Device for purifying plasma-chemical reactor outlet gases

Abstract

The invention relates to gas purification systems, and more particularly to electric gas purifiers, and can be used in various sectors of industry for removing organic pollutants from plasma-chemical reactor outlet gases. The technical result toward which the invention is directed is the creation of a device for removing organic pollutants from a stream of outlet gases discharged from a plasma-chemical reactor by a gas extraction system, said device purifying the outlet gases of organic pollutants by means of the action thereon of electrons contained in corona discharge streamers occurring between microdroplets of condensed water which are contained in the gas mixture to be purified and which become charged in the device. The technical result is achieved in a device for purifying outlet gases from a plasma-chemical reactor equipped with a gas extraction system, said device being coupled into the extraction system and containing an outer cylinder in the form of a pipe, and a gas swirler disposed on the axis of the pipe and being configured in the form of a single-flight or double-flight or triple-flight or quadruple-flight screw.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0002] DEVICE FOR CLEANING OUTLET GASES FROM

[0003] PLASMACHEMICAL REACTOR

[0004] The invention relates to gas cleaning systems, namely to electric gas cleaners, and can be used in various branches of industry for cleaning the exhaust gases from a plasma-chemical reactor from organic contaminants.

[0005] In the composition of the exhaust gases from the plasma-chemical reactor, made, for example, according to the invention according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2786209 (published on 19.12.2022), during the processing of waste, a large amount of water vapor is formed, which leads to its condensation into microdroplets, in addition, when processing waste containing various organic substances and polymers (for example, PET, ABS, etc.), significant amounts of organic residues of their decomposition (for example, methanol, benzene, ethylene, propylene, acetylene, etc.) enter the exhaust gases, the content of which in emissions into the atmosphere should not exceed certain limit concentrations. This requires additional purification of the exhaust gases if such an excess is detected.

[0006] Tubular industrial electrofilters are known in which a corona electrode, made in the form of a wire with a diameter of 1.5 - 2.2 mm, is located along the axis of the precipitating electrode, made in the form of a pipe (pp. 49-50 in [1]).

[0007] The disadvantage of the known solution is the need to use a constant high voltage, which forms a direct current corona discharge.

[0008] An air purification device is known according to Russian patent for invention No. 2792874 (published on March 28, 2023), comprising a high-voltage pulse generator, an external electrode made in the form of a metal pipe, and an internal electrode, characterized in that the external electrode is made with grounding, and the internal electrode is made in the form of a metal rod, rigidly fixed along the axis of the pipe using a fastening element containing a metal blade electrically connected to the internal electrode, connected to the external electrode through insulators, with the possibility of forming corona pulse discharge streamers in the gap between the internal and external electrodes, wherein the internal electrode is located with a gap relative to the output electrode of the high-voltage pulse generator, and the size of the gap ensures its breakdown by pulses of the high-voltage pulse generator.

[0009] The disadvantage of the known solution is the use of high-voltage pulses that form corona pulse discharge streamers in the gap between the internal and external electrodes. The technical result, to obtain which the invention is aimed, is the creation of a device for cleaning the flow of output gases removed from a plasma-chemical reactor by an exhaust gas removal system from organic contaminants, in which their cleaning is carried out due to the effect on organic contaminants of electrons of corona discharge streamers that arise between microdroplets of water condensate charged in the device and contained in the gas mixture being cleaned.

[0010] The technical result is achieved in a device for cleaning the exhaust gases from a plasma-chemical reactor, equipped with an exhaust gas removal system, into the gap of which it is connected, containing an external cylinder made in the form of a pipe, inside which a gas flow swirler is fixed, made in the form of either a single-, or double-, or triple-, or quadruple-thread auger.

[0011] The swirler is preferably located on the pipe axis.

[0012] Preferably, the outer edges of the swirler auger blades are connected to the inner surface of the outer cylinder.

[0013] It is preferable to make the device for cleaning the exhaust gases from metal.

[0014] It is preferable to make the outer cylinder with a length in the range of 1 - 1.5 m and an internal diameter in the range of 200 - 300 mm.

[0015] It is preferable to make the blade or blades of the swirler auger from metal strips.

[0016] Fig. 1 shows a diagram of an air purification device, where 1 is an outer cylinder in the form of a metal pipe, 2 is a swirler, 3 is a single-pass auger blade, 4 is a flow of contaminated gas, 5 is a flow of purified gas.

[0017] The invention can be implemented in a device containing an outer cylinder 1, made in the form of a metal pipe, and a swirler 2 installed along the axis of the pipe 1, attached to the inner surface of the pipe 1. In this case, the swirler 2 is made in the form of a single-pass metal screw with a blade 3 connected to the inner surface of the outer cylinder 1. The device is connected to a gas removal system (not shown in the figures), ensuring the movement of the flow of purified air through the device from the side of the plasma-chemical reactor (not shown in the figures).

[0018] The device operates as follows. A stream of contaminated gas 4 from a plasma-chemical reactor containing a large amount of microdroplets of water, as well as organic residues from the decomposition of organic waste, is fed into the device using an exhaust gas removal system.

[0019] The swirler forms a vortex flow of contaminated gas 4. In this case, the microdroplets of water contained in the flow 4 collide with each other as a result of the flow swirling. It is known from the source [1] that when water droplets collide with each other, they become charged. It is also known that charged microdroplets of water generate flashes of corona discharges upon collision [2]. In this case, each corona discharge is accompanied by the formation of corona discharge streamers. Thus, in the swirler, corona discharge streamers are generated, the energy of a significant number of electrons in which, according to theoretical calculations [3], exceeds 10 eV, which is sufficient to destroy covalent chemical bonds in organic pollutants contained in the flow of contaminated gas 4. Most of these bonds are characterized by a destruction energy of about 4 eV (1 eV = 23.06 kcal / mol = 96.4 kJ / mol).) [4, 5] and can be destroyed as a result of collision with electrons whose energy exceeds the energy of breaking the corresponding bond. As a result of such collisions, organic pollutants disintegrate into simpler substances (C, H, H2O, CO2), reducing the degree of contamination of the polluted gas flow 4 with organic pollutants. The corona discharge is also a source of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which also has a destructive effect on organic substances. Thus, the claimed technical result is achieved in the form of creating a device for cleaning the flow of exhaust gases removed from the plasma-chemical reactor by the exhaust gas removal system from organic pollutants.

[0020] [1] S. M. Kontush, Contact-balloelectric mechanism of charge separation during collision of water drops, Letters to ZhTF, 1983, volume 9, issue 9, pp. 513-516.

[0021] [2] D.I. Iudin, The origin of a lightning discharge as a noise-induced kinetic transition, Izvestiya vuzov. Radiophysics, 2017, Vol. LX, No. 5, pp. 418-441.

[0022] [3] S.F. Konyaga, Calculation of the electron energy distribution function in a pulsed corona discharge, Electrical Engineering and Electromechanics. 2010. No. 4, pp. 52-55.

[0023] [4] https: / / ru.wikipedia.org / wiki / Energy of chemical bond rupture,

[0024] [5] Gankin V.Yu., Rankin Yu.V. How chemical bonds are formed and chemical reactions occur... Monograph. - M.: Granitsa, 2007. - 323 p.

Claims

CLAUSES OF THE INVENTION DEVICE FOR CLEANING OUTLET GASES FROM PLASMACHEMICAL REACTOR 1. A device for cleaning the exhaust gases from a plasma-chemical reactor, equipped with an exhaust gas removal system, into the gap of which it is connected, containing an external cylinder made in the form of a pipe, characterized in that a gas flow swirler is fixed inside it, made in the form of either a single-, double-, triple-, or quadruple-thread auger.

2. A device for cleaning the exhaust gases from a plasma-chemical reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer edges of the swirler auger blades are connected to the inner surface of the outer cylinder.

3. A device for cleaning the outlet gases from a plasma-chemical reactor according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the swirler is located on the axis of the pipe.

4. A device for cleaning the exhaust gases from a plasma-chemical reactor according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the device is made of metal.

5. A device for cleaning the exhaust gases from a plasma-chemical reactor according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the outer cylinder tube is made with a length in the range of 1–1.5 m and an internal diameter in the range of 200–300 mm.

6. A device for cleaning the exhaust gases from a plasma-chemical reactor according to paragraph 4, characterized in that the blade or blades of the swirler auger are made from metal strips.

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