Hydrogen fueling station based on low-temperature and high-pressure staged hydrogen storage, and hydrogen filling method thereof

Abstract

A hydrogen fueling station based on low-temperature and high-pressure staged hydrogen storage, comprising: a liquid hydrogen storage tank (1); hydrogen storage containers (6), wherein n hydrogen storage containers (6) are provided, n≥2, and the hydrogen storage containers (6) are low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage containers; booster pumps (2, 3) and high-pressure carburetors (4, 5), arranged between the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and the hydrogen storage containers (6), wherein the temperature value of hydrogen stored in each hydrogen storage container (6) is Tn, and the highest pressure value is Pn, wherein when n=2, T1<T2 and P1<P2, and when n≥3, T1<...<T(n-1)<Tn and P1<...<P(n-1)<Pn; a hydrogen fueling machine (8); and a main filling pipeline (9), configured to communicate the hydrogen storage containers (6) with the hydrogen fueling machine (8) and provided with a filling controller (7), wherein the filling controller (7) is configured to sequentially control, in an ascending order of temperature values, the corresponding hydrogen storage containers (6) to be communicated with the hydrogen fueling machine (8) so that the corresponding hydrogen storage containers (6) are involved in filling operation. Also disclosed is a hydrogen filling method based on the hydrogen fueling station.

Description

A hydrogen filling station based on low-temperature and high-pressure graded hydrogen storage and a hydrogen filling method thereof Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of hydrogen energy, and specifically to a hydrogen refueling station based on low-temperature and high-pressure graded hydrogen storage and a hydrogen refueling method thereof. Background Art

[0002] A hydrogen refueling station is a special place for filling hydrogen fuel into hydrogen storage bottles of hydrogen vehicles. It is one of the necessary infrastructures for the commercial development of hydrogen vehicles. At present, external hydrogen refueling stations can be mainly divided into high-pressure hydrogen storage and transportation refueling stations and low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage and transportation refueling stations according to the state of hydrogen during transportation. Among them, the refueling pressure levels of high-pressure hydrogen storage and transportation refueling stations mainly include 35MPa and 70MPa, and the relevant technology is relatively mature. Under the conditions of 293k and 70MPa, the density of hydrogen is 39.706kg / m 3 At present, the refueling pressure level of domestic hydrogen refueling stations is still mainly 35MPa. Low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage and transportation hydrogen refueling stations use liquid hydrogen tankers to transport liquid hydrogen produced centrally outside the station to the station and store it in liquid hydrogen storage tanks inside the station.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides a hydrogen refueling station based on low-temperature and high-pressure graded hydrogen storage and a hydrogen refueling method thereof.

[0005] The embodiment of the present application provides a hydrogen refueling station based on low-temperature and high-pressure staged hydrogen storage, comprising: a liquid hydrogen storage tank; a hydrogen storage container, wherein the number of the hydrogen storage containers is n, n ≥ 2, and the hydrogen storage containers are low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage containers; a booster pump and a high-pressure vaporizer, which are arranged between the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen storage container, wherein the booster pump is used to pressurize the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid hydrogen output from the liquid hydrogen storage tank into low-temperature and high-pressure liquid hydrogen, and the high-pressure vaporizer is used to vaporize the low-temperature and high-pressure liquid hydrogen output from the booster pump into low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas, and adjust the temperature of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas to a set temperature, and store the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage container; wherein the temperature value of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage container is T n , the maximum pressure value is P n , when n=2, T1<T2, P1<P2; when n≥3, T1<…<T (n-1) <T n , P1<…<P (n-1) <P n ; Hydrogen refueling machine; A main filling pipeline is configured to connect the hydrogen storage container and the hydrogen refueling machine, and is provided with a filling controller; wherein, the filling controller is configured to control the corresponding hydrogen storage container and the hydrogen refueling machine to be connected in sequence according to the temperature value from low to high to participate in the filling operation.

[0006] In some embodiments, -60°C≤T n ≤-45℃,40MPa≤P n ≤95MPa.

[0007] In some embodiments, n=3, -60°C≤T1<-55°C, -55°C≤T2<-50°C, -50°C≤T3≤-45°C; 40 MPa≤P1<50 MPa, 60 MPa≤P2<70 MPa, 80 MPa≤P3≤95 MPa.

[0008] In some embodiments, when the design pressure of the hydrogen storage container is between 45 MPa and 50 MPa, the design volume is between 5 m 3 Up to 8m 3 between.

[0009] In some embodiments, when the design pressure of the hydrogen storage container is above 65 MPa, the design volume is 3m 3 Up to 5m 3 between.

[0010] In some embodiments, the hydrogen storage container includes: an inner cylinder; and a tape layer formed by steel tapes alternately wound around the outer surface of the inner cylinder.

[0011] In some embodiments, the hydrogen storage container further includes a protective shell, which is sleeved on the outside of the inner cylinder and the tape layer; and a reinforcing hoop, which is fixed to the tape layer.

[0012] In some embodiments, the hydrogen storage container further includes a head; which includes: an inner head, wherein the inner head is fixed to the end of the winding layer and the inner cylinder; and an outer head, wherein the outer head is fixed to the end of the winding layer and the reinforcing hoop.

[0013] In some embodiments, the hydrogen storage container further includes a heat-insulating layer disposed outside the protective shell and the head.

[0014] In some embodiments, an electric heating component is provided in the hydrogen storage container, and the electric heating component includes a heat exchange tube and a heating wire provided inside the heat exchange tube.

[0015] In some embodiments, the heat exchange tube is positioned on the inner wall of the inner cylinder, and both ends of the heating wire are provided with leads extending out of the hydrogen storage container.

[0016] In some embodiments, a heat-conducting medium is filled between the inner wall of the heat exchange tube and the heating wire.

[0017] In some embodiments, based on the order of the pressure values ​​of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen stored inside, the two adjacent hydrogen storage containers are the first high-pressure tank and the second high-pressure tank, and the pressure value of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen stored inside the first high-pressure tank is less than the pressure value of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen stored inside the second high-pressure tank.

[0018] In some embodiments, the main filling pipeline includes: a first filling pipeline located between the hydrogen storage container and the filling controller; and a collecting pipeline located between the filling controller and the hydrogen filling machine.

[0019] In some embodiments, a second filling line is provided between the first high-pressure tank and the second high-pressure tank, and the second filling line is connected to a filling controller, and the filling controller is configured to control the hydrogen storage container to select to be connected to the collecting line through the first filling line or the second filling line.

[0020] In some embodiments, the second filling pipeline is provided with an ejector, which has an induced fluid inlet connected to the first high-pressure tank, a working fluid inlet connected to the second high-pressure tank, and an injection port connected to the filling controller, so that the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen output by the second high-pressure tank drives the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen output by the first high-pressure tank to be ejected from the injection port together.

[0021] In some embodiments, the hydrogenator is provided with a high-pressure electric heater, and the high-pressure electric heater is used to heat the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen flowing into the hydrogenator.

[0022] In addition, an embodiment of the present application further provides a hydrogen filling method, which is implemented using a hydrogen filling station based on low-temperature and high-pressure staged hydrogen storage as described in any of the aforementioned embodiments, and is used to fill a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle with hydrogen, wherein the hydrogen filling method includes the following steps:

[0023] S100: Controlling the hydrogen storage container storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T1 and a maximum pressure value of P1 to be connected to the hydrogen filling machine through the filling controller to pre-cool the main filling pipeline and subsequent pipelines and perform the filling operation;

[0024] S200: When the internal pressure of the hydrogen storage container storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T1 and a maximum pressure value of P1 drops to less than the sum of the back pressure of the hydrogen refueling machine and the set switching pressure difference value, the next hydrogen storage container is controlled to be connected to the hydrogen refueling machine in order of temperature values ​​from low to high for refueling;

[0025] S300: Utilize the remaining hydrogen storage containers in the manner of step S200 until the filling operation is completed or the internal pressure values ​​of all hydrogen storage containers drop to less than the sum of the back pressure of the hydrogen filling machine and the set switching pressure difference value.

[0026] In addition, an embodiment of the present application further provides a hydrogen filling method, which is implemented using a hydrogen filling station based on low-temperature and high-pressure staged hydrogen storage as described in the above embodiment, and is used to fill a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank with hydrogen, wherein the hydrogen filling method includes the following steps:

[0027] S400: Controlling, by means of a filling controller, a hydrogen storage container storing hydrogen gas having a temperature value of T1 and a maximum pressure value of P1 to connect the first filling pipeline to the aggregation pipeline and perform filling, so as to pre-cool the main filling pipeline and subsequent pipelines and perform a filling operation;

[0028] S500: When the internal pressure of the hydrogen storage container storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T1 and a maximum pressure value of P1 drops to less than the sum of the back pressure of the hydrogen refueling machine and the set switching pressure difference value, the hydrogen storage container storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T1 and a maximum pressure value of P1 and the hydrogen storage container storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T2 and a maximum pressure value of P2 are controlled by the refueling controller to selectively connect the second refueling pipeline with the aggregation pipeline and refuel, so as to improve the hydrogen utilization rate in the hydrogen storage container storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T1 and a maximum pressure value of P1;

[0029] S600: When the pressure value of the injection port is less than the sum of the back pressure of the hydrogen refueling machine and the set switching pressure difference value, the hydrogen storage container storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T2 and a maximum pressure value of P2 is controlled by the refueling controller to be connected to the collecting pipeline through the first refueling pipeline and refuel;

[0030] S700: Utilize the remaining hydrogen storage containers in the manner of steps S500 and S600 until the filling operation is completed or the internal pressure values ​​of all hydrogen storage containers drop to less than the sum of the back pressure of the hydrogen filling machine and the set switching pressure difference value.

[0031] These features and advantages of this application will be disclosed in detail in the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. The best embodiments or means of this application will be fully illustrated in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but this does not limit the technical solutions of this application. Furthermore, although there may be multiple features, elements, and components in each of the following text and accompanying drawings, different symbols or numbers may be used for convenience, but all represent components with the same or similar structure or function. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The present application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0033] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen refueling station based on low-temperature and high-pressure staged hydrogen storage provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] FIG2 is a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen storage container of the hydrogen refueling station shown in FIG1 ;

[0035] FIG3 is a cross-sectional view of the electric heating assembly of the hydrogen refueling station shown in FIG1 ;

[0036] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen refueling station based on low-temperature and high-pressure staged hydrogen storage provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Among them, 1. Liquid hydrogen storage tank, 2. First booster pump, 3. Second booster pump, 4. First high-pressure vaporizer, 5. Second high-pressure vaporizer, 6. Hydrogen storage container, 60. First hydrogen storage container, 61. Second hydrogen storage container, 62. Third hydrogen storage container, 63. Inner cylinder, 64. Winding layer, 65. Protective shell, 66. Head, 660. Inner head, 661. Outer head, 662. Head seat, 663. Reinforcement hoop, 6 7. Insulation layer, 670. Sensor interface, 68. Electric heating assembly, 680. Heat exchange tube, 681. Heating wire, 6811. Lead, 682. Thermal medium, 69. Saddle, 7. Filling controller, 8. Hydrogenator, 80. High-pressure electric heater, 9. Main filling line, 90. Collection line, 91. First filling line, 10. Second filling line, 100. First injector, 101. Second injector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described in the embodiments are intended to be used to explain the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.

[0039] References in this specification to "one embodiment," "an example," or "an example" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment itself can be included in at least one embodiment disclosed herein. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.

[0040] In order to improve the vehicle's endurance, hydrogen passenger cars and commercial vehicles (such as buses and heavy trucks) are all developing towards a pressure level of 70MPa. Among existing products, the hydrogen storage capacity of hydrogen buses and heavy trucks can reach 30 to 40kg. The rapid development of the hydrogen vehicle market has put higher demands on the daily refueling capacity and hydrogen refueling costs of hydrogen refueling stations. However, the method of transporting hydrogen by long-tube trailers is limited by the transportation distance, and the fixed hydrogen storage capacity in the station is relatively limited, which directly affects the daily hydrogen refueling capacity of the hydrogen refueling station. In addition, the operating energy consumption and maintenance costs of equipment such as hydrogen compressors and refrigerators are high, resulting in high operating costs.

[0041] The density of saturated liquid hydrogen is about 70.848 kg / m 3, which is about 1.78 times the density of hydrogen at 293K and 70Mpa. In addition, under the premise of occupying the same space, the use of liquid hydrogen storage in the station can achieve a higher hydrogen storage capacity than the high-pressure hydrogen storage, thereby effectively improving the daily refueling capacity of the hydrogen refueling station. The mainstream refueling method of existing low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage and transportation hydrogen refueling stations adopts a thermal management method that first converts low-temperature hydrogen into room-temperature hydrogen and then cools the room-temperature hydrogen by pre-cooling. This refueling method completely wastes the cold energy carried by the liquid hydrogen itself, and subsequently consumes energy to make the hydrogen obtain cold energy. Therefore, there is a significant waste of energy, which affects the improvement of the overall economic efficiency of the liquid hydrogen refueling station.

[0042] In order to solve this technical problem, the following method is generally adopted: a portion of the liquid hydrogen is first converted into room temperature hydrogen according to the existing method, and then the cold energy carried by the other portion of the liquid hydrogen is used to pre-cool the aforementioned room temperature hydrogen, thereby eliminating the need for a pre-cooling device for pre-cooling the hydrogen before filling, saving costs and reducing the waste of liquid hydrogen cold energy. Although the above scheme uses part of the cold energy of liquid hydrogen to replace the pre-cooling function of the pre-cooling device to a certain extent, it requires the installation of a liquid hydrogen circulation unit, which also requires a certain amount of cost. More importantly, this method can only utilize a small portion of the cold energy of liquid hydrogen, and there is still a large amount of cold energy wasted.

[0043] The embodiment of the present application provides a hydrogen refueling station based on low-temperature and high-pressure staged hydrogen storage. As shown in Figure 1, the hydrogen refueling station includes a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a hydrogen storage container 6, and a hydrogen refueling machine 8 that are connected in sequence. An external liquid hydrogen tanker transports liquid hydrogen to the hydrogen refueling station and transports it to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1. The liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is used to transport liquid hydrogen to the hydrogen storage container 6 (the form of liquid hydrogen will change during this process. In the related art, low-temperature liquid hydrogen is converted into room-temperature hydrogen). The hydrogen storage container 6 then transports hydrogen to the hydrogen refueling machine 8, which is used to perform hydrogen filling operations on the on-board hydrogen storage bottle. There are three hydrogen storage containers 6 in the embodiment of the present application, namely a first hydrogen storage container 60, a second hydrogen storage container 61, and a third hydrogen storage container 62. The number of hydrogen storage containers 6 can be adjusted accordingly according to market demand and the scale of the hydrogen refueling station. The hydrogen refueling station in the embodiment of the present application stores hydrogen in stages, so the number of hydrogen storage containers must be at least two. In some embodiments, the inner container of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 can be made of austenitic stainless steel, aluminum alloy or other materials, and a high vacuum multi-layer insulation material is provided outside the inner container.

[0044] The hydrogen storage container 6 is connected to the hydrogen filling machine 8 through the main filling pipeline 9, and the main filling pipeline 9 is provided with a filling controller 7. The main filling pipeline 9 includes a first filling pipeline 91 located between the hydrogen storage container 6 and the filling controller 7 and a collection pipeline 90 located between the filling controller 7 and the hydrogen filling machine 8. In some embodiments, the main filling pipeline 9 can be made of materials such as austenitic stainless steel. The materials of the first filling pipeline 91 and the collection pipeline 90 can be the same or different. The working principle of the filling controller 7 is briefly introduced as follows: an electric control valve is respectively provided for each hydrogen storage container 6 in the first filling pipeline 91. The electric control valve is electrically connected to the filling controller 7 and is opened and closed by the filling controller 7. Therefore, the filling controller 7 can control the corresponding hydrogen storage container 6 to be connected to the collection pipeline 90 and participate in the filling operation by controlling the electric control valve.

[0045] The improvement made in the hydrogen refueling station provided in the embodiment of the present application is that the hydrogen storage container 6 used is a low-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen storage container 6. Accordingly, a booster pump and a high-pressure vaporizer are provided between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the hydrogen storage container 6. The booster pump is used to pressurize the low-temperature, low-pressure liquid hydrogen output from the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 into low-temperature, high-pressure liquid hydrogen. The high-pressure vaporizer is used to vaporize the low-temperature, high-pressure liquid hydrogen output from the booster pump into low-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen gas, adjust the temperature of the low-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen gas to a set temperature, and store the low-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage container 6. The booster pump is used to pressurize the low-temperature, low-pressure liquid hydrogen into low-temperature, high-pressure liquid hydrogen to facilitate subsequent hydrogen refueling operations (the maximum pressure of the refueled hydrogen must be higher than the nominal working pressure of the on-board hydrogen storage bottle).

[0046] High-pressure vaporizers generally directly vaporize low-temperature, high-pressure liquid hydrogen into normal-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen. In the embodiments of the present application, a high-pressure vaporizer is used to convert low-temperature, high-pressure liquid hydrogen into low-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen. By storing high-pressure hydrogen in a graded manner according to temperature and pressure values ​​and keeping it in a low-temperature state, it is not necessary to convert low-temperature liquid hydrogen into normal-temperature hydrogen. Instead, low-temperature liquid hydrogen can be converted into low-temperature hydrogen, which can significantly reduce the waste of cooling capacity. In addition, in the present application, all hydrogen involved in the filling is low-temperature hydrogen obtained by conversion from liquid hydrogen, rather than partial conversion of liquid hydrogen to obtain normal-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen, and then using the cooling capacity carried by part of the liquid hydrogen to pre-cool the aforementioned normal-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen. Therefore, the present application wastes less cooling capacity and can thereby reduce the use of cooling cycle units, further reducing costs.

[0047] In addition, for the convenience of description, the temperature of the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage container 6 is referred to as T n , the maximum pressure value is called P nIn the embodiment of the present application, three hydrogen storage containers 6 are provided, and the corresponding n=3. That is, the temperature value of the first hydrogen storage container 60 is T1 and the maximum pressure value is P1, the temperature value of the second hydrogen storage container 61 is T2 and the maximum pressure value is P2, and the temperature value of the third hydrogen storage container 62 is T3 and the maximum pressure value is P3. The hydrogen refueling station provided in the embodiment of the present application provides hierarchical hydrogen storage. Specifically, T1<T2<T3, P1<P2<P3, and the refueling controller 7 is configured to control the corresponding hydrogen storage containers 6 and hydrogen refueling machine 8 to connect in order of temperature values ​​from low to high to participate in the refueling operation.

[0048] The corresponding hydrogen storage containers 6 and hydrogen filling machines 8 are controlled to be connected in order of temperature values ​​from low to high to participate in the filling operation. The low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen storage container 6 with the lowest temperature can be used to pre-cool the main filling pipeline 9 and subsequent pipelines, so that the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen in other subsequent hydrogen storage containers 6 will not lose much cold when passing through the main filling pipeline 9, which can improve the control accuracy of the filling hydrogen temperature.

[0049] As mentioned above, the number of hydrogen storage containers can be adaptively adjusted. Therefore, in other different embodiments, when n=2, T1<T2, P1<P2; ​​when n≥3, T1<…<T (n-1) <T n , P1<…<P (n-1) <P n .

[0050] In the embodiment of the present application, there are two boost pumps, namely the first boost pump 2 and the second boost pump 3, and the corresponding high-pressure vaporizers are the first high-pressure vaporizer 4 and the second high-pressure vaporizer 5. The liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is connected to the first boost pump 2 and the second boost pump 3 through a pipeline, and an electrically controlled valve is provided on the pipeline. The first boost pump 2 and the first high-pressure vaporizer 4 are connected through a pipeline, and the second boost pump 3 and the second high-pressure vaporizer 5 are connected through a pipeline, and a one-way valve is provided on the pipeline. The first high-pressure vaporizer 4 is connected to the first hydrogen storage container 60 through a pipeline, and the second high-pressure vaporizer 5 is connected to the second hydrogen storage container 61 and the third hydrogen storage container 62 through a pipeline, and an electrically controlled valve is provided on the pipeline. The first hydrogen storage container 60, the second hydrogen storage container 61 and the third hydrogen storage container 62 are all connected to the first filling pipeline 91, and the first filling pipeline 91 is provided with an electrically controlled valve.

[0051] When it is necessary to inflate (replenish) gas into the first hydrogen storage container 60, by opening the corresponding electrically controlled valve, liquid hydrogen is output from the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and enters the first hydrogen storage container 60 through the first booster pump 2 and the first high-pressure vaporizer 4. The same applies when the second hydrogen storage container 61 and the third hydrogen storage container 62 need to be inflated (replenished). Two booster pumps and high-pressure vaporizers are provided because the maximum pressure and temperature values ​​of the hydrogen storage container 6 are different, and the corresponding working parameters of the booster pump and high-pressure vaporizer are different. Therefore, the first hydrogen storage container 60 can use a single booster pump and high-pressure vaporizer that can provide it with the required hydrogen, which can reduce costs.

[0052] In some embodiments, the design temperature range and design pressure range of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage container 6 are as follows: -60°C ≤ T1 < -55°C, -55°C ≤ T2 < -50°C, -50°C ≤ T3 ≤ -45°C; 40MPa ≤ P1 < 50MPa, 60MPa ≤ P2 < 70MPa, 80MPa ≤ P3 ≤ 95MPa. Of course, in other embodiments, the number of hydrogen storage containers and the corresponding temperature value and maximum pressure value of each hydrogen storage container can also be adjusted, but the temperature range and pressure range generally need to meet the following conditions: -60°C ≤ T n ≤-45℃,40MPa≤P n ≤95MPa. This pressure range and the upper limit of the temperature are based on the refueling operating parameter requirements of the hydrogen refueling machine, while the lower limit of the temperature is the result of simulation research, considering multiple angles, including "the process of converting liquid hydrogen to low-temperature hydrogen," "the insulation capacity of the hydrogen storage container," "cost optimization of low-temperature materials for hydrogen storage tanks," "pre-cooling of the main refueling pipeline by low-temperature hydrogen," and "the refueling operating parameter requirements of the hydrogen refueling machine." In other words, setting the lower limit of the temperature to -60°C facilitates the conversion of liquid hydrogen to low-temperature hydrogen. The hydrogen storage container 6 designed in this application also has the ability to effectively insulate and maintain the low-temperature hydrogen at this temperature. At this temperature, the hydrogen can effectively pre-cool the main refueling pipeline 9 and meet the refueling operating parameter requirements upon reaching the hydrogen refueling machine 8. Furthermore, the manufacturing cost of a low-temperature hydrogen storage container will not be significantly higher than that of a normal-temperature hydrogen storage container.

[0053] In some embodiments, the design pressure of the first hydrogen storage container 60 is between 45 MPa and 50 MPa, and the corresponding design volume is 5 m 3 Up to 8m 3 The design pressure of the second hydrogen storage container 61 and the third hydrogen storage container 62 is above 65MPa, and its design volume is 3m 3 Up to 5m 3 The low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage container 6 of the present application is a relatively large container, which is used in a hydrogen refueling station, specifically for refilling hydrogen into a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle.

[0054] Because the hydrogen storage container 6 in the embodiments of the present application needs to store low-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen, it needs to have good pressure resistance and heat preservation. The inventors have designed a low-temperature design for the existing hydrogen storage container 6. Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, in some embodiments, the hydrogen storage container 6 includes an inner cylinder 63, a tape layer 64, a protective shell 65, a head 66, a reinforcing hoop 663, and an insulation layer 67.

[0055] Among them, the inner cylinder 63 is made of a composite steel plate composed of an austenitic stainless steel composite material and a steel base material for low-temperature pressure vessels. The winding layer 64 is formed by steel strips interlaced and wound on the outer surface of the inner cylinder 63. The protective shell 65 is sleeved on the outside of the inner cylinder 63 and the winding layer 64. The protective shell 65 is also made of steel for low-temperature pressure vessels. The reinforcement hoop 663 is fixed to the winding layer 64, for example, by welding. The head 66 includes an inner head 660 and an outer head 661, wherein the inner head 660 is fixed to the end of the winding layer 64 and the inner cylinder 63, for example, by welding, and the outer head 661 is fixed to the end of the winding layer 64 and the reinforcement hoop 663, for example, by welding. The material of the inner head 660 is the same as that of the inner cylinder 63, and the material of the outer head 661 is the same as that of the winding layer 64 and the protective shell 65. The heat insulating layer 67 is provided outside the protective shell 65 and the head 66. The heat insulating layer 67 can be made of expansion foam or other heat insulating structures. The material of the reinforcing hoop 663 can be the same as that of the winding layer 64.

[0056] In some embodiments, the hydrogen storage container 6 is further provided with a sensor interface 670 for installing various sensors. For example, a hydrogen sensor can be connected to the sensor interface 670 to monitor hydrogen leakage in the tape layer 64. In some embodiments, the hydrogen storage container 6 is further provided with a saddle 69 for easy installation. In some embodiments, the end of the head 66 has a head seat 662, which is provided with a pipeline for hydrogen inlet and outlet.

[0057] In the embodiment of the present application, a three-layer tank structure including an inner cylinder 63, a winding layer 64 and a protective shell 65 is provided, so that the hydrogen storage container can store high-pressure gas. An insulating layer 67 is provided on the outside of the hydrogen storage container so that it has a good ability to prevent heat exchange, thereby maintaining the low temperature state of the hydrogen inside the hydrogen storage container.

[0058] In some embodiments, an electric heating assembly 68 is provided within the hydrogen storage container 6. As shown in FIG3 , the electric heating assembly 68 includes a heat exchange tube 680 and a heating wire 681 disposed within the heat exchange tube 680. The heat exchange tube 680 is positioned on the inner wall of the inner cylinder 63, and leads 6811 extending from the hydrogen storage container 6 are provided at both ends of the heating wire 681. Since both ends of the hydrogen storage container 6 are provided with a head 66, a head seat 662 on one end of the head 66 allows hydrogen to flow in and out, while a head seat 662 on the other end of the head 66 allows the leads 6811 to extend for connection to an external power source and control circuit. The provision of the electric heating assembly 68 can improve the temperature control accuracy of the hydrogen filling. Furthermore, placing the electric heating assembly 68 on the inner wall of the inner cylinder 63 allows direct contact with the low-temperature hydrogen, thereby improving heating efficiency. In some embodiments, the heat exchange tube 680 can be made of copper or austenitic stainless steel. In some embodiments, the heating wire 681 may be an iron-chromium-aluminum heating wire or a nickel-chromium heating wire.

[0059] In some embodiments, a heat transfer medium 682 is filled between the inner wall of the heat exchange tube 680 and the heating wire 681. The provision of heat transfer medium 682 allows heat from the heating wire 681 to be transferred to the heat exchange tube 680 more quickly, further improving the heating efficiency of the low-temperature hydrogen. Heat transfer medium 682 can be thermal oil or magnesium oxide powder.

[0060] The application of the embodiments of the present application can have the following beneficial effects.

[0061] 1. By storing high-pressure hydrogen in grades according to temperature and pressure values ​​and keeping it in a low-temperature state, it is not necessary to convert low-temperature liquid hydrogen into room-temperature hydrogen as in the related art. Instead, it is sufficient to convert low-temperature liquid hydrogen into low-temperature hydrogen, which can significantly reduce the waste of cooling capacity. In addition, all hydrogen involved in the filling in this application is low-temperature hydrogen obtained by pressurizing and vaporizing liquid hydrogen, rather than "partial liquid hydrogen is converted to obtain room-temperature high-pressure hydrogen, and then the cooling capacity carried by part of the liquid hydrogen is used to pre-cool the aforementioned room-temperature high-pressure hydrogen" as in the related art. Therefore, this application wastes less cooling capacity and can thereby reduce the use of cooling cycle units, further reducing costs.

[0062] 2. Control the corresponding hydrogen storage containers and hydrogen filling machines in order from low to high temperature values ​​to participate in the filling operation. The low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen storage container with the lowest temperature can be used to pre-cool the main filling pipeline and subsequent pipelines, so that the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen in other subsequent hydrogen storage containers will not lose much cold when passing through the main filling pipeline, which can improve the control accuracy of the filling hydrogen temperature.

[0063] The present application also provides a hydrogen filling method, which is implemented using the hydrogen filling station provided in the above embodiment and is used to fill a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle with hydrogen, including steps S100 to S300.

[0064] S100: The hydrogen storage container 6 storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T1 and a maximum pressure value of P1 is controlled by the filling controller 7 to be connected to the hydrogen filling machine 8, so as to pre-cool the main filling pipeline 9 and subsequent pipelines and perform filling operations.

[0065] In this step, the inventors designed T1 to be between -60°C and -55°C after simulation studies. This low-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen can pre-cool the main filling line 9 and subsequent lines while circulating through them. Furthermore, the hydrogen's own temperature can be raised to between -40°C and -35°C, meeting the temperature parameter requirements of the hydrogen refueling machine 8. The subsequent lines described in the embodiments of this application refer to the internal lines of the hydrogen refueling machine and the internal lines of the vehicle to be refueled with hydrogen.

[0066] S200: When the internal pressure of the hydrogen storage container 6 storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T1 and a maximum pressure value of P1 drops to less than the sum of the back pressure of the hydrogen refueling machine 8 and the set switching pressure difference value, the hydrogen storage container 6 storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T2 and a maximum pressure value of P2 is controlled to be connected to the hydrogen refueling machine 8, that is, the next hydrogen storage container 6 is controlled to be connected to the hydrogen refueling machine 8 in the order of the temperature value from low to high for refueling;

[0067] S300: Utilize the remaining hydrogen storage containers 6 in the manner of step S200 until the filling operation is completed or the internal pressure values ​​of all hydrogen storage containers 6 drop to less than the sum of the back pressure of the hydrogen filling machine 8 and the set switching pressure difference value.

[0068] The hydrogen filling method provided in this application is similar to the reasoning process of the beneficial effects of the aforementioned hydrogen filling station, and will not be repeated here.

[0069] It should be noted that the back pressure of the hydrogenator described in the embodiment of the present application refers to the actual working pressure of the hydrogenator at work, which is a variable value. For example, when a hydrogenator with a rated working pressure of 70MPa is used to fill a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle with a nominal working pressure of 70MPa, since the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle will not be filled with hydrogen at the hydrogen station until hydrogen is relatively insufficient, its internal pressure will inevitably not reach the nominal working pressure when filling begins. Therefore, in the early stage of filling, the back pressure of the hydrogenator is controlled to be slightly higher than the actual pressure of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle, such as the internal pressure before the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle is filled is only 5MPa, then the back pressure (actual working pressure) of the hydrogenator when starting to fill is roughly 6 to 7MPa, and as the filling operation is carried out, the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle internal pressure increases, and the back pressure of the hydrogenator will also increase therewith. The operating principle of the hydrogen refueling machine is to ensure that an appropriate pressure differential is maintained between the hydrogen refueling machine and the on-board hydrogen storage tank. This appropriate pressure differential allows hydrogen to be added to the on-board hydrogen storage tank at a controlled and appropriate flow rate. The switching pressure differential value described in the embodiments of this application can be a manually set range, generally selected between 2MPa and 5MPa. The purpose of this design is also to ensure that hydrogen flows from the hydrogen storage tank to the hydrogen refueling machine at a controlled and appropriate flow rate, thereby achieving good refueling efficiency.

[0070] According to the above example, the first hydrogen storage container is used for initial filling. Assuming that the maximum pressure value of the first hydrogen storage container is 45MPa, as the filling operation proceeds, the pressure in the on-board hydrogen storage bottle gradually increases to 35MPa. At this time, the back pressure of the hydrogen filling machine will increase to 37MPa, and the internal pressure of the first hydrogen storage container will decrease as the hydrogen flows out. It is assumed that it drops to 40MPa. If the switching pressure difference value is set to 3MPa, the pressure of the first hydrogen storage container has dropped to the sum of the back pressure of the hydrogen filling machine and the set switching pressure difference value. If the first hydrogen storage container is continued to be used for filling operations, the flow rate of hydrogen will decrease, and the corresponding filling efficiency will also decrease. The back pressure and switching pressure difference value of the hydrogen filling machine can refer to the relevant technology. The above explains its principle and will not be repeated.

[0071] In addition, it is easy to understand from the above examples that the "controlling the corresponding hydrogen storage containers and hydrogen filling machines to connect in sequence according to the temperature values ​​from low to high to participate in the filling operation" described in the embodiments of the present application does not mean that the second hydrogen storage container will be used for filling only after the hydrogen in the first hydrogen storage container is used up. Instead, each time a vehicle's on-board hydrogen storage bottle is filled, the first hydrogen storage container will be used for filling until its pressure drops to a level that is no longer suitable for further filling, and then the second hydrogen storage container will be switched to for filling, and so on, until the last hydrogen storage container with the highest pressure participates in the filling, and the on-board hydrogen storage bottle is filled until its internal pressure reaches the target pressure.

[0072] In the above steps, if the low-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen is too cold to meet the temperature parameter requirements of the hydrogen refueling machine 8, the low-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen can be heated by the electric heating assembly 68 inside the hydrogen storage container 6 or the high-pressure electric heater 80 provided by the hydrogen refueling machine 8 to meet the requirements. It should be noted that the ambient temperature at the geographical location of most hydrogen refueling stations will not be lower than -20°C most of the time. In such cases, even if the electric heating assembly 68 or the high-pressure electric heater 80 is required to heat the low-temperature hydrogen, the energy consumed is much lower than the energy consumed by using refrigeration equipment to cool room-temperature hydrogen in the prior art.

[0073] A simulation was performed using the hydrogen refueling station provided in the embodiment of the present application. The hydrogen in the three hydrogen storage containers 6 was refueled under different design pressures and design temperatures. The results were compared with the solution of using normal temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage containers in the prior art (the number of hydrogen storage containers was the same, and the corresponding volumes and pressures were the same). The following simulation results were obtained.

[0074] Simulation 1: The first hydrogen storage container 60 has a hydrogen storage temperature of -60°C and a maximum operating pressure of 45 MPa; the second hydrogen storage container 61 has a hydrogen storage temperature of -55°C and a maximum operating pressure of 65 MPa; the third hydrogen storage container 62 has a hydrogen storage temperature of -50°C and a maximum operating pressure of 90 MPa; the volume ratio of the three-stage hydrogen storage container 6 is 1:1:1. The filling rate (SOC) of a 99L, 70 MPa on-board hydrogen storage tank can reach 91.2% (higher than the 90.5% SOC achieved by conventional solutions using room-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen storage containers). Furthermore, the refueling energy consumption (the electrical energy consumed to complete the above refueling) of the hydrogen refueling station of this application is only 20% of that of conventional hydrogen refueling stations.

[0075] Simulation 2: The first hydrogen storage container 60 has a hydrogen storage temperature of -55°C and a maximum operating pressure of 40 MPa; the second hydrogen storage container 61 has a hydrogen storage temperature of -50°C and a maximum operating pressure of 60 MPa; the third hydrogen storage container 62 has a hydrogen storage temperature of -45°C and a maximum operating pressure of 80 MPa; the volume ratio of the three-stage hydrogen storage container 6 is 1:1:1. The filling rate (SOC) of the on-board hydrogen storage tank can reach 91.1% (higher than the 90.5% SOC achieved by the conventional solution using room-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen storage containers). The refueling energy consumption of the hydrogen refueling station of this application (the electrical energy consumed to complete the above refueling) is only 22% of the refueling energy consumption of conventional hydrogen refueling stations.

[0076] Simulation 3: The first hydrogen storage container 60 has a hydrogen storage temperature of -58°C and a maximum operating pressure of 50 MPa; the second hydrogen storage container 61 has a hydrogen storage temperature of -52°C and a maximum operating pressure of 70 MPa; the third hydrogen storage container 62 has a hydrogen storage temperature of -46°C and a maximum operating pressure of 95 MPa; the volume ratio of the three-stage hydrogen storage container 6 is 1:1:1. The filling rate (SOC) of the on-board hydrogen storage tank can reach 91.2% (higher than the 90.5% SOC achieved by the conventional solution using room-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen storage containers). The refueling energy consumption of the hydrogen refueling station of this application (the electrical energy consumed to complete the above refueling) is only 21% of the refueling energy consumption of conventional hydrogen refueling stations.

[0077] The present embodiment provides another hydrogen refueling station based on low-temperature, high-pressure, staged hydrogen storage. This embodiment differs from the above-described embodiments in that, as shown in FIG4 , a second refueling line 10 is further provided between the hydrogen storage container 6 and the refueling controller 7, and an ejector is provided on the second refueling line 10. For ease of description, in this embodiment, two adjacent hydrogen storage containers 6 are referred to as the first high-pressure tank and the second high-pressure tank, respectively, based on the order of the pressure values ​​of the hydrogen stored therein. The pressure value of the hydrogen stored within the first high-pressure tank is lower than the pressure value of the hydrogen stored within the second high-pressure tank. For example, if the pressure values ​​of the hydrogen stored within the first hydrogen storage container 60 and the second hydrogen storage container 61 are adjacent in order, then the first hydrogen storage container 60 is the first high-pressure tank, and the second hydrogen storage container 61 is the second high-pressure tank. If the pressure values ​​of the hydrogen stored within the second hydrogen storage container 61 and the third hydrogen storage container 62 are adjacent in order, then the second hydrogen storage container 61 is the first high-pressure tank, and the third hydrogen storage container 62 is the second high-pressure tank. That is, the first high-pressure tank or the second high-pressure tank does not specifically refer to a specific hydrogen storage container 6 .

[0078] A second filling line 10 is provided between the first and second high-pressure tanks. Specifically, in this embodiment, the second filling line 10 is provided between the first and second hydrogen storage containers 60, 61, and between the second and third hydrogen storage containers 61, 62. The second filling line 10 is connected to a filling controller 7, which is configured to control whether the hydrogen storage containers 6 are connected to the collecting line 90 via the first or second filling line 91. The second filling line is provided with an injector (a first injector 100 is provided between the first and second hydrogen storage containers 60, 61, and a second injector 101 is provided between the second and third hydrogen storage containers 61, 62). The injector has an ejector fluid inlet connected to the first high-pressure tank, a working fluid inlet connected to the second high-pressure tank, and an injection port connected to the filling controller 7. The hydrogen output from the second high-pressure tank drives the hydrogen output from the first high-pressure tank to be ejected from the injection port.

[0079] With this solution, the high-pressure hydrogen in the second high-pressure tank can be used to drive the high-pressure hydrogen in the first high-pressure tank through the ejector to flow to the hydrogen refueling machine 8, so that the hydrogen in the first high-pressure tank can be fully utilized. In this way, when the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage container 6 is used up and it needs to be replenished, the energy consumed by the booster pump to replenish the hydrogen in the first high-pressure tank is relatively small. When the hydrogen in the first high-pressure tank can be fully utilized, the overall energy consumption of the hydrogen refueling station will be reduced.

[0080] It should be noted that the ejector is an existing device that can be purchased directly on the market. The ejector is used to achieve the purpose of driving the hydrogen in the first high-pressure tank to be discharged together with the hydrogen in the second high-pressure tank, thereby increasing the hydrogen utilization rate of the first high-pressure tank and reducing the energy consumption of the booster pump when replenishing air.

[0081] The present embodiment also provides a hydrogen filling method. The method is implemented using the hydrogen filling station provided in this embodiment, and is used to fill a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle with hydrogen, including steps S400 to S700.

[0082] S400: The filling controller 7 controls the hydrogen storage container 6 storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T1 and a maximum pressure value of P1 to connect the first filling pipeline 91 with the collecting pipeline 90 and perform filling, so as to pre-cool the main filling pipeline 9 and subsequent pipelines;

[0083] S500: When the internal pressure of the hydrogen storage container 6 storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T1 and a maximum pressure value of P1 drops to less than the sum of the back pressure of the hydrogen refueling machine 8 and the set switching pressure difference value (as the refueling operation proceeds, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage container 6 decreases and the pressure drops), the refueling controller 7 controls the hydrogen storage container 6 storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T1 and a maximum pressure value of P1 and the hydrogen storage container 6 storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T2 and a maximum pressure value of P2 to selectively connect through the second refueling pipeline 10 to the collecting pipeline 90 and refuel, so as to improve the hydrogen utilization rate in the hydrogen storage container 6 storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T1 and a maximum pressure value of P1;

[0084] S600: When the pressure value at the injection port is less than the sum of the back pressure of the hydrogen refueling machine 8 and the set switching pressure difference value, the hydrogen storage container 6 storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T2 and a maximum pressure value of P2 is controlled by the refueling controller 7 to connect the first refueling pipeline 91 with the collecting pipeline 90 and refuel;

[0085] S700: Utilize the remaining hydrogen storage containers 6 in the manner of steps S500 and S600 until the filling operation is completed or the internal pressure values ​​of all hydrogen storage containers 6 drop to less than the sum of the back pressure of the hydrogen filling machine 8 and the set switching pressure difference value.

[0086] The hydrogen filling method provided in this application is similar to the reasoning process of the beneficial effects of the aforementioned hydrogen filling station, and will not be repeated here.

[0087] When the hydrogen refueling station provided in this embodiment is used for simulation, under the same simulation conditions as those in simulation one, simulation two, and simulation three in the above embodiment, the hydrogen utilization rate of the first hydrogen storage container 60 increases by about 5.2%, and the hydrogen utilization rate of the second hydrogen storage container 61 increases by about 4.9%. The overall energy consumption of the hydrogen refueling station can be further reduced by about 4.8%.

[0088] The above are only specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application includes but is not limited to the contents described in the drawings and the above specific embodiments. Any modifications that do not deviate from the functional and structural principles of the present application are included within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen refueling station based on low temperature and high pressure staged hydrogen storage, comprising: Liquid hydrogen storage tanks; A hydrogen storage container, wherein the number of the hydrogen storage containers is n, n≥2, and the hydrogen storage container is a low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage container; The booster pump and the high-pressure vaporizer are arranged between the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen storage container, wherein: The booster pump is used to boost the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid hydrogen output from the liquid hydrogen storage tank into low-temperature and high-pressure liquid hydrogen. The high-pressure vaporizer is used to vaporize the low-temperature and high-pressure liquid hydrogen output by the boost pump into low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas, adjust the temperature of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas to a set temperature, and store the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage container; The temperature of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage container is T n , the maximum pressure value is P n , when n=2, T1<T2, P1<P2; when n≥3, T1<…<T (n-1) <T n , P1<…<P (n-1) <P n ; Hydrogen refueling machine, and The main filling pipeline is configured to connect the hydrogen storage container and the hydrogen filling machine, and is provided with a filling controller; wherein the filling controller is configured to control the corresponding hydrogen storage container and the hydrogen filling machine to be connected in sequence according to the temperature values ​​from low to high to participate in the filling operation.

2. The hydrogen refueling station according to claim 1, wherein: -60℃≤T n ≤-45℃,40MPa≤P n ≤95MPa。 3. The hydrogen refueling station according to claim 2, wherein: n＝3， -60℃≤T1<-55℃, -55℃≤T2<-50℃, -50℃≤T3≤-45℃; 40MPa≤P1<50MPa, 60MPa≤P2<70MPa, 80MPa≤P3≤95MPa.

4. The hydrogen refueling station according to claim 2, wherein: When the design pressure of the hydrogen storage container is between 45MPa and 50MPa, the design volume is between 5m 3 Up to 8m 3 between.

5. The hydrogen refueling station according to claim 4, wherein: When the design pressure of the hydrogen storage container is above 65MPa, its design volume is 3m 3 Up to 5m 3 between.

6. The hydrogen refueling station according to claim 1, wherein: The hydrogen storage container comprises: an inner cylinder; and The winding layer is formed by steel strips being alternately wound around the outer surface of the inner cylinder.

7. The hydrogen refueling station according to claim 6, wherein: The hydrogen storage container also includes: A protective shell, which is sleeved on the outside of the inner cylinder and the winding layer; and A reinforcing hoop is fixed to the tape layer.

8. The hydrogen refueling station according to claim 7, wherein: The hydrogen storage container further includes a sealing head, and the sealing head includes: An inner seal, wherein the inner seal is fixed to the end of the tape layer and the inner cylinder; and An outer seal, wherein the outer seal is fixed to the end of the winding layer and the reinforcement hoop.

9. The hydrogen refueling station according to claim 8, wherein: The hydrogen storage container further includes a heat insulating layer, which is arranged outside the protective shell and the sealing head.

10. The hydrogen refueling station according to claim 9, wherein: An electric heating component is arranged in the hydrogen storage container, and the electric heating component comprises a heat exchange tube and an electric heating wire arranged inside the heat exchange tube.

11. The hydrogen refueling station as claimed in claim 10, wherein the heat exchange tube is positioned on the inner wall of the inner cylinder, and leads extending out of the hydrogen storage container are provided at both ends of the heating wire.

12. The hydrogen refueling station according to claim 11, wherein: A heat-conducting medium is filled between the inner wall of the heat exchange tube and the heating wire.

13. The hydrogen refueling station according to claim 1, wherein: Based on the order of the pressure values ​​of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen stored therein, the two adjacent hydrogen storage containers are respectively a first high-pressure tank and a second high-pressure tank, and The pressure value of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas stored in the first high-pressure tank is lower than the pressure value of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas stored in the second high-pressure tank.

14. The hydrogen refueling station according to claim 13, wherein: The main filling pipeline comprises: A first filling pipeline is located between the hydrogen storage container and the filling controller; and The collecting pipeline is located between the filling controller and the hydrogen filling machine.

15. The hydrogen refueling station according to claim 14, wherein: A second filling pipeline is provided between the first high-pressure tank and the second high-pressure tank, and the second filling pipeline is communicated with the filling controller. The filling controller is configured to control the hydrogen storage container to selectively communicate with the collecting pipeline through the first filling pipeline or the second filling pipeline.

16. The hydrogen refueling station according to claim 15, wherein: The second filling pipeline is provided with an injector, The injector has an injection fluid inlet connected to the first high-pressure tank, a working fluid inlet connected to the second high-pressure tank, and an injection port connected to the filling controller, so that the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen output by the second high-pressure tank drives the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen output by the first high-pressure tank to be ejected from the injection port together.

17. The hydrogen refueling station of claim 1, wherein: The hydrogenator is provided with a high-pressure electric heater, and the high-pressure electric heater is used to heat the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen flowing into the hydrogenator.

18. A hydrogen filling method, implemented using the hydrogen filling station as claimed in claim 1, for filling a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle with hydrogen, wherein: The hydrogen filling method comprises the following steps: S100: Controlling the hydrogen storage container storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T1 and a maximum pressure value of P1 to be connected to the hydrogen filling machine through the filling controller, so as to precool the main filling pipeline and subsequent pipelines and perform filling operations; S200: When the internal pressure value of the hydrogen storage container storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T1 and a maximum pressure value of P1 drops to less than the sum of the back pressure of the hydrogen filling machine and the set switching pressure difference, the next hydrogen storage container is controlled to be connected to the hydrogen filling machine for filling in the order of temperature values ​​from low to high; S300: Utilize the remaining hydrogen storage containers in the manner of step S200 until the filling operation is completed or the internal pressure values ​​of all hydrogen storage containers drop to a value less than the sum of the back pressure of the hydrogen filling machine and the set switching pressure difference.

19. A hydrogen filling method, implemented using the hydrogen filling station as claimed in claim 16, for filling a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle with hydrogen, wherein: The hydrogen filling method comprises the following steps: S400: Control the hydrogen storage container storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T1 and a maximum pressure value of P1 through the filling controller to connect with the aggregation pipeline through the first filling pipeline and perform filling, so as to precool the main filling pipeline and subsequent pipelines and perform filling operations; S500: When the internal pressure value of the hydrogen storage container storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T1 and a maximum pressure value of P1 drops to less than the sum of the back pressure of the hydrogen refueling machine and the set switching pressure difference, the hydrogen storage container storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T1 and a maximum pressure value of P1 and the hydrogen storage container storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T2 and a maximum pressure value of P1 are controlled by the filling controller. The hydrogen storage container with hydrogen at a temperature of P2 is connected to the collecting pipeline through the second filling pipeline and filled, so as to improve the utilization rate of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage container storing hydrogen at a temperature of T1 and a maximum pressure of P1; S600: When the pressure value of the injection port is less than the sum of the back pressure of the hydrogen filling machine and the set switching pressure difference, the hydrogen storage container storing hydrogen with a temperature value of T2 and a maximum pressure value of P2 is controlled by the filling controller to be connected to the aggregation pipeline through the first filling pipeline and filled; S700: Utilize the remaining hydrogen storage containers in the manner of steps S500 and S600 until the filling operation is completed or the internal pressure values ​​of all hydrogen storage containers drop to a value less than the sum of the back pressure of the hydrogen filling machine and the set switching pressure difference.

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