Soundproofing system for a floor

Abstract

The invention relates to a soundproofing system for a floor, comprising a grid element resting on a bare ceiling, wherein the grid element has a plurality of openings passing through the grid element, which openings are oriented anti-parallel to a main extension plane of the grid element and wherein openings of the grid element are filled with a filler, and wherein a floor is arranged above the grid element, wherein the grid element comprises an elastic material, and in that at least one support is formed between the bare ceiling and a bare floor, which support supports the bare floor.

Description

[0001] Sound insulation system for a floor

[0002] The invention relates to a sound insulation system for a floor, comprising a grid element made of an elastic material resting on a subfloor, wherein the grid element has a plurality of openings, in particular completely passing through the grid element, which openings are aligned at least substantially antiparallel, in particular perpendicular, to a main extension plane of the grid element, wherein openings of the grid element are filled with a filler and wherein a floor is arranged above the grid element.

[0003] Sound insulation in buildings is an important area of ​​building physics. Sound insulation systems are used primarily to dampen impact and airborne noise within a building structure.

[0004] Sound propagates as vibrations in a medium, such as a solid, but also in a fluid, such as a gas or liquid. Sound is generated by the vibrations of the medium's surface upon contact with the body (or fluid) generating the sound. These vibrations are then propagated through the medium.

[0005] Impact sound is structure-borne sound that is transmitted in a building through the floor covering to the floor supporting it and from there to adjacent walls.

[0006] Impact sound occurs, for example, when a shoe heel hits the floor covering or an object moves across the floor covering. The physical properties of impact sound are well known and can be explained by the principles of sound propagation and sound absorption.

[0007] Sound propagates through pressure and density fluctuations in the medium. Depending on the source, the sound waves exhibit different frequencies and amplitudes. When a body hits the surface of the medium, sound waves are generated that propagate in all directions. Part of the sound energy is reflected, meaning it is bounced back from the surface, while another part is absorbed, meaning it is absorbed by the medium.

[0008] Sound absorption depends on various factors, such as the nature of the medium, its surface, and the frequency of the sound. The more porous and softer the surface, the more sound energy is absorbed. Hard and smooth surfaces, on the other hand, tend to reflect sound.

[0009] The propagation of sound is influenced by the properties of the material beneath the floor covering and, consequently, by the properties of any other medium adjacent to this material, which may in turn exhibit different sound-insulating properties. In principle, the same relationships apply here as for the surface described above. The density and thus the mass, stiffness, surface area, and porosity of the medium influence sound insulation. Avoiding resonances also plays an important role.

[0010] A key difference between impact sound and airborne sound is that in a fluid only longitudinal waves are transmitted.

[0011] For example, it is known from the state of the art to provide a bare ceiling in the form of a wooden joist ceiling, which has relatively low sound insulation properties, with additional mass by applying loose fill, thus improving sound insulation. To prevent the loose fill from slipping, it is inserted into a honeycomb grid made of cardboard, which was previously laid out on the bare ceiling. After backfilling, the loose fill is covered with a base layer for the floor covering, for example gypsum fiberboard. A base layer for a floor covering is also called a bare floor. These days, floor coverings are often laid on the bare floor of a raised access floor. A raised access floor is particularly suitable for accommodating the installations required for the building's utility services in the cavity located between the bare floor and the bare ceiling.Such a system floor, especially if the bare ceiling is a wooden beam ceiling, has comparatively poor sound insulation due to the low overall mass.

[0012] This is a significant disadvantage of the bare ceilings increasingly used in the construction industry, such as timber joist ceilings or CLT or cross-laminated timber ceilings. Due to their comparatively low weight, such ceilings tend to vibrate at low frequencies, meaning these frequencies of impact and airborne sound are better transmitted through the ceiling. However, even the much heavier bare concrete ceilings transmit sound.

[0013] A major advantage of raised access floors is that the cavity between the slab and the supporting layer of the floor covering can be used to improve sound insulation by filling it with sound-absorbing materials, such as mineral wool. This measure helps reduce the sound that penetrates the ceiling and adjacent walls into the room below.

[0014] This application aims to improve the impact and airborne sound insulation of ceilings.

[0015] This object is achieved by a sound insulation system having the features of claim 1. Some of the particularly preferred embodiments of the sound insulation system according to the invention are set out in the subclaims dependent on claim 1.

[0016] A key concept of the invention is that, in a generic sound insulation system, the grid element is elastic, and that at least one support is formed between the bare ceiling and the bare floor, which supports the bare floor. The elasticity of the grid element according to the invention improves sound insulation, while the support ensures that the sound insulation floor is securely held to the bare ceiling.

[0017] For sound absorption, it is advantageous to have air pores of a certain size in the grid and / or filler. To achieve the highest possible mass, the loss of mass caused by the air pores should be compensated by the highest possible density of the filler and / or the elastic material from which the grid element is made. In this respect, dense rubber types and / or heavy fillers are advantageous.

[0018] A suitable filler is a solid, preferably a stone, that completely fills the openings in the grid element. A preferred stone for a square opening in a grid element is, for example, a paving stone. Advantageously, the shape and size of the openings in the grid element are adapted to the shape and size of the intended body.

[0019] It is also advantageous if the openings in the grid element are completely filled with a bulk material.

[0020] A fill of sand, gravel, clay, lava, or glass has proven particularly advantageous for filling the openings in the grid element. Fills of crushed sand, chippings, or gravel are also suitable, particularly granite, quartz, or basalt. Using a fill of one of these materials ensures that the bare ceiling is covered with a high mass despite the low construction height of the cavity floor. In addition, by choosing the right grain size for the fill, an optimal bulk density for the desired sound insulation can be achieved. In particular, it is possible to add a mixture with different grain sizes, for example to optimize the spaces between the grains for the best possible sound insulation, or to achieve a higher bulk density by placing fine grains in the spaces between the coarse grains.Another way to increase the bulk density is to compact the bulk material after it has been introduced into the cavities of the grid element.

[0021] As an alternative to selecting one of the above-mentioned materials or grain sizes, a mixture of two or more is suitable in order to achieve a bulk material with a specific bulk density, or a specific bulk density and different grain sizes.

[0022] It is advantageous if the bulk material has a density between 1,000 and 3,200 kg / m 3 The true density is the density of the material without pores. A preferred bulk density of the material as a loose material is 400 to 2000 kg / m 3 .

[0023] Grain sizes of the bulk material of up to 50 mm, especially up to 4 mm, have proven to be particularly suitable for sound insulation.

[0024] It is particularly preferred if the grid element comprises a plurality of first struts and a plurality of second struts, wherein in the region of a first edge side of the grid element, at least one of the first struts has a first suspension recess which is open in a first direction parallel to a surface normal of the main extension plane. In the region of a second edge side of the grid element opposite the first edge side in the main extension plane of the grid element, at least one of the second struts has a second suspension recess which is open in a second direction running antiparallel, i.e. opposite to the first direction.

[0025] This makes it possible to produce a sound-insulating covering from a plurality of grid elements, which are hooked into one another, in particular using the corresponding hook-in recesses, so that slipping of the sound-insulating covering on the soffit is prevented in a comparatively simple manner. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, in the region of a third edge side of the grid element, at least one third strut has a third hook-in recess, wherein in the region of a fourth edge side of the grid element opposite the third edge side in the main extension plane, at least one fourth strut has a fourth hook-in recess, wherein the first and the third hook-in recess are open in the direction of the first direction parallel to a surface normal of the main extension plane, wherein the second and the fourth hook-in recess are open in the direction of the second direction running antiparallel to the first direction.

[0026] This preferred embodiment of the grid elements enables an arrangement of interlocking grid elements, wherein at least one first grid element with a first and / or third suspension recess engages in a second and / or fourth suspension recess of a second grid element.

[0027] It is particularly advantageous if the width, length, and / or depth of the first and / or third mounting recesses correspond to the dimensions of the second and / or fourth mounting recesses. This ensures that the interfaces between the interlocking mounting recesses of two grid elements are in contact with each other, resulting in a particularly strong connection between the grid elements.

[0028] It is therefore particularly advantageous to form an arrangement from a plurality of grid elements in a comparatively simple and thus easy-to-install manner, wherein the grid elements fix one another and thus prevent slipping of the grid elements relative to one another. Furthermore, the detachment of individual grid elements from the arrangement is prevented by the interlocking suspension recesses. The grid elements can be connected to one another particularly well if all of the strut sections protruding from the edge sides of the grid element have a suspension recess which is inserted into opposite suspension recesses of the adjacent grid element. The principle of connecting such grid elements to form an arrangement of grid elements is shown in EP 2 019 169 B1 by the arrangement of floor covering grid elements shown therein.

[0029] The struts of the grille element do not have to be straight, but can also be zigzag and / or curved, allowing for a variety of grille shapes and openings. The openings defined by the struts can form an oval or a polygon. To ensure consistent sound absorption properties along the grille element, it is advantageous for the grille element to be regularly shaped so that the openings in the grille element are of equal size, in particular as a regular polygon, preferably as a triangle or hexagon, ideally as a square.

[0030] Preferably, the grid element, with its plurality of first struts and its plurality of second struts, is manufactured in one piece. The one-piece design or one-piece production of the grid element enables a significant acceleration and simplification of the manufacturing process for the grid element, since the first and second struts are preferably manufactured simultaneously to form the grid element. The manufacturing process is thus significantly more cost-effective.

[0031] It is also advantageous if the volume of the openings intended for the bulk material is larger than the volume of the grid element without openings. This allows the mass of the sound insulation system to be increased. To achieve a particularly high mass of the sound insulation system, it is advantageous if the volume of the grid element without openings is less than 25% of the volume of the grid element filled with the bulk material.

[0032] The height of the grid element is advantageously between 25 and 100 mm, in particular between 40 and 70 mm. The same applies to the height of the supports. Advantageously, the grid element is formed integrally with the support. This design allows the grid element to be delivered prefabricated, rather than having to insert the supports into the grid element on site.

[0033] The grid element is preferably designed such that the support does not protrude at the upper edge of the grid element running in the main direction of extension of the grid element. In this preferred embodiment, the grid element forms the support for the subfloor with the upper edge of its struts. This variant makes it possible to dispense with a hollow space between the grid element and the subfloor, thereby reducing the installation height between the subfloor and the subfloor. A further advantage of this variant is that the subfloor can be laid freely on the grid element, as it rests flat on it. Local positioning of the supports is not required.

[0034] In an alternative embodiment, the supports protrude from the grid element, creating a cavity between the subfloor and the grid element. Such a cavity can, as described above, be used for the installation of utility systems in the building, for example, for power or network cables, fresh water and sewage pipes, or ventilation systems.

[0035] In an alternative to the one-piece solution, the support is inserted into one of the openings in the grid element. In this way, the position of the support can be adjusted on site to predetermined contact points in the subfloor. This has the additional advantage that the supports can be variably adapted on site to different panel sizes of the subfloor with their respective tongue-and-groove joints. Inserting the support also makes it possible to better adapt the support to the properties of the ceiling structure, for example the load-bearing load or the materials, through appropriate material selection. The support is preferably made of an elastic material; in particular, it has material properties that correspond to those already stated to be advantageous for a grid element and / or for a binding agent.

[0036] Preferably, the number, nature, material and / or positioning of the supports is adapted to the loads to be carried, regardless of whether the support is formed integrally with the grid element or inserted therein.

[0037] A particular advantage is that the bulk density of a rubber granulate body, i.e., the density of the rubber granulate body based on its volume including the pore spaces, is adjustable. By varying the compression of the rubber granulate-binder mixture, different bulk densities can be achieved. The looser the compression, the more dampening, but the less resilient the grid element and / or supports become. High-density grid elements and supports transmit structure-borne sound with less damping.

[0038] It is preferred if the cavity is filled with a filler, preferably mineral wool, and / or foam, especially recycled foam. Such a filler also contributes to sound insulation. Furthermore, the service installations can be easily installed within it, for example, by displacing the filler from the area required for the service installations or by cutting it free.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the region of the support protruding from the grid element at least partially covers a strut of the grating, in particular, it rests on a strut of the grid element. Configured in this way, the support can be wider and / or longer in the region above the grid element than the dimensions of the opening in the grid element dictate. With respect to a grid element with a circular opening, the diameter of the support can be larger. The corresponding relationship applies to any shape of the opening in the grid element.

[0040] Reinforced in this way, the support can be designed to be more stable. If an edge of the support that undercuts the strut of the grid element rests against the strut, the load of the subfloor can be transferred to the subfloor not only through the support but also through the grid element.

[0041] It is particularly preferred if the area of ​​the support protruding from the grid element is designed asymmetrically. This embodiment allows for even more variable positioning of the supports with respect to different panel sizes and their load-bearing tongue-and-groove joints.

[0042] Preferably, a combination of several supports inserted into openings in the grid element, which are connected by a connector extending over a web of the grid element and are preferably formed integrally, can also be used as supports. Such a combination preferably corresponds to a physical connection of several supports. This allows for faster installation. Such a support is particularly suitable for corner areas of the ceiling.

[0043] The grid element preferably contains an elastomer granulate bonded with a binder, in particular, it is formed from an elastomer granulate bonded with a binder. This allows the porosity and / or density of the grid element to be particularly easily adjusted to the desired sound insulation level. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the grid element consists of a rubber granulate bonded with a binder.

[0044] The rubber granulate is preferably EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) rubber granulate. It is also preferred for the grid element to consist of polyurethane (PU)-bonded rubber granulate, or of shredded rubber, preferably shredded recycled rubber, which is obtained, for example, by shredding motor vehicle tires. The grid element according to the invention can also comprise a mixture of the aforementioned materials.

[0045] Other suitable elastomers are silicone rubber, butadiene rubber (BR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), nitrile rubber (NBR), butyl rubber or isobutene-isoprene rubber (HR), chloroprene rubber (CR), fluoropolymer rubber (FKM), or a mixture of the above elastomers.

[0046] Any binder familiar to the skilled person with which the granulate particles can be bonded together is suitable as a preferably elastic binder. The binder is preferably polyurethane (PU), with which the granulate particles are preferably completely coated. A polyurea-, epoxy-, or silicone-based binder is also advantageous.

[0047] The optimal ratio of rubber granules to binder depends on the grain size of the granules. For rubber granules with a grain size between 1-3 mm, this ratio is approximately 80-95% granules to approximately 5-20% binder; for rubber granules with grain sizes up to 1.8 mm, this ratio is approximately 75-95% rubber granules to approximately 5-25% binder.

[0048] The sound insulation system according to the invention is particularly suitable for insulating a concrete ceiling, a wooden beam ceiling, or a CLT or cross-laminated timber ceiling. It is also preferred for use with a subfloor made of OSB boards.

Claims

Claims 1. Sound insulation system for a floor, comprising a grid element resting on a bare ceiling, wherein the grid element has a plurality of openings passing through the grid element, which openings are aligned antiparallel to a main extension plane of the grid element and wherein openings of the grid element are filled with a filler, and wherein a floor is arranged above the grid element, characterized in that the grid element comprises an elastic material and in that at least one support is formed between the bare ceiling and a bare floor, which support the bare floor.

2. Sound insulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the grid element is formed integrally with the support.

3. Sound insulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the support is inserted into one of the openings of the grid element.

4. Sound insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support protrudes from the grid element so that a cavity is arranged between the subfloor and the grid element.

5. Sound insulation system according to claim 4, characterized in that the cavity comprises a filler, preferably a fiber material, in particular mineral wool.

6. Sound insulation system according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the region of the support protruding from the grid element at least partially covers a strut of the grid element, in particular rests on a strut of the grid element.

7. Sound insulation system according to claim 6, characterized in that the region of the support protruding from the grid element is asymmetrical.

8. Sound insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filler is a body, in particular a stone.

9. Sound insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filler is a bulk material.

10. Sound insulation system according to claim 9, characterized in that the bulk material has a density between 1,000 and 3,200 kg / m 3 has.

11. Sound insulation system according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the bulk material has a grain size of up to 50 mm, in particular up to 4 mm 12. Sound insulation system according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the bulk material is sand or gravel or chippings or crushed stone or clay or lava or glass or a mixture of two or more of these materials.

13. Sound insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the grid element contains an elastomer granulate bound with a binder, in particular is formed from a rubber granulate bound with a binder.

14. Sound insulation system according to claim 13, characterized in that the elastomer granulate is an EPDM rubber granulate and / or a recycled rubber granulate. 15 Sound insulation system according to claim 14, characterized in that the grid element has a density between 10 and 1,500 kg / m 3 , especially between 400 and 1,300 kg / m 3 has.

16. Sound insulation system according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the binder comprises a polyurethane.

17. Sound insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support consists of an elastic material, in particular that the elastic material has the material properties which are named in claims 13 to 15 for the grid element and / or in claim 16 for the binder.

18. Sound insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the region of a first edge side of the grid element at least one first strut has a first suspension recess which is open in a first direction parallel to a surface normal of the main extension plane and wherein in the region of a second edge side of the grid element opposite the first edge side in a main extension plane of the grid element at least one second strut has a second suspension recess which is open in Direction of a second direction running antiparallel to the first direction is open 19. Sound insulation system according to claim 18, characterized in that in the region of a third edge side of the grid element at least one third strut has a third suspension recess, wherein in the region of a fourth edge side of the grid element opposite the third edge side in the main extension plane at least one fourth strut has a fourth suspension recess, wherein the first and the third suspension recess are open in the direction of the first direction parallel to a surface normal of the main extension plane, wherein the second and the fourth suspension recesses are open in the direction of the second direction running antiparallel to the first direction.

20. Sound insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bare ceiling is a concrete ceiling, a wooden beam ceiling or a cross-laminated timber ceiling.

21. Sound insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the subfloor consists of OSB boards.