an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a Session Management Function (SMF) 194, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 195. AMF 192 may be in communication with Unified Data Management (UDM) 196.
[0053] AMF 192 is a control node that processes signaling between UEs 104 and 5GC 190. AMF 192 provides, for example, quality of service (QoS) flow and session management.
[0054] Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through UPF 195, which is connected to the IP Services 197, and which provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions for 5GC 190. IP Services 197 may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IMS, a PS streaming service, and / or other IP services.
[0055] In various aspects, a network entity or network node can be implemented as an aggregated base station, as a disaggregated base station, a component of a base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, to name a few examples.
[0056] FIG. 2 depicts an example disaggregated base station 200 architecture. The disaggregated base station 200 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 210 that can communicate directly with a core network 220 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 220 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 225 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 215 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 205, or both) . A CU 210 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 230 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 230 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 240 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 240 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 240.
[0057] Each of the units, e.g., the CUs 210, the DUs 230, the RUs 240, as well as the Near-RT RICs 225, the Non-RT RICs 215 and the SMO Framework 205, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communications interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally or alternatively, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0058] In some aspects, the CU 210 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 210. The CU 210 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) ) , control plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) ) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 210 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 210 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 230, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0059] The DU 230 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 240. In some aspects, the DU 230 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . In some aspects, the DU 230 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 230, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 210.
[0060] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 240. In some deployments, an RU 240, controlled by a DU 230, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU (s) 240 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communications with the RU (s) 240 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 230. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU (s) 230 and the CU 210 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0061] The SMO Framework 205 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 205 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 205 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 290) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 210, DUs 230, RUs 240 and Near-RT RICs 225. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 205 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 211, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 205 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 240 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 205 also may include a Non-RT RIC 215 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 205.
[0062] The Non-RT RIC 215 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 225. The Non-RT RIC 215 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 225. The Near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 210, one or more DUs 230, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 225.
[0063] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 225, the Non-RT RIC 215 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 225 and may be received at the SMO Framework 205 or the Non-RT RIC 215 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 215 or the Near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 215 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 205 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies) .
[0064] FIG. 3 depicts aspects of an example BS 102 and a UE 104.
[0065] Generally, BS 102 includes various processors (e.g., 320, 330, 338, and 340) , antennas 334a-t (collectively 334) , transceivers 332a-t (collectively 332) , which include modulators and demodulators, and other aspects, which enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., data source 312) and wireless reception of data (e.g., data sink 339) . For example, BS 102 may send and receive data between BS 102 and UE 104. BS 102 includes controller / processor 340, which may be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications.
[0066] Generally, UE 104 includes various processors (e.g., 358, 364, 366, and 380) , antennas 352a-r (collectively 352) , transceivers 354a-r (collectively 354) , which include modulators and demodulators, and other aspects, which enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., retrieved from data source 362) and wireless reception of data (e.g., provided to data sink 360) . UE 104 includes controller / processor 380, which may be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications.
[0067] In regards to an example downlink transmission, BS 102 includes a transmit processor 320 that may receive data from a data source 312 and control information from a controller / processor 340. The control information may be for the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH) , physical HARQ indicator channel (PHICH) , physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , group common PDCCH (GC PDCCH) , and / or others. The data may be for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , in some examples.
[0068] Transmit processor 320 may process (e.g., encode and symbol map) the data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. Transmit processor 320 may also generate reference symbols, such as for the primary synchronization signal (PSS) , secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , PBCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , and channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) .
[0069] Transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 330 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide output symbol streams to the modulators (MODs) in transceivers 332a-332t. Each modulator in transceivers 332a-332t may process a respective output symbol stream to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. Downlink signals from the modulators in transceivers 332a-332t may be transmitted via the antennas 334a-334t, respectively.
[0070] In order to receive the downlink transmission, UE 104 includes antennas 352a-352r that may receive the downlink signals from the BS 102 and may provide received signals to the demodulators (DEMODs) in transceivers 354a-354r, respectively. Each demodulator in transceivers 354a-354r may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator may further process the input samples to obtain received symbols.
[0071] MIMO detector 356 may obtain received symbols from all the demodulators in transceivers 354a-354r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. Receive processor 358 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 104 to a data sink 360, and provide decoded control information to a controller / processor 380.
[0072] In regards to an example uplink transmission, UE 104 further includes a transmit processor 364 that may receive and process data (e.g., for the PUSCH) from a data source 362 and control information (e.g., for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) ) from the controller / processor 380. Transmit processor 364 may also generate reference symbols for a reference signal (e.g., for the sounding reference signal (SRS) ) . The symbols from the transmit processor 364 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 366 if applicable, further processed by the modulators in transceivers 354a-354r (e.g., for SC-FDM) , and transmitted to BS 102.
[0073] At BS 102, the uplink signals from UE 104 may be received by antennas 334a-t, processed by the demodulators in transceivers 332a-332t, detected by a MIMO detector 336 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 338 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 104. Receive processor 338 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 339 and the decoded control information to the controller / processor 340.
[0074] Memories 342 and 382 may store data and program codes for BS 102 and UE 104, respectively. Scheduler 344 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.
[0075] In various aspects, BS 102 may be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, “transmitting” may refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as outputting data from data source 312, scheduler 344, memory 342, transmit processor 320, controller / processor 340, TX MIMO processor 330, transceivers 332a-t, antenna 334a-t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, “receiving” may refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as obtaining data from antennas 334a-t, transceivers 332a-t, RX MIMO detector 336, controller / processor 340, receive processor 338, scheduler 344, memory 342, and / or other aspects described herein.
[0076] In various aspects, UE 104 may likewise be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, “transmitting” may refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as outputting data from data source 362, memory 382, transmit processor 364, controller / processor 380, TX MIMO processor 366, transceivers 354a-t, antenna 352a-t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, “receiving” may refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as obtaining data from antennas 352a-t, transceivers 354a-t, RX MIMO detector 356, controller / processor 380, receive processor 358, memory 382, and / or other aspects described herein.
[0077] In some aspects, a processor may be configured to perform various operations, such as those associated with the methods described herein, and transmit (output) to or receive (obtain) data from another interface that is configured to transmit or receive, respectively, the data.
[0078] FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D depict aspects of data structures for a wireless communications network, such as wireless communications network 100 of FIG. 1.
[0079] In particular, FIG. 4A is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G (e.g., 5G NR) frame structure, FIG. 4B is a diagram 430 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G subframe, FIG. 4C is a diagram 450 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G frame structure, and FIG. 4D is a diagram 480 illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G subframe.
[0080] Wireless communications systems may utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) on the uplink and downlink. Such systems may also support half-duplex operation using time division duplexing (TDD) . OFDM and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) partition the system bandwidth (e.g., as depicted in FIGS. 4B and 4D) into multiple orthogonal subcarriers. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data. Modulation symbols may be sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and / or in the time domain with SC-FDM.
[0081] A wireless communications frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD) , in which, for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL. Wireless communications frame structures may also be time division duplex (TDD) , in which, for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL.
[0082] In FIG. 4A and 4C, the wireless communications frame structure is TDD where D is DL, U is UL, and X is flexible for use between DL / UL. UEs may be configured with a slot format through a received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically through DL control information (DCI) , or semi-statically / statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling) . In the depicted examples, a 10 ms frame is divided into 10 equally sized 1 ms subframes. Each subframe may include one or more time slots. In some examples, each slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the slot format. Subframes may also include mini-slots, which generally have fewer symbols than an entire slot. Other wireless communications technologies may have a different frame structure and / or different channels.
[0083] In certain aspects, the number of slots within a subframe is based on a slot configuration and a numerology. For example, for slot configuration 0, different numerologies (μ) 0 to 5 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 slots, respectively, per subframe. For slot configuration 1, different numerologies 0 to 2 allow for 2, 4, and 8 slots, respectively, per subframe. Accordingly, for slot configuration 0 and numerology μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2μ slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are a function of the numerology. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2μ×15 kHz, where μ is the numerology 0 to 5. As such, the numerology μ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz and the numerology μ=5 has a subcarrier spacing of 480 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D provide an example of slot configuration 0 with 14 symbols per slot and numerology μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs.
[0084] As depicted in FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D, a resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs) ) that extends, for example, 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) . The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.
[0085] As illustrated in FIG. 4A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for a UE (e.g., UE 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3) . The RS may include demodulation RS (DMRS) and / or channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS) , beam refinement RS (BRRS) , and / or phase tracking RS (PT-RS) .
[0086] FIG. 4B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) , each CCE including, for example, nine RE groups (REGs) , each REG including, for example, four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol.
[0087] A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE (e.g., 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3) to determine subframe / symbol timing and a physical layer identity.
[0088] A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing.
[0089] Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) . Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the aforementioned DMRS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , which carries a master information block (MIB) , may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block. The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN) . The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs) , and / or paging messages.
[0090] As illustrated in FIG. 4C, some of the REs carry DMRS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DMRS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit DMRS for the PUCCH and DMRS for the PUSCH. The PUSCH DMRS may be transmitted, for example, in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DMRS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. UE 104 may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS) . The SRS may be transmitted, for example, in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.
[0091] FIG. 4D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI) , such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and HARQ ACK / NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR) , a power headroom report (PHR) , and / or UCI.
[0092] Introduction to Wireless Power Transfer
[0093] Wireless technology is increasingly useful in industrial applications, such as ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) and machine-type communication (MTC) . In such domains, and others, it is desirable to support devices that are capable of harvesting energy from alternative energy sources (e.g., in lieu of or in combination with a battery or other energy storage device, such as a capacitor) . For example, in some cases, these devices may not include a local power storage component and may instead harvest energy from things such as RF signals, thermal energy, solar energy, etc. In some cases, these devices may be known wireless-powered internet of things (WP-IoT) devices or ambient IoT devices. Ambient-IoT devices may employ radio frequency identification (RFID) -type technology and, as such, may not include a local power source. Instead, ambient IoT devices may harvest energy from radio signals emitted from a reader device, such as a network entity or a user equipment (UE) , for performing data collection, transmission and distributed computing.
[0094] FIG. 5A shows a wireless communication system 500 in which wireless power transfer is performed. As shown, the wireless communication system 500 includes a reader device 510 and an ambient IoT device 550. The reader device 510 may also be referred to as an interrogator or a scanner. In some cases, the reader device 510 may be an example of BS 102, a disaggregated BS as described with respect to FIG. 2, UE 104, or any other device described herein capable of transmitting wireless energy signals. In some cases, ambient IoT device 550 is an example of UE 104, a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, or any other device described herein capable of receiving and harvesting energy from wireless energy signals.
[0095] The reader device 510 includes an antenna 520 and an electronics unit 530. The antenna 520 radiates signals for transmission by the reader device 510 and receives signals from RFID tags and / or other devices. The electronics unit 530 may include a transmitter and a receiver for wirelessly communicating with tag devices, such as the ambient IoT device 550. The same pair of transmitter and receiver (or another pair of transmitter and receiver) may support bi-directional communication with wireless networks, wireless devices, etc. The electronics unit 530 may include processing circuitry (e.g., a processor) to perform processing for data being transmitted and received by the reader device 510.
[0096] As shown, the ambient IoT device 550 includes an antenna 560 and a data storage element 570. The antenna 560 radiates signals for transmission by the ambient IoT device 550 and receives signals from the reader device 510 and / or other devices. The data storage element 570 stores information for the ambient IoT device 550, for example, in an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) or another type of memory. The WP-IoT device 550 may also include an electronics unit that can process the received signal and generate the signals to be transmitted.
[0097] In some cases, the ambient IoT device 550 may be a passive ambient IoT device having no battery. In this case, the ambient IoT device 550 may communicate with the reader device 510 based on backscatter communication, which involves receiving energy signals from the reader device 510, modulating data on to these energy signals, and reflecting or transmitting these modulated signals (e.g., also known as backscatter signals) back to the reader device 510, as described below. In other cases, the ambient IoT device 550 may be an active ambient IoT device, including a battery. In this case, energy may be harvested from signals transmitted by the reader device 510 and stored in the battery, allowing the ambient IoT device 550 to accumulate more power to perform more advanced communication, such as transmission of uplink signals according to certain wireless communications standards (e.g., third generation partnership project (3GPP) standards, etc. ) . In either case, a magnetic field from a signal transmitted by reader device 510 may induce an electrical current in ambient -IoT device 550, which may then operate based on the induced current. The ambient -IoT device 550 can radiate its signal in response to receiving a signal from the reader device 510 or some other device.
[0098] In some cases, communication, based on wireless power transfer, between the reader device 510 and ambient IoT device 550 may occur as follows. For example, the reader device 510 may transmit / radiate a first signal 525 via the antenna 520. In some cases, the first signal 525 may be an RF signal and known as an interrogation signal or energy signal. In some cases, energy of the first signal 525 may be coupled from the antenna 520 of the reader device 510 to the antenna 560 of the ambient IoT device 550 via magnetic coupling and / or other phenomena. In other words, the ambient IoT device 550 may receive the first signal 525 from reader device 510 via antenna 560 and energy of the first signal 525 may be harvested using energy harvesting circuitry 555 and used to power the WP-IoT device 550.
[0099] For example, energy of the first signal 525 received by the ambient IoT device 550 may be used to power a microprocessor 545 of the ambient IoT device 550. The microprocessor 545 may, in turn, retrieve information stored in a data storage element 570 of the ambient IoT device 550 and transmit the retrieved information via a second signal 535 using the antenna 560. For example, in some cases, the microprocessor 545 may generate the second signal 535 by modulating a baseband signal (e.g., generated using energy of the first signal 525) with the information retrieved from the data storage element 570. In some cases, this second signal 535 may be known as a backscatter modulated information signal. Thereafter, as noted, microprocessor 545 transmits the second signal 535 to the reader device 510. The reader device 510 may receive the second signal 535 from the ambient IoT device 550 via antenna 520 and may process (e.g., demodulate) the received signal to obtain the information of the data storage element 570 sent in the second signal 535.
[0100] FIG. 5B illustrates an example equivalent circuit 553 of the antenna 560 of the ambient IoT device 550 and an example topography of the energy harvesting circuitry 555 of the ambient IoT device 550. In some cases, as illustrated in the equivalent circuit 553 of the antenna 560, a lossless antenna may be modeled as an alternating current (AC) voltage source (vs (t) ) followed by a series antenna resistance (Rant) of the antenna 560. In some cases, the voltage source (vs (t) ) may be based on an energy signal y (t) ) received from the reader device 510. The equivalent circuit 553 of the antenna 560 also includes an input resistance (Rin) representing a resistance associated with the energy harvesting circuitry 555. In some cases, with perfect impedance matching, Rin may equal Rant.
[0101] As shown, the energy harvesting circuitry 555 comprises a half-wave rectifier circuit configured to convert an AC input power (vin) (e.g., received via the antenna 560) into a direct current (DC) output power (vout) . Further, as shown, the energy harvesting circuitry 555 comprises a diode 502, a capacitor (C) 504, and a load resistance (RL) 506. The load resistance 506 may represent a total resistance of one or more components of the WP-IoT device 550 that are powered by energy harvested by the energy harvesting circuitry 555. The diode 502 is configured to pass only one half of each complete sine wave of the AC voltage in order to convert it into the DC voltage. Further, as illustrated in the energy harvesting circuitry 555 in FIG. 5B, id is a current of the diode 502 and vd is a voltage across the diode 502. In some cases, under perfect matching, vin (t) may be half of vs (t) and both can be related to the received signal energy signal (y (t) ) at the energy harvesting circuitry 555 as and
[0102] The diode current id may be expressed as where is is a reverse saturation current associated with the diode 502, vt is a thermal voltage associated with the diode 502, and n is a ideality factor associated with the diode 502. When averaged over time, the diode current id may be expressed as E {id (t) } =iout, where E is an expectation operation (e.g., an average) . Further, as shown in Equation 1, below, Taylor’s series expansion may be used to expand in the diode current id expression, above, and shows the relationship between an output current iout and the input waveform or energy signal y (t) .
[0103] Accordingly, Equation 1 may be used to determine iout for a particular input waveform or energy signal y (t) . Further, from the output current iout, an efficiency of the energy harvesting circuitry 555 may be determined. For example, the efficiency of the energy harvesting circuitry 555 (e.g., the efficiency of converting an RF energy signal to direct current (DC) power) depends on the output current iout and, thus, depends on the load resistance (RL) . As such, an efficiency of the energy harvesting circuitry 555 may be expressed as where is the DC power associated with load resistance (RL) and P (y (t) is the input power associated energy signal y (t) .
[0104] Example Communications Devices
[0105] Radio-frequency ID (RFID) is a rapidly growing technology impacting many industries due to the economic potential for inventory / asset management inside and outside warehouses, internet-of-things (IoT) , sustainable sensor networks in factories and / or agriculture, and smart homes. RFID includes small transponders, or tags, emitting an information-bearing signal upon receiving a signal. RFID can be operated without battery at a low operating expense, a low maintenance cost, and a long-life circle. A passive RFID can harvest energy over the air and power the transmission / reception circuitry where the transmitted signal is backscatter modulated. Semi-passive or active RFID with battery also exists at higher costs.
[0106] As fifth-generation (5G) is expanding to more industrial verticals besides enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) such as ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) , and machine type communication (MTC) , 5G and beyond may be expanded to support ambient internet of things (IoT) . The 3rd generation partnership program (3GPP) has developed specifications to support MTC / NB-IoT, and reduced capability (RedCap) for MTC use cases. However, 5G cannot efficiently support the most pervasive RFID-type of sensors (e.g., ambient IoT devices) in many future use cases, e.g., asset management, logistics, warehousing and manufacturing. Therefore, what is needed are techniques for supporting RFID-type sensors with efficient communication protocols.
[0107] FIG. 6 illustrates a base station (BS) 602 communicating with IoT devices 606. As shown, the BS 602 may broadcast a continuous wave (CW) signal 604, allowing an ambient IoT device to harvest energy and provide a response signal using backscattering, as described herein. In some implementations, a BS or user equipment (UE) may read / write information stored on ambient IoT devices. A BS or UE may also provide energy to ambient IoT devices. An information-bearing signal may be reflected to BS or UE, as described. The BS or UE may read the reflected signal by an ambient IoT device to decode the information transmitted by the IoT device.
[0108] FIGs. 7A, 7B, and 7C illustrate different communication topologies with assistance from an assisting node, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. In one topology, a BS may directly communicate with an ambient IoT device. The communication may involve the reception or transmission at the same or different BSs. As shown in FIG. 7A, in a first topology 700, a BS 712 may communicate with an ambient IoT device 716 through an intermediate node 715, as shown. For example, using an access (Uu) link, the BS 712 may communicate with the intermediate node 715, and the intermediate node may communicate with the ambient IoT device 716, relaying information from the BS to the ambient IoT device 716. The intermediate node 715 may be a relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) device, UE, or repeater, which is capable of communicating with an ambient IoT device.
[0109] As shown in FIG. 7B, for a topology 702, the BS may directly receive signaling from the ambient IoT device 716 for uplink (UL) , but for downlink (DL) , the BS may communicate with the IoT device 716 through the assisting node 714. As shown in FIG. 7C, for a topology 704, a BS may directly transmit data to an IoT device 716 for DL, but may use the assisting node 714 for UL. For example, to receive data from the IoT device 716, the data may be first sent to the assisting node 714 and relayed to the BS 712 from the assisting node.
[0110] A UE may directly communicate with an ambient IoT device in some topologies. In some topologies, a UE may communicate with a BS or another UE through an ambient IoT device. For the topologies described, the ambient IoT device may be provided with a carrier wave from another node (s) . The link described with respect to FIGs. 7A, 7B, and 7C may be bidirectional or unidirectional. The BS, UE, or assisting node may be multiple BSs, UEs or assisting nodes, respectively.
[0111] As described, an assisting / intermediate node (e.g., UE, IAB node, or repeater) may be used to assist the communication / energy link between a BS and an ambient IoT device. When the BS or ambient IoT device triggers the selection of an assisting / intermediate node to assist in communications, more than one assisting / intermediate node may be available for selection. Certain aspects of the present disclosure are directed to techniques for the efficient selection of an assisting / intermediate node. Some aspects of the present disclosure provide operations for assisting / intermediate node selection in facilitating DL communications from the BS to the ambient IoT device, while other aspects provide operations for assisting / intermediate node selection in facilitating UL communications from the ambient IoT device to the BS. In some cases, an intermediate node may also be referred to as an assisting node since an intermediate node may provide assistance for a BS and ambient IoT device to communicate. While examples provided here are described with respect to an assisting node (e.g. assisting node 714) to facilitate understanding, the aspects of the present disclosure may be performed by (or applied for selecting) an assisting node (e.g., assisting node 714) or an intermediate node (e.g., intermediate node 715) .
[0112] Example Techniques for DL Assistance
[0113] FIG. 8 illustrates example operations for selecting an assisting node to facilitate DL communication, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
[0114] In some aspects, either the BS 712 or the ambient IoT device 716 may trigger the selection of an assisting node (e.g., one of candidate assisting nodes 714-1, 714-2) , as shown in FIG. 8. Once triggered, a resource allocation process may begin. For example, resources may be allocated for performing reference signal (RS) measurements. In some aspects, each of the candidate assisting nodes 714-1 and 714-2 may indicate whether the assisting node can assist the communication and / or provide the energy link for the ambient IoT device during an initial connection with the BS 712. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, two candidate assisting nodes 714-1, 714-2 (e.g., assisting node 1 and assisting node 2) may have indicated that they can assist. Thus, the BS 712 may facilitate RS measurements to be made to select one of the candidate assisting nodes.
[0115] In some aspects, the assisting nodes may indicate whether they can assist the communication and / or provide the energy link for the ambient IoT device during the initial connection with BS 712 (e.g., as part of radio resource control (RRC) connection) , as described. The BS 712 may configure the resource for the assisting nodes to transmit a signal to the ambient IoT device 716. For example, at block 802, the BS 712 may transmit a message (e.g., via downlink control information (DCI) ) to configure the resource for assisting nodes to transmit a signal to the ambient IoT device for RS measurements.
[0116] In some aspects, the BS 712 or ambient IoT device 716 may transmit an assistant query (e.g., query 830-1 and 830-2) to candidate assisting nodes (e.g., assisting nodes 714-1, 714-2) , and one or more of the assisting nodes may provide a response (e.g., responses 832-1 and 832-2) indicating whether the assisting nodes can provide assistance. The BS 712 may dynamically schedule the resource for the assisting nodes to transmit signals to the ambient IoT device 716. Suppose an assisting node transmits signals for communication and energy link measurements. In that case, the BS 712 may schedule two separate resources, one for the energy link measurement and one for the communication link measurement. The energy link measurement may refer to the amount of energy that the IoT device 716 may harvest during a measurement window and, in some aspects, the energy conversion efficiency of the IoT device 716. Energy conversion efficiency may refer to the efficiency associated with converting a received signal to a direct-current (DC) signal (e.g., via a rectifier) . A communication link measurement generally refers to any measurement of communication quality, such as reference signal receive power (RSRP) , received signal strength indicator (RSSI) , or signal-to-Interference-plus-noise Ratio (SINR) . In some aspects, the BS 712 may schedule a single resource for both the energy and communication link measurements. In some aspects, a single resource may be used for both the energy and communication link measurements if there is a correspondence between the energy link and the communication link (e.g., the ambient IoT device 716 uses the same antenna to receive data and energy from the same device) .
[0117] In some aspects, the BS 712 may also configure a resource for each candidate assisting node to report the measurement. The BS may indicate, to each of the candidate assisting nodes 714-1, 714-2, whether the assisting node is to forward the measurement report for the ambient IoT device 716. For example, in some cases, the ambient IoT device 716 may forward the measurement report directly to the BS 712, and thus, the assisting node may not have to forward the measurement report for the ambient IoT device 716. If the assisting node is to forward the measurement report, the BS 712 may indicate a resource for the assisting node to receive the measurement report from the ambient IoT device 716. In some aspects, the BS 712 may configure a resource for the ambient IoT device 716 to report the measurement. For example, the configuration of the resource for the ambient IoT device 716 may be relayed by an assisting node to the BS 712. In other words, at block 802, the BS 712 may send the resource for the ambient IoT device 716 to perform the measurement to the assisting node 714-2, and the assisting node 714-2 may relay at resource 834 to the IoT device 716, as shown.
[0118] In some aspects, the BS 712 or the candidate assisting nodes 714-1, 714-2 may transmit a signal for performing the measurement. For instance, at block 804, the BS 712 may transmit an RS to each of the assisting nodes 714-1 and 714-2. In some aspects, as described herein, the RS from the BS 712 may be used for each assisting node to perform a communication link measurement for the link between the assisting node and the BS 712. In some aspects, the RS may indicate to each of the assisting nodes 714-1, 714-2 to perform the measurement for the ambient IoT device 716. If the assisting node is a legacy UE, the measurement to be performed may be a type of measurement supported by legacy UEs. In some aspects, the RS from the BS 712 may be used to perform an RS measurement for the link between the BS 712 and each assisting node 714-1, 714-2, which may be taken into account when selecting one of the candidate assisting nodes.
[0119] As shown, at block 806 and block 808, the candidate assisting nodes transmit RS to the IoT device 716 during a respective measurement window. During the measurement windows, the IoT device 716 performs a communication link measurement based on the RS from each candidate assisting node. In some aspects, each assisting node may transmit energy (e.g., a continuous wave (CW) signal) and / or a preamble (e.g., for signal detection) to the ambient IoT device 716 during each respective measurement window. The ambient IoT device 716 may only support envelope-based detection in some cases. In this case, the preamble may be an amplitude shift keying (ASK) -based preamble, allowing the IoT device 716 to detect the preamble.
[0120] In some cases, the ambient IoT device 716 may have no filtering capability (e.g., frequency filtering) at the receiver of the IoT device 716. Thus, the BS 712 may only schedule one assisting node to transmit the signal (e.g., RS) for the measurement at one measurement window, as shown. If more than one assisting node is available, the BS 712 may configure resources for the assisting nodes 714-1, 714-2 to transmit time-division multiplexing (TDM) signals for the measurement, as shown.
[0121] In some aspects, the ambient IoT device 716 may report the results of the performed measurements. For example, the ambient IoT device 716 may report the measurement results for energy and / or communication to an assisting node (e.g., to be forwarded to the BS) , or in some cases, directly to the BS 712, as shown in FIG. 8. If reported to the assisting node, the assisting node may then report the measurement results from ambient IoT device 716 to the BS 712. For example, at block 810, the ambient IoT device 716 may report the measurement results to the assisting node 714-1, and at block 812, the assisting node 714-1 may report the measurement results to the BS 712.
[0122] In some aspects, the IoT device 716 may report the measurement results per assisting node. In other words, the IoT device 716 may send a report of the measurement results for each candidate assisting node 714-1, 714-2. In some aspects, the ambient IoT device 716 may report the measurement results when the energy conversion efficiency or communication link quality (e.g., RSRP) is greater than a threshold. In other words, if no report was provided for a measurement associated with an assisting node, the BS may assume that the measurement results were lower than the threshold. In some aspects, the IoT device 716 may report the measurement results when both the energy conversion efficiency and communication link quality (e.g., RSRP, RSSI, or SINR) are better than preconfigured thresholds (e.g., if the assisting node is to provide assistance for both communication and energy) . For instance, the measurement results may be reported only if the energy conversion efficiency is greater than an efficiency threshold and the communication link quality is greater than a quality threshold.
[0123] In some aspects, the ambient IoT device 716 may combine measurements (e.g., communication link measurement and / or energy measurement for multiple candidate assisting nodes) into one report. In this case, the report's content may include an indication of the assisting node (e.g., assisting node ID) that corresponds to the measurement results and, in some aspects, the ID of the ambient IoT device 716. Thus, the BS is able to identify which assisting node and ambient IoT device the measurement results are associated with.
[0124] In some aspects, each measurement may have a corresponding resource for the report. If the assisting node is to assist both DL and UL or the assisting node is only assisting DL and the ambient IoT device 716 is directly connected with the BS, the ambient IoT device 716 may only indicate the measurement results. In other words, since each report has a dedicated resource for transmission to the BS 712, the BS 712 may identify which assisting node the report corresponds to based on the resource used to transmit the report. Thus, the report may not indicate the assisting node associated with the measurement results.
[0125] In some aspects, an assisting node may receive measurement reports from multiple ambient IoT devices. Thus, when reporting the measurement results associated with the reports to the BS 712, the assisting node may indicate which ambient IoT device 716 the measurement results correspond to (e.g., by indicating the associated ambient IoT device ID) . For instance, the BS 712 may indicate (e.g., as part of the RS transmission at block 804) the ID associated with each ambient IoT device to the assisting node, allowing the assisting node to identify the ambient IoT device when reporting the associated measurement results. In some aspects, the ambient IoT device 716 may indicate the ID of the ambient IoT device when reporting the measurement results to the assisting node (e.g., at block 810) , allowing the assisting node to include the ID of the ambient IoT device 716 when forwarding the measurement results to the BS at block 812. In some aspects, if DL and UL use two different assisting nodes for assistance, the ambient IoT device 716 may report both the measurement results and the DL assistance node ID when reporting the measurement results to the BS 712.
[0126] For the assisting node, if the DL and UL use the same assisting node for assistance, in addition to reporting communication link quality between the BS 712 and the assisting node, the assisting node may also report the received measurement from the ambient IoT device 716. For example, the assisting node may report the received measurement per ambient IoT device. As another example, the assisting node may report the received measurement for the top N ambient IoT devices, N being a positive integer. For instance, if the assisting node receives measurement reports from five IoT devices, the assisting node may report the measurements for two of the five IoT devices having the highest communication link quality and / or energy harvesting quality.
[0127] In some aspects, the assisting node may report the measurement for a group of ambient IoT devices based on the received measurement. For example, the assisting node may report the average quality value (e.g., average RSRP) for a group of ambient IoT devices. As another example, the assisting node may report a minimum or maximum value for a group of ambient IoT devices. For instance, the assisting node may indicate the RSRP for one of the IoT devices having the highest RSRP among the IoT devices. In some aspects, for the group of ambient IoT devices, the BS may indicate, to the assisting node, each group, including the ambient IoT devices. In other words, the BS may indicate to the assisting node to perform measurements for a specific group of IoT devices and report measurement results as described for the indicated group. In some aspects, if DL and UL use separate assisting nodes for assistance, the assisting node may forward the measurement results received from the ambient IoT device.
[0128] Once the measurement results are reported to the BS 712, the BS 712 may analyze the measurement results and select an assisting node to provide assistance for DL communications between the BS 712 and the IoT device 716. The BS 712 may indicate, at block 814 the selected assisting node per ambient IoT device or group of ambient IoT devices. The BS 712 may transmit data 816 to the ambient IoT device 716 with assistance from the selected assisting node, as shown.
[0129] FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating example operations 900 for wireless communication by a base station, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. The operations 900 may be performed, for example, by a base station, such as the BS 102.
[0130] At block 902, the base station transmits, to each of one or more candidate assisting nodes, at least one message allocating one or more resources for performing one or more measurements for a downlink communication with at least one ambient IoT device (e.g., such as a message transmitted at block 802 of FIG. 8) . At block 904, the base station receives one or more reports including results of the one or more measurements (e.g., such as reports transmitted at blocks 810, 812 of FIG. 8) .
[0131] At block 906, the base station selects one of the one or more candidate assisting nodes to assist with the downlink communication between the base station and the at least one ambient IoT device based on the one or more reports. At block 908, the base station transmits data (e.g., data 816) destined for the at least one ambient IoT device via the selected one of the candidate assisting nodes.
[0132] In some aspects, the TDM may be used for RS transmissions. For example, the one or more candidate assisting nodes may include multiple candidate assisting nodes. Allocating the one or more resources may include configuring the multiple candidate assisting nodes to perform measurements for the at least one ambient IoT device during different measurement windows.
[0133] In some aspects, an RS measurement may be performed for a link between the base station and the assisting node. For example, the BS may transmit an RS to each of the one or more candidate assisting nodes (e.g., the BS may transmit the RS at block 804) . The one or more reports may include results of an RS measurement performed based on the RS. The one of the candidate assisting nodes may be selected further based on the RS measurement.
[0134] In some aspects, the BS may indicate whether the assisting node is to forward the measurement report, as described herein. For example, the BS may transmit an indication of whether each of the one or more assisting nodes is to report results of the one or more measurements to the base station. In some cases, the indication may be indicated as part of the resource allocation transmitted at block 802, but a separate message may be used in some aspects.
[0135] In some aspects, the BS configures resources for the assisting node to report measurement results. For example, the at least one message (e.g., transmitted at block 802) may further allocate resources for reporting results of the one or more measurements to the base station.
[0136] In some aspects, different resources may be used for different measurements. For example, the one or more measurements may include an energy harvesting measurement and a communication link measurement. The at least one message may allocate different resources for performing the energy harvesting measurement and the communication link measurement. In some cases, the same resources may be used. For example, the one or more measurements may include an energy harvesting measurement and a communication link measurement, and the at least one message may allocate the same resource for performing the energy harvesting measurement and the communication link measurement.
[0137] In some aspects, the assisting node may indicate whether the assist node can assist in the DL communications. For example, the BS may receive, from each candidate assisting node of the one or more candidate assisting nodes, a capability indication indicating at least one of whether the candidate assisting node can assist the downlink communication, whether the candidate assisting node is capable of receiving backscatter-based signals, or whether the candidate assisting node supports envelope-based modulation. The at least one message may be transmitted in response to the indication. The BS may transmit an assist query (e.g., assist query 830-1 or 830-2) to the candidate assisting node in some cases. In this case, the indication (e.g., response 832-1 or 832-2) may be received in response to the assist query.
[0138] In some aspects, the at least one ambient IoT device may include multiple ambient IoT devices, and the one or more reports may include a report for each of the multiple ambient IoT devices. In some aspects, the one or more reports may include the results of the one or more measurements for one or more of the multiple ambient IoT devices having a highest quality. The at least one ambient IoT device may include a group of ambient IoT devices, and the results of the one or more measurements may include an average of the results of the one or more measurements for the group of ambient IoT devices.
[0139] In some aspects, the at least one ambient IoT device comprises a group of ambient IoT devices. The results of the one or more measurements may include a minimum or a maximum of the results for the group of ambient IoT devices.
[0140] In some aspects, the one or more candidate assisting nodes may include multiple candidate assisting nodes. The one or more reports may include a report for each of the multiple candidate assisting nodes. In some aspects, the one or more reports may include a report having the results of the one or more measurements for the multiple candidate assisting nodes.
[0141] FIG. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating example operations 1000 for wireless communication by a base station, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. The operations 1000 may be performed, for example, by an assisting node, such as the assisting node 714.
[0142] At block 1002, the assisting node may receive (e.g., at block 802 of FIG. 8) , from a base station, at least one message allocating one or more resources for performing one or more measurements for a downlink communication with at least one ambient IoT device. At block 1004, the assisting node may transmit (e.g., at block 806 of FIG. 8) at least one signal for performing the one or more measurements for the downlink communication with the at least one ambient IoT device.
[0143] At block 1006, the assisting node may receive an indication that the assisting node has been selected to assist with the downlink communication between the base station and the at least one ambient IoT device based on results of the one or more measurements. At block 1008, the assisting node may relay data (e.g., data 816) from the base station to the at least one ambient IoT device in response to the received indication.
[0144] In some aspects, the one or more measurements include an energy harvesting measurement or a communication link measurement. The at least one signal may include at least one of a CW signal for the energy harvesting measurement or a RS for the communication link measurement.
[0145] In some aspects, an RS measurement may be performed for a link between the BS and the assisting node. For example, the assisting node may receive a reference signal RS from the base station, perform a communication link measurement based on the RS, and transmit a report to the base station including results of the communication link measurement.
[0146] In some aspects, the assisting node may receive, from the at least one ambient IoT device, an indication of results of the one or more measurements and transmit, to the base station, one or more reports including the results of the one or more measurements. In some aspects, the assisting node may receive, from the base station, an indication of whether to report results of the one or more measurements to the base station, as described. In some aspects, the at least one message may further allocate resources for reporting results of the one or more measurements to the base station.
[0147] In some aspects, the one or more measurements may include an energy harvesting measurement and a communication link measurement. The at least one message may allocate different resources for performing the energy harvesting measurement and the communication link measurement. In some aspects, the at least one message may allocate the same resource for performing the energy harvesting measurement and the communication link measurement.
[0148] In some aspects, the assisting node may transmit, to the base station, a capability indication indicating at least one of whether the assisting node can assist the downlink communication, whether the assisting node is capable of receiving backscatter-based signals, or whether the assisting node supports envelope-based modulation. In some cases, the assisting node may receive an assist query from the base station, where the capability indication is transmitted in response to the assist query.
[0149] In some aspects, the at least one ambient IoT device may include multiple ambient IoT devices. The assisting node may transmit multiple reports including measurement results for the multiple ambient IoT devices, respectively. The assisting node may transmit one or more reports including the results of the one or more measurements for one or more of the multiple ambient IoT devices having a highest quality. In some aspects, the at least one ambient IoT device comprises a group of ambient IoT devices, and the assisting node may transmit a report including an average of the results of the one or more measurements for the group of ambient IoT devices. The assisting node may transmit a report including a minimum or a maximum of the results of the one or more measurements for the group of ambient IoT devices.
[0150] FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating example operations 1100 for wireless communication, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. The operations 1100 may be performed by an ambient IoT device, such as the ambient IoT device 716.
[0151] At block 1102, the ambient IoT device may receive (e.g., at block 806, 808 of FIG. 8) , from each of one or more candidate assisting nodes, at least one signal during a measurement window. At block 1104, the ambient IoT device performs one or more measurements based on the at least one signal from each of the one or more candidate assisting nodes.
[0152] At block 1106, the ambient IoT device transmits one or more reports (e.g., at block 810) including results of the one or more measurements. At block 1108, the ambient IoT device receives data (e.g., data 816) from a base station with assistance from one of the one or more candidate assisting nodes after transmitting the one or more reports.
[0153] In some aspects, the one or more measurements include an energy harvesting measurement or a communication link measurement. The at least one signal may include at least one of a CW signal for the energy harvesting measurement or a RS for the communication link measurement.
[0154] In some aspects, the one or more candidate assisting nodes include multiple candidate assisting nodes. The ambient IoT device may receive the at least one signal includes receiving signals from the multiple candidate assisting nodes during different measurement windows.
[0155] In some aspects, the one or more candidate assisting nodes include multiple candidate assisting nodes. The one or more reports may include a report for each of the multiple candidate assisting nodes. In some aspects, the one or more reports includes a report having the results of the one or more measurements for the multiple candidate assisting nodes.
[0156] In some aspects, the one or more measurements includes an energy harvesting measurement and a communication link measurement, and the one or more reports may be transmitted in response to at least one of the energy harvesting measurement or the communication link measurement meeting a threshold.
[0157] In some aspects, the one or more reports are transmitted to the base station or an assisting node of the one or more candidate assisting node. In some aspects, different resources are allocated for performing the energy harvesting measurement and the communication link measurement. In some aspects, the same resource is allocated for performing the energy harvesting measurement and the communication link measurement.
[0158] Example Techniques for UL Assistance
[0159] FIG. 12 illustrates example operations for selecting an assisting node to facilitate UL communication, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. As shown, the BS 712 or ambient IoT device 716 may trigger the selection of an assisting node.
[0160] At block 1202, the BS 712 may transmit a message allocating resources for the assisting node to provide an RS for measurement. For example, using the resources allocated at block 1202, the assisting node 714 may transmit, at block 1206, a RS for measurement during a measurement window, as shown. In some aspects, the allocation of resources at block 1202 may also indicate, to the assisting node, the resources associated with the reception of RS (e.g., transmitted at block 1208) from the ambient IoT device 716. While a single assisting node is shown in FIG. 12 to facilitate understanding, any number of assisting nodes may be used. For example, resources may also be allocated to multiple assisting node that may transmit RS for measurement to the BS 712 and perform measurements for an ambient IoT device 716, allowing the BS 712 to select one of the assisting nodes.
[0161] At block 1204, the BS 712 may also transmit a message to allocate resources for transmitting an RS at block 1208. In some aspects, the allocation of resources for the ambient IoT device 716 may be based on the capability of the IoT device 716. The IoT device 716 may report its capability to the BS, in some aspects. For example, if the IoT device 716 does not support backscattering with frequency shift or supports backscattering with only one backscattering at a time, the resources may be scheduled such that the ambient IoT device 716 backscatters a predefined pattern at one specified frequency range during a single measurement window. However, if the ambient IoT device 716 supports backscattering with multiple frequency shifts, frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) or time-division multiplexing (TDM) based resources may be allocated. For instance, if the ambient IoT device 716 supports multi-frequency shift at one time, the resources may be scheduled such that the ambient IoT device 716 backscatters the RS using FDM during a single measurement window. If the ambient IoT device 716 can only support one frequency shift at one time, the resources may be scheduled such that the ambient IoT device backscatters the RS using TDM. In other words, the RS may be transmitted using different frequencies, each frequency having a single measurement window.
[0162] FIG. 13A illustrates the transmission of RS using FDM by an ambient IoT device supporting frequency shifts during a measurement window, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. As shown, the RS may be transmitted using the frequencies 1302, 1304 during the same measurement window. FIG. 13B illustrates the transmission of RS using TDM by an ambient IoT device supporting a single frequency at a time, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. As shown, during a first measurement window, an RS may be sent using frequency 1306, and during a second measurement window, an RS may be sent using frequency 1308.
[0163] Referring back to FIG. 12, in some aspects, the BS 712 may schedule a DL assisting node to forward a resource allocation to the ambient IoT device 716. In other words, instead of directly transmitting the resource allocation to the IoT device 716 at block 1204, the resource allocation may be sent using assistance from an assisting node. In some aspects, the BS 712 may schedule the UL assisting node to receive the RS from the ambient IoT device 716 (e.g., transmitted at block 1208) and implement the measurement, as described herein. The BS 712 may schedule the UL assisting node to transmit RS for the measurement at block 1206.
[0164] In some aspects, for the resource configuration, the UL assisting node 714 may indicate whether the assisting node 714 can assist the UL (e.g., whether the assisting node can receive backscatter-based signals) for the ambient IoT device during an initial connection with the BS. In this case, RRC signaling may be used to configure a resource for the UL assisting node to transmit a signal to BS 712 indicating whether the assisting node 714 can provide UL assistance. RRC signaling may be used to configure the resource for the UL assisting node to transmit the RS at block 1206. In some aspects, RRC signaling may be used to configure the UL assisting node to perform the measurement (e.g., measurement based on RS transmitted at block 1208) . In some aspects, the BS (or IoT device) may transmit an assistant query (e.g., as described with respect query 830-1 of FIG. 8) to the assisting node, and the assisting node may transmit a response (e.g., as described with respect to the query 830-1) to the query indicating whether the assisting node can assist in UL communications between the IoT device 716 and BS 712. The BS 712 may dynamically schedule the resource for the assisting node to transmit the RS to the BS 712 at block 1206. The BS 712 may dynamically indicate the resource to perform the measurement (e.g., receive RS transmitted at block 1208) .
[0165] In some aspects, the scheduled RS transmission may include a legacy configuration if the UL assisting node is a UE, repeater, or integrated access or backhaul (IAB) node. For instance, the BS 712 may schedule the resource for the assisting node 714 to transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS) . In some aspects, the BS 712 may schedule a DL assisting node to forward the RRC-configured resource or dynamically schedule the resource to the ambient IoT device 716 to transmit the RS for the measurement at block 1208.
[0166] In some aspects, the assisting node 714 may perform the measurement during the measurement window based on the RS transmitted at block 1208, as shown. The assisting node 714 may report the measurement results to the BS 712 at block 1212, as shown. In some aspects, if the ambient IoT device 716 does not support backscattering with multiple frequency shifts, the assisting node 714 reports the measurement results in a similar manner as described with respect to FIG. 8. For example, the assisting node 714 may report the received measurement per ambient IoT device, report the received measurement for top N of best of ambient-IoT devices, or report the measurement for a group of ambient IoT devices based on the received measurement, as described herein.
[0167] If the ambient IoT device 716 supports backscattering with multiple frequency shifts, the assisting node 714 may report the measured results per frequency band and per ambient IoT device. In some aspects, the assisting node 714 may report a maximum, minimum, or average of the measured results among the frequency bands per ambient IoT device. For instance, an RS measurement may be performed for frequency 1302 (or frequency 1306) , and an RS measurement may be performed for frequency 1304 (or frequency 1308) . The assisting node 714 may transmit the maximum of the RS measurements, the minimum of the RS measurements, or the average of the RS measurements. In some aspects, the assisting node 714 may transmit the maximum, minimum, or average measured results among all ambient IoT devices per frequency band. For instance, an RS measurement may be performed for frequency 1302 for multiple ambient IoT devices. The assisting node may transmit the maximum, minimum, or average of the RS measurements performed for the multiple ambient IoT devices. Based on the measurement results from multiple assisting nodes, the BS 712 selects an assisting node and indicates, at block 1214, the selected assisting node (e.g., to the assisting node and the IoT device) to be used for UL communications. For example, data 1240 may be sent from the IoT device 716 to the BS 712 via the assisting node 714.
[0168] FIG. 14 is a flow diagram illustrating example operations 1400 for wireless communication by a base station, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. The operations 1400 may be performed, for example, by a base station, such as the BS 102.
[0169] At block 1402, the base station may transmit (e.g., at block 1202 of FIG. 12) , to one or more candidate assisting nodes, at least one first message allocating one or more resources for performing one or more measurements for an uplink communication with at least one ambient IoT device. At block 1404, the base station may receive, from the one or more candidate assisting nodes, one or more reports (e.g., reports transmitted at block 1212) including results of the one or more measurements.
[0170] At block 1406, the base station may select one of the one or more candidate assisting nodes to assist with the uplink communication between the base station and the at least one IoT device based on the one or more reports. At block 1408, the base station may receive data (e.g., data 1240) from the at least one ambient IoT device via the selected one of the candidate assisting nodes.
[0171] In some aspects, the base station may transmit, to the at least one IoT device, at least one second message allocating the one or more resources for performing the one or more measurements. In some aspects, the one or more measurements are performed during a measurement window. The base station may transmit a CW signal (e.g., CW signal 1210) during the measurement window.
[0172] The at least one first message may indicate that the one or more measurements are to be performed for a configured frequency range. In some aspects, the at least one first message may indicate that the one or more measurements are to be performed for at least two configured frequency ranges. The at least one first message may indicate that the one or more measurements are to be performed for the at least two configured frequency ranges using FDM. In some aspects, the one or more reports may indicate at least one of a minimum, a maximum, or average of results of the one or more measurements for the at least two configured frequency ranges for each the at least one IoT device. The at least one IoT device may include multiple IoT devices, and the one or more reports may indicate at least one of a minimum, a maximum, or average of results of the one or more measurements for the at least two configured frequency ranges performed for the multiple IoT devices.
[0173] In some aspects, the at least one first message further allocates at least one resource for each of the one or more candidate assisting nodes to transmit a RS to the base station. The base station may receive the RS from each of the one or more candidate assisting nodes using the at least one resource and perform an RS measurement based on the RS, where the one of the one or more candidate assisting nodes is selected based on the RS measurement.
[0174] In some aspects, the base station may receive, from each of the one or more candidate assisting nodes, a capability indication indicating of at least one of whether the candidate assisting node can assist the uplink communication or whether the candidate assisting node is capable of receiving backscatter-based signals, where the at least one first message is transmitted in response to the indication. The base station may transmit an assist query to each of the one or more candidate assisting nodes, where the capability indication is received in response to the assist query. In some aspects, the at least one first message further allocates resources for transmitting the one or more reports to the base station.
[0175] FIG. 15 is a flow diagram illustrating example operations 1500 for wireless communication, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. The operations 1500 may be performed, for example, by an assisting node, such as the assisting node 714.
[0176] At block 1502, the assisting node may receive, from a base station, at least one message allocating one or more resources for performing one or more measurements for an uplink communication with at least one IoT device. At block 1504, the assisting node may receive, from the at least one IoT device, at least one RS for performing the one or more measurements for the uplink communication with the at least one IoT device.
[0177] At block 1506, the assisting node may perform the one or more measurements based on the at least one RS. At block 1508, the assisting node may transmit one or more reports including results of the one or more measurements.
[0178] At block 1510, the assisting node may receive an indication that the assisting node has been selected to assist with the uplink communication between the at least one IoT device and the base station based on results of the one or more measurements. At block 1512, the assisting node may relay data from the at least one IoT device to the base station in response to the received indication.
[0179] In some aspects, the at least one message indicates that the one or more measurements are to be performed for a configured frequency range. The at least one message may indicate that the one or more measurements to be performed for at least two configured frequency ranges. The at least one message may indicate that the one or more measurements are to be performed for the at least two configured frequency ranges using FDM, in some aspects. The one or more reports may indicate results of the one or more measurements for each of the at least two configured frequency ranges. The one or more reports may indicate at least one of a minimum, a maximum, or average of results of the one or more measurements for the at least two configured frequency ranges for each the at least one IoT device. In some aspects, the at least one IoT device may include multiple IoT devices. The one or more reports may indicate at least one of a minimum, a maximum, or average of results of the one or more measurements for the at least two configured frequency ranges performed for the multiple IoT devices.
[0180] In some aspects, the at least one message further allocates at least one resource for the assisting node to transmit another RS to the base station. The assisting node may transmit the other RS to the base station via the at least one resource.
[0181] The assisting node may transmit, to the base station, a capability indication indicating at least one of whether the assisting node can assist the uplink communication or whether the assisting node is capable of receiving backscatter-based signals, where the at least one message is received in response to the capability indication. The assisting node may receive an assist query from the base station, where the capability indication is transmitted in response to the assist query. The at least one message may further allocate resources for transmitting the one or more reports.
[0182] FIG. 16 is a flow diagram illustrating example operations 1600 for wireless communication, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. The operations 1600 may be performed by an ambient IoT device, such as the ambient IoT device 716.
[0183] At block 1602, the ambient IoT device may receive, from a base station, at least one message allocating one or more resources for performing one or more measurements for an uplink communication with at least one IoT device. At block 1604, the ambient IoT device may transmits (e.g., at block 1208) , to each of one or more candidate assisting nodes, at least one RS via the one or more resources for performing the one or more measurements. At block 1606, the ambient IoT device may transmit data (e.g., data 1240) to a base station with assistance from one of the one or more candidate assisting nodes after transmitting the at least one RS.
[0184] In some aspects, the at least one message indicates that the one or more measurements are to be performed for a configured frequency range, the at least one RS being transmitted via the configured frequency range. In some aspects, the at least one message indicates that the one or more measurements to be performed for at least two configured frequency ranges, the at least one RS being transmitted via the at least two configured frequency ranges. The at least one message may indicate that the one or more measurements are to be performed for the at least two configured frequency ranges using FDM, the at least one RS being transmitted via the at least two configured frequency ranges using FDM. In some aspects, the ambient IoT device may harvest energy based on a CW signal from a base station, where the at least one RS is transmitted via the energy.
[0185] FIG. 17 depicts aspects of an example communications device 1700. In some aspects, communications device 1700 is an ambient IoT device, such as the ambient IoT device 716, or any other device described herein capable of ambient IoT communication (e.g., receiving and harvesting energy from wireless energy signals) .
[0186] The communications device 1700 includes a processing system 1705 coupled to the transceiver 1775 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver) . The transceiver 1775 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 1700 via the antenna 1780, such as the various signals as described herein. The processing system 1705 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 1700, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communications device 1700.
[0187] The processing system 1705 includes one or more processors 1710. In various aspects, the one or more processors 1710 may be representative of one or more of receive processor 358, transmit processor 364, TX MIMO processor 366, and / or controller / processor 380, as described with respect to FIG. 3. The one or more processors 1710 are coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 1740 via a bus 1770. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1740 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that when executed by the one or more processors 1710, cause the one or more processors 1710 to perform the operations described with respect to FIGs. 11 and 16, or any aspect related to it. Note that reference to a processor performing a function of communications device 1700 may include one or more processors 1710 performing that function of communications device 1700.
[0188] In the depicted example, computer-readable medium / memory 1740 stores code (e.g., executable instructions) , such as code for receiving 1745, code for performing 1750, code for transmitting 1755, and code for harvesting 1765. Processing of the code for receiving 1745, code for performing 1750, code for transmitting 1755, and code for harvesting 1765 may cause the communications device 1700 to perform the operations described with respect to FIGs. 11 and 16, or any aspect related to it.
[0189] The one or more processors 1710 include circuitry configured to implement (e.g., execute) the code stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1740, including circuitry such as circuitry for receiving 1715, circuitry for performing 1720, circuitry for transmitting 1725, and circuitry for harvesting 1735. Processing with circuitry for receiving 1715, circuitry for performing 1720, circuitry for transmitting 1725, and circuitry for harvesting 1735 may cause the communications device 1700 to perform the operations described with respect to FIGs. 11 and 16, or any aspect related to it.
[0190] Various components of the communications device 1700 may provide means for performing the operations described with respect to FIGs. 11 and 16, or any aspect related to it. For example, means for transmitting, sending or outputting for transmission may include transceivers 354 and / or antenna (s) 352 of the UE 104 illustrated in FIG. 3 and / or the transceiver 1775 and the antenna 1780 of the communications device 1700 in FIG. 17. Means for receiving or obtaining may include transceivers 354 and / or antenna (s) 352 of the UE 104 illustrated in FIG. 3 and / or the transceiver 1775 and the antenna 1780 of the communications device 1700 in FIG. 17.
[0191] FIG. 18 depicts aspects of an example communications device 1800. In some aspects, communications device 1800 is an assisting node such as the assisting node 714.
[0192] The communications device 1800 includes a processing system 1805 coupled to the transceiver 1875 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver) and / or a network interface 1865. The transceiver 1875 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 1800 via the antenna 1880, such as the various signals as described herein. The network interface 1865 is configured to obtain and send signals for the communications device 1800 via communication link (s) , such as a backhaul link, midhaul link, and / or fronthaul link as described herein, such as with respect to FIG. 2. The processing system 1805 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 1800, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communications device 1800.
[0193] The processing system 1805 includes one or more processors 1810. In various aspects, one or more processors 1810 may be representative of one or more of receive processor 338, transmit processor 320, TX MIMO processor 330, and / or controller / processor 340, as described with respect to FIG. 3. The one or more processors 1810 are coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 1840 via a bus 1870. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1840 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that when executed by the one or more processors 1810, cause the one or more processors 1810 to perform the operations described with respect to FIGs. 10 and 15, or any aspect related to it. Note that reference to a processor of communications device 1800 performing a function may include one or more processors 1810 of communications device 1800 performing that function.
[0194] In the depicted example, the computer-readable medium / memory 1840 stores code (e.g., executable instructions) , such as code for receiving 1845, code for performing 1850, code for transmitting 1855, and code for relaying 1860. Processing of the code for receiving 1845, code for performing 1850, code for transmitting 1855, and code for relaying 1860 may cause the communications device 1800 to perform the operations described with respect to FIGs. 10 and 15, or any aspect related to it.
[0195] The one or more processors 1810 include circuitry configured to implement (e.g., execute) the code stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1840, including circuitry such as circuitry for receiving 1815, circuitry for performing 1820, circuitry for transmitting 1825, and circuitry for relaying 1830. Processing with circuitry for receiving 1815, circuitry for performing 1820, circuitry for transmitting 1825, and circuitry for relaying 1830 may cause the communications device 1800 to perform the operations described with respect to FIGs. 10 and 15, or any aspect related to it.
[0196] Various components of the communications device 1800 may provide means for performing the operations described with respect to FIGs. 10 and 15, or any aspect related to it. Means for transmitting, sending or outputting for transmission may include transceivers 332 and / or antenna (s) 334 of the BS 102 illustrated in FIG. 3 and / or the transceiver 1875 and the antenna 1880 of the communications device 1800 in FIG. 18. Means for receiving or obtaining may include transceivers 332 and / or antenna (s) 334 of the BS 102 illustrated in FIG. 3 and / or the transceiver 1875 and the antenna 1880 of the communications device 1800 in FIG. 18.
[0197] FIG. 19 depicts aspects of an example communications device 1900. In some aspects, communications device 1900 is a base station such as the BS 712.
[0198] The communications device 1900 includes a processing system 1905 coupled to the transceiver 1955 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver) and / or a network interface 1965. The transceiver 1955 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 1900 via the antenna 1960, such as the various signals as described herein. The network interface 1965 is configured to obtain and send signals for the communications device 1900 via communication link (s) , such as a backhaul link, midhaul link, and / or fronthaul link as described herein, such as with respect to FIG. 2. The processing system 1905 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 1900, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communications device 1900.
[0199] The processing system 1905 includes one or more processors 1910. In various aspects, one or more processors 1910 may be representative of one or more of receive processor 338, transmit processor 320, TX MIMO processor 330, and / or controller / processor 340, as described with respect to FIG. 3. The one or more processors 1910 are coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 1930 via a bus 1950. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1930 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that when executed by the one or more processors 1910, cause the one or more processors 1910 to perform the operations described with respect to FIGs. 9 and 14, or any aspect related to it. Note that reference to a processor of communications device 1900 performing a function may include one or more processors 1910 of communications device 1900 performing that function.
[0200] In the depicted example, the computer-readable medium / memory 1930 stores code (e.g., executable instructions) , such as code for transmitting 1935, code for receiving 1940, code for selecting 1945, and code for performing 1951. Processing of the code for transmitting 1935, code for receiving 1940, code for selecting 1945, and code for performing 1951 may cause the communications device 1900 to perform the operations described with respect to FIGs. 9 and 14, or any aspect related to it.
[0201] The one or more processors 1910 include circuitry configured to implement (e.g., execute) the code stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1930, including circuitry such as circuitry for transmitting 1915, circuitry for receiving 1920, circuitry for selecting 1925, and circuitry for performing 1931. Processing with circuitry for transmitting 1915, circuitry for receiving 1920, circuitry for selecting 1925, and circuitry for performing 1931 may cause the communications device 1900 to perform the operations described with respect to FIGs. 9 and 14, or any aspect related to it.
[0202] Various components of the communications device 1900 may provide means for performing the operations described with respect to FIGs. 9 and 14, or any aspect related to it. Means for transmitting, sending or outputting for transmission may include transceivers 332 and / or antenna (s) 334 of the BS 102 illustrated in FIG. 3 and / or the transceiver 1955 and the antenna 1960 of the communications device 1900 in FIG. 19. Means for receiving or obtaining may include transceivers 332 and / or antenna (s) 334 of the BS 102 illustrated in FIG. 3 and / or the transceiver 1955 and the antenna 1960 of the communications device 1900 in FIG. 19.
[0203] Example Clauses
[0204] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:
[0205] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication by a base station, comprising: transmitting, to each of one or more candidate assisting nodes, at least one message allocating one or more resources for performing one or more measurements for a downlink communication with at least one ambient internet of things (IoT) device; receiving one or more reports including results of the one or more measurements; selecting one of the one or more candidate assisting nodes to assist with the downlink communication between the base station and the at least one ambient IoT device based on the one or more reports; and transmitting data destined for the at least one ambient IoT device via the selected one of the candidate assisting nodes.
[0206] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the one or more candidate assisting nodes comprise multiple candidate assisting nodes, wherein allocating the one or more resources includes configuring the multiple candidate assisting nodes to perform measurements for the at least one ambient IoT device during different measurement windows.
[0207] Aspect 3: The method of Aspect 1 or 2, further comprising transmitting an RS to each of the one or more candidate assisting nodes, wherein the one or more reports include results of an RS measurement performed based on the RS, wherein the one of the candidate assisting nodes is selected further based on the RS measurement.
[0208] Aspect 4: The method according to any of Aspects 1–3, further comprising transmitting an indication of whether each of the one or more assisting nodes is to report results of the one or more measurements to the base station.
[0209] Aspect 5: The method according to any of Aspects 1–4, wherein the at least one message further allocates resources for reporting results of the one or more measurements to the base station.
[0210] Aspect 6: The method according to any of Aspects 1–5, wherein the one or more measurements includes an energy harvesting measurement and a communication link measurement, and wherein the at least one message allocates different resources for performing the energy harvesting measurement and the communication link measurement.
[0211] Aspect 7: The method according to any of Aspects 1–6, wherein the one or more measurements includes an energy harvesting measurement and a communication link measurement, and wherein the at least one message allocates a same resource for performing the energy harvesting measurement and the communication link measurement.
[0212] Aspect 8: The method according to any of Aspects 1–7, further comprising receiving, from each candidate assisting node of the one or more candidate assisting nodes, a capability indication indicating at least one of whether the candidate assisting node can assist the downlink communication, whether the candidate assisting node is capable of receiving backscatter-based signals, or whether the candidate assisting node supports envelope-based modulation, wherein the at least one message is transmitted in response to the indication.
[0213] Aspect 9: The method of Aspect 8, further comprising transmitting an assist query to the candidate assisting node, wherein the indication is received in response to the assist query.
[0214] Aspect 10: The method according to any of Aspects 1–9, wherein the at least one ambient IoT device comprises multiple ambient IoT devices, and wherein the one or more reports include a report for each of the multiple ambient IoT devices.
[0215] Aspect 11: The method according to any of Aspects 1–10, wherein: the at least one ambient IoT device comprises multiple ambient IoT devices; and the one or more reports include the results of the one or more measurements for one or more of the multiple ambient IoT devices having a highest quality.
[0216] Aspect 12: The method according to any of Aspects 1–11, wherein: the at least one ambient IoT device comprises a group of ambient IoT devices; and the results of the one or more measurements includes an average of the results of the one or more measurements for the group of ambient IoT devices.
[0217] Aspect 13: The method according to any of Aspects 1–12, wherein: the at least one ambient IoT device comprises a group of ambient IoT devices; and the results of the one or more measurements includes a minimum or a maximum of the results for the group of ambient IoT devices.
[0218] Aspect 14: The method according to any of Aspects 1–13, wherein the one or more candidate assisting nodes comprise multiple candidate assisting nodes, and wherein the one or more reports includes a report for each of the multiple candidate assisting nodes.
[0219] Aspect 15: The method according to any of Aspects 1–14, wherein the one or more candidate assisting nodes comprise multiple candidate assisting nodes, and wherein the one or more reports includes a report comprising the results of the one or more measurements for the multiple candidate assisting nodes.
[0220] Aspect 16: A method for wireless communication by an assisting node, comprising: receiving, from a base station, at least one message allocating one or more resources for performing one or more measurements for a downlink communication with at least one ambient internet of things (IoT) device; transmitting at least one signal for performing the one or more measurements for the downlink communication with the at least one ambient IoT device; receiving an indication that the assisting node has been selected to assist with the downlink communication between the base station and the at least one ambient IoT device based on results of the one or more measurements; and relaying data from the base station to the at least one ambient IoT device in response to the received indication.
[0221] Aspect 17: The method of Aspect 16, wherein: the one or more measurements include an energy harvesting measurement or a communication link measurement; and the at least one signal comprises at least one of a continuous wave (CW) signal for the energy harvesting measurement or a RS for the communication link measurement.
[0222] Aspect 18: The method of Aspect 16 or 17, further comprising: receiving a reference signal RS from the base station; performing a communication link measurement based on the RS; and transmitting a report to the base station including results of the communication link measurement.
[0223] Aspect 19: The method according to any of Aspects 16–18, further comprising: receiving, from the at least one ambient IoT device, an indication of results of the one or more measurements; and transmitting, to the base station, one or more reports including the results of the one or more measurements.
[0224] Aspect 20: The method according to any of Aspects 16–19, further comprising receiving, from the base station, an indication of whether to report results of the one or more measurements to the base station.
[0225] Aspect 21: The method according to any of Aspects 16–20, wherein the at least one message further allocates resources for reporting results of the one or more measurements to the base station.
[0226] Aspect 22: The method according to any of Aspects 16–21, wherein the one or more measurements includes an energy harvesting measurement and a communication link measurement, and wherein the at least one message allocates different resources for performing the energy harvesting measurement and the communication link measurement.
[0227] Aspect 23: The method according to any of Aspects 16–22, wherein the one or more measurements includes an energy harvesting measurement and a communication link measurement, and wherein the at least one message allocates a same resource for performing the energy harvesting measurement and the communication link measurement.
[0228] Aspect 24: The method according to any of Aspects 16–23, further comprising transmitting, to the base station, a capability indication indicating at least one of whether the assisting node can assist the downlink communication, whether the assisting node is capable of receiving backscatter-based signals, or whether the assisting node supports envelope-based modulation.
[0229] Aspect 25: The method of Aspect 24, further comprising receiving an assist query from the base station, wherein the capability indication is transmitted in response to the assist query.
[0230] Aspect 26: The method according to any of Aspects 16–25, wherein the at least one ambient IoT device comprises multiple ambient IoT devices, and wherein the method further comprises transmitting multiple reports including measurement results for the multiple ambient IoT devices, respectively.
[0231] Aspect 27: The method according to any of Aspects 16–26, wherein: the at least one ambient IoT device comprises multiple ambient IoT devices; and the method further comprises transmitting one or more reports including the results of the one or more measurements for one or more of the multiple ambient IoT devices having a highest quality.
[0232] Aspect 28: The method according to any of Aspects 16–27, wherein: the at least one ambient IoT device comprises a group of ambient IoT devices; and the method further comprises transmitting a report including an average of the results of the one or more measurements for the group of ambient IoT devices.
[0233] Aspect 29: The method according to any of Aspects 16–28, wherein: the at least one ambient IoT device comprises a group of ambient IoT devices; and the method further comprises transmitting a report including a minimum or a maximum of the results of the one or more measurements for the group of ambient IoT devices.
[0234] Aspect 30: A method for wireless communication by an ambient internet of things (IoT) device, comprising: receiving, from each of one or more candidate assisting nodes, at least one signal during a measurement window; performing one or more measurements based on the at least one signal from each of the one or more candidate assisting nodes; transmitting one or more reports including results of the one or more measurements; and receiving data from a base station with assistance from one of the one or more candidate assisting nodes after transmitting the one or more reports.
[0235] Aspect 31: The method of Aspect 30, wherein: the one or more measurements include an energy harvesting measurement or a communication link measurement; and the at least one signal comprises at least one of a continuous wave (CW) signal for the energy harvesting measurement or a RS for the communication link measurement.
[0236] Aspect 32: The method of Aspect 30 or 31, wherein: the one or more candidate assisting nodes comprise multiple candidate assisting nodes; and receiving the at least one signal includes receiving signals from the multiple candidate assisting nodes during different measurement windows.
[0237] Aspect 33: The method according to any of Aspects 30–32, wherein: the one or more candidate assisting nodes comprise multiple candidate assisting nodes; and the one or more reports includes a report for each of the multiple candidate assisting nodes.
[0238] Aspect 34: The method according to any of Aspects 30–33, wherein: the one or more candidate assisting nodes comprise multiple candidate assisting nodes; and the one or more reports includes a report comprising the results of the one or more measurements for the multiple candidate assisting nodes.
[0239] Aspect 35: The method according to any of Aspects 30–34, wherein: the one or more measurements includes an energy harvesting measurement and a communication link measurement; and the one or more reports are transmitted in response to at least one of the energy harvesting measurement or the communication link measurement meeting a threshold.
[0240] Aspect 36: The method according to any of Aspects 30–35, wherein the one or more reports are transmitted to the base station or an assisting node of the one or more candidate assisting node.
[0241] Aspect 37: The method according to any of Aspects 30–36, wherein: the one or more measurements includes an energy harvesting measurement and a communication link measurement; and different resources are allocated for performing the energy harvesting measurement and the communication link measurement.
[0242] Aspect 38: The method according to any of Aspects 30–37, wherein: the one or more measurements includes an energy harvesting measurement and a communication link measurement; and a same resource is allocated for performing the energy harvesting measurement and the communication link measurement.
[0243] Aspect 39: An apparatus comprising a memory and one or more processors configured to perform the method of any of Aspects 1-38.
[0244] Aspect 40: A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, that when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method of any of Aspects 1-38.
[0245] Aspect 41: An apparatus having one or more means for performing the method of any of Aspects 1-38.
[0246] Additional Considerations
[0247] The preceding description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. The examples discussed herein are not limiting of the scope, applicability, or aspects set forth in the claims. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. For example, changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Various examples may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For instance, the methods described may be performed in an order different from that described, and various actions may be added, omitted, or combined. Also, features described with respect to some examples may be combined in some other examples. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method that is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to, or other than, the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0248] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the present disclosure may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an ASIC, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD) , discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, a system on a chip (SoC) , or any other such configuration.
[0249] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0250] As used herein, the term “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” may include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also, “determining” may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing and the like.
[0251] The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more actions for achieving the methods. The method actions may be interchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of actions is specified, the order and / or use of specific actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims. Further, the various operations of methods described above may be performed by any suitable means capable of performing the corresponding functions. The means may include various hardware and / or software component (s) and / or module (s) , including, but not limited to a circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or processor.
[0252] The following claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Within a claim, reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ” Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. No claim element is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. §112 (f) unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for” . All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims.
Claims
1.A method for wireless communication by a base station, comprising:transmitting, to each of one or more candidate assisting nodes, at least one message allocating one or more resources for performing one or more measurements for a downlink communication with at least one ambient internet of things (IoT) device;receiving one or more reports including results of the one or more measurements;selecting one of the one or more candidate assisting nodes to assist with the downlink communication between the base station and the at least one ambient IoT device based on the one or more reports; andtransmitting data destined for the at least one ambient IoT device via the selected one of the candidate assisting nodes.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more candidate assisting nodes comprise multiple candidate assisting nodes, wherein allocating the one or more resources includes configuring the multiple candidate assisting nodes to perform measurements for the at least one ambient IoT device during different measurement windows.3.The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting an RS to each of the one or more candidate assisting nodes, wherein the one or more reports include results of an RS measurement performed based on the RS, wherein the one of the candidate assisting nodes is selected further based on the RS measurement.4.The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting an indication of whether each of the one or more assisting nodes is to report results of the one or more measurements to the base station.5.The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more measurements includes an energy harvesting measurement and a communication link measurement, and wherein the at least one message allocates different resources or a same resource for performing the energy harvesting measurement and the communication link measurement.6.The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, from each candidate assisting node of the one or more candidate assisting nodes, a capability indication indicating at least one of whether the candidate assisting node can assist the downlink communication, whether the candidate assisting node is capable of receiving backscatter-based signals, or whether the candidate assisting node supports envelope-based modulation, wherein the at least one message is transmitted in response to the indication.7.The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one ambient IoT device comprises multiple ambient IoT devices, and wherein the one or more reports include a report for each of the multiple ambient IoT devices.8.The method of claim 1, wherein:the at least one ambient IoT device comprises multiple ambient IoT devices; andthe one or more reports include the results of the one or more measurements for one or more of the multiple ambient IoT devices having a highest quality.9.The method of claim 1, wherein:the at least one ambient IoT device comprises a group of ambient IoT devices; andthe results of the one or more measurements includes an average of the results of the one or more measurements for the group of ambient IoT devices.10.The method of claim 1, wherein:the at least one ambient IoT device comprises a group of ambient IoT devices; andthe results of the one or more measurements includes a minimum or a maximum of the results for the group of ambient IoT devices.11.The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more candidate assisting nodes comprise multiple candidate assisting nodes, and wherein the one or more reports includes a report comprising the results of the one or more measurements for the multiple candidate assisting nodes.12.A method for wireless communication by an assisting node, comprising:receiving, from a base station, at least one message allocating one or more resources for performing one or more measurements for a downlink communication with at least one ambient internet of things (IoT) device;transmitting at least one signal for performing the one or more measurements for the downlink communication with the at least one ambient IoT device;receiving an indication that the assisting node has been selected to assist with the downlink communication between the base station and the at least one ambient IoT device based on results of the one or more measurements; andrelaying data from the base station to the at least one ambient IoT device in response to the received indication.13.The method of claim 12, wherein:the one or more measurements include an energy harvesting measurement or a communication link measurement; andthe at least one signal comprises at least one of a continuous wave (CW) signal for the energy harvesting measurement or a RS for the communication link measurement.14.The method of claim 12, further comprising:receiving a reference signal RS from the base station;performing a communication link measurement based on the RS; andtransmitting a report to the base station including results of the communication link measurement.15.The method of claim 12, further comprising:receiving, from the at least one ambient IoT device, an indication of results of the one or more measurements; andtransmitting, to the base station, one or more reports including the results of the one or more measurements.16.The method of claim 12, further comprising receiving, from the base station, an indication of whether to report results of the one or more measurements to the base station.17.The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more measurements includes an energy harvesting measurement and a communication link measurement, and wherein the at least one message allocates different resources or a same resource for performing the energy harvesting measurement and the communication link measurement.18.The method of claim 12, further comprising transmitting, to the base station, a capability indication indicating at least one of whether the assisting node can assist the downlink communication, whether the assisting node is capable of receiving backscatter-based signals, or whether the assisting node supports envelope-based modulation.19.The method of claim 12, wherein the at least one ambient IoT device comprises multiple ambient IoT devices, and wherein the method further comprises transmitting multiple reports including measurement results for the multiple ambient IoT devices, respectively.20.The method of claim 12, wherein:the at least one ambient IoT device comprises multiple ambient IoT devices; andthe method further comprises transmitting one or more reports including the results of the one or more measurements for one or more of the multiple ambient IoT devices having a highest quality.21.The method of claim 12, wherein:the at least one ambient IoT device comprises a group of ambient IoT devices; andthe method further comprises transmitting a report including an average of the results of the one or more measurements for the group of ambient IoT devices.22.The method of claim 12, wherein:the at least one ambient IoT device comprises a group of ambient IoT devices; andthe method further comprises transmitting a report including a minimum or a maximum of the results of the one or more measurements for the group of ambient IoT devices.23.A method for wireless communication by an ambient internet of things (IoT) device, comprising:receiving, from each of one or more candidate assisting nodes, at least one signal during a measurement window;performing one or more measurements based on the at least one signal from each of the one or more candidate assisting nodes;transmitting one or more reports including results of the one or more measurements; andreceiving data from a base station with assistance from one of the one or more candidate assisting nodes after transmitting the one or more reports.24.The method of claim 23, wherein:the one or more measurements include an energy harvesting measurement or a communication link measurement; andthe at least one signal comprises at least one of a continuous wave (CW) signal for the energy harvesting measurement or a RS for the communication link measurement.25.The method of claim 23, wherein:the one or more candidate assisting nodes comprise multiple candidate assisting nodes; andreceiving the at least one signal includes receiving signals from the multiple candidate assisting nodes during different measurement windows.26.The method of claim 23, wherein:the one or more candidate assisting nodes comprise multiple candidate assisting nodes; andthe one or more reports includes a report for each of the multiple candidate assisting nodes.27.The method of claim 23, wherein:the one or more candidate assisting nodes comprise multiple candidate assisting nodes; andthe one or more reports includes a report comprising the results of the one or more measurements for the multiple candidate assisting nodes.28.The method of claim 23, wherein:the one or more measurements includes an energy harvesting measurement and a communication link measurement; andthe one or more reports are transmitted in response to at least one of the energy harvesting measurement or the communication link measurement meeting a threshold.29.The method of claim 23, wherein the one or more reports are transmitted to the base station or an assisting node of the one or more candidate assisting node.30.The method of claim 23, wherein:the one or more measurements includes an energy harvesting measurement and a communication link measurement; anddifferent resources or a same resource is allocated for performing the energy harvesting measurement and the communication link measurement.
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