Devices, methods, and medium for communication
By enabling A-IoT devices to report power stability information to communication devices, the solution addresses the challenge of intermittent power sources in A-IoT devices, enhancing their communication efficiency and reliability in NR systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/116352
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-06
AI Technical Summary
Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices with energy harvesting capabilities face challenges in power stability due to intermittent ambient power sources, which affects their communication efficiency in New Radio (NR) systems.
The implementation of A-IoT devices that determine power-related information, including power stability indications, and transmit reports to communication devices. These reports assist communication devices in managing A-IoT devices effectively, optimizing communication processes based on power stability.
This solution enhances the power management and communication efficiency of A-IoT devices by enabling communication devices to make informed decisions based on power stability reports, ensuring reliable operation despite intermittent power sources.
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Figure CN2023116352_06032025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES, METHODS, AND MEDIUM FOR COMMUNICATIONFIELD
[0001] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices, methods, and a computer readable medium for communication.BACKGROUND
[0002] Recently, a new work item on ambient internet of things (A-IoT) is ongoing in new radio (NR) release 18 (Rel-18) . A new third generation partner project (3GPP) IoT technology is targeted to be studied, which relies on the A-IoT devices. The A-IoT devices may be ultra-low complexity devices with ultra-low power consumption for the very-low end IoT applications. However, some new features should be introduced to support the A-IoT devices in the NR system.SUMMARY
[0003] In general, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide devices, methods, and a computer storage medium for communication.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided an A-IoT device. The A-IoT device comprises at least one processor configured to cause the A-IoT device at least to: determine power related information of the A-IoT device, wherein the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability, and the power related information of the A-IoT device indicates a power stability indication associated with the energy harvesting capability; and transmit, to a communication device, a report comprising the power related information of the A-IoT device.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided an A-IoT device. The A-IoT device comprises at least one processor configured to cause the A-IoT device at least to: determine assistance information related to power of the A-IoT device, wherein the assistance information comprises a preference on a transmission mode associated with a preferred working mode of the A-IoT device indicating whether the backscattering communication is used, wherein the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability; and transmit, to a communication device, the assistance information.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a communication device. The communication device comprises at least one processor configured to cause the communication device at least to: receive, from an A-IoT device, a report comprising power related information of the A-IoT device, wherein the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability, and the power related information of the A-IoT device indicates a power stability indication associated with the energy harvesting capability; and perform a management for the A-IoT device based on the report.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a communication device. The communication device comprises at least one processor configured to cause the communication device at least to: receive, from an A-IoT device, assistance information related to power of the A-IoT device, wherein the assistance information comprises a preference on a transmission mode associated with a preferred working mode of the A-IoT device indicating whether the backscattering communication is used, wherein the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability; and determine to accept the assistance information or to generate configuration information based on the assistance information.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: determining, by an A-IoT device, power related information of the A-IoT device, wherein the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability, and the power related information of the A-IoT device indicates a power stability indication associated with the energy harvesting capability; and transmitting, to a communication device, a report comprising the power related information of the A-IoT device.
[0009] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: determining, by an A-IoT device, assistance information related to power of the A-IoT device, wherein the assistance information comprises a preference on a transmission mode associated with a preferred working mode of the A-IoT device indicating whether the backscattering communication is used, wherein the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability; and transmitting, to a communication device, the assistance information.
[0010] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, by a communication device from an A-IoT device, a report comprising power related information of the A-IoT device, wherein the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability, and the power related information of the A-IoT device indicates a power stability indication associated with the energy harvesting capability; and performing a management for the A-IoT device based on the report.
[0011] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, by a communication device from an A-IoT device, assistance information related to power of the A-IoT device, wherein the assistance information comprises a preference on a transmission mode associated with a preferred working mode of the A-IoT device indicating whether the backscattering communication is used, wherein the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability; and determining to accept the assistance information or to generate configuration information based on the assistance information.
[0012] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to any of the fifth to the eighth aspects above.
[0013] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0015] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of communication of a tag;
[0016] FIGS. 2A-2E illustrate some example communication environment in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0017] FIG. 3 illustrates an example communication environment in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0018] FIG. 4 illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIGS. 5A-5D illustrate some example processes for reporting in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 6A illustrates an example schematic of an A-IoT device with a power amplifier in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 6B illustrates an example process for reporting capability information in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate some example processes for reporting assistance information in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at an A-IoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at an A-IoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0027] FIG. 12 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0028] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0030] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0031] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0032] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0033] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0034] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as “best, ” “lowest, ” “highest, ” “minimum, ” “maximum, ” or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0035] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as New Radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0036] As used herein, the term “terminal device” refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also be incorporated one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0037] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a satellite, a unmanned aerial systems (UAS) platform, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0038] In one embodiment, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In one embodiment, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In one embodiment, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device and the second network device. In one embodiment, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In one embodiment, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0039] Communications discussed herein may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, New Radio (NR) Access, Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , cdma2000, and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and the like. Furthermore, the communications may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.85G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , and the sixth (6G) communication protocols. The techniques described herein may be used for the wireless networks and radio technologies mentioned above as well as other wireless networks and radio technologies. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0040] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0041] The terminal device or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g. FR1 (410 MHz –7125 MHz) , FR2 (24.25GHz to 71GHz) , frequency band larger than 100GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network device under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0042] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, or channel emulator.
[0043] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G, 4G, 4.5G, 5G, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or 6G networks.
[0044] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0045] As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “includes” and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean “includes, but is not limited to. ” The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on. ” The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment. ” The terms “first, ” “second, ” and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0046] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as “best, ” “lowest, ” “highest, ” “minimum, ” “maximum, ” or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0047] It is proposed to study a deployment of A-IoT devices in 3GPP system, such as an NR system. To support A-IoT devices in the NR system, some new features should be introduced and studied, such as new waveform, new frame structure, new physical layer and higher layer procedure.
[0048] A-IoT devices have ultra-low power consumption. In terms of energy storage, the A-IoT devices may be pure batteryless devices with no energy storage capability at all, and completely be dependent on the availability of an external source of energy; or the A-IoT devices may be devices with limited energy storage capability that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually.
[0049] The batteryless devices or devices with limited energy storage capability have already been widely used in many real-world applications, e.g., retail, positioning, highway toll charging, etc. For a batteryless device, such as a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag, backscattering communication may be used. FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of communication 100 of a tag. A reader 110 may transmit a continuous wave to the tag 120, where the reader 110 may also be called as an interrogator and the continuous wave is a pure carrier wave signal without modulated information on it. The tag 120 may harvest the energy from the received continuous wave, and then modulate its information on the wave and transmit it to the reader 110. For a device with energy storage capability (e.g., a device with solar battery) , the continuous wave may not be needed since the device may have enough power to generate the carrier wave by an oscillator module.
[0050] Some representative use cases have been discussed, the use cases may relate to inventory, e.g. automated warehousing, medical instruments inventory management and positioning, non-public network for logistics; sensor, e.g. smart homes, base station machine room environmental supervision, forest fire monitoring; positioning, e.g., finding remote lost item, location service, ranging in a home; and / or command, e.g. online modification of medical instruments status, device activation and deactivation, elderly health care. For supporting these use cases, a specific management function of 5GC, e.g., an A-IoT function (AIF) may be defined.
[0051] FIGS. 2A-2E illustrate some example communication environments in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The possible deployment scenarios for an A-IoT device in an NR system may be divided into two categories: a monostatic architecture and a bistatic architecture.
[0052] In the present disclosure, a monostatic architecture may involve at least two entities, e.g., a network device and an A-IoT device, or a terminal device and an A-IoT device. A bistatic architecture may involve at least three entities, e.g., a network device, a terminal device and an A-IoT device, or two terminal devices and an A-IoT device.
[0053] In the present disclosure, a transmission link to the A-IoT device may be referred to as a forward link (FL) , in this case, the A-IoT device is a receiver of a transmission from a network device or a terminal device. A transmission link from the A-IoT device may be referred to as a backward link (BL) , in this case, the A-IoT device is a transmitter of a transmission to a network device or a terminal device.
[0054] As shown in FIG. 2A, which illustrates an example environment 210 of a monostatic architecture, a terminal device 211 may perform a transmission to an A-IoT device 212 through an FL, and the A-IoT device 212 may perform a transmission to the terminal device 211 through a BL, for example, the BL transmission may be a response of the FL transmission. As shown in FIG. 2B, which illustrates an example environment 220 of a monostatic architecture, a network device 221 may perform a transmission to an A-IoT device 222 through an FL, and the A-IoT device 222 may perform a transmission to the network device 221 through a BL, for example, the BL transmission may be a response of the FL transmission.
[0055] As shown in FIG. 2C, which illustrates an example environment 230 of a bistatic architecture, a terminal device 231 may perform a transmission to an A-IoT device 232 through an FL, and the A-IoT device 232 may perform a transmission to another terminal device 233 through a BL. As shown in FIG. 2D, which illustrates an example environment 240 of a bistatic architecture, a terminal device 241 may perform a transmission to an A-IoT device 242 through an FL, and the A-IoT device 242 may perform a transmission to a network device 243 through a BL. As shown in FIG. 2E, which illustrates an example environment 230 of a bistatic architecture, a network device 251 may perform a transmission to an A-IoT device 252 through an FL, and the A-IoT device 252 may perform a transmission to a terminal device 253 through a BL.
[0056] The A-IoT devices may be characterized according to their energy storage capacity, and capability of generating radio frequency (RF) signals for their transmission. For example, an A-IoT device may have one of the following energy storage capacities: storage capacity 1: No storage at all; storage capacity 2: Up to E1 Joules; and storage capacity 3: Up to E2 Joules. It is to be understood that there may be two capacities in case E1=E2. In this case, an A-IoT device with storage capacity 2 / 3 may be a device with a limited energy storage.
[0057] The following sets of A-IoT devices may be considered by relying on these storage capacities:
[0058] - Device type A: No energy storage, no independent signal generation / amplification, i.e. backscattering transmission.
[0059] - Device type B: Has energy storage, no independent signal generation, i.e. backscattering transmission. Use of stored energy can include amplification for reflected signals.
[0060] - Device type C: Has energy storage, has independent signal generation, i.e., active RF components for transmission.
[0061] In some example embodiments, there may be a device which is introduced to charge the A-IoT device. The device may be used to transmit a carrier wave (CW) signal to the A-IoT device, in some examples, the device may be referred to as a CW source device. In some examples, the CW source device may be a terminal device or a network device. For example, the CW source device may be a CW source terminal device, such as a CW source UE.
[0062] The CW signal may be called as a CW for brevity, and the CW signal may be transmitted to the A-IoT device. In some examples, the CW may be used for generating a backscattered signal by the A-IoT device. In some examples, the CW may be used for providing energy source to the A-IoT device. In some examples, the CW may be used for both the two purposes: i.e., generating a backscattered signal by the A-IoT device and providing energy source to the A-IoT device. As an example, the CW is a pure sine or cosine wave; as another example, the CW is a modulated signal, e.g., an Orthogonal Frequency Divided Multiple (OFDM) signal or a single carrier signal.
[0063] In some embodiments, the CW signal and / or the backscattered signal may be generated based on an amplitude modulation, which may include any of: amplitude shift keying (ASK) , frequency shift keying (FSK) , or on-off keying (OOK) modulation. An OOK modulation sequence may include at least one OOK ON symbol and at least one OOK OFF symbol. For example, the OOK ON symbol and the OOK OFF symbol may represent symbols with higher and lower amplitude respectively. It is to be understood that an OOK ON symbol is equivalent to a non-zero symbol which is transmitted in a frequency component of FSK modulation, and an OOK OFF symbol is equivalent to a symbol with zero power in a frequency component of FSK modulation.
[0064] In the present disclosure, a transmission over the FL may be referred to as an FL transmission (or communication) , a forward transmission (or communication) , or the like. In the present disclosure, a transmission over the BL may be referred to as a backscattering transmission (or communication) , a backscattered transmission (or communication) , a BL transmission (or communication) , a backward transmission (or communication) , a reflected transmission (or communication) , or the like. In the present disclosure, a transmission link from a CW source device to an A-IoT device may be called as a CW link, which may be used for CW signal transmission or CW transmission.
[0065] An A-IoT device may be an ambient power-enabled IoT device, which may be powered by energy harvesting, being either battery-less or with limited energy storage capability (e.g., using a capacitor) . For ambient IoT devices, energy can be harvested from different types of ambient power sources, some examples of which may include radio waves, solar energy, light, thermal energy, and / or mechanical vibration, etc. These kinds of ambient power have the following characteristics: for typical ambient power, the power harvested is very limited, e.g. from 1uW to 100mW (per cm2 / cm3) ; for some ambient power from artificial power source (e.g., light, RF waves) , the ambient power can be stable and constant; but for some other kind of ambient power such as solar, heat, or vibration, the ambient power is unstable (intermittent, not constant) and it may be impossible to use the ambient power as a direct power source for electronic devices.
[0066] An A-IoT device, e.g., with type B or type C, may utilize ambient power for energy harvesting, however, the ambient power may not be stable and the energy storage capability of the A-IoT device may be limited. This means, in some conditions, the stored energy may be exhausted or get into a low level. For example, for an A-IoT device which uses solar energy for ambient power, it can only be charged in the day time (and with good sunlight) , therefore, its energy supply could be unstable (e.g., discontinuous) in the night or when it is placed into an indoor environment without sunlight for a long time. For example, for an A-IoT device which uses RF signal for ambient power, if it is placed at a certain environment (e.g., in a basement, or inside a metal cabinet / box, etc. ) that has poor RF received power level (typically the power charging threshold of RF signal (e.g., -10dBm) is higher than the communication threshold (e.g., -70dBm) ) , its stored energy may be run out without recharging.
[0067] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of communication. In the solution, an A-IoT device may transmit, to a communication device, a report which includes power related information of the A-IoT device. In some example embodiments, the power related information of the A-IoT device indicates a power stability indication associated with an energy harvesting capability of the A-IoT device. Accordingly, the communication device may be aware of the power related information of the A-IoT device, and thus a communication process may be optimized. Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0068] FIG. 3 illustrates an example communication environment 300 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The communication environment 300 may also be called as a network environment, a network system, a communication system, a communication network, or the like, the present disclosure does not limit this aspect. The communication environment 300 includes an A-IoT device 310, a terminal device 320, a network device 330, an assisting node 340, and a core network function 350.
[0069] The A-IoT device 310 has an energy harvesting capability. For example, energy or power of the A-IoT device 310 may be harvested by ambient power, such as solar energy, light, radio wave, thermal energy, or mechanical vibration. It is to be understood that a source of the ambient power is not limited in the present disclosure. In the present disclosure, the terms “energy” and “power” may be used interchangeably in some cases, for example, “power stability” may be interchangeably used with “energy stability” , “power status” may be interchangeably used with “energy status” , “power supply” may be interchangeably used with “energy supply” , etc., the following description will not list in this aspect.
[0070] In some examples, the core network function 350, which may be also called as a core network entity, may be included in a core network, e.g., a 5GC or a 6G core network. For example, the core network function 350 may include an AIF and / or an application function (AF) . In some examples, the assisting node 340 may be a device or entity in any form, e.g., a UE, an NR RAN node (such as a gNB, a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node) , an AP, or a STA.
[0071] In the environment 300, the A-IoT device 310 may perform a backscattering transmission to any one of: the terminal device 320, the network device 330, the assisting node 340, or the core network function 350. In some examples, as shown in FIG. 3, there may be a BL from the A-IoT device 310 to the terminal device 320, a BL from the A-IoT device 310 to the network device 330, and / or a BL from the A-IoT device 310 to the assisting node 340.
[0072] Although not shown in FIG. 3, a forward transmission may be received by the A-IoT device 310 over an FL from any one of: the terminal device 320, the network device 330, the assisting node 340, or another terminal device.
[0073] In some implementations, there may be further a first device, which is not shown in FIG. 3, used for transmitting e.g. a CW signal to the A-IoT device 310.
[0074] In some implementations, a device which can receive a backscattering transmission from the A-IoT device 310 over a BL may be referred to as a communication device or a second device, for example, the second device may be the terminal device 320, the network device 330, the assisting node 340, or the core network function 350 as shown in FIG. 3.
[0075] Communications in the environment, between a network device and a terminal device for example, between a network device / a terminal device and an A-IoT device for example, may be implemented according to any proper communication protocol (s) , comprising, but not limited to, cellular communication protocols of the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , the fifth generation (5G) , the sixth generation (6G) , and the like, wireless local network communication protocols such as Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and the like, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Moreover, the communication may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Divided Multiple Address (CDMA) , Frequency Divided Multiple Address (FDMA) , Time Divided Multiple Address (TDMA) , Frequency Divided Duplexer (FDD) , Time Divided Duplexer (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Divided Multiple Access (OFDMA) and / or any other technologies currently known or to be developed in the future.
[0076] Embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to any suitable scenarios. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented at reduced capability NR devices. Alternatively, embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented in one of the followings: NR multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) , NR sidelink enhancements, NR systems with frequency above 52.6GHz, an extending NR operation up to 71GHz, narrow band-Internet of Thing (NB-IOT) / enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC) over non-terrestrial networks (NTN) , NTN, UE power saving enhancements, NR coverage enhancement, NB-IoT and LTE-MTC, Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , NR Multicast and Broadcast Services, or enhancements on Multi-Radio Dual-Connectivity.
[0077] It is to be understood that the numbers of devices and their connection relationships and types shown in FIG. 3 are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The environment may include any suitable numbers of devices adapted for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0078] Reference is further made to FIG. 4, which illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process 400 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 400 may involve an A-IoT device 401 and a communication device 402, for example, the A-IoT device 401 may be the A-IoT device 310 as shown in FIG. 3, and the communication device 402 may be the terminal device 320, the network device 330, the assisting node 340, or the core network function 350 as shown in FIG. 3. It would be appreciated that the process 400 may be applied to other communication scenarios, which will not be described in detail.
[0079] In the process 400, the A-IoT device 401 determines 410 power related information of the A-IoT device. In addition, the A-IoT device 401 transmits 420 a report 422 to the communication device 402, where the report 422 includes the power related information. Accordingly, the communication device 402 receives 424 the report, and may be aware of the power related information of the A-IoT device 401.
[0080] In some implementations, the report 422 may be power stability information (PSI) report, it is to be understood that the PSI report may also be called as a PSI message, a PSI notification, a PSI, energy stability information, or the like, the present disclosure does not limit this aspect. In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device 401 is capable to report its PSI via a BL to the communication deice 402.
[0081] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device 401 may be a type C device, that is, the A-IoT device 401 has limited energy storage and has a capability of independent signal generation. In some example embodiments, the PSI report may at least provide long-term stability or availability of the energy storage of the A-IoT device 401 or long-term stability or availability of the ambient power for energy harvesting.
[0082] In some example embodiments, the PSI report includes power related information which is static or semi-persistent information. In some examples, the power related information in the PSI report may be regarded as, or may be called as, or may include, or may be included in power stability information. In some examples, the PSI report include power stability information which at least indicate a power stability indication. In some example embodiments, the information in the PSI report may be determined based on a capability of the A-IoT device 401 and / or a deployment environment.
[0083] In some example embodiments, the communication device 402 may transmit a request for the PSI (a PSI request) to the A-IoT device 401, and the A-IoT device 401 further transmit the PSI report to the communication device 402 in response to the PSI request. For example, the PSI request may be transmitted from the communication device 402 to the A-IoT device 401 via an FL.
[0084] In some other example embodiments, the A-IoT device 401 may determine whether at least one predefined condition is fulfilled. In some examples, the at least one predefined condition is defined for triggering a report of the PSI. In some examples, when one of the at least one predefined condition is met, the A-IoT device 401 may report its PSI to the communication device 402 via a BL. In some examples, the at least one predefined condition may be referred to as at least one event, at least one trigger condition, at least one trigger event for reporting PSI, or the like, the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0085] In some examples, the at least one predefined condition may include: a transmission is received from the communication device 402, and the transmission is used for configuring the FL and / or the BL between the A-IoT device 401 and the communication device 402. For example, the A-IoT device 401 has connected to the communication device 402, which is a new device or a new entity for the A-IoT device 401. For example, the A-IoT device 401 has received an FL transmission from the communication device 402, which is a new device or a new entity for the A-IoT device 401, and the FL transmission intends to configure the FL and / or the BL between the A-IoT device 401 and the communication device 402 (i.e. the new device or new entity) .
[0086] In some examples, the at least one predefined condition may include: a further cell is selected or accessed by the A-IoT device 401. For example, the A-IoT device 401 has selected a new cell, or the cell it selected has a new tracking area code which is different from the cell it previously connected or camped on.
[0087] In some other examples, the at least one predefined condition may include: a specific BL transmission to the communication device is to be performed, where the specific BL transmission is one of: a first BL transmission, a last BL transmission, a Nth BL transmission. For example, the PSI report (or the PSI) may be transmitted together with or included in the specific BL transmission. For example, the A-IoT device 401 may report the PSI in every BL transmission. For example, the A-IoT device 401 may report the PSI in the Nth BL transmission of a series of transmissions, where N may be an integer not smaller than 0. For example, N may equal to 1 or 2. For example, the PSI may be transmitted in the first or second BL transmission of multiple BL transmissions, e.g., in an initial access procedure, in an inventory procedure, or in a discovery procedure, etc.
[0088] In some example embodiments, the PSI report may be transmitted to the communication device 402, which may be a second device mentioned above.
[0089] In some examples, the communication device 402 may be an NR RAN node (e.g. a gNB, a relay, an IAB node) or a UE. For example, the communication device 402 may be the terminal device 320, the network device 330, or the assisting node 340 as shown in FIG. 3. For example, the PSI report may be conveyed in physical signalling, MAC signalling, or RRC signalling. For example, the PSI report may be further transmitted (or forwarded or transferred) from the communication device 402 to a core network function, e.g. to a 5GC entity such as an AIF or an AMF which is used to support the service of the A-IoT device 401.
[0090] In some other examples, the communication device 402 may be a core network function. For example, the communication device 402 may be a 5GC entity such as an AIF or an AMF which is used to support the service of the A-IoT device 401. For example, the PSI report may be conveyed in non-access stratum (NAS) signalling.
[0091] In some example embodiments, the PSI report may include a power stability indication. In some examples, the power stability indication may indicate whether power supply of the A-IoT device 401 is stable. In some examples, the power stability indication may indicate whether the power / energy supply of the A-IoT device 401 is stable (or continuous) or not, in other words, whether power stability should be considered in the operation of the A-IoT device 401.
[0092] For example, if the power stability indication is included in the PSI report or if the power stability indication in the PSI report is indicated as true, then the communication device 402 may consider that the A-IoT device 401 has discontinuous power / energy supply, i.e., the A-IoT device 401 may be out of power in some conditions. Otherwise, if the power stability indication is not included in the PSI report (i.e., the power stability indication is not received by the communication device 402) or if the power stability indication in the PSI report is indicated as false, then the communication device 402 may consider that the A-IoT device 401 has continuous power / energy supply. In other words, the power stability indication may be omitted from the PSI report which indicates that the power supply is stable (or continuous) .
[0093] In some examples, the communication device 402 may determine that the power supply is unstable (or discontinuous) if the power stability indication is included in the PSI report or if the power stability indication in the PSI report is indicated as true, in addition, the communication device 402 may further determine that the A-IoT device 401 is out of power or switched off at least based on the power stability indication if one of the followings met: a connection between the A-IoT device 401 and the communication device 402 is failed, a connection between the A-IoT device 401 and the communication device 402 is unable to be established, no response is received from the A-IoT device 401 after a transmission, or a time length without any transmission from the A-IoT device 401 exceeds a predefined time length threshold. For example, if the connection between the A-IoT device 401 and the communication device 402 is failed, or the communication device 402 cannot establish a connection with the A-IoT device 401, or the A-IoT device 401 has no response to a transmission (e.g., paging) from the communication device 402, or the A-IoT device 401 has not transmitted any signal to the communication device 402 for a long time (e.g., exceed a predefined time length threshold) , and if the A-IoT device 401 has sent the power stability indication (optionally, and power stability the indication is true) , then the communication device 402 may consider that the A-IoT device 401 may be out of power / energy supply, or the A-IoT device 401 may be switched off.
[0094] In some example embodiments, the PSI report may indicate a type of ambient power for energy harvesting of the A-IoT device 401. In some examples, the ambient power may be a source for energy harvesting, and the PSI report may include an ambient power type. For example, it may indicate the type of ambient power directly, e.g., one of solar energy, light, radio wave, thermal energy, mechanical vibration. For example, there may be multiple (i.e., two or more) sets of types, each set includes one or more types. For instance, a set of types may also be called as a group of types, a category of types, or the like. For example, a first set of types may be associated with a first category of ambient power, e.g., discontinuous / unstable power which may include solar, and undedicated radio wave, etc. For example, a second set of types may be associated with a second category of ambient power, e.g., continuous / stable power which may include artificial light, thermal energy, etc. For example, a third set or typed may be associated with a third category of ambient power, e.g., rechargeable or replaceable battery.
[0095] In some examples, the PSI report may include a value indicating the corresponding set of types, for example, a first value indicating that the type of the ambient power is one of a first set of types, or a second value indicating that the type of the ambient power is one of a second set of types.
[0096] In some example embodiments, the PSI report may indicate a time duration for the power stability indication and / or the type of the ambient power. In some example embodiments, the PSI report may include time information which is explicit information of the time duration or implicit information of the time duration.
[0097] In some examples, the PSI report may further indicate a time duration during which the power supply of the A-IoT device 401 is unstable (or discontinuous) . In other words, the A-IoT device 401 may run out of power / energy or may switch off in a time instance within the time duration, or the power supply will be unstable (or discontinuous) in the time duration, or the ambient power will be unavailable in the time duration. In some other examples, the PSI report may further indicate a time duration during which the power supply of the A-IoT device 401 is stable (or continuous) . In other words, the A-IoT device 401 may have sufficient power / energy storage within the time duration, or the power supply will be stable (or continuous) in the time duration, or the ambient power will be available in the time duration.
[0098] In some examples, if a type of ambient power is indicated by the PSI report, then the PSI report may further indicate a time duration during which the power supply with the type is available (or unavailable) . In other words, the ambient power with the type will be unavailable (or available) in the time duration.
[0099] In some examples, the time duration may be indicated by explicit time duration information, e.g., from 7: 00 to 18: 00, from a hyper frame N1 to a hyper frame N2. In some other examples, the time duration may be indicated by implicit time duration information, for example, the communication device 402 may derive the time duration based on the implicit time duration information and the type of ambient power. For example, if the type of ambient power is solar energy, then the communication device 402 may derive (or determine) that the power supply may be unstable in the night.
[0100] In some examples, the PSI report may further indicate a periodicity (optionally, with an offset) of the time duration. For example, the periodicity may be M days, M weeks, M hyper frames, etc., where M is an integer. For example, the stable time duration (or the unstable time duration) may appear once in each period with an offset.
[0101] In some example embodiments, the PSI report may further indicate a valid time length for at least one of: the power stability indication, the type of the ambient power, or the time duration. In some examples, the valid time length may be a validation duration of, e.g., the power stability indication, the type of the ambient power, or the time duration. In some examples, the valid time length may include multiple time units (such as seconds, minutes, hours, days, frames, hyper frames, etc. ) . For example, one or more of the power stability indication, the type of the ambient power, or the time duration will be valid within the valid time length (i.e., the validation duration) . In some examples, the PSI report may does not include the valid time length, that is, the valid time length is absent, in this case, one or more of the power stability indication, the type of the ambient power, or the time duration discussed above (in the PSI report) will be valid until a new PSI report is received by the communication device 402, it is understood that the new PSI report may include a new validation duration.
[0102] With reference to FIG. 4, in the process 400, the communication device 402 performs 430 a management for the A-IoT device 401 based on the report 422, e.g. the PSI report. In some example embodiments, the communication device 402 may use the received PSI report to manage the A-IoT device 401 or determine the configuration for the A-IoT device 401.
[0103] In some examples, the communication device 402 may configure a power saving mode for the A-IoT device 401, e.g., in a time duration during which the power supply is unstable or the ambient power is unavailable. In some examples, when a connection to A-IoT device 401 is not stable or is to be failed or has failed, the communication device 402 may forward (or inform, notify, transmit) part or all information in the PSI report to another core network function such as an AF.
[0104] As such, the communication device 402 may obtain information about the power stability of the A-IoT device 401, and thus the management and configuration for the A-IoT device 401 can be optimized. In other words, the power stability information in the PSI report may be used for the management of the A-IoT device 401 and / or optimization of the configuration of a communication of the A-IoT device 401.
[0105] In some implementations, the report may be a power status report, it is to be understood that the power status report may also be called as a power status message, a power status notification, an energy status report, or the like, the present disclosure does not limit this aspect. In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device 401 is capable to report its power status via a BL to the communication deice 402.
[0106] In some example embodiments, the power status report may at least provide the current status (or the changing) of the energy storage of the A-IoT device 401 or the ambient power for energy harvesting. In some example embodiments, the power status report may be a one-shot report which is used to inform the communication deice 402 the change of the power status of the A-IoT device 401.
[0107] In some example embodiments, the power status report includes power related information which may be regarded as, or may be called as, or may include, or may be included in power status information.
[0108] In some example embodiments, the communication device 402 may transmit a request for the power status report (a power status request) to the A-IoT device 401, and the A-IoT device 401 further transmit the power status report to the communication device 402 in response to the power status request. For example, the power status request may be transmitted from the communication device 402 to the A-IoT device 401 via an FL. In some examples, the power status request may be transmitted periodically. In some examples, the power status request may be multi-cast or broadcast.
[0109] In some other example embodiments, the A-IoT device 401 may determine whether one or more predefined conditions are fulfilled. In some examples, one or more predefined conditions are defined for triggering the power status report. In some examples, when one of the one or more predefined conditions are is met, the A-IoT device 401 may report its power status to the communication device 402 via a BL. In some examples, the one or more predefined conditions may be referred to as one or more events, one or more trigger conditions, one or more trigger events for reporting a power status, or the like, the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0110] In some examples, the one of the one or more predefined conditions may include: the ambient power for the A-IoT device 401 becomes unavailable, or the ambient power for the A-IoT device 401 becomes available. For example, if the power status of the A-IoT device 401 is changed, e.g., the ambient power becomes unavailable or the ambient power becomes available again, the A-IoT device 401 may initiate the reporting of the power status.
[0111] In some examples, the one of the one or more predefined conditions may include: the remaining power of the A-IoT device 401 is lower than a first energy threshold, or the remaining power of the A-IoT device exceeds a second energy threshold. For example, if the remaining energy of battery is lower than a first energy threshold (optionally, meanwhile the ambient power is unavailable) , the A-IoT device 401 may initiate the reporting of the power status. For example, if the battery of the A-IoT device 401 is about to be exhausted (e.g., lower than a first energy threshold) , the A-IoT device 401 may initiate the reporting of the power status. For example, if the remaining energy of battery is higher than a second energy threshold (optionally, meanwhile the ambient power is unavailable) , the A-IoT device 401 may initiate the reporting of the power status. For example, the second energy threshold may be larger than or equal to the first energy threshold.
[0112] For example, if the remaining energy of battery is lower than A1 Joule, or higher than A2 Joule, the A-IoT device 401 may initiate the reporting of the power status. For example, if the remaining energy of battery can be used for performing communication for B1 times or for a time length B2 with reference setting of the communication, if B1 is smaller than a times threshold or B2 is smaller than a length threshold, then the A-IoT device 401 may initiate the reporting of the power status. For example, B2 is a time duration, e.g., several milliseconds, several slots, several sub-frames, etc. For example, the reference setting may include at least one of: bit rate, time duration, frequency resources, modulation and coding schemes, etc.
[0113] In some examples, the one of the one or more predefined conditions may include: energy harvesting is restarted. For example, if the battery is recharged (optionally, based on energy harvesting) or replaced, the A-IoT device 401 may initiate the reporting of the power status.
[0114] In some examples, the one of the one or more predefined conditions may include: a specific time duration expires. For example, the power status report may be transmitted periodically, and the A-IoT device 401 may initiate the reporting of the power status when a time duration equaling to the periodicity elapse. For example, a timer may be used, and the A-IoT device 401 may initiate the reporting of the power status when the timer is expired.
[0115] In some example embodiments, the power status report may be transmitted to the communication device 402, which may be a second device mentioned above.
[0116] In some examples, the communication device 402 may be an NR RAN node (e.g. a gNB, a relay, an IAB node) or a UE. For example, the communication device 402 may be the terminal device 320, the network device 330, or the assisting node 340 as shown in FIG. 3. For example, the power status report may be conveyed in physical signalling, MAC signalling, or RRC signalling. For example, the power status report may be further transmitted (or forwarded or transferred) from the communication device 402 to a core network function, e.g. to a 5GC entity such as an AIF or an AMF which is used to support the service of the A-IoT device 401.
[0117] In some other examples, the communication device 402 may be a core network function. For example, the communication device 402 may be a 5GC entity such as an AIF or an AMF which is used to support the service of the A-IoT device 401. For example, the power status report may be conveyed in non-access stratum (NAS) signalling.
[0118] In some example embodiments, the power status report may include first information indicating whether ambient power for the A-IoT device 401 is available. In some examples, the first information may indicate that the ambient power is unavailable, which may implicitly request to enter into a power saving mode. For example, the first information indicates that the ambient power has become unavailable, and it may imply that the A-IoT device 401 requests to start a power saving mode (e.g., the power saving mode includes backscattering based communication) . In some examples, the first information may indicate that the ambient power is available which may implicitly request to end the power saving mode. For example, the first information indicates that the ambient power has become available, and it may imply that the A-IoT device 401 requests to end a power saving mode (e.g., the power saving mode includes backscattering based communication) .
[0119] In some example embodiments, the power status report may include second information indicating a level of remaining power of the A-IoT device 401. In some examples, the second information indicates that the remaining power is lower than a first energy threshold which implicitly requests to enter into a power saving mode. For example, the second information may indicate that the power is running out, or is lower than a first energy threshold, and it may imply that the A-IoT device 401 requests to start a power saving mode (e.g., the power saving mode includes backscattering based communication) . In some examples, the second information indicates that the remaining power exceeds a second energy threshold (which may be higher than the first energy threshold) which implicitly requests to end the power saving mode. For example, the second information may indicate that the power is recharged to a high level, or is above a second energy threshold, and it may imply that the A-IoT device 401 requests to end a power saving mode (e.g., the power saving mode includes backscattering based communication) .
[0120] In some example embodiments, the power status report may include third information indicating whether the A-IoT device 401 is to be turned off. In some examples, the third information indicates that the A-IoT device is to be turned off after a transmission of the power status report or after a predefined time duration. For example, the third information may indicate that the battery is about to be exhausted and the A-IoT device 401 will be switched off (optionally, after the transmission which conveys the power status reporting, or after a preconfigured or predetermined time duration) . For example, the third information may indicate that the A-IoT device 401 has been switched on.
[0121] In some example embodiments, the power status report may include fourth information about one or more recently connected devices. In some examples, the fourth information may be last connected device or cell information.
[0122] For example, if the power status report includes third information indicating that the A-IoT device 401 is to be turned off, that is, “switch off” information is indicated in the power status report, then the last connected device or cell information may be further included in the power status report. For example, the fourth information may include a device ID or a cell ID which indicates a last connected device or a last connected / camped cell that the A-IoT device 401 is connected, camped on, or communicated before it transmits the power status report.
[0123] With reference to FIG. 4, in the process 400, the communication device 402 performs 430 a management for the A-IoT device 401 based on the report 422, e.g. the power status report. In some example embodiments, the communication device 402 may use the received power status report to adjust the configuration for the A-IoT device 401 timely.
[0124] In some examples, if the power status report indicates that the battery level is low or the ambient power is not available, the communication device 402 may configure the A-IoT device 401 into a deep-sleeping mode, and may configure the A-IoT device 401 to perform necessary transmission before its power has run out.
[0125] As such, the communication device 402 may obtain the up-to-date information about the power status of the A-IoT device 401, and thus the communication device 402 may take action (s) timely according to the report, in order to optimize the operation of the A-IoT device 401, or to avoid losing connection to the A-IoT device 401.
[0126] It is to be understood that although the PSI report and the power status report are described separated above, in some example embodiments, both the PSI report and the power status report may be transmitted by the A-IoT device 401. For example, the PSI report may be transmitted based on a PSI request from the communication device 402, and the power status report may be transmitted periodically. For example, the PSI report may be transmitted to a core network function such as the AIF, and the power status report may be transmitted to the terminal device or the network device.
[0127] FIG. 5A illustrates an example process 510 for reporting PSI. As shown in FIG. 5A, the process 510 involves the A-IoT device 310 and a second device 515 which may be one of the terminal device 320 (such as a UE) , the network device 330 (such as a gNB) , the assisting node 340 (such as a relay) , or the core network function 350 (such as the AIF) in FIG. 3. At 511, the second device 515 may transmit a PSI request to the A-IoT device 310; and at 512, the A-IoT device 310 may transmit the PSI to the second device 515.
[0128] FIG. 5B illustrates an example process 520 for reporting PSI. As shown in FIG. 5B, the process 520 involves the A-IoT device 310, a second device 525 which may be the terminal device 320 (such as a UE) or the assisting node 340 (such as a relay) in FIG. 3, and a further device 526 which may be the network device 330 (such as a gNB) or the core network function 350 (such as the AIF) in FIG. 3. At 521, the second device 525 may transmit a PSI request to the A-IoT device 310; and at 522, the A-IoT device 310 may transmit the PSI to the second device 525; and in addition the second device 525 may forward the PSI to the further device 526 at 523.
[0129] FIG. 5C illustrates an example process 530 for reporting power status. As shown in FIG. 5C, the process 530 involves the A-IoT device 310 and a second device 515 which may be one of the terminal device 320 (such as a UE) , the network device 330 (such as a gNB) , the assisting node 340 (such as a relay) , or the core network function 350 (such as the AIF) in FIG. 3. At 531, the second device 515 may transmit a power status request to the A-IoT device 310; and at 532, the A-IoT device 310 may transmit the power status report to the second device 515.
[0130] FIG. 5D illustrates an example process 540 for reporting power status. As shown in FIG. 5D, the process 540 involves the A-IoT device 310, a second device 525 which may be the terminal device 320 (such as a UE) or the assisting node 340 (such as a relay) in FIG. 3, and a further device 526 which may be the network device 330 (such as a gNB) or the core network function 350 (such as the AIF) in FIG. 3. At 541, the second device 525 may transmit a power status request to the A-IoT device 310; and at 542, the A-IoT device 310 may transmit the power status report to the second device 525; and in addition the second device 525 may forward the power status report to the further device 526 at 543.
[0131] According to some example embodiments with reference to FIGS. 4-5D, a PSI report and / or a power status report may be transmitted from the A-IoT device to the communication device. As such, the communication device 402 may perform a management for the A-IoT device 401, e.g., configuration information for the A-IoT device may be optimized or updated.
[0132] FIG. 6A illustrates an example schematic 600 of an A-IoT device with a power amplifier in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6A, the A-IoT device may have a power amplifier (PA) 601. In some examples, the PA 601 may be used, for example, the signal may be amplified before transmission, where the amplifier gain can be adjustable to control the output power. In some examples, the PA 601 may not be used, for example, there may be one or more switches (such as the switch 602 shown in FIG. 6A) so that the A-IoT device may determine whether to use the PA 601. As shown in FIG. 6A, the A-IoT device may have the capability of switching between backscattering transmission and independent signal generation (i.e., non-backscattering transmission) . In some examples, the A-IoT device may use backscattering transmission, for example, the BL signal is generated based on the received CW signal. In some examples, the A-IoT device may use independent signal generation, for example, a local oscillator (LO) is used to generate the carrier wave for the BL signal generation. For example, there may be one or more switches (such as the switch 603 shown in FIG. 6A) so that the A-IoT device may determine whether to use backscattering transmission (e.g., by switching to the branch of received CW) or independent signal generation (e.g., by switching to the branch of LO) .
[0133] FIG. 6B illustrates an example process 610 for reporting capability information in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 610 may involve an A-IoT device 401 and a communication device 402, for example, the A-IoT device 401 may be the A-IoT device 310 as shown in FIG. 3, and the communication device 402 may be the terminal device 320, the network device 330, the assisting node 340, or the core network function 350 as shown in FIG. 3. It would be appreciated that the process 610 may be applied to other communication scenarios, which will not be described in detail.
[0134] In the process 610, the A-IoT device 401 transmits 611 capability information 612 of the A-IoT device 401 to the communication device 402. Accordingly, the communication device 402 receives 613 the capability information 612. As such, the communication device 402 may be aware of the capability information of the A-IoT device 401.
[0135] In some implementations, the capability information 612 may indicate whether the A-IoT device 401 supports switching between the backscattering communication and an independent signal generation. In some example embodiments, the capability information 612 may further indicate at least one supported manner for the switching.
[0136] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device 401 may support both the backscattering communication and the independent signal generation. In some examples, the A-IoT device 401 is capable to switch between the backscattering communication and the independent signal generation, and the capability information 612 may include a first indication indicating that the A-IoT device 401 supports switching between the backscattering communication and the independent signal generation.
[0137] In some examples, the at least one supported manner may include a dynamic switch and / or a non-dynamic switch. For example, the dynamic switch means the switch may need a relatively short time duration, e.g., it may be configured by PHY / MAC signaling. For example, the non-dynamic switch means the switch may consume a relatively long duration, e.g., it is not suitable to be configured by PHY / MAC layer signaling.
[0138] In some implementations, the capability information 612 may indicate whether the A-IoT device 401 supports an adjustment of a power amplifier. In some example embodiments, the adjustment of the power amplifier may include an adjustment between the power amplifier being applied and the power amplifier being not applied, and / or an adjustment of gain for the power amplifier.
[0139] In some examples, the A-IoT device 401 may be capable to switch between the PA applied and the PA not applied. For example, with reference to FIG. 6A, there may be two switches for supporting that the A-IoT device 401 may change between the PA applied and the PA not applied. For example, when the PA is not applied (or used) , the power control may rely on the control of transmission power of the CW.
[0140] In some examples, in case the PA is applied (or used) , the gain may be adjusted, that is, an amplifier gain is adjustable.
[0141] In some implementations, the capability information 612 may indicate whether the A-IoT device 401 supports a transition among various device types. In some examples, the A-IoT device 401 may be capable to switch between any two of the three device types: type A, type B, and type C.
[0142] In addition or alternatively, the communication device 402 may determine configuration information for the A-IoT device 401 based on the capability information 612.
[0143] Reference is further made to FIG. 7A, which illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process 700 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 700 may involve an A-IoT device 401 and a communication device 402, for example, the A-IoT device 401 may be the A-IoT device 310 as shown in FIG. 3, and the communication device 402 may be the terminal device 320, the network device 330, the assisting node 340, or the core network function 350 as shown in FIG. 3. It would be appreciated that the process 700 may be applied to other communication scenarios, which will not be described in detail.
[0144] In the process 700, the A-IoT device 401 determines 710 assistance information. In addition, the A-IoT device 401 transmits 720 the assistance information 722 to the communication device 402. Accordingly, the communication device 402 receives 724 the assistance information.
[0145] In addition or alternatively, the A-IoT device 401 may transmit capability information to the communication device 402. For details on the capability information, the discussion with reference to FIG. 6B may be referred to, and thus will not be repeated herein.
[0146] In some implementations, the assistance information may be included in a report, a message, a notification, signalling, or the like, the present disclosure does not limit this aspect. In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device 401 may transmit the assistance information 722 via a BL to the communication deice 402. In some example embodiments, the assistance information may be called as assistance information of power stability, and may be associated with a preferred working mode of the A-IoT device 401. For example, the assistance information may at least provide a preference of working mode (or power saving mode) .
[0147] In some example embodiments, the communication device 402 may transmit a request for the assistance information (an assistance information request) to the A-IoT device 401, and the A-IoT device 401 further transmit the assistance information to the communication device 402 in response to the assistance information request. For example, the assistance information request may be transmitted from the communication device 402 to the A-IoT device 401 via an FL.
[0148] In some other example embodiments, the A-IoT device 401 may determine whether a predefined condition is fulfilled. In some examples, the predefined condition is defined for triggering a report of the assistance information. In some examples, when the redefined condition is met, the A-IoT device 401 may report its assistance information to the communication device 402 via a BL. In some examples, the predefined condition may be referred to as an event, a trigger condition, a trigger event for reporting assistance information, or the like, the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0149] In some examples, the predefined condition may include a change of a working mode of the A-IoT device 401. For example, in case the working mode is changed, the A-IoT device 401 may initiate reporting of the assistance information.
[0150] In some example embodiments, the assistance information may be transmitted to the communication device 402, which may be a second device mentioned above.
[0151] In some examples, the communication device 402 may be an NR RAN node (e.g. a gNB, a relay, an IAB node) or a UE. For example, the communication device 402 may be the terminal device 320, the network device 330, or the assisting node 340 as shown in FIG. 3. For example, the assistance information may be conveyed in physical signalling, MAC signalling, or RRC signalling. For example, the assistance information may be further transmitted (or forwarded or transferred) from the communication device 402 to a core network function, e.g. to a 5GC entity such as an AIF or an AMF which is used to support the service of the A-IoT device 401.
[0152] In some other examples, the communication device 402 may be a core network function. For example, the communication device 402 may be a 5GC entity such as an AIF or an AMF which is used to support the service of the A-IoT device 401. For example, the assistance information may be conveyed in NAS signalling.
[0153] In some example embodiments, the assistance information may include a preference on a transmission mode associated with a preferred working mode of the A-IoT device. In some examples, the preference on the transmission mode may indicate one or more of: whether the backscattering communication is used, whether the independent signal generation is used, or a device type of the A-IoT device 401. For example, the preference on transmission mode may indicate whether the backscattering communication or the non-backscattering communication (i.e., the independent signal generation) is used. For example, the preference on transmission mode may indicate at least one of the three device types: type A, type B, and type C.
[0154] In some implementations, the assistance information may include a preference on time domain information associated with the preferred working mode. In some example embodiments, the preference on time domain power saving mode may be indicated. For example, the preference on time domain information may indicate at least one of: a continuous reception, a discontinuous reception (DRX) , or a discontinuous transmission (DTX) . For example, the preference on time domain information may indicate a cycle length of DRX or DTX.
[0155] In some implementations, the assistance information may include a preference on power domain information associated with the preferred working mode. In some example embodiments, the preference on power domain power saving mode may be indicated. For example, the preference on power domain information may indicate: a maximum configured transmitting power for a BL transmission, and / or a maximum configured power amplifier gain for the BL transmission. For example, the preference on power domain information may indicate whether a power amplifier is applied.
[0156] With reference to FIG. 7A, in the process 700, the communication device 402 determines 730 to accept the assistance information 722, or to generate configuration information based on the assistance information 722.
[0157] In some implementations, the communication device 402 may determine whether the assistance information is accepted. In some implementations, the communication device 402 may further transmit a message to the A-IoT device 401, where the message may indicate that the assistance information is accepted or the message may include configuration information which is determined based on the assistance information.
[0158] In some examples, the communication device 402 may use the assistance information to adjust the configuration for the A-IoT device 401 timely. For example, if the assistance information indicates that the A-IoT device 401 prefers to use a backscattering communication, then the communication device 402may consider to accept the preference and transmit configuration information to the A-IoT device 401.
[0159] In some examples, the communication device 402 may determine (or generate) configuration information of power saving mode or working mode based on the assistance information, and then transmit the configuration information to the A-IoT device 401.
[0160] For example, the configuration information may indicate to the A-IoT device 401 a configuration of power saving mode or working mode, which is similar with that included in the assistance information 722. For example, the configuration information may indicate to the A-IoT device 401 that the reported preference is accepted (or permitted) or not accepted (or not permitted) .
[0161] As such, the A-IoT device 401 may report its preference on the power saving mode or working mode to the communication device 402, e.g., based on its status of battery or the ambient power, and the communication device 402 may take action to optimize the operation of the A-IoT device 401, or to avoid losing connection to the A-IoT device 401.
[0162] FIG. 7B illustrates an example process 750 for reporting assistance information. As shown in FIG. 7B, the process 750 involves the A-IoT device 310 and a second device 515 which may be one of the terminal device 320 (such as a UE) , the network device 330 (such as a gNB) , the assisting node 340 (such as a relay) , or the core network function 350 (such as the AIF) in FIG. 3. At 751, the second device 515 may transmit an assistance information request to the A-IoT device 310; and at 752, the A-IoT device 310 may transmit the assistance information to the second device 515.
[0163] FIG. 7C illustrates an example process 760 for reporting assistance information. As shown in FIG. 5B, the process 760 involves the A-IoT device 310, a second device 525 which may be the terminal device 320 (such as a UE) or the assisting node 340 (such as a relay) in FIG. 3, and a further device 526 which may be the network device 330 (such as a gNB) or the core network function 350 (such as the AIF) in FIG. 3. At 761, the second device 525 may transmit an assistance information request to the A-IoT device 310; and at 762, the A-IoT device 310 may transmit the assistance information to the second device 525; and in addition the second device 525 may forward the assistance information to the further device 526 at 763.
[0164] According to some embodiments with reference to FIGS. 7A-7C, the assistance information may be transmitted from the A-IoT device to the communication device. As such, the communication device may accept the assistance information or determine configuration information for the A-IoT device.
[0165] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 800 implemented at an A-IoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the A-IoT device which may perform the method 800 can be the A-IoT device 310 or the A-IoT device 401 mentioned above.
[0166] At block 810, the A-IoT device determines power related information of the A-IoT device, where the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability, and the power related information of the A-IoT device indicates a power stability indication associated with the energy harvesting capability. At block 820, the A-IoT device transmits, to a communication device, a report comprising the power related information of the A-IoT device.
[0167] In some example embodiments, the report is a PSI report, and the power related information comprises at least one of: the power stability indication indicating whether power supply for the A-IoT device is stable, a type of ambient power for energy harvesting of the A-IoT device, a time duration for the power stability indication and / or the type of the ambient power, a periodicity for the time duration, or a valid time length for at least one of: the power stability indication, the type of the ambient power, or the time duration.
[0168] In some example embodiments, the power stability indication is omitted in the PSI report which indicates that the power supply for the A-IoT device is not stable or continuous.
[0169] In some example embodiments, the power related information comprises: a first value indicating that the type of the ambient power is one of a first set of types, or a second value indicating that the type of the ambient power is one of a second set of types.
[0170] In some example embodiments, the type of the ambient power is one of: solar energy, light, radio wave, thermal energy, mechanical vibration.
[0171] In some example embodiments, the time duration indicates one of: the power supply for the A-IoT device is unstable within the time duration, or the ambient power with the type is unavailable within the time duration,
[0172] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device generates the PSI report based on at least one of: a capability of the A-IoT device, or a deployment environment.
[0173] In some example embodiments, the power related information in the PSI report is static or semi-persistent.
[0174] In some example embodiments, if at least one predefined condition is fulfilled, the A-IoT device transmits the PSI report to the communication device via a BL.
[0175] In some example embodiments, the at least one predefined condition comprises: a transmission is received from the communication device, and the transmission is used for configuring an FL and / or the BL between the A-IoT device and the communication device, or a further cell is selected or accessed by the A-IoT device.
[0176] In some example embodiments, the at least one predefined condition comprises: a specific BL transmission to the communication device is to be performed, where the specific BL transmission is one of: a first BL transmission, a last BL transmission, a Nth BL transmission.
[0177] In some example embodiments, the PSI report is transmitted together with or included in the specific BL transmission.
[0178] In some example embodiments, the report is a power status report, and the power related information comprises at least one of: first information indicating whether ambient power for the A-IoT device is available, second information indicating a level of remaining power of the A-IoT device, third information indicating whether the A-IoT device is to be turned off, or fourth information about one or more recently connected devices.
[0179] In some example embodiments, the first information indicates that the ambient power is unavailable which implicitly requests to enter into a power saving mode, or the first information indicates that the ambient power is available which implicitly requests to end the power saving mode.
[0180] In some example embodiments, the second information indicates that the remaining power is lower than a first energy threshold which implicitly requests to enter into a power saving mode, or the second information indicates that the remaining power exceeds a second energy threshold which implicitly requests to end the power saving mode.
[0181] In some example embodiments, the third information indicates that the A-IoT device is to be turned off after a transmission of the power status report or after a predefined time duration.
[0182] In some example embodiments, if one or more predefined conditions are fulfilled, the A-IoT device transmits the power status report to the communication device via a BL.
[0183] In some example embodiments, the one or more predefined conditions comprise at least one of: the ambient power for the A-IoT device becomes unavailable, the ambient power for the A-IoT device becomes available, the remaining power of the A-IoT device is lower than a first energy threshold, the remaining power of the A-IoT device exceeds a second energy threshold, energy harvesting is restarted, or a specific time duration expires.
[0184] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device receives, from the communication device via an FL, a request for the report; and transmits, to the communication device via a BL, the report in response to the request.
[0185] In some example embodiments, the communication device is a core network entity, and the report is comprised in NAS signalling.
[0186] In some example embodiments, the communication device is a terminal device or an access network node, and the report is comprised in one of: physical (PHY) signalling, medium access control (MAC) signalling, or radio resource control (RRC) signalling.
[0187] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 900 implemented at a communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the communication device which may perform the method 900 can be the communication device 402 mentioned above, which may be the A-IoT device 310 as shown in FIG. 3, and the communication device 402 may be the terminal device 320, the network device 330, the assisting node 340, or the core network function 350 as shown in FIG. 3.
[0188] At block 910, the communication device receives, from an A-IoT device, a report comprising power related information of the A-IoT device, where the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability, and the power related information of the A-IoT device indicates a power stability indication associated with the energy harvesting capability. At block 920, the communication device performs a management for the A-IoT device based on the report.
[0189] In some example embodiments, the communication device transmits, to a core network function, part or all of the report for the core network function to configure the A-IoT device.
[0190] In some example embodiments, the communication device updates configuration information for a transmission of the A-IoT device based on the report.
[0191] In some example embodiments, the report is a PSI report, and the power related information comprises at least one of: the power stability indication indicating whether power supply for the A-IoT device is stable, a type of ambient power for energy harvesting of the A-IoT device, a time duration for the power stability indication and / or the type of the ambient power, a periodicity for the time duration, or a valid time length for at least one of: the power stability indication, the type of the ambient power, or the time duration.
[0192] In some example embodiments, the power stability indication being omitted in the PSI report which indicates that the power supply for the A-IoT device is not stable or continuous.
[0193] In some example embodiments, the power related information comprises: a first value indicating that the type of the ambient power is one of a first set of types, or a second value indicating that the type of the ambient power is one of a second set of types.
[0194] In some example embodiments, the type of the ambient power is one of: solar energy, light, radio wave, thermal energy, mechanical vibration.
[0195] In some example embodiments, the time duration indicates one of: the power supply for the A-IoT device is unstable within the time duration, or the ambient power with the type is unavailable within the time duration,
[0196] In some example embodiments, the power related information in the PSI report is static or semi-persistent.
[0197] In some example embodiments, the PSI report is transmitted together with or included in a specific BL transmission, where the specific BL transmission to the communication device is to be performed, where the specific BL transmission is one of: a first BL transmission, a last BL transmission, a Nth BL transmission.
[0198] In some example embodiments, if the power stability indication indicates that the power supply for the A-IoT device is not stable, the communication device determines that the A-IoT device is out of power or switched off based on at least one of: a connection between the A-IoT device and the communication device is failed, a connection between the A-IoT device and the communication device is unable to be established, no response is received from the A-IoT device after a transmission, or a time length without any transmission from the A-IoT device exceeds a predefined time length threshold.
[0199] In some example embodiments, the report is a power status report, and the power related information comprises at least one of: first information indicating whether ambient power for the A-IoT device is available, second information indicating a level of remaining power of the A-IoT device, third information indicating whether the A-IoT device is to be turned off, or fourth information about one or more recently connected devices.
[0200] In some example embodiments, the first information indicates that the ambient power is unavailable which implicitly requests to enter into a power saving mode, or the first information indicates that the ambient power is available which implicitly requests to end the power saving mode.
[0201] In some example embodiments, the second information indicates that the remaining power is lower than a first energy threshold which implicitly requests to enter into a power saving mode, or the second information indicates that the remaining power exceeds a second energy threshold which implicitly requests to end the power saving mode.
[0202] In some example embodiments, the third information indicates that the A-IoT device is to be turned off after a transmission of the power status report or after a predefined time duration.
[0203] In some example embodiments, the communication device transmits, to the A-IoT device via an FL, a request for the report; and receives, from the A-IoT device via a BL, the report in response to the request.
[0204] In some example embodiments, the communication device is a core network entity, and the report is comprised in NAS signalling.
[0205] In some example embodiments, the communication device is a terminal device or an access network node, and the report is comprised in one of: PHY signalling, MAC signalling, or RRC signalling.
[0206] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 1000 implemented at an A-IoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the A-IoT device which may perform the method 1000 can be the A-IoT device 310 or the A-IoT device 401 mentioned above.
[0207] At block 1010, the A-IoT device determines assistance information related to power of the A-IoT device, where the assistance information comprises a preference on a transmission mode associated with a preferred working mode of the A-IoT device indicating whether the backscattering communication is used, where the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability. At block 1020, the A-IoT device transmits, to a communication device, the assistance information.
[0208] In some example embodiments, the transmission mode further indicates at least one of: whether an independent signal generation is used, or a device type of the A-IoT device.
[0209] In some example embodiments, the assistance information further comprises at least one of: a preference on time domain information associated with the preferred working mode, or a preference on power domain information associated with the preferred working mode.
[0210] In some example embodiments, the preference on time domain information indicates at least one of: a continuous reception, a DRX, a DTX, or a cycle length of DRX or DTX.
[0211] In some example embodiments, the preference on power domain information indicates at least one of: a maximum configured transmitting power for a BL transmission, a maximum configured power amplifier gain for the BL transmission, or whether a power amplifier is applied.
[0212] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device transmits, to the communication device, capability information of the A-IoT device indicating at least one of: the A-IoT device supports switching between the backscattering communication and an independent signal generation, at least one supported manner for the switching, the A-IoT device supports an adjustment of a power amplifier, or the A-IoT device supports transition among various device types.
[0213] In some example embodiments, the adjustment of the power amplifier comprises at least one of: an adjustment between the power amplifier being applied and the power amplifier being not applied, or an adjustment of gain for the power amplifier.
[0214] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device receives, from the communication device, a message indicating that the assistance information is accepted or comprising configuration information which is determined based on the assistance information.
[0215] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device receives, from the communication device via an FL, a request for the assistance information; and transmits, to the communication device via a BL, the assistance information in response to the request.
[0216] In some example embodiments, the communication device is a core network entity, and the assistance information is comprised in NAS signalling.
[0217] In some example embodiments, the communication device is a terminal device or an access network node, and the report is comprised in one of: PHY signalling, MAC signalling, or RRC signalling.
[0218] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 1100 implemented at a communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the communication device which may perform the method 1100 can be the communication device 402 mentioned above, which may be the A-IoT device 310 as shown in FIG. 3, and the communication device 402 may be the terminal device 320, the network device 330, the assisting node 340, or the core network function 350 as shown in FIG. 3.
[0219] At block 1110, the communication device receives, from an A-IoT device, assistance information related to power of the A-IoT device, where the assistance information comprises a preference on a transmission mode associated with a preferred working mode of the A-IoT device indicating whether the backscattering communication is used, where the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability. At block 1120, the communication device determines to accept the assistance information or to generate configuration information based on the assistance information.
[0220] In some example embodiments, the transmission mode further indicates at least one of: whether an independent signal generation is used, or a device type of the A-IoT device.
[0221] In some example embodiments, the assistance information further comprises at least one of: a preference on time domain information associated with the preferred working mode, or a preference on power domain information associated with the preferred working mode.
[0222] In some example embodiments, the preference on time domain information indicates at least one of: a continuous reception, a DRX, a DTX, or a cycle length of DRX or DTX.
[0223] In some example embodiments, the preference on power domain information indicates at least one of: a maximum configured transmitting power for a BL transmission, a maximum configured power amplifier gain for the BL transmission, or whether a power amplifier is suggested to be applied.
[0224] In some example embodiments, the communication device receives, from the A-IoT device, capability information of the A-IoT device indicating at least one of: the A-IoT device supports switching between the backscattering communication and an independent signal generation, at least one supported manner for the switching, the A-IoT device supports an adjustment of a power amplifier, or the A-IoT device supports transition among various device types.
[0225] In some example embodiments, the adjustment of the power amplifier comprises at least one of: an adjustment between the power amplifier being applied and the power amplifier being not applied, or an adjustment of gain for the power amplifier.
[0226] In some example embodiments, the communication device determines whether the assistance information is accepted; and transmits, to the A-IoT device, a message indicating that the assistance information is accepted or comprising configuration information which is determined based on the assistance information.
[0227] In some example embodiments, the communication device transmits, to the A-IoT device via an FL, a request for the assistance information; and receives, from the A-IoT device via a BL, the assistance information in response to the request.
[0228] In some example embodiments, the communication device is a core network entity, and the assistance information is comprised in NAS signalling.
[0229] In some example embodiments, the communication device is a terminal device or an access network device, and the report is comprised in one of: PHY signalling, MAC signalling, or RRC signalling.
[0230] Details of some embodiments according to the present disclosure have been described with reference to FIGS. 3-11. Now an example implementation of the A-IoT device and the communication device will be discussed below.
[0231] In some example embodiments, an A-IoT device comprises circuitry configured to: determine power related information of the A-IoT device, where the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability, and the power related information of the A-IoT device indicates a power stability indication associated with the energy harvesting capability; and transmit, to a communication device, a report comprising the power related information of the A-IoT device.
[0232] In some example embodiments, the report is a PSI report, and the power related information comprises at least one of: the power stability indication indicating whether power supply for the A-IoT device is stable, a type of ambient power for energy harvesting of the A-IoT device, a time duration for the power stability indication and / or the type of the ambient power, a periodicity for the time duration, or a valid time length for at least one of: the power stability indication, the type of the ambient power, or the time duration.
[0233] In some example embodiments, the power stability indication is omitted in the PSI report which indicates that the power supply for the A-IoT device is not stable or continuous.
[0234] In some example embodiments, the power related information comprises: a first value indicating that the type of the ambient power is one of a first set of types, or a second value indicating that the type of the ambient power is one of a second set of types.
[0235] In some example embodiments, the type of the ambient power is one of: solar energy, light, radio wave, thermal energy, mechanical vibration.
[0236] In some example embodiments, the time duration indicates one of: the power supply for the A-IoT device is unstable within the time duration, or the ambient power with the type is unavailable within the time duration,
[0237] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device comprises circuitry configured to: generate the PSI report based on at least one of: a capability of the A-IoT device, or a deployment environment.
[0238] In some example embodiments, the power related information in the PSI report is static or semi-persistent.
[0239] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device comprises circuitry configured to: if at least one predefined condition is fulfilled, transmit the PSI report to the communication device via a BL.
[0240] In some example embodiments, the at least one predefined condition comprises: a transmission is received from the communication device, and the transmission is used for configuring an FL and / or the BL between the A-IoT device and the communication device, or a further cell is selected or accessed by the A-IoT device.
[0241] In some example embodiments, the at least one predefined condition comprises: a specific BL transmission to the communication device is to be performed, where the specific BL transmission is one of: a first BL transmission, a last BL transmission, a Nth BL transmission.
[0242] In some example embodiments, the PSI report is transmitted together with or included in the specific BL transmission.
[0243] In some example embodiments, the report is a power status report, and where the power related information comprises at least one of: first information indicating whether ambient power for the A-IoT device is available, second information indicating a level of remaining power of the A-IoT device, third information indicating whether the A-IoT device is to be turned off, or fourth information about one or more recently connected devices.
[0244] In some example embodiments, the first information indicates that the ambient power is unavailable which implicitly requests to enter into a power saving mode, or the first information indicates that the ambient power is available which implicitly requests to end the power saving mode.
[0245] In some example embodiments, the second information indicates that the remaining power is lower than a first energy threshold which implicitly requests to enter into a power saving mode, or the second information indicates that the remaining power exceeds a second energy threshold which implicitly requests to end the power saving mode.
[0246] In some example embodiments, the third information indicates that the A-IoT device is to be turned off after a transmission of the power status report or after a predefined time duration.
[0247] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device comprises circuitry configured to: if one or more predefined conditions are fulfilled, transmit the power status report to the communication device via a BL.
[0248] In some example embodiments, the one or more predefined conditions comprise at least one of: the ambient power for the A-IoT device becomes unavailable, the ambient power for the A-IoT device becomes available, the remaining power of the A-IoT device is lower than a first energy threshold, the remaining power of the A-IoT device exceeds a second energy threshold, energy harvesting is restarted, or a specific time duration expires.
[0249] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device comprises circuitry configured to: receive, from the communication device via an FL, a request for the report; and transmit, to the communication device via a BL, the report in response to the request.
[0250] In some example embodiments, the communication device is a core network entity, and the report is comprised in NAS signalling.
[0251] In some example embodiments, the communication device is a terminal device or an access network node, and the report is comprised in one of: PHY signalling, MAC signalling, or RRC signalling.
[0252] In some example embodiments, a communication device (such as a second device) comprises circuitry configured to: receive, from an A-IoT device, a report comprising power related information of the A-IoT device, where the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability, and the power related information of the A-IoT device indicates a power stability indication associated with the energy harvesting capability; and perform a management for the A-IoT device based on the report.
[0253] In some example embodiments, the communication device comprises circuitry configured to: transmit, to a core network function, part or all of the report for the core network function to configure the A-IoT device.
[0254] In some example embodiments, the communication device comprises circuitry configured to: update configuration information for a transmission of the A-IoT device based on the report.
[0255] In some example embodiments, the report is a PSI report, and the power related information comprises at least one of: the power stability indication indicating whether power supply for the A-IoT device is stable, a type of ambient power for energy harvesting of the A-IoT device, a time duration for the power stability indication and / or the type of the ambient power, a periodicity for the time duration, or a valid time length for at least one of: the power stability indication, the type of the ambient power, or the time duration.
[0256] In some example embodiments, the power stability indication being omitted in the PSI report which indicates that the power supply for the A-IoT device is not stable or continuous.
[0257] In some example embodiments, the power related information comprises: a first value indicating that the type of the ambient power is one of a first set of types, or a second value indicating that the type of the ambient power is one of a second set of types.
[0258] In some example embodiments, the type of the ambient power is one of: solar energy, light, radio wave, thermal energy, mechanical vibration.
[0259] In some example embodiments, the time duration indicates one of: the power supply for the A-IoT device is unstable within the time duration, or the ambient power with the type is unavailable within the time duration,
[0260] In some example embodiments, the power related information in the PSI report is static or semi-persistent.
[0261] In some example embodiments, the PSI report is transmitted together with or included in a specific BL transmission, where the specific BL transmission to the communication device is to be performed, where the specific BL transmission is one of: a first BL transmission, a last BL transmission, a Nth BL transmission.
[0262] In some example embodiments, the communication device comprises circuitry configured to: if the power stability indication indicates that the power supply for the A-IoT device is not stable, determine that the A-IoT device is out of power or switched off based on at least one of: a connection between the A-IoT device and the communication device is failed, a connection between the A-IoT device and the communication device is unable to be established, no response is received from the A-IoT device after a transmission, or a time length without any transmission from the A-IoT device exceeds a predefined time length threshold.
[0263] In some example embodiments, the report is a power status report, and the power related information comprises at least one of: first information indicating whether ambient power for the A-IoT device is available, second information indicating a level of remaining power of the A-IoT device, third information indicating whether the A-IoT device is to be turned off, or fourth information about one or more recently connected devices.
[0264] In some example embodiments, the first information indicates that the ambient power is unavailable which implicitly requests to enter into a power saving mode, or the first information indicates that the ambient power is available which implicitly requests to end the power saving mode.
[0265] In some example embodiments, the second information indicates that the remaining power is lower than a first energy threshold which implicitly requests to enter into a power saving mode, or the second information indicates that the remaining power exceeds a second energy threshold which implicitly requests to end the power saving mode.
[0266] In some example embodiments, the third information indicates that the A-IoT device is to be turned off after a transmission of the power status report or after a predefined time duration.
[0267] In some example embodiments, the communication device comprises circuitry configured to: transmit, to the A-IoT device via an FL, a request for the report; and receive, from the A-IoT device via a BL, the report in response to the request.
[0268] In some example embodiments, the communication device is a core network entity, and the report is comprised in NAS signalling.
[0269] In some example embodiments, the communication device is a terminal device or an access network node, and the report is comprised in one of: PHY signalling, MAC signalling, or RRC signalling.
[0270] In some example embodiments, an A-IoT device comprises circuitry configured to: determine assistance information related to power of the A-IoT device, wherein the assistance information comprises a preference on a transmission mode associated with a preferred working mode of the A-IoT device indicating whether the backscattering communication is used, wherein the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability; and transmit, to a communication device, the assistance information.
[0271] In some example embodiments, the transmission mode further indicates at least one of: whether an independent signal generation is used, or a device type of the A-IoT device.
[0272] In some example embodiments, the assistance information further comprises at least one of: a preference on time domain information associated with the preferred working mode, or a preference on power domain information associated with the preferred working mode.
[0273] In some example embodiments, the preference on time domain information indicates at least one of: a continuous reception, a DRX, a DTX, or a cycle length of DRX or DTX.
[0274] In some example embodiments, the preference on power domain information indicates at least one of: a maximum configured transmitting power for a BL transmission, a maximum configured power amplifier gain for the BL transmission, or whether a power amplifier is applied.
[0275] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device comprises circuitry configured to: transmit, to the communication device, capability information of the A-IoT device indicating at least one of: the A-IoT device supports switching between the backscattering communication and an independent signal generation, at least one supported manner for the switching, the A-IoT device supports an adjustment of a power amplifier, or the A-IoT device supports transition among various device types.
[0276] In some example embodiments, the adjustment of the power amplifier comprises at least one of: an adjustment between the power amplifier being applied and the power amplifier being not applied, or an adjustment of gain for the power amplifier.
[0277] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device the A-IoT device comprises circuitry configured to: receive, from the communication device, a message indicating that the assistance information is accepted or comprising configuration information which is determined based on the assistance information.
[0278] In some example embodiments, the A-IoT device the A-IoT device comprises circuitry configured to: receive, from the communication device via an FL, a request for the assistance information; and transmit, to the communication device via a BL, the assistance information in response to the request.
[0279] In some example embodiments, the communication device is a core network entity, and the assistance information is comprised in NAS signalling.
[0280] In some example embodiments, the communication device is a terminal device or an access network node, and the report is comprised in one of: PHY signalling, MAC signalling, or RRC signalling.
[0281] In some example embodiments, a communication device (such as a second device) comprises circuitry configured to: receive, from an A-IoT device, assistance information related to power of the A-IoT device, wherein the assistance information comprises a preference on a transmission mode associated with a preferred working mode of the A-IoT device indicating whether the backscattering communication is used, wherein the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability; and determine to accept the assistance information or to generate configuration information based on the assistance information.
[0282] In some example embodiments, the transmission mode further indicates at least one of: whether an independent signal generation is used, or a device type of the A-IoT device.
[0283] In some example embodiments, the assistance information further comprises at least one of: a preference on time domain information associated with the preferred working mode, or a preference on power domain information associated with the preferred working mode.
[0284] In some example embodiments, the preference on time domain information indicates at least one of: a continuous reception, a DRX, a DTX, or a cycle length of DRX or DTX.
[0285] In some example embodiments, the preference on power domain information indicates at least one of: a maximum configured transmitting power for a BL transmission, a maximum configured power amplifier gain for the BL transmission, or whether a power amplifier is suggested to be applied.
[0286] In some example embodiments, the communication device comprises circuitry configured to: receive, from the A-IoT device, capability information of the A-IoT device indicating at least one of: the A-IoT device supports switching between the backscattering communication and an independent signal generation, at least one supported manner for the switching, the A-IoT device supports an adjustment of a power amplifier, or the A-IoT device supports transition among various device types.
[0287] In some example embodiments, the adjustment of the power amplifier comprises at least one of: an adjustment between the power amplifier being applied and the power amplifier being not applied, or an adjustment of gain for the power amplifier.
[0288] In some example embodiments, the communication device comprises circuitry configured to: determine whether the assistance information is accepted; and transmit, to the A-IoT device, a message indicating that the assistance information is accepted or comprising configuration information which is determined based on the assistance information.
[0289] In some example embodiments, the communication device comprises circuitry configured to: transmit, to the A-IoT device via an FL, a request for the assistance information; and receive, from the A-IoT device via a BL, the assistance information in response to the request.
[0290] In some example embodiments, the communication device is a core network entity, and the assistance information is comprised in NAS signalling.
[0291] In some example embodiments, the communication device is a terminal device or an access network device, and the report is comprised in one of: PHY signalling, MAC signalling, or RRC signalling.
[0292] FIG. 12 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device 1200 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1200 can be considered as a further example implementation of the A-IoT device and the communication device as described above. Accordingly, the device 1200 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the A-IoT device or the communication device.
[0293] As shown, the device 1200 includes a processor 1210, a memory 1220 coupled to the processor 1210, a suitable transceiver 1240 coupled to the processor 1210, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1240. The memory 1220 stores at least a part of a program 1230. The transceiver 1240 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1240 may include at least one of a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter and the receiver may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver1240 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0294] The program 1230 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1210, enable the device 1200 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 3-11. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1210 of the device 1200, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1210 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1210 and memory 1220 may form processing means 1250 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0295] The memory 1220 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1220 is shown in the device 1200, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1200. The processor 1210 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1200 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0296] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure may provide the following solutions.
[0297] The present disclosure provides an A-IoT device, comprising at least one processor configured to cause the A-IoT device at least to: determine power related information of the A-IoT device, wherein the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability, and the power related information of the A-IoT device indicates a power stability indication associated with the energy harvesting capability; and transmit, to a communication device, a report comprising the power related information of the A-IoT device.
[0298] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the report is a power stability information (PSI) report, and wherein the power related information comprises at least one of: the power stability indication indicating whether power supply for the A-IoT device is stable, a type of ambient power for energy harvesting of the A-IoT device, a time duration for the power stability indication and / or the type of the ambient power, a periodicity for the time duration, or a valid time length for at least one of: the power stability indication, the type of the ambient power, or the time duration.
[0299] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the power stability indication is omitted in the PSI report which indicates that the power supply for the A-IoT device is not stable or continuous.
[0300] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the power related information comprises: a first value indicating that the type of the ambient power is one of a first set of types, or a second value indicating that the type of the ambient power is one of a second set of types.
[0301] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the type of the ambient power is one of:solar energy, light, radio wave, thermal energy, mechanical vibration.
[0302] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the time duration indicates one of: the power supply for the A-IoT device is unstable within the time duration, or the ambient power with the type is unavailable within the time duration,
[0303] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the A-IoT device to: generate the PSI report based on at least one of: a capability of the A-IoT device, or a deployment environment.
[0304] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the power related information in the PSI report is static or semi-persistent.
[0305] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the at least one processor is configured to cause the A-IoT device to transmit the PSI report by: in accordance with a determination that at least one predefined condition is fulfilled, transmitting the PSI report to the communication device via a backward link (BL) .
[0306] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the at least one predefined condition comprises: a transmission is received from the communication device, and the transmission is used for configuring a forward link (FL) and / or the BL between the A-IoT device and the communication device, or a further cell is selected or accessed by the A-IoT device.
[0307] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the at least one predefined condition comprises: a specific BL transmission to the communication device is to be performed, wherein the specific BL transmission is one of: a first BL transmission, a last BL transmission, a Nth BL transmission.
[0308] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the PSI report is transmitted together with or included in the specific BL transmission.
[0309] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the report is a power status report, and wherein the power related information comprises at least one of: first information indicating whether ambient power for the A-IoT device is available, second information indicating a level of remaining power of the A-IoT device, third information indicating whether the A-IoT device is to be turned off, or fourth information about one or more recently connected devices.
[0310] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the first information indicates that the ambient power is unavailable which implicitly requests to enter into a power saving mode, or the first information indicates that the ambient power is available which implicitly requests to end the power saving mode.
[0311] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the second information indicates that the remaining power is lower than a first energy threshold which implicitly requests to enter into a power saving mode, or the second information indicates that the remaining power exceeds a second energy threshold which implicitly requests to end the power saving mode.
[0312] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the third information indicates that the A-IoT device is to be turned off after a transmission of the power status report or after a predefined time duration.
[0313] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the at least one processor is configured to cause the A-IoT device to transmit the power status report by: in accordance with a determination that one or more predefined conditions are fulfilled, transmitting the power status report to the communication device via a BL.
[0314] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the one or more predefined conditions comprise at least one of: the ambient power for the A-IoT device becomes unavailable, the ambient power for the A-IoT device becomes available, the remaining power of the A-IoT device is lower than a first energy threshold, the remaining power of the A-IoT device exceeds a second energy threshold, energy harvesting is restarted, or a specific time duration expires.
[0315] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the at least one processor is configured to cause the A-IoT device to transmit the report by: receiving, from the communication device via a forward link (FL) , a request for the report; and transmitting, to the communication device via a BL, the report in response to the request.
[0316] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the communication device is a core network entity, and the report is comprised in non-access stratum (NAS) signalling.
[0317] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the communication device is a terminal device or an access network node, and the report is comprised in one of: physical (PHY) signalling, medium access control (MAC) signalling, or radio resource control (RRC) signalling.
[0318] The present disclosure provides a communication device, comprising at least one processor configured to cause the communication device at least to: receive, from an A-IoT device, a report comprising power related information of the A-IoT device, wherein the A- IoT device has an energy harvesting capability, and the power related information of the A-IoT device indicates a power stability indication associated with the energy harvesting capability; and perform a management for the A-IoT device based on the report.
[0319] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the communication device to: transmit, to a core network function, part or all of the report for the core network function to configure the A-IoT device.
[0320] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the at least one processor is configured to cause the communication device to perform a management for the A-IoT device by: updating configuration information for a transmission of the A-IoT device based on the report.
[0321] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the report is a PSI report, and wherein the power related information comprises at least one of: the power stability indication indicating whether power supply for the A-IoT device is stable, a type of ambient power for energy harvesting of the A-IoT device, a time duration for the power stability indication and / or the type of the ambient power, a periodicity for the time duration, or a valid time length for at least one of: the power stability indication, the type of the ambient power, or the time duration.
[0322] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the power stability indication being omitted in the PSI report which indicates that the power supply for the A-IoT device is not stable or continuous.
[0323] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the power related information comprises: a first value indicating that the type of the ambient power is one of a first set of types, or a second value indicating that the type of the ambient power is one of a second set of types.
[0324] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the type of the ambient power is one of: solar energy, light, radio wave, thermal energy, mechanical vibration.
[0325] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the time duration indicates one of: the power supply for the A-IoT device is unstable within the time duration, or the ambient power with the type is unavailable within the time duration,
[0326] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the power related information in the PSI report is static or semi-persistent.
[0327] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the PSI report is transmitted together with or included in a specific BL transmission, wherein the specific BL transmission to the communication device is to be performed, wherein the specific BL transmission is one of: a first BL transmission, a last BL transmission, a Nth BL transmission.
[0328] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the at least one processor is further configured to cause the communication device to: in accordance with a determination that the power stability indication indicates that the power supply for the A-IoT device is not stable, determine that the A-IoT device is out of power or switched off based on at least one of: a connection between the A-IoT device and the communication device is failed, a connection between the A-IoT device and the communication device is unable to be established, no response is received from the A-IoT device after a transmission, or a time length without any transmission from the A-IoT device exceeds a predefined time length threshold.
[0329] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the report is a power status report, and wherein the power related information comprises at least one of: first information indicating whether ambient power for the A-IoT device is available, second information indicating a level of remaining power of the A-IoT device, third information indicating whether the A-IoT device is to be turned off, or fourth information about one or more recently connected devices.
[0330] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the first information indicates that the ambient power is unavailable which implicitly requests to enter into a power saving mode, or the first information indicates that the ambient power is available which implicitly requests to end the power saving mode.
[0331] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the second information indicates that the remaining power is lower than a first energy threshold which implicitly requests to enter into a power saving mode, or the second information indicates that the remaining power exceeds a second energy threshold which implicitly requests to end the power saving mode.
[0332] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the third information indicates that the A-IoT device is to be turned off after a transmission of the power status report or after a predefined time duration.
[0333] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the at least one processor is configured to cause the communication device to receive the report by: transmitting, to the A-IoT device via an FL, a request for the report; and receiving, from the A-IoT device via a BL, the report in response to the request.
[0334] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the communication device is a core network entity, and the report is comprised in NAS signalling.
[0335] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the communication device is a terminal device or an access network device, and the report is comprised in one of: PHY signalling, MAC signalling, or RRC signalling.
[0336] The present disclosure provides an A-IoT device, comprising at least one processor configured to cause the A-IoT device at least to: determine assistance information related to power of the A-IoT device, wherein the assistance information comprises a preference on a transmission mode associated with a preferred working mode of the A-IoT device indicating whether the backscattering communication is used, wherein the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability; and transmit, to a communication device, the assistance information.
[0337] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the transmission mode further indicates at least one of: whether an independent signal generation is used, or a device type of the A-IoT device.
[0338] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the assistance information further comprises at least one of: a preference on time domain information associated with the preferred working mode, or a preference on power domain information associated with the preferred working mode.
[0339] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the preference on time domain information indicates at least one of: a continuous reception, a DRX, a DTX, or a cycle length of DRX or DTX.
[0340] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the preference on power domain information indicates at least one of: a maximum configured transmitting power for a BL transmission, a maximum configured power amplifier gain for the BL transmission, or whether a power amplifier is applied.
[0341] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the A-IoT device to: transmit, to the communication device, capability information of the A-IoT device indicating at least one of: the A-IoT device supports switching between the backscattering communication and an independent signal generation, at least one supported manner for the switching, the A-IoT device supports an adjustment of a power amplifier, or the A-IoT device supports transition among various device types.
[0342] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the adjustment of the power amplifier comprises at least one of: an adjustment between the power amplifier being applied and the power amplifier being not applied, or an adjustment of gain for the power amplifier.
[0343] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the A-IoT device to: receive, from the communication device, a message indicating that the assistance information is accepted or comprising configuration information which is determined based on the assistance information.
[0344] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the at least one processor is configured to cause the A-IoT device to transmit the assistance information by: receiving, from the communication device via an FL, a request for the assistance information; and transmitting, to the communication device via a BL, the assistance information in response to the request.
[0345] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the communication device is a core network entity, and the assistance information is comprised in NAS signalling.
[0346] In one embodiment, the A-IoT device as above, the communication device is a terminal device or an access network device, and the report is comprised in one of: PHY signalling, MAC signalling, or RRC signalling.
[0347] The present disclosure provides a communication device, comprising at least one processor configured to cause the communication device at least to: receive, from an A-IoT device, assistance information related to power of the A-IoT device, wherein the assistance information comprises a preference on a transmission mode associated with a preferred working mode of the A-IoT device indicating whether the backscattering communication is used, wherein the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability; and determine to accept the assistance information or to generate configuration information based on the assistance information.
[0348] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the transmission mode further indicates at least one of: whether an independent signal generation is used, or a device type of the A-IoT device.
[0349] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the assistance information further comprises at least one of: a preference on time domain information associated with the preferred working mode, or a preference on power domain information associated with the preferred working mode.
[0350] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the preference on time domain information indicates at least one of: a continuous reception, a DRX, a DTX, or a cycle length of DRX or DTX.
[0351] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the preference on power domain information indicates at least one of: a maximum configured transmitting power for a BL transmission, a maximum configured power amplifier gain for the BL transmission, or whether a power amplifier is suggested to be applied.
[0352] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the communication device to: receive, from the A-IoT device, capability information of the A-IoT device indicating at least one of: the A-IoT device supports switching between the backscattering communication and an independent signal generation, at least one supported manner for the switching, the A-IoT device supports an adjustment of a power amplifier, or the A-IoT device supports transition among various device types.
[0353] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the adjustment of the power amplifier comprises at least one of: an adjustment between the power amplifier being applied and the power amplifier being not applied, or an adjustment of gain for the power amplifier.
[0354] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the communication device to: determine whether the assistance information is accepted; and transmit, to the A-IoT device, a message indicating that the assistance information is accepted or comprising configuration information which is determined based on the assistance information.
[0355] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the at least one processor is configured to cause the communication device to receive the assistance information by: transmitting, to the A-IoT device via an FL, a request for the assistance information; and receiving, from the A-IoT device via a BL, the assistance information in response to the request.
[0356] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the communication device is a core network entity, and the assistance information is comprised in NAS signalling.
[0357] In one embodiment, the communication device as above, the communication device is a terminal device or an access network device, and the report is comprised in one of: PHY signalling, MAC signalling, or RRC signalling.
[0358] The present disclosure provides a method of communication, comprising the operations implemented at the A-IoT device discussed above.
[0359] The present disclosure provides a method of communication, comprising the operations implemented at the communication device discussed above.
[0360] The present disclosure provides an A-IoT device, comprising: a processor; and a memory storing computer program codes; the memory and the computer program codes configured to, with the processor, cause the A-IoT device to perform the method implemented at the A-IoT device discussed above.
[0361] The present disclosure provides a communication device, comprising: a processor; and a memory storing computer program codes; the memory and the computer program codes configured to, with the processor, cause the communication device to perform the method implemented at the communication device discussed above.
[0362] The present disclosure provides a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, causing the apparatus to perform the method implemented at an A-IoT device or a communication device discussed above.
[0363] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0364] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 8-11. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0365] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0366] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0367] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0368] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.An ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device comprising at least one processor configured to cause the A-IoT device at least to:determine power related information of the A-IoT device, wherein the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability, and the power related information of the A-IoT device indicates a power stability indication associated with the energy harvesting capability; andtransmit, to a communication device, a report comprising the power related information of the A-IoT device.2.The A-IoT device of claim 1, wherein the report is a power stability information (PSI) report, and wherein the power related information comprises at least one of:the power stability indication indicating whether power supply for the A-IoT device is stable,a type of ambient power for energy harvesting of the A-IoT device,a time duration for the power stability indication and / or the type of the ambient power,a periodicity for the time duration, ora valid time length for at least one of: the power stability indication, the type of the ambient power, or the time duration.3.The A-IoT device of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the A-IoT device to transmit the PSI report by:in accordance with a determination that at least one predefined condition is fulfilled, transmitting the PSI report to the communication device via a backward link (BL) .4.The A-IoT device of claim 3, wherein the at least one predefined condition comprises:a transmission is received from the communication device, and the transmission is used for configuring a forward link (FL) and / or the BL between the A-IoT device and the communication device, ora further cell is selected or accessed by the A-IoT device.5.The A-IoT device of claim 1, wherein the report is a power status report, and wherein the power related information comprises at least one of:first information indicating whether ambient power for the A-IoT device is available,second information indicating a level of remaining power of the A-IoT device,third information indicating whether the A-IoT device is to be turned off, orfourth information about one or more recently connected devices.6.The A-IoT device of claim 5, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the A-IoT device to transmit the power status report by:in accordance with a determination that one or more predefined conditions are fulfilled, transmitting the power status report to the communication device via a BL.7.The A-IoT device of claim 6, wherein the one or more predefined conditions comprise at least one of:the ambient power for the A-IoT device becomes unavailable,the ambient power for the A-IoT device becomes available,the remaining power of the A-IoT device is lower than a first energy threshold,the remaining power of the A-IoT device exceeds a second energy threshold,energy harvesting is restarted, ora specific time duration expires.8.The A-IoT device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the A-IoT device to transmit the report by:receiving, from the communication device via a forward link (FL) , a request for the report; andtransmitting, to the communication device via a BL, the report in response to the request.9.An ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device comprising at least one processor configured to cause the A-IoT device at least to:determine assistance information related to power of the A-IoT device, wherein the assistance information comprises a preference on a transmission mode associated with a preferred working mode of the A-IoT device indicating whether the backscattering communication is used, wherein the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability; andtransmit, to a communication device, the assistance information.10.The A-IoT device of claim 9, wherein the transmission mode further indicates at least one of:whether an independent signal generation is used, ora device type of the A-IoT device.11.The A-IoT device of claim 9, wherein the assistance information further comprises at least one of:a preference on time domain information associated with the preferred working mode, ora preference on power domain information associated with the preferred working mode.12.The A-IoT device of claim 11, wherein the preference on power domain information indicates at least one of:a maximum configured transmitting power for a backward link (BL) transmission,a maximum configured power amplifier gain for the BL transmission, orwhether a power amplifier is applied.13.The A-IoT device of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is configured to further cause the A-IoT device to:transmit, to the communication device, capability information of the A-IoT device indicating at least one of:the A-IoT device supports switching between the backscattering communication and an independent signal generation,at least one supported manner for the switching,the A-IoT device supports an adjustment of a power amplifier, orthe A-IoT device supports transition among various device types.14.A communication device comprising at least one processor configured to cause the communication device at least to:receive, from an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a report comprising power related information of the A-IoT device, wherein the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability, and the power related information of the A-IoT device indicates a power stability indication associated with the energy harvesting capability; andperform a management for the A-IoT device based on the report.15.A communication device comprising at least one processor configured to cause the communication device at least to:receive, from an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, assistance information related to power of the A-IoT device, wherein the assistance information comprises a preference on a transmission mode associated with a preferred working mode of the A-IoT device indicating whether the backscattering communication is used, wherein the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability; anddetermine to accept the assistance information or to generate configuration information based on the assistance information.16.A method performed by an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, comprising:determining power related information of the A-IoT device, wherein the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability, and the power related information of the A-IoT device indicates a power stability indication associated with the energy harvesting capability; andtransmitting, to a communication device, a report comprising the power related information of the A-IoT device.17.A method performed by an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, comprising:determining assistance information related to power of the A-IoT device, wherein the assistance information comprises a preference on a transmission mode associated with a preferred working mode of the A-IoT device indicating whether the backscattering communication is used, wherein the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability; andtransmitting, to a communication device, the assistance information.18.A method performed by a communication device, comprising:receiving, from an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, a report comprising power related information of the A-IoT device, wherein the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability, and the power related information of the A-IoT device indicates a power stability indication associated with the energy harvesting capability; andperforming a management for the A-IoT device based on the report.19.A method performed by a communication device, comprising:receiving, from an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, assistance information related to power of the A-IoT device, wherein the assistance information comprises a preference on a transmission mode associated with a preferred working mode of the A-IoT device indicating whether the backscattering communication is used, wherein the A-IoT device has an energy harvesting capability; anddetermining to accept the assistance information or to generate configuration information based on the assistance information.20.A computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, causing the apparatus to perform the method according to any of claims 16-19.
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