Signal transmission method and apparatus, and computer device, readable storage medium and product

Abstract

The present application relates to a signal transmission method and apparatus, and a computer device, a readable storage medium and a product. The method comprises: when a base station does not receive an Internet-of-Things signal sent by a backscatter device, determining at least one candidate relay from each terminal according to related information of the backscatter device and related information of each terminal; and sending a forwarding mode enabling instruction to the at least one candidate relay, and determining a target relay on the basis of a response result of the forwarding mode enabling instruction, so as to forward the Internet-of-Things signal to the base station.

Description

Signal transmission method, device, computer equipment, readable storage medium and product

[0001] Related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application number 202310896920.5, filed on July 21, 2023, entitled “Signal Transmission Method, Apparatus, Computer Equipment, Readable Storage Medium and Product,” the entire text of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a signal transmission method, apparatus, computer equipment, readable storage medium and product. Background Art

[0004] With the development of communication technology, backscattering technology has been developed to meet the communication requirements of low power consumption and low cost.

[0005] Among them, the backscattering device needs to use the wireless signal transmitted by the base station as an excitation signal to realize reflection scattering communication transmission, so the reflection scattering device has extremely high requirements for the wireless signal strength.

[0006] In actual applications, it is very likely that the backscattering device is located in a blind area or weak area of ​​base station coverage, which may lead to the problem that the base station cannot receive the IoT signal when using related technologies.

[0007] Summary of the Invention

[0008] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a signal transmission method, the method comprising:

[0009] In a case where the base station does not receive the IoT signal sent by the backscatter device, determining at least one candidate relay from each terminal based on relevant information of the backscatter device and each terminal, wherein the relevant information includes at least a distance between the backscatter device and each terminal;

[0010] A forwarding mode activation instruction is sent to at least one candidate relay, and a target relay is determined based on a response result of the forwarding mode activation instruction; the target relay is used to forward the Internet of Things signal to the base station.

[0011] In one embodiment, when the base station does not receive the IoT signal sent by the backscatter device, determining at least one candidate relay from each terminal based on relevant information of the backscatter device and each terminal includes:

[0012] Get the number of times the base station fails to receive IoT signals;

[0013] At least one candidate relay is determined from each terminal according to the number and related information.

[0014] In one embodiment, determining at least one candidate relay from each terminal based on the number of times and related information includes:

[0015] If the number is the first time, the sending period in which the IoT signal is not received is divided into three time periods, and at least one candidate relay is determined in at least one time period based on relevant information.

[0016] In one embodiment, determining at least one candidate relay within at least one time period based on the relevant information includes:

[0017] In a first time period, the distances between the backscatter device and each terminal are sorted in ascending order, and a first number of first candidate relays with top distance rankings are selected from all terminals.

[0018] In one embodiment, the forwarding mode on instruction includes receiving a mode on instruction; sending the forwarding mode on instruction to at least one candidate relay, and determining a target relay based on a response result of the forwarding mode on instruction, including:

[0019] Sending a receiving mode activation instruction to each first candidate relay; the receiving mode activation instruction is used to instruct the first candidate relay to activate the receiving mode;

[0020] If an IoT signal is received within the first time period, the first candidate relay corresponding to the IoT signal first received by the base station is determined as the target relay.

[0021] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0022] Send an excitation signal to the backscatter device; the excitation signal is used by the backscatter device to load the IoT signal into the excitation signal to obtain a modulated signal;

[0023] Receive the IoT signal sent by the target relay; the IoT signal is obtained by the target relay receiving and demodulating the modulated signal in the receiving mode.

[0024] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0025] A receiving mode off instruction is sent to other first candidate relays except the target relay; the receiving mode off instruction is used to instruct the first candidate relay to turn off the receiving mode.

[0026] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0027] If no IoT signal is received within the first time period, the distances between the backscatter device and each terminal are sorted in ascending order, and a second number of second candidate relays with higher distance rankings are selected from all terminals; the second number is smaller than the first number.

[0028] In one embodiment, the forwarding mode on instruction includes an incentive mode on instruction, sending the forwarding mode on instruction to at least one candidate relay, and determining a target relay based on a response result of the forwarding mode on instruction, including:

[0029] determining an activation moment for each second candidate relay according to the second time period and the second quantity;

[0030] Sending an excitation mode start instruction to each second candidate relay in ascending order of distance; the excitation mode start instruction is used to instruct the second candidate relay to send an excitation signal to the backscatter device at the corresponding excitation time, so that the backscatter device loads the IoT signal into the excitation signal and then sends it to the second candidate relay;

[0031] If an IoT signal is received within the second time period, the second candidate relay corresponding to the IoT signal with the strongest signal strength is determined as the target relay.

[0032] In one embodiment, if an IoT signal is received within the second time period, determining the second candidate relay corresponding to the IoT signal with the strongest signal strength as the target relay includes:

[0033] If the modulated signals sent by each second candidate relay are received within the second time period, each modulated signal is demodulated to obtain the corresponding Internet of Things signal, and the second candidate relay corresponding to the Internet of Things signal with the strongest signal strength is determined as the target relay; the modulated signal is obtained by the backscatter device modulating the Internet of Things signal on the excitation signal sent by the second candidate relay.

[0034] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0035] If no IoT signal is received within the second time period, the distances between the backscatter device and each terminal are sorted in ascending order, and the third number of third candidate relays with the highest distance rankings are selected from all terminals; the third number is smaller than the second number.

[0036] In one embodiment, the forwarding mode on instruction includes a full mode on instruction, sending the forwarding mode on instruction to at least one candidate relay, and determining a target relay based on a response result of the forwarding mode on instruction, includes:

[0037] Sending a full-mode start instruction to each third candidate relay in ascending order of distance and the IoT signal reception result; the full-mode start instruction is used to instruct the third candidate relay to send an excitation signal to the backscatter device;

[0038] If an IoT signal is received within the third time period, the third candidate relay corresponding to the IoT signal received by the base station is determined as the target relay.

[0039] In one embodiment, determining at least one candidate relay from each terminal based on the number of times and related information includes:

[0040] If the number is the second time, the target prior information of the target terminal and the backscatter device is obtained; the target terminal is the terminal that successfully sends the IoT signal to the base station in the forwarding mode during the historical sending period when the base station did not receive the IoT signal for the first time;

[0041] Determine the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode based on the relevant information and target prior information;

[0042] At least one candidate relay is determined according to the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode.

[0043] In one embodiment, the relevant information also includes the channel quality between the backscatter device and each terminal;

[0044] When the forwarding mode is the receiving mode, the target priori information includes a first distance between the target terminal and the backscatter device and a first channel quality between the target terminal and the backscatter device.

[0045] In one embodiment, the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the receiving mode is determined based on the following formula according to the relevant information and the target prior information:

[0046] Among them, d u represents the distance between the backscatter device and the terminal in the receiving mode, d us represents the first distance between the backscatter device and the target terminal in the receiving mode, h u represents the channel quality between the backscatter device and the terminal in the receiving mode, h us represents a first channel quality between the backscatter device and the target terminal in the receiving mode, represents the distance weight factor in the receiving mode, and γ1 represents the channel quality weight factor in the receiving mode.

[0047] In one embodiment, the relevant information also includes the channel quality between the backscatter device and each terminal, and the transmission power of the excitation signal sent by each terminal;

[0048] When the forwarding mode is the excitation mode or the full mode, the target prior information includes the second distance between the target terminal and the backscatter device, the second channel quality between the target terminal and the backscatter device, and the transmission power of the excitation signal transmitted by the target terminal.

[0049] In one embodiment, according to the relevant information and the target prior information, the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the incentive mode is determined based on the following formula:

[0050] Among them, d u represents the distance between the backscatter device and the terminal in the excitation mode, d us represents the second distance between the backscatter device and the target terminal in the excitation mode, P u represents the transmission power of the excitation signal transmitted by the terminal to the backscattering device in the excitation mode, P us represents the transmission power of the excitation signal transmitted by the target terminal to the backscattering device in the excitation mode, h u represents the channel quality between the backscatter device and the terminal in the excitation mode, h us represents the second channel quality between the backscatter device and the target terminal in the excitation mode, represents the distance weight factor in the excitation mode, β2 represents the transmission power weight factor in the excitation mode, and γ2 represents the channel quality weight factor in the excitation mode.

[0051] In one embodiment, according to the relevant information and the target prior information, the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the full mode is determined based on the following formula:

[0052] Among them, d u represents the distance between the backscatter device and the terminal in the full mode, d us represents the second distance between the backscatter device and the target terminal in the full mode, P u represents the transmission power of the excitation signal transmitted by the terminal to the backscattering device in the full mode, P us represents the transmission power of the excitation signal transmitted by the target terminal to the backscatter device in the full mode, h u represents the channel quality between the backscatter device and the terminal in the full mode, h usrepresents the second channel quality between the backscatter device and the target terminal in the full mode, represents the distance weight factor in the full mode, β3 represents the transmission power weight factor in the full mode, and γ3 represents the channel quality weight factor in the full mode.

[0053] In one embodiment, determining at least one candidate relay from each terminal based on the number of times and related information includes:

[0054] If the number of times is greater than or equal to the third time, the prior information of each target terminal and the backscatter device is obtained; each target terminal is a terminal that successfully sends an IoT signal to the base station in the forwarding mode within each historical sending period;

[0055] Determine the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode according to the relevant information and the prior information;

[0056] At least one candidate relay is determined according to the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode.

[0057] In one embodiment, determining the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode based on the relevant information and the prior information includes:

[0058] Get the average value of each prior information;

[0059] According to the average value of each prior information and related information, the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode is determined.

[0060] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a signal transmission device, the device comprising:

[0061] a candidate relay determination module configured to, when the base station does not receive the IoT signal sent by the backscatter device, determine at least one candidate relay from each terminal based on relevant information about the backscatter device and each terminal; the relevant information including at least the distance between the backscatter device and each terminal;

[0062] The target relay determination module is used to send a forwarding mode activation instruction to at least one candidate relay and determine the target relay based on the response result of the forwarding mode activation instruction; the target relay is used to forward the Internet of Things signal to the base station.

[0063] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer device, comprising a transceiver, a memory, and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method of any embodiment in the first aspect are implemented.

[0064] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method of any embodiment in the first aspect are implemented.

[0065] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method of any embodiment in the first aspect.

[0066] The details of one or more embodiments of the present application are set forth in the following drawings and description. Other features, objects, and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the description, drawings, and claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0067] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the conventional technology, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the conventional technology descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the disclosed drawings without any creative work.

[0068] FIG1 is a diagram illustrating an application environment of a signal transmission method according to an embodiment;

[0069] FIG2 is a schematic flow chart of a signal transmission method according to an embodiment;

[0070] FIG3 is a schematic flow chart of a signal transmission method in another embodiment;

[0071] FIG4 is a schematic flow chart of a signal transmission method in another embodiment;

[0072] FIG5 is a schematic flow chart of a signal transmission method in another embodiment;

[0073] FIG6 is a schematic flow chart of a signal transmission method in another embodiment;

[0074] FIG7 is a schematic flow chart of a signal transmission method in another embodiment;

[0075] FIG8 is a schematic flow chart of a signal transmission method in another embodiment;

[0076] FIG9 is a schematic flow chart of a signal transmission method in another embodiment;

[0077] FIG10 is a schematic flow chart of a signal transmission method in another embodiment;

[0078] FIG11 is a structural block diagram of a signal transmission device according to an embodiment;

[0079] FIG12 is a diagram showing the internal structure of a computer device in one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0080] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, the following further describes this application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0081] In the communications field, backscatter technology has developed to meet the requirements of low power consumption and low cost. To achieve backscatter communication transmission, a backscatter device uses a wireless signal as an excitation signal, then loads the signal to be transmitted onto the excitation signal before sending the signal to the base station.

[0082] In actual applications, a backscatter device may be located in a blind spot or weak area of ​​base station coverage. In this case, the backscatter device may not be able to receive wireless signals or the signal strength of the received wireless signals may be weak. However, since the backscatter device has high sensitivity requirements for wireless signals, the base station may not be able to receive the IoT signal. Based on this, an embodiment of the present application provides a signal transmission method that can solve the problem of backscatter devices being located in blind spots or weak areas of base station coverage. By selecting a relay to assist the backscatter device in transmitting the IoT signal, the IoT signal to be transmitted by the backscatter device in the blind spot or weak area of ​​base station coverage is sent to the base station.

[0083] The signal transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to the signal transmission system shown in Figure 1, and the signal transmission system includes a base station, multiple terminals and a backscattering device. In actual applications, a reflection communication link can be established between the base station and each terminal, or a direct communication link (i.e., a cellular network link) can be established, and the base station and each terminal can achieve communication connection through the reflection communication link or the direct communication link; a reflection communication link can be established between each terminal and the backscattering device, and each terminal and the backscattering device can achieve communication connection through the reflection communication link; a direct communication link can be established between the base station and the backscattering device, and the base station and the backscattering device can achieve communication connection through the direct communication link. At the same time, the wireless signal sent by the base station or at least one terminal can excite the backscattering device to load the Internet of Things signal to be transmitted into the excitation signal, and send the Internet of Things signal to the base station through the excitation signal.

[0084] Optionally, the base station may be, but is not limited to, a second generation mobile communication (2G) base station, a third generation mobile communication (3G) base station, a fourth generation mobile communication (4G) base station, a fifth generation mobile communication (5G) base station, etc., a distributed base station, etc. The above-mentioned terminal may be, but is not limited to, a server, various personal computers, laptops, smartphones, tablet computers, etc. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the type of terminal, and any terminal that can implement cellular network communication functions may be used. The above-mentioned backscatter device may be an Internet of Things device with backscatter communication functions. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the type of backscatter device, and any Internet of Things device that can implement backscatter communication functions may be used. Figure 1 is an example of a terminal being a smartphone and a signal transmission system including two terminals. The following embodiments will specifically describe the specific process of the signal transmission method, and the specific process of the signal transmission method will be described with the execution subject being a base station.

[0085] FIG2 is a flow chart of a signal transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application. The method is applied to a base station and may include the following steps:

[0086] S100: When the base station does not receive an IoT signal sent by a backscatter device, determine at least one candidate relay from each terminal based on relevant information about the backscatter device and each terminal, wherein the relevant information includes at least a distance between the backscatter device and each terminal.

[0087] In some embodiments, the IoT signal may include a signal that a backscatter device in a signal transmission system needs to report to a base station, and may be an uplink signal. In practical applications, the IoT signal may include signals and / or control signaling that the base station needs to process.

[0088] In the embodiment of the present application, the IoT signal may be a low-rate IoT service signal that is periodically transmitted to the base station and is insensitive to latency. The period during which the backscatter device reports the IoT signal to the base station may be referred to as a transmission period.

[0089] The related information of the backscatter device and the terminal may include information such as the relative position, deflection angle, and number of channels between the backscatter device and the terminal. However, in the embodiment of the present application, the related information at least includes the distance between the backscatter device and each terminal.

[0090] In some implementations, the base station may obtain the location transmitted by the backscatter device and the location transmitted by each terminal, and then use a distance calculation method to calculate the distance between the backscatter device and each terminal based on the location of the backscatter device and the location of each terminal. In some implementations, the distance calculation method may be the Euclidean distance method, the Manhattan distance method, the Chebyshev distance method, the Minn distance method, and the like.

[0091] It's important to note that each terminal in the signal transmission system has a relay function, meaning it can act as a relay station for backscatter devices to send IoT signals to base stations. In practice, backscatter devices are deployed in areas with poor or blind coverage by base stations.

[0092] Specifically, during any transmission period in which IoT signals need to be reported to the base station, if the base station does not receive the IoT signal transmitted by the backscatter device, the base station may determine at least one candidate relay from all terminals in the signal transmission system based on information related to the backscatter device and each terminal. In some implementations, each terminal in the signal transmission system may serve as a candidate relay, with the specific determination being based on actual circumstances.

[0093] In one implementation, the base station can pre-train an algorithm model and input relevant information of the backscatter device and each terminal into the algorithm model. The algorithm model outputs the identifier of at least one candidate relay among all terminals, and then determines the corresponding candidate relay based on the identifier of each candidate relay.

[0094] In another implementation, the base station may also perform analysis, comparison, and / or related index calculation on the relevant information of the backscatter device and each terminal, and then determine at least one candidate relay from all terminals based on the processing results.

[0095] S200: Send a forwarding mode activation instruction to at least one candidate relay, and determine a target relay based on a response to the forwarding mode activation instruction, wherein the target relay is configured to forward IoT signals to a base station.

[0096] It should be noted here that in the process of the backscatter device transmitting the IoT signal to the base station, each terminal can turn on the forwarding mode of the IoT signal and use it as a relay. That is, after the corresponding terminal turns on the forwarding mode, it can transmit the IoT signal to the base station.

[0097] Accordingly, after determining each candidate relay, the base station may send a forwarding mode activation instruction to each candidate relay via a direct communication link in a synchronous transmission mode or an asynchronous transmission mode, so as to instruct each candidate relay to activate the forwarding mode.

[0098] The response result of the forwarding mode activation instruction may include the response speed, response time, and whether the response is successful or not.

[0099] Among them, the forwarding mode can be understood as a mode that can forward IoT signals. In the embodiment of the present application, the forwarding mode can include a receiving mode, an excitation mode, and a full mode; the receiving mode can be understood as a mode responsible for receiving the modulated signal sent by the backscattering device and demodulating the modulated signal to obtain the IoT signal; the excitation mode can be understood as a mode responsible for sending an excitation signal to the backscattering device and receiving the modulated signal sent by the backscattering device; the full mode can be understood as a mode responsible for sending an excitation signal to the backscattering device, receiving the modulated signal sent by the backscattering device, and demodulating the modulated signal to obtain the IoT signal.

[0100] In actual applications, each terminal can turn on, switch and turn off the corresponding receiving mode, excitation mode and full mode.

[0101] In an embodiment of the present application, after the base station sends a forwarding mode activation instruction to each candidate relay, the target relay can be determined based on the response of each candidate relay to the forwarding mode activation instruction. In some embodiments, the target relay can be any candidate relay, and the target relay has a higher success rate in forwarding IoT signals to the base station than other terminals.

[0102] In practical applications, using the terminal as a relay can improve the coverage of backscatter device communications and improve the utilization rate of wireless communication spectrum.

[0103] The technical solution in the embodiment of the present application is that, when the base station does not receive the IoT signal sent by the backscatter device, based on the relevant information of the backscatter device and each terminal, at least one candidate relay is determined from each terminal, a forwarding mode activation instruction is sent to the at least one candidate relay, and a target relay is determined based on the response result of the forwarding mode activation instruction, so as to forward the IoT signal to the base station through the target relay. When it is determined that the IoT signal sent by the backscatter device is not received, the method can determine a target relay with a higher success rate in sending IoT signals to the base station from all terminals, and use the target relay as reference information so that the base station can successfully receive the IoT signal transmitted by the backscatter device deployed in the base station coverage blind area or weak area as much as possible in the current or next transmission cycle. That is, in the current or next transmission cycle, the success rate of the backscatter device transmitting the IoT signal can be improved; at the same time, the method can be applied to backscatter devices deployed in the base station coverage blind area or weak area, thereby increasing the use scenarios of IoT signal transmission and improving the wide applicability of signal transmission.

[0104] In some scenarios, in order to narrow the scope of further selecting a target relay, reduce the amount of computation in the target relay selection process, and increase the speed of target relay selection, candidate relays for the target relay can be selected from all terminals first. The process of selecting candidate relays from all terminals is described below. In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, in the above S100, when the base station does not receive the IoT signal sent by the backscatter device, the step of determining at least one candidate relay from each terminal based on the relevant information of the backscatter device and each terminal can be implemented in the following manner:

[0105] S110. Obtain the number of times the base station fails to receive an IoT signal.

[0106] In some embodiments, the number of times the base station fails to receive the IoT signal can be understood as the number n of transmission cycles in which the base station fails to receive the IoT signal before the current moment, where n can be greater than or equal to 1. In some embodiments, the n transmission cycles in which the base station fails to receive the IoT signal can be n consecutive transmission cycles corresponding to the backscatter device, or n discrete transmission cycles.

[0107] In actual applications, for any transmission cycle, if the base station does not receive an IoT signal, the base station may record the number of times the IoT signal was not received by accumulating the number of times. For example, if the IoT signal was not received for the first time, the number of times may be recorded as 1; if the IoT signal was not received for the second time, the number of times may be recorded as 2 (i.e., 1+1); if the IoT signal was not received for the third time, the number of times may be recorded as 3 (i.e., 1+1+1). Other numbers are recorded similarly, and this embodiment of the application will not be further described.

[0108] S120: Determine at least one candidate relay from each terminal according to the number and related information.

[0109] Specifically, the base station can search for a number of times in a preset mapping relationship that is equal to the number of times the base station does not receive the IoT signal, and then determine the processing strategy corresponding to the number of times found in the mapping relationship as the target processing strategy. Thereafter, according to the target processing strategy, the relevant information of the backscatter device and each terminal is processed accordingly to determine at least one candidate relay from each terminal.

[0110] The mapping relationship may include different times when the base station fails to receive the IoT signal, different processing strategies, and the corresponding relationship between the two. It should be noted that different times when the base station fails to receive the IoT signal correspond to different processing strategies. Optionally, the processing strategy can be understood as the process of processing relevant information.

[0111] The technical solution in the embodiments of the present application obtains the number of times a base station fails to receive an IoT signal, and based on the number and related information, determines at least one candidate relay from each terminal. This method can accurately determine at least one candidate relay from all terminals based on the number of times the base station fails to receive an IoT signal and related information. This not only narrows the scope of further target relay selection, but also allows each accurately selected candidate relay to be used as reference information to prepare for accurate target relay selection.

[0112] The following describes the process of determining at least one candidate relay from each terminal based on the number of times and related information. In one embodiment, the steps in S120 may include: if the number is the first time, dividing the transmission period in which the IoT signal was not received into three time periods, and determining at least one candidate relay within at least one time period based on the related information. It is understood that in other embodiments, the transmission period in which the IoT signal was not received may also be divided into another number of time periods, such as two time periods or four time periods, depending on the actual situation.

[0113] In an embodiment of the present application, if the number of times the base station fails to receive an IoT signal is one (i.e., the first time), the base station may divide the transmission period during which the IoT signal is not received into three time periods. Then, according to the order of each time period, the base station may process the relevant information in at least one time period to determine at least one candidate relay. In actual applications, the relevant information processing process in each divided time period may be the same or different.

[0114] For example, if the base station does not receive the sending period of the Internet of Things signal corresponding to the time interval [0, t3], the time interval can be divided into three time periods: [0, t1], [t1, t2] and [t2, t3], where t1 is less than t2, and t2 is less than t3. Correspondingly, at least one time period can be [0, t1], or [0, t1] and [t1, t2], or [0, t1], [t1, t2] and [t2, t3], etc.

[0115] In one embodiment, the above-mentioned step of determining at least one candidate relay within at least one time period based on relevant information may include: within the first time period, sorting the distances between the backscatter device and each terminal in ascending order of distance, and selecting a first number of first candidate relays with the highest distance rankings from all terminals.

[0116] In the first time period, the at least one candidate relay may include a first number of first candidate relays.

[0117] In actual applications, the base station can determine the first time period from the three time periods according to the order of each time period after division, and then sort the distances between the backscatter device and each terminal in the first time period according to a preset distance size order, and select the first number of first candidate relays from all terminals based on the distance sorting results.

[0118] The preset distance order can be from largest to smallest or from smallest to largest. However, in the embodiment of the present application, the preset distance order is from smallest to largest. It should be noted that the distance order refers to the distance between the backscatter device and each terminal from closest to farthest.

[0119] In practical applications, the backscatter device is fixed in position, while each terminal may be a mobile terminal whose corresponding position may vary. For example, in the process of selecting a first number of first candidate relays, assuming the first number is four, the distances between the backscatter device and each terminal during a first time period are first obtained. The distances are then sorted in ascending order, and then the four first candidate relays with the highest distances are selected from all terminals. Optionally, the first number may be less than the total number of terminals in the signal transmission system.

[0120] The technical solution in the embodiment of the present application is that when the base station fails to receive the IoT signal for the first time, the transmission period of the IoT signal is divided into three time periods, and at least one candidate relay is determined in at least one time period based on relevant information; the method can determine at least one candidate relay from all terminals based on the number of times the base station fails to receive the IoT signal, using a corresponding processing process, so that the accuracy of the candidate relay finally determined is higher.

[0121] In some scenarios, when each terminal acts as a relay, it has three forwarding modes with different functions, namely, receiving mode, excitation mode, and full mode. The following describes the process of determining the target relay when the forwarding mode of each candidate relay is receiving mode. In one embodiment, the above-mentioned forwarding mode activation instruction includes a receiving mode activation instruction. As shown in Figure 4, the step of sending a forwarding mode activation instruction to at least one candidate relay in S200 and determining the target relay based on the response result of the forwarding mode activation instruction can be implemented in the following manner:

[0122] S201: Send a receiving mode activation instruction to each first candidate relay, wherein the receiving mode activation instruction is used to instruct the first candidate relay to activate the receiving mode.

[0123] The receiving mode is a mode in which a candidate relay receives a modulated signal sent by a backscatter device and demodulates the modulated signal to obtain an IoT signal. The modulated signal can be a signal obtained by the backscatter device adding the IoT signal to be transmitted to an excitation signal. The excitation signal can be a wireless signal sent by a base station or a wireless signal sent by a terminal other than the first candidate relays.

[0124] Specifically, the base station may adopt a synchronous transmission mode or an asynchronous transmission mode to send a receiving mode activation instruction to each first candidate relay through a direct communication link, so as to instruct each first candidate relay to activate the receiving mode.

[0125] S202. If an IoT signal is received within the first time period, the first candidate relay corresponding to the IoT signal first received by the base station is determined as the target relay.

[0126] In actual applications, the base station can use a timer to determine whether an IoT signal is received within the first time period. If an IoT signal is received within the first time period, the first candidate relay corresponding to the IoT signal first received by the base station is determined as the target relay.

[0127] During the first time period, each first candidate relay can send the demodulated IoT signal to the base station through a direct communication link. However, in order to reduce the memory space occupied by the base station, in some embodiments, the base station can only receive the IoT signal sent by the target relay and use the IoT signal as the signal transmitted by the backscatter device.

[0128] Due to factors such as the communication quality and distance between different first candidate relays and the base station, different first candidate relays may send IoT signals to the base station at different times. Therefore, if the base station receives an IoT signal within the first time period, the first candidate relay corresponding to the IoT signal received first by the base station may be determined as the target relay. It is understood that the base station may receive the IoT signal at any time within the first time period.

[0129] At the same time, when the IoT signal is received in the first time period, the distance and channel quality between the target relay and the backscatter device in the first time period can be stored, so that this information can be used as prior information in the process of selecting at least one candidate relay in the receiving mode when the IoT signal is not received subsequently.

[0130] The channel quality between the target relay and the backscatter device may be measured during the interaction between the target relay and the backscatter device.

[0131] In some scenarios, in order to allow the base station to receive only one IoT signal and reduce memory space, after executing the steps in S202 above, the above method may further include: sending a receiving mode off instruction to other first candidate relays other than the target relay; the receiving mode off instruction is used to instruct the first candidate relay to turn off the receiving mode.

[0132] In some embodiments, after receiving an IoT signal, the base station can send a receive mode off instruction to other first candidate relays other than the target relay that sent the IoT signal through a direct communication link to instruct other first candidate relays to turn off the receive mode.

[0133] It should be noted here that sending a receiving mode closing instruction to other first candidate relays can be understood as a process in which the base station performs packet loss processing on the IoT signals sent by other first candidate relays.

[0134] In one embodiment, after executing the step in S202 above, as shown in FIG5 , the method may further include:

[0135] S203: Send an excitation signal to the backscatter device, wherein the excitation signal is used for the backscatter device to load the IoT signal into the excitation signal to obtain a modulated signal.

[0136] In actual applications, after each first candidate relay turns on the receiving mode, in order to enable the backscatter device to successfully send the modulated signal to each first candidate relay, the base station can send an excitation signal to the backscatter device through the direct communication link at the starting time of the first time period to stimulate the backscatter device to load the Internet of Things signal to be transmitted into the excitation signal to obtain a modulated signal, and send the modulated signal to each first candidate relay.

[0137] S204. Receive the IoT signal sent by the target relay; the IoT signal is obtained by the target relay receiving and demodulating the modulated signal in the receiving mode.

[0138] In receiving mode, each candidate relay receives the modulated signal sent by the backscatter device via a reflected communication link and then demodulates the modulated signal to obtain the IoT signal to be transmitted by the backscatter device to the base station. The demodulated IoT signal is then sent to the base station via a direct communication link. It is understood that the IoT signals demodulated by each candidate relay can be identical. However, since the actual communication quality of candidate relays in different locations may vary, the IoT signals sent to the base station by each candidate relay can be identical or different.

[0139] Correspondingly, the base station can receive the IoT signal sent by the target relay through the direct communication link. In some embodiments, the target relay can be any candidate relay among the at least one candidate relay.

[0140] It should be noted here that, if the IoT signal is received within the first time period, the above signal transmission process can be terminated.

[0141] The technical solution in the embodiments of the present application sends a receive mode activation instruction to each first candidate relay, instructing each first candidate relay to activate receive mode. When an IoT signal is received within a first time period, the first candidate relay corresponding to the IoT signal first received by the base station is determined as the target relay. This method can determine a target relay with a higher success rate for transmitting IoT signals to the base station when each first candidate relay is in receive mode, and use the target relay as reference information, thereby enabling the backscatter device to improve the success rate of transmitting IoT signals during the current or next transmission cycle.

[0142] In some scenarios, due to actual communication quality, the base station may still not receive the IoT signal within the first time period. In this case, multiple candidate relays may be determined within the next time period. The process of determining multiple second candidate relays within the second time period is described below. In one embodiment, after executing the step in S201 above, the method may further include: if the IoT signal is not received within the first time period, sorting the distances between the backscatter device and each terminal in ascending order of distance, and selecting a second number of second candidate relays from all terminals with the highest distances; the second number is less than the first number.

[0143] When the base station determines that no IoT signal is received within the first time period, that is, no IoT signal is received by the end time of the first time period, the base station may sort the distances between the backscatter device and each terminal within the second time period according to a preset distance order, and select a second number of second candidate relays from all terminals based on the distance sorting results, where the second number is smaller than the first number.

[0144] In this embodiment, in the second time period, the at least one candidate relay may include a second number of second candidate relays.

[0145] It should be noted here that, for the same terminal, the distance between the backscatter device and the terminal in the first time period and the second time period may be equal or unequal, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0146] In actual applications, in the process of selecting the second number of second candidate relays, the distance between the backscatter device and each terminal in the second time period can be obtained first, and then the distances are sorted in ascending order, and then the second number of second candidate relays with the highest distance rankings are selected from all terminals.

[0147] The technical solution in the embodiment of the present application can reselect multiple second candidate relays in the second time period when no IoT signal is received in the first time period, and use the multiple second candidate relays as reference information to further accurately obtain the target relay that sends the IoT signal to the base station as successfully as possible.

[0148] The following describes the process of determining the target relay when the forwarding mode of each candidate relay is the incentive mode. In one embodiment, the forwarding mode activation instruction includes an incentive mode activation instruction. As shown in Figure 6, the step of sending the forwarding mode activation instruction to at least one candidate relay in S200 and determining the target relay based on the response result of the forwarding mode activation instruction can be implemented as follows:

[0149] S205: Determine an activation time for each second candidate relay according to the second time period and the second number.

[0150] The excitation time of the second candidate relay refers to the time when the second candidate relay sends an excitation signal to the backscatter device.

[0151] In one implementation, the base station may determine any second number of moments within the second time period, and determine the second number of moments as the activation moments for each second candidate relay.

[0152] Due to the influence of signal transmission delay, the base station may reserve a certain excitation duration for each second candidate relay within the second time period, so that after the second candidate relay sends an excitation signal to the backscatter device, the backscatter device can receive the excitation signal within the certain excitation duration. In some embodiments of the present application, the excitation durations reserved by the base station for each second candidate relay may be different, but the sum of the excitation durations preset for all second candidate relays is equal to the duration corresponding to the second time period.

[0153] In another implementation, the activation time of each second candidate relay may be determined within the second time period according to the second number and the activation duration reserved for each second candidate relay.

[0154] Taking the second time period as [t1, t2], the second number as 3, and the excitation durations reserved for the three second candidate relays in order of distance from small to large as an example, in an embodiment of the present application, the second time period, the second number and the excitation duration can satisfy the equation: t2-t1=Ts21+Ts22+Ts23, correspondingly, in order of distance from small to large, the excitation moments corresponding to the three second candidate relays can be t1+Ts21, t1+Ts21+Ts22 and t1+Ts21+Ts22+Ts23 respectively.

[0155] In other embodiments of the present application, the excitation duration reserved by the base station for each second candidate relay may be equal. If the second time period is [t1, t2], the second quantity is k2, and the excitation duration reserved for each second candidate relay is Ts2 as an example, in an embodiment of the present application, the second time period, the second quantity, and the excitation duration can satisfy the equation: t2-t1=k2×Ts2. Correspondingly, in order of distance from small to large, the excitation moments corresponding to each second candidate relay can be t1+Ts2, t1+2×Ts2, ..., t1+(k2-1)×Ts2, and t1+k2×Ts2, respectively.

[0156] S206: Send an excitation mode start instruction to each second candidate relay in ascending order of distance. The excitation mode start instruction instructs the second candidate relay to send an excitation signal to the backscatter device at the corresponding excitation time, so that the backscatter device loads the IoT signal into the excitation signal and then sends it to the second candidate relay.

[0157] Specifically, the base station can use asynchronous transmission to send excitation mode start instructions to each second candidate relay in sequence through the direct communication link in the order of distance from small to large, instructing each second candidate relay to send an excitation signal to the backscatter device at the corresponding excitation time, so that the backscatter device loads the Internet of Things signal into the excitation signal to obtain a modulated signal, and then the backscatter device sends the modulated signal to each second candidate relay through the reflected communication link.

[0158] In some implementations, the excitation mode activation instruction may carry an excitation time. Since the excitation time of each second candidate relay is different, the excitation mode activation instruction of each second candidate relay is correspondingly different.

[0159] S207. If an IoT signal is received within the second time period, the second candidate relay corresponding to the IoT signal with the strongest signal strength is determined as the target relay.

[0160] In actual applications, after each second candidate relay turns on the excitation mode, each second candidate relay can receive the modulated signal sent by the backscatter device through the reflection communication link, and then each second candidate relay can send the modulated signal to the base station through the reflection communication link. Correspondingly, the base station can select any modulated signal from the received modulated signals, demodulate it to obtain the Internet of Things signal, and determine the second candidate relay that sends the modulated signal as the target relay.

[0161] It should be noted here that, if an IoT signal is received within the second time period, the above signal transmission process can be terminated.

[0162] At the same time, when the IoT signal is received in the second time period, the distance between the target relay and the backscatter device, the channel quality and the transmission power of the excitation signal sent by the target relay to the backscatter device in the second time period can be stored, so as to use this information as prior information in the process of selecting at least one candidate relay in the excitation mode when the IoT signal is not received subsequently.

[0163] In some scenarios, in order to improve the accuracy of the IoT signal acquired by the base station in the current or next transmission cycle, the candidate relay corresponding to the IoT signal with the strongest signal strength can be determined as the target relay. The following describes the process of determining the second candidate relay corresponding to the IoT signal with the strongest signal strength as the target relay when the IoT signal is received in the second time period. In one embodiment, the steps in the above S207 may include: if the modulated signals sent by each second candidate relay are received in the second time period, each modulated signal is demodulated to obtain the corresponding IoT signal, and the second candidate relay corresponding to the IoT signal with the strongest signal strength is determined as the target relay; the modulated signal is obtained by the backscattering device modulating the IoT signal on the excitation signal sent by the second candidate relay.

[0164] Specifically, after receiving the modulated signals sent by each second candidate relay, the base station can demodulate each modulated signal to obtain the corresponding IoT signal, and then perform signal strength analysis on each IoT signal to determine the IoT signal with the strongest signal strength, and determine the second candidate relay corresponding to the IoT signal with the strongest signal strength as the target relay.

[0165] In addition, in actual applications, when receiving each modulated signal, the base station can also detect the signal strength, and then demodulate the modulated signal with the strongest signal strength to obtain the IoT signal with the strongest signal strength, and determine the second candidate relay that sends the IoT signal with the strongest signal strength as the target relay.

[0166] In an embodiment of the present application, for each modulated signal, the base station can receive the modulated signal at any time within the second time period; the receiving time of the modulated signals sent by different second candidate relays by the base station can be the same or different.

[0167] The technical solution in the embodiment of the present application determines the excitation moment of each second candidate relay based on the second time period and the second number, and sends an excitation mode start instruction to each second candidate relay in order of distance from smallest to largest. When an IoT signal is received within the second time period, the second candidate relay corresponding to the IoT signal with the strongest signal strength is determined as the target relay. This method can control each second candidate relay selected within the second time period to start the excitation mode, and when each second candidate relay is in the excitation mode, determine the target relay that sends the IoT signal with higher accuracy to the base station, and use the target relay as reference information, so that the backscatter device can improve the accuracy of the IoT signal received by the base station in the current or next transmission cycle.

[0168] In some scenarios, due to actual communication quality, the base station may still not receive the IoT signal within the second time period. In this case, multiple candidate relays may be determined within the next time period. The process of determining multiple third candidate relays within the third time period is described below. In one embodiment, after executing the step in S206 above, the method may further include: if the IoT signal is not received within the second time period, sorting the distances between the backscatter device and each terminal in ascending order of distance, and selecting a third number of third candidate relays from all terminals with the highest distances; the third number is less than the second number.

[0169] When the base station determines that no IoT signal is received within the second time period, that is, no IoT signal is received by the end time of the second time period, the base station may sort the distances between the backscatter device and each terminal within the third time period according to a preset distance order, and select a third number of third candidate relays from all terminals based on the distance sorting results, where the third number is smaller than the second number.

[0170] In this embodiment, in the third time period, the at least one candidate relay may include a third number of third candidate relays.

[0171] It should be noted here that, for the same terminal, the distances between the backscatter device and the terminal in the first time period, the second time period, and the third time period may be equal or unequal, and this embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0172] In actual applications, in the process of selecting the third number of third candidate relays, the distance between the backscatter device and each terminal in the third time period can be obtained first, and then the distances are sorted in ascending order, and then the third number of third candidate relays with the highest distance rankings are selected from all terminals.

[0173] The technical solution in the embodiment of the present application can reselect multiple third candidate relays in the third time period if no IoT signal is received in the second time period, and use the multiple third candidate relays as reference information to further accurately obtain the target relay that sends the IoT signal to the base station as successfully as possible.

[0174] The following describes the process of determining the target relay when the forwarding mode of each candidate relay is full mode. In one embodiment, the forwarding mode activation instruction includes a full mode activation instruction. As shown in Figure 7, the step of sending the forwarding mode activation instruction to at least one candidate relay in S200 and determining the target relay based on the response result of the forwarding mode activation instruction can be implemented as follows:

[0175] S208. Send a full-mode start instruction to each third candidate relay in order of distance from small to large and the reception result of the Internet of Things signal. The full-mode start instruction is used to instruct the third candidate relay to send an excitation signal to the backscatter device.

[0176] In this embodiment, the reception result of the Internet of Things signal may include whether the base station has received the Internet of Things signal.

[0177] Specifically, when the base station determines that the IoT signal is not currently received, it can determine the corresponding third candidate relay in order of distance from small to large, and send a full-mode start instruction to the corresponding third candidate relay through a direct communication link, instructing the third candidate relay to send an excitation signal to the backscatter device, so that the backscatter device loads the IoT signal into the excitation signal to obtain a modulated signal, and sends the modulated signal to the third candidate relay.

[0178] Correspondingly, the third candidate relay can demodulate the modulated signal to obtain the IoT signal, and send the IoT signal to the base station via a direct communication link. In the embodiment of the present application, the full mode activation instruction of each third candidate relay is the same.

[0179] S209. If an Internet of Things signal is received within a third time period, the third candidate relay corresponding to the Internet of Things signal received by the base station is determined as the target relay.

[0180] In actual applications, if the base station receives an IoT signal within the third time period, the current third candidate relay that sends the IoT signal can be determined as the target relay.

[0181] In an embodiment of the present application, if the base station receives the IoT signal sent by the current third candidate relay within the third time period, the base station does not need to send a full-mode activation instruction to other third candidate relays after the current third candidate relay in the distance sorting result.

[0182] Continuing with the third time period [t2, t3] as an example, if the base station does not receive the IoT signal sent by the current third candidate relay by t2+Ts3, it can send a full-mode start instruction to the next third candidate relay in order of distance from small to large; if the base station does not receive the IoT signal sent by the next third candidate relay by t2+2×Ts3, it can continue to send a full-mode start instruction to the next third candidate relay in order of distance from small to large until the base station receives the IoT signal, and stop sending the full-mode start instruction to the corresponding third candidate relay.

[0183] It should be noted here that, if an IoT signal is received within the third time period, the above signal transmission process can be terminated.

[0184] At the same time, when the IoT signal is received within the third time period, the distance between the target relay and the backscatter device, the channel quality, and the transmission power of the excitation signal sent by the target relay to the backscatter device within the third time period can be stored, so as to use this information as prior information in the process of selecting at least one candidate relay in full mode when the IoT signal is not received subsequently.

[0185] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the present application, if the base station does not receive an IoT signal within the third time period, that is, if no IoT signal is received by the end of the third time period, the base station may output an error message to remind the user that no IoT signal from the backscatter device has been received up to that point. Furthermore, after a certain interval, all of the aforementioned steps may be continued until the base station receives an IoT signal from the backscatter device.

[0186] The technical solution in the embodiment of the present application sends a full-mode start instruction to each third candidate relay in order of distance from small to large and the reception result of the IoT signal. If the IoT signal is received within the third time period, the third candidate relay corresponding to the IoT signal received by the base station is determined as the target relay. This method can control the full excitation mode of each third candidate relay selected within the third time period, and when each third candidate relay is in full mode, determine the target relay that sends the IoT signal with higher accuracy to the base station, and use the target relay as reference information so that the backscatter device can improve the accuracy of the IoT signal received by the base station in the current or next transmission cycle; in addition, when the IoT signal is not received for the first time, the method selects the candidate relay in the reception mode, excitation mode and full mode in the first time period, the second time period and the third time period respectively. Compared with directly selecting the candidate relay in full mode, it can save the energy consumption of each terminal to reduce the communication impact on each terminal.

[0187] The following describes the process of determining at least one candidate relay from each terminal based on the number of times and related information. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG8 , the steps in S120 may include:

[0188] S121. If the number is the second time, obtaining target prior information of the target terminal and the backscatter device, wherein the target terminal is a terminal that successfully sends an IoT signal to the base station in a forwarding mode during a historical transmission period in which the base station does not receive the IoT signal for the first time.

[0189] In the embodiment of the present application, if the base station does not receive the IoT signal for the second time, the base station can obtain the target prior information of the target terminal and the backscatter device. The information type of the target prior information and the information type of the related information are the same.

[0190] In the embodiment of the present application, the forwarding mode includes a receiving mode, an excitation mode, and a full mode. In different modes, the corresponding target terminals may be the same or different. However, the number of target terminals is 1.

[0191] S122: Determine a comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode according to the relevant information and target prior information.

[0192] In this embodiment, the comparison coefficient of each terminal is a parameter used to characterize each terminal's ability to forward IoT signals and can be used to evaluate and compare each terminal's ability to forward IoT signals. The specific method for determining the comparison coefficient will be described in detail in the following embodiments.

[0193] In one embodiment, the base station may pre-train an algorithm model for a terminal in forwarding mode, and then input relevant information and target prior information into the algorithm model, which outputs a comparison coefficient for each terminal in forwarding mode.

[0194] In another embodiment, the base station may further process the relevant information and target prior information according to a preset comparison coefficient calculation method to obtain the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode.

[0195] It should be noted here that the relevant information may be the information corresponding to the sending period corresponding to the second time that the base station fails to receive the Internet of Things signal.

[0196] S123. Determine at least one candidate relay according to the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode.

[0197] Specifically, based on the comparison coefficients of each terminal in the forwarding mode, the method for determining at least one candidate relay can be to sort the comparison coefficients of each terminal in the forwarding mode, and then determine at least one candidate relay based on the sorting results. It can also be to compare the comparison coefficients of each terminal in the forwarding mode, and then determine the maximum comparison coefficient, and determine at least one candidate relay based on the maximum comparison coefficient, or to determine the median comparison coefficient based on the comparison results, and determine at least one candidate relay based on the median comparison coefficient.

[0198] In an embodiment of the present application, the base station can compare the comparison coefficients of each terminal in the receiving mode, determine the minimum comparison coefficient, and determine the terminal corresponding to the minimum comparison coefficient as at least one candidate relay in the receiving mode; the base station can compare the comparison coefficients of each terminal in the excitation mode, determine the minimum comparison coefficient, and determine the terminal corresponding to the minimum comparison coefficient as at least one candidate relay in the excitation mode; the base station can compare the comparison coefficients of each terminal in the full mode, determine the minimum comparison coefficient, and determine the terminal corresponding to the minimum comparison coefficient as at least one candidate relay in the full mode.

[0199] In one embodiment, the relevant information further includes the channel quality between the backscatter device and each terminal. When the forwarding mode is the receiving mode, the target prior information includes the first distance between the target terminal and the backscatter device and the first channel quality between the target terminal and the backscatter device.

[0200] In practical applications, when the forwarding mode is the receiving mode, the target priori information includes a first distance between the target terminal and the backscatter device and a first channel quality between the target terminal and the backscatter device.

[0201] In this embodiment, the relevant information may include the channel quality between the backscatter device and each terminal during the transmission period in which the base station failed to receive the IoT signal for the second time. The first distance may be understood as the distance between the target terminal and the backscatter device when the target terminal was in receiving mode during the historical transmission period; and the first channel quality may be understood as the channel quality between the target terminal and the backscatter device when the target terminal was in receiving mode during the historical transmission period.

[0202] Correspondingly, the base station can determine the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the receiving mode based on the relevant information and the target prior information of each terminal in the receiving mode. The comparison coefficient A1 of the terminal in the receiving mode can be expressed by formula (1):

[0203] In formula (1), d u Indicates the distance between the backscatter device and the terminal in the receiving mode, d us Indicates the first distance between the backscatter device and the target terminal in the receiving mode, h u Indicates the channel quality between the backscatter device and the terminal in the receiving mode, h us Indicates the first channel quality between the backscatter device and the target terminal in the receiving mode, represents the distance weight factor in the receiving mode, and γ1 represents the channel quality weight factor in the receiving mode.

[0204] In the embodiment of the present application, the channel quality between the backscatter device and the terminal can be understood as the channel quality between the base station and the terminal. Both the distance weight factor and the channel quality weight factor can be determined based on the actual wireless channel quality.

[0205] In one embodiment, the relevant information also includes the channel quality between the backscatter device and each terminal, and the transmission power of the excitation signal sent by each terminal; when the forwarding mode is the excitation mode or the full mode, the target prior information includes the second distance between the target terminal and the backscatter device, the second channel quality between the target terminal and the backscatter device, and the transmission power of the excitation signal sent by the target terminal.

[0206] In practical applications, when the forwarding mode is excitation mode or full mode, the target prior information includes the second distance between the target terminal and the backscatter device, the second channel quality between the target terminal and the backscatter device, and the transmission power of the excitation signal transmitted by the target terminal to the backscatter device.

[0207] In this embodiment, the relevant information may include the channel quality between the backscatter device and each terminal during the second transmission period in which the base station fails to receive an IoT signal, and the transmit power used by each terminal to transmit an excitation signal to the backscatter device. The second distance may be understood as the distance between the target terminal and the backscatter device during the historical transmission period when the target terminal was in excitation mode or full mode; the second channel quality may be understood as the channel quality between the target terminal and the backscatter device during the historical transmission period when the target terminal was in excitation mode or full mode; and the transmit power may be understood as the transmit power used by the target terminal to transmit an excitation signal to the backscatter device during the historical transmission period when the target terminal was in excitation mode or full mode.

[0208] Correspondingly, the base station can determine the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the excitation mode based on the relevant information and the target prior information of each terminal in the excitation mode. The comparison coefficient A2 of the terminal in the excitation mode can be expressed by formula (2):

[0209] In formula (2), d u Indicates the distance between the backscatter device and the terminal in the excitation mode, d us Indicates the second distance between the backscatter device and the target terminal in the excitation mode, P u Indicates the transmission power of the excitation signal sent by the terminal to the backscatter device in the excitation mode, P us Indicates the transmission power of the excitation signal sent by the target terminal to the backscatter device in the excitation mode, h u Indicates the channel quality between the backscatter device and the terminal in the excitation mode, h us Indicates the second channel quality between the backscatter device and the target terminal in the excitation mode, represents the distance weight factor in the excitation mode, β2 represents the transmit power weight factor in the excitation mode, and γ2 represents the channel quality weight factor in the excitation mode.

[0210] In practical applications, the transmission power of the excitation signal is reported by the terminal to the base station. In the embodiment of the present application, the transmission power weight factor can also be determined according to the actual wireless channel quality.

[0211] At the same time, the base station can also determine the comparison coefficient of each terminal in full mode based on the relevant information and the target prior information of each terminal in full mode. Among them, the comparison coefficient A3 of the terminal in full mode can be expressed by formula (3):

[0212] In formula (3), d u Indicates the distance between the backscatter device and the terminal in full mode, d usIndicates the second distance between the backscatter device and the target terminal in full mode, P u Indicates the transmission power of the excitation signal transmitted by the terminal to the backscatter device in full mode, P us Indicates the transmission power of the excitation signal transmitted by the target terminal to the backscatter device in full mode, h u Indicates the channel quality between the backscatter device and the terminal in full mode, h us Indicates the second channel quality between the backscatter device and the target terminal in full mode, represents the distance weight factor in full mode, β3 represents the transmit power weight factor in full mode, and γ3 represents the channel quality weight factor in full mode.

[0213] In actual applications, if the base station does not receive an IoT signal in full mode, the base station may output an error message to remind the user that no IoT signal from the backscatter device has been received at the current moment. At the same time, the steps in S121 may be continued after a period of time until the base station receives an IoT signal.

[0214] In an embodiment of the present application, if the base station does not receive the IoT signal for the first time, after executing the corresponding steps in the receiving mode within the first time period and the corresponding steps in the excitation mode within the second time period, the base station successfully receives the IoT signal. Then, when the base station does not receive the IoT signal for the second time, it can execute the corresponding steps in the receiving mode and the excitation mode when the IoT signal is not received for the second time. If the IoT signal is still not received after the steps corresponding to the receiving mode and the excitation mode, the corresponding steps in the full mode when the IoT signal is not received for the first time are executed.

[0215] The technical solution in the embodiment of the present application is to obtain target prior information of the target terminal and the backscatter device when the base station fails to receive the IoT signal for the second time, determine the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode based on the relevant information and the target prior information, and determine at least one candidate relay based on the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode. This method can determine at least one candidate relay from all terminals using a corresponding processing process based on the number of times the base station fails to receive the IoT signal, thereby making the accuracy of the candidate relay finally determined higher; at the same time, when the base station fails to receive the IoT signal for the second time, the method can select at least one candidate relay by determining the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode. This process is simpler than the candidate relay selection method used when the IoT signal is not received for the first time, thereby saving candidate relay selection time and improving the speed of candidate relay selection.

[0216] In some scenarios, the number of times the base station fails to receive an IoT signal may be greater than or equal to 3. In this case, a similar method of calculating the comparison coefficient may be used to select at least one candidate relay. The following describes the process of selecting at least one candidate relay in this case. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG9 , the step of determining at least one candidate relay from each terminal based on the number of times and related information in S120 may include:

[0217] S124. If the number of times is greater than or equal to the third time, obtain the prior information of each target terminal and the backscatter device; each target terminal is a terminal that successfully sends an Internet of Things signal to the base station in the forwarding mode within each historical sending period.

[0218] In this embodiment, the aforementioned target terminals are terminals that successfully transmitted IoT signals to the base station in forwarding mode during each historical transmission period in which the base station did not receive IoT signals. Each time the base station fails to receive IoT signals, the corresponding target terminals may be the same or different.

[0219] In an embodiment of the present application, if the base station fails to receive an IoT signal for a third time or more, the base station may obtain prior information about the target terminal and the backscatter device corresponding to each historical transmission period in which the IoT signal was not received. The prior information and the related information are of the same type.

[0220] S124: Determine a comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode according to the relevant information and the prior information.

[0221] In one implementation, the base station may pre-train an algorithm model for a terminal in forwarding mode, and then input relevant information and various prior information into the algorithm model, which outputs a comparison coefficient of each terminal in forwarding mode.

[0222] In another embodiment, the base station may further process the relevant information and various prior information according to a preset comparison coefficient calculation method to obtain the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode.

[0223] In some scenarios, in order to improve the accuracy of the determined comparison coefficient and accurately select candidate relays, the prior information of each transmission cycle corresponding to each time when the IoT signal was not received before the current time can be averaged to use as the target prior information to determine the comparison coefficient. The process of determining the comparison coefficient is described below. In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 10, the step of determining the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode based on the relevant information and the prior information in the above S124 may include:

[0224] S1241. Obtain the average value of each prior information.

[0225] Specifically, the base station may average the prior information in the reception mode, the excitation mode, and the full mode respectively to obtain the average value of each prior information in the reception mode, the excitation mode, and the full mode.

[0226] If the prior information is the distance between the target terminal and the backscattering device, then the average value d of each prior information is US It can be expressed by formula (4):

[0227] In formula (4), d ij Indicates the distance between the target terminal and the backscatter device during the j-th transmission period before the current time when the IoT signal was not received, and j is greater than 1.

[0228] If the prior information is the channel quality between the target terminal and the backscattering device, then the average value of each prior information h US It can be expressed by formula (5):

[0229] In formula (5), h ij Indicates the channel quality between the target terminal and the backscatter device during the j-th transmission period before the current time when the IoT signal was not received.

[0230] If the prior information is the transmission power of the excitation signal sent by the target terminal to the backscattering device, then the average value P of each prior information is US It can be expressed by formula (6):

[0231] Among them, in formula (6), P ij Indicates the transmission power of the excitation signal sent by the corresponding target terminal to the backscatter device during the transmission period corresponding to the jth time when the IoT signal was not received before the current time.

[0232] S1242: Determine a comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode according to an average value of each prior information and related information.

[0233] Among them, in the receiving mode, the above formula (1) can be used to take the average value of each prior information in the receiving mode as the target prior information, and the relevant information and target prior information in the sending period corresponding to the failure to receive the IoT signal are substituted into the formula (1) to obtain the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the receiving mode.

[0234] In the incentive mode, the above formula (2) can be used to take the average value of each prior information in the incentive mode as the target prior information, and the relevant information and target prior information in the sending period corresponding to the failure to receive the IoT signal are substituted into formula (2) to obtain the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the incentive mode.

[0235] In addition, in the full mode, the above formula (3) can be used to take the average value of each prior information in the full mode as the target prior information, and the relevant information and target prior information in the sending period corresponding to the failure to receive the IoT signal are substituted into formula (3) to obtain the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the full mode.

[0236] S125. Determine at least one candidate relay according to the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode.

[0237] Furthermore, based on the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode obtained in the previous step, at least one candidate relay is determined.

[0238] It should be noted here that when the number of times the base station fails to receive the IoT signal is greater than or equal to 3, at least one candidate relay determined may be the target relay.

[0239] The technical solution in the embodiment of the present application obtains prior information about each target terminal and the backscatter device when the base station fails to receive an IoT signal for a third time or more, determines the comparison coefficient of each terminal in forwarding mode based on the relevant information and the prior information, and determines at least one candidate relay based on the comparison coefficient of each terminal in forwarding mode. This method can determine at least one candidate relay from all terminals using a corresponding processing process based on the number of times the base station fails to receive an IoT signal, thereby increasing the accuracy of the candidate relay ultimately determined. At the same time, this method can determine the comparison coefficient of each terminal in forwarding mode based on the prior information within each transmission cycle corresponding to each failure to receive an IoT signal before the current one, thereby improving the accuracy of the comparison coefficient.

[0240] In one embodiment, the present application further provides a signal transmission method, which is applied to a base station. The method includes the following process:

[0241] (1) Obtain the number of times the base station fails to receive IoT signals.

[0242] (2) According to the number of times the base station fails to receive the IoT signal and related information, at least one candidate relay is determined from each terminal, a forwarding mode activation instruction is sent to the at least one candidate relay, and a target relay is determined based on a response result of the forwarding mode activation instruction.

[0243] Wherein, step (2) can be implemented by one of the following methods:

[0244] The first method includes:

[0245] (21) If the number of times that the base station fails to receive the IoT signal is the first time, the transmission period in which the IoT signal is not received is divided into three time periods;

[0246] (22) In the first time period, sort the distances between the backscatter device and each terminal in ascending order, and select the first number of first candidate relays with the highest distances from all terminals;

[0247] (23) sending a receiving mode start instruction to each first candidate relay; the receiving mode start instruction is used to instruct the first candidate relay to start the receiving mode;

[0248] (24) sending an excitation signal to the backscattering device; the excitation signal is used for the backscattering device to load the Internet of Things signal into the excitation signal to obtain a modulated signal;

[0249] (25) receiving an IoT signal sent by the target relay; the IoT signal is obtained by the target relay receiving and demodulating the modulated signal in the receiving mode;

[0250] (26) If an IoT signal is received within the first time period, determining the first candidate relay corresponding to the IoT signal first received by the base station as the target relay; and sending a receiving mode off instruction to other first candidate relays other than the target relay; the receiving mode off instruction is used to instruct the first candidate relay to turn off the receiving mode;

[0251] (27) If the IoT signal is not received within the first time period, sort the distances between the backscatter device and each terminal in ascending order, and select a second number of second candidate relays with the highest distances from all terminals; the second number is less than the first number; (28) determine the activation time of each second candidate relay based on the second time period and the second number;

[0252] (29) sending an excitation mode start instruction to each second candidate relay in ascending order of distance; the excitation mode start instruction is used to instruct the second candidate relay to send an excitation signal to the backscatter device at the corresponding excitation time, so that the backscatter device loads the Internet of Things signal into the excitation signal and then sends it to the second candidate relay;

[0253] (30) If the modulated signals sent by the second candidate relays are received within the second time period, each modulated signal is demodulated to obtain the corresponding IoT signal, and the second candidate relay corresponding to the IoT signal with the strongest signal strength is determined as the target relay; the modulated signal is obtained by the backscatter device modulating the IoT signal onto the excitation signal sent by the second candidate relay;

[0254] (31) If no IoT signal is received within the second time period, the distances between the backscatter device and each terminal are sorted in ascending order, and the third number of third candidate relays with the highest distances are selected from all terminals; the third number is less than the second number;

[0255] (32) sending a full-mode start instruction to each third candidate relay in order of distance from small to large and the reception result of the Internet of Things signal; the full-mode start instruction is used to instruct the third candidate relay to send an excitation signal to the backscatter device;

[0256] (33) If an IoT signal is received within the third time period, the third candidate relay corresponding to the IoT signal received by the base station is determined as the target relay.

[0257] The second method includes:

[0258] (34) If the number of times the base station fails to receive the IoT signal is the second time, then the target prior information of the target terminal and the backscattering device is obtained; the target terminal is the terminal that successfully sends the IoT signal to the base station in the forwarding mode during the historical transmission period in which the base station fails to receive the IoT signal for the first time;

[0259] (35) Determine the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode based on the relevant information and the target prior information;

[0260] The relevant information also includes the channel quality between the backscatter device and each terminal; when the forwarding mode is the receiving mode, the target prior information includes the first distance between the target terminal and the backscatter device and the first channel quality between the target terminal and the backscatter device;

[0261] The relevant information also includes the channel quality between the backscatter device and each terminal, and the transmit power of the excitation signal sent by each terminal; when the forwarding mode is the excitation mode or the full mode, the target prior information includes the second distance between the target terminal and the backscatter device, the second channel quality between the target terminal and the backscatter device, and the transmit power of the excitation signal sent by the target terminal;

[0262] (36) Determine at least one candidate relay based on the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode.

[0263] The third way:

[0264] (37) If the number of times the base station fails to receive the IoT signal is greater than or equal to the third time, then the prior information of each target terminal and the backscattering device is obtained; each target terminal is a terminal that successfully sends the IoT signal to the base station in the forwarding mode within each historical transmission period;

[0265] (38) Obtaining the average value of each prior information;

[0266] (39) Determine the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode according to the average value of each prior information and related information;

[0267] (40) Determine at least one candidate relay based on the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode.

[0268] The execution process of (1) to (2) above can be specifically referred to the description of the above embodiment. The implementation principles and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0269] It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowcharts of the above embodiments are shown in sequence as indicated by the arrows, these steps are not necessarily performed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and these steps can be performed in other orders. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in the flowcharts of the above embodiments may include multiple steps or multiple stages, and these steps or stages are not necessarily performed at the same time, but can be performed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily to be performed in sequence, but can be performed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of steps or stages in other steps.

[0270] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides a signal transmission device for implementing the aforementioned signal transmission method. The solution provided by this device is similar to the solution described in the aforementioned method. Therefore, the specific limitations of one or more signal transmission device embodiments provided below can be found in the above-mentioned limitations of the signal transmission method and will not be repeated here.

[0271] In one embodiment, FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a signal transmission device in an embodiment of the present application. The signal transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to a base station. As shown in FIG11 , the signal transmission device in the embodiment of the present application can include: a candidate relay determination module 11 and a target relay determination module 12, wherein:

[0272] The candidate relay determination module 11 is configured to determine at least one candidate relay from each terminal based on relevant information of the backscatter device and each terminal when the base station does not receive the IoT signal sent by the backscatter device; the relevant information includes at least the distance between the backscatter device and each terminal;

[0273] The target relay determination module 12 is used to send a forwarding mode activation instruction to at least one candidate relay and determine the target relay based on the response result of the forwarding mode activation instruction; the target relay is used to forward the Internet of Things signal to the base station.

[0274] The signal transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used to execute the technical solution in the above-mentioned signal transmission method embodiment of the present application. Its implementation principle and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0275] In one embodiment, the candidate relay determination module 11 includes: a number acquisition unit and a candidate relay determination unit, wherein:

[0276] A times acquisition unit, used to acquire the number of times the base station fails to receive the IoT signal;

[0277] The candidate relay determining unit is configured to determine at least one candidate relay from each terminal according to the number of times and related information.

[0278] The signal transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used to execute the technical solution in the above-mentioned signal transmission method embodiment of the present application. Its implementation principle and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0279] In one embodiment, the candidate relay determination unit includes: a first determination subunit, wherein:

[0280] The first determining subunit is configured to divide the sending period in which the IoT signal is not received into three time periods when the number of times is the first time, and determine at least one candidate relay in at least one time period based on relevant information.

[0281] The signal transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used to execute the technical solution in the above-mentioned signal transmission method embodiment of the present application. Its implementation principle and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0282] In one embodiment, the first determining subunit includes: a first sorting subunit, wherein:

[0283] The first sorting subunit is configured to sort the distances between the backscatter device and each terminal in ascending order within a first time period, and select a first number of first candidate relays with top distance rankings from all terminals.

[0284] The signal transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used to execute the technical solution in the above-mentioned signal transmission method embodiment of the present application. Its implementation principle and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0285] In one embodiment, the forwarding mode activation instruction includes a receiving mode activation instruction; the target relay determination module 12 includes: a first instruction sending unit and a first determination unit, wherein:

[0286] A first instruction sending unit is used to send a receiving mode start instruction to each first candidate relay; the receiving mode start instruction is used to instruct the first candidate relay to start the receiving mode;

[0287] The first determining unit is configured to determine, when receiving an Internet of Things signal within a first time period, a first candidate relay corresponding to the Internet of Things signal first received by the base station as a target relay.

[0288] The signal transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used to execute the technical solution in the above-mentioned signal transmission method embodiment of the present application. Its implementation principle and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0289] In one embodiment, the target relay determination module 12 further includes an excitation signal sending unit and a receiving unit, wherein:

[0290] An excitation signal sending unit is used to send an excitation signal to the backscattering device; the excitation signal is used for the backscattering device to load the Internet of Things signal into the excitation signal to obtain a modulated signal;

[0291] The receiving unit is used to receive the IoT signal sent by the target relay; the IoT signal is obtained by the target relay receiving and demodulating the modulated signal in the receiving mode.

[0292] The signal transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used to execute the technical solution in the above-mentioned signal transmission method embodiment of the present application. Its implementation principle and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0293] In one embodiment, the target relay determination module 12 further includes: a second instruction sending unit, wherein:

[0294] The second instruction sending unit is used to send a receiving mode off instruction to other first candidate relays except the target relay; the receiving mode off instruction is used to instruct the first candidate relay to turn off the receiving mode.

[0295] The signal transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used to execute the technical solution in the above-mentioned signal transmission method embodiment of the present application. Its implementation principle and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0296] In one embodiment, the candidate relay determination unit further includes: a second ranking subunit, wherein

[0297] The second sorting subunit is used to sort the distances between the backscatter device and each terminal in ascending order when no IoT signal is received within the first time period, and select a second number of second candidate relays with higher distance rankings from all terminals; the second number is less than the first number.

[0298] The signal transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used to execute the technical solution in the above-mentioned signal transmission method embodiment of the present application. Its implementation principle and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0299] In one embodiment, the forwarding mode activation instruction includes an excitation mode activation instruction; the target relay determination module 12 includes: an excitation time determination unit, a third instruction sending unit, and a second determination unit, wherein:

[0300] an activation moment determination unit, configured to determine an activation moment for each second candidate relay according to the second time period and the second quantity;

[0301] The third instruction sending unit is configured to send an excitation mode start instruction to each second candidate relay in ascending order of distance; the excitation mode start instruction is configured to instruct the second candidate relay to send an excitation signal to the backscatter device at a corresponding excitation time, so that the backscatter device loads the Internet of Things signal into the excitation signal and then sends it to the second candidate relay;

[0302] The second determining unit is configured to determine, when receiving an IoT signal within a second time period, a second candidate relay corresponding to the IoT signal with the strongest signal strength as a target relay.

[0303] The signal transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used to execute the technical solution in the above-mentioned signal transmission method embodiment of the present application. Its implementation principle and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0304] In one embodiment, the second determining unit is specifically configured to:

[0305] When the modulated signals sent by each second candidate relay are received in the second time period, each modulated signal is demodulated to obtain the corresponding Internet of Things signal, and the second candidate relay corresponding to the Internet of Things signal with the strongest signal strength is determined as the target relay; the modulated signal is obtained by the backscatter device modulating the Internet of Things signal on the excitation signal sent by the second candidate relay.

[0306] The signal transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used to execute the technical solution in the above-mentioned signal transmission method embodiment of the present application. Its implementation principle and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0307] In one embodiment, the target relay determination module 12 further includes a sorting unit, wherein:

[0308] The sorting unit is used to sort the distances between the backscatter device and each terminal in ascending order when no IoT signal is received within the second time period, and select a third number of third candidate relays with the highest distance rankings from all terminals; the third number is less than the second number.

[0309] The signal transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used to execute the technical solution in the above-mentioned signal transmission method embodiment of the present application. Its implementation principle and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0310] In one embodiment, the forwarding mode activation instruction includes a full mode activation instruction; the target relay determination module 12 includes: a fourth instruction sending unit and a third determination unit, wherein:

[0311] a fourth instruction sending unit, configured to send a full-mode start instruction to each third candidate relay in ascending order of distance and a result of receiving the IoT signal; the full-mode start instruction is used to instruct the third candidate relay to send an excitation signal to the backscatter device;

[0312] The third determining unit is configured to determine, when receiving an Internet of Things signal within a third time period, a third candidate relay corresponding to the Internet of Things signal received by the base station as a target relay.

[0313] The signal transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used to execute the technical solution in the above-mentioned signal transmission method embodiment of the present application. Its implementation principle and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0314] In one embodiment, the candidate relay determination unit includes: a first information acquisition subunit, a second determination subunit, and a third determination subunit, wherein:

[0315] The first information acquisition subunit is configured to acquire target prior information of the target terminal and the backscatter device when the base station fails to receive the IoT signal for the second time; the target terminal is a terminal that successfully sends an IoT signal to the base station in a forwarding mode during a historical transmission period in which the base station fails to receive the IoT signal for the first time;

[0316] A second determining subunit is configured to determine a comparison coefficient of each terminal in a forwarding mode based on the relevant information and target prior information;

[0317] A third determining subunit is configured to determine at least one candidate relay according to a comparison coefficient of each terminal in a forwarding mode;

[0318] The relevant information also includes the channel quality between the backscatter device and each terminal; when the forwarding mode is the receiving mode, the target prior information includes the first distance between the target terminal and the backscatter device and the first channel quality between the target terminal and the backscatter device;

[0319] The relevant information also includes the channel quality between the backscatter device and each terminal, and the transmission power of the excitation signal sent by each terminal; when the forwarding mode is the excitation mode or the full mode, the target prior information includes the second distance between the target terminal and the backscatter device, the second channel quality between the target terminal and the backscatter device, and the transmission power of the excitation signal sent by the target terminal.

[0320] The signal transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used to execute the technical solution in the above-mentioned signal transmission method embodiment of the present application. Its implementation principle and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0321] In one embodiment, the candidate relay determination unit includes: a second information acquisition subunit, a fourth determination subunit, and a fifth determination subunit, wherein:

[0322] The second information acquisition subunit is configured to acquire prior information of each target terminal and the backscatter device when the base station fails to receive the IoT signal for a third time or more; each target terminal is a terminal that successfully sends an IoT signal to the base station in a forwarding mode within each historical transmission period;

[0323] a fourth determining subunit, configured to determine a comparison coefficient of each terminal in a forwarding mode based on the relevant information and the prior information;

[0324] The fifth determining subunit is configured to determine at least one candidate relay according to a comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode.

[0325] The signal transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used to execute the technical solution in the above-mentioned signal transmission method embodiment of the present application. Its implementation principle and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0326] In one embodiment, the fourth determining subunit is specifically configured to:

[0327] Get the average value of each prior information;

[0328] According to the average value of each prior information and related information, the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode is determined.

[0329] The signal transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used to execute the technical solution in the above-mentioned signal transmission method embodiment of the present application. Its implementation principle and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0330] For the specific definition of the signal transmission device, please refer to the definition of the signal transmission method above and will not be repeated here. Each module in the above-mentioned signal transmission device can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, or a combination thereof. Each of the above-mentioned modules can be embedded in or independent of the processor in the computer device in the form of hardware, or can be stored in the memory of the computer device in the form of software so that the processor can call and execute the operations corresponding to each of the above modules.

[0331] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, see Figure 12. Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the computer device provided in the embodiment of the present application. In some embodiments, the computer device can be a terminal configured with a reflection communication function in a signal transmission system. The computer device shown in Figure 12 includes: a transceiver, at least one processor, a memory and at least one network interface. The various components in the computer device are coupled together through a bus system. It can be understood that the bus system is used to achieve connection and communication between these components. In addition to the data bus, the bus system also includes a power bus, a control bus and a status signal bus. However, for the sake of clarity, various buses are labeled as bus systems in Figure 12. Among them, the transceiver in the embodiment of the present application can be a plurality of elements, that is, including a transmitter and a receiver, providing a unit for communicating with various other devices on a transmission medium.

[0332] It is understood that the memory in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDRSDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct RAM bus random access memory (DRRAM). The memory of the systems and methods described in the embodiments of the present application is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0333] In some embodiments, the memory stores the following elements, executable modules or data structures, or other subsets, or other extended sets: operating system and application programs.

[0334] The operating system includes various system programs, such as the framework layer, core library layer, and driver layer, which are used to implement various basic services and handle hardware-based tasks. The application program includes various application programs, such as media players and browsers, which are used to implement various application services. The program that implements the method of the embodiment of the present application can be included in the application program.

[0335] In the embodiment of the present application, the program or instruction stored in the memory is called, specifically, the program or instruction stored in the application.

[0336] Some or all of the methods disclosed in the above embodiments of the present application can be applied to a processor, or implemented by a processor, or implemented by a processor in conjunction with other components (such as a transceiver). The processor may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by hardware integrated logic circuits in the processor or by software instructions. The above processor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. The various methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented or executed. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be directly implemented as being executed by a hardware decoding processor, or can be executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module can be located in a storage medium mature in the art, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, etc. The storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.

[0337] It is understood that the embodiments described in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, or a combination thereof. For hardware implementation, the processing unit can be implemented in one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), general-purpose processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, other electronic units for performing the functions described in the present application, or a combination thereof.

[0338] For software implementation, the techniques in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented by modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the functions described in the embodiments of the present application. The software code can be stored in a memory and executed by a processor. The memory can be implemented in the processor or external to the processor.

[0339] Those skilled in the art will understand that the structure shown in FIG12 is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the solution of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the solution of the present application is applied. The specific computer device may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.

[0340] In one embodiment, a computer device is further provided, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the steps of the method in any of the above embodiments when executing the computer program.

[0341] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method in any of the above embodiments are implemented.

[0342] In one embodiment, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program, which implements the steps of the method in any of the above embodiments when executed by a processor.

[0343] The signal transmission method, apparatus, computer device, readable storage medium and product provided by the embodiments of the present application include: when a base station does not receive an IoT signal sent by a backscatter device, determining at least one candidate relay from each terminal based on relevant information of the backscatter device and each terminal, sending a forwarding mode activation instruction to the at least one candidate relay, and determining a target relay based on the response result of the forwarding mode activation instruction to forward the IoT signal to the base station. When the above method determines that the IoT signal sent by the backscatter device has not been received, the target relay with a higher success rate in sending IoT signals to the base station can be determined from all terminals, and the target relay can be used as reference information to enable the backscatter device to successfully receive the IoT signal transmitted by the backscatter device deployed in a blind area or weak area of ​​the base station coverage as much as possible in the current or next transmission cycle. That is, in the current or next transmission cycle, the success rate of the backscatter device transmitting the IoT signal can be improved; at the same time, the method can be applicable to backscatter devices deployed in a blind area or weak area of ​​the base station coverage, thereby increasing the use scenarios of IoT signal transmission and improving the wide applicability of signal transmission.

[0344] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0345] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art could make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present patent application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A signal transmission method, the method comprising: In the case where the base station does not receive the Internet of Things signal sent by the backscatter device, determining at least one candidate relay from each of the terminals according to relevant information of the backscatter device and each terminal; the relevant information at least includes the distance between the backscatter device and each terminal; A forwarding mode activation instruction is sent to the at least one candidate relay, and a target relay is determined based on a response result of the forwarding mode activation instruction; the target relay is used to forward the Internet of Things signal to the base station.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The method of determining at least one candidate relay from each of the terminals according to relevant information of the backscatter device and each terminal when the base station does not receive the Internet of Things signal sent by the backscatter device comprises: Obtain the number of times the base station fails to receive the IoT signal; According to the number and the relevant information, the at least one candidate relay is determined from each of the terminals.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The determining, according to the number of times and the relevant information, the at least one candidate relay from each of the terminals includes: If the number of times is the first time, the sending period in which the IoT signal is not received is divided into three time periods, and the at least one candidate relay is determined within at least one time period according to the relevant information.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein: The determining, according to the relevant information, the at least one candidate relay within at least one time period includes: In a first time period, the distances between the backscatter device and each of the terminals are sorted in ascending order, and a first number of first candidate relays with top distances are selected from all the terminals.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein: The forwarding mode on instruction includes receiving a mode on instruction; the sending of the forwarding mode on instruction to the at least one candidate relay, and determining a target relay based on a response result of the forwarding mode on instruction, includes: Sending a receiving mode start instruction to each of the first candidate relays; the receiving mode start instruction is used to instruct the first candidate relay to start the receiving mode; If the Internet of Things signal is received within the first time period, the first candidate relay corresponding to the Internet of Things signal first received by the base station is determined as the target relay.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein: The method further comprises: Sending an excitation signal to the backscattering device; the excitation signal is used by the backscattering device to load the Internet of Things signal into the excitation signal to obtain a modulated signal; Receive the Internet of Things signal sent by the target relay; the Internet of Things signal is obtained by the target relay receiving and demodulating the modulated signal in the receiving mode.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The method further comprises: A receiving mode off instruction is sent to other first candidate relays other than the target relay; the receiving mode off instruction is used to instruct the first candidate relay to turn off the receiving mode.

8. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein: The method further comprises: If no IoT signal is received within the first time period, the distances between the backscatter device and each of the terminals are sorted in ascending order, and a second number of second candidate relays with top distance rankings are selected from all terminals; the second number is smaller than the first number.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein: The forwarding mode on instruction includes an excitation mode on instruction, and the sending of the forwarding mode on instruction to the at least one candidate relay and determining the target relay based on a response result of the forwarding mode on instruction includes: Determine an activation time of each of the second candidate relays according to the second time period and the second number; The excitation mode start instruction is sent to each of the second candidate relays in order of distance from small to large; the excitation mode start instruction is used to instruct the second candidate relay to send an excitation signal to the backscatter device at the corresponding excitation time, so that the backscatter device adds the Internet of Things signal to the excitation signal and then sends it to the second candidate relay; If the IoT signal is received within the second time period, the IoT signal with the strongest signal strength corresponding to the second period The selected relay is determined as the target relay.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein: If the IoT signal is received within the second time period, determining the second candidate relay corresponding to the IoT signal with the strongest signal strength as the target relay includes: If the modulated signals sent by each of the second candidate relays are received within the second time period, each modulated signal is demodulated to obtain the corresponding Internet of Things signal, and the second candidate relay corresponding to the Internet of Things signal with the strongest signal strength is determined as the target relay; the modulated signal is obtained by the backscatter device modulating the Internet of Things signal on the excitation signal sent by the second candidate relay.

11. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The method further comprises: If no IoT signal is received within the second time period, the distances between the backscatter device and each of the terminals are sorted in ascending order, and a third number of third candidate relays with top distance rankings are selected from all terminals; the third number is less than the second number.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein: The forwarding mode on instruction includes a full mode on instruction, and the sending of the forwarding mode on instruction to the at least one candidate relay and determining the target relay based on a response result of the forwarding mode on instruction includes: Sending the full-mode start instruction to each third candidate relay in sequence according to the distance from small to large and the reception result of the Internet of Things signal; the full-mode start instruction is used to instruct the third candidate relay to send an excitation signal to the backscattering device; If the Internet of Things signal is received within a third time period, the third candidate relay corresponding to the Internet of Things signal received by the base station is determined as the target relay.

13. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 12, wherein: The determining, according to the number of times and the relevant information, the at least one candidate relay from each of the terminals includes: If the number is the second time, obtaining target a priori information of the target terminal and the backscattering device; the target terminal is a terminal that successfully sends an Internet of Things signal to the base station in a forwarding mode within a historical sending period in which the base station does not receive the Internet of Things signal for the first time; Determining, according to the relevant information and the target a priori information, a comparison coefficient of each of the terminals in the forwarding mode; The at least one candidate relay is determined according to the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein: The relevant information also includes the channel quality between the backscatter device and each of the terminals; When the forwarding mode is the receiving mode, the target a priori information includes a first distance between the target terminal and the backscatter device and a first channel quality between the target terminal and the backscatter device.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein: According to the relevant information and the target a priori information, the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the receiving mode is determined based on the following formula: Among them, d u represents the distance between the backscatter device and the terminal in the receiving mode, d us represents the first distance between the backscatter device and the target terminal in the receiving mode, h u represents the channel quality between the backscatter device and the terminal in the receiving mode, h us represents a first channel quality between the backscatter device and the target terminal in the receiving mode, represents the distance weight factor in the receiving mode, and γ1 represents the channel quality weight factor in the receiving mode.

16. The method according to claim 13, wherein: The relevant information also includes the channel quality between the backscatter device and each of the terminals, and the transmission power of the excitation signal sent by each of the terminals; When the forwarding mode is the excitation mode or the full mode, the target prior information includes a second distance between the target terminal and the backscatter device, a second channel quality between the target terminal and the backscatter device, and a transmission power of the target terminal for transmitting the excitation signal.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein: According to the relevant information and the target prior information, the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the incentive mode is determined based on the following formula: Among them, d u represents the distance between the backscatter device and the terminal in the excitation mode, d us Indicates the incentive mode A second distance, P, between the backscatter device and the target terminal u represents the transmission power of the excitation signal transmitted by the terminal to the backscattering device in the excitation mode, P us represents the transmission power of the excitation signal transmitted by the target terminal to the backscattering device in the excitation mode, h u represents the channel quality between the backscatter device and the terminal in the excitation mode, h us represents a second channel quality between the backscatter device and the target terminal in the excitation mode, represents the distance weight factor under the excitation mode, β2 represents the transmission power weight factor under the excitation mode, and γ2 represents the channel quality weight factor under the excitation mode.

18. The method according to claim 16, wherein: According to the relevant information and the target prior information, the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the full mode is determined based on the following formula: Among them, d u represents the distance between the backscatter device and the terminal in the full mode, d us represents the second distance between the backscatter device and the target terminal in the full mode, P u represents the transmission power of the excitation signal transmitted by the terminal to the backscattering device in the full mode, P us represents the transmission power of the excitation signal transmitted by the target terminal to the backscattering device in the full mode, h u represents the channel quality between the backscatter device and the terminal in the full mode, h us represents the second channel quality between the backscatter device and the target terminal in the full mode, represents the distance weight factor in the full mode, β3 represents the transmission power weight factor in the full mode, and γ3 represents the channel quality weight factor in the full mode.

19. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 18, wherein: The determining, according to the number of times and the relevant information, the at least one candidate relay from each of the terminals includes: If the number is greater than or equal to the third time, obtaining the prior information of each target terminal and the backscattering device; each of the target terminals is a terminal that successfully sends an Internet of Things signal to the base station in the forwarding mode in each historical sending cycle; Determining a comparison coefficient of each terminal in a forwarding mode according to the relevant information and each prior information; The at least one candidate relay is determined according to the comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein: The determining, according to the relevant information and each priori information, a comparison coefficient of each terminal in the forwarding mode includes: Obtaining an average value of each of the prior information; According to an average value of each of the prior information and the related information, a comparison coefficient of each of the terminals in the forwarding mode is determined.

21. A signal transmission device, comprising: A candidate relay determination module, configured to determine at least one candidate relay from each of the terminals according to relevant information of the backscatter device and each terminal when the base station does not receive an Internet of Things signal sent by the backscatter device; the relevant information at least includes a distance between the backscatter device and each terminal; The target relay determination module is used to send a forwarding mode activation instruction to the at least one candidate relay, and determine the target relay based on the response result of the forwarding mode activation instruction; the target relay is used to forward the Internet of Things signal to the base station.

22. A computer device comprising a transceiver, a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 20 when executing the computer program.

23. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 20.

24. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 20.

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