Bistable and bidirectionally switachable electromagnet, and lockable and / or engageable brake or clutch

Abstract

The invention relates to a bistable and bidirectionally switchable electromagnet (70) comprising an armature unit (10) with at least one actuating element (12) and at least one armature element (14) and comprising a coil unit (16) with at least one magnetic coil (18) and at least one magnetic core (20) which is associated with the magnetic coil (18). According to the invention, the bistable and bidirectionally switchable electromagnet (70) has at least one permanent magnet (22), which is designed to generate a currentless holding force, in order to secure the armature unit (10) in at least one of at least two final positions (24, 26), in particular at least by means of an interaction with the armature element (14) or the magnetic core (20).

Description

[0001] Bistable and bidirectionally switchable electromagnet and lockable and / or arrestable brake or clutch

[0002] State of the art

[0003] The invention relates to a bistable and bidirectionally switchable electromagnet according to the preamble of claim 1, a lockable and / or arrestable brake according to claim 25 and a lockable and / or arrestable clutch according to claim 26.

[0004] A bistable and bidirectionally switchable electromagnet has already been proposed, comprising an armature unit with at least one actuating element and with at least one armature element, and comprising a coil unit with at least one magnetic coil and with at least one magnetic core assigned to the magnetic coil.

[0005] The object of the invention is, in particular, to provide a generic device with advantageous properties regarding the actuation of lockable and / or arrestable brakes and / or clutches. This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of the independent claims, while advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

[0006] Advantages of the invention

[0007] The invention is based on a switchable electromagnet, comprising an armature unit with at least one actuating element and with at least one armature element, and comprising a coil unit with at least one magnetic coil and with at least one magnetic core assigned to the magnetic coil.

[0008] It is proposed that the electromagnet comprise at least one permanent magnet, which is designed to generate a currentless holding force for holding the armature unit in at least one of at least two end positions, in particular at least through interaction with the armature element or the magnetic core. This advantageously allows for bistability. Advantageously, two preferred positions with a relatively high holding force can be set. Nevertheless, electrical switchability at least between the two stable positions can be advantageously achieved.

[0009] A bistable electromagnet is understood to mean, in particular, an electromagnet whose switchable element, in particular an actuating element, can be moved into two different stable positions. Preferably, the switchable element of the electromagnet, in particular the actuating element, is releasably fixed in the stable positions by the holding force. In particular, an armature unit of a bidirectionally switchable electromagnet is electrically adjustable / movable in two, preferably opposite / oppositely aligned directions. The armature unit, in particular at least the armature element, is configured to be moved in an actuator magnetic field of the electromagnet, for example, one or more magnetic coils of the electromagnet. In particular, the armature unit consists at least partially of a ferromagnetic material and / or comprises a permanent magnet.The armature element can, for example, comprise at least one ferromagnetic disk or be designed as one or more ferromagnetic disks. In particular, the actuating element is designed as a rod. The actuating element can form a guide rod for the armature element. In particular, the armature element surrounds the actuating element in the circumferential direction. The actuating element can be made of a non-ferromagnetic material, in particular a non-magnetic material.

[0010] In particular, the actuating element is substantially longer, preferably at least three times longer, more preferably at least five times longer, and particularly preferably at least ten times longer, than the armature element, particularly in a direction parallel to an intended actuating direction of the actuating element and / or armature element. In particular, the actuating direction of the actuator device runs parallel to a main extension direction of the actuating element and / or to an axial direction of the, in particular disc-shaped, armature element. In particular, the armature element is arranged entirely within the electromagnet. In particular, the actuating element partially protrudes from a housing unit of the electromagnet. In particular, the actuating element can be configured to perform an actuating function for which the electromagnet is provided.Preferably, the actuating element forms a locking unit and / or a locking unit at least partially or is provided for actuating an external locking device and / or locking device, e.g. a brake or a clutch.

[0011] In particular, the actuating element is mounted for linear movement at least parallel to its main direction of extent. A "main direction of extent" of an object is to be understood in particular as a direction that runs parallel to a longest edge of a smallest geometric cuboid that just completely encloses the object. In particular, the rod-like actuating element has an extent parallel to its main direction of extent that is at least three times, preferably at least five times, and more preferably at least ten times as large as an extent of the rod-like actuating element in any direction perpendicular to the main direction of extent of the actuating element. In particular, the actuating element is firmly fixed within a recess in the anchor element. In particular, the actuating element is fixed immovably in the actuating direction within the recess of the anchor element."Configured" or "intended" should be understood in particular to mean specifically programmed, designed, and / or equipped. The fact that an object is intended or configured for a specific function should be understood in particular to mean that the object fulfills and / or performs this specific function in at least one application and / or operating state.

[0012] In particular, the coil unit is provided at least for generating the actuator magnetic field of the electromagnet. In particular, the coil unit has at least two magnetic coils, which are each arranged on different sides of the armature element, in particular sides facing away from one another. In particular, the coil unit comprises at least one magnetic coil, preferably at least two magnetic coils. Preferably, one magnetic coil of the coil unit is arranged on each side of the armature element. Preferably, one magnetic coil of the coil unit is arranged at each end region of a stroke of the electromagnet. In particular, the magnetic coils are electrically controllable. In particular, the electrical control of the magnetic coils generates the actuator magnetic field. In particular, the magnetic coils each completely encompass the actuating element.In particular, one of the magnetic coils is arranged above the armature element in the direction of travel, while the other magnetic coil is arranged below the armature element in the direction of travel.

[0013] The magnetic core is preferably made of a ferromagnetic material. Examples of ferromagnetic materials, such as iron or ferromagnetic steel, are known to those skilled in the art. In particular, a magnetic field generated by a magnetic coil passes through the magnetic core assigned to the magnetic coil. In particular, the magnetic core assigned to the magnetic coil is provided to guide a magnetic field generated by the magnetic coil. In particular, the magnetic core is predominantly arranged in the coil interior of the magnetic coil to which the magnetic core is assigned. In particular, the permanent magnet is polarized in the actuating direction and / or in the axial direction of the armature element. In particular, the permanent magnet is disk-shaped. In particular, the permanent magnet completely encompasses a section of the actuating element. In particular, the permanent magnet is arranged between two disks, preferably ferromagnetic disks, of the armature element.Alternatively or additionally, the electromagnet can have one or more permanent magnets arranged separately from the armature unit. Preferably, this permanent magnet(s) is / are integrated into the magnetic core or attached to the magnetic core. It is conceivable that the permanent magnet of the magnetic core is provided in addition to the permanent magnet of the armature element. If a permanent magnet is present in the magnetic core, the armature element, in particular the entire armature unit, is preferably designed free of permanent magnets. The actuating element is designed free of permanent magnets.

[0014] The currentless holding force is, in particular, a holding force that acts at least between the magnetic core and the armature element and that, in particular when the coil unit is de-energized, fixes the armature element to the magnetic core. In particular, the holding force is a magnetic force. In particular, in the stable position in which the holding force is at its maximum, a magnetic circuit of the permanent magnet runs through the magnetic core and, in particular, through the ferromagnetic discs and, in particular, through the permanent magnet. In particular, the two end positions form the two stable positions of the bistable electromagnet. In particular, the two end positions are arranged at opposite ends of the electromagnet's stroke. In particular, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet interacts with the ferromagnetic material of the magnetic core to generate the holding force.

[0015] It is further proposed that the permanent magnet be integrated into the armature element. This advantageously makes it possible to achieve a compact and / or simple design and / or optimal force distribution and / or effect. In particular, the permanent magnet is surrounded on at least two, preferably at least three sides by further components of the armature element. For example, the permanent magnet can be covered by the ferromagnetic discs on the sides facing the magnetic cores of the coil unit. This advantageously prevents damage to the often brittle permanent magnet material caused by the armature element striking the magnetic core. In addition, the permanent magnet can also be covered in the circumferential direction by further components of the armature element.

[0016] If the armature element comprises at least two ferromagnetic disc elements between which the permanent magnet is arranged, this advantageously achieves good protection of the permanent magnet while simultaneously providing a high holding force. In particular, the disc elements completely / completely cover the axial surfaces of the permanent magnet, in particular the surfaces of the permanent magnet facing the magnetic cores. In particular, the permanent magnet is designed in the shape of a (perforated) disc. In particular, the disc elements are designed in the shape of perforated discs. In particular, the holes in the perforated disc-shaped disc elements and the permanent magnet overlap precisely.

[0017] Furthermore, it is proposed that the armature element be fixed to the actuating element in such a way that the armature element follows every movement of the actuating element and vice versa. This advantageously allows a stable and robust construction to be achieved. A direct effect of the actuator magnetic field on the actuating element can advantageously be achieved. In particular, the actuating element is pressed into the armature element with a press fit. Alternatively, gluing or welding the armature element and actuating element is also conceivable. Alternatively or additionally, it is proposed that the permanent magnet or at least one further permanent magnet be integrated into the magnetic core.

[0018] This allows a high holding force to be achieved.

[0019] If the permanent magnet is polarized in the switching direction of the actuator and / or in the direction of movement of the permanent magnet, an advantageous force distribution, in particular an advantageously high holding force, can be achieved. In particular, the permanent magnet comprises two differently magnetically polarized disks arranged axially one above the other. In particular, the direction of movement of the disk-shaped permanent magnet is axial. In particular, the direction of movement of the permanent magnet and / or the switching direction of the actuator runs parallel to the main extension direction of the actuator.

[0020] It is further proposed that the coil unit comprise at least one further magnetic coil, to which at least one further magnetic core is assigned. This advantageously makes it possible to achieve bidirectionality of the electromagnet. Advantageously, bistability of the electromagnet can be achieved. In particular, the further magnetic coil and the further magnetic core are arranged on an opposite side of the stroke of the electromagnet as the magnetic core and the magnetic coil. In particular, the further magnetic core is at least substantially identical to the magnetic core. In particular, the further magnetic coil is at least substantially identical to the magnetic coil. Alternatively, however, a configuration with only one magnetic coil and two armature elements, each of which acts differently on the actuator magnetic field generated by the individual magnetic coil, is also conceivable.In addition, a design with two magnetic coils and two armature elements is also conceivable, in which each armature element interacts with only one of the magnetic coils.

[0021] It is also proposed that the coil unit be designed such that the armature unit, in particular the armature element, is in contact with the magnetic core in a first of the two end positions and in contact with the further magnetic core in a second of the two end positions. This advantageously makes it possible to achieve bistability. In particular, a first holding force acts in the first end position, while a second holding force acts in the second end position. The two holding forces are preferably approximately identical, but can also be of different magnitudes depending on the design of the coil unit, in particular the magnetic cores and / or the permanent magnet(s). For example, it is conceivable to provide spring elements which support the armature element on one or both magnetic cores, whereby a force distribution can advantageously be designed as desired.As an alternative to the disc elements of the armature element or the permanent magnet of the armature element being in direct contact with the respective magnetic core, anti-adhesive element(s) can be interposed between the armature element and the magnetic core. The anti-adhesive element can be arranged on the armature element or on the respective magnetic core. Anti-adhesive elements are intended, in particular, to prevent the armature element from magnetically sticking to the magnetic cores. Such anti-adhesive elements are preferably made of a non-magnetic material and, in particular, establish a minimum distance between the armature element and the magnetic core in the end positions / stable positions.

[0022] Furthermore, it is proposed that the magnetic coil and / or the further magnetic coil be provided, when activated, to generate an actuator magnetic field that can overcome the currentless holding force. This advantageously makes it possible to achieve bidirectional switchability of the electromagnet. In particular, the magnetic coils in this case are provided to generate actuator magnetic fields that exert a force on the armature element that is greater than the holding force and / or that compensates for the magnetic field of the permanent magnet. In particular, in addition to overcoming the holding force, the actuator magnetic field is provided to accelerate the armature element so that it reaches the opposite end of the stroke. Furthermore, it is proposed that the magnetic core and / or the further magnetic core have a guide recess, in particular a central one, for linearly movable guidance of the actuating element. This makes it possible to achieve advantageous compactness.In addition, a high degree of linearity of the actuating movement generated by the electromagnet can advantageously be achieved. The actuating element can have a cylindrical shape with a round or oval cross-section. Alternatively, the actuating element can also have a polygonal shape with a polygonal cross-section. Preferably, the actuating element is of the same shape at least over a large part of its longitudinal extent. In particular, the guide recess is designed to precisely match the shape of the actuating element. In particular, the actuating element is mounted and guided in both central guide recesses of both magnetic cores.

[0023] If the magnetic core is also designed free of recesses which are intended to partially or completely accommodate the armature element of the armature unit, a high holding force can advantageously be achieved without a risk of tilting.

[0024] It is additionally proposed that the electromagnet, with the exception of the armature unit, has a design that is mirror-symmetrical to a mirror plane. This advantageously makes it possible to achieve a simple construction. In addition, easy assembly can be advantageously achieved. Furthermore, complexity can advantageously be kept low, e.g. by reducing the number of different components. In particular, the electromagnet (without the armature unit) is mirror-symmetrical to a mirror plane that bisects the electromagnet axially / in the adjustment direction. In particular, the coil unit is mirror-symmetrical to the mirror plane. In particular, a housing unit of the electromagnet is mirror-symmetrical to the mirror plane.

[0025] It is also proposed that the electromagnet comprise a housing unit that encloses at least the coil unit and at least part of the armature unit. This advantageously provides protection against damage and / or contamination.

[0026] If the actuating element can protrude from the housing unit on exactly one side, in particular a bottom side, of the housing unit, preferably on at least two sides, in particular a bottom side and a top side, of the housing unit, an advantageous output of an actuator function can be achieved.

[0027] If, in addition, the housing unit is at least substantially cylindrical in shape, a compact design can advantageously be made possible.

[0028] It is further proposed that the magnetic core have a diameter, in particular a maximum radial diameter, at an end facing the armature element, which approximately corresponds to a diameter, in particular a maximum radial diameter, of the armature element. This advantageously allows a high holding force to be achieved. Advantageously, a magnetic flux can be optimized. In particular, the surface of the magnetic core facing the armature element is approximately round. In particular, the surface of the armature element facing the magnetic core is approximately round.

[0029] If, in addition, the magnetic core has a maximum radial diameter at an end facing the armature element, in particular in comparison with all other diameters of cross-sections of the magnetic core along its axial direction, an optimal magnetic flux can advantageously be achieved. In particular, the magnetic core extends laterally beyond the coil opening of the magnetic coil on the side facing the armature element. In particular, the magnetic core does not extend laterally beyond the coil opening of the magnetic coil on the side facing away from the armature element. In particular, the magnetic core has an approximately constant diameter and / or an approximately constant cross-sectional shape inside the magnetic coil. In addition, a radial diameter of the magnetic core at an end facing the armature element can be larger than an outer diameter of the magnetic coil to which the magnetic core is assigned.This advantageously optimizes the magnetic flux and / or holding force. In particular, the magnetic core extends laterally beyond the outermost coil windings of the magnetic coil on the side facing the armature element.

[0030] Furthermore, it is proposed that the magnetic core protrude axially beyond the magnetic coil to which it is assigned on both sides. This allows for the optimization of magnetic flux and / or holding force. In particular, more than 10% and less than 40% of the total axial length of the magnetic core protrudes axially beyond the magnetic coil, viewed in the direction of travel. In particular, the magnetic core protrudes approximately the same distance from the magnetic coil on each side.

[0031] Furthermore, it is proposed that a maximum radial diameter of the two ferromagnetic disk elements be larger than a maximum radial diameter of the permanent magnet arranged between the two ferromagnetic disk elements. This advantageously provides particularly good protection for the permanent magnet against damage. In particular, all of the aforementioned radial diameters are measured radially relative to the actuating direction, in particular relative to the main extension direction of the actuating element.

[0032] It is further proposed that the magnetic core have a stop projection against which the retained armature element rests in contact in at least one stable position of the electromagnet. This advantageously reduces magnetic sticking. In particular, the magnetic core does not rest in full contact with the armature element.

[0033] If a stroke of the armature unit is more than one axial thickness of the armature element, preferably more than two axial thicknesses of the armature element, a high degree of application flexibility can advantageously be achieved. The axial thickness of the armature element is measured in particular in the actuating direction, preferably in the main extension direction of the actuating element. It is also proposed that the electromagnet have an electrical connection unit having at least two connection elements for electrically connecting the coil unit, wherein all connection elements of the electrical connection unit are arranged on an identical side of a housing unit of the electromagnet, in particular a cylinder jacket of the housing unit of the electromagnet. This advantageously makes it possible to easily make electrical contact with the electromagnet. The connection element can, for example, be designed as a plug or as a pin.In particular, the connecting elements each point in identical spatial directions.

[0034] It is also proposed that the actuating element be made of a non-ferromagnetic, preferably non-magnetic, material. This advantageously allows for an optimal magnetic field distribution. Alternatively, however, the actuating element could also be made of a ferromagnetic material.

[0035] Furthermore, a lockable and / or arrestable brake and / or a lockable and / or arrestable clutch with an electromagnet is proposed. This allows advantageous brake and / or clutch designs to be implemented.

[0036] The electromagnet, brake, and / or clutch according to the invention are not intended to be limited to the application and embodiment described above. In particular, the electromagnet, brake, and / or clutch according to the invention may comprise a number of individual elements, components, and units that differs from the number stated herein to fulfill a function described herein. Drawings

[0037] Further advantages will become apparent from the following description of the drawings. The drawings illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the invention. The drawings, the description, and the claims contain numerous features in combination. Those skilled in the art will also expediently consider the features individually and combine them into useful further combinations.

[0038] They show:

[0039] Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an electromagnet and

[0040] Fig. 2 is a perspective sectional schematic representation of the

[0041] Electromagnets.

[0042] Description of the embodiment

[0043] Figures 1 and 2 show various schematic sectional views of an electromagnet 70. The electromagnet 70 is intended for use in a lockable, arrestable brake 92 (see Fig. 1) and / or for use in a lockable and / or arrestable clutch 94 (see Fig. 2). The electromagnet 70 is designed as a bistable electromagnet 70. The bistable electromagnet 70 comprises two stable positions 68. One of the two stable positions 68 of the electromagnet 70 is shown in each of Figures 1 and 2. The electromagnet 70 is a bidirectionally switchable electromagnet 70. An armature unit 10 of the electromagnet 70 can be moved back and forth between the two stable positions 68 by an electrical circuit.

[0044] The electromagnet 70 has the armature unit 10. The armature unit 10 has an actuating element 12. The actuating element 12 is rod-shaped. The actuating element 12 is made of a non-ferromagnetic, preferably non-magnetic, material. The actuating element 12 is provided for outputting and / or executing an actuating movement of the electromagnet 70. The actuating element 12 has a main extension direction 86. The armature unit 10 has an armature element 14. The armature element 14 is disc-shaped. The armature element 14 is fixed to the actuating element 12. The armature element 14 is moved along with the actuating element 12 and vice versa. The armature element 14 is fixed to the actuating element 12 in such a way that the armature element 14 follows every movement of the actuating element 12 and vice versa. The armature element 14 completely encloses the actuating element 12 at a portion of the actuating element 12. The armature unit 10 has a stroke 72.The stroke 72 of the anchor unit 10 is more than one axial thickness 74 of the anchor element 14. The stroke 72 of the anchor unit 10 is more than two axial thicknesses 74 of the anchor element 14.

[0045] The electromagnet 70 has a coil unit 16. The coil unit 16 has a magnetic coil 18. The coil unit 16 has a magnetic core 20. The magnetic core 20 is assigned to the magnetic coil 18. The magnetic core 20 is largely arranged in a coil interior 88 of the magnetic coil 18. The magnetic core 20 projects axially on both sides beyond the magnetic coil 18, to which the magnetic core 20 is assigned. The coil unit 16 has a further magnetic coil 40. The coil unit 16 has a further magnetic core 38. The further magnetic core 38 is assigned to the further magnetic coil 40. The further magnetic core 38 is largely arranged in a coil interior 90 of the further magnetic coil 40. The further magnetic core 38 projects axially on both sides beyond the further magnetic coil 40, to which the further magnetic core 38 is assigned. The magnetic cores 20, 38 are completely separate from each other.The magnetic cores 20, 38 are formed separately from the respective other magnetic coils 18, 40.

[0046] The magnetic core 20 has a maximum radial diameter 56 at an end 54 facing the armature element 14. The maximum radial diameter 56 of the magnetic core 20 corresponds approximately to a maximum radial diameter 58 of the armature element 14. The radial diameter 56 of the magnetic core 20 at the end 54 facing the armature element 14 is larger than an outer diameter 60 of the magnetic coil 18 to which the magnetic core 20 is assigned. The magnetic core 20 has a guide recess 42. The guide recess 42 of the magnetic core 20 is arranged centrally in the magnetic core 20. The guide recess 42 of the magnetic core 20 is formed by a bore through the magnetic core 20. The guide recess 42 of the magnetic core 20 is provided for linearly movable guidance of the actuating element 12. The further magnetic core 38 has a guide recess 44. The guide recess 44 of the further magnetic core 38 is arranged centrally in the further magnetic core 38.The guide recess 44 of the additional magnetic core 38 is formed by a bore through the additional magnetic core 38. The guide recess 42 of the additional magnetic core 38 is also provided for linearly movable guidance of the actuating element 12. The magnetic core 20 and / or the additional magnetic core 38 are designed free of recesses intended for partially or completely receiving the armature element 14 of the armature unit 10.

[0047] The electromagnet 70 has a housing unit 48. The housing unit 48 is at least substantially cylindrical. The housing unit 48 has a cylindrical shell 84. The housing unit 48 encloses the coil unit 16, in particular including the magnetic coils 18, 40 and including the magnetic cores 20, 38. The housing unit 48 encloses at least part of the armature unit 10. The housing unit 48 encloses the armature element 14. The housing unit 48 encloses a large part of the actuating element 12. The actuating element 12 can protrude from the housing unit 48 on precisely one side 50, in particular an underside, of the housing unit 48. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the actuating element 12 could protrude from the housing unit 48 on two opposite / mutually facing sides 50, 52. The electromagnet 70 has an electrical connection unit 80. The connection unit 80 is provided for an electrical connection of the coil unit 16.The electrical connection unit 80 comprises, for example, two connection elements 76, 78. The connection elements 76, 78 are designed, for example, as pin connectors. The connection elements 76, 78 of the electrical connection unit 80 are arranged on an identical side 82 of the housing unit 48 of the electromagnet 70. The connection elements 76, 78 of the electrical connection unit 80 are arranged on an identical side 82 of the cylinder casing 84 of the housing unit 48.

[0048] The electromagnet 70, in particular at least the housing unit 48 and / or the coil unit 16, is designed mirror-symmetrically to a mirror plane 46. The mirror plane 46 is sketched in Fig. 1.

[0049] The electromagnet 70 has a permanent magnet 22, 32. The permanent magnet 22, 32 is polarized in the switching direction 34 of the actuating element 12 and / or in the direction of movement 36 of the permanent magnet 22 and / or in a direction parallel to the main extension direction 86 of the actuating element 12. The permanent magnet 22 is integrated into the armature element 14. In this case, the armature element 14 has two ferromagnetic disc elements 28, 30, between which the permanent magnet 22 is arranged. A maximum radial diameter 62 of the two ferromagnetic disk elements 28, 30 is in each case larger than a maximum radial diameter 64 of the permanent magnet 22 arranged between the two ferromagnetic disk elements 28, 30. Alternatively or additionally, the permanent magnet 22 or a further permanent magnet 32 ​​(optionally shown in dashed lines in Fig. 1) can be integrated into the magnetic core 20 and / or the further magnetic core 38.

[0050] The permanent magnet 22 is provided to generate a currentless holding force for holding the armature unit 10 in at least one of at least two end positions 24, 26 at least through interaction with the armature element 14 or with the magnetic core 20 (depending on the arrangement of the permanent magnet 22, 32). Figures 1 and 2 each show, by way of example, the arrangement of the armature unit 10 in the first end position 24 of the two end positions 24, 26. The coil unit 16 is designed such that the armature unit 10, in particular the armature element 14, is in contact with the magnetic core 20 in the first end position 24 of the two end positions 24, 26. In the second end position 26 of the two end positions 24, 26, the armature unit 10, in particular the armature element 14, would be in contact with the further magnetic core 38. The magnetic core 20 has a stop projection 66.The armature element 14, which is held in a stable position 68 of the electromagnet 70, in particular in the end position 24, rests in contact with the stop projection 66.

[0051] The magnetic coil 18 and the further magnetic coil 40 are each provided to generate an actuator magnetic field when electrically controlled, which can overcome the currentless holding force.

[0052] Reference symbol

[0053] 10 anchor unit

[0054] 12 Control element

[0055] 14 Anchor element

[0056] 16 coil unit

[0057] 18 Solenoid coil

[0058] 20 magnetic core

[0059] 22 permanent magnet

[0060] 24 End position

[0061] 26 End position

[0062] 28 Disc element

[0063] 30 disc element

[0064] 32 Additional permanent magnet

[0065] 34 Switching direction

[0066] 36 Direction of movement

[0067] 38 Additional magnetic core

[0068] 40 Additional solenoid coil

[0069] 42 Guide recess

[0070] 44 Guide recess

[0071] 46 mirror plane

[0072] 48 housing unit

[0073] 50 pages

[0074] 52 pages

[0075] 54 End

[0076] 56 diameter

[0077] 58 diameter

[0078] 60 outer diameter

[0079] 62 diameter

[0080] 64 diameter

[0081] 66 Stop projection Stable position

[0082] electromagnet

[0083] Hub

[0084] thickness

[0085] connecting element

[0086] connecting element

[0087] Electrical connection unit

[0088] Page

[0089] cylinder jacket

[0090] Main extension direction

[0091] Coil interior

[0092] Coil interior

[0093] brake

[0094] coupling

Claims

Claims 1 . Bistable and bidirectionally switchable electromagnet (70), comprising an armature unit (10) with at least one actuating element (12) and with at least one armature element (14), and comprising a coil unit (16) with at least one magnetic coil (18) and with at least one magnetic core (20) assigned to the magnetic coil (18), characterized by at least one permanent magnet (22) which is provided to generate a currentless holding force for holding the armature unit (10) in at least one of at least two end positions (24, 26), in particular at least by an interaction with the armature element (14) or the magnetic core (20).

2. Electromagnet (70) according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnet (22) is integrated into the armature element (14).

3. Electromagnet (70) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the armature element (14) comprises at least two ferromagnetic disc elements (28, 30) between which the permanent magnet (22) is arranged.

4. Electromagnet (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the armature element (14) is arranged fixedly on the actuating element (12) in such a way that the armature element (14) follows each movement of the actuating element (12) and vice versa.

5. Electromagnet (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the permanent magnet (22) or at least one further permanent magnet (32) is integrated into the magnetic core (20).

6. Electromagnet (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the permanent magnet (22, 32) is polarized in the switching direction (34) of the actuating element (12) and / or in the direction of movement (36) of the permanent magnet (22).

7. Electromagnet (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coil unit (16) has at least one further magnetic coil (40), to which at least one further magnetic core (38) is assigned.

8. Electromagnet (70) according to claims 1 and 7, characterized in that the coil unit (16) is designed such that the armature unit (10), in particular the armature element (14), in a first end position (24) of the two end positions (24, 26) is in contact with the magnetic core (20) and in a second end position (26) of the two end positions (24, 26) is in contact with the further magnetic core (38).

9. Electromagnet (70) according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the magnetic coil (18) and / or the further magnetic coil (40) are provided to generate an actuator magnetic field when activated, which can overcome the currentless holding force.

10. Electromagnet (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic core (20) has a, in particular central, guide recess (42) for a linearly movable guide of the actuating element (12).

11. Electromagnet (70) according to claim 7, characterized in that the further magnetic core (38) has a, in particular central, guide recess (44) for a linearly movable guide of the actuating element (12).

12. Electromagnet (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic core (20) is designed free of recesses which are provided for partially or completely receiving the armature element (14) of the armature unit (10).

13. Electromagnet (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a mirror-symmetrical design with respect to a mirror plane (46), with the exception of the armature unit (10).

14. Electromagnet (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a housing unit (48) which encloses at least the coil unit (16) and at least a part of the armature unit (10).

15. Electromagnet (70) according to claim 14, characterized in that the actuating element (12) can emerge from the housing unit (48) on exactly one side (50), in particular a bottom side, of the housing unit (48), preferably on at least two sides (50, 52), in particular a bottom side and a top side, of the housing unit (48).

16. Electromagnet (70) according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the housing unit (48) is at least substantially cylindrical.

17. Electromagnet (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic core (20) has, at an end (54) facing the armature element (14), a diameter (56), in particular a maximum radial diameter, which corresponds approximately to a diameter (58), in particular a maximum radial diameter, of the armature element (14).

18. Electromagnet (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic core (20) has a maximum radial diameter (56) at an end (54) facing the armature element (14).

19. Electromagnet (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic core (20) projects axially on both sides beyond the magnetic coil (18) to which the magnetic core (20) is assigned.

20. Electromagnet (70) according to claim 3, characterized in that a maximum radial diameter (62) of the two ferromagnetic disc elements (28, 30) is each greater than a maximum radial diameter (64) of the permanent magnet (22) arranged between the two ferromagnetic disc elements (28, 30).

21. Electromagnet (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic core (20) has a stop projection (66) against which the retained armature element (14) bears in contact in at least one stable position (68) of the electromagnet (70).

22. Electromagnet (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a stroke (72) of the armature unit (10) is more than one axial thickness (74) of the armature element (14), preferably more than two axial thicknesses (74) of the armature element (14).

23. Electromagnet (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an electrical connection unit (80) having at least two connection elements (76, 78) for electrically connecting the coil unit (16), wherein all connection elements (76, 78) of the electrical connection unit (80) are arranged on an identical side (82) of a housing unit (48) of the electromagnet (70), in particular a cylinder jacket (84) of the housing unit (48) of the electromagnet (70).

24. Electromagnet (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuating element (12) is formed from a non-ferromagnetic, preferably non-magnetic, material.

25. Lockable and / or arrestable brake (92) with an electromagnet (70) according to one of the preceding claims.

26. Lockable and / or arrestable coupling (94) with an electromagnet (70) according to one of claims 1 to 24.

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