Exhaust system for reducing emissions

Abstract

Exhaust systems that reduce emissions under different operating conditions as well as methods of manufacturing, integrating, and using the same. The exhaust systems described herein can be adjusted, e.g., by a control system, to communicate exhaust generated by an engine through either a first exhaust pathway or a second exhaust pathway. The first exhaust pathway can be used when an exhaust after-treatment device is in a desired operating state (e.g., operating temperature or temperature range), and the second exhaust pathway can be used when the exhaust after-treatment device is not in a desired operating state (e.g., operating temperature or temperature range) such that it can process / treat only a reduced amount of combustion byproducts. The second exhaust pathway can be used to divert, store, and then release exhaust once the exhaust after-treatment device has reached its desired operating state.

Description

EXHAUST SYSTEM FOR REDUCING EMISSIONSFIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The field relates to exhaust systems that reduce emissions from combustion engines.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The operation of an internal combustion engine produces exhaust that can include combustion byproducts. Exhaust is typically routed out of an engine using an exhaust system. To reduce or limit emissions in accordance with regulatory requirements, exhaust systems often include an exhaust after-treatment device that exposes the exhaust generated by the engine to different materials, substances, and / or conditions that reduce, convert, and / or substantially eliminate combustion byproducts from the exhaust. This, in turn, reduces the amount of such combustion byproducts that are ultimately emitted from the exhaust system into the external atmosphere. However, even using an exhaust after-treatment device, the ability to reduce combustion byproducts under certain circumstances, e.g., immediately following engine startup, can be limited.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0003] This summary is intended to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form which are further described below in the detailed description section of this disclosure. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in isolation to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0004] In brief, and at a high level, this disclosure describes, among other things, exhaust systems that can reduce emissions under different operating conditions, e.g., desired operating conditions, e.g., where an exhaust after-treatment device / system has desired functionality, and temporary operating conditions, e.g., where an exhaust after-treatment device / system has inhibited or reduced functionality, e.g., in comparison to desired operating conditions. In particular, the embodiments herein provide exhaust systems that can temporarily divert, store, and then release exhaust into an exhaust after-treatment device once the exhaust after-treatment device has reached a desired operating condition (e.g., operating temperature or temperature range) that allows for more effective processing of combustion byproducts. In addition, methods of manufacturing, integrating, and using such exhaust systems, e.g., in connectionwith different combustion engine vehicles, transports, and equipment, are also described herein.

[0005] In an embodiment, an exhaust system that is configured to temporarily divert, store, and then release exhaust generated by a combustion engine for processing by an exhaust after- treatment device is provided. The exhaust system is configured so that it can be adjusted into different configurations to allow for either release of exhaust or storing of exhaust depending on the operating circumstances. For example, in an embodiment, the exhaust system is adjustable so that exhaust generated by an associated engine is communicated (e.g., routed, transported, transferred) through either a first exhaust pathway or a second exhaust pathway. The first exhaust pathway can be one used during desired operating conditions, e.g., when the exhaust after-treatment device is in a desired operating state, e.g., operating temperature or temperature range, that allows the exhaust after-treatment device to process / treat a higher amount of combustion byproducts in exhaust, relatively speaking. The second exhaust pathway can be one used during temporary operating conditions, e.g., engine start-up and / or operation for a period of time subsequent, when the exhaust after-treatment device is not in its desired operating state, e.g., operating temperature or temperature range, such that the exhaust after-treatment device can process / treat only a reduced amount of combustion byproducts in exhaust, relatively speaking. The second exhaust pathway can be used to divert exhaust generated by the engine to a storage tank, where it can be pressurized, stored, and then subsequently released into the exhaust after-treatment device once the exhaust after-treatment device has reached its desired operating state. In embodiments, the desired operating state can be reached by increasing the temperature of the exhaust after-treatment device including any catalysts therein, if used. This temperature increase can be provided through use of a heating element, e.g., by transferring heat from other vehicle components / systems, and / or by communicating exhaust generated by the engine through the exhaust after-treatment device to thereby transfer thermal energy from the exhaust to the exhaust after-treatment device, among other methods.

[0006] The embodiments described herein allow for controlled storage and release of exhaust during temporary operating conditions and thus can result in a greater amount of combustion byproducts being processed / treated in each operational cycle of a combustion engine. This, in turn, can help reduce the amount of combustion byproducts that exit the exhaust system into the external atmosphere. This can help reduce, mitigate, and / or substantially eliminate certain emissions from combustion engines including in associationwith engine start-up, which can help improve air quality, satisfy regulatory requirements, and allow for cleaner operation of combustion engines, among other benefits.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

[0007] The exhaust systems and methods of manufacturing, integrating, and using the same described herein are discussed in detail in connection with the attached figures, which illustrate non-limiting examples of the disclosed subject matter, wherein:

[0008] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a computing device suitable for supporting operation of different embodiments described herein;

[0009] FIG. 2 depicts a diagram of an exhaust system configured for reducing emissions, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0010] FIG. 3A depicts an example of an exhaust after-treatment device, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0011] FIG. 3B depicts an example of a compressor, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0012] FIG. 3C depicts an example of a storage tank, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0013] FIG. 3D depicts an example of a heating element, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0014] FIGS. 4A and 4B depict cross-sections of a valve adjusted into different positions, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0015] FIGS. 5A and 5B depict cross-sections of another valve adjusted into different positions, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0016] FIG. 6 depicts a graph representing operation of an exhaust after-treatment device as it transitions from a temporary operating condition to a desired operating condition, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0017] FIG. 7 depicts another diagram of an exhaust system configured for reducing emissions, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0018] FIG. 8 depicts a graph representing an example operation of the exhaust system shown in FIG. 7, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0019] FIG. 9 depicts a block diagram of an example method for temporarily storing exhaust to reduce emissions, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0020] FIG. 10 depicts a block diagram of an example method of manufacturing and / or configuring an exhaust system to reduce emissions, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure; and

[0021] FIG. 11 depicts an example of a vehicle that can incorporate the exhaust systems described herein, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0022] This detailed description is provided in order to meet statutory requirements. However, this description is not intended to limit the scope of the invention described herein. Rather, the claimed subject matter may be embodied in different ways, to include different steps, different combinations of steps, different elements, and / or different combinations of elements, similar to those described herein, and in conjunction with other present or future technologies and solutions. In addition, although the terms “step” and “block” may be used herein to identify different elements of methods employed, the terms should not be interpreted as implying any particular order among or between different elements except when the order is explicitly described.

[0023] In general, and at a high-level, this disclosure describes, among other things, exhaust systems that can be used to selectively route exhaust through different pathways in order to reduce the emission of combustion byproducts from engines in both desired operating conditions and in temporary operating conditions. Temporary operating conditions can include engine start-up and operation for a period of time subsequent when an exhaust after-treatment device / system is not yet at its desired operating state, e.g., operating temperature or temperature range, that allows it to process / treat combustion byproducts with higher effectiveness. The exhaust systems and methods of manufacturing, integrating, and using the same described herein can additionally be used with limited modification to existing exhaust after-treatment devices, thus simplifying the process of reducing emissions in certain operating conditions including during engine start-up, among other benefits. The attached FIGS. 1-11 described in detail below illustrate non-limiting embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0024] The subject matter herein may be provided as, at least in part, a method, a system, and / or a computer program product, among other things. Accordingly, certain aspects disclosed herein may take the form of hardware, or may be a combination of software and hardware. A computer program that includes computer-useable instructions embodied on oneor more computer-readable media may also be used. The subject matter herein may further be implemented as hard-coded into the mechanical design of computing components and / or may be built into an exhaust system that can reduce emissions under different operating conditions or into a vehicle that incorporates the same.

[0025] Computer-readable media may include volatile media, non-volatile media, removable media, and non-removable media, and may also include media readable by a database, a switch, and / or various other network devices. Network switches, routers, and related components are conventional in nature, as are methods of communicating with the same, and thus, further elaboration is not provided herein. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media may comprise computer storage media and / or non- transitory communications media, among others.

[0026] Computer storage media, or machine-readable media, may include media implemented in any method or technology for storing information. Examples of stored information include computer-useable instructions, data structures, program modules, and / or other data representations. Computer storage media may include, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile discs (DVDs), holographic media or other optical disc storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage, and other storage devices. These memory components may store data momentarily, temporarily, and / or permanently, and are not limited to the examples provided herein.

[0027] Looking now at FIG. 1 , a block diagram of an example computing device 1 suitable for supporting different functions described herein is provided, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be noted that although components depicted in FIG. 1 are shown in the singular, they may be plural, and the components may be connected in a different (including distributed) configuration. For example, computing device 1 might instead include multiple processors and / or multiple memories. Looking at FIG. 1, the computing device 1 includes a bus 9 that directly or indirectly connects different components, including memory 2, processor(s) 3, presentation component(s) 4 (if applicable), radio(s) 5, input / output (I / O) port(s) 6, input / output (I / O) component(s) 7, and power supply 8, among other possible components.

[0028] The memory 2 may take the form of the memory components described herein. Thus, further elaboration will not be provided here, but memory 2 may include any type of tangible medium that is capable of storing information, such as a database. Databases caninclude any collection of records, data, and / or other information. In one embodiment, memory 2 may include a set of computer-executable instructions that, when executed, facilitate various functions or steps associated with the subject matter described herein. These instructions will be referred to as “instructions” or an “application” for short. The processor 3 may actually be multiple processors that may receive instructions and process them accordingly. The presentation component 4 may include a display, a speaker, a screen, a portable digital device, and / or other components that can present information through visual, auditory, and / or other tactile cues (e.g., a display, a screen, a lamp, a light-emitting diode (LED), a graphical user interface (GUI), and / or a lighted keyboard).

[0029] The radio 5 may facilitate communication with a network, and may additionally or alternatively facilitate other types of wireless communications, such as Wi-Fi, WiMAX, LTE, Bluetooth, and / or VoIP communications or other near-field communications, among other communication protocols. In various aspects, the radio 5 may be configured to support multiple technologies, and / or multiple radios may be configured and utilized to support one or multiple technologies.

[0030] The input / output (I / O) ports 6 may take a variety of forms. Exemplary I / O ports may include a USB jack, a stereo jack, an infrared port, and / or other proprietary communications ports. The input / output (I / O) components 7 may comprise one or more keyboards, microphones, speakers, touchscreens, and / or any other item useable to directly or indirectly input data into the computing device 1. The power supply 8 may comprise batteries, generators, fuel cells, and / or any other component that may act as a power source and / or source of electricity to supply power to computing device 1 and to any other components described herein.

[0031] Looking now at FIG. 2, an exhaust system 10 that is configured for temporarily storing exhaust to reduce emissions is shown, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In FIG. 2, the exhaust system 10 is depicted in generic form for clarity, simplicity, and explanation purposes. However, in actual implementation, the exhaust system 10 and components thereof can include additional elements and structure that support the described functionality. The exhaust system 10, like others described herein, can be integrated into a combustion engine vehicle, e.g., a car or truck (e.g., light-duty, medium-duty, or heavy-duty, including class 1-8 commercial trucks), or into other machines, equipment, and transports that operate using internal combustion. For example, in an embodiment, the exhaust system 10 can be incorporated into the example vehicle 200 shown in FIG. 11.

[0032] In FIG. 2, it can be seen that an engine 12 is attached to the exhaust system 10. In embodiments, the engine 12 can be one that operates using gasoline, diesel fuel, and / or biofuel. While depicted generically in FIG. 2, the exhaust system 10 includes a plurality of conduits that each allow exhaust to be communicated through different parts of the exhaust system 10. These conduits can be pipes, tubes, or other substantially enclosed pathways that allow fluid (e.g., exhaust gas) to be communicated (e.g., volumetrically transported or transferred) from one location in the exhaust system 10 to another location in the exhaust system 10.

[0033] The exhaust system 10 includes an exhaust after-treatment device 16. The exhaust after-treatment device 16 is positioned downstream from the engine 12 so that exhaust generated by the engine 12 then passes into and through the exhaust after-treatment device 16. The exhaust after-treatment device 16 can include components, materials, and / or substances that can at least partially reduce, mitigate, and / or eliminate certain combustion byproducts present in exhaust generated by the engine 12. For example, these combustion byproducts can include carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, methane, or other combustion byproducts. Processing combustion byproducts in the exhaust after-treatment device 16 reduces the amount of such combustion byproducts that pass through an exhaust outlet 42 and into the external atmosphere and thus helps to reduce overall engine emissions. In embodiments, the exhaust after-treatment device 16 can use catalysts to process combustion byproducts. In embodiments, the exhaust after-treatment device 16 can be any of the catalyst-based converters described in U.S patent nos. 8,707,687; 8,201,398; and 8,230,678, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in the entirety.

[0034] Looking still at FIG. 2, the exhaust system 10 includes an exhaust conduit 14. The exhaust conduit 14 is attached, directly or indirectly, to combustion components of the engine 12 so that exhaust generated by the combustion components of the engine 12 can be communicated into and through the exhaust conduit 14. The exhaust conduit 14 extends to a valve 18. The valve 18 is adjustable between at least a first position and a second position (e.g., as described in connection with FIGS. 4A and 4B herein). In the first position, the valve 18 permits exhaust from the engine 12 to pass through the valve 18, continue along the exhaust conduit 14, and then enter the exhaust after-treatment device 16 for processing. This generally corresponds to exhaust pathway 20 identified in FIG. 2. In the second position, the valve 18 permits exhaust from the engine 12 to pass through the valve 18 and then to a storage tank 22. Upon reaching certain conditions, e.g., desired operating conditions, exhaust stored in thestorage tank 22 can be released and travel through a valve 36 to the exhaust after-treatment device 16 for processing. This generally corresponds to exhaust pathway 24 identified in FIG. 2. In embodiments, the communication of the exhaust from the valve 18 to the storage tank 22 may be direct, or may be through another exhaust conduit interposed between the valve 18 and the storage tank 22, e.g., such as exhaust conduit 28 shown in the embodiment of FIG. 2.

[0035] The exhaust system 10 includes a compressor 26. During use of the exhaust pathway 24, exhaust that is generated by the engine 12 is communicated through the valve 18 (while in its second position) and then is communicated through the exhaust conduit 28 to the compressor 26. The compressor 26 can then be operated, e.g., by a controller 214 of a control system 212, to pressurize the exhaust and introduce the pressurized exhaust into the storage tank 22 through an inlet 32. This allows the storage tank 22 to be filled with pressurized exhaust during a temporary operating condition until the exhaust after-treatment device 16 is able to process the stored exhaust with a desired effectiveness.

[0036] The storage tank 22 includes an outlet 34. The outlet 34 is attached to an exhaust conduit 30. The exhaust conduit 30 extends to the valve 36. FIG. 2 shows the valve 36 at one location in the exhaust system 10, but in embodiments, the valve 36 can be positioned at other locations. For example, in embodiments, the valve 36 can be attached directly to the outlet 34, or the valve 36 can be integrated at some point along the exhaust conduit 30 generally as shown in FIG. 2, or the valve 36 can be attached directly to the exhaust conduit 14 at a junction 38 that is located downstream of the valve 18 along the exhaust pathway 20. Or, in an embodiment, the exhaust conduit 30 can extend directly to the exhaust after-treatment device 16, e.g., being attached at a junction 40 also shown in FIG. 2 for example purposes. Or, in an embodiment, the storage tank 22 can be attached substantially directly to the exhaust after- treatment device 16, e.g., without the exhaust conduit 30 interposed, as shown in FIG. 2. In such a configuration, the valve 36 can be interposed directly between the storage tank 22 and the exhaust after-treatment device 16 to allow for the controlled release of pressurized exhaust into the exhaust after-treatment device 16 as described herein.

[0037] FIG. 2 overall shows how the exhaust system 10 includes at least two selectable exhaust pathways, e.g., exhaust pathways 20 and 24. The exhaust pathway 20 allows exhaust to be communicated from the engine 12, through the exhaust conduit 14, through the valve 18, again through the exhaust conduit 14, and then into the exhaust after-treatment device 16 where the exhaust can be processed / treated, e.g., to at least partially reduce, mitigate, and / or eliminate combustion byproducts before the exhaust reaches the exhaust outlet 42. The exhaust pathway24 allows exhaust to be communicated from the engine 12, through the exhaust conduit 14, through the valve 18, to the compressor 26, and then to the storage tank 22 for temporary storage. Then, upon reaching a desired operating condition, the exhaust can be released and communicated through the valve 36 along the exhaust conduit 30, and then to the exhaust after- treatment device 16 where the exhaust can be processed / treated, e.g., to at least partially reduce, mitigate, and / or eliminate combustion byproducts before the exhaust reaches the exhaust outlet 42.

[0038] The exhaust system 10 can allow exhaust to be routed based on a particular operating condition or state. For example, the exhaust pathway 20 can be used during desired operating conditions, e.g., when the exhaust after-treatment device 16 is in a desired operating state (e.g., operating temperature or temperature range that allows a higher amount of combustion byproducts to be processed, relatively speaking), and the exhaust pathway 24 can be used during temporary operating conditions when the exhaust after-treatment device 16 is not in a desired operating state (e.g., when it is not yet at its operating temperature or temperature range, such that it can only process a lower amount of combustion byproducts, relatively speaking).

[0039] In embodiments, temporary operating conditions can be associated with cold startup or warm start-up of the engine 12 and / or operation of the engine 12 for a period of time subsequent. In such instances, temperatures throughout the exhaust system 10 may be increasing, but the exhaust after-treatment device 16 may not be at an operating temperature that allows it to reduce, mitigate, and / or eliminate a desired amount of undesirable emissions (e.g., combustion byproducts) compared to operation at the desired operating temperature or temperature range. Thus, if exhaust generated by the engine 12 is introduced into the exhaust after-treatment device 16 at this stage, it may not be fully processed / treated, and thus additional combustion byproducts could enter the exhaust outlet 42 and then be emitted to the external atmosphere. To limit this, the exhaust pathway 24 can be used to divert, pressurize, and store the exhaust in the storage tank 22 until the exhaust after-treatment device 16 reaches its desired operating state, e.g., desired operating temperature or temperature range. Upon reaching this desired operating state, the stored exhaust can be released into the exhaust after-treatment device 16 to be treated / processed with greater effectiveness. This can lower overall vehicle emissions, in particular throughout the many start-up cycles of a vehicle’s operational life.

[0040] The exhaust pathway 24, as described above, can be used to divert and store exhaust while the exhaust after-treatment device 16 transitions to its desired operating state, e.g.,desired operating temperature or temperature range. To facilitate the process of reaching the desired operating state, the temperature of the exhaust after-treatment device 16 can be increased through different methods. In embodiments, one or more heating elements can be coupled to the exhaust after-treatment device 16 and operated to increase the temperature of the exhaust after-treatment device 16 until the exhaust after-treatment device 16 reaches its desired operating temperature or temperature range. For example, one or more electrically- resistive heating elements can be coupled to the exhaust after-treatment device 16 and can be operated to increase the temperature thereof; one or more fluid conduits that route heated fluid can be coupled to the exhaust after-treatment device 16 and used to increase a temperature thereof; and / or one or more thermoelectric heating elements can be coupled to the exhaust after-treatment device 16 and used to increase a temperature thereof, among other possible heating methodologies. During this process, the temperature of the exhaust after-treatment device 16 can be monitored using one or more temperature sensors so that once the exhaust after-treatment device 16 reaches its desired operating temperature or temperature range, the heating can be reduced or ended, storing of exhaust can be reduced or ended, stored exhaust can be released into the exhaust after-treatment device 16 for processing, and / or the exhaust system 10 can be shifted from using the exhaust pathway 24 to using the exhaust pathway 20 (e.g., immediately or after a period of time) so that exhaust can be directly processed by the exhaust after-treatment device 16 and then released into the external atmosphere.

[0041] To release pressurized exhaust from the storage tank 22, the valve 36 can be adjusted from a closed position that restricts fluid communication to an at least partially open position that allows fluid communication (e.g., as described in connection with FIGS. 5A and 5B herein). This allows exhaust to be communicated through the exhaust conduit 30, through the valve 36, and then into the exhaust after-treatment device 16. In embodiments, the release of the pressurized exhaust from the storage tank 22 can be metered or staged so that the exhaust can be treated within the capacity limits of the exhaust after-treatment device 16 at its current state of operation. In embodiments, this metering can be provided by adjusting the valve 36, e.g., to control a volumetric flow rate through the valve 36. In embodiments, the valve 36 is a pressure -regulating valve (“PRV”). In additional or alternative embodiments, the valve 36 is capable of being adjusted into a first position and a second position, e.g., an open position and a closed position. In embodiments, the release of pressurized exhaust can similarly be controlled by simply adjusting a valve between an open position and a closed position in a repeating sequence to allow for a staged release of the pressurized exhaust.

[0042] The exhaust system 10 can include components that allow for selection of the exhaust pathway 20 or the exhaust pathway 24 based on the operating state of the engine 12 and / or the exhaust after-treatment device 16, as determined by operational feedback. For example, the exhaust system 10 can use the control system 212 and the controller 214 thereof shown in FIG. 2 to perform and control such functions. The controller 214 can be connected to different components of the exhaust system 10. In embodiments, the controller 214 can include one or more processors and / or memories that store executable instructions, and / or communication components, among other things. In embodiments, the controller 214 can be connected to components that monitor (e.g., provide feedback on) parts of the exhaust system 10 and / or that operate / control parts of the exhaust system 10.

[0043] In embodiments, the controller 214 can be configured to receive signals from one or more communicatively connected sensors 216 configured to provide feedback on various components of the exhaust system 10 to which they are connected. FIG. 2 depicts example sensors 216a, 216b, 216c that can provide such feedback.

[0044] In embodiments, the controller 214 can be configured to control and operate one or more actuators 218 that can adjust various components of the exhaust system 10 to which they are connected. FIG. 2 depicts example actuators 218a, 218b (that are operably attached to valves 18, 36) that can perform such functions.

[0045] In embodiments, the controller 214 can be configured to control and operate one or more heating elements 220 that can be used to heat various components of the exhaust system 10. FIG. 2 depicts example heating elements 220a, 220b, 220c that can perform such functions. The heating elements 220a, 220b, 220c in particular are operably and thermally coupled to the exhaust after-treatment device 16, to the storage tank 22, and to the exhaust conduit 14, respectively, so that they can be operated to increase a temperature of these components.

[0046] FIG. 2 shows how the sensors 216a, 216b, 216c can be implemented throughout the exhaust system 10 thereby forming part of the sensors 216 that send information to the controller 214. In the depicted example, at least one sensor 216a may be attached to the engine 12 and may electronically communicate with the controller 214 (e.g., to indicate an operating state of the engine 12 such as on or off, e.g., as determined by a crank-shaft sensor); at least one sensor 216b (e.g., a pressure sensor) may be attached to the storage tank 22 and may electronically communicate with the controller 214 (e.g., to indicate pressure conditions in the storage tank 22 and / or inlet / outlet valve status); at least one sensor 216c (e.g., a temperature sensor) may be attached to the exhaust after-treatment device 16 and may electronicallycommunicate with the controller 214 (e.g., to indicate an operating temperature of the device 16 and any catalysts therein). In embodiments, there may be sensors attached to the valves of the exhaust system 10 that electronically communicate with the controller 214 (e.g., to indicate a position of the valves). In embodiments, the sensors 216a, 216b, 216c and the controller 214 can be used in coordination to detect operating conditions of the exhaust system 10 (e.g., detect either desired operating conditions suitable for use of the exhaust pathway 20 or temporary operating conditions suitable for use of the exhaust pathway 24) and select or initiate use of an exhaust pathway 20, 24 based on the determined operating conditions, e.g., through operation of the actuators 218.

[0047] In embodiments, the control system 212 and controller 214 thereof can perform different functions. For example, the controller 214 can be configured to detect a change in the operating condition of the engine 12, e.g., based on a signal from the sensor 216a to the controller 214. This change in operating condition can be engine shut-down, engine start-up, or change in engine temperature, among other things. The controller 214 can also be configured to adjust the exhaust system 10 between using the exhaust pathway 20 (e.g., suitable for use in desired operating conditions) and using the exhaust pathway 24 (e.g., suitable for use in temporary operating conditions, e.g., cold or warm engine start-up and operation subsequent) based on feedback from the sensors 216. For example, when the engine 12 is started, the controller 214, having detected that the engine 12 is started and is thus in a temporary operating condition, can adjust the exhaust system 10 from using the exhaust pathway 20 to using the exhaust pathway 24, e.g., through operation of the actuator 218a attached to the valve 18. This routing allows exhaust generated by the engine 12 to be stored using the compressor 26 and the storage tank 22 as described herein. In another example, when the engine 12 is shut-down, the controller 214 can similarly adjust the exhaust system 10 so that the pathway 24 is selected for use upon engine start-up.

[0048] To adjust the exhaust system 10 from using the exhaust pathway 20 to using the exhaust pathway 24, the controller 214 can operate the actuator 218a attached to the valve 18 so that the valve 18 shifts from its first position to its second position. This allows exhaust generated by the engine 12 to be communicated through the exhaust conduit 14, through the valve 18, and to the compressor 26. The controller 214 can then operate the compressor 26 to pressurize the exhaust being supplied through the valve 18 and introduce the pressurized exhaust into the storage tank 22. The sensor 216b attached to the storage tank 22 can send signals to the controller 214, indicating a pressure inside the storage tank 22. In embodiments,these pressure indications can be used to determine a level of storage capacity used or remaining in the storage tank 22. In addition, the sensor 216c can send signals to the controller 214 indicating an operating condition of the exhaust after-treatment device 16. For example, the sensor 216c can monitor a temperature of the exhaust after-treatment device 16, communicate the temperature to the controller 214, and, in addition, can indicate when a desired operating temperature or temperature range of the exhaust after-treatment device 16 has been reached. Transition to the desired operating temperature, as discussed herein, can be facilitated or assisted by heating the exhaust after-treatment device 16 directly and / or indirecdy using any of the heating methods described herein. For example, the exhaust after-treatment device 16 can be heated through operation of one or more heating elements that transfer thermal energy to the exhaust after-treatment device 16.

[0049] In embodiments, the controller 214, using logic, can determine or estimate a time required for the exhaust after-treatment device 16 to reach a desired operating temperature based on indications from the sensor 216c and other data (e.g., atmospheric temperature). The controller 214 can also, using logic, determine or estimate a time to reach the maximum capacity of the storage tank 22 based on indications from the sensor 216b and other data (e.g., volumetric flow rate of the compressor 26). If the time to reach the desired operating temperature is greater than the time to reach the maximum capacity of the storage tank 22, the controller 214 may operate the heating element 220a to increase the rate of temperature change so that the desired operating temperature can be reached in a shorter period of time. This methodology can also be used to limit or decrease the required capacity of the storage tank 22 implemented in the exhaust system 10. In some embodiments, if the controller 214 determines, e.g., from the sensor 216c, that the exhaust after-treatment device 16 is proximate to a desired operating temperature, the controller 214 may simply operate the heating element 220a to increase the temperature of the exhaust after-treatment device 16 while using the exhaust pathway 20, without performing the pressurization / storage process using the exhaust pathway 24.

[0050] The pressurizing and storing of exhaust in the storage tank 22 can continue until the sensor 216c communicates to the controller 214 that the exhaust after-treatment device 16 has reached its desired operating condition, e.g., desired operating temperature or temperature range. To state it differently, the pressurizing and storing can continue until the exhaust after- treatment device 16 is in a state that allows it to process / treat a higher level of combustion byproducts per given volume of exhaust. Following obtaining this indication from the sensor216c, the controller 214 can operate the actuator 218b to at least partially open the valve 36. This initiates release of the pressurized exhaust from the storage tank 22. The pressurized exhaust can then flow through the exhaust conduit 30 and into the exhaust after-treatment device 16 where it can be processed / treated. This release of pressurized exhaust, as discussed herein, can be controlled so that the stored exhaust can be processed within the capacity limits of the exhaust after-treatment device 16. For example, the release of pressurized exhaust can be metered, sequenced, or staged to control the volumetric flow rate through the exhaust after- treatment device 16.

[0051] In addition to releasing the pressurized exhaust, the controller 214 can also adjust the exhaust system 10 to using the exhaust pathway 20 instead of using the exhaust pathway 24 when exhaust no longer needs to be pressurized and stored. For example, once having received the indication that the exhaust after-treatment device 16 has reached its desired operating condition, e.g., desired operating temperature or temperature range, the controller 214 can operate the actuator 218a to adjust the valve 18 to direct exhaust generated by the engine 12 along the exhaust pathway 20 instead of along the exhaust pathway 24. The shifting of the exhaust pathway used can occur immediately upon determining that the exhaust after- treatment device 16 is at its desired operating condition, or after a period of time subsequent, e.g., to allow at least a portion of the stored exhaust to be processed before changing exhaust pathways. The shifting of the exhaust pathway can also occur at the same time as, or subsequent to, the ending of operation of the compressor 26 used to introduce compressed exhaust into the storage tank 22. In embodiments, the shifting of the exhaust pathway can occur in response to a pressure in the storage tank reaching a predetermined level (e.g., a pressure / capacity limit of the storage tank, e.g., such as a maximum operating pressure of the storage tank 22, or percentage thereof, such as 90%, 95%, or 99%, among others).

[0052] When it is determined, e.g., by the controller 214 using logic, that a maximum capacity of the storage tank 22 will be reached before the exhaust after-treatment device 16 reaches a desired operating condition (e.g., due to colder conditions), heating elements, e.g., such as heating element 220a and / or 220c or others, may be operated to help increase the temperature of the exhaust after-treatment device 16 and thereby also reduce the time required to reach the desired operation condition, e.g., so that the desired operation condition can be reached prior to the storage tank 22 reaching its maximum capacity in which case a change from the exhaust pathway 20 to the exhaust pathway 24 would be facilitated.

[0053] Looking now at FIG. 3A, an example exhaust after-treatment device 55 is shown, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The exhaust after-treatment device 55 can be one configured to process / treat exhaust produced by a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine, a diesel-powered internal combustion engine, or an engine that operates using alternative fuels (e.g., bio-based fuels such as bio-diesel fuels). In embodiments, the exhaust after-treatment device 55 can be used with the exhaust system 10 shown in FIG. 1 or with the exhaust system 80 shown in FIG. 7.

[0054] The exhaust after-treatment devices described herein may use catalysts to process / treat combustion byproducts in exhaust in order to reduce, mitigate, and / or substantially eliminate the presence of such combustion byproducts in emitted exhaust. These catalysts often increase in effectiveness with higher temperatures until an operating temperature and / or temperature range is reached. In other words, these catalysts often reach their highest effectiveness once at their operating temperature / temperature range. The catalysts used in exhaust after-treatment devices are often heated to operating temperatures using exhaust produced by an attached internal combustion engine that is in operation.

[0055] However, because combustion engines also require time to reach their operating temperature and / or temperature range, catalysts used for emissions processing may not reach their operating temperature and / or temperature range until an associated engine has run long enough to allow for sufficient heat transfer from the exhaust to the exhaust after-treatment device. This factor can cause higher emissions of combustion byproducts at engine start-up and during operation for a period of time subsequent. However, during this temporary operating condition, the exhaust systems described herein can be used to temporarily store exhaust generated by the engine, and / or facilitate heating of the exhaust after-treatment device, and then release the exhaust once the exhaust after-treatment device and any catalysts therein have reached the desired operating condition, e.g., desired operating temperature and / or temperature range, allowing combustion byproducts in the exhaust to be processed more effectively and completely and thus reducing a level of such byproducts that are subsequently emitted into the external atmosphere.

[0056] In some embodiments, the exhaust after-treatment devices described herein can be selective catalyst reduction converters (hereinafter “SCRs”). SCRs can have different characteristics. For example, in embodiments, a SCR may include a ceramic material that is coated with chemicals that, together with exhaust fluid and heat of the exhaust, operate to convert nitrous oxide into nitrogen and water. In another instance, a diesel oxidation catalystconverter that includes a honeycomb cordierite ceramic material substrate coated with a catalyst, e.g., platinum and / or palladium, can be used. Further examples of catalyst-based converters and associated components and characteristics are described in U.S. patent nos. 8,707,687, 8,201,398, and 8,230,678, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in the entirety. The exhaust after-treatment devices described herein can include other features such as at least one diesel particulate filter, e.g., such as an aluminum titanate ceramic filter, that can be used for filtering particulates from exhaust passed through the device, and / or can include at least one diesel exhaust fluid mixing chamber, e.g., in which a reducing agent such as ammonia or a solution of urea and water can be introduced to produce an exhaust fluid, and / or can include a plurality of diesel particulate filters, mixing chambers, and SCRs arranged in parallel, among other possibilities.

[0057] Looking now at FIG. 3B, an example compressor 15 is shown, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The compressor 15 can be electrically-powered, e.g., by a 12-volt electrical system associated with a vehicle. The compressor 15 can be operated to compress a gas for introduction into a storage tank. In embodiments, the compressor 15 may be used with the exhaust system 10 shown in FIG. 2 or with the exhaust system 80 shown in FIG. 7.

[0058] Looking now at FIG. 3C, an example storage tank 23 is shown, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The storage tank 23 can be used to store compressed gas, e.g., exhaust gas generated by an engine and compressed using a compressor, e.g., such as the compressor 15 shown in FIG. 3B. The storage tank 23 can include an inlet, an outlet, and one or more valves that allow compressed gas to be introduced and / or released in a controlled fashion. In embodiments, the storage tank 23 may be used with the exhaust system 10 shown in FIG. 2 or with the exhaust system 80 shown in FIG. 7.

[0059] In connection with embodiments herein, the size of a storage tank can be selected based on a volume of exhaust gas produced by a particular engine over a particular period of operational time. To provide one non-limiting example, if an engine that produces 4,500 liters of exhaust gas during one minute of operation is used, a storage tank that holds 200 liters of exhaust gas at 22.5 atm (-101,325 Pascals or 101.325 Kilopascals) can be used to accommodate the exhaust generated by the engine during a temporary operating condition. In addition, the operation of one or more heating elements during a temporary operating condition to increase the rate of temperature rise in an exhaust after-treatment device can in turn also reduce the amount of storage capacity that is required.

[0060] Looking now at FIG. 3D, an example heating element 27 is shown, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The heating element 27 can be one of the heating elements 220 shown in FIGS. 2 and 7, or more specifically, can be one of the example heating elements 220a, 220b, 220c shown in FIGS. 2 and 7. The heating element 27 shown in FIG. 3D is an electrically-resistive heating element that uses electrical current and resistance to produce heat. However, other types of heating elements are also contemplated. For example, any heating element that is operable to transfer heat through conductive, convective, or radiant heating can be used with the embodiments described herein. These heating elements can be implemented at different locations in an exhaust system, e.g., the exhaust system 10 shown in FIG. 2 and / or the exhaust system 80 shown in FIG. 7. The heating elements in particular can be coupled to an exhaust after-treatment device, e.g., device 16 or device 86, and in particular to catalyst substrates thereof, in embodiments. Heating elements such as heating element 27 can be operated to accelerate the transition to a desired operating temperature (e.g., by increasing the rate of temperature increase of catalyst substrates in an exhaust after-treatment device such as device 16 or device 86), and also by association reduce an amount of exhaust gas that needs to be stored in a pressurized storage tank. This, in turn, can reduce the capacity requirements for a storage tank used to store exhaust gas, e.g., allowing for a smaller, more compact, and / or less expensive storage tank to be implemented.

[0061] Looking now at FIGS. 4A and 4B and FIGS. 5A and 5B, cross-sectional depictions of two example valves 50, 52 adjusted into different operational positions / configurations are shown, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the valves 50, 52 can be integrated into an exhaust system configured to temporarily store exhaust for reduced emissions, e.g., such as the exhaust system 10 shown in FIG. 2 or the exhaust system 80 shown in FIG. 7. The valves 50, 52 are depicted generically, and for example purposes. Different types of valves can be implemented in the embodiments described herein. This include solenoid valves, pneumatic valves, linear valves, multi-turn valves, rotary valves, metering valves, and the like, and as such, valves used in the embodiments described herein are not limited to those depicted in FIGS. 4A and 4B and FIGS. 5A and 5B.

[0062] FIGS. 4A and 4B depict the internal components of the valve 50 adjusted into different operational positions / configurations. In particular, in FIG. 4A, the valve 50 is adjusted into a first position / configuration, and in FIG. 4B, the valve is adjusted into a second position / configuration. The first position shown in FIG. 4A allows fluid communication through the valve 50 to a first outlet 54. The second position shown in FIG. 4B allows fluidcommunication through the valve 50 to a second outlet 56. The valve 50 thus allows for selection between two different fluid pathways. In embodiments, the valve 50 can be used as the valve 18 shown in FIG. 2, or can be used as the valve 92, shown in FIG. 7.

[0063] FIGS. 5A and 5B depict the internal components of the valve 52 adjusted into different operational positions / configurations. In particular, in FIG. 5A, the valve 52 is adjusted into a first position / configuration, e.g., with internal components in a substantially closed configuration. In FIG. 5B, the valve 52 is adjusted into a second position / configuration, e.g., with internal components in a substantially open configuration. The first position shown in FIG. 5A restricts, inhibits, and / or substantially prevents fluid communication through the valve 52. The second position shown in FIG. 5B allows or permits fluid communication through the valve 52. In an embodiment, the valve 52 can be used as the valve 36 shown in FIG. 2, or can be used as the valve 102 shown in FIG. 7.

[0064] Looking now at FIG. 6, a graph 60 representing time-based operation of an exhaust after-treatment device, during both temporary operating conditions and desired operating conditions, is shown, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The graph 60 includes an x-axis that represents time measured from engine start-up. The graph 60 also includes a y-axis that represents the temperature of one or more catalysts of an exhaust after- treatment device used to process / treat combustion byproducts present in exhaust gas.

[0065] In FIG. 6, time point 62 represents engine start-up. It can be seen from FIG. 6 that subsequent to engine start-up, the one or more catalysts begin to increase in temperature, e.g., as indicated by temperature line 64. This temperature increase can be generated by routing exhaust generated by the engine through the exhaust after-treatment device and / or by operating one or more heating elements that transfer thermal energy to the catalyst substrates of the exhaust after-treatment device. FIG. 6 shows the temperature increasing over time towards an operating temperature range 66 of the one or more catalysts. The dashed line 67 in FIG. 6 identifies the desired operating temperature (e.g., the lowest-end temperature of the range 66) of the one or more catalysts. To state it differently, the dashed line 67 represents the “light-off temperature” of one or more catalysts of an exhaust after-treatment device; temperatures below the dashed line 67 represent “pre-light-off’ temperatures; and temperatures above the dashed line 67 represent “post-light-off’ temperatures, with point 70 being “light-off time.”

[0066] The desired operating temperature or temperature range can differ based on the exhaust-after treatment device being used. In embodiments, when certain catalyst-based converters are used, the operating temperature range may be approximately 500-1,200 degreesFahrenheit, or approximately 260-648 degrees Celsius, in a non-limiting example. In such instances, the lowest number of the range can represent the operating temperature (light-off temperature), at or subsequent to which the exhaust systems herein are adjusted.

[0067] In FIG. 6, the time period 68 when the temperature is increasing but is lower than the desired operating temperature 67 corresponds to a temporary operating condition during which an associated exhaust after-treatment device is operating at reduced capacity to process undesired emissions. The temperature of the one or more catalysts eventually reaches the desired operating temperature 67, and then from that point on remains in the operating temperature range 66, as shown in FIG. 6. The time period 72 thus corresponds to a desired operating condition where an associated exhaust-after-treatment device is operating at a desired operating capacity to process undesired emissions. During the time period 68 associated with the temporary operating condition, the one or more catalysts may be in a state less effective at processing / treating combustion byproducts present in exhaust produced by an engine. Thus, during this time period 68, exhaust can be stored for later release into an exhaust after-treatment device, as described in connection with FIGS. 2 or 7. Once the desired operating temperature 67 is reached at point 70, as shown in FIG. 6, such that the one or more catalysts are now within their operating temperature range 66, the associated exhaust system (e.g., exhaust system 10 or 80) can be adjusted to release stored exhaust into the exhaust after-treatment device and / or route exhaust from the engine to the exhaust after-treatment device and then to an exhaust outlet instead of to a storage tank.

[0068] Looking now at FIG. 7, another exhaust system 80 configured to temporarily store exhaust during temporary operating conditions and then release exhaust during desired operating conditions to help reduce emissions is shown, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The exhaust system 80 is shown generically in FIG. 7 for clarity, simplicity, and explanation purposes. However, in actual implementation, the exhaust system 80 and components thereof can include additional elements, structures, and features that support the described functionality. The exhaust system 80, like others described herein, can be integrated into a combustion engine vehicle, e.g., a car or truck (e.g., light-duty, mediumduty, or heavy-duty, including class 1-8 commercial trucks), or into another machine, equipment, or transport that uses internal combustion and therefore produces exhaust. In an embodiment, the exhaust system 80 can be incorporated into the vehicle 200 shown in FIG. 11.

[0069] The exhaust system 80 is attached to an engine 82 that operates using internal combustion. The engine 82 can operate using gasoline, diesel fuel, or bio-derived fuels (e.g.,bio-diesel fuels) in different embodiments. The exhaust system 80 is configured so that exhaust generated by the engine 82 during its operation can be routed / communicated through one of multiple exhaust pathways, e.g., at least a first exhaust pathway or a second exhaust pathway, in the exhaust system 80, based on operating conditions.

[0070] Looking at FIG. 7 , the exhaust system 80 includes an exhaust conduit 84 that extends from the engine 82 to an exhaust after-treatment device 86. The exhaust after- treatment device 86 can be one suitable for treating / processing combustion byproducts present in exhaust gas as described herein. The exhaust system 80 further includes an exhaust conduit 88 that extends from the exhaust after-treatment device 86 to an exhaust outlet 90 where exhaust generated by the engine 82 can be released into the external atmosphere subsequent to passing through the exhaust after-treatment device 86.

[0071] The exhaust system 80 includes a valve 92. The valve 92 is positioned downstream from the exhaust after-treatment device 86 but upstream from the exhaust outlet 90. The valve 92 is adjustable into different positions, e.g., at least a first position and a second position, e.g., as described in connection with FIGS. 4A and 4B herein. The exhaust system 80 also includes an exhaust conduit 94 that extends from the valve 92 to a storage tank 96. The storage tank 96 includes an inlet, an outlet, and an enclosure / vessel configured to store pressurized exhaust gas. There is a compressor 98 upstream of the storage tank 96 that is operable to pressurize exhaust supplied through the valve 92, and through the exhaust conduit 94, and then to introduce the pressurized exhaust into the storage tank 96. This allows exhaust generated by the engine 82 and routed through the exhaust after-treatment device 86 to be compressed and temporarily stored in the storage tank 96 until the exhaust after-treatment device 86 reaches its desired operating condition, e.g., desired operating temperature or temperature range, that allows the exhaust after-treatment device 86 to process / treat a higher amount of combustion byproducts, relatively speaking. Reaching the desired operating condition can be considered to occur when one or more catalysts integrated into the exhaust after-treatment device 86 reach their desired operating temperature (e.g., light-off temperature).

[0072] The exhaust system 80 includes an exhaust conduit 100 that extends from the storage tank 96 back to the exhaust after-treatment device 86. There is in addition a valve 102 interposed between the storage tank 96 and the exhaust after-treatment device 86. The valve 102 is adjustable into different positions, e.g., open and closed positions, e.g., as described in connection with FIGS. 5A and 5B herein. The valve 102 can be operated to control (e.g., restrict or allow) communication of pressurized exhaust from the storage tank 96 to the exhaustafter-treatment device 86. The valve 102 can be operated in response to reaching a desired operating condition of the exhaust after-treatment device 86.

[0073] The exhaust conduit 100 can be configured to provide different pathways for reintroducing pressurized exhaust from the storage tank 96 into the exhaust after-treatment device 86. For example, in an embodiment, the exhaust conduit 100 can extend directly from the storage tank 96 to the exhaust after-treatment device 86, e.g., as shown by example pathway 104 depicted in FIG. 7. Or, the exhaust conduit 100 can extend from the storage tank 96 back to the exhaust conduit 84, where exhaust can be re-introduced upstream of the exhaust after- treatment device 86, e.g., as shown by example pathway 106 depicted in FIG. 7, and then communicated through the exhaust conduit 84 to an inlet of the exhaust after-treatment device 86. The pathways 104, 106 shown in FIG. 7 both allow pressurized exhaust released from the storage tank 96 to be re-introduced into the exhaust after-treatment device 86 through controlled operation of the valve 102.

[0074] The exhaust system 80 is configured to allow for use of either an exhaust pathway 116 or an exhaust pathway 118, based on the operating condition of the engine 82 and / or the exhaust after-treatment device 86. The exhaust system 80, like the exhaust system 10 shown in FIG. 2, includes a control system 212 with a controller 214. Like the exhaust system 10, the controller 214 can be connected to components of the exhaust system 80 and / or direct operation of components of the exhaust system 80. The controller 214 can include one or more processors, memories that store computer-executable instructions, and / or communication components. Like the exhaust system 10, the control system 212 includes sensors 216 that can provide feedback to the controller 214, actuators 218 that can be operated by the controller 214, and heating elements 220 that, if implemented, can be operated by the controller 214.

[0075] The sensors 216 can be integrated throughout the exhaust system 80 and used to provide feedback to the controller 214. The sensors 216 can be temperature sensors, pressure sensors, positions sensors, or the like. In embodiments, the sensors 216 can be configured to indicate operating temperature (e.g., of the exhaust after-treatment device 86), operating pressure (e.g., of the storage tank 96), and / or operating state (e.g., of the engine 82, of the compressor 98, and / or of pathway 116, 118 being used). For example, at least one sensor 216a may be attached to the engine 82 and may electronically communicate with the controller 214 (e.g., to indicate an operating state of the engine); at least one sensor 216b may be attached to the storage tank 96 and may electronically communicate with the controller 214 (e.g., to indicate pressure conditions in the storage tank 96 and / or inlet / outlet valve status); and / or atleast one sensor 216c may be attached to the exhaust after-treatment device 86 and may electronically communicate with the controller 214 (e.g., to indicate operating conditions such as the operating temperature of catalysts). There may also be sensors attached to the valves 92, 102 that electronically communicate with the controller 214 (e.g., to indicate a position of the valves 92, 102). In embodiments, the sensors 216a, 216b, 216c and the controller 214 can be used in coordination to distinguish operating conditions of the exhaust system 80 (e.g., desired operating conditions suitable for use of the exhaust pathway 116 or temporary operating conditions suitable for use of the exhaust pathway 118) and to select or initiate use of an exhaust pathway 116, 118 based on the determined operating conditions.

[0076] In embodiments, the controller 214 can be configured to send signals (e.g., operating instructions) to the actuators 218 to thereby control various components of the exhaust system 80 shown in FIG. 7. For example, the controller 214 can operate actuators 218a, 218b to thereby control the operational position of the valves 92, 102 shown in FIG. 7. The operation of the actuator 218a to adjust the valve 92 allows for selection of the exhaust pathway used, e.g., 116 or 118. The operation of the actuator 218b allows for controlling the release of pressurized exhaust from the storage tank 96 into the exhaust after-treatment device 86.

[0077] In embodiments, the controller 214 can be configured to control and operate one or more heating elements 220 that can be used to heat various components of the exhaust system 80 shown in FIG. 7. For example, the controller 214 can operate heating elements 220a, 220b, 220c shown in FIG. 7 to thereby heat their associated components. The heating elements 220a, 220b, 220c shown in FIG. 7 are coupled to the exhaust after-treatment device 86, to the storage tank 96, and to the exhaust conduit 84, respectively, thus allowing them to be operated by the controller 214 to increase a temperature of the proximate components as described similarly in connection with FIG. 2.

[0078] The exhaust system 80 is adjustable into different configurations so that exhaust generated by the engine 82 can be communicated through different exhaust pathways in the exhaust system 80. In particular, the exhaust system 80 can be adjusted so that exhaust generated by the engine 82 is communicated through either the exhaust pathway 116 or through the exhaust pathway 118. The exhaust pathway 116 can be used in desired operating conditions, e.g., when the exhaust after-treatment device 86 is in a desired operating state, e.g., desired operating temperature or temperature range, such that the exhaust after-treatment device 86 is able to process / treat a higher amount of combustion byproducts, relativelyspeaking. The exhaust pathway 116 allows exhaust to be processed by the exhaust after- treatment device 86 and then released to the external atmosphere through the exhaust outlet 90. The exhaust pathway 118 can be used during temporary operating conditions, e.g., when the exhaust after-treatment device 86 has not reached its desired operating state, e.g., desired operating temperature or temperature range, such that the exhaust after-treatment device 86 can process only a reduced amount of combustion byproducts compared to the desired operating state, relatively speaking. The exhaust pathway 118 allows exhaust to be diverted, compressed, and then introduced as pressurized exhaust into the storage tank 96 for later release into the exhaust after-treatment device 86.

[0079] The exhaust system 80 can be adjusted between using the exhaust pathway 116 and using the exhaust pathway 118 by adjusting the valve 92. The valve 92 can be adjusted by operating an attached actuator (e.g., associated with 218) initiated by the controller 214. The release of the pressurized exhaust from the storage tank 96 can be provided by adjusting the valve 102. The valve 102 can be adjusted by operating an attached actuator (e.g., associated with 218) initiated by the controller 214. The functionality of these components allows the exhaust system 80 to transition between different operational configurations, e.g., according to the process described in connection with FIG. 6, in one example.

[0080] The configuration of the exhaust system 80 shown in FIG. 7 provides multiple operational advantages. It helps increase the rate that thermal energy is transferred to the exhaust after-treatment device 86 during a temporary operating condition because exhaust initially generated by the engine 82 is communicated through the exhaust after-treatment device 86 before the exhaust is pressurized and introduced into the storage tank 96. This allows heat associated with the generated exhaust to be transferred to the exhaust after-treatment device 86, thereby increasing its temperature toward the operating temperature / operating temperature range. In embodiments, when the exhaust after-treatment device 86 includes one or more catalysts, this transfer of thermal energy helps accelerate the transition of the one or more catalysts to their operating temperature (e.g., light-off temperature). The operation of heating elements such as heating element 220a can introduce additional thermal energy to the exhaust after-treatment device 86 and help accelerate the transition of the exhaust after- treatment device 86 from the temporary operating condition to the desired operating condition where the exhaust after-treatment device 86 can more effectively process combustion byproducts. To state it differently, the use of additional heating elements / capacity can increase the slope of the temperature line 64 shown in FIG. 6 in connection with operation of the exhaustsystem 80 shown in FIG. 7. This, in turn, reduces the time required to reach the desired operating condition.

[0081] Looking now at FIG. 8, a prophetic example timeline 800 depicts plots 120, 122, 124, 126 representing an example operation of the components of the exhaust system 80 over a period of time, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. For each of plots 120, 122, 124, and 126, the x-axis represents time measured from engine start-up at time point (To).

[0082] In FIG. 8, the plot 120 represents exhaust catalyst temperature, or e.g., the temperature of exhaust after-treatment device 86 shown in FIG. 7, over time. The line 121 represents an operating temperature of the catalyst(s), and the intersection of point 123 with the line 121 corresponds to a time point (Tj) when the catalyst(s) have reached an operating temperature (e.g., light-off temperature).

[0083] The plot 122 represents a position of a valve (A) (e.g., valve 92 in FIG. 7) used to communicate exhaust through either a first exhaust pathway (e.g., exhaust pathway 116 shown in FIG. 7) to an exhaust outlet, e.g., the exhaust outlet 90 shown in FIG. 7, or through a second exhaust pathway (e.g., exhaust pathway 118 shown in FIG. 7) to a storage tank, e.g., the storage tank 96 shown in FIG. 7. Up until time point (Ti) when the catalyst(s) reach their operating temperature, the valve (A) remains in the second position (2nd) so that exhaust is communicated through the second exhaust pathway to the storage tank. Then, subsequent to the catalyst(s) reaching their operating temperature at the time point (Ti), the valve (A) is adjusted from the second position (2nd) to the first position (1st) so that exhaust is then communicated through the first exhaust pathway to the exhaust outlet instead of to the storage tank.

[0084] The plot 124 represents a position of a valve (B) (e.g., valve 102 in FIG. 7) used to control the release of pressurized exhaust from the storage tank. It can be seen that at the time point (Ti) where the catalyst(s) reach their operating temperature, the valve (B) is adjusted from a closed position (C) to an open position (O) to initiate release of pressurized exhaust from the storage tank into an exhaust after-treatment device, e.g., the exhaust after-treatment device 86 in FIG. 7. In embodiments, this adjusting / releasing may not be concurrent with reaching the time point (Ti), and instead can be delayed for a period of time (e.g., 1-60 seconds, or 1-5 minutes). While a continuous positioning of the valve (B) subsequent to the time point (Ti) is shown in the plot 124, the release of pressurized exhaust can instead be staged such that the valve (B) shifts multiple times (e.g., it is duty cycled) between the closed position (C) andthe open position (O) and / or metered such that the valve (B) is not fully opened during the release of pressurized exhaust from the storage tank.

[0085] The plot 126 represents the capacity of the storage tank used over time. It can be seen that subsequent to engine start-up at time point (To), the storage tank begins filling with pressurized exhaust and eventually reaches its highest level at the time point (Ti) when the catalyst(s) reach operating temperature (these may not necessarily align in certain embodiments). It is at this time that valve (B) is adjusted to initiate release of the pressurized exhaust from the storage tank. In embodiments, as stated above, this releasing may not be concurrent, and can be delayed for a period of time (e.g., 1-60 seconds, or 1-5 minutes). From this point, the capacity of the storage tank that is used (e.g., volume of gas stored) begins to decrease as exhaust exits into an exhaust after-treatment device for treatment / processing, as described herein.

[0086] Looking now at FIG. 9, a block diagram of a method 900 for temporarily storing exhaust to reduce emissions is shown, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 900 includes blocks 902-912, but is not limited to this selection of elements, or the order depicted. The method 900 may be carried out by a controller storing executable instructions in non-transitory memory, e.g., such as controller 214 shown in FIG. 2 and / or in FIG. 7. In block 902, the method 900 includes starting an engine, e.g., the engine 12 shown in FIG. 2, attached to an exhaust system, e.g., the exhaust system 10 shown in FIG. 2. The exhaust system can be adjustable between at least a first configuration and a second configuration, the first configuration communicating exhaust generated by the engine through a first exhaust pathway, e.g., the exhaust pathway 20 shown in FIG. 2, or the exhaust pathway 116 shown in FIG. 7, to an exhaust outlet, e.g., the exhaust outlet 42 shown in FIG. 2, or the exhaust outlet 90 shown in FIG. 7, and the second configuration communicating exhaust generated by the engine through a second exhaust pathway, e.g., the exhaust pathway 24 shown in FIG. 2, or the exhaust pathway 118 shown in FIG. 7, to a storage tank, e.g., the storage tank 22 shown in FIG. 2, or the storage tank 96 shown in FIG. 7. In block 904, the method 900 includes communicating, with the exhaust system in the second configuration, exhaust generated by the engine through the second exhaust pathway. In an embodiment, configuring the exhaust system into the second configuration includes commanding valve 18 into the second position, and closing valve 36. In another embodiment, configuring the exhaust system into the second configuration includes commanding valve 92 into the second position, and closing valve 102. In block 906, the method 900 includes pressurizing the exhaustcommunicated through the second exhaust pathway using a compressor, e.g., the compressor 26 shown in FIG. 2, or the compressor 98 shown in FIG. 7. In block 908, the method 900 includes introducing the pressurized exhaust into a storage tank, e.g., the storage tank 22 shown in FIG. 2, or the storage tank 96 shown in FIG. 7. In block 910, the method 900 includes detecting that an exhaust after-treatment device, e.g., the device 16 shown in FIG. 2, or the device 86 shown in FIG. 7, has reached operating temperature, e.g., the desired operating temperature 67 associated with the operating temperature range 66 shown in FIG. 6. In block 912, the method 900 includes releasing the pressurized exhaust from the storage tank into the exhaust after-treatment device. Specifically, in one embodiment, releasing the pressurized exhaust from the storage tank comprises configuring valve 18 in the first position, and opening valve 36 (referring to FIG. 2). In another embodiment, releasing the pressurized exhaust gas from the storage tank comprises configuring valve 92 in the first position, and opening valve 102 (referring to FIG. 7).

[0087] Looking now at FIG. 10, a block diagram of a method 1000 of manufacturing and / or configuring an exhaust system, e.g., the exhaust system 10 shown in FIG. 2 or the exhaust system 80 shown in FIG. 7, for reducing emissions is shown, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 1000 includes blocks 1002-1006, but is not limited to this selection of elements, or the order depicted. In block 1002, the method 1000 includes configuring an exhaust system to include a first exhaust pathway, e.g., the exhaust pathway 20 shown in FIG. 2, or the exhaust pathway 116 shown in FIG. 7, and a second exhaust pathway, e.g., the exhaust pathway 24 shown in FIG. 2, or the exhaust pathway 118 shown in FIG. 7, that each extend to an exhaust after-treatment device, e.g., the exhaust after-treatment device 16 shown in FIG. 2, or the exhaust after-treatment device 86 shown in FIG. 7. In block 1004, the method 1000 includes coupling at least one adjustable valve that can select either the first exhaust pathway or the second exhaust pathway to the exhaust system. In block 1006, the method 1000 includes attaching a storage tank to the exhaust system for storing exhaust communicated through the second exhaust pathway.

[0088] Looking now at FIG. 11 , an example vehicle 200 is shown, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 11, the vehicle 200 is depicted as a freight tractor only for non-limiting example purposes. The vehicle 200 can include an engine (enclosed within the vehicle’s engine compartment) and an exhaust system that is attached to the engine. The exhaust system can be any of the exhaust systems described herein that are adjustable between different configurations to help reduce emissions (e.g., through temporaryexhaust storage) in different operating circumstances. In one embodiment, the exhaust system 10 described in connection with FIG. 2 or the exhaust system 80 described in connection with FIG. 7 can be integrated into the vehicle 200, or into another vehicle, transport, equipment, or machinery.

[0089] The embodiments described herein can be used with any internal combustion engine and / or alternative powertrain that includes internal combustion components that generate emissions (e.g., a hybrid powertrain that uses a combination of internal combustion and electric power). In addition, the embodiments described herein can be used with internal combustion engines that operate on gasoline, diesel fuel, and / or bio-based fuels. In addition, the embodiments described herein can be used with any type of vehicle, e.g., passenger cars, trucks, or industrial vehicles and machinery, among others.

[0090] The following clauses represent example embodiments that can be implemented in any combination including in connection with other embodiments and / or solutions described in this disclosure.

[0091] Clause 1. A system for a vehicle, comprising: an exhaust system, comprising: a first exhaust pathway that extends from an engine, through an exhaust after-treatment device, and to an exhaust outlet, and a second exhaust pathway that extends from the engine, through the exhaust after-treatment device, and to a storage tank, wherein the exhaust system is adjustable between a first configuration where exhaust generated by the engine is communicated through the first exhaust pathway and a second configuration where exhaust generated by the engine is communicated through the second exhaust pathway; and a controller storing instructions in non- transitory memory that, when executed, cause the controller to: in a first operating condition, route exhaust through the first exhaust pathway, and in a second operating condition, route exhaust through the second exhaust pathway.

[0092] Clause 2. The system of clause 1 , wherein the second exhaust pathway further extends from the storage tank back to the exhaust after-treatment device.

[0093] Clause 3. The system of clause 1 or 2, wherein the second exhaust pathway extends from the storage tank directly into the exhaust after-treatment device, or wherein the second exhaust pathway extends from the storage tank to an exhaust conduit that extends to an inlet of the exhaust after-treatment device.

[0094] Clause 4. The system of any of clauses 1-3, further comprising at least one heating element coupled to the exhaust after-treatment device and operable by the controller, wherein the at least one heating element can be operated to increase a temperature of the exhaust after-treatment device while exhaust is being communicated through the second exhaust pathway to the storage tank.

[0095] Clause 5. The system of any of clauses 1-4, further comprising: a compressor; wherein the controller stores additional instructions to pressurize exhaust gas supplied through the second exhaust pathway and introduce the pressurized exhaust gas into the storage tank.

[0096] Clause 6. The system of any of clauses 1-5, further comprising: a first valve adjustable between a first position and a second position, the first position capable of communicating exhaust gas from the exhaust after-treatment device along the first exhaust pathway, and the second position capable of communicating exhaust gas from the exhaust after- treatment device along the second exhaust pathway; and a second valve adjustable to control release of the pressurized exhaust gas from the storage tank into the exhaust after-treatment device, wherein the controller stores additional instructions to, in the first operating condition, adjust the first valve to the first position and, in the second operating condition, adjust the first valve to the second position.

[0097] Clause 7. The system of any of clauses 1-6, further comprising: a temperature sensor coupled to the exhaust after-treatment device, wherein the controller further stores instructions to, responsive to a signal from the temperature sensor indicating that an operating temperature of the exhaust after-treatment device has been reached, command open the second valve to release the pressurized exhaust gas from the storage tank, and command the first valve to the first position so as to route the pressurized exhaust gas to the exhaust outlet through the exhaust after-treatment device.

[0098] Clause 8. The system of any of clauses 1-7, wherein the controller further stores instructions to maintain closed the second valve while exhaust gas is being routed to the storage tank.

[0099] Clause 9. A vehicle, comprising: an engine; and an exhaust system attached to the engine and comprising: a first exhaust pathway that extends from the engine, through an exhaust after-treatment device, and to an exhaust outlet, and a second exhaust pathway that extends from the engine, through the exhaust after-treatment device, and to a storage tank, wherein the exhaust system is adjustable between a first configuration where exhaust generated by the engine is communicated through the first exhaust pathway and a second configuration where exhaust generated by the engine is communicated through the second exhaust pathway; and a controller storing instructions in non-transitory memory that, when executed, cause thecontroller to: in a first operating condition, route exhaust through the first exhaust pathway, and in a second operating condition, route exhaust through the second exhaust pathway.

[0100] Clause 10. The vehicle of clause 9, wherein the engine comprises: a gasoline- powered internal combustion engine, or a diesel-powered internal combustion engine.

[0101] Clause 11. The vehicle of clause 9 or 10, wherein the second exhaust pathway extends from the storage tank back to the exhaust after-treatment device.

[0102] Clause 12. The vehicle of any of clauses 9-11, further comprising at least one heating element coupled to the exhaust after-treatment device and operable by the controller, wherein the at least one heating element can be used to increase a temperature of the exhaust after-treatment device while exhaust is being communicated through the second exhaust pathway to the storage tank.

[0103] Clause 13. The vehicle of any of clauses 9-12, further comprising: a compressor, wherein the controller stores additional instructions to pressurize exhaust gas supplied through the second exhaust pathway and introduce the pressurized exhaust gas into the storage tank

[0104] Clause 14. The vehicle of any of clauses 9-13, further comprising: a first valve adjustable between a first position and a second position, the first position capable of communicating exhaust gas from the exhaust after-treatment device along the first exhaust pathway, and the second position capable of communicating exhaust gas from the exhaust after- treatment device along the second exhaust pathway; and a second valve adjustable to control release of the pressurized exhaust gas from the storage tank into the exhaust after-treatment device, wherein the controller stores additional instructions to, in the first operating condition, adjust the first valve to the first position and, in the second operating condition, adjust the first valve to the second position.

[0105] Clause 15. The vehicle of any of clauses 9-14, further comprising: a temperature sensor coupled to the exhaust after-treatment device, wherein the controller further stores instructions to, responsive to a signal from the temperature sensor indicating that an operating temperature of the exhaust after-treatment device has been reached, command open the second valve to release the pressurized exhaust gas from the storage tank, and command the first valve to the first position so as to route the pressurized exhaust gas to the exhaust outlet through the exhaust after-treatment device.

[0106] Clause 16. A method for temporarily storing exhaust to reduce undesired emissions, the method comprising: starting an engine attached to an exhaust system, wherein the exhaust system is adjustable between a first configuration and a second configuration, the firstconfiguration allowing exhaust generated by the engine to be communicated through a first exhaust pathway to an exhaust outlet, and the second configuration allowing exhaust generated by the engine to be communicated through a second exhaust pathway to a storage tank; communicating, with the exhaust system in the second configuration, exhaust generated by the engine through the second exhaust pathway; pressurizing the exhaust communicated through the second exhaust pathway using a compressor; introducing the pressurized exhaust into the storage tank; detecting that an exhaust after-treatment device has reached an operating temperature; and releasing the pressurized exhaust from the storage tank into the exhaust after- treatment device.

[0107] Clause 17. The method of clause 16, wherein, in the second configuration, exhaust is communicated from the engine, through the exhaust after-treatment device, and then to the storage tank.

[0108] Clause 18. The method of clause 16 or 17, further comprising, while the exhaust is being communicated through the second exhaust pathway, operating at least one heating element coupled to the exhaust after-treatment device to thereby increase a rate of temperature increase of one or more catalysts in the exhaust after-treatment device.

[0109] Clause 19. The method of any of clauses 16-18, further comprising: determining, via a controller using logic, a time for the exhaust after-treatment device to reach the operating temperature; determining, via the controller using logic, a time for the storage tank to reach a maximum capacity; and initiating, by the controller, operation of the at least one heating element based on the time to reach the operating temperature exceeding the time to reach the maximum capacity of the storage tank.

[0110] Clause 20. The method of any of clauses 16-19, wherein, in the second configuration, exhaust is communicated from the engine to the storage tank before reaching the exhaust after-treatment device.

[0111] Clause 21. The method of any of clauses 16-20, further comprising, while the exhaust is being communicated through the second exhaust pathway, operating at least one heating element coupled to the exhaust after-treatment device to thereby increase a rate of temperature increase of one or more catalysts in the exhaust after-treatment device.

[0112] Clause 22. The method of any of clauses 16-21, further comprising metering or staging the releasing of the pressurized exhaust from the storage tank.

[0113] Clause 23: A method of manufacturing an exhaust system according to any of clauses 1-22, or any embodiment herein.

[0114] Clause 24. A method of integrating and / or retrofitting an exhaust system according to any of clauses 1-22, or any embodiment herein, into a vehicle.

[0115] In some embodiments, this disclosure may include the language, for example, “at least one of [element A] and [element B].” This language may refer to one or more of the elements. For example, “at least one of A and B” may refer to “A,” “B,” or “A and B.” In other words, “at least one of A and B” may refer to “at least one of A and at least one of B,” or “at least either of A or B.” In some embodiments, this disclosure may include the language, for example, “[element A], [element B], and / or [element C].” This language may refer to either of the elements or any combination thereof. In other words, “A, B, and / or C” may refer to “A,” “B,” “C,” “A and B,” “A and C,” “B and C,” or “A, B, and C.” In addition, this disclosure may use the term “and / or” which may refer to any one or combination of the associated elements.

[0116] The subject matter of this disclosure has been described in relation to particular embodiments, which are intended in all respects to be illustrative rather than restrictive. In this sense, alternative embodiments will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present subject matter pertains without departing from the scope hereof. In addition, different combinations and sub-combinations of elements disclosed, as well as use and inclusion of elements not shown, are possible and contemplated as well.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A system for a vehicle, comprising: an exhaust system, comprising: a first exhaust pathway that extends from an engine, through an exhaust after-treatment device, and to an exhaust outlet, and a second exhaust pathway that extends from the engine, through the exhaust after-treatment device, and to a storage tank, wherein the exhaust system is adjustable between a first configuration where exhaust generated by the engine is communicated through the first exhaust pathway and a second configuration where exhaust generated by the engine is communicated through the second exhaust pathway; and a controller that stores instructions in non-transitory memory that, when executed, cause the controller to: in a first operating condition, route exhaust through the first exhaust pathway, and in a second operating condition, route exhaust through the second exhaust pathway.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the second exhaust pathway further extends from the storage tank back to the exhaust after-treatment device.

3. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the second exhaust pathway extends from the storage tank directly into the exhaust after-treatment device, or wherein the second exhaust pathway extends from the storage tank to an exhaust conduit that extends to an inlet of the exhaust after-treatment device.

4. The system of any of claims 1-3, further comprising at least one heating element coupled to the exhaust after-treatment device and operable by the controller, wherein the at least one heating element can be operated to increase a temperature of the exhaust after- treatment device while exhaust is being communicated through the second exhaust pathway to the storage tank.

5. The system of any of claims 1-4, further comprising: a compressor; wherein the controller stores additional instructions to pressurize exhaust gas supplied through the second exhaust pathway and introduce the pressurized exhaust gas into the storage tank.

6. The system of any of claims 1-5, further comprising: a first valve adjustable between a first position and a second position, the first position capable of communicating exhaust gas from the exhaust after-treatment device along the first exhaust pathway, and the second position capable of communicating exhaust gas from the exhaust after- treatment device along the second exhaust pathway; and a second valve adjustable to control release of the pressurized exhaust gas from the storage tank into the exhaust after-treatment device, wherein the controller stores additional instructions to, in the first operating condition, adjust the first valve to the first position and, in the second operating condition, adjust the first valve to the second position.

7. The system of claim 6, further comprising: a temperature sensor coupled to the exhaust after-treatment device, wherein the controller further stores instructions to, responsive to a signal from the temperature sensor indicating that an operating temperature of the exhaust after-treatment device has been reached, command open the second valve to release the pressurized exhaust gas from the storage tank, and command the first valve to the first position so as to route the pressurized exhaust gas to the exhaust outlet through the exhaust after-treatment device.

8. The system of claim 6 or 7, wherein the controller further stores instructions to maintain closed the second valve while exhaust gas is being routed to the storage tank.

9. A vehicle, comprising: an engine; and an exhaust system attached to the engine and comprising: a first exhaust pathway that extends from the engine, through an exhaust after-treatment device, and to an exhaust outlet, and a second exhaust pathway that extends from the engine, through the exhaust after-treatment device, and to a storage tank, wherein the exhaust system is adjustable between a first configuration where exhaust generated by the engine is communicated through the first exhaust pathway and a second configuration where exhaust generated by the engine is communicated through the second exhaust pathway; and a controller storing instructions in non-transitory memory that, when executed, cause the controller to: in a first operating condition, route exhaust through the first exhaust pathway, and in a second operating condition, route exhaust through the second exhaust pathway.

10. The vehicle of claim 9, wherein the engine comprises: a gasoline- powered internal combustion engine, or a diesel-powered internal combustion engine.

11. The vehicle of claim 9 or 10, wherein the second exhaust pathway extends from the storage tank back to the exhaust after-treatment device.

12. The vehicle of any of claims 9-12, further comprising at least one heating element coupled to the exhaust after-treatment device and operable by the controller, wherein the at least one heating element can be used to increase a temperature of the exhaust after-treatment device while exhaust is being communicated through the second exhaust pathway to the storage tank.

13. The vehicle of any of claims 9-12, further comprising: a compressor, wherein the controller stores additional instructions to pressurize exhaust gas supplied through the second exhaust pathway and introduce the pressurized exhaust gas into the storage tank.

14. The vehicle of any of claims 9-13, further comprising: a first valve adjustable between a first position and a second position, the first position capable of communicating exhaust gas from the exhaust after-treatment device along the first exhaust pathway, and the second position capable of communicating exhaust gas from the exhaust after- treatment device along the second exhaust pathway; and a second valve adjustable to control release of the pressurized exhaust gas from the storage tank into the exhaust after-treatment device, wherein the controller stores additional instructions to, in the first operating condition, adjust the first valve to the first position and, in the second operating condition, adjust the first valve to the second position.

15. The vehicle of claim 14, further comprising: a temperature sensor coupled to the exhaust after-treatment device, wherein the controller further stores instructions to, responsive to a signal from the temperature sensor indicating that an operating temperature of the exhaust after-treatment device has been reached, command open the second valve to release the pressurized exhaust gas from the storage tank, and command the first valve to the first position so as to route the pressurized exhaust gas to the exhaust outlet through the exhaust after-treatment device.

16. A method for temporarily storing exhaust to reduce undesired emissions, the method comprising: starting an engine attached to an exhaust system, wherein the exhaust system is adjustable between a first configuration and a second configuration, the first configuration allowing exhaust generated by the engine to be communicated through a first exhaust pathway to an exhaust outlet, and the second configuration allowing exhaust generated by the engine to be communicated through a second exhaust pathway to a storage tank; communicating, with the exhaust system in the second configuration, exhaust generated by the engine through the second exhaust pathway; pressurizing the exhaust communicated through the second exhaust pathway using a compressor; introducing the pressurized exhaust into the storage tank; detecting that an exhaust after-treatment device has reached an operating temperature; and releasing the pressurized exhaust from the storage tank into the exhaust after- treatment device.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein, in the second configuration, exhaust is communicated from the engine, through the exhaust after-treatment device, and then to the storage tank.

18. The method of claim 16 or 17, further comprising, while the exhaust is being communicated through the second exhaust pathway, operating at least one heating element coupled to the exhaust after-treatment device to thereby increase a rate of temperature increase of one or more catalysts in the exhaust after-treatment device.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising: determining, via a controller using logic, a time for the exhaust after-treatment device to reach the operating temperature; determining, via the controller using logic, a time for the storage tank to reach a maximum capacity; and initiating, by the controller, operation of the at least one heating element based on the time to reach the operating temperature exceeding the time to reach the maximum capacity of the storage tank.

20. The method of any of claims 16-19, wherein, in the second configuration, exhaust is communicated from the engine to the storage tank before reaching the exhaust after-treatment device.

21. The method of any of claims 16-20, further comprising, while the exhaust is being communicated through the second exhaust pathway, operating at least one heating element coupled to the exhaust after-treatment device to thereby increase a rate of temperature increase of one or more catalysts in the exhaust after-treatment device.

22. The method of any of claims 16-21, further comprising metering or staging the releasing of the pressurized exhaust from the storage tank.

23. A vehicle comprising the system of claim 1.

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