Nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting full-component biogas into near-alcohol gas mixture, and preparation method therefor and use thereof

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention are a nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting full-component biogas into a near-alcohol gas mixture, and a preparation method therefor and the use thereof. The preparation method for the nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst comprises the following steps: subjecting an organic nickel source, an organic cerium source, an organic lanthanum source, an organic magnesium source, an organic aluminum source and an organic calcium source to ball milling, then first performing oxidizing calcination, and then performing a reduction treatment to reduce an oxide of nickel into elemental nickel, so as to obtain the nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst, wherein the mass percentage of the elemental nickel in the nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst is 5-15%. In the nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst of the present invention, a high-entropy oxide formed by cerium, lanthanum, magnesium, aluminum and calcium has a large number of oxygen vacancies since same has a unique phase structure, a synergistic effect, a high-entropy effect and a lattice distortion effect, and the oxygen vacancies of the high-entropy oxide can supply elemental nickel with more active oxygen, thereby improving the catalytic stability and the biogas conversion rate of the catalyst when the catalyst is used for catalyzing the conversion of biogas into a near-alcohol gas mixture.

Description

Nickel-supported high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into suitable alcohol mixed gas, preparation method and application thereof Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy catalysis technology, and in particular to a nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas, as well as a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Today, the world's energy supply is primarily based on non-renewable fossil resources. With the rapid increase in population and economic growth, various resources have been exploited lavishly. While various fossil resources are still available for development and utilization, humanity is also concerned about the dwindling reserves of non-renewable fossil fuels. Nature possesses abundant biogas resources. Moreover, biogas is a green and sustainable resource, releasing far fewer harmful gases than equivalent fossil fuels. In the long term, with the reduction in the relative price of biogas compared to fossil fuels and advances in biogas utilization technology, biogas is expected to replace fossil fuels as a major energy source and chemical feedstock in the 21st century. Excessive CO2 concentrations generated by human activities have a significant negative impact on the climate and ecological balance. With the growing call for environmental protection, the rational utilization of CO2 generated by various energy sources, turning waste into valuable resources, has become a global concern.

[0003] With biogas becoming the third largest energy source after petroleum, replacing oil with gas is an inevitable trend in the future energy and chemical industry. Biogas, primarily composed of methane and carbon dioxide, is a green and easily portable energy source. Globally, 100 million tons of methane are emitted into the atmosphere annually through various pathways, with human activities accounting for approximately half of this total. Therefore, the rational and effective development and utilization of the methane and carbon dioxide in biogas has dual significance: it can effectively utilize resources and effectively control the greenhouse effect of methane, thereby reducing its impact on global warming.

[0004] Biogas can be processed into important chemical products. For example, biogas steam catalytic reforming can produce synthesis gas, which can be used to produce various hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing derivatives. Synthesis gas can also be further processed to produce pure hydrogen. Synthesis gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The molar ratio of CO to H₂ in syngas varies depending on the feedstock and conversion method. When the molar ratio of CO to H₂ is 1:2, the syngas is called a syngas mixture. This plays a vital role in carbon-to-chemicals and can be converted into liquid and gaseous fuels, bulk chemicals, and high-value-added fine organic chemicals. Using biogas as a raw material to produce syngas mixtures not only effectively reduces environmental pollution and the greenhouse effect, but also generates significant economic value.

[0005] In the research on catalytic conversion of biogas to suitable alcohol mixtures, precious metal catalysts, such as Pd and Pt, are currently widely used. Although precious metal catalysts have good catalytic stability and biogas conversion efficiency when catalyzing biogas to suitable alcohol mixtures, their high cost makes them difficult to promote and apply. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a method for preparing an inexpensive nickel-supported high-entropy oxide catalyst that can convert all biogas components into suitable alcohol mixtures, while exhibiting high catalytic stability and biogas conversion efficiency, and to use the resulting nickel-supported high-entropy oxide catalyst for catalytic conversion of biogas to suitable alcohol mixtures.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The primary purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of high cost of precious metal catalysts for catalyzing the conversion of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixture in the prior art, and to provide a nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixture. The nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixture is not only cheap and easy to obtain, but also has high catalytic stability and a high biogas conversion rate when catalyzing the conversion of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixture.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide a nickel-loaded high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas and to use the catalyst in preparing a suitable alcohol mixed gas.

[0010] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0011] The preparation method of nickel-loaded high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into alcohol mixed gas comprises the following steps:

[0012] An organic nickel source, an organic cerium source, an organic lanthanum source, an organic magnesium source, an organic aluminum source, and an organic calcium source are ball-milled, and then oxidatively calcined, followed by a reduction treatment to reduce nickel oxide to elemental nickel, thereby obtaining a nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas;

[0013] In the nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas, the mass percentage of nickel element is 5-15%.

[0014] In the present invention, organic cerium source, lanthanum source, magnesium source, aluminum source and calcium source will form high entropy oxides with a large specific surface area after oxidative calcination. When the nickel source is uniformly loaded on the organic cerium source, the nickel source is reduced to nickel element by reducing gas, thereby obtaining a nickel-loaded high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas.

[0015] In the nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixture, nickel is the catalytically active substance, and the high-entropy oxide is the co-catalytic substance. Moreover, the high-entropy oxide formed by cerium, lanthanum, magnesium, aluminum and calcium has a large number of oxygen vacancies due to its unique phase structure, synergistic effect, high-entropy effect and lattice distortion effect. The oxygen vacancies of the high-entropy oxide will assist the nickel element to produce more active oxygen, thereby improving the catalytic stability and biogas conversion rate of the nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixture when catalyzing the conversion of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixture.

[0016] It is worth noting that the oxygen vacancies of the high-entropy oxide in the nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixture can only play a role in the presence of Ni element, promoting the production of more active oxygen to catalyze the conversion of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixture.

[0017] In addition, the reason why the high entropy oxides of the present invention are selected from rare earth metals cerium, lanthanum and alkaline earth metals magnesium and calcium is that rare earth metals and alkaline earth metals can increase the alkalinity of the catalyst, promote the adsorption and dissociation of CO2, and eliminate the carbon deposition and sintering problems in the process of catalyzing the conversion of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixture, thereby enhancing the catalytic activity, stability and anti-carbon deposition performance of the catalyst.

[0018] In addition, the present invention uniformly disperses the active components by ball milling the organic nickel source, cerium source, lanthanum source, magnesium source, aluminum source and calcium source, thereby enhancing the interaction between the active components and facilitating the formation of a uniform and stable nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas, thereby improving the catalytic stability and biogas conversion rate of the nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas when catalyzing the conversion of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas.

[0019] The reduction treatment can not only reduce nickel oxide to elemental nickel, but also further activate the high entropy effect and lattice distortion effect of high entropy oxides formed by organic cerium source, lanthanum source, magnesium source, aluminum source and calcium source, thereby further increasing the number of oxygen vacancies in the nickel-loaded high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into suitable alcohol mixture, promoting the nickel-loaded high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into suitable alcohol mixture to produce more active oxygen, thereby improving the catalytic stability and biogas conversion rate of the nickel-loaded high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into suitable alcohol mixture when catalyzing biogas into suitable alcohol mixture.

[0020] Moreover, the reason why the present invention selects organic nickel sources, cerium sources, lanthanum sources, magnesium sources, aluminum sources and calcium sources instead of inorganic nickel sources, cerium sources, lanthanum sources, magnesium sources, aluminum sources and calcium sources including metal oxides and metal nitrates is that if metal oxides of nickel, cerium, lanthanum, magnesium, aluminum and calcium are selected, a high temperature far exceeding 800°C is required to break the chemical bonds within the single metal oxide and enable the single metal oxide to react with other types of metal oxides to form high-entropy oxides; if inorganic salts such as metal nitrates of nickel, cerium, lanthanum, magnesium, aluminum and calcium are selected, a dense and uniform mixture state cannot be obtained after ball milling, which is not conducive to the dispersion and uniform distribution of nickel in the nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas, thereby affecting the catalytic stability and biogas conversion rate of the nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas when catalyzing biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas.

[0021] The high entropy oxide of the present invention refers to an oxide with a single structure obtained by solid-dissolving five or more metal elements in an equimolar or nearly molar ratio.

[0022] The alcohol mixed gas mentioned in the present invention refers to the synthesis gas with a molar ratio of CO to H2 of 1:2.

[0023] The biogas or all biogas components mentioned in the present invention refer to a mixed gas containing CH4 and CO2.

[0024] The biogas conversion rate of the present invention is the methane (CH4) conversion rate and the carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion rate.

[0025] Specifically, the mass percentage of nickel in the nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into alcohol mixed gas is 8-12%.

[0026] Specifically, the temperature of the oxidative calcination is 500-700°C.

[0027] Specifically, the heating rate of the oxidative calcination is 3-5°C / min.

[0028] Specifically, the oxidative calcination is performed in an atmosphere containing oxygen gas.

[0029] Furthermore, the oxygen-containing gas is air.

[0030] Specifically, the reduction treatment is a reduction calcination treatment performed in a reducing gas atmosphere.

[0031] Furthermore, the reduction calcination temperature is 750-850°C.

[0032] Furthermore, the reduction calcination time is 1 to 3 hours.

[0033] Furthermore, the reducing gas is one or more of hydrogen, hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, hydrogen-argon mixed gas or hydrogen-helium mixed gas.

[0034] In the present invention, the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas may be a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas with a hydrogen gas volume fraction of 5%.

[0035] Specifically, the ball milling time is 8 to 12 hours.

[0036] Specifically, the rotation speed of the ball mill is 400-600 rpm.

[0037] Specifically, the organic nickel source, organic cerium source, organic lanthanum source, organic magnesium source, organic aluminum source and organic calcium source are one or more of acetates, acetylacetonates or isopropoxides of nickel, cerium, lanthanum, magnesium, aluminum and calcium.

[0038] The use of the nickel-loaded high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into suitable alcohol mixed gas in the preparation of suitable alcohol mixed gas should also be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] A method for preparing a suitable alcohol mixed gas comprises the following steps:

[0040] The nickel-loaded high entropy oxide catalyst used to convert all components of the biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas catalyzes the reaction of CH4, CO2 and water to generate a suitable alcohol mixed gas.

[0041] Specifically, the reaction temperature is 700-800°C.

[0042] Specifically, the volume ratio of CH4 and CO2 is (6-7):(3-4).

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] In the nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas of the present invention, nickel element is a catalytically active substance, high-entropy oxide is a co-catalytic substance, and the high-entropy oxide formed by cerium, lanthanum, magnesium, aluminum and calcium has a large number of oxygen vacancies due to its unique phase structure, synergistic effect, high-entropy effect and lattice distortion effect. The oxygen vacancies of the high-entropy oxide will assist the nickel element in generating more active oxygen, thereby improving the catalytic stability and biogas conversion rate of the nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas when catalyzing the conversion of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] FIG1 is a TEM image of the nickel-loaded high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas in Example 1.

[0046] FIG2 is a graph showing the conversion rate and H2 / CO molar ratio of the nickel-supported high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixture at different times in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The present invention is further described below with reference to the examples. These examples are intended to illustrate the present invention only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Experimental methods in the following examples where specific conditions are not specified are generally performed in accordance with conventional conditions in the art or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer; the raw materials and reagents used, unless otherwise specified, are all commercially available from conventional markets. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.

[0048] In the present invention, the mass percentage of nickel in the nickel-loaded high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas is measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ICP-MS.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] This embodiment provides a nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas, and the preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0051] 0.83 g of nickel acetate, 0.95 g (0.003 mol) of cerium acetate, 0.95 g (0.003 mol) of lanthanum acetate, 0.43 (0.003 mol) of magnesium acetate, 0.61 g (0.003 mol) of aluminum acetate and 0.48 g (0.003 mol) of calcium acetate were ball milled at a speed of 600 rpm for 8 hours, and then heated to 550° C. at a heating rate of 5° C. / min in a muffle furnace under an air atmosphere, oxidized and calcined for 4 hours, and then reduced and calcined at 800° C. for 2 hours in a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas atmosphere with a hydrogen volume fraction of 5%, to obtain a nickel-supported high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas;

[0052] The molar ratio of cerium acetate, lanthanum acetate, magnesium acetate, aluminum acetate and calcium acetate is 1:1:1:1:1, that is, the molar ratio of cerium, lanthanum, magnesium, aluminum and calcium metal elements is 1:1:1:1:1; in the nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas, the mass percentage of nickel element is 10%.

[0053] Examples 2 to 5

[0054] Examples 2 to 5 provide different nickel-supported high-entropy oxide catalysts for converting all biogas components into suitable alcohol mixtures. The difference from Example 1 is that the amount of nickel acetate used is different. The different amounts of nickel acetate lead to different mass percentages of nickel in the nickel-supported high-entropy oxide catalysts for converting all biogas components into suitable alcohol mixtures. The rest are consistent with Example 1, as shown in the following table:

[0055] Table 1 Nickel acetate dosage of Examples 1 to 5 and nickel-supported high entropy oxide catalyst for conversion of all biogas components into alcohol mixed gas

[0056] Mass percentage of nickel element

[0057] Examples 6 to 8

[0058] Examples 6 to 8 provide different nickel-supported high-entropy oxide catalysts for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas. The difference from Example 1 is that the oxidation calcination temperature is different. The rest is consistent with Example 1, as shown in the following table:

[0059] Table 2 Temperature of oxidation calcination of Examples 1 and 6 to 8

[0060] Comparative Example 1

[0061] This comparative example provides a high entropy oxide catalyst, which differs from Example 1 in that 0.83 g of nickel acetate is not added, and the rest is consistent with Example 1.

[0062] Comparative Example 2

[0063] This comparative example provides a nickel-supported catalyst, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

[0064] 0.011 g of nickel oxide, 0.2024 g (0.001176 mol) of cerium oxide, 0.1916 g (0.000588 mol) of lanthanum oxide, 0.0474 g (0.001176 mol) of magnesium oxide, 0.0600 g (0.000588 mol) of aluminum oxide and 0.0660 g (0.001176 mol) of calcium oxide were ball milled at a speed of 600 rpm for 6 hours, and then heated to 800° C. at a heating rate of 5° C. / min in a muffle furnace under an air atmosphere, oxidized and calcined for 4 hours, and then reduced and calcined at 800° C. for 2 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere with a volume fraction of 5% to obtain a nickel-supported catalyst;

[0065] The molar ratio of cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide and calcium oxide is 2:1:2:1:2, that is, the molar ratio of the metal elements cerium, lanthanum, magnesium, aluminum and calcium is 1:1:1:1:1.

[0066] In the nickel-loaded catalyst of this comparative example, the calcination temperature of 800°C is not enough to break the chemical bonds within a single metal oxide (cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide or calcium oxide), so that the single metal oxide reacts with other types of metal oxides to form high-entropy oxides. In other words, the cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide and calcium oxide in this comparative example cannot synthesize high-entropy oxides, and a nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas with high-entropy oxides cannot be obtained.

[0067] Sample characterization

[0068] Figure 1 is a TEM image of the nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for the conversion of all biogas components into a suitable alcohol mixture in Example 1. As shown in Figure 1 , elemental nickel particles are evenly distributed on the surface of the reduced nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide, indicating that elemental nickel has excellent dispersibility in the nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide.

[0069] The TEM images of the nickel-supported high entropy oxide catalysts for converting all components of biogas into suitable alcohol mixed gas in Examples 2 to 8 are similar to those in Example 1.

[0070] Performance Testing

[0071] The catalysts of the examples and comparative examples were used to catalyze the conversion of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixture, and the catalytic stability test was carried out by extending the reaction time. The experimental results are shown in Table 3, where:

[0072] (1) Experiment on catalytic conversion of biogas into alcohol-containing mixed gas

[0073] 0.2 g of the catalyst of each embodiment or comparative example was placed in a reactor, and CH4, CO2 and nitrogen were continuously introduced into the reactor in a volume ratio of 30:20:10. At the same time, liquid water was injected into the reactor at a flow rate of 0.029 mL / h through a syringe pump. The reaction was carried out at 750° C. to obtain a suitable alcohol mixture. The generated suitable alcohol mixture was passed through a gas-liquid separator to remove residual water vapor, and then detected by gas chromatography. Gas chromatography revealed that the suitable alcohol mixture contained H2 and CO, and then gas chromatography was used to continuously track the content of each gas in the suitable alcohol mixture.

[0074] (2) Catalytic stability test

[0075] The stability of the catalysts of each embodiment or comparative example is characterized by comparing their initial activity (CH4 / CO2 conversion rate, % / %) when reacted at 750°C and their final activity (CH4 / CO2 conversion rate, % / %) after 100h or 500h of reaction. The closer the values ​​of the initial activity and the final activity are, the better the stability of the catalyst.

[0076] (3) Biogas conversion rate

[0077] The biogas conversion rate in the present invention refers to the CH4 conversion rate and the CO2 conversion rate.

[0078] In the above formula, (CH4 / N2) 进 Refers to the volume ratio of CH4 and N2 introduced into the reactor before the reaction, (CH4 / N2) 出 Refers to the volume ratio of CH4 and N2 remaining after the reaction; (CO2 / N2) 进 Refers to the volume ratio of CO2 and N2 introduced into the reactor before the reaction, (CO2 / N2) 出 It refers to the volume ratio of CO2 and N2 remaining after the reaction.

[0079] Table 3 Performance test results of various embodiments and comparative examples

[0080] Note: In the above table, “CH4 / CO2 conversion rate” refers to CH4 conversion rate / CO2 conversion rate.

[0081] From Table 3 we can see that:

[0082] (1) The nickel-loaded high-entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas of the present invention has high catalytic stability and high biogas conversion rate when catalyzing biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas;

[0083] (2) When the mass percentage of nickel is 8-12%, the nickel-loaded high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all biogas components into alcohol mixed gas has higher catalytic stability and biogas conversion rate;

[0084] (3) When the mass percentage of nickel is 10%, the final activity (94 / 59%) of the nickel-supported high-entropy oxide catalyst for the conversion of all biogas components to a suitable alcohol mixture after 500 h of catalytic biogas conversion to a suitable alcohol mixture is almost the same as its initial activity (95 / 60%), indicating that the nickel-supported high-entropy oxide catalyst for the conversion of all biogas components to a suitable alcohol mixture has high catalytic stability;

[0085] (4) By comparing Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, it was found that the high entropy oxide catalyst without nickel element could not catalyze the conversion of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixture. This is because the oxygen vacancies of the high entropy oxide in the nickel-loaded high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixture can only play a role in the presence of nickel element, promoting the production of more active oxygen to catalyze the conversion of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixture.

[0086] Figure 2 shows the conversion rate and H2 / CO molar ratio of the nickel-supported high-entropy oxide catalyst used in Example 1 for converting all biogas components into a suitable alcohol mixture at different times. As shown in Figure 2, the nickel-supported high-entropy oxide catalyst used in Example 1 for converting all biogas components into a suitable alcohol mixture catalyzed the conversion of biogas (CH4 and CO2) into a suitable alcohol gas with an H2 / CO molar ratio of 2. Furthermore, within 500 hours, the average CH4 conversion rate was 95%, and the average CO2 conversion rate was 60%. This indicates that the nickel-supported high-entropy oxide catalyst used in Example 1 for converting all biogas components into a suitable alcohol mixture has excellent catalytic activity, high catalytic stability, and high biogas conversion rate.

[0087] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for the purpose of clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nickel-supported high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas, characterized in that: The preparation method thereof comprises the following steps: The organic nickel source, organic cerium source, organic lanthanum source, organic magnesium source, organic aluminum source and organic calcium source are ball-milled, and then oxidatively calcined, and then reduced to nickel elemental substance, thereby obtaining a nickel-loaded high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas; In the nickel-loaded high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into suitable alcohol mixed gas, the mass percentage of nickel element is 5-15%.

2. The nickel-supported high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into alcohol mixed gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the nickel-loaded high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into suitable alcohol mixed gas, the mass percentage of nickel element is 8-12%.

3. The nickel-supported high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into alcohol mixed gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic nickel source, organic cerium source, organic lanthanum source, organic magnesium source, organic aluminum source and organic calcium source are one or more of acetate, acetylacetonate or isopropoxide of nickel, cerium, lanthanum, magnesium, aluminum and calcium.

4. The nickel-supported high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into alcohol mixed gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the oxidation calcination is 500-700°C.

5. The nickel-supported high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into alcohol mixed gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oxidative calcination is performed in an atmosphere containing oxygen.

6. The nickel-supported high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into alcohol mixed gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reduction treatment is a reduction calcination treatment performed in a reducing gas atmosphere.

7. The nickel-supported high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into alcohol mixed gas according to claim 6, characterized in that: The reducing gas is one or more of hydrogen, hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, hydrogen-argon mixed gas or hydrogen-helium mixed gas.

8. The nickel-supported high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into a suitable alcohol mixed gas according to claim 6, characterized in that: The temperature of the reduction calcination is 750-850°C.

9. Use of the nickel-supported high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into suitable alcohol mixed gas as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 in preparing suitable alcohol mixed gas.

10. A method for preparing a suitable alcohol mixed gas, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The nickel-loaded high entropy oxide catalyst for converting all components of biogas into suitable alcohol mixed gas as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 catalyzes the reaction of CH4, CO2 and water to generate a suitable alcohol mixed gas.

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