Process for manufacturing article with functional layer, and corresponding article
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/101880
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-06-28
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-02
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Figure CN2024101880_02012025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Process for Manufacturing Article with Functional Layer, and Corresponding ArticleTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing an article with a functional layer, and a corresponding article, and is particularly applicable in the field of semiconductor component or printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) encapsulation.BACKGROUND
[0002] Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding or thermal conduction is widely required by semiconductor components (such as integrated circuits (IC) chips) or printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs) . Inkjet printing or spray coating is a feasible process for providing an EMI shielding or thermal conduction function on surfaces of a semiconductor component or a PCBA (including a top and a side of a 3D substrate thereof) .
[0003] An EMI / thermally functional coating (generally referred to as a functional coating or layer) needs to have a minimum thickness to ensure functional properties, particularly on the side of the 3D substrate. However, in the prior art, inkjet printing and spray coating have to sacrifice a large amount of UPH (units / hour) production efficiency to allow the functional coating on the side to have the minimum thickness, because a jet head (aprint head or a spraying head) has to rotate to a certain angle to perform side coating. In addition, since the coating cannot be cured within a short time, a coating liquid under the action of gravity may flow from the top of the side to the bottom, resulting in poor uniformity of the side after curing is completed. In order to achieve better uniformity, the inkjet print head or the jet head has to perform spray coating for more time, and the amount of jet has to be accurately calculated so that a plurality of times of spray coating can counteract the effect of gravity, thereby eventually achieving a better balance between uniformity and the minimum thickness on the side. This requires a lot of complex control system software, extensive pre-coating preparation work, and costly mechanical systems. In addition, since coating has to be performed on the side for a plurality of times, the UPH production efficiency is definitely affected.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0004] The present invention is intended to overcome at least one of the above-described defects and / or other problems in the prior art, and in particular to provide a process for improving the efficiency of coating a side of a 3D article while ensuring a minimum thickness and uniformity of a functional layer on the side of the 3D article.
[0005] According to an aspect of the present invention, provided is a process for manufacturing an article with a functional layer, comprising the steps of: (i) providing a 3D body of the article on a substrate; and (ii) forming at the periphery of the 3D body a dam on the substrate from a first functional material to serve as at least a part of the functional layer, the dam being configured to have a predetermined height and thickness and at least partially cover a side of the 3D body. The "dam" is widely used in the field of semiconductor or PCBA encapsulation, and is typically a continuum formed by for example dispensing an adhesive material around a plurality of electronic components on a printed circuit board of a PCBA or a specially provided additional fixed structure, and is used to provide a space surrounding the electronic components, and a liquid such as an insulating material may be potted within the space, so that the dam can allow and control movement of the internal liquid, and prevent the internal liquid from flowing out of a region surrounded by the dam. However, a conventional dam is removed after the internal liquid therein is completely cured. The present invention inventively contemplates the use of the dam as a functional layer on a side of a 3D article to provide functions such as EMI shielding or thermal conduction or magnetic noise shielding. Compared with the prior art in which a functional layer is formed on a side of a 3D article by means of printing or spray coating, the use of the dam as the functional layer can ensure that the layer on the side of the article has a minimum thickness and is uniform, while greatly improving the efficiency of generating the functional layer on the side of the article.
[0006] According to an exemplary configuration, the first functional material includes an electrically conductive material or a thermally conductive material or a magnetic noise shielding material (for example, a magnetic material) , such as electrically conductive paste (for example, solder paste) , electrically conductive adhesive, paste having magnetic powder (for example, nickel powder) , or a metal frame. As a result, functions such as EMI shielding or thermal conduction or magnetic noise shielding can be provided for the article.
[0007] According to an exemplary configuration, in the step (ii) , the dam is formed by dispensing, molding or plating the first functional material. These means can form the dam reliably and easily.
[0008] According to an exemplary configuration, the dam has a thickness of at least 200 micrometers. The material and the means for forming the dam can ensure that the functional layer formed thereby has a minimum thickness and is uniform, and that the thickness of the layer can be flexibly and quickly adjusted to be greater than the thickness in the prior art.
[0009] According to an exemplary configuration, the process further comprising the following step: (iii) applying a second functional material, in particular including an electrically conductive material or a thermally conductive material or a magnetic noise shielding material, for example an electrically conductive ink and preferably a metal-organic decomposition (MOD) ink, to a top of the 3D body by means of for example inkjet printing, spray coating, spin coating or dip coating; and curing the applied second functional material by means of for example ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and / or heating to constitute at least another part of the functional layer. In this way, in addition to forming the functional layer on the side of the 3D article by using the dam, the functional layer can further be formed on the top of the 3D article in a conventional manner.
[0010] According to an exemplary configuration, in the step (iii) , the second functional material is applied to at least partially cover the top of the dam so as to connect, in particular electrically connect, the functional layer portion formed by the first functional material with the functional layer portion formed by the second functional material. The functional layers on the side and the top of the 3D article are connected with each other to form a whole, so that the functional layer as a whole is structurally sound and has full functions.
[0011] According to an exemplary configuration, the functional layer portion formed by the second functional material has a thickness of 50 to 3500 nanometers.
[0012] According to an exemplary configuration, the 3D body of the article includes an electronic component or a plurality of gathered electronic components on the substrate, wherein the substrate preferably is a printed circuit board on which the dam is formed. The process according to the present invention is in particular applicable to functional encapsulation selectively performed on any electronic component on a PCBA.
[0013] According to an exemplary configuration, the process further comprises: potting at least one filler material within the dam so as to encapsulate the electronic component (s) surrounded by the dam and achieve one or more functions such as providing insulation or reworkability. The filler material may be, for example, at least one material. A single material or a combination of a plurality of materials achieves at least one function, such as the insulation function, or the reworkability and insulation functions, or the thermal conduction function. The dam used as the functional layer in the present invention can still be used to allow and control flowing of the internal liquid as a conventional dam, thereby facilitating encapsulation of the electronic component on the PCBA performed by using the filler material.
[0014] According to an exemplary configuration, the 3D body of the article includes a semiconductor chip or a microwave filter. The process according to the present invention can also be used to perform EMI shielding or thermally conductive encapsulation on a single semiconductor chip, and can also be extended to be used to perform functional encapsulation on any other article having an irregular surface.
[0015] According to an exemplary configuration, in the step (ii) , the dam is formed to adjoin the side of the semiconductor chip or microwave filter. Such a means of forming the dam facilitates in particular heat dissipation performed on a side of a related article.
[0016] Provided in another aspect of the present invention is an article with a functional layer, manufactured by the process according to any one of the above, the article comprising: a 3D body on a substrate; and a dam formed at the periphery of the 3D body on the substrate from a first functional material to serve as at least a part of the functional layer, the dam being configured to have a predetermined height and thickness and at least partially cover a side of the 3D body.
[0017] Provided in still another aspect of the present invention is an article with a functional layer, the article comprising: a 3D body on a substrate; and a dam formed at the periphery of the 3D body on the substrate from a first functional material to serve as at least a part of the functional layer, the dam being configured to have a predetermined height and thickness and at least partially cover a side of the 3D body, the first functional material including an electrically conductive material or a thermally conductive material or a magnetic noise shielding material, such as electrically conductive paste (for example, solder paste) , electrically conductive adhesive, paste having magnetic powder (for example, nickel powder) , or a metal frame, and the dam having a thickness of at least 200 micrometers.
[0018] According to an exemplary configuration, the article further comprises: a coating covered on a top of the 3D body, the coating being formed by a second functional material to constitute at least another part of the functional layer, the second functional material including an electrically conductive material or a thermally conductive material or a magnetic noise shielding material, and the coating having a thickness of 50 to 3500 nanometers.
[0019] According to an exemplary configuration, the article includes electronic components on a printed circuit board, a semiconductor chip or a microwave filter encapsulated by the functional layer.
[0020] The above-described various articles according to the present invention also have the technical advantages or effects described above with respect to the process according to the present invention.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] The present invention is described in detail below via exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
[0022] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration diagram of an embodiment of a process according to the present invention.
[0023] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a PCBA encapsulation structure involved in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
[0024] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration diagram of another embodiment of a process according to the present invention.
[0025] The accompanying drawings are merely illustrative, and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The accompanying drawings show only parts necessary for illustrating the present invention, and other parts may be omitted or simply mentioned only. The present invention may further include other components in addition to those shown in the accompanying drawings.
[0026] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0027] Embodiments according to the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention to those skilled in the art. It will be apparent, however, to those skilled in the art, that the present invention may be implemented without some of these specific details. Furthermore, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the described particular embodiments. Instead, the present invention may be implemented using any combination of the following features and elements, no matter whether they involve different embodiments. Accordingly, the following features, embodiments, and advantages are illustrative only and are not to be construed as elements or limitations of the claims unless expressly specified otherwise in the claims.
[0028] FIG. 1 schematically shows steps of an exemplary process according to the present invention by using PCBA manufacturing as an example. It should be noted that not every step shown in each embodiment is necessary, and it is possible that one or more of the steps may be omitted or the order of related steps may be changed as appropriate.
[0029] In step 1, a PCBA is provided, the PCBA exemplarily including a printed circuit board 1 serving as a substrate and an IC chip 3 and another electronic component 2 carried on the printed circuit board 1. Herein, a 3D body of the PCBA to be provided with a functional layer includes the gathered IC chip 3 and electronic component 2. In the present embodiment, the functional layer to be provided may be, for example, an EMI shielding layer and / or a thermally conductive layer and / or a magnetic noise shielding layer.
[0030] In step 2, a dam 4 is formed, at the periphery of a 3D body including the IC chip 3 and the electronic component 2, from a first functional material to serve as at least a part of a functional layer to be provided. To that end, the dam 4 may be a functional continuum formed on the printed circuit board 1 and having a certain height and thickness. The dam 4 at least partially covers a side of the 3D body, or in other words, the dam 4 is located to the side of the IC chip 3 or the electronic component 2, so that when viewed from the side of the IC chip 3 or the electronic component 2, the dam 4 can at least partially cover the IC chip 3 or the electronic component 2. The first functional material forming the dam 4 may include an electrically conductive material or a thermally conductive material or a magnetic noise shielding material, thereby providing an EMI shielding or thermal conduction or magnetic noise shielding function. More specifically, the first functional material may be, for example, electrically conductive paste (for example, solder paste) , electrically conductive adhesive, paste having magnetic powder (for example, nickel powder) , or a metal frame. Herein, the solder paste is a mixture of powdered solder and flux. The solder is essentially a metal alloy composed of two or more metals. The flux is a creamy material composed of different chemicals. Preferably, lead-free solder is used.
[0031] A process for forming the dam 4 from the first functional material may include, but is not limited to, dispensing (sizing) , molding or plating. The material and the means for forming the dam can ensure that the dam efficiently achieve a sufficient minimum thickness required by the functional layer, and the thickness can be formed relatively uniformly. Advantageously, the thickness of the dam 4 may reach at least 200 micrometers.
[0032] In step 3, the PCBA acquired in step 2 is placed under irradiation of a UV lamp 8 or in an oven 9, so as to accelerate curing of the first functional material forming the dam 4 or improve a curing effect thereof via UV irradiation or heating.
[0033] In step 4, by using a potting head 5, a filler material 6 (the part filled with slanted lines in the drawing) is potted within a space defined by the dam 4 at the periphery of the IC chip 3 and the electronic component 2, so as to encapsulate the IC chip 3 and the electronic component 2. The filler material 6 may be, for example, an insulating material (which may be at least partially a reworkable material) , such as insulating paste. After the filler material 6 is cured, the filler material 6 can have an insulating effect and a waterproof effect on the IC chip 3 and the electronic component 2. Alternatively, the filler material 6 may include more than one material, so as to achieve a variety of different functions as desired by varying the order or structure of the various materials. Herein, the dam 4 also has the function of allowing and controlling flowing of the internal liquid (the filler material) as a conventional dam. A filling height of the filler material 6 may be flexibly adjusted according to requirements on the overall thickness of the PCBA. For example, the filling height is equal to or slightly less than the height of the chip on the printed circuit board, and such a filling height can minimize the overall thickness of the PCBA. The height of the filler material 6 in the dam 4 may be greater than or equal to the height of the dam 4. In addition, the dam 4 may be formed on a grounding line of the PCBA. The thickness of the dam 4 can be flexibly adjusted, in combination with the above-described potting means, so that the need for fully filling a fine gap between the grounding line and the electronic component can be satisfied, and a target encapsulation region (aregion surrounded by the dam 4) of the PCBA is therefore more compact.
[0034] In step 5, the PCBA acquired in step 4 is placed under irradiation of the UV lamp 8 or in the oven 9, so as to accelerate curing of the filler material potted within the dam 4 or improve a curing effect thereof via UV irradiation or heating.
[0035] In step 6, a second functional material is applied to a top (top portion or top surface) of the 3D body of the PCBA to be provided with the functional layer. In this case, the 3D body includes the IC chip 3, the electronic component 2, and the cured filler material 6. The second functional material also includes in particular an electrically conductive material or a thermally conductive material or a magnetic noise shielding material, thereby also providing a corresponding EMI shielding or thermal conduction or magnetic noise shielding function. For example, the second functional material may be an electrically conductive ink, preferably a MOD ink. The MOD ink has the following advantages: (1) excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, which can achieve excellent EMI shielding performance and thermal conduction performance; (2) environmentally friendly, free of nanoparticles, and minimizing environment, health, and safety (EHS) problems; (3) high stability and no precipitation; (4) prevention of the problem of nozzle clogging (superior to inks having nanoparticles) ; and (5) easiness in adjusting viscosity of the ink to adjust the inkjet property, and in adjusting the composition to adjust a sintering temperature. The second functional material may be applied to the top of the 3D body by means of for example inkjet printing, spray coating, spin coating or dip coating to constitute another part of the functional layer. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the second functional material is applied by means of inkjet printing by using a print head 7.
[0036] In step 6, advantageously, the second functional material is applied to at least partially cover a top of the dam 4 so as to connect, in particular electrically connect, the functional layer portion (i.e., the dam 4) formed by the first functional material with the functional layer portion formed by the second functional material. The two functional layers are connected with each other in this manner to form a whole, so that the functional layer as a whole is structurally sound and has full functions.
[0037] In step 7, the UV lamp 8, for example, is used to perform UV irradiation on a PCBA region acquired in step 6, so as to cure the functional layer portion formed by the second functional material. The UV irradiation can cause the layer to be completely dry, and slow down sintering of the layer.
[0038] The above step 6 and step 7 may be repeated a plurality of times, that is, performing the UV irradiation once after the second functional material is applied once, and then applying the second functional material and performing the UV irradiation again, and so on until the thickness of the functional layer portion formed by the second functional material reaches a target thickness thereof. For example, the functional layer portion formed by the second functional material may finally have a thickness of 50 to 3500 nanometers.
[0039] In step 8, by means of heating, a curing effect of the second functional material is improved or curing thereof is further accelerated, thereby improving UPH production efficiency. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the PCBA acquired in step 7 may be placed in the oven 9 so as to be baked and heated.
[0040] The above steps 3, 5, 7, and 8 are optional or replaceable, and the related material may also be cured by using other means known in the art.
[0041] Optionally, plasma treatment or priming may also be performed on the top of the 3D body before the second functional material is applied, so as to improve adhesion to the second functional material. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the PCBA according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 after the filler material 6 is potted in the space defined by the dam 4 and the second functional material is applied, in which the electronic component in the space is omitted. The dam 4 formed by the first functional material is erected on the printed circuit board 1 (not shown in FIG. 2) serving as the substrate of the PCBA, and has a height H and a thickness T when viewed from a cross section thereof. The height H is calculated starting from an upper surface of the printed circuit board 1 (the substrate) . The thickness T is, for example, greater than or equal to 200 micrometers, and is preferably 200 to 300 micrometers. The functional layer portion 10 formed by the second functional material covers the top of the dam 4, and is connected with the dam 4 to form a whole constituting the complete functional layer. The thickness of the functional layer portion 10 is less than or equal to 20 micrometers. The first and second functional materials have the function of EMI shielding or thermal conduction or magnetic noise shielding, and include, for example, an electrically conductive or a thermally conductive or a magnetic noise shielding material. In the case shown in part (a) of FIG. 2, only one filler material 6 is potted within the space defined by the dam 4. The filler material 6 is for example an insulating material and has the functions of insulation, peeling prevention, waterproofing, and the like, and may also be a reworkable material. In the case shown in part (b) of FIG. 2, two filler materials 6a and 6b are potted within the space defined by the dam 4. The filler material 6a may be the above-described insulating material, and the filler material 6b may be a reworkable material, or may be used to prevent bubbles or the like. The sum of the thicknesses of the filler materials 6a and 6b may be greater than or equal to the height T of the dam 4. If necessary, more types of other filler materials may be further potted for example below the filler material 6b within the space defined by the dam 4, so as to achieve more functions.
[0042] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration diagram of the process according to the present invention applied to a single semiconductor IC chip. In this embodiment, a dam formed by for example dispensing, molding, or spray-coating a first functional material such as solder paste or electrically conductive adhesive around a side of the IC chip and on a substrate (not shown) carrying the IC chip serves as a part of a functional layer, and a second functional material such as a MOD ink is applied to a top of the IC chip by using a print head, so as to form another part of the functional layer. The MOD ink layer covers a top of the dam formed by solder paste or electrically conductive adhesive, to connect the two parts of the functional layer with each other. In addition, in this embodiment, the dam is formed to adjoin the side of the IC chip. In this way, the dam serving as a part of the functional layer particularly facilitates heat dissipation of the IC chip. The semiconductor IC chip may include SoC and SiP chips.
[0043] The process according to the present invention is not limited to the EMI shielding or thermally conductive encapsulation performed on a PCBA or a single semiconductor chip as described above, and can also be extended to perform functional encapsulation on any other article having an irregular surface. For example, an electrically and thermally conductive layer that is uniform needs to be coated on surfaces (including a side) of an irregular article, such as a microwave filter, but it is difficult for a common coating process to provide a sufficiently thick uniform layer on the side. The present invention is particularly useful for functional encapsulation performed on the side of such articles having irregular surfaces.
[0044] The process according to the present invention achieves a significant technical effect over the prior art. Table 1 below shows effect comparison between the process according to the present invention used for manufacturing a PCBA with a functional layer and the prior art:
[0045] Table 1
[0046] The process according to the present invention improves the efficiency of generating a functional layer while ensuring that the functional layer on a side of a 3D article has a minimum thickness and is uniform. Compared with the inefficient coating means in the prior art that results in nonuniformity, the process according to the present invention can easily and efficiently generate a functional layer having a target thickness. The process according to the present invention has in particular the following advantages:
[0047] · A target material thickness of a side of a 3D article can be flexibly and quickly adjusted.
[0048] · Production is efficient.
[0049] · Requirements on coating equipment are reduced, and 2D coating equipment is sufficient to meet the need.
[0050] · A better compact design is provided.
[0051] An article with a functional layer can be correspondingly manufactured by the process according to the present invention, and correspondingly includes a 3D body and a dam formed at the periphery of the 3D body from a first functional material to serve as at least a part of the functional layer, the dam being configured to have a predetermined height and thickness and at least partially cover a side of the 3D body. As described above, the thickness of such a dam can reach at least 200 micrometers, and can completely satisfy requirements on the thickness of the functional layer on the side, and is much greater than the thickness, i.e., 50 to 3500 nanometers, of the functional layer on the top. In the prior art, time-consuming and laborious compensatory coating has to be performed on a side of a 3D article a plurality of times in order to achieve a thickness ratio of 1: 1 of a functional layer on the top to a functional layer on the side. In contrast, the thickness of the functional layer on the side of the 3D article according to the present invention is greatly increased. In addition, the UPH of manufacturing is high, and costs are low.
[0052] Although the present invention is disclosed via preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Any change or modification made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention, and therefore the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the scope of claims.
Claims
1.A process for manufacturing an article with a functional layer, comprising the steps of:(i) providing a 3D body of the article on a substrate; and(ii) forming at the periphery of the 3D body a dam on the substrate from a first functional material to serve as at least a part of the functional layer, the dam being configured to have a predetermined height and thickness and at least partially cover a side of the 3D body.2.The process according to claim 1, whereinthe first functional material includes an electrically conductive material or a thermally conductive material or a magnetic noise shielding material, such as electrically conductive paste, electrically conductive adhesive, paste having magnetic powder, or a metal frame.3.The process according to claim 1 or 2, whereinin the step (ii) , the dam is formed by dispensing, molding or plating the first functional material.4.The process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, whereinthe dam has a thickness of at least 200 micrometers.5.The process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising the following step:(iii) applying a second functional material, in particular including an electrically conductive material or a thermally conductive material or a magnetic noise shielding material, for example an electrically conductive ink and preferably a MOD ink, to a top of the 3D body by means of for example inkjet printing, spray coating, spin coating or dip coating; and curing the applied second functional material by means of for example UV irradiation and / or heating to constitute at least another part of the functional layer.6.The process according to claim 5, whereinin the step (iii) , the second functional material is applied to at least partially cover the top of the dam so as to connect, in particular electrically connect, the functional layer portion formed by the first functional material with the functional layer portion formed by the second functional material.7.The process according to claim 5 or 6, whereinthe functional layer portion formed by the second functional material has a thickness of 50 to 3500 nanometers.8.The process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, whereinthe 3D body of the article includes an electronic component or a plurality of gathered electronic components on the substrate, wherein the substrate preferably is a printed circuit board on which the dam is formed.9.The process according to claim 8, further comprising:potting at least one filler material within the dam so as to encapsulate the electronic component (s) surrounded by the dam and achieve one or more functions such as providing insulation or reworkability.10.The process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, whereinthe 3D body of the article includes a semiconductor chip or a microwave filter.11.The process according to claim 10, whereinin the step (ii) , the dam is formed to adjoin the side of the semiconductor chip or microwave filter.12.An article with a functional layer, manufactured by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 11, the article comprising:a 3D body on a substrate; anda dam formed at the periphery of the 3D body on the substrate from a first functional material to serve as at least a part of the functional layer, the dam being configured to have a predetermined height and thickness and at least partially cover a side of the 3D body.13.An article with a functional layer, the article comprising:a 3D body on a substrate; anda dam formed at the periphery of the 3D body on the substrate from a first functional material to serve as at least a part of the functional layer, the dam being configured to have a predetermined height and thickness and at least partially cover a side of the 3D body, the first functional material including an electrically conductive material or a thermally conductive material or a magnetic noise shielding material, such as electrically conductive paste, electrically conductive adhesive, paste having magnetic powder, or a metal frame, and the dam having a thickness of at least 200 micrometers.14.The article according to claim 13, further comprising:a coating covered on a top of the 3D body, the coating being formed by a second functional material to constitute at least another part of the functional layer, the second functional material including an electrically conductive material or a thermally conductive material or a magnetic noise shielding material, and the coating having a thickness of 50 to 3500 nanometers.15.The article according to claim 13 or 14, whereinthe article includes electronic components on a printed circuit board, a semiconductor chip or a microwave filter encapsulated by the functional layer.
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