Electric motor, power assembly and electric vehicle

Abstract

Provided in the present application are an electric motor, a power assembly and an electric vehicle. The electric motor comprises an electric-motor end cover, an electric-motor stator, an electric-motor winding and an electric-motor shaft, wherein the electric-motor end cover and the electric-motor stator are arranged adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the electric motor. The electric-motor end cover comprises an electric-motor shaft hole, a winding wiring hole and at least one cooling hole, wherein each cooling hole is configured to enable two sides of the electric-motor end cover in the axial direction of the electric-motor shaft to be in communication with each other, and in the axial direction of the electric motor, the winding wiring hole, the electric-motor shaft hole and the at least one cooling hole respectively penetrate the electric-motor end cover. In the radial direction of the electric motor, the distance between the at least one cooling hole and the electric-motor shaft hole is larger than the distance between the winding wiring hole and the electric-motor shaft hole, the distance between the winding wiring hole and the at least one cooling hole is smaller than the distance between the winding wiring hole and the electric-motor shaft hole, and the projection of the at least one cooling hole overlaps part of the projection of the winding wiring hole. The present application facilitates an improvement in utilization rate and cooling effect of cooling oil on the electric motor, and can reduce the size of the electric-motor end cover, thereby facilitating the realization of the miniaturization design of the electric motor and the power assembly.

Description

Motors, powertrains, and electric vehicles

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on June 30, 2023, with application number 202321717475.3 and application name “Motor, Powertrain and Electric Vehicle”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the technical field of powertrains, and in particular to a motor, a powertrain, and an electric vehicle. Background Art

[0003] Existing electric vehicles generally use an integrated powertrain as their power source. Currently, the motor and motor controller are generally integrated into a two-in-one powertrain, or the motor, motor controller, and reducer are generally integrated into a three-in-one powertrain, or the motor, motor controller, reducer, and other components of the electric vehicle are generally integrated into an all-in-one powertrain. The motor generates a high amount of heat during operation, which in turn affects the service life and stability of the motor. In order to achieve temperature control of the motor, cooling oil is often introduced into the motor. However, the current utilization rate of cooling oil in the motor is low, resulting in a less than ideal cooling effect.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] Embodiments of the present application provide a motor, a powertrain, and an electric vehicle with a cooling effect that can improve the utilization rate of cooling oil.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a motor, comprising a motor end cover, a motor stator, a motor winding, and a motor shaft, wherein the motor end cover and the motor stator are arranged adjacent to each other along the motor axis, the motor end cover comprising a motor shaft hole, a winding connection hole, and at least one cooling hole, the winding connection hole being used to accommodate an electrical connector between the motor winding and a motor controller, the motor shaft hole being used to accommodate the motor shaft, and each cooling hole being used to connect two sides of the motor end cover along the motor shaft axis, wherein, along the motor axis, the winding connection hole, the motor shaft hole, and the at least one cooling hole respectively penetrate the motor end cover. Along the motor radial direction, the spacing between the at least one cooling hole and the motor shaft hole is greater than the spacing between the winding connection hole and the motor shaft hole, the spacing between the winding connection hole and the at least one cooling hole is less than the spacing between the winding connection hole and the motor shaft hole, and the projection of at least one cooling hole overlaps with a partial projection of the winding connection hole.

[0007] In an embodiment of the present application, the motor end cover includes a winding connection hole, a motor shaft hole and at least one cooling hole. Integrating the winding connection hole, the motor shaft hole and the cooling hole into one motor end cover can reduce the volume of the motor end cover, thereby facilitating the miniaturization design and high power density of the motor.

[0008] One end of the motor shaft is located in the motor shaft hole, and the electrical connector is located in the winding connection hole of the motor end cover. The motor controller is connected to the motor winding via the electrical connector. For example, the motor controller converts the direct current input from the battery pack into alternating current, and then transmits the alternating current to the motor winding via the electrical connector.

[0009] The cooling holes extend through the motor end cover along the motor axis, connecting both sides of the motor end cover along the motor axis. This allows cooling oil in the motor to flow from the inside of the motor to the outside of the motor through the cooling holes. The inside of the motor refers to the side of the motor end cover that is closer to the motor stator along the motor axis, and the outside of the motor refers to the side of the motor end cover that is farther away from the motor stator along the motor axis.

[0010] In an embodiment of the present application, the cooling hole is the hole farthest from the motor axis along the radial direction of the motor among the winding connection hole, the motor shaft hole and the cooling hole. The cooling hole is arranged adjacent to the winding connection hole, so that the cooling oil can cool the electrical connector in the winding connection hole through the cooling hole. The cooling path of the cooling oil extends from the inside of the motor to the outside of the motor, which expands the coverage range of the cooling path and is beneficial to improving the utilization rate of the cooling oil. In addition, the cooling hole is closer to the winding connection hole relative to the motor shaft hole, and the path of the cooling oil flowing from the cooling hole to the electrical connector is shorter, which is beneficial to reducing thermal resistance, improving the cooling effect on the electrical connector, and ensuring that the electrical connector can stably transmit alternating current.

[0011] In the embodiments of the present application, the cooling holes and winding connection holes are arranged radially along the motor. This allows the cooling oil flowing out of the cooling holes to more frequently contact the electrical connectors of the winding connection holes, improving the cooling effect on the electrical connectors. This allows the cooling holes and winding connection holes to be more concentrated and arranged compactly and regularly on the motor end cover, facilitating motor miniaturization. If the cooling holes and winding connection holes were arranged circumferentially along the motor, this would increase the volume occupied by the motor end cover, reducing the amount of cooling oil flowing out of the cooling holes that contacts the electrical connectors, thereby affecting the cooling effect.

[0012] In an embodiment of the present application, by arranging a motor, cooling oil can flow from the inside of the motor to the outside of the motor through the cooling holes, so that the cooling oil can cool the heating components on the outside of the motor end cover, thereby expanding the range covered by the cooling path and helping to improve the utilization rate of the cooling oil. The cooling oil flows from the cooling holes to the winding wiring holes, so that the electrical connectors in the winding wiring holes can be cooled and dissipated, so that the electrical connections operate within a suitable temperature range, ensuring the stability of electrical transmission, and thus improving the working effect of the motor. Since the cooling holes and the winding wiring holes are arranged adjacent to each other, it is beneficial to reduce the thermal resistance of the cooling oil and improve the cooling efficiency. The motor end cover integrates cooling holes, winding wiring holes and motor shaft holes. The cooling holes and winding wiring holes are arranged along the radial direction of the motor, and are arranged neatly and compactly, which is beneficial to saving the volume of the motor end cover and further optimizing the motor layout, thereby achieving a lightweight design of the motor.

[0013] In one embodiment, the motor end cover includes a plurality of cooling holes, wherein the plurality of cooling holes are sequentially spaced apart along the circumference of the motor, and the diameter of each cooling hole is smaller than the distance between two adjacent cooling holes. Axially, the diameter of each cooling hole facing the motor stator is larger than the diameter of the opening facing away from the motor stator.

[0014] In the embodiments of the present application, multiple spaced cooling holes are provided in the motor end cap, increasing the cooling path for the cooling oil to flow to the outside of the motor, broadening the cooling coverage of the cooling oil, and further improving the cooling oil's utilization rate. Because the cooling oil needs to cool the electrical connectors in the winding connection holes through the cooling holes, the spacing between two adjacent cooling holes along the circumference of the motor is greater than the aperture of each cooling hole. This helps increase the coverage of the cooling oil sprayed onto the electrical connectors, enhances the cooling effect on the electrical connectors, and reduces interference between cooling oil flowing from different cooling holes. Each cooling hole has two openings along the axial direction of the motor, wherein the aperture of the opening facing the motor stator is larger than the aperture of the opening away from the motor stator. In the embodiment of the present application, the aperture of the opening facing the motor stator is set to be relatively large, which is conducive to more cooling oil flowing from the inside of the motor through the cooling hole to the outside of the motor. In addition, the aperture of the opening away from the motor stator is set to be relatively small, so that the flow rate of the cooling oil flowing out of the opening away from the motor stator is increased, and the cooling oil flowing out of the cooling hole is sprayed onto the electrical connector in a jet shape, thereby expanding the spray range of the cooling oil flowing out of the cooling hole, improving the utilization rate of the cooling oil and the cooling effect on the motor.

[0015] In one embodiment, the distance between the at least one cooling hole and the motor axis is greater than half the outer diameter of the motor stator. This embodiment of the application enables the motor end cover to completely cover the motor stator along the motor axis, and the motor stator does not block the flow of cooling oil to the cooling hole.

[0016] In one embodiment, the width of the winding connection hole along the circumference of the motor is greater than the width of the winding connection hole along the radial direction of the motor, greater than the total length of the at least one cooling hole along the circumferential connection line of the motor, and greater than the diameter of the motor shaft hole.

[0017] In an embodiment of the present application, the width of the winding connection hole along the circumference of the motor is set to be greater than the width of the winding connection hole along the radial direction of the motor, so that the winding connection hole can adapt to the structural form of the electrical connector and facilitate the winding connection hole to accommodate the electrical connector. The width of the winding connection hole along the circumference of the motor is set to be greater than the total length of the cooling hole along the circumference of the motor connection line, which can ensure that most of the cooling oil flowing out of the cooling hole is used to cool the electrical connector, thereby improving the utilization rate and cooling efficiency of the cooling oil. Since the cooling hole, the winding connection hole and the motor shaft hole are arranged in sequence along the radial direction of the motor, the present solution sets the width of the winding connection hole along the circumference of the motor to be greater than the diameter of the motor shaft hole, so that the winding connection hole mainly occupies a certain size in the circumference of the motor rather than in the radial direction of the motor, which is conducive to saving the overall size of the motor end cover in the radial direction of the motor. Since the total size of the motor end cover in the radial direction of the motor is fixed, the winding connection hole occupies a smaller size in the radial direction of the motor, so that the spacing between the cooling hole and the winding connection hole is smaller, which facilitates the cooling oil to flow from the cooling hole to the winding connection hole.

[0018] In one embodiment, the motor includes an oil guide rib for conveying cooling oil to the motor shaft hole. Axially, the oil guide rib and the motor stator are arranged on either side of the motor end cap. Circumferentially, the oil guide rib is arranged on the same side as the at least one cooling hole, the winding connection hole, and the center of the motor shaft hole. The length of the oil guide rib intersects the radial direction of the motor, and one end of the oil guide rib intersects the motor shaft hole along its length.

[0019] In an embodiment of the present application, the oil guide rib and the motor stator are located on the outside and inside of the motor respectively along the axial direction of the motor. The oil guide rib is arranged on the same side of the cooling hole, the winding connection hole and the center of the motor shaft hole along the circumference of the motor, so that the cooling oil can flow to the oil guide rib after flowing through the cooling hole to the electrical connector. The length direction of the oil guide rib intersects with the radial direction of the motor, which is equivalent to the center of the motor shaft hole not being on the extension line of the oil guide rib. The oil guide rib plays a role in guiding the flow of the cooling oil. Since one end of the oil guide rib intersects with the motor shaft hole along the length direction of the oil guide rib, the cooling oil flowing on the oil guide rib can flow to the edge of the motor shaft hole and enter the inside of the motor, thereby realizing the recycling of the cooling oil.

[0020] In one embodiment, the oil guide rib is integrally formed with the motor end cover. This solution is conducive to improving the structural stability of the oil guide rib, allowing the cooling oil to flow smoothly on the oil guide rib, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect.

[0021] In one embodiment, the distance between the oil guide rib and the cooling hole is greater than the distance between the oil guide rib and the winding connection hole, and the distance between the oil guide rib and the winding connection hole is greater than the distance between the oil guide rib and the motor shaft hole.

[0022] In an embodiment of the present application, the spacing between the oil-guiding rib and the cooling hole is greater than the spacing between the oil-guiding rib and the winding connection hole. This allows the cooling oil flowing out of the cooling hole to first flow through the electrical connector and then to the oil-guiding rib, thereby increasing the coverage of the cooling path and improving the utilization rate of the cooling oil. Since the oil-guiding rib primarily guides the cooling oil, the cooling oil is ultimately recovered and used to cool the components inside the motor. Therefore, this solution sets the spacing between the oil-guiding rib and the winding connection hole to be greater than the spacing between the oil-guiding rib and the motor shaft hole. This places the motor shaft hole closer to the oil-guiding rib than the winding connection hole, which helps reduce the loss of cooling oil along the transmission path.

[0023] In one embodiment, the motor includes an arc-shaped protrusion structure, which is used to fix the stator of the rotary transformer sensor, and the oil guide rib and the arc-shaped protrusion structure are fixed to one side of the motor end cover, and one side of the motor end cover is away from the motor stator along the motor shaft, wherein the arc-shaped protrusion structure is coaxially arranged with the motor shaft hole, the inner diameter of the arc-shaped protrusion structure is smaller than the inner diameter of the motor shaft hole, and one end of the oil guide rib is fixedly connected to one end of the arc-shaped protrusion structure along the circumference of the motor.

[0024] In an embodiment of the present application, the arc-shaped protrusion structure and the oil guide rib are both located on the outside of the motor. The arc-shaped protrusion structure is used to secure the resolver sensor stator, which is used to detect the motor's rotational speed. The arc-shaped protrusion structure is coaxially arranged with the motor's shaft hole, which is used to accommodate the motor shaft. This allows the resolver sensor stator secured to the arc-shaped protrusion structure to be coaxially arranged with the motor shaft, facilitating rotational speed detection by the resolver sensor stator. The end of the oil guide rib that intersects the motor's shaft hole is fixedly connected to the end of the arc-shaped protrusion structure along the motor's circumference. The inner diameter of the arc-shaped protrusion structure is smaller than the inner diameter of the motor's shaft hole. Since cooling oil needs to flow to the motor's shaft hole through the oil guide rib, when the cooling oil flows to the junction of the oil guide rib and the motor's shaft hole, even if a small amount of cooling oil does not enter the motor's shaft hole, the arc-shaped protrusion structure can still guide this portion of cooling oil into the motor's shaft hole.

[0025] In one embodiment, the inner diameter of the arc-shaped protrusion is equal to the inner diameter of the motor shaft hole. In this embodiment of the present application, the motor shaft hole is used to accommodate a motor bearing, and the motor shaft is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the motor shaft hole through the motor bearing. This solution makes it difficult for the motor bearing in the motor shaft hole to fall out of the motor end cover.

[0026] In one embodiment, one side of the motor end cap includes an oil guide groove, which is connected to the motor shaft hole. Along the motor axis, the recessed direction of the oil guide groove is opposite to the raised direction of the arc-shaped protrusion structure. Along the motor radial direction, the recessed direction of the oil guide groove is away from the motor shaft. Along the motor axis, the oil guide groove is arranged between the motor shaft hole and one end of the oil guide rib.

[0027] In an embodiment of the present application, the oil guide groove, oil guide rib, and arc-shaped protrusion are all located on the same side of the motor end cap. Since the distance between the inner wall of the motor shaft hole and the motor shaft is generally small, cooling oil located on the outside of the motor is difficult to transport to the inside of the motor. However, in this embodiment, an oil guide groove is provided. In the motor axial direction, the oil guide rib, oil guide groove, and motor shaft hole are arranged in sequence. The recessed direction of the oil guide groove is opposite to the raised direction of the arc-shaped protrusion. This allows the oil guide groove to have an opening along the motor axial direction. Cooling oil on the oil guide rib can flow into the oil guide groove along the motor axial direction through this opening. Furthermore, in the motor radial direction, the oil guide groove is recessed away from the motor shaft. This allows the oil guide groove to have another opening along the motor radial direction. Cooling oil flowing into the oil guide groove can flow into the motor shaft hole along the motor radial direction through this opening, thereby cooling the inside of the motor. The oil guide groove itself also serves as an oil storage device. Therefore, the oil guide groove in this embodiment facilitates the recycling of cooling oil, transporting the recovered cooling oil to the inside of the motor, and increasing the amount of cooling oil inlet.

[0028] In one embodiment, the oil guide groove is arranged between the motor shaft hole and one end of the arc-shaped protrusion structure along the motor axis. In this embodiment of the present application, the arc-shaped protrusion structure, the oil guide groove, and the motor shaft hole are arranged in sequence along the motor axis, and the cooling oil flows into the oil guide groove and the motor shaft hole through the oil guide ribs. The arc-shaped protrusion structure can play a role in guiding the cooling oil.

[0029] In one embodiment, the motor includes a wiring cover fixing structure along the axial direction of the motor shaft, the wiring cover fixing structure being used to fix the wiring cover of the motor. Axially, the wiring cover fixing structure is fixed to one side of the motor end cover, and the wiring cover fixing structure and the motor stator are arranged on both sides of the motor end cover. The area enclosed by the projection of the wiring cover fixing structure covers the motor shaft hole, the arc-shaped protrusion structure, the winding wiring hole, and the cooling hole. In the radial direction of the motor, the projection of the wiring cover fixing structure covers the projection of the arc-shaped protrusion structure.

[0030] In an embodiment of the present application, the wiring cover plate and the cooling holes, winding wiring holes, motor shaft holes and arc-shaped protrusion structures are all located on the outside of the motor. The area enclosed by the projection of the wiring cover plate fixing structure covers the cooling holes, winding wiring holes, motor shaft holes and arc-shaped protrusion structures along the axial direction of the motor. The wiring cover plate fixing structure is used to fix the wiring cover plate. The wiring cover plate fixing structure and the wiring cover plate provided in this solution can play the following roles: prevent the cooling oil flowing out of the cooling hole from being mixed with impurities, reduce the influence of the external environment on the electrical connection relationship between the electrical connector and the motor controller, and prevent impurities from entering the motor shaft hole. In addition, it can also ensure the fixed connection between the arc-shaped protrusion structure and the stator of the rotary transformer sensor, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the motor from multiple aspects. It should be noted that in an embodiment of the present application, the projection along the axial direction of the motor refers to the projection along the axial direction of the motor on a projection plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the motor, wherein the projection plane of the projection along the axial direction of the motor is perpendicular to the axial direction of the motor.

[0031] In the embodiment of the present application, the projection of the wiring cover fixing structure along the radial direction of the motor covers the projection of the arc-shaped protrusion structure along the radial direction of the motor, indicating that in the axial direction of the motor, the size value of the wiring cover fixing structure is greater than the size value of the arc-shaped protrusion structure, that is, the height of the wiring cover protruding along the axial direction of the motor is greater than the height of the arc-shaped protrusion structure protruding along the axial direction of the motor.

[0032] In the embodiment of the present application, the arrangement direction of the AC output interface connecting hole, cooling hole, winding wiring hole, and motor shaft hole is roughly parallel to the radial direction of the motor, making the electrical interface layout of the motor more compact, and also helping to reduce the volume of the wiring cover and save costs.

[0033] In one embodiment, the end of the oil guide rib away from the motor shaft hole intersects the wiring cover fixing structure. In this embodiment of the present application, when cooling oil flows from the cooling holes and electrical connectors to the oil guide rib, even if some cooling oil falls on the connection between the wiring cover fixing structure and the oil guide rib, the wiring cover fixing structure can still guide the cooling oil to the oil guide rib, thereby improving the utilization rate of the cooling oil.

[0034] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a power assembly, which includes a motor controller, a three-phase input copper busbar, and a motor as described in any embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the three-phase input copper busbar is electrically connected to the motor winding and the motor controller through the winding wiring hole, and the three-phase input copper busbar includes three input copper buses, and the three input copper buses are arranged in sequence along the circumference of the motor.

[0035] In an embodiment of the present application, the electrical connector between the motor controller and the motor windings includes a three-phase input copper busbar, which is connected to the motor controller and the motor windings, respectively. The motor controller is used to convert direct current (DC) power into alternating current (AC) power, which is then output to the motor windings via the three-phase input copper busbar. The three-phase input copper busbar is connected to the motor windings via electrical connectors in the winding wiring holes, and three of the three-phase input copper busbars transmit three-phase AC power to the motor windings. The three input copper busbars are spaced apart along the circumference of the motor, which helps reduce electrical interference between the three input copper busbars and ensures the stability of the electrical connection.

[0036] In one embodiment, the motor end cover includes three cooling holes, the spacing between two adjacent input copper bars is greater than the aperture of each cooling hole, the aperture of each cooling hole along the circumference of the motor shaft is smaller than the width of each input copper bar, and the three cooling holes are respectively arranged on one side of the midpoint of the three input copper bars in the clockwise direction, and the distance between the midpoint of the input copper bar and the two side edges of the input copper bar along the circumference of the motor is equal.

[0037] In an embodiment of the present application, the projection of the three cooling holes along the motor axis does not overlap with the projection of the three input copper bars midpoints, that is, the three cooling holes correspond to the three input copper bars and are misplaced. When the input copper bar is transmitting electric energy, part of the electric power can be converted into heat, causing the input copper bar to generate heat, so it is necessary to cool the input copper bar. It is understandable that the motor will be in a state of high-speed rotation when working, and the cooling oil flowing out of the cooling holes will be subject to the effect of centrifugal force, causing the motion path of the cooling oil outside the motor to not be parallel to the motor axis. To ensure that the cooling oil can be sprayed into the three-phase input copper bar under the effect of centrifugal force, this solution arranges each cooling hole corresponding to an input copper bar respectively and each cooling hole and the corresponding input copper bar are misplaced, so that the cooling oil can effectively cool the three-phase input copper bar.

[0038] In this embodiment, the spacing between adjacent input copper bars is larger than the diameter of the cooling holes, which prevents electrical interference caused by too close spacing between the input copper bars. The circumferential width of each input copper bar is larger than the diameter of the cooling holes, ensuring that the majority of the cooling oil flows to the input copper bars, improving cooling oil utilization.

[0039] In one embodiment, the power assembly includes an integrated housing, which includes a reducer accommodating chamber and a motor accommodating chamber. The motor accommodating chamber is used to accommodate the motor, and the reducer accommodating chamber is used to accommodate the reducer. Along a first direction, the motor accommodating chamber passes through the integrated housing and is connected to the reducer accommodating chamber. The motor shaft of the motor is used to drive the reducer. The first direction is parallel to the axial direction of the motor. Along the first direction, the motor end cover and the reducer are respectively arranged on both sides of the motor.

[0040] In the embodiment of the present application, the motor axial direction is denoted as the first direction, and the integrated housing is used to accommodate the reducer and motor inside, wherein the reducer is located in the reducer accommodating cavity, the motor is located in the motor accommodating cavity, and the reducer and motor share an integrated housing. In the embodiment of the present application, the reducer includes a reducer input shaft, a reducer bearing, a gear assembly, etc., and the portion of the integrated housing surrounding the reducer accommodating cavity constitutes the reducer accommodating shell of the reducer. The portion of the integrated housing surrounding the motor accommodating cavity constitutes the motor accommodating shell of the motor.

[0041] In the embodiment of the present application, the powertrain is a two-in-one powertrain, which uses an integrated housing to accommodate the reducer and the motor. Compared with the split powertrain, the embodiment of the present application is conducive to improving the integration of the powertrain, increasing the space utilization of the powertrain, and reducing costs. In addition, the embodiment of the present application can also enhance the stability of the overall structure of the powertrain.

[0042] In this embodiment, the motor shaft is fixedly connected to the reducer. After receiving AC power from the input copper busbar, the motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, which is then transmitted to the reducer via the motor shaft. The reducer then drives the wheels. The input copper busbar, motor end cap, motor, and reducer are arranged in sequence along the motor's axial direction, aligning the energy transfer path and minimizing energy loss.

[0043] In one embodiment, the powertrain includes an integrated housing, comprising a controller housing, a DC input interface mounting hole, and an AC output interface mounting hole. The controller housing is configured to accommodate the motor controller, and the controller housing and the motor housing are aligned along a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction. The motor end cap includes an AC output interface connecting hole, wherein, along the first direction, the DC input interface mounting hole and the AC output interface mounting hole respectively extend through the integrated housing and communicate with the controller housing, and the AC output interface connecting hole extends through the motor end cap. The DC input interface mounting hole and the AC output interface mounting hole are aligned opposite each other, with the projection of the AC output interface connecting hole overlapping the projection of the AC output interface mounting hole. The projection of the three-phase input copper busbar partially overlaps with the projections of the winding connection holes and the AC output interface connecting hole. Along the radial direction of the motor, the distance between the AC output interface connecting hole and the motor shaft hole is greater than the distance between the cooling hole and the motor shaft hole.

[0044] In an embodiment of the present application, an integrated housing is used to house the reducer, motor, and motor controller inside. The motor controller includes a capacitor module, a power module, a circuit board, a copper busbar assembly, etc. The portion of the integrated housing that surrounds the controller housing cavity constitutes the controller housing of the motor controller. In one embodiment, the reducer housing, the motor housing, and the controller housing are an integrally molded structure, or the integrated housing is an integrally molded structure. In one embodiment, the reducer housing, the motor housing, and the control housing share adjacent portions of the housing.

[0045] In an embodiment of the present application, the powertrain is a three-in-one powertrain, which uses an integrated housing to accommodate the reducer, motor and motor controller. Compared with a split powertrain, the embodiment of the present application is conducive to improving the integration of the powertrain, increasing the space utilization of the powertrain and reducing costs. In addition, the embodiment of the present application can also enhance the stability of the overall structure of the powertrain.

[0046] In the embodiment of the present application, the DC input interface mounting hole and the AC output interface mounting hole are arranged opposite each other along a first direction and are located at opposite ends of the controller housing chamber along the first direction. This embodiment of the present application helps prevent electrical interference between DC and AC power during transmission, thereby improving safety. Furthermore, the AC output interface mounting hole is positioned adjacent to the motor, which helps shorten the distance between the motor controller and the motor's wiring terminals through the AC output interface mounting hole.

[0047] In this embodiment of the present application, the AC output interface mounting hole and the AC output interface communication hole are jointly used to accommodate the AC output interface. In a first direction, the AC output interface communication hole is located on the side of the AC output interface mounting hole away from the DC input interface mounting hole. The projection of the AC output interface communication hole overlaps the projection of the AC output interface mounting hole, facilitating the AC output interface to be sequentially inserted through the AC output interface mounting hole and the AC output interface communication hole. In this embodiment of the present application, the three-phase input copper busbar is respectively connected to the AC output interface and the electrical connector. This solution arranges for the projection of the three-phase input copper busbar to partially overlap with the projections of the winding connection hole and the AC output interface communication hole, which helps to reduce energy loss along the transmission path.

[0048] In an embodiment of the present application, the AC output interface connecting hole is located on the side of the cooling hole away from the motor shaft hole in the radial direction of the motor. That is, the AC output interface connecting hole, cooling hole, winding connection hole, and motor shaft hole are arranged in sequence along the radial direction of the motor. The positional relationship of the above-mentioned through-holes reflects the layout characteristics of the AC output interface, input copper busbar, electrical connector, and motor shaft, that is, it conforms to the flow of energy and shortens the energy transfer path in the powertrain. The motor end cover integrates the AC output interface connecting hole, cooling hole, winding connection hole, and motor shaft hole, which can reduce the volume of the motor end cover, thereby facilitating the miniaturization design and high power density of the motor.

[0049] In one embodiment, the motor controller includes a capacitor module, a power module and a copper busbar assembly, wherein the power module and the capacitor module are used to receive direct current, and the power module is used to output alternating current through the copper busbar assembly. The controller accommodating chamber is used to accommodate the capacitor module, the power module and the copper busbar assembly, wherein, along the first direction, the projection of any one of the DC input interface mounting hole and the AC output interface mounting hole overlaps at least partially with the projection of any one of the capacitor module and the power module. Along the second direction, the capacitor module and the power module are stacked and arranged, and along the third direction, the copper busbar assembly is arranged adjacent to the power module. The power module includes a plurality of bridge arm modules arranged adjacent to each other in sequence along the first direction. The third direction is perpendicular to the first direction. Along the third direction and the second direction, the projection of the motor shaft does not overlap with the projection of any one of the capacitor module, the power module and the AC output interface mounting hole. The controller accommodating cavity and the motor accommodating cavity at least partially overlap in the third direction, and the length of the overlapping portion in the third direction is less than half the outer diameter of the motor stator. The controller accommodating cavity and the motor accommodating cavity at least partially overlap in the second direction, and the cooling holes and the winding wiring holes each at least partially overlap with the controller accommodating cavity in the second direction. The length of the input copper busbar is greater than the distance between the AC output interface mounting hole and the winding wiring holes.

[0050] In an embodiment of the present application, energy transfer sequentially passes through the DC input interface mounting hole, the capacitor module, the power module, and the AC output interface mounting hole. The DC input interface mounting hole and the AC output interface mounting hole are arranged relative to each other along a first direction, that is, the power flow direction between the DC input interface mounting hole and the AC output interface mounting hole is the first direction. In this solution, the projection of the DC input interface mounting hole and the projection of the capacitor module at least partially overlap, so that the energy transfer path between the DC input interface mounting hole and the capacitor module is shorter, thereby facilitating the reduction of energy loss within the motor controller. The projection of the DC input interface mounting hole along the first direction refers to the projection of the area enclosed by the hole wall of the DC input interface mounting hole in the first direction.

[0051] In the embodiment of the present application, the projection of the DC input interface mounting hole and the projection of the power module at least partially overlap, which is beneficial to shortening the energy transfer path between the DC input interface mounting hole and the power module and reducing energy loss inside the motor controller.

[0052] In the embodiment of the present application, the projection of the DC input interface mounting hole at least partially overlaps with the projections of the capacitor module and the power module, which is beneficial to shortening the energy transfer path between the DC input interface mounting hole, the capacitor module, and the power module, and reducing the energy loss inside the motor controller.

[0053] In an embodiment of the present application, along a first direction, the projection of the AC output interface mounting hole and the projection of the capacitor module at least partially overlap, and energy transfer sequentially passes through the DC input interface mounting hole, the capacitor module, the power module, and the AC output interface mounting hole. The DC input interface mounting hole and the AC output interface mounting hole are arranged relative to each other along the first direction, that is, the power flow direction between the DC input interface mounting hole and the AC output interface mounting hole is the first direction. This solution sets the projection of the AC output interface mounting hole and the projection of the capacitor module to at least partially overlap, so that the energy transfer path between the AC output interface mounting hole and the capacitor module is shorter, thereby facilitating the reduction of energy loss within the motor controller. The projection of the AC output interface mounting hole along the first direction refers to the projection of the area enclosed by the hole wall of the AC output interface mounting hole in the first direction.

[0054] In the embodiment of the present application, the projection of the AC output interface mounting hole and the projection of the power module at least partially overlap, which is beneficial to shortening the energy transfer path between the AC output interface mounting hole and the power module and reducing energy loss inside the motor controller.

[0055] In the embodiment of the present application, the projection of the AC output interface mounting hole at least partially overlaps with the projections of the capacitor module and the power module, which is beneficial to shortening the energy transfer path among the AC output interface mounting hole, the capacitor module, and the power module, and reducing the energy loss inside the motor controller.

[0056] In an embodiment of the present application, the capacitor module and the power module are stacked along the second direction, and the copper busbar assembly and the power module are adjacently arranged along the third direction. Compared with arranging the capacitor module, the power module and the copper busbar assembly in a flat manner along the first direction, it is beneficial to reduce the size of the motor controller in the first direction, thereby reducing the volume of the powertrain. The capacitor module and the power module can be connected along the second direction, shortening the connection path, reducing power transmission energy consumption, and making the power flow between the capacitor module and the power module smooth. Along the first direction, a plurality of bridge arm modules are arranged adjacent to each other in sequence, and a plurality of bridge arm modules are used to constitute an inverter circuit to convert direct current into alternating current.

[0057] In an embodiment of the present application, the projections of the motor shaft and any of the capacitor module, power module, and AC output interface mounting holes in the second and third directions do not overlap, which is beneficial to reducing the size of the powertrain in the second and third directions. The controller accommodating cavity and the motor accommodating cavity are arranged along the second direction and at least partially overlap along the third direction, so that the total size of the motor controller and the motor in the third direction is reduced. The motor stator is fixedly nested in the motor accommodating cavity, and the length of the portion where the controller accommodating cavity overlaps with the motor accommodating cavity in the third direction is set to be less than half of the outer diameter of the motor stator, so that the projections of the controller accommodating cavity and the motor accommodating cavity in the third direction do not completely overlap, which can provide space for arranging other components or devices below the controller accommodating cavity, thereby improving the space utilization of the powertrain.

[0058] In an embodiment of the present application, the controller accommodating cavity and the motor accommodating cavity at least partially overlap in the second direction, so that the total size of the motor controller and the motor in the second direction becomes smaller, which is beneficial to reducing the volume of the powertrain and improving the power density. Between the motor controller and the motor, the alternating current is transmitted to the motor winding in sequence through the power module, the copper busbar assembly, the input copper busbar and the electrical connector. Among them, the power module and the copper busbar assembly are located in the controller accommodating cavity, the input copper busbar is corresponding to the cooling hole, and the electrical connector is located in the winding wiring hole. Therefore, the present solution sets the cooling hole and the winding wiring hole to overlap at least partially with the controller accommodating cavity in the second direction, so that the layout conforms to the direction of power flow, shortens the energy transmission path, and is beneficial to reducing the energy loss between the motor controller and the motor, and improving the performance of the powertrain.

[0059] In the embodiment of the present application, the AC output interface mounting hole is used to secure the AC output interface, and the winding wiring hole is used to accommodate the electrical connector. The AC output interface transmits AC power to the electrical connector via the input copper busbar. That is, the two ends of the input copper busbar are respectively used to electrically connect the AC output interface and the electrical connector. This solution provides that the length of the input copper busbar is greater than the distance between the AC output interface mounting hole and the winding wiring hole. This can reduce the difficulty of installing the input copper busbar and facilitate electrical connection of the input copper busbar to the AC output interface and the electrical connector.

[0060] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides an electric vehicle comprising a vehicle body, wheels, and a motor as described in any embodiment of the first aspect or a powertrain as described in any embodiment of the second aspect, wherein the motor or the powertrain is used to drive the wheels, the vehicle body is used to fix the motor or the powertrain, and the at least one cooling hole of the motor end cover in the motor or the powertrain fixed to the vehicle body is higher than the motor shaft hole in the direction of gravity.

[0061] In the embodiments of the present application, the flow of cooling oil is affected by gravity. When the motor is used in an electric vehicle, the cooling hole needs to be arranged higher than the motor shaft hole in the direction of gravity so that the flow path of the cooling oil between the cooling hole and the motor shaft hole follows the direction of gravity, which helps to reduce flow resistance. Applying the motor described in any embodiment of the first aspect or the powertrain described in any embodiment of the second aspect to an electric vehicle can help improve the performance of the electric vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application will be described below.

[0063] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0064] FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a powertrain according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0065] FIG3 is a partial exploded view of a powertrain according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] FIG4 is a partial enlarged view of the M1 portion of the powertrain shown in FIG3 ;

[0067] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a motor end cover provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0068] FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a powertrain according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0069] FIG7 is a cross-sectional view of the powertrain shown in FIG6 along AA;

[0070] FIG8 is a partial enlarged view of the M2 portion of the powertrain shown in FIG7 ;

[0071] FIG9 is a partial enlarged view of the M3 portion of the motor end cover shown in FIG5 ;

[0072] FIG10 is a schematic structural diagram of a powertrain according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0073] FIG11 is a cross-sectional view of the powertrain shown in FIG10 along line BB;

[0074] FIG12 is a partial enlarged view of the M4 portion of the powertrain shown in FIG11 ;

[0075] FIG13 is a partial enlarged view of the M5 portion of the powertrain shown in FIG10 ;

[0076] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a powertrain provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0077] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a powertrain provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0078] FIG16 is a partial exploded view of a powertrain according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0079] FIG17 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0080] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments.

[0081] As used herein, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. Throughout the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0082] In addition, in this article, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" are defined relative to the orientation of the structure schematically placed in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts. They are used for relative description and clarification, and they can change accordingly according to changes in the orientation of the structure.

[0083] For ease of understanding, the relevant technical terms involved in the embodiments of this application are explained and described below.

[0084] Parallel: The parallelism defined in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to absolute parallelism. This definition of parallelism can be understood as basic parallelism, which allows for situations where the absolute parallelism is not caused by factors such as assembly tolerance, design tolerance, and the influence of structural flatness.

[0085] Vertical: The vertical defined in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to an absolute vertical intersection relationship (an angle of 90 degrees). It allows for non-absolute vertical intersection relationships caused by factors such as assembly tolerance, design tolerance, and the influence of structural flatness. It allows for errors in a small angle range. For example, the assembly error range of 80 to 100 degrees can be understood as a vertical relationship.

[0086] The first direction Y is parallel to the motor axial direction, where the motor axial direction refers to the axial direction of the motor shaft.

[0087] The second direction Z is perpendicular to the first direction Y and the third direction X.

[0088] The third direction X is perpendicular to the first direction Y and the second direction Z.

[0089] In the powertrain of an electric vehicle, the motor generates significant heat when in operation, necessitating the introduction of cooling oil into the motor to control its temperature. However, current cooling oil utilization in the motor is low, and the cooling path is limited, resulting in suboptimal heat dissipation.

[0090] An embodiment of the present application provides a motor, which includes a motor end cover, a motor stator, a motor winding and a motor shaft. The motor end cover and the motor stator are arranged adjacent to each other along the axial direction of the motor. The motor end cover includes a motor shaft hole, a winding wiring hole and at least one cooling hole. The motor shaft hole is used to accommodate the motor shaft. The winding wiring hole is used to accommodate the electrical connector between the motor winding and the motor controller. The electrical connector generates heat when the electrode is working. When the temperature of the electrical connector rises, it will affect the working efficiency of the motor. Each cooling hole is used to connect the two sides of the motor end cover along the axial direction of the motor shaft, so that the cooling oil from the inside of the motor can flow out to the outside of the motor end cover through the cooling hole. Wherein: along the axial direction of the motor, the winding wiring hole, the motor shaft hole and the at least one cooling hole respectively pass through the motor end cover. Along the radial direction of the motor, the spacing between at least one cooling hole and the motor shaft hole is greater than the spacing between the winding connection hole and the motor shaft hole, and the spacing between the winding connection hole and at least one cooling hole is less than the spacing between the winding connection hole and the motor shaft hole. This places the winding connection hole closer to the cooling hole than the motor shaft hole, and the distance between the winding connection hole and the cooling hole is closer, which facilitates cooling oil flowing out of the cooling hole to cool the electrical connector in the winding connection hole that is closer. Furthermore, along the radial direction of the motor, the projection of at least one cooling hole overlaps with a portion of the projection of the winding connection hole, allowing the cooling oil flowing out of the cooling hole to contact more of the electrical connector in the winding connection hole, improving the cooling effect on the electrical connector and making the cooling holes and winding connection holes more concentrated in the motor end cover, which facilitates motor miniaturization.

[0091] The embodiment of the present application sets the size relationship of the spacing between the winding wiring hole, the motor shaft hole and at least one cooling hole along the radial direction of the motor, so that the cooling oil flowing out of the cooling hole can cool the electrical connector of the winding wiring hole, which is beneficial to improving the utilization rate and cooling effect of the cooling oil in the motor, and is conducive to realizing the miniaturization design of the motor and powertrain.

[0092] The motor provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to a powertrain. When the motor including the powertrain of the embodiment of the present application is applied to an electric vehicle, the overall performance of the electric vehicle is improved.

[0093] Please refer to Figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electric vehicle 1 provided in one embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, the electric vehicle 1 includes a powertrain 10, a vehicle body 20, a battery pack 30, and wheels 40. The powertrain 10 and battery pack 30 are fixed to the vehicle body 20. The powertrain 10 is used to receive power from the battery pack 30 and is used to drive the wheels 40.

[0094] In the embodiment of the present application, the battery pack 30 may also be referred to as a power battery.

[0095] In the embodiment of the present application, the electric vehicle 1 refers to a wheeled device driven or towed by a power device. In one embodiment, the electric vehicle 1 includes a passenger car, a commercial vehicle, or a special operation vehicle such as an engineering rescue vehicle, a water truck, a sewage suction truck, a cement mixer truck, a crane truck, a medical vehicle, etc. Exemplarily, the electric vehicle 1 includes an electric vehicle (EV), a pure electric vehicle (PEV / BEV), a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), a range extended electric vehicle (REEV), a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), a new energy vehicle (NEV), etc.

[0096] In an embodiment of the present application, the electric vehicle 1 includes one or more powertrains 10. In one embodiment, the electric vehicle 1 is a front-wheel drive or rear-wheel drive vehicle. The electric vehicle 1 includes a powertrain 10, and the powertrain 10 is used to transmit and connect the front wheels or rear wheels of the electric vehicle 1. In one embodiment, the electric vehicle 1 is a front and rear dual-wheel drive vehicle. The electric vehicle 1 includes two powertrains 10. The two powertrains 10 are respectively used to transmit and connect the front wheels and rear wheels of the electric vehicle 1. In one embodiment, the electric vehicle 1 is a front and rear four-wheel drive vehicle. The electric vehicle 1 includes four powertrains 10. The four powertrains 10 are respectively used to transmit and connect the four wheels of the electric vehicle 1.

[0097] Please refer to Figure 2, which is a structural schematic diagram of the powertrain 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application. In one embodiment, the powertrain 10 includes a motor 100. The direct current output by the battery pack 30 is converted into alternating current in the powertrain 10 and then transmitted to the motor 100, driving the motor shaft 140 of the motor 100 to rotate, thereby providing power to the wheels 40.

[0098] Please refer to Figures 2 and 3 in conjunction. Figure 3 is a partial exploded view of a powertrain 10 provided in one embodiment of the present application. In one embodiment, the powertrain 10 further includes a motor controller 200 and a reducer 300. The motor controller 200 is configured to receive direct current (DC) from the battery pack 30 and output AC power to the motor 100. The motor 100 receives the AC power output by the motor controller 200 and drives the wheels 40 of the electric vehicle 1. The reducer 300 transmits power from the motor 100 to the wheels 40.

[0099] In one embodiment, the power assembly 10 further includes an integrated housing 400 , which includes a reducer accommodating chamber 410 , a motor accommodating chamber 420 , and a controller accommodating chamber 430 .

[0100] In the embodiment of the present application, the motor housing cavity 420 is used to accommodate the motor 100. As shown in FIG3, the motor housing cavity 420 penetrates the integrated housing 400 along the first direction Y. The motor stator 120 is fixedly nested in the motor housing cavity 420.

[0101] In the embodiment of the present application, the reducer accommodating chamber 410 is used to accommodate the reducer 300 , the reducer accommodating chamber 410 is connected to the motor accommodating chamber 420 , and the motor shaft 140 of the motor 100 is fixed to the reducer input shaft of the reducer 300 .

[0102] In this embodiment of the present application, the controller housing chamber 430 is used to accommodate the motor controller 200. As shown in Figure 3, the controller housing chamber 430 and the motor housing chamber 420 are arranged along the second direction Z. In this embodiment of the present application, the motor controller 200 is used to receive direct current from the battery pack 30 and output alternating current to the motor 100.

[0103] In an embodiment of the present application, the integrated housing 400 is used to accommodate the motor 100, the motor controller 200 and the reducer 300, wherein the motor 100 is located in the motor accommodating cavity 420 of the integrated housing 400, the motor controller 200 is located in the controller accommodating cavity 430 of the integrated housing 400, and the reducer 300 is located in the reducer accommodating cavity 410 of the integrated housing 400.

[0104] The motor 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below.

[0105] Please refer to Figures 3 to 5 in combination. Figure 4 is a partial enlarged view of the M1 part of the power assembly 10 shown in Figure 3, and Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the motor end cover 110 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0106] As shown in FIG3 , the motor 100 includes a motor stator 120, a motor winding 130, a motor shaft 140, and a motor rotor (not shown). The alternating magnetic flux generated by the motor winding 130 interacts with the permanent magnetic flux generated by the motor rotor, causing the motor rotor to rotate relative to the motor stator 120. The motor rotor is fixedly connected to the motor shaft 140 so that the motor shaft 140 rotates with the rotor. The motor stator 120 is rotationally connected to the motor shaft 140 so that the motor shaft 140 can rotate relative to the motor stator 120, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. The output end of the motor shaft 140 is used to transmit the mechanical energy.

[0107] In one embodiment, the motor 100 further includes a motor end cover 110 (as shown in FIG3 ). The motor end cover 110 and the motor stator 120 are arranged adjacent to each other along the motor axial direction Y (as shown in FIG3 ). The motor end cover 110 includes a motor shaft hole 111, a winding connection hole 112, and at least one cooling hole 113 (as shown in FIG3 and FIG4 ). The winding connection hole 112 is used to accommodate the electrical connector 150 between the motor winding 130 and the motor controller 200 (as shown in combination with FIG2 to FIG4 ). The motor shaft hole 111 is used to accommodate the motor shaft 140 (as shown in FIG3 ). Each cooling hole 113 is used to connect the two sides of the motor end cover 110 along the axial direction of the motor shaft 140 (as shown in combination with FIG3 and FIG4 ). In an embodiment of the present application, the motor winding 130 is the winding in the motor stator 120. In one embodiment, the motor winding 130 also includes the winding in the motor rotor, or the winding of the motor stator and the winding of the motor rotor.

[0108] Among them, along the motor axial direction Y, the winding connection hole 112, the motor shaft hole 111 and the at least one cooling hole 113 respectively penetrate the motor end cover 110 (as shown in Figures 3 and 4). Along the motor radial direction R, the distance between at least one cooling hole 113 and the motor shaft hole 111 is greater than the distance between the winding connection hole 112 and the motor shaft hole 111 (as shown in Figure 5), and the distance between the winding connection hole 112 and the at least one cooling hole 113 is less than the distance between the winding connection hole 112 and the motor shaft hole 111 (as shown in Figures 3 and 5). The projection of at least one cooling hole 113 overlaps with the partial projection of the winding connection hole. Among them, the motor axial direction Y refers to the axial direction of the motor shaft 140, and the motor radial direction R refers to the radial direction of the motor shaft 140.

[0109] In an embodiment of the present application, the motor end cover 110 includes a winding connection hole 112, a motor shaft hole 111 and at least one cooling hole 113. Integrating the winding connection hole 112, the motor shaft hole 111 and the cooling hole 113 into one motor end cover 110 can reduce the volume of the motor end cover 110, which is conducive to achieving a miniaturized design and high power density of the motor 100.

[0110] One end of the motor shaft 140 is located in the motor shaft hole 111, and the electrical connector 150 is located in the winding connection hole 112 of the motor end cover 110. The motor controller 200 is connected to the motor winding 130 via the electrical connector 150. For example, the motor controller 200 converts the direct current input from the battery pack 30 into alternating current, and then transmits the alternating current to the motor winding 130 via the electrical connector 150.

[0111] The cooling hole 113 penetrates the motor end cover 110 along the motor axial direction Y, so that the cooling hole 113 connects both sides of the motor end cover 110 along the motor axial direction Y. Therefore, the cooling oil in the motor 100 can flow from the inside of the motor 100 to the outside of the motor 100 through the cooling hole 113. The inside of the motor 100 refers to the side of the motor end cover 110 close to the motor stator 120 along the motor axial direction Y, and the outside of the motor 100 refers to the side of the motor end cover 110 away from the motor stator 120 along the motor axial direction Y. In one embodiment, the types of cooling oil include ethylene glycol cooling oil, synthetic oil, and mineral oil. Exemplarily, the cooling oil is ethylene glycol cooling oil.

[0112] Continuing with FIG5 , the spacing dimension between the cooling hole 113 and the motor shaft hole 111 in the motor radial direction R is denoted as D1, the spacing dimension between the winding connection hole 112 and the motor shaft hole 111 in the motor radial direction R is denoted as D2, and the spacing dimension between the winding connection hole 112 and the cooling hole 113 in the motor radial direction R is denoted as D3. The line connecting the positions selected for measuring D1, D2, and D3 is parallel to the motor radial direction R. For example, the line connecting the positions of the cooling hole 113, the winding connection hole 112, and the motor shaft hole 111 selected for measuring D2 is a straight line, and the extension direction of the straight line passes through the axis of the motor shaft hole 111.

[0113] The arrangement of D1>D2>D3 indicates that cooling hole 113 is the hole farthest from motor axis O along the motor radial direction R among winding connection hole 112, motor shaft hole 111, and cooling hole 113. Cooling hole 113 is arranged adjacent to winding connection hole 112, so that cooling oil can cool electrical connector 150 in winding connection hole 112 through cooling hole 113. The cooling path of the cooling oil extends from the inside of motor 100 to the outside of motor 100, expanding the coverage of the cooling path and facilitating improved cooling oil utilization. In addition, cooling hole 113 is closer to winding connection hole 112 than motor shaft hole 111, and the path of cooling oil flowing from cooling hole 113 to electrical connector 150 is shorter, which is facilitating reduced thermal resistance, enhanced cooling effect on electrical connector 150, and ensured that electrical connector 150 can stably transmit AC power. Motor axis O refers to the axis of motor shaft 140.

[0114] In the embodiment of the present application, on the motor radial direction R, the projection of the cooling hole 113 overlaps with a partial projection of the winding wiring hole. Since the cooling hole 113 extends along the motor axial direction Y, and the motor axial direction Y is perpendicular to the motor radial direction R, the projection of the cooling hole 113 along the motor radial direction R refers to the projection of the hole wall of the cooling hole 113 along the motor radial direction R, and the same is true for the projection of the winding wiring hole along the motor radial direction R. In the embodiment of the present application, the cooling hole 113 and the winding wiring hole 112 are arranged along the motor radial direction R, so that the cooling oil flowing out of the cooling hole is more in contact with the electrical connector 150 of the winding wiring hole 112, thereby improving the cooling effect on the electrical connector 150, so that the cooling hole 113 and the winding wiring hole 112 are more concentrated in the motor end cover 110, and the arrangement is compact and regular, which is conducive to miniaturization of the motor. If the cooling holes 113 and the winding connection holes 112 are arranged along the motor circumferential direction C, the volume occupied by the motor end cover 110 may be increased, reducing the amount of cooling oil flowing out of the cooling holes 113 that contacts the electrical connector 150, thereby affecting the cooling effect.

[0115] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the projection along the motor radial direction R refers to the projection along the motor radial direction R on a projection plane perpendicular to the motor radial direction R, wherein the projection plane along the motor radial direction R is perpendicular to the motor radial direction R.

[0116] In one embodiment, at least one cooling hole 113 of the motor end cover 110 is higher than the motor shaft hole 111 in the direction of gravity. It is understandable that the flow of cooling oil is affected by gravity. In an embodiment of the present application, the cooling oil flows from the cooling hole 113 to the electrical connector 150 in the winding wiring hole 112, and the cooling hole 113, the winding wiring hole 112 and the motor shaft hole 111 are arranged in sequence along the motor radial direction R. When the motor 100 is used in an electric vehicle scenario, it is necessary to set the cooling hole 113 higher than the motor shaft hole 111 in the direction of gravity, which is equivalent to the cooling hole 113 being higher than the winding wiring hole 112 in the direction of gravity, so that the flow path of the cooling oil between the cooling hole 113 and the winding wiring hole 112 follows the direction of gravity, which is conducive to reducing flow resistance.

[0117] In the embodiment of the present application, by configuring the motor 100, cooling oil can flow from the inside of the motor 100 to the outside of the motor 100 through the cooling holes 113, allowing the cooling oil to cool the heat-generating components on the outside of the motor end cover 110, thereby expanding the range of the cooling path coverage and improving the utilization rate of the cooling oil. The cooling oil flows from the cooling holes 113 to the winding connection holes 112, allowing the electrical connectors 150 in the winding connection holes 112 to be cooled and dissipated, allowing the electrical connection to operate within a suitable temperature range, ensuring the stability of electrical transmission, and thereby improving the operating performance of the motor 100. Since the cooling holes 113 are arranged adjacent to the winding connection holes 112, the thermal resistance of the cooling oil is reduced and the cooling efficiency is improved. The motor end cover 110 integrates the cooling holes 113, the winding connection holes 112, and the motor shaft hole 111. The cooling holes 113 and the winding connection holes 112 are arranged along the motor radial direction R, and are arranged in a regular and compact manner. This helps to save the volume of the motor end cover 110 and further optimize the layout of the motor 100, thereby achieving a lightweight design of the motor 100.

[0118] Please refer to Figures 3, 6 to 8 in combination. Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a powertrain 10 provided in one embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the powertrain 10 shown in Figure 6 along AA. Figure 8 is a partial enlarged view of the M2 portion of the powertrain 10 shown in Figure 7. In one embodiment, the motor end cover 110 includes a plurality of cooling holes 113 (as shown in Figures 4 and 6), wherein: along the circumferential direction C of the motor, the plurality of cooling holes 113 are arranged in sequence (as shown in Figures 4 and 6), and the aperture of each cooling hole 113 is smaller than the spacing between two adjacent cooling holes 113 (as shown in Figures 4 and 6). Along the axial direction Y of the motor, the aperture of each cooling hole 113 facing the motor stator 120 is larger than the aperture of the opening away from the motor stator 120 (as shown in Figures 7 and 8).

[0119] In the embodiment of the present application, multiple spaced cooling holes 113 are provided in the motor end cap 110. This increases the cooling path for the cooling oil to flow to the outside of the motor 100, expands the cooling coverage of the cooling oil, and further improves the cooling oil's utilization rate. Because the cooling oil needs to cool the electrical connectors 150 in the winding connection holes 112 through the cooling holes 113, the spacing between two adjacent cooling holes 113 along the motor's circumferential direction C is greater than the aperture of each cooling hole 113. This helps increase the coverage of the cooling oil sprayed onto the electrical connectors 150, enhances the cooling effect on the electrical connectors 150, and reduces interference between cooling oils flowing from different cooling holes 113. Each cooling hole 113 has two openings along the motor axis Y (as shown in Figure 8), wherein the aperture of the opening facing the motor stator 120 is larger than the aperture of the opening away from the motor stator 120. In the embodiment of the present application, the aperture of the opening facing the motor stator 120 is set to be relatively large, which is conducive to more cooling oil flowing from the inside of the motor 100 through the cooling hole 113 to the outside of the motor 100. In addition, the aperture of the opening away from the motor stator 120 is set to be relatively small, so that the flow rate of the cooling oil flowing out of the opening away from the motor stator 120 is increased, and the cooling oil flowing out of the cooling hole 113 is sprayed onto the electrical connector 150 in a jet shape, thereby expanding the spray range of the cooling oil flowing out of the cooling hole 113 and improving the utilization rate of the cooling oil and the cooling effect on the motor 100.

[0120] Continuing to refer to FIG. 7 , in one embodiment, the distance between the at least one cooling hole 113 and the motor axis O is greater than half of the outer diameter of the motor stator 120 .

[0121] In the embodiment of the present application, the distance dimension value between one of the cooling holes 113 and the motor axis O is recorded as D4, and the dimension value of the outer diameter of the motor stator 120 is recorded as D5. Since the cooling hole 113 is opened in the motor end cover 110, this solution sets D4>0.5D5, so that the motor end cover 110 can completely cover the motor stator 120 along the motor axis Y, and the motor stator 120 will not block the cooling oil from flowing to the cooling hole 113.

[0122] Please refer to Figure 9, which is a partial enlarged view of the M3 part in the motor end cover 110 shown in Figure 5. In one embodiment, the width of the winding connection hole 112 along the motor circumferential direction C is greater than the width of the winding connection hole 112 along the motor radial direction R, greater than the total length of the connecting line of at least one cooling hole 113 along the motor circumferential direction C, and greater than the diameter of the motor shaft hole 111.

[0123] In the embodiment of the present application, the width of the winding connection hole 112 along the motor circumferential direction C is recorded as D6, the width of the winding connection hole 112 along the motor radial direction R is recorded as D7, the total length of the cooling hole 113 along the motor circumferential direction C is recorded as D8, and the diameter size of the motor shaft hole 111 is recorded as D9. This solution sets D6>D7 so that the winding connection hole 112 can adapt to the structural form of the electrical connector 150, making it easier for the winding connection hole 112 to accommodate the electrical connector 150. Setting D6>D8 can ensure that most of the cooling oil flowing out of the cooling hole 113 cools the electrical connector 150, thereby improving the utilization rate and cooling efficiency of the cooling oil. Since the cooling hole 113, the winding connection hole 112 and the motor shaft hole 111 are arranged in sequence along the motor radial direction R, this solution sets D6>D9, so that the winding connection hole 112 mainly occupies a certain size in the motor circumferential direction C rather than the motor radial direction R, which is beneficial to saving the overall size of the motor end cover 110 in the motor radial direction R. Since the total size of the motor end cover 110 in the motor radial direction R is fixed, the winding connection hole 112 occupies a smaller size in the motor radial direction R, so that the interval between the cooling hole 113 and the winding connection hole 112 is smaller, which facilitates the cooling oil to flow to the winding connection hole 112 through the cooling hole 113.

[0124] Continuing with Figures 3 and 4 , in one embodiment, the motor 100 includes an oil guide rib 160 (as shown in Figures 3 and 4 ). The oil guide rib 160 is used to transport cooling oil to the motor shaft hole 111. Along the motor axial direction Y, the oil guide rib 160 and the motor stator 120 are arranged on either side of the motor end cap 110 (as shown in Figure 3 ). Along the motor circumferential direction C, the oil guide rib 160 is arranged on the same side of the center of at least one cooling hole 113, the winding connection hole 112, and the motor shaft hole 111 (as shown in Figures 3 and 4 ). The length direction of the oil guide rib 160 intersects with the motor radial direction R, and along the length direction of the oil guide rib 160, one end of the oil guide rib 160 intersects with the motor shaft hole 111.

[0125] In the embodiment of the present application, the oil guide rib 160 and the motor stator 120 are located on the outside and inside of the motor 100, respectively, along the motor axial direction Y. The oil guide rib 160 is arranged along the motor circumferential direction C on the same side of the center of the cooling hole 113, the winding connection hole 112, and the motor shaft hole 111, so that the cooling oil can flow through the cooling hole 113 to the electrical connector 150 and then flow into the oil guide rib 160. The length direction of the oil guide rib 160 intersects with the motor radial direction R, which is equivalent to the center of the motor shaft hole 111 not being on the extension line of the oil guide rib 160. The oil guide rib 160 serves to guide the flow of cooling oil. Because one end of the oil guide rib 160 intersects with the motor shaft hole 111 along the length direction of the oil guide rib 160, the cooling oil flowing on the oil guide rib 160 can flow to the edge of the motor shaft hole 111 and enter the inside of the motor 100, thereby realizing the recycling of the cooling oil.

[0126] In one embodiment, the oil guide rib 160 is integrally formed with the motor end cover 110. This solution helps to improve the structural stability of the oil guide rib 160, allowing the cooling oil to flow smoothly on the oil guide rib 160, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect.

[0127] In one embodiment, the end of the oil guide rib 160 away from the motor shaft hole 111 is higher in the direction of gravity than the end of the oil guide rib 160 intersecting the motor shaft hole 111. It can be understood that the flow of cooling oil is affected by gravity. In the embodiment of the present application, the cooling oil flows from the cooling hole 113 to the winding connection hole 112, the oil guide rib 160 and the motor shaft hole 111 in sequence. When the motor 100 is used in a real scenario, it is necessary to set the end of the oil guide rib 160 away from the motor shaft hole 111 to be higher in the direction of gravity than the end of the oil guide rib 160 intersecting the motor shaft hole 111, so that the flow path of the cooling oil on the oil guide rib 160 follows the direction of gravity, which is conducive to reducing flow resistance.

[0128] Please continue to refer to Figure 9. In one embodiment, the distance between the oil guide rib 160 and the cooling hole 113 is greater than the distance between the oil guide rib 160 and the winding connection hole 112, and the distance between the oil guide rib 160 and the winding connection hole 112 is greater than the distance between the oil guide rib 160 and the motor shaft hole 111.

[0129] In the embodiment of the present application, since the oil guide rib 160 is roughly rectangular, the spacing between the cooling hole 113 and the oil guide rib 160 refers to the vertical distance from the cooling hole 113 to the oil guide rib 160. The same applies to the spacing between the winding connection hole 112 and the motor shaft hole 111 and the oil guide rib 160. The motor end cover 110 includes three cooling holes 113, and the spacing between the cooling hole 113 and the oil guide rib 160 refers to the minimum vertical distance from the cooling hole 113 to the oil guide rib 160. In the embodiment of the present application, the spacing between the oil guide rib 160 and the cooling hole 113 is denoted as D10, the spacing between the oil guide rib 160 and the winding connection hole 112 is denoted as D11, and the spacing between the oil guide rib 160 and the motor shaft hole 111 is denoted as D12. In this solution, D10 > D11, allowing cooling oil flowing out of cooling hole 113 to flow first through electrical connector 150 and then to oil guide rib 160. This increases the coverage of the cooling path and improves cooling oil utilization. Since oil guide rib 160 primarily guides cooling oil, the cooling oil is ultimately recovered and used to cool components within motor 100. Therefore, in this solution, D11 > D12, placing motor shaft hole 111 closer to oil guide rib 160 than winding connection hole 112, helps reduce cooling oil losses along the transmission path.

[0130] Please continue to refer to Figures 3 and 4. In one embodiment, the motor 100 includes an arc-shaped protrusion structure 141 (as shown in Figures 3 and 4). The arc-shaped protrusion structure 141 is used to fix the resolver sensor stator 170 (as shown in Figure 3). The oil guide rib 160 and the arc-shaped protrusion structure 141 are fixed to one side of the motor end cover 110 (as shown in Figure 3). One side of the motor end cover 110 is away from the motor stator 120 along the motor shaft 140 (as shown in Figure 3), wherein: the arc-shaped protrusion structure 141 is coaxially arranged with the motor shaft hole 111 (as shown in Figure 3), the inner diameter of the arc-shaped protrusion structure 141 is smaller than the inner diameter of the motor shaft hole 111, and one end of the oil guide rib 160 is fixedly connected to one end of the arc-shaped protrusion structure 141 along the motor circumferential direction C (as shown in Figures 3 and 4).

[0131] In this embodiment of the present application, the arc-shaped protrusion structure 141 and the oil guide rib 160 are both located outside the motor 100. The arc-shaped protrusion structure 141 is used to secure the resolver sensor stator 170, which is used to detect the rotational speed of the motor 100. The arc-shaped protrusion structure 141 is coaxial with the motor shaft hole 111, which is used to accommodate the motor shaft 140. This allows the resolver sensor stator 170, which is secured to the arc-shaped protrusion structure 141, to be coaxial with the motor shaft 140, facilitating rotational speed detection by the resolver sensor stator 170. The end of the oil guide rib 160 that intersects with the motor shaft hole 111 is fixedly connected to the end of the arc-shaped protrusion structure 141 along the motor circumference C. The inner diameter of the arc-shaped protrusion structure 141 is smaller than the inner diameter of the motor shaft hole 111. Since the cooling oil needs to flow to the motor shaft hole 111 through the oil guide rib 160, when the cooling oil flows to the connection between the oil guide rib 160 and the motor shaft hole 111, even if a small part of the cooling oil does not enter the motor shaft hole 111, the arc-shaped protrusion structure 141 can guide this part of the cooling oil into the motor shaft hole 111.

[0132] In one embodiment, the inner diameter of the arc-shaped protrusion 141 is equal to the inner diameter of the motor shaft hole 111. The motor shaft hole 111 is used to accommodate the motor bearing. The motor shaft 140 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the motor shaft hole 111 through the motor bearing. This solution makes it difficult for the motor bearing in the motor shaft hole 111 to fall out of the motor end cover 110.

[0133] Continuing to refer to Figures 3 and 4, in one embodiment, one side of the motor end cap 110 includes an oil guide groove 114 (as shown in Figures 3 and 4). The oil guide groove 114 is connected to the motor shaft hole 111 (as shown in Figures 3 and 4). Along the motor axial direction Y, the recessed direction of the oil guide groove 114 is opposite to the raised direction of the arc-shaped raised structure 141 (as shown in Figure 4). Along the motor radial direction R, the recessed direction of the oil guide groove 114 is away from the motor shaft 140 (as shown in Figure 4). Along the motor axial direction Y, the oil guide groove 114 is arranged between the motor shaft hole 111 and one end of the oil guide rib 160 (as shown in Figure 4).

[0134] In the embodiment of the present application, the oil guide groove 114, the oil guide rib 160, and the arc-shaped protrusion structure 141 are all located on the same side of the motor end cover 110. Since the distance between the inner wall of the motor shaft hole 111 and the motor shaft 140 is generally small, it is difficult for cooling oil located on the outside of the motor 100 to be transported to the inside of the motor 100. However, in this solution, the oil guide groove 114 is provided. In this embodiment, the oil guide rib 160, the oil guide groove 114, and the motor shaft hole 111 are arranged in sequence along the motor axial direction Y. The concave direction of the oil guide groove 114 is opposite to the convex direction of the arc-shaped protrusion structure 141, so that the oil guide groove 114 has an opening along the motor axial direction Y. The cooling oil on the oil guide rib 160 can flow into the oil guide groove 114 along the motor axial direction Y through this opening. Furthermore, in the motor radial direction R, the oil guide groove 114 is recessed in a direction away from the motor shaft 140, so that the oil guide groove 114 also has another opening along the motor radial direction R. Cooling oil flowing into the oil guide groove 114 can flow through this other opening along the motor radial direction R into the motor shaft hole 111, thereby cooling the inside of the motor 100. The oil guide groove 114 itself also serves as an oil storage function. Therefore, the oil guide groove 114 in this embodiment facilitates the recycling of cooling oil, transporting the recovered cooling oil to the inside of the motor 100, and increasing the amount of cooling oil entering.

[0135] In one embodiment, along the motor axial direction Y, the oil guide groove 114 is arranged between the motor shaft hole 111 and one end of the arc-shaped protrusion structure 141. In this embodiment of the present application, along the motor axial direction Y, the arc-shaped protrusion structure 141, the oil guide groove 114, and the motor shaft hole 111 are arranged in sequence. Cooling oil flows into the oil guide groove 114 and the motor shaft hole 111 through the oil guide rib 160. The arc-shaped protrusion structure 141 can guide the cooling oil.

[0136] Please refer to Figures 10 to 12. Figure 10 is a structural schematic diagram of a powertrain 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of the powertrain 10 shown in Figure 10 along line BB. Figure 12 is a partial enlarged view of the M4 portion of the powertrain 10 shown in Figure 11. In one embodiment, the motor 100 further includes a motor bearing 180 (as shown in Figures 11 and 12), the resolver sensor stator 170 and the motor bearing 180 are both sleeved on the motor shaft 140 and located in the motor shaft hole 111 (as shown in Figures 11 and 12), the resolver sensor stator 170, the motor bearing 180, and the motor stator 120 are arranged along the axial direction of the motor shaft 140 (as shown in combination with Figures 10 to 12), the resolver sensor stator 170, the motor shaft 140, the motor bearing 180, and the hole wall of the motor shaft hole 111 form a motor bearing chamber 181 (as shown in Figures 11 and 12), the oil guide groove 114 at least partially overlaps with the radial projection of the resolver sensor stator 170 along the motor shaft 140, and the oil guide groove 114 is connected to the motor bearing chamber 181.

[0137] Among them, the motor bearing 180 is used to bear the load from the motor shaft 140, reduce friction, and ensure that the motor 100 runs smoothly under high-speed conditions. If the motor bearing 180 is not lubricated enough, the motor bearing 180 may be burned or damaged. In an embodiment of the present application, the motor bearing 180 is located in the motor bearing chamber 181, and the oil guide groove 114 is connected to the motor bearing chamber 181. The cooling oil can enter the motor bearing chamber 181 through the oil guide groove 114 and contact the motor bearing 180 to lubricate the motor bearing 180, avoid damage to the motor bearing 180, increase its service life, and ensure long-term stable operation of the motor 100. The motor bearing chamber 181 can also be used to temporarily store liquid so that the motor bearing 180 is better lubricated.

[0138] In the embodiment of the present application, the oil guide groove 114 and the projection of the resolver sensor stator 170 in the radial direction of the motor at least partially overlap, so that the cooling oil entering the oil guide groove 114 can also cool the resolver sensor stator 170, expand the coverage of the cooling oil, and improve the heat dissipation effect.

[0139] Continuing with FIG3 , in one embodiment, motor 100 includes a wiring cover fixing structure 142 along the axial direction of motor shaft 140 . Wiring cover fixing structure 142 is used to fix the wiring cover 102 of motor 100 . Along motor axial direction Y, wiring cover fixing structure 142 is fixed to one side of motor end cap 110 . Wiring cover fixing structure 142 and motor stator 120 are arranged on either side of motor end cap 110 . The area enclosed by the projection of wiring cover fixing structure 142 covers motor shaft hole 111 , arc-shaped protrusion 141 , winding wiring hole 112 , and cooling hole 113 . Along the radial direction of the motor, the projection of wiring cover fixing structure 142 covers the projection of arc-shaped protrusion 141 .

[0140] In the embodiment of the present application, the wiring cover plate 102, the cooling holes 113, the winding wiring holes 112, the motor shaft hole 111, and the arc-shaped protrusion structure 141 are all located outside the motor 100. The area enclosed by the projection of the wiring cover plate fixing structure 142 covers the cooling holes 113, the winding wiring holes 112, the motor shaft hole 111, and the arc-shaped protrusion structure 141 along the motor axial direction Y. The wiring cover plate fixing structure 142 is used to fix the wiring cover plate 102. The provision of the wiring cover plate fixing structure 142 and the wiring cover plate 102 in this solution can play the following roles: prevent the cooling oil flowing out of the cooling holes 113 from being mixed with impurities, reduce the influence of the external environment on the electrical connection between the electrical connector 150 and the motor controller 200, and prevent impurities from entering the motor shaft hole 111. In addition, it can also ensure the fixed connection between the arc-shaped protrusion structure 141 and the resolver sensor stator 170, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the motor 100 from multiple aspects. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the projection along the motor axis Y refers to the projection along the motor axis Y on the projection plane perpendicular to the motor axis Y, wherein the projection plane along the motor axis Y is perpendicular to the motor axis Y.

[0141] In the embodiment of the present application, the projection of the wiring cover fixing structure 142 along the radial direction of the motor covers the projection of the arc-shaped protrusion structure 141 along the radial direction of the motor, indicating that in the axial direction Y of the motor, the size value of the wiring cover fixing structure 142 is greater than the size value of the arc-shaped protrusion structure 141, that is, the height of the wiring cover 102 protruding along the axial direction Y of the motor is greater than the height of the arc-shaped protrusion structure 141 protruding along the axial direction Y of the motor.

[0142] In the embodiment of the present application, the arrangement direction of the AC output interface connecting hole 115, the cooling hole 113, the winding wiring hole 112, and the motor shaft hole 111 is roughly parallel to the motor radial direction R, making the electrical interface layout of the motor more compact, and also helping to reduce the volume of the wiring cover 102 and save costs.

[0143] In one embodiment, the end of the oil guide rib 160 away from the motor shaft hole 111 intersects with the wiring cover fixing structure 142. In this embodiment of the present application, when cooling oil flows from the cooling hole 113 and the electrical connector 150 to the oil guide rib 160, even if some cooling oil falls on the connection between the wiring cover fixing structure 142 and the oil guide rib 160, the wiring cover fixing structure 142 can still guide the cooling oil to the oil guide rib 160, thereby improving the utilization rate of the cooling oil.

[0144] The motor 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to the powertrain 10 .

[0145] Please continue to refer to Figures 2 and 3. In one embodiment, the powertrain 10 includes a motor controller 200, a three-phase input copper busbar 101, and a motor 100 (as shown in combination with Figures 2 and 3). The three-phase input copper busbar 101 is electrically connected to the motor winding 130 and the motor controller 200 through the winding connection hole 112 (as shown in combination with Figures 2 and 3). The three-phase input copper busbar 101 includes three input copper busbars 1011 (as shown in Figures 2 and 3). The three input copper busbars 1011 are arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction C of the motor (as shown in Figures 2 and 3).

[0146] In the embodiment of the present application, the electrical connector 150 between the motor controller 200 and the motor winding 130 includes a three-phase input copper busbar 101, which is connected to the motor controller 200 and the motor winding 130, respectively. The motor controller 200 is used to convert direct current into alternating current, which the motor controller 200 then outputs to the motor winding 130 via the three-phase input copper busbar 101. The three-phase input copper busbar 101 is connected to the motor winding 130 via the electrical connector 150 in the winding wiring hole 112. Three input copper busbars 1011 in the three-phase input copper busbar 101 transmit three-phase alternating current to the motor winding 130. The three input copper busbars 1011 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction C of the motor, which helps to reduce electrical interference between the three input copper busbars 1011 and ensure the stability of the electrical connection.

[0147] Please refer to Figure 13, which is a partial enlarged view of the M5 part of the power assembly 10 shown in Figure 10. In one embodiment, the motor end cover 110 includes three cooling holes 113, and the distance between two adjacent input copper bars 1011 is greater than the aperture of each cooling hole 113. The aperture of each cooling hole 113 along the circumference of the motor shaft 140 is smaller than the width of each input copper bar 1011. The three cooling holes 113 are respectively arranged on one side of the midpoint of the three input copper bars 1011 in the clockwise direction, and the distance between the midpoint of the input copper bar 1011 and the two side edges of the input copper bar 1011 along the circumference C of the motor is equal.

[0148] In the present application embodiment, along the projection of motor axial direction Y three cooling holes 113 and the projection of three input copper bars 1011 midpoint do not overlap, that is, three cooling holes 113 are corresponding to three input copper bars 1011 and are misplaced. When input copper bar 1011 is transmitting electric energy, part of the electric power can be converted into heat, causing input copper bar 1011 to generate heat, therefore it is necessary to cool input copper bar 1011. As will be appreciated, motor 100 will be in the state of high-speed rotation when working, and the cooling oil flowing out of cooling holes 113 will be subject to the effect of centrifugal force, causing the motion path of cooling oil outside motor 100 to not be parallel with motor axial direction Y. To ensure that cooling oil can be sprayed into three-phase input copper bar 101 under the effect of centrifugal force, this scheme arranges each cooling hole 113 and corresponds to an input copper bar 1011 respectively and each cooling hole 113 and corresponding input copper bar 1011 are misplaced so that cooling oil can effectively cool three-phase input copper bar 101.

[0149] In the embodiment of the present application, the spacing between two adjacent input copper bars 1011 is greater than the diameter of the cooling hole 113, which can prevent electrical interference caused by too small a spacing between the input copper bars 1011. The width of each input copper bar 1011 in the motor circumferential direction C is set to be greater than the diameter of the cooling hole 113, which can ensure that most cooling oil flows to the input copper bar 1011, thereby improving cooling oil utilization.

[0150] It should be noted that the clockwise direction in the embodiment of the present application is only a relative concept. Under different observation angles or installation methods, the three cooling holes 113 and the three input copper bars 1011 may present different positional relationships. As long as the cooling oil can be sprayed to the input copper bar 1011 through the cooling holes 113, the input copper bar 1011 can be cooled.

[0151] Please refer to Figure 14, which is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the powertrain 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application. In one embodiment, the powertrain 10 includes an integrated housing 400, and the integrated housing 400 includes a reducer accommodating chamber 410 and a motor accommodating chamber 420. The motor accommodating chamber 420 is used to accommodate the motor 100, and the reducer accommodating chamber 410 is used to accommodate the reducer 300. Along the first direction Y, the motor accommodating chamber 420 passes through the integrated housing 400 and is connected to the reducer accommodating chamber 410. The motor shaft 140 of the motor 100 is used to drive the reducer 300. The first direction Y is parallel to the motor axial direction Y. Along the first direction Y, the motor end cover 110 and the reducer 300 are respectively arranged on both sides of the motor 100.

[0152] In the embodiment of the present application, the motor axis Y is recorded as the first direction Y, and the integrated housing 400 is used to accommodate the reducer 300 and the motor 100 inside, wherein the reducer 300 is located in the reducer accommodating cavity 410, and the motor 100 is located in the motor accommodating cavity 420, and the reducer 300 and the motor 100 share an integrated housing 400. In the embodiment of the present application, the reducer 300 includes a reducer input shaft, a reducer bearing, a gear assembly, etc., and the part of the integrated housing 400 that encloses the reducer accommodating cavity 410 constitutes the reducer accommodating shell of the reducer 300. The part of the integrated housing 400 that encloses the motor accommodating cavity 420 constitutes the motor accommodating shell of the motor 100. In one embodiment, the reducer accommodating shell and the motor accommodating shell are an integrally formed structure, or the integrated housing 400 is an integrally formed structure. In one embodiment, the reducer accommodating shell and the motor accommodating shell share adjacent parts of the shell.

[0153] In the embodiment of the present application, the powertrain 10 is a two-in-one powertrain 10, using an integrated housing 400 to accommodate the reducer 300 and the motor 100. Compared to a separate powertrain 10, the embodiment of the present application is conducive to improving the integration of the powertrain 10, thereby increasing the space utilization of the powertrain 10 and reducing costs. In addition, the embodiment of the present application can also enhance the stability of the overall structure of the powertrain 10. In one embodiment, the motor 100 can also be used as a separate product in conjunction with the reducer and controller.

[0154] In the embodiment of the present application, the motor shaft 140 of the motor 100 is fixedly connected to the reducer 300. After receiving the alternating current transmitted by the input copper busbar 1011, the motor 100 converts the electrical energy into mechanical energy and transmits the power to the reducer 300 via the motor shaft 140. The reducer 300 then drives the wheels 40 to rotate. The input copper busbar 1011, the motor end cap 110, the motor 100, and the reducer 300 are arranged in sequence along the motor axis Y, conforming to the energy transmission path and facilitating energy loss reduction.

[0155] Please continue to refer to Figures 14 and 17. Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the powertrain 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application. In one embodiment, the powertrain 10 includes an integrated housing 400, and the integrated housing 400 includes a controller accommodating cavity 430, a DC input interface mounting hole 440, and an AC output interface mounting hole 450.

[0156] In the embodiment of the present application, the controller accommodating cavity 430 is used to accommodate the motor controller 200 , and the controller accommodating cavity 430 and the motor accommodating cavity 420 are arranged along the second direction Z, which is perpendicular to the first direction Y.

[0157] 14 and 17 , the motor controller 200 further includes a DC input interface 270. The DC input interface mounting hole 440 is used to fix the DC input interface 270. The DC input interface 270 is used to connect to the battery pack to receive DC power.

[0158] As shown in Figures 14 and 17 , the motor controller 200 further includes an AC output interface 260. The AC output interface mounting holes 450 are used to secure the AC output interface 260. The AC output interface 260 is connected to electrically connect the copper busbar assembly 240 and the three input copper busbars 1011. In this embodiment of the present application, the AC output interface 260 includes three wiring ports 261, which are used to electrically connect to the wiring terminals of the motor windings 130 through the three input copper busbars 1011, respectively. The three input copper busbars 1011 are arranged in an alternating pattern.

[0159] In an embodiment of the present application, the integrated housing 400 is used to accommodate the reducer 300, motor 100, and motor controller 200 inside. The motor controller 200 includes a capacitor module 220, a power module 230, a circuit board 250, a copper busbar assembly 240, etc. The portion of the integrated housing 400 that encloses the controller accommodating cavity 430 constitutes the controller accommodating shell of the motor controller 200. In one embodiment, the reducer accommodating shell, the motor accommodating shell, and the controller accommodating shell are an integrally molded structure, or the integrated housing 400 is an integrally molded structure. In one embodiment, the reducer accommodating shell, the motor accommodating shell, and the control accommodating shell share adjacent portions of the shell.

[0160] In the embodiment of the present application, the powertrain 10 is a three-in-one powertrain 10, which uses an integrated housing 400 to accommodate the reducer 300, the motor 100 and the motor controller 200. Compared with the split powertrain 10, the embodiment of the present application is conducive to improving the integration of the powertrain 10, thereby increasing the space utilization of the powertrain 10 and reducing the cost. In addition, the embodiment of the present application can also enhance the stability of the overall structure of the powertrain 10.

[0161] Referring to Figures 3 and 14 , the motor end cover 110 includes an AC output interface connecting hole 115 (as shown in Figure 3 ). Along a first direction Y, the DC input interface mounting hole 440 and the AC output interface mounting hole 450 respectively extend through the integrated housing 400 and communicate with the controller accommodating cavity 430 (as shown in Figure 14 ). The AC output interface connecting hole 115 extends through the motor end cover 110 (as shown in Figure 3 ). The DC input interface mounting hole 440 and the AC output interface mounting hole 450 are arranged opposite each other (as shown in Figure 14 ). The projection of the AC output interface connecting hole 115 overlaps the projection of the AC output interface mounting hole 450 (as shown in Figures 3 and 14 ). The projection of the three-phase input copper busbar 101 partially overlaps with the projections of the winding connection holes 112 and the AC output interface connecting hole 115.

[0162] In the embodiment of the present application, the DC input interface mounting hole 440 and the AC output interface mounting hole 450 are arranged opposite each other along the first direction Y and are respectively located at opposite ends of the controller accommodating chamber 430 along the first direction Y. This embodiment of the present application helps prevent electrical interference between DC and AC power during transmission, thereby improving safety. In addition, the AC output interface mounting hole 450 is arranged adjacent to the motor 100, which helps shorten the distance between the motor controller 200 and the terminal of the motor 100 through the AC output interface in the AC output interface mounting hole 450.

[0163] In the embodiment of the present application, the AC output interface mounting hole 450 and the AC output interface connecting hole 115 are jointly used to accommodate the AC output interface 260. In the first direction Y, the AC output interface connecting hole 115 is located on the side of the AC output interface mounting hole 450 away from the DC input interface mounting hole 440. The projection of the AC output interface connecting hole 115 overlaps the projection of the AC output interface mounting hole 450, facilitating the AC output interface 260 to be sequentially inserted through the AC output interface mounting hole 450 and the AC output interface connecting hole 115. In the embodiment of the present application, the three-phase input copper busbar 101 is respectively connected to the AC output interface 260 and the electrical connector 150. In this solution, the projection of the three-phase input copper busbar 101 partially overlaps with the projections of the winding connection hole 112 and the AC output interface connecting hole, which helps to reduce energy loss in the transmission path.

[0164] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present application, the projection along the first direction Y refers to the projection along the first direction Y on a projection plane perpendicular to the first direction Y, wherein the projection plane of the projection along the first direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction Y. The projection along the second direction Z refers to the projection along the second direction Z on a projection plane perpendicular to the second direction Z, wherein the projection plane of the projection along the second direction Z is perpendicular to the second direction Z. The projection along the third direction X refers to the projection along the third direction X on a projection plane perpendicular to the third direction X, wherein the projection plane of the projection along the third direction X is perpendicular to the third direction X.

[0165] The projection of the AC output interface communication hole 115 along the first direction Y refers to the projection of the area enclosed by the hole wall of the AC output interface communication hole 115 along the first direction Y.

[0166] It is understood that in the embodiment of the present application, since the extension direction of the AC output interface connecting hole 115 is parallel or substantially parallel to the projection direction (i.e., the first direction Y), the projection of the AC output interface connecting hole 115 refers to the projection of the area enclosed by the hole wall of the AC output interface connecting hole 115. The above explanation also applies to the projections of other through holes in the embodiment of the present application.

[0167] Please continue to refer to Figure 3. Along the motor radial direction R, the distance between the AC output interface connecting hole 115 and the motor shaft hole 111 is greater than the distance between the cooling hole 113 and the motor shaft hole 111. In an embodiment of the present application, in the motor radial direction R, the AC output interface connecting hole 115 is located on the side of the cooling hole 113 away from the motor shaft hole 111, that is, the AC output interface connecting hole 115, the cooling hole 113, the winding connection hole 112 and the motor shaft hole 111 are arranged in sequence along the motor radial direction R. The positional relationship of the above-mentioned through holes reflects the layout characteristics of the AC output interface 260, the input copper bus 1011, the electrical connector 150 and the motor shaft 140, that is, it conforms to the flow direction of energy and shortens the energy transfer path in the power assembly 10. The motor end cover 110 integrates the AC output interface connecting hole 115, the cooling hole 113, the winding connection hole 112 and the motor shaft hole 111, which can reduce the volume of the motor end cover 110, thereby facilitating the miniaturization design and high power density of the motor 100.

[0168] Please continue to refer to Figure 14. In one embodiment, the motor controller 200 includes a capacitor module 220, a power module 230 and a copper busbar assembly 240. The power module 230 and the capacitor module 220 are used to receive direct current, and the power module 230 is used to output alternating current through the copper busbar assembly 240. The controller accommodating cavity 430 is used to accommodate the capacitor module 220, the power module 230 and the copper busbar assembly 240.

[0169] The capacitor module 220 is used to transmit and adjust direct current, and the copper busbar assembly 240 is used to transmit the alternating current output by the power module 230 .

[0170] Continuing to refer to FIG. 14 and FIG. 17 , along the first direction Y, the projection of the DC input interface mounting hole 440 at least partially overlaps with the projection of the capacitor module 220 . In the embodiment of the present application, energy transfer sequentially passes through the DC input interface 270 in the DC input interface mounting hole 440 , the capacitor module 220 , the power module 230 , and the AC output interface 260 in the AC output interface mounting hole 450 . The DC input interface mounting hole 440 and the AC output interface mounting hole 450 are arranged relative to each other along the first direction Y, that is, the power flow between the DC input interface 270 and the AC output interface 260 is in the first direction Y. In this solution, the projection of the DC input interface mounting hole 440 is arranged to at least partially overlap with the projection of the capacitor module 220 , so that the energy transfer path between the DC input interface 270 in the DC input interface mounting hole 440 and the capacitor module 220 is shorter, thereby facilitating reduced energy loss within the motor controller 200 . The projection of the DC input interface mounting hole 440 along the first direction Y refers to the projection of the area enclosed by the hole wall of the DC input interface mounting hole 440 along the first direction Y.

[0171] In one embodiment, the projection of the DC input interface mounting hole 440 at least partially overlaps with the projection of the power module 230 (as shown in FIG14 ). This solution helps shorten the energy transfer path between the DC input interface 270 in the DC input interface mounting hole 440 and the power module 230, thereby reducing energy loss within the motor controller 200.

[0172] In one embodiment, the projection of the DC input interface mounting hole 440 at least partially overlaps with the projections of the capacitor module 220 and the power module 230 (as shown in FIG14 ). This solution helps shorten the energy transfer path between the DC input interface 270, the capacitor module 220, and the power module 230 in the DC input interface mounting hole 440, thereby reducing energy loss within the motor controller 200.

[0173] Along the first direction Y, the projection of the AC output interface mounting hole 450 at least partially overlaps with the projection of the capacitor module 220. In the embodiment of the present application, energy transfer sequentially passes through the DC input interface 270, the capacitor module 220, the power module 230 in the DC input interface mounting hole 440, and the AC output interface 260 in the AC output interface mounting hole 450. The DC input interface mounting hole 440 and the AC output interface mounting hole 450 are arranged relative to each other along the first direction Y, that is, the power flow between the DC input interface 270 and the AC output interface 260 is in the first direction Y. In this embodiment, the projection of the AC output interface mounting hole 450 is arranged to at least partially overlap with the projection of the capacitor module 220, thereby shortening the energy transfer path between the AC output interface mounting hole 450 and the capacitor module 220, thereby facilitating the reduction of energy loss within the motor controller 200. The projection of the AC output interface mounting hole 450 along the first direction Y refers to the projection of the area enclosed by the hole wall of the AC output interface mounting hole 450 in the first direction Y.

[0174] In one embodiment, the projection of the AC output interface mounting hole 450 at least partially overlaps with the projection of the power module 230. This solution helps shorten the energy transfer path between the AC output interface 260 and the power module 230 in the AC output interface mounting hole 450, thereby reducing energy loss within the motor controller 200.

[0175] In one embodiment, the projection of the AC output interface mounting hole 450 at least partially overlaps with the projections of the capacitor module 220 and the power module 230. This solution helps shorten the energy transfer path between the AC output interface 260, the capacitor module 220, and the power module 230 in the AC output interface mounting hole 450, thereby reducing energy loss within the motor controller 200.

[0176] Continuing with Figure 14 , capacitor module 220 and power module 230 are stacked along a second direction Z, and copper busbar assembly 240 is arranged adjacent to power module 230 along a third direction X. Power module 230 includes a plurality of bridge arm modules 231 arranged adjacent to each other along a first direction Y. The third direction X is perpendicular to the first direction Y.

[0177] In an embodiment of the present application, the capacitor module 220 and the power module 230 are stacked along the second direction Z, and the copper busbar assembly 240 and the power module 230 are adjacently arranged along the third direction X. Compared to arranging the capacitor module 220, the power module 230 and the copper busbar assembly 240 in a flat manner along the first direction Y, this solution is conducive to reducing the size of the motor controller 200 in the first direction Y, thereby reducing the volume of the powertrain 10. The capacitor module 220 and the power module 230 can be connected along the second direction Z to shorten the connection path, reduce power transmission energy consumption, and make the power flow between the capacitor module 220 and the power module 230 smooth. Along the first direction Y, multiple bridge arm modules 231 are arranged adjacent to each other in sequence, and multiple bridge arm modules 231 are used to form an inverter circuit to convert direct current into alternating current.

[0178] Please refer to Figures 14 and 15 in conjunction. Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the powertrain 10 provided in one embodiment of the present application. Along the third direction X and the second direction Z, the projection of the motor shaft 140 does not overlap with the projection of any of the capacitor module 220, the power module 230, and the AC output interface mounting hole 450 (as shown in Figure 14). The controller accommodating cavity 430 and the motor accommodating cavity 420 at least partially overlap in the third direction X (as shown in Figures 14 and 15). The length of the portion of the controller accommodating cavity 430 and the motor accommodating cavity 420 that overlaps in the third direction X is less than half the outer diameter of the motor stator 120 (as shown in Figure 15).

[0179] In the embodiment of the present application, the projections of the motor shaft 140 and any of the capacitor module 220, the power module 230, and the AC output interface mounting hole 450 in the second direction Z and the third direction X do not overlap, which is beneficial to reducing the size of the power assembly 10 in the second direction Z and the third direction X. The controller accommodating chamber 430 and the motor accommodating chamber 420 are arranged along the second direction Z and at least partially overlap along the third direction X, so that the total size of the motor controller 200 and the motor 100 in the third direction X is reduced. The size of the portion where the controller accommodating chamber 430 and the motor accommodating chamber 420 overlap in the third direction X is D13, the outer diameter of the motor stator 120 is D5, and the motor stator 120 is fixedly nested in the motor accommodating chamber 420. In this solution, D13<0.5D5 (as shown in Figure 15) is set so that the projections of the controller accommodating chamber 430 and the motor accommodating chamber 420 in the third direction X do not completely overlap, which can provide space for other components or devices to be arranged below the controller accommodating chamber 430, thereby improving the space utilization of the power assembly 10.

[0180] Please continue to refer to Figures 3 and 15. The controller accommodating chamber 430 and the motor accommodating chamber 420 at least partially overlap in the second direction Z (as shown in Figure 15), and the cooling hole 113 and the winding wiring hole 112 respectively overlap with the controller accommodating chamber 430 at least partially in the second direction Z (as shown in Figure 3). In an embodiment of the present application, the controller accommodating chamber 430 and the motor accommodating chamber 420 at least partially overlap in the second direction Z, so that the total size value of the motor controller 200 and the motor 100 in the second direction Z becomes smaller, which is conducive to reducing the volume of the powertrain 10 and improving the power density. Between the motor controller 200 and the motor 100, the alternating current is transmitted to the motor winding 130 in sequence through the power module 230, the copper busbar assembly 240, the input copper busbar 1011 and the electrical connector 150. Among them, the power module 230 and the copper busbar assembly 240 are located in the controller accommodating cavity 430, the input copper busbar 1011 is arranged corresponding to the cooling hole 113, and the electrical connector 150 is located in the winding wiring hole 112. Therefore, this solution sets the cooling hole 113 and the winding wiring hole 112 to at least partially overlap with the controller accommodating cavity 430 in the second direction Z, so that the layout conforms to the direction of power flow, shortens the energy transmission path, and is beneficial to reducing the energy loss between the motor controller 200 and the motor 100, and improving the performance of the powertrain 10.

[0181] Please continue to refer to Figure 3. The length of the input copper bar 1011 is greater than the distance between the AC output interface mounting hole 450 and the winding wiring hole 112. In the embodiment of the present application, the AC output interface mounting hole 450 is used to fix the AC output interface 260, and the winding wiring hole 112 is used to accommodate the electrical connector 150. The AC output interface 260 transmits AC power to the electrical connector 150 through the input copper bar 1011, that is, the two ends of the input copper bar 1011 are respectively used to electrically connect the AC output interface 260 and the electrical connector 150. This solution sets the length of the input copper bar 1011 to be greater than the distance between the AC output interface mounting hole 450 and the winding wiring hole 112, which can reduce the difficulty of installing the input copper bar 1011 and facilitate the electrical connection of the input copper bar 1011 to the AC output interface 260 and the electrical connector 150.

[0182] Please continue to refer to Figures 14 and 17. In one embodiment, the integrated housing 400 also includes a power interface mounting hole 460. The power interface mounting hole 460 is used to fix the power interface, and the power interface is used to electrically connect a phase winding of the motor 100 and an external power supply. In an embodiment of the present application, the motor controller 200 and the motor 100 in the powertrain 10 can form a voltage conversion circuit, and the voltage conversion circuit can receive power from an external power supply through the power interface and charge the battery pack 30. In one embodiment, the voltage of the external power supply is greater than the charging voltage of the battery pack 30, and the voltage conversion circuit composed of the motor controller 200 and the motor 100 is used for step-down conversion. In one embodiment, the voltage of the external power supply is less than the charging voltage of the battery pack 30, and the voltage conversion circuit composed of the motor controller 200 and the motor 100 is used for step-up conversion.

[0183] In one embodiment, the positive terminal of the power interface is used to electrically connect one phase of the copper busbar assembly 240 to the positive terminal of an external power source, and the other negative terminal of the power interface is used to electrically connect to the positive terminal of the battery pack through the DC input interface 270 in the DC input interface mounting hole 440. In one embodiment, the negative terminal of the power interface is used to electrically connect one phase of the copper busbar assembly 240 to the negative terminal of an external power source, and the other positive terminal of the power interface is used to electrically connect to the positive terminal of the battery pack through the DC input interface 270 in the DC input interface mounting hole 440.

[0184] In the embodiment of the present application, the power interface mounting hole 460 extends through the integrated housing 400 along a first direction Y and communicates with the controller accommodating cavity 430. The power interface mounting hole 460 and the DC input interface mounting hole 440 are arranged opposite each other along the first direction Y. In one embodiment, an external power source charges the battery pack 30 through the power interface, the motor controller 200, and the DC input interface 270 in the DC input interface mounting hole 440. Arranging the power interface mounting hole 460 and the DC input interface mounting hole 440 opposite each other along the first direction Y facilitates shortening the transmission path between the power interface mounting hole 460 and the DC input interface mounting hole 440, thereby reducing energy loss during the charging process. In one embodiment, the power interface mounting hole 460 and the DC input interface mounting hole 440 are arranged opposite each other along the first direction Y, and the power interface mounting hole 460 and the AC output interface mounting hole 450 are arranged at intervals along the third direction X, which facilitates electrical isolation.

[0185] Continuing to refer to Figures 14 and 17, the AC output interface mounting hole 450 is located between the power interface mounting hole 460 and the motor shaft 140 along the second direction Z, and between the power interface mounting hole 460 and the motor shaft 140 along the third direction X. In the embodiment of the present application, the AC output interface mounting hole 450 is closer to the motor 100 than the power interface mounting hole 460 in both the second direction Z and the third direction X. Because the AC output interface 260 in the AC output interface mounting hole 450 is electrically connected to the terminal of the stator winding, this solution helps shorten the energy transmission path, making the layout of the motor controller 200 and the motor 100 more compact, thereby reducing the spatial volume of the powertrain 10 and improving the power density.

[0186] Continuing with Figure 3, along the first direction Y, the projections of the cooling holes 113 and the power interface mounting hole 460 do not overlap. In this embodiment of the present application, if the cooling holes 113 and the projections of the power interface mounting hole 460 along the first direction Y at least partially overlap, the cooling holes 113 will occupy the adjacent area of ​​the power interface mounting hole 460 along the first direction Y, thereby interfering with the charging process. This solution rationally arranges the positions of the cooling holes 113 and the power interface mounting hole 460 to ensure that the reducer 300 and the motor controller 200 both function properly without interfering with each other.

[0187] Continuing with FIG. 3 , the cooling holes 113 and the power interface mounting hole 460 are spaced apart along the second direction Z and the third direction X, wherein the second direction Z is perpendicular to the first direction Y and the third direction X, and the third direction X is perpendicular to the first direction Y. In the embodiment of the present application, no energy is transferred between the cooling holes 113 and the power interface mounting hole 460 . The spacing between the cooling holes 113 and the power interface mounting hole 460 in the second direction Z and the third direction X does not result in energy loss. Since cooling oil flows through the cooling holes 113 , this solution also helps prevent the cooling oil from adversely affecting the power interface mounting hole 460 .

[0188] Continuing with FIG. 14 , in one embodiment, the power assembly 10 further includes a reducer 300 , which is arranged opposite the AC output interface mounting hole 450 along a first direction Y. The reducer 300 includes a wheel drive end 320 , which is located below the DC input interface mounting hole 440 and the AC output interface mounting hole 450 along a second direction Z. The axis of the wheel drive end 320 is parallel to the motor shaft 140 and is arranged perpendicular to the first direction Y.

[0189] In the embodiment of the present application, the reducer 300 is used to receive mechanical energy transmitted by the motor 100 and drive the wheel 40 to rotate through the wheel drive end 320. The controller accommodating chamber 430 and the motor accommodating chamber 420 are arranged along the second direction Z and partially overlap in the third direction X, so that there is installation space below the controller accommodating chamber 430 along the second direction Z. Since the wheel drive end 320 of the reducer 300 needs to be connected to the wheel 40, this solution is conducive to providing installation space for the connection between the reducer 300 and the wheel 40. The axis of the wheel drive end 320 is parallel to the motor shaft 140, and the arrangement direction of the axis of the wheel drive end 320 and the motor shaft 140 is perpendicular to the first direction Y, making the layout of the motor 100 and the reducer 300 compact and regular.

[0190] In an embodiment of the present application, the power flow direction of the motor controller 200 is opposite to the energy flow direction of the motor 100, and is roughly U-shaped. The energy flow direction of the motor 100 through the reducer 300 and the wheel drive end 320 is also opposite, and is roughly U-shaped. The U-shaped opening of the U-shaped energy flow direction formed by the motor controller 200 and the motor 100 is opposite to the U-shaped opening of the U-shaped energy flow direction of the motor 100 through the reducer 300 and the wheel drive end 320. The wheel drive end 320 is located below the motor controller 200, so that the entire energy flow of the powertrain 10 is smooth and the energy path is short, and the powertrain 10 is small in size, saves space, is more integrated, and is miniaturized.

[0191] Please continue to refer to Figure 14. The integrated housing 400 also includes a reducer accommodating chamber 410, which is used to accommodate the reducer 300. The reducer accommodating chamber 410 and the motor accommodating chamber 420 are connected through a motor shaft mounting hole (not shown in the figure). The motor shaft mounting hole is used to install the motor shaft 140 (not shown in the figure). The controller accommodating chamber 430 is not connected to the reducer accommodating chamber 410 and the motor accommodating chamber 420.

[0192] In an embodiment of the present application, the controller accommodating chamber 430 is not connected to the reducer accommodating chamber 410 and the motor accommodating chamber 420, which can prevent the cooling oil in the motor accommodating chamber 420 and the reducer accommodating chamber 410 from flowing into the controller accommodating chamber 430 and causing electrical interference to the electrical components in the motor controller 200, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the motor controller 200.

[0193] Please continue to refer to Figures 2 and 14. The controller accommodating chamber 430, the motor accommodating chamber 420 and the reducer accommodating chamber 410 all have openings connected to the outside (as shown in Figure 14). The power assembly 10 also includes a reducer end cover 310 and a motor controller cover 210 (as shown in combination with Figures 2 and 14). The motor end cover 110, the reducer end cover 310 and the motor controller cover 210 are used to cover the openings of the controller accommodating chamber 430, the motor accommodating chamber 420 and the reducer accommodating chamber 410 respectively (as shown in combination with Figures 2 and 14).

[0194] In the embodiment of the present application, the motor end cover 110, the reducer end cover 310 and the motor controller cover 210 are provided to protect the motor 100, the reducer 300 and the motor controller 200, and prevent dust and other impurities from entering the interior, which is beneficial to reducing the interference of the motor 100, the reducer 300 and the motor controller 200 with the external environment.

[0195] Please refer to Figure 16, which is a partial exploded view of the powertrain 10 provided in one embodiment of the present application. The power module, circuit board 250, and motor controller cover 210 in the motor controller 200 are stacked along the second direction Z, and the motor end cover 110 and reducer end cover 310 are arranged opposite each other along the first direction Y. The length of the motor controller cover 210 along the first direction Y is less than the length between the motor end cover 110 and the reducer end cover 310 along the first direction Y. Along the first direction Y, the motor controller cover 210 is located between the motor end cover 110 and the reducer end cover 310. The length of the controller accommodating chamber 430 along the first direction Y is less than the distance between the motor end cover 110 and the reducer end cover 310 along the first direction Y.

[0196] In the embodiment of the present application, the motor controller cover 210 covers the opening of the controller cavity along the second direction Z, and the motor end cap 110 and the reducer end cap 310 cover the openings of the motor 100 and the reducer 300, respectively, along the first direction Y. The length of the motor controller cover 210 along the first direction Y is set to be less than the length between the motor end cap 110 and the reducer end cap 310 along the first direction Y. That is, the motor controller cover 210 is located between the motor end cap 110 and the reducer end cap 310 along the first direction Y. This helps to reduce the total size of the motor controller 200, the motor 100, and the reducer 300 in the first direction Y, thereby reducing the spatial volume occupied by the powertrain 10 in the electric vehicle 1. The length of the controller accommodating cavity 430 along the first direction Y is less than the distance between the motor end cap 110 and the reducer end cap 310 along the first direction Y, which also helps to reduce the volume of the powertrain 10.

[0197] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present application, the projections of the hole, cavity and opening refer to the projections of the areas enclosed by the hole wall, the inner wall of the cavity or the inner wall of the opening respectively.

[0198] The above is a detailed introduction to the motor, powertrain and electric vehicle provided in the embodiments of the present application. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present application, there will be changes in the specific embodiments and application scope. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present application.

Claims

1. A motor, characterized in that: The motor comprises a motor end cover, a motor stator, a motor winding and a motor shaft, wherein the motor end cover and the motor stator are arranged adjacent to each other along the axial direction of the motor, the motor end cover comprises a motor shaft hole, a winding wiring hole and at least one cooling hole, the winding wiring hole is used to accommodate an electrical connector between the motor winding and a motor controller, the motor shaft hole is used to accommodate the motor shaft, and each cooling hole is used to connect the two sides of the motor end cover along the axial direction of the motor shaft, wherein: Along the axial direction of the motor, the winding connection hole, the motor shaft hole and the at least one cooling hole respectively penetrate the motor end cover; Along the radial direction of the motor, the spacing between the at least one cooling hole and the motor shaft hole is greater than the spacing between the winding connection hole and the motor shaft hole, the spacing between the winding connection hole and the at least one cooling hole is smaller than the spacing between the winding connection hole and the motor shaft hole, and the projection of at least one cooling hole overlaps with a partial projection of the winding connection hole.

2. The motor according to claim 1, characterized in that The motor end cover comprises a plurality of cooling holes, wherein: Along the circumference of the motor, the plurality of cooling holes are sequentially spaced apart, and the aperture of each cooling hole is smaller than the interval between two adjacent cooling holes; Along the axial direction of the motor, the diameter of each cooling hole opening toward the motor stator is larger than the diameter of the cooling hole opening away from the motor stator.

3. The motor according to claim 1, characterized in that The distance between the at least one cooling hole and the motor axis is greater than half of the outer diameter of the motor stator.

4. The motor according to claim 1, characterized in that The width of the winding connection hole along the circumference of the motor is greater than the width of the winding connection hole along the radial direction of the motor, greater than the total length of the at least one cooling hole along the circumferential connection line of the motor, and greater than the diameter of the motor shaft hole.

5. The motor according to claim 1, characterized in that The motor includes an oil guide rib, which is used to transport cooling oil to the motor shaft hole, wherein: Along the axial direction of the motor, the oil guide ribs and the motor stator are arranged on both sides of the motor end cover respectively; Along the circumference of the motor, the oil guide ribs are arranged on the same side of the center of the at least one cooling hole, the winding connection hole, and the motor shaft hole; The length direction of the oil guide rib intersects with the radial direction of the motor, and one end of the oil guide rib intersects with the shaft hole of the motor along the length direction of the oil guide rib.

6. The motor according to claim 5, characterized in that The distance between the oil guide rib and the cooling hole is greater than the distance between the oil guide rib and the winding connection hole, and the distance between the oil guide rib and the winding connection hole is greater than the distance between the oil guide rib and the motor shaft hole.

7. The motor according to claim 5, characterized in that The motor includes an arc-shaped protrusion structure, which is used to fix the stator of the resolver sensor, the oil guide rib and the arc-shaped protrusion structure are fixed to one side of the motor end cover, and one side of the motor end cover is away from the motor stator along the motor shaft, wherein: The arc-shaped protrusion structure is coaxially arranged with the motor shaft hole, the inner diameter of the arc-shaped protrusion structure is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the motor shaft hole, and one end of the oil guide rib is fixedly connected to one end of the arc-shaped protrusion structure along the circumference of the motor.

8. The motor according to claim 7, characterized in that The one side of the motor end cover comprises an oil guide groove, and the oil guide groove is connected to the motor shaft hole, wherein: Along the axial direction of the motor, the concave direction of the oil guide groove is opposite to the convex direction of the arc-shaped convex structure; Along the radial direction of the motor, the concave direction of the oil guide groove is away from the motor shaft; Along the axial direction of the motor, the oil guide groove is arranged between the motor shaft hole and the one end of the arc-shaped protrusion structure or the one end of the oil guide rib.

9. The motor according to claim 7, characterized in that Along the axial direction of the motor shaft, the motor includes a wiring cover fixing structure, and the wiring cover fixing structure is used to fix the wiring cover of the motor, wherein: Along the axial direction of the motor, the wiring cover plate fixing structure is fixed to the one side of the motor end cover, the wiring cover plate fixing structure and the motor stator are arranged on both sides of the motor end cover, and the area enclosed by the projection of the wiring cover plate fixing structure covers the motor shaft hole, the arc-shaped protrusion structure, the winding wiring hole, and the cooling hole; Along the radial direction of the motor, the projection of the wiring cover fixing structure covers the projection of the arc-shaped protruding structure.

10. A powertrain, characterized in that: The power assembly includes a motor controller, a three-phase input copper bar and the motor as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, the three-phase input copper bar electrically connects the motor winding and the motor controller through the winding wiring hole, and the three-phase input copper bar includes three input copper bars, and the three input copper bars are arranged in sequence along the circumference of the motor.

11. The powertrain according to claim 10, characterized in that: The motor end cover includes three cooling holes, the spacing between two adjacent input copper bars is greater than the aperture of each cooling hole, the aperture of each cooling hole along the circumference of the motor shaft is smaller than the width of each input copper bar, and the three cooling holes are respectively arranged on one side of the midpoint of the three input copper bars in the clockwise direction, and the distance between the midpoint of the input copper bar and the two side edges of the input copper bar along the circumference of the motor is equal.

12. The powertrain according to claim 10, characterized in that: The power assembly includes an integrated housing, which includes a reducer accommodating chamber and a motor accommodating chamber. The motor accommodating chamber is used to accommodate the motor, and the reducer accommodating chamber is used to accommodate the reducer. Along a first direction, the motor accommodating chamber passes through the integrated housing and is connected to the reducer accommodating chamber. The motor shaft of the motor is used to drive the reducer. The first direction is parallel to the axial direction of the motor. Along the first direction, the motor end cover and the reducer are respectively arranged on both sides of the motor.

13. The powertrain according to claim 12, characterized in that: The power assembly includes an integrated housing, the integrated housing includes a controller accommodating chamber, a DC input interface mounting hole, and an AC output interface mounting hole, the controller accommodating chamber is used to accommodate the motor controller, the controller accommodating chamber and the motor accommodating chamber are arranged along a second direction, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and the motor end cover includes an AC output interface connecting hole, wherein: Along the first direction, the DC input interface mounting hole and the AC output interface mounting hole respectively penetrate the integrated housing and are connected to the controller accommodating cavity, the AC output interface connecting hole penetrates the motor end cover, the DC input interface mounting hole and the AC output interface mounting hole are arranged opposite to each other, the projection of the AC output interface connecting hole covers the projection of the AC output interface mounting hole, and the projection of the three-phase input copper bar partially overlaps with the projections of the winding wiring hole and the AC output interface connecting hole; Along the radial direction of the motor, the distance between the AC output interface connecting hole and the motor shaft hole is greater than the distance between the cooling hole and the motor shaft hole.

14. The powertrain according to claim 13, characterized in that: The motor controller includes a capacitor module, a power module and a copper busbar assembly, wherein the power module and the capacitor module are used to receive direct current, and the power module is used to output alternating current through the copper busbar assembly, and the controller accommodating cavity is used to accommodate the capacitor module, the power module and the copper busbar assembly, wherein: Along the first direction, a projection of any one of the DC input interface mounting hole and the AC output interface mounting hole at least partially overlaps with a projection of any one of the capacitor module and the power module; The capacitor module and the power module are stacked and arranged along the second direction, and the copper busbar assembly is arranged adjacent to the power module along the third direction; the power module includes a plurality of bridge arm modules arranged adjacent to each other in sequence along the first direction; wherein the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction; Along the third direction and the second direction, the projection of the motor shaft does not overlap with the projection of any one of the capacitor module, the power module, and the AC output interface mounting hole; The controller accommodating chamber and the motor accommodating chamber at least partially overlap in the third direction, and the length of the overlapping portion of the controller accommodating chamber and the motor accommodating chamber in the third direction is less than half of the outer diameter of the motor stator; The controller accommodating cavity at least partially overlaps with the motor accommodating cavity in the second direction, and the cooling hole and the winding connection hole respectively overlap with the controller accommodating cavity at least partially in the second direction; The length of the input copper bar is greater than the distance between the AC output interface mounting hole and the winding wiring hole.

15. An electric vehicle, characterized in that: It comprises a vehicle body, wheels and a motor as described in any one of claims 1-10 or a powertrain as described in any one of claims 11-14, wherein the motor or the powertrain is used to drive the wheels, the vehicle body is used to fix the motor or the powertrain, and the at least one cooling hole of the motor end cover in the motor or the powertrain fixed to the vehicle body is higher than the motor shaft hole in the direction of gravity.

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