Apparatus and method for managing battery

Abstract

An apparatus for managing a battery according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises: a reference information storage unit configured to store reference capacity information about a reference battery; a capacity information generation unit configured to generate capacity information about each of a plurality of batteries; a characteristic information calculation unit configured to calculate a capacity change ratio, which is the ratio of the capacity information and the reference capacity information, for each of the plurality of batteries; a calculation unit configured to calculate the relative differences between the plurality of capacity change ratios; and a diagnosis unit configured to diagnose the states of the plurality of batteries by using calculation results from the calculation unit.

Description

Battery management device and method

[0001] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0097791, filed on July 26, 2023, the entire contents of which are disclosed in the specification and drawings of the said application are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present invention relates to a technology for diagnosing and managing the state of a battery, and more specifically, to a battery management device and method for effectively diagnosing a defective battery by using a relative comparison of a capacity change rate.

[0003] As the demand for portable electronic devices such as laptops, video cameras, and mobile phones that use electricity as a power source rapidly increases, and as mobile robots, electric bicycles, electric carts, and electric vehicles become more widely commercialized, research into high-performance secondary batteries capable of repeated charging and discharging is actively being conducted.

[0004] Commercialized secondary batteries include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, and lithium secondary batteries. Among these, lithium secondary batteries have the advantage of being able to charge and discharge freely and have a very low self-discharge rate because they have almost no memory effect compared to nickel-based secondary batteries. In addition, they have the characteristics of high energy density and high operating voltage, so they are being studied more intensively than other types of secondary batteries and are being applied more widely in actual products.

[0005] Recently, secondary batteries are widely used not only in small devices such as portable electronic devices, but also in medium and large devices such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems (ESS).

[0006] In this case, battery modules, in which multiple electrically connected secondary batteries are housed together within a module case, are primarily used. Furthermore, when high power or large capacity is required, battery packs, in which multiple such battery modules are electrically connected, are sometimes used.

[0007] Secondary battery cells, cell assemblies, battery modules, or battery packs (hereinafter collectively referred to as "batteries") are critical factors for power efficiency and safety. Therefore, active research is being conducted on battery management systems (BMS), which monitor the electrical characteristics of batteries and utilize the monitoring results to perform feedback control, such as charging and discharging.

[0008] Unlike fossil fuel-based energy generation, secondary cell-based batteries generate energy through electrochemical reactions, and therefore have the problem of not being able to maintain performance at the beginning of life (BOL) state as charge and discharge cycles progress.

[0009] Although this degradation phenomenon is an inherent phenomenon that occurs as the battery is used, it can also be affected by manufacturing defects such as process errors, impurity contamination, physical damage (such as cracks), and short circuits.

[0010] As such, as batteries continue to be used (charged and discharged), their usability diminishes due to deterioration in capacity and output. This deterioration also poses a safety risk. Therefore, accurate and rapid diagnosis of battery deterioration and defects is essential for controlling the limited use of deteriorated batteries, determining replacement timing, and improving the efficiency of battery reuse (or recycling).

[0011] The present invention was created to solve the above-described problem under the above-described background, and the purpose of the present invention is to provide a battery management device and method that can quickly and accurately diagnose and select a defective battery by using information on capacity change of each of a plurality of batteries (capacity change ratio) and the relative difference value between them.

[0012] The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the problems described above, and other problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the invention described below.

[0013] A battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention may include a reference information storage unit configured to store reference capacity information of a reference battery; a capacity information generation unit configured to generate capacity information for each of a plurality of batteries; a characteristic information generation unit configured to calculate a capacity change ratio, which is a ratio of the capacity information and the reference capacity information, for each of the plurality of batteries; a calculation processing unit configured to calculate a relative difference between the plurality of capacity change ratios; and a diagnosis unit configured to diagnose the states of the plurality of batteries using calculation results from the calculation processing unit.

[0014] The above diagnostic unit may be configured to diagnose a normal battery and a defective battery among the plurality of batteries using the above calculation results.

[0015] A battery management device according to another aspect of the present invention may further include a management control unit configured to control charging and discharging of the defective battery to be limited.

[0016] The above diagnostic unit may be configured to generate degradation rate information for one or more batteries among the plurality of batteries using the operation result.

[0017] A battery management device according to another aspect of the present invention may further include a management control unit configured to control the charge / discharge range of one or more batteries among the plurality of batteries to be differentially limited according to the degradation rate information.

[0018] The above operation processing unit may be configured to perform a weight operation on the result of the difference operation between the average value of the plurality of capacity change ratios and the individual capacity change ratios.

[0019] The above calculation processing unit may be configured to calculate a statistical deviation value of the plurality of capacity change ratios.

[0020] The above diagnostic unit may be configured to further diagnose the deterioration imbalance of the plurality of batteries using the statistical deviation value.

[0021] The above characteristic information calculation unit may be configured to calculate the ratio of the above capacity information to the above reference capacity information as the capacity change ratio.

[0022] A battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention may include a battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention.

[0023] A vehicle according to another aspect of the present invention may include a battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention.

[0024] A battery management method according to another aspect of the present invention may include a reference information storage step for storing reference capacity information of a reference battery; a capacity information generation step for generating capacity information of each of a plurality of batteries; a characteristic information calculation step for calculating a capacity change ratio, which is a ratio of the capacity information and the reference capacity information, for each of the plurality of batteries; a calculation processing step for calculating a relative difference between the plurality of capacity change ratios; and a diagnosis step for diagnosing the status of the plurality of batteries using the calculation result of the calculation processing step.

[0025] The present invention has the advantage of enabling rapid diagnosis of defective batteries from multiple batteries based on data regarding capacity loss. Furthermore, the present invention can provide rapid and accurate information on the degradation rate of the defective batteries.

[0026] In addition, since the diagnostic method according to the present invention can be implemented through software that can be installed in a BMS or a module that executes the same, it can provide higher expandability.

[0027] According to one aspect of the present invention, since it is possible to accurately diagnose whether an object (e.g., a battery pack) applied to an actual application device (e.g., an automobile, an ESS, etc.) is degraded and / or degraded imbalance, the effectiveness of battery control and management can be improved.

[0028] In addition, in the case of the present invention, the efficiency of battery management processing can be further improved by differentially applying the usage limit range of multiple batteries according to capacity change rate or degradation rate information, etc.

[0029] The following drawings attached to this specification illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention, and together with the detailed description of the invention described below, serve to more effectively understand the technical idea of ​​the present invention, and therefore, the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to the matters described in these drawings.

[0030] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed configuration of a battery management device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 is a flowchart illustrating a processing process according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating a processing process according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 is a drawing showing an example of a QV profile for a target battery.

[0034] Figure 5 is a drawing comparing the QV profiles of each of the reference battery and the target battery.

[0035] Figure 6 is a drawing illustrating a first embodiment of a capacity change ratio for each of a plurality of batteries.

[0036] Figure 7 is a drawing illustrating a second embodiment of a capacity change ratio for each of a plurality of batteries.

[0037] Figure 8 is a drawing explaining an example of a distribution of deviation values ​​generated using a capacity change ratio.

[0038] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Prior to this, it should be noted that the terms and words used in this specification and claims should not be construed as limited to their conventional or dictionary meanings. Based on the principle that the inventor can appropriately define the concept of a term to best explain his or her invention, they should be interpreted in a way that conforms to the technical spirit of the present invention.

[0039] Therefore, the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations illustrated in the drawings are only the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent all of the technical ideas of the present invention. Therefore, it should be understood that there may be various equivalents and modified examples that can replace them at the time of filing this application.

[0040] In addition, when describing the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known configuration or function may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description is omitted.

[0041] Throughout the specification, whenever a part is said to "include" a component, this does not mean that it excludes other components, but rather that it may include other components, unless otherwise stated.

[0042] Additionally, terms such as processor described in the specification mean a unit that processes at least one function or operation, which may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0043] Additionally, throughout the specification, when a part is said to be "connected" to another part, this includes not only cases where it is "directly connected" but also cases where it is "indirectly connected" with other elements in between.

[0044] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed configuration of a battery management device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a flowchart explaining a processing process according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] As illustrated in FIG. 1, the battery management device (100) of the present invention may be configured to include a reference information storage unit (110), a measurement unit (120), a capacity information generation unit (130), a characteristic information generation unit (140), an operation processing unit (150), a diagnosis unit (160), a management control unit (170), and an information sharing unit (180).

[0046] Before going into a detailed description of the present invention, it should be noted that the battery management device (100) according to the present invention can be implemented through various combinational applications of electronic devices, parts, etc., such as storage means, operation processing means, input / output means, etc., and therefore each component of the battery management device (100) illustrated in FIG. 1 should be understood as a functionally or logically distinct component rather than a physically distinct component.

[0047] That is, since each component illustrated in the above drawing corresponds to a logical configuration for effectively explaining the technical idea of ​​the present invention, even if each component is configured integrated or separated, if the function performed by the logical configuration of the present invention can be realized, it should be interpreted as being within the scope of the present invention, and of course, if it is a component that performs the same or similar function, it should be interpreted as being within the scope of the present invention regardless of whether or not the name is consistent.

[0048] In addition, the battery diagnosis method or management method according to the present invention can be implemented as a set or algorithm of processing related to data processing, handling, control, operation, input / output, etc., and thus, it can be implemented by a combination of logical configurations shown in FIG. 1, as well as in the form of software installed and operated in a system, device, computer (or a device equivalent thereto), BMS, module, or sub-component thereof.

[0049] The battery management device (100) of the present invention may be configured to detect or diagnose normal and defective batteries among a plurality of batteries (10). According to an embodiment, the battery management device (100) may be configured to generate and output diagnostic data for a plurality of batteries (10) for organic linkage with other components, modules, devices, etc.

[0050] Here, a defective battery (BB) refers to a battery that has a relatively high degree of degradation compared to other batteries or that does not exhibit the designed driving performance due to process errors, physical damage, etc.

[0051] From a corresponding perspective, a normal battery (NB) refers to a battery that has characteristics opposite to those of a defective battery (BB) and has driving performance (deterioration level, etc.) at an equal or similar level to other batteries. Alternatively, a normal battery (NB) refers to a battery that implements normal driving performance (taking into account the margin of error) according to its designed specifications. Here, normal driving performance may not mean driving performance at the beginning of life (BOL) state, but rather driving performance that is exhibited at a normal level of degradation depending on the number of uses or degree of use while going through a normal degradation process.

[0052] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the battery management device (100) can diagnose and manage a plurality of batteries (10). For example, the battery management device (100) can diagnose and manage k batteries, where k is a natural number greater than or equal to 2.

[0053] Additionally, in FIG. 1, the plurality of batteries (10) may be single cells or cell assemblies in which multiple cells are connected in series and / or parallel.

[0054] The measuring unit (120) is configured to measure electrical characteristic values ​​(voltage, current, temperature, resistance, etc.) of a battery that is the subject of diagnosis (hereinafter referred to as “target battery”) during a charging or discharging process (S210).

[0055] When the electrical characteristic values ​​of the target battery are measured in this way, the capacity information generation unit (130) of the present invention is configured to generate capacity information of each of the plurality of batteries (10) using the measured electrical characteristic values ​​(voltage, current, temperature, resistance, charge / discharge rate (C-rate), etc.) (S220).

[0056] If the capacity information is generated during the charging process, it may be the full charge capacity according to the full charge of the battery, and if it is generated during the discharging process, it may be the full discharge capacity of the battery according to the full discharge.

[0057] Capacity information is information or data that can represent the performance or degree of degradation of a battery, and has a behavioral characteristic that decreases depending on the number of times the battery is used, charge / discharge conditions, and usage environment, and can be generated through various methods such as estimation based on voltage increase rate, accumulation method, and comparison of a reference profile and a charge / discharge profile.

[0058] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a QV profile (M) representing the relationship between electrical characteristic values ​​(voltage, V) generated for a target battery and capacity information estimated or generated correspondingly thereto. Here, the QV profile (M) is a profile representing the correspondence between the capacity and voltage of the target battery.

[0059] The QV profile of Fig. 4 is a profile generated during the charging process, and the capacity (Ah or mAh) at the point marked A in Fig. 4 corresponds to the capacity information according to the full charge of the target battery, i.e., the capacity information. Fig. 4 is merely intended to enhance the convenience of understanding and the efficiency of explanation, so it goes without saying that the capacity information can be generated in the form of quantified data, such as numbers, without a process of generating the entire profile as in Fig. 4 using graphic elements, etc.

[0060] When the capacity information of the target battery is generated, the characteristic information generation unit (140) generates a capacity change ratio (Cs), which is the ratio of the capacity information and the reference capacity information, for each of a plurality of batteries (10) (S230).

[0061] Here, the reference battery is a battery having specifications or specifications equivalent to those of the battery to be diagnosed, and may be a battery in the Beginning of Life (BOL) state or a simulated ideal battery for relative comparison with the target battery. The reference capacity information is capacity information of the reference battery, and may be stored in advance (S200) in the reference information storage unit (110) of the present invention, depending on the embodiment, and may be utilized.

[0062] The capacity change ratio (Cs) may be the ratio between the reference capacity information of the reference battery and the capacity information of the target battery, or information equivalent thereto, as shown in the formula below.

[0063] [Mathematical Formula 1]

[0064]

[0065] Q in Equation 1 T is the capacity information of the target battery, and Q R is the standard capacity information of the standard battery. That is, the characteristic information calculation unit (140) calculates the standard capacity information (Q R Capacity information (Q) for T ) can be calculated as the capacity change ratio (Cs).

[0066] The capacity change ratio (Cs) is for the relative comparison between the reference capacity information and the capacity information of the target battery based on the current point in time, so it goes without saying that the parameters set in the numerator and denominator of the above mathematical expression 1 may be configured in reverse depending on the embodiment.

[0067] As illustrated in Figure 5, which is a drawing comparing the QV profile (R) of the reference battery and the QV profile (M) of the target battery, the reference capacity information (Q R ) is the capacity of the point marked as "B" in Fig. 5, and the capacity information (Q T ) can be the capacity of the point marked as “A” in FIG. 5.

[0068] According to mathematical expression 1, the capacity change ratio (Cs) of the reference battery is 100%, and as aging or deterioration increases, the amount of capacity decrease increases, so the numerical value of the capacity change ratio (Cs) gradually decreases. If the numerator and denominator of mathematical expression 1 are configured in reverse to define the capacity change ratio (Cs), the capacity change ratio (Cs) of the target battery with severe aging becomes larger than that of the target battery with relatively little aging.

[0069] In this way, the capacity change ratio (Cs) is an indicator representing the degree of degradation of the target battery, and as the degree of degradation increases, its size decreases (based on mathematical equation 1), so the size of the capacity change ratio (Cs) itself can be an important parameter for diagnosing the degree of degradation of the target battery.

[0070] As previously described, batteries used in applications (electric vehicles, ESS, etc.) are typically formed by grouping multiple batteries (10), as illustrated in FIG. 1. If there is a significant difference in the aging rate between the grouped batteries, collective performance degradation may occur, with the overall performance of the grouped batteries degrading to the level of the battery with the most severe performance degradation.

[0071] In this respect, it is desirable to configure a configuration in which a defective battery (BB) is selected from a plurality of batteries (10) based on a relative difference in the degree of degeneration, i.e., a relative difference in the capacity change ratio (Cs), so that the operation processing unit (150) can be configured to calculate the relative difference in a plurality of capacity change ratios (Cs) (S240).

[0072] As a method for calculating the relative difference, a method for comparing the capacity change ratio (Cs) itself relatively can be applied, a method for calculating the difference between the average value of multiple capacity change ratios (Cs) and the individual capacity change ratios (Cs), or a method for functionally calculating a weight proportional to the size of the difference calculation result to the result of this difference calculation can be applied (S241).

[0073] When such a weighting operation is applied, it can provide the advantage of more clearly distinguishing between normal batteries (NB) whose capacity change ratio (Cs) falls within the average range and defective batteries (BB) whose capacity change ratio falls outside the average range.

[0074] When the relative difference of multiple capacity change ratios (Cs) is calculated in this way (S240), the diagnosis unit (160) uses the calculation result of the calculation processing unit (150) to diagnose the status of multiple batteries (10) (S250).

[0075] FIG. 6 is a drawing illustrating a first embodiment of a capacity change ratio (Cs) for each of a plurality of batteries. Specifically, FIG. 6 is a drawing illustrating a first embodiment of a capacity change ratio (Cs) for ten batteries, reference numbers 11 to 20.

[0076] In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the batteries (reference numbers 12 and 19) included in group 2 exhibit a relatively low capacity change rate (Cs) compared to the batteries (reference numbers 11, 13-18 and 20) included in group 1. Therefore, the diagnostic unit (160) can diagnose the batteries (reference numbers 12 and 19) included in group 2 as defective batteries (BB) (S251). In addition, the capacity change rates (Cs) of the batteries (reference numbers 11, 13-18 and 20) included in group 1 form a distribution with a small deviation from the average. Therefore, the diagnostic unit (160) can diagnose the batteries (reference numbers 11, 13-18 and 20) included in group 1 as normal batteries (NB) (S251).

[0077] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a second embodiment of a capacity change ratio (Cs) for each of a plurality of batteries. Specifically, FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a second embodiment of a capacity change ratio (Cs) for ten batteries having reference numbers 57 to 66.

[0078] In the case of FIG. 7, only battery number 57 has a relatively large capacity change ratio (Cs) compared to other batteries (reference numbers 58-66). Therefore, the diagnostic unit (160) can diagnose battery number 57 as a defective battery (BB), and all batteries (reference numbers 58-66) included in group 3 can be diagnosed as normal batteries (NB).

[0079] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the result of performing a weighting operation (square of the result of the difference operation) on the result of the difference operation between the average value of the multiple capacity change ratios (Cs) and the individual capacity change ratios (Cs) based on the capacity change ratios (Cs) of the multiple batteries illustrated in FIG. 6.

[0080] Referring to Figure 8, the square or exponential function (e.g., f(x)=2) of the deviation value (the difference between the average value of the capacity change ratio and the individual capacity change ratio) x, When a weighting operation such as x is performed (absolute value of deviation), the value of a defective battery (BB) can be more clearly expressed compared to the value of a normal battery (NB), so that the resolution for distinguishing a defective battery (BB) can be implemented more precisely.

[0081] When a defective battery (BB) is diagnosed by the diagnostic unit (160), the management control unit (170) can exclude the defective battery (BB) from charge / discharge processing or control the charging / discharging of the defective battery (BB) to be limited to a specific range (S260).

[0082]

[0083] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating a processing process according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0084] As described above, when the status of multiple batteries is diagnosed (S300) and a normal battery (NB) and a defective battery (BB) are selected accordingly (S310), the diagnosis unit (160) can be configured to generate degradation rate information of the defective battery (BB) using the capacity change rate (Cs) (S320).

[0085] When degradation rate information of a defective battery (BB) or the like is generated and input to the management control unit (170), the management control unit (170) can limit the charge / discharge range of the defective battery (BB). In addition, the management control unit (170) can control the charge / discharge range of the defective battery (BB) to be differentially limited according to the degradation rate information, such as by making the charge / discharge range limit relatively large in the case of a defective battery (BB) with relatively large degradation rate information (S330).

[0086] According to the embodiment, the reference information storage unit (110) may be configured to further store attribute information including identification information of a plurality of batteries (10) or / and identification information of a battery (50).

[0087] In this case, the information sharing unit (180) may be configured to generate status information including identification information of multiple batteries (10), information on whether the batteries are defective or have a deterioration rate, etc., and output the information to a user terminal or a vehicle's info system (S340).

[0088] Furthermore, when the capacity change ratio (Cs) of each of the plurality of batteries (10) is generated as described above, the calculation processing unit (150) can calculate the statistical deviation values ​​(variance value, standard deviation value, etc.) of the plurality of capacity change ratios (Cs).

[0089] Since the statistical deviation value is generated using the capacity change rate (Cs) of each of the multiple batteries (10), this statistical deviation value becomes information representing the properties of the multiple batteries (10).

[0090] When a statistical deviation value is generated in this way, the diagnostic unit (160) can additionally diagnose the deterioration imbalance of multiple batteries (10) using this statistical deviation value.

[0091] A relatively large statistical deviation value (e.g., compared to a reference value) indicates a large deviation in the degradation of the multiple batteries (10). In other words, a relatively large statistical deviation value indicates that the degradation among the multiple batteries (10) is not balanced or uniform. Conversely, a relatively small statistical deviation value indicates that the degradation of the multiple batteries (10) is uniform.

[0092] In this way, in the case of the present invention, since the presence and degree of deterioration imbalance of an upper assembly such as a pack or module are diagnosed, subsequent processing or operation such as limited use, exclusion of charge / discharge, and determination of replacement time targeting a pack or module unit can be more effectively induced.

[0093] The battery management device (100) according to the present invention can be applied to a BMS (Battery Management System). That is, the BMS according to the present invention can include the battery management device (100) described above. In this configuration, at least some of the components of the battery management device (100) can be implemented by supplementing or adding to the functions of the components included in a conventional BMS.

[0094] In addition, the battery management device (100) according to the present invention may be provided in a battery pack. That is, the battery pack according to the present invention may include the battery management device (100) described above and a plurality of batteries (10), etc.

[0095] Furthermore, the battery management device (100) according to the present invention may be equipped in a vehicle, such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. That is, the vehicle according to the present invention may include the battery management device according to the present invention or the battery pack according to the present invention. Furthermore, the vehicle according to the present invention may further include various other components included in the vehicle in addition to the battery management device or battery pack. For example, the vehicle according to the present invention may further include a body, a motor, a control device such as an ECU (electronic control unit), etc., in addition to the device according to the present invention.

[0096]

[0097] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is obvious that various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the technical idea of ​​the present invention and the equivalent scope of the patent claims to be described below by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains.

[0098] The drawings attached for the purpose of explaining the present invention and illustrating embodiments thereof may be illustrated in a somewhat exaggerated form to emphasize or highlight the technical contents of the present invention. However, it should be interpreted that it is obvious that various modified application examples may be possible at the level of a person skilled in the art in consideration of the contents described above and matters illustrated in the drawings.

[0099] In addition, it is self-evident that expressions such as first, second, upper, lower, or top and bottom in the description of the present invention are merely instrumental conceptual terms used to relatively distinguish each component (element) from each other, and are not terms used to indicate a specific order, priority, etc., or terms used to physically distinguish each component (element) on an absolute basis.

[0100] (Explanation of symbols)

[0101] 10: Multiple batteries

[0102] 100: Battery management device

[0103] 110: Reference information storage

[0104] 120: Measurement section

[0105] 130: Capacity information generation unit

[0106] 140: Characteristic information production unit

[0107] 150: Operation processing unit

[0108] 160: Diagnostic Department

[0109] 170: Management Control Unit

[0110] 180: Information Sharing Department

Claims

1. A reference information storage unit configured to store reference capacity information of a reference battery; A capacity information generation unit configured to generate capacity information for each of a plurality of batteries; A characteristic information calculation unit configured to calculate a capacity change ratio, which is a ratio of the above capacity information and the above reference capacity information, for each of the plurality of batteries; An operation processing unit configured to calculate the relative difference between the above-mentioned plurality of capacity change ratios; and A battery management device characterized by including a diagnostic unit configured to diagnose the status of the plurality of batteries using the calculation results of the calculation processing unit.

2. In paragraph 1, A battery management device characterized in that the above diagnostic unit is configured to diagnose a normal battery and a defective battery among the plurality of batteries using the above calculation results.

3. In paragraph 2, A battery management device further comprising a management control unit configured to control charging and discharging of the defective battery to be limited.

4. In paragraph 1, The above diagnostic unit is configured to generate degradation rate information for one or more batteries among the plurality of batteries using the operation result, A battery management device further comprising a management control unit configured to control the charge / discharge range of at least one battery among the plurality of batteries to be differentially limited according to the degradation rate information.

5. In paragraph 1, A battery management device characterized in that the above operation processing unit is configured to perform a weight operation on the result of the difference operation between the average value of the plurality of capacity change ratios and the individual capacity change ratios.

6. In paragraph 1, The above operation processing unit is configured to calculate the statistical deviation value of the plurality of capacity change ratios, A battery management device characterized in that the diagnostic unit is configured to further diagnose the deterioration imbalance of the plurality of batteries using the statistical deviation value.

7. In paragraph 1, A battery management device characterized in that the above characteristic information calculation unit is configured to calculate the ratio of the above capacity information to the above reference capacity information as the capacity change ratio.

8. A battery pack comprising a battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A vehicle including a battery management device according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 7.

10. Standard information storage step where standard capacity information of the standard battery is stored; A capacity information generation step for generating capacity information for each of multiple batteries; A characteristic information calculation step for calculating a capacity change ratio, which is a ratio of the above capacity information and the above reference capacity information, for each of the plurality of batteries; A calculation processing step for calculating the relative difference between the above multiple capacity change ratios; and A battery management method characterized by including a diagnosis step for diagnosing the status of the plurality of batteries using the calculation result of the above calculation processing step.

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