Virtual resources for random access channel procedure
By introducing virtual resources and predicted channel characteristics during the RACH procedure, the wireless communication system facilitates early and virtual P2/P3 refinement, addressing the slow throughput issue and enhancing initial access performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/123108
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-10-06
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-10
AI Technical Summary
The initial access in wireless communication systems, specifically during the random access channel (RACH) procedure, experiences slow throughput due to the reliance on wide beams for synchronization signal blocks (SSBs), which limits the achievable throughput until narrow beams can be formed using channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs).
The implementation of virtual resources, including beam identifiers of candidate transmit beams, allows for early and virtual P2/P3 refinement during the RACH procedure. This is achieved by transmitting an indication of virtual resources and predicted channel characteristics, enabling the UE to autonomously predict channel conditions and select appropriate beams without actual CSI-RS measurements.
This approach enables faster throughput ramp-up during initial access, reduces latency and overhead, and conserves UE resources by avoiding the need for actual P2/P3 refinement via CSI-RSs.
Smart Images

Figure CN2023123108_10042025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
VIRTUAL RESOURCES FOR RANDOM ACCESS CHANNEL PROCEDURE
[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and to techniques and apparatuses for virtual resources for random access channel procedures.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, or the like) . Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE) . LTE / LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) .
[0004] A wireless network may include one or more network nodes that support communication for wireless communication devices, such as a user equipment (UE) or multiple UEs. A UE may communicate with a network node via downlink communications and uplink communications. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication link from the network node to the UE, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication link from the UE to the network node. Some wireless networks may support device-to-device communication, such as via a local link (e.g., a sidelink (SL) , a wireless local area network (WLAN) link, and / or a wireless personal area network (WPAN) link, among other examples) .
[0005] The above multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different UEs to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and / or global level. New Radio (NR) , which may be referred to as 5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by the 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband internet access by improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improving services, making use of new spectrum, and better integrating with other open standards using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink, using CP-OFDM and / or single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) ) on the uplink, as well as supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in LTE, NR, and other radio access technologies remain useful.SUMMARY
[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to a user equipment (UE) for wireless communication. The UE may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to receive, before or during a random access channel (RACH) procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to transmit, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to receive, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, that is transmitted via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources.
[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a network node for wireless communication. The network node may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to cause the network node to transmit, before or during a RACH procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to cause the network node to receive, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to cause the network node to transmit, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources.
[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a UE. The method may include receiving, before or during a RACH procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources. The method may include transmitting, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources. The method may include receiving, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, that is transmitted via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources.
[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a network node. The method may include transmitting, before or during a RACH procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources. The method may include receiving, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources. The method may include transmitting, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources.
[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to receive, before or during a RACH procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to transmit, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to receive, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, that is transmitted via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources.
[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a network node. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to transmit, before or during a RACH procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to receive, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to transmit, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources.
[0012] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving, before or during a RACH procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources. The apparatus may include means for transmitting, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources. The apparatus may include means for receiving, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, that is transmitted via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources.
[0013] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for transmitting, before or during a RACH procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources. The apparatus may include means for receiving, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources. The apparatus may include means for transmitting, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources.
[0014] Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network entity, network node, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings and specification.
[0015] The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conception and specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims.
[0016] While aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that such aspects may be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. Techniques described herein may be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and / or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects may be implemented via integrated chip embodiments or other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, and / or artificial intelligence devices) . Aspects may be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, and / or system-level components. Devices incorporating described aspects and features may include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspects. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, and / or summers) . It is intended that aspects described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and / or end-user devices of varying size, shape, and constitution.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] So that the above-recited features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to aspects, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the description may admit to other equally effective aspects. The same reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0018] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0019] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a network node in communication with a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0020] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0021] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating examples of channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) beam management procedures, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0022] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a four-step random access procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0023] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a two-step random access procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0024] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of beam management, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0025] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with virtual resources for a random access channel (RACH) procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0026] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with a four-step RACH procedure and an example associated with a two-step RACH procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0027] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with remaining minimum system information (RMSI) that configures virtual resources, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0028] Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with a downlink message that indicates virtual resources, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0029] Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with an early and non-transparent typeD quasi-co-location (typeD-QCL) indication during a RACH procedure based on virtual resources, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0030] Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0031] Fig. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a network node or an apparatus of a network node, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0032] Fig. 15 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0033] Fig. 16 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] During initial access (e.g., a random access channel (RACH) procedure) , throughput increases slowly due to P2 / P3 refinement. For example, when a user equipment (UE) initially establishes a connection to a cell through a physical random access channel (PRACH) , throughput is ramped-up gradually because beam management during the RACH procedure (e.g., a P1 procedure, which is typically based on wide beams) may be based on a synchronization signal block (SSB) . The throughput enabled by the SSB beams (e.g., the wide beams) may be lower than the throughput enabled by narrow beams. Narrow beams are typically formed through channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs) , which are available only after radio resource control (RRC) connection setup. CSI-RS-based P2 / P3 refinement can be scheduled to enable higher throughput. However, before the UE finishes the P2 / P3 refinement, the achievable throughput may be low, and ramp-up of the throughput can be delayed because P2 / P3 refinement typically requires beam sweeping.
[0035] Various aspects relate generally to virtual resources for RACH procedures. Some aspects more specifically relate to early and virtual P2 / P3 refinement during a RACH procedure. In some examples, a network node transmits, and a UE receives, before or during a RACH procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources. The virtual resources may include beam identifiers of candidate beams (e.g., candidate transmit beams) . In some examples, the network node may transmit, and the UE may receive, RMSI that configures the one or more virtual resources. In some examples, the RMSI may configure the virtual resources and associations between the virtual resources and the actually transmitted SSBs. In some examples, the network node may transmit, and the UE may receive, a downlink message (e.g., a msg2 or msgB, and / or another downlink message) that indicates the one or more virtual resources.
[0036] The UE may transmit, and the network node may receive, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources. In some examples, the network node may transmit, and the UE may receive, during the RACH procedure, an indication of a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state associated with the virtual resource. The network node may transmit, and the UE may receive, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message associated with the RACH procedure. The network node may transmit the downlink message via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources. For example, the UE may receive the downlink message via a receive beam based at least in part on the TCI state.
[0037] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by transmitting or receiving the indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources, the described techniques can be used to enable early and virtual P2 / P3 refinement during a RACH procedure based on (e.g., via) UE-side spatial beam prediction. For example, the network node and the UE may avoid using CSI-RSs to carry out actual P2 / P3 refinement. As a result, the network node and the UE may achieve faster throughput ramp-up for initial access and reduce latency and overhead compared to actual P2 / P3 refinement via CSI-RSs.
[0038] The RMSI configuring the one or more virtual resources may enable the UE to identify and report the predicted channel characteristics autonomously, thereby reducing overhead. The downlink message that indicates the virtual resources may enable the network node to assist with the down-selection, thereby conserving UE resources (e.g., processing resources, power, or the like) and / or improving prediction performance accuracy. Receiving the indication of the TCI state, and receiving a downlink message via the receive beam based at least in part on the TCI state, may enable the UE to use an appropriate receive beam to receive the downlink message, thereby improving downlink signaling quality.
[0039] Various aspects of the disclosure are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art should appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method which is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0040] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatuses and techniques. These apparatuses and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, or the like (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or combinations thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0041] While aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with a 5G or New Radio (NR) radio access technology (RAT) , aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other RATs, such as a 3G RAT, a 4G RAT, and / or a RAT subsequent to 5G (e.g., 6G) .
[0042] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100, in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (e.g., NR) network and / or a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) ) network, among other examples. The wireless network 100 may include one or more network nodes 110 (shown as a network node 110a, a network node 110b, a network node 110c, and a network node 110d) , a UE 120 or multiple UEs 120 (shown as a UE 120a, a UE 120b, a UE 120c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120e) , and / or other entities. A network node 110 is a network node that communicates with UEs 120. As shown, a network node 110 may include one or more network nodes. For example, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node, meaning that the aggregated network node is configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single radio access network (RAN) node (e.g., within a single device or unit) . As another example, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , meaning that the network node 110 is configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more nodes (such as one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , or one or more radio units (RUs) ) .
[0043] In some examples, a network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with UEs 120 via a radio access link, such as an RU. In some examples, a network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a fronthaul link or a midhaul link, such as a DU. In some examples, a network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a midhaul link or a core network via a backhaul link, such as a CU. In some examples, a network node 110 (such as an aggregated network node 110 or a disaggregated network node 110) may include multiple network nodes, such as one or more RUs, one or more CUs, and / or one or more DUs. A network node 110 may include, for example, an NR base station, an LTE base station, a Node B, an eNB (e.g., in 4G) , a gNB (e.g., in 5G) , an access point, a transmission reception point (TRP) , a DU, an RU, a CU, a mobility element of a network, a core network node, a network element, a network equipment, a RAN node, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the network nodes 110 may be interconnected to one another or to one or more other network nodes 110 in the wireless network 100 through various types of fronthaul, midhaul, and / or backhaul interfaces, such as a direct physical connection, an air interface, or a virtual network, using any suitable transport network.
[0044] In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 and / or a network node subsystem serving this coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and / or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. A network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or an in-home network node. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110a may be a macro network node for a macro cell 102a, the network node 110b may be a pico network node for a pico cell 102b, and the network node 110c may be a femto network node for a femto cell 102c. A network node may support one or multiple (e.g., three) cells. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of a network node 110 that is mobile (e.g., a mobile network node) .
[0045] In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to an aggregated base station, a disaggregated base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, or one or more components thereof. For example, in some aspects, “base station” or “network node” may refer to a CU, a DU, an RU, a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to one device configured to perform one or more functions, such as those described herein in connection with the network node 110. In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to a plurality of devices configured to perform the one or more functions. For example, in some distributed systems, each of a quantity of different devices (which may be located in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations) may be configured to perform at least a portion of a function, or to duplicate performance of at least a portion of the function, and the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to any one or more of those different devices. In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to one or more virtual base stations or one or more virtual base station functions. For example, in some aspects, two or more base station functions may be instantiated on a single device. In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to one of the base station functions and not another. In this way, a single device may include more than one base station.
[0046] The wireless network 100 may include one or more relay stations. A relay station is a network node that can receive a transmission of data from an upstream node (e.g., a network node 110 or a UE 120) and send a transmission of the data to a downstream node (e.g., a UE 120 or a network node 110) . A relay station may be a UE 120 that can relay transmissions for other UEs 120. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110d (e.g., a relay network node) may communicate with the network node 110a (e.g., a macro network node) and the UE 120d in order to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. A network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay station, a relay base station, a relay network node, a relay node, a relay, or the like.
[0047] The wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, or the like. These different types of network nodes 110 may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and / or different impacts on interference in the wireless network 100. For example, macro network nodes may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 to 40 watts) whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts) .
[0048] A network controller 130 may couple to or communicate with a set of network nodes 110 and may provide coordination and control for these network nodes 110. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network nodes 110 via a backhaul communication link or a midhaul communication link. The network nodes 110 may communicate with one another directly or indirectly via a wireless or wireline backhaul communication link. In some aspects, the network controller 130 may be a CU or a core network device, or may include a CU or a core network device.
[0049] The UEs 120 may be dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may include, for example, an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, and / or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring or a smart bracelet) ) , an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio) , a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.
[0050] Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. An MTC UE and / or an eMTC UE may include, for example, a robot, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and / or a location tag, that may communicate with a network node, another device (e.g., a remote device) , or some other entity. Some UEs 120 may be considered Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. Some UEs 120 may be considered a Customer Premises Equipment. A UE 120 may be included inside a housing that houses components of the UE 120, such as processor components and / or memory components. In some examples, the processor components and the memory components may be coupled together. For example, the processor components (e.g., one or more processors) and the memory components (e.g., a memory) may be operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, and / or electrically coupled.
[0051] In general, any number of wireless networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network 100 may support a particular RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, or the like. A frequency may be referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, or the like. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area in order to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.
[0052] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using a network node 110 as an intermediary to communicate with one another) . For example, the UEs 120 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communications, device-to-device (D2D) communications, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocol (e.g., which may include a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocol, a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocol, or a vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocol) , and / or a mesh network. In such examples, a UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by the network node 110.
[0053] Devices of the wireless network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, channels, or the like. For example, devices of the wireless network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) . It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz –300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.
[0054] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified an operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) . Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 and / or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.
[0055] With the above examples in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like, if used herein, may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “millimeter wave” or the like, if used herein, may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.
[0056] In some aspects, the UE 120 may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may receive, before or during a RACH procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources; transmit, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources; and receive, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, that is transmitted via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0057] In some aspects, the network node 110 may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may transmit, before or during a RACH procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources; receive, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources; and transmit, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0058] As indicated above, Fig. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 1.
[0059] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of a network node 110 in communication with a UE 120 in a wireless network 100, in accordance with the present disclosure. The network node 110 may be equipped with a set of antennas 234a through 234t, such as T antennas (T ≥ 1) . The UE 120 may be equipped with a set of antennas 252a through 252r, such as R antennas (R ≥ 1) . The network node 110 of example 200 includes one or more radio frequency components, such as antennas 234 and a modem 232. In some examples, a network node 110 may include an interface, a communication component, or another component that facilitates communication with the UE 120 or another network node. Some network nodes 110 may not include radio frequency components that facilitate direct communication with the UE 120, such as one or more CUs, or one or more DUs.
[0060] At the network node 110, a transmit processor 220 may receive data, from a data source 212, intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs 120) . The transmit processor 220 may select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for the UE 120 based at least in part on one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from that UE 120. The network node 110 may process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for the UE 120 based at least in part on the MCS (s) selected for the UE 120 and may provide data symbols for the UE 120. The transmit processor 220 may process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) ) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processor 220 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) ) and synchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ) . A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a corresponding set of modems 232 (e.g., T modems) , shown as modems 232a through 232t. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 232. Each modem 232 may use a respective modulator component to process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further use a respective modulator component to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may transmit a set of downlink signals (e.g., T downlink signals) via a corresponding set of antennas 234 (e.g., T antennas) , shown as antennas 234a through 234t.
[0061] At the UE 120, a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r) may receive the downlink signals from the network node 110 and / or other network nodes 110 and may provide a set of received signals (e.g., R received signals) to a set of modems 254 (e.g., R modems) , shown as modems 254a through 254r. For example, each received signal may be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use a respective demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use a demodulator component to further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. A receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to a data sink 260, and may provide decoded control information and system information to a controller / processor 280. The term “controller / processor” may refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. A channel processor may determine a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, and / or a CQI parameter, among other examples. In some examples, one or more components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing 284.
[0062] The network controller 130 may include a communication unit 294, a controller / processor 290, and a memory 292. The network controller 130 may include, for example, one or more devices in a core network. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network node 110 via the communication unit 294.
[0063] One or more antennas (e.g., antennas 234a through 234t and / or antennas 252a through 252r) may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, and / or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, and / or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings) , a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, and / or one or more antenna elements coupled to one or more transmission and / or reception components, such as one or more components of Fig. 2.
[0064] On the uplink, at the UE 120, a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., for reports that include RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and / or CQI) from the controller / processor 280. The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 if applicable, further processed by the modems 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM) , and transmitted to the network node 110. In some examples, the modem 254 of the UE 120 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of the antenna (s) 252, the modem (s) 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., the controller / processor 280) and the memory 282 to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (e.g., with reference to Figs. 8-16) .
[0065] At the network node 110, the uplink signals from UE 120 and / or other UEs may be received by the antennas 234, processed by the modem 232 (e.g., a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of the modem 232) , detected by a MIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by the UE 120. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and provide the decoded control information to the controller / processor 240. The network node 110 may include a communication unit 244 and may communicate with the network controller 130 via the communication unit 244. The network node 110 may include a scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink and / or uplink communications. In some examples, the modem 232 of the network node 110 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the network node 110 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of the antenna (s) 234, the modem (s) 232, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 220, and / or the TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., the controller / processor 240) and the memory 242 to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (e.g., with reference to Figs. 8-16) .
[0066] The controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, and / or any other component (s) of Fig. 2 may perform one or more techniques associated with virtual resources for RACH procedures, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, and / or any other component (s) of Fig. 2 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 1300 of Fig. 13, process 1400 of Fig. 14, and / or other processes as described herein. The memory 242 and the memory 282 may store data and program codes for the network node 110 and the UE 120, respectively. In some examples, the memory 242 and / or the memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (e.g., code and / or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed (e.g., directly, or after compiling, converting, and / or interpreting) by one or more processors of the network node 110 and / or the UE 120, may cause the one or more processors, the UE 120, and / or the network node 110 to perform or direct operations of, for example, process 1300 of Fig. 13, process 1400 of Fig. 14, and / or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0067] In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for receiving, before or during a RACH procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources; means for transmitting, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources; and / or means for receiving, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, that is transmitted via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources. The means for the UE 120 to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.
[0068] In some aspects, the network node 110 includes means for transmitting, before or during a RACH procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources; means for receiving, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources; and / or means for transmitting, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources. The means for the network node 110 to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246.
[0069] In some aspects, an individual processor may perform all of the functions described as being performed by the one or more processors. In some aspects, one or more processors may collectively perform a set of functions. For example, a first set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a first function described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a second function described as being performed by the one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors. Reference to “one or more processors” should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2. Reference to “one or more memories” should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of a corresponding device, such as the memory described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, functions described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or different subsets of the one or more memories.
[0070] While blocks in Fig. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.
[0071] As indicated above, Fig. 2 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 2.
[0072] Deployment of communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a RAN node, a core network node, a network element, a base station, or a network equipment may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a base station (such as a Node B (NB) , an evolved NB (eNB) , an NR base station, a 5G NB, an access point (AP) , a TRP, or a cell, among other examples) , or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone base station or a monolithic base station) or a disaggregated base station. “Network entity” or “network node” may refer to a disaggregated base station, or to one or more units of a disaggregated base station (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, one or more RUs, or a combination thereof) .
[0073] An aggregated base station (e.g., an aggregated network node) may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or unit) . A disaggregated base station (e.g., a disaggregated network node) may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs) . In some examples, a CU may be implemented within a network node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other network nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU also can be implemented as virtual units, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples.
[0074] Base station-type operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an IAB network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) ) , or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) ) to facilitate scaling of communication systems by separating base station functionality into one or more units that can be individually deployed. A disaggregated base station may include functionality implemented across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as functionality implemented for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of the disaggregated base station can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit of the disaggregated base station.
[0075] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 300, in accordance with the present disclosure. The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 through one or more disaggregated control units (such as a Near-RT RIC 325 via an E2 link, or a Non-RT RIC 315 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 305, or both) . A CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as through F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.
[0076] Each of the units, including the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, as well as the Near-RT RICs 325, the Non-RT RICs 315, and the SMO Framework 305, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled with one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to one or multiple communication interfaces of the respective unit, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. In some examples, each of the units can include a wired interface, configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units, and a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0077] In some aspects, the CU 310 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among other examples. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 310. The CU 310 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (for example, Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) functionality) , control plane functionality (for example, Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) functionality) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 310 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. A CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 can be implemented to communicate with a DU 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0078] Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. In some aspects, the DU 330 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some aspects, the one or more high PHY layers may be implemented by one or more modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, and modulation and demodulation, among other examples. In some aspects, the DU 330 may further host one or more low PHY layers, such as implemented by one or more modules for a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, among other examples. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 310.
[0079] Each RU 340 may implement lower-layer functionality. In some deployments, an RU 340, controlled by a DU 330, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low-PHY layer functions, such as performing an FFT, performing an iFFT, digital beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, based on a functional split (for example, a functional split defined by the 3GPP) , such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RU 340 can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 340 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable each DU 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0080] The SMO Framework 305 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 305 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 305 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 310, DUs 330, RUs 340, non-RT RICs 315, and Near-RT RICs 325. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 305 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 311, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 305 can communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a respective O1 interface. The SMO Framework 305 also may include a Non-RT RIC 315 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 305.
[0081] The Non-RT RIC 315 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 325. The Non-RT RIC 315 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 325. The Near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 325.
[0082] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 325, the Non-RT RIC 315 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 325 and may be received at the SMO Framework 305 or the Non-RT RIC 315 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 315 or the Near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 315 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 305 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .
[0083] As indicated above, Fig. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 3.
[0084] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating examples 400, 410, and 420 of CSI-RS beam management procedures, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 4, examples 400, 410, and 420 include a UE 120 in communication with a network node 110 in a wireless network (e.g., wireless network 100) . However, the devices shown in Fig. 4 are provided as examples, and the wireless network may support communication and beam management between other devices (e.g., between a UE 120 and a network node 110 or transmit receive point (TRP) , between a mobile termination node and a control node, between an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) child node and an IAB parent node, and / or between a scheduled node and a scheduling node) . In some aspects, the UE 120 and the network node 110 may be in a connected state (e.g., an RRC connected state) .
[0085] As shown in Fig. 4, example 400 may include a network node 110 (e.g., one or more network node devices such as an RU, a DU, and / or a CU, among other examples) and a UE 120 communicating to perform beam management using CSI-RSs. Example 400 depicts a first beam management procedure (e.g., P1 CSI-RS beam management) . The first beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam selection procedure, an initial beam acquisition procedure, a beam sweeping procedure, a cell search procedure, and / or a beam search procedure. As shown in Fig. 4 and example 400, CSI-RSs may be configured to be transmitted from the network node 110 to the UE 120. The CSI-RSs may be configured to be periodic (e.g., using RRC signaling) , semi-persistent (e.g., using media access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) signaling) , and / or aperiodic (e.g., using downlink control information (DCI) ) .
[0086] The first beam management procedure may include the network node 110 performing beam sweeping over multiple transmit (Tx) beams. The network node 110 may transmit a CSI-RS using each transmit beam for beam management. To enable the UE 120 to perform receive (Rx) beam sweeping, the network node may use a transmit beam to transmit (e.g., with repetitions) each CSI-RS at multiple times within the same reference signal (RS) resource set so that the UE 120 can sweep through receive beams in multiple transmission instances. For example, if the network node 110 has a set of N transmit beams and the UE 120 has a set of M receive beams, the CSI-RS may be transmitted on each of the N transmit beams M times so that the UE 120 may receive M instances of the CSI-RS per transmit beam. In other words, for each transmit beam of the network node 110, the UE 120 may perform beam sweeping through the receive beams of the UE 120. As a result, the first beam management procedure may enable the UE 120 to measure a CSI-RS on different transmit beams using different receive beams to support selection of network node 110 transmit beams / UE 120 receive beam (s) beam pair (s) . The UE 120 may report the measurements to the network node 110 to enable the network node 110 to select one or more beam pair (s) for communication between the network node 110 and the UE 120. While example 400 has been described in connection with CSI-RSs, the first beam management process may also use synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) for beam management in a similar manner as described above.
[0087] As shown in Fig. 4, example 410 may include a network node 110 and a UE 120 communicating to perform beam management using CSI-RSs. Example 410 depicts a second beam management procedure (e.g., P2 CSI-RS beam management) . The second beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam refinement procedure, a network node beam refinement procedure, a TRP beam refinement procedure, and / or a transmit beam refinement procedure. As shown in Fig. 4 and example 410, CSI-RSs may be configured to be transmitted from the network node 110 to the UE 120. The CSI-RSs may be configured to be aperiodic (e.g., using DCI) . The second beam management procedure may include the network node 110 performing beam sweeping over one or more transmit beams. The one or more transmit beams may be a subset of all transmit beams associated with the network node 110 (e.g., determined based at least in part on measurements reported by the UE 120 in connection with the first beam management procedure) . The network node 110 may transmit a CSI-RS using each transmit beam of the one or more transmit beams for beam management. The UE 120 may measure each CSI-RS using a single (e.g., a same) receive beam (e.g., determined based at least in part on measurements performed in connection with the first beam management procedure) . The second beam management procedure may enable the network node 110 to select a best transmit beam based at least in part on measurements of the CSI-RSs (e.g., measured by the UE 120 using the single receive beam) reported by the UE 120.
[0088] As shown in Fig. 4, example 420 depicts a third beam management procedure (e.g., P3 CSI-RS beam management) . The third beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam refinement procedure, a UE beam refinement procedure, and / or a receive beam refinement procedure. As shown in Fig. 4 and example 420, one or more CSI-RSs may be configured to be transmitted from the network node 110 to the UE 120. The CSI-RSs may be configured to be aperiodic (e.g., using DCI) . The third beam management process may include the network node 110 transmitting the one or more CSI-RSs using a single transmit beam (e.g., determined based at least in part on measurements reported by the UE 120 in connection with the first beam management procedure and / or the second beam management procedure) . To enable the UE 120 to perform receive beam sweeping, the network node may use a transmit beam to transmit (e.g., with repetitions) CSI-RS at multiple times within the same RS resource set so that UE 120 can sweep through one or more receive beams in multiple transmission instances. The one or more receive beams may be a subset of all receive beams associated with the UE 120 (e.g., determined based at least in part on measurements performed in connection with the first beam management procedure and / or the second beam management procedure) . The third beam management procedure may enable the network node 110 and / or the UE 120 to select a best receive beam based at least in part on reported measurements received from the UE 120 (e.g., of the CSI-RS of the transmit beam using the one or more receive beams) .
[0089] As indicated above, Fig. 4 is provided as an example of beam management procedures. Other examples of beam management procedures may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 4. For example, the UE 120 and the network node 110 may perform the third beam management procedure before performing the second beam management procedure, and / or the UE 120 and the network node 110 may perform a similar beam management procedure to select a UE transmit beam.
[0090] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a four-step random access procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 5, a network node 110 and a UE 120 may communicate with one another to perform the four-step random access procedure.
[0091] As shown by reference number 505, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, one or more SSBs and random access configuration information. In some aspects, the random access configuration information may be transmitted in and / or indicated by system information (e.g., in one or more system information blocks (SIBs) ) and / or an SSB, such as for contention-based random access. Additionally, or alternatively, the random access configuration information may be transmitted in a radio resource control (RRC) message and / or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order message that triggers a RACH (e.g., PRACH) procedure, such as for contention-free random access. The random access configuration information may include one or more parameters to be used in the random access procedure, such as one or more parameters for transmitting a RAM and / or one or more parameters for receiving a random access response (RAR) .
[0092] As shown by reference number 510, the UE 120 may transmit a RAM, which may include a preamble (sometimes referred to as a random access preamble, a PRACH preamble, or a RAM preamble) . The message that includes the preamble may be referred to as a message 1, msg1, MSG1, a first message, or an initial message in a four-step random access procedure. The random access message may include a random access preamble identifier.
[0093] As shown by reference number 515, the network node 110 may transmit an RAR as a reply to the preamble. The message that includes the RAR may be referred to as message 2, msg2, MSG2, or a second message in a four-step random access procedure. In some aspects, the RAR may indicate the detected random access preamble identifier (e.g., received from the UE 120 in msg1) . Additionally, or alternatively, the RAR may indicate a resource allocation to be used by the UE 120 to transmit message 3 (msg3) .
[0094] In some aspects, as part of the second step of the four-step random access procedure, the network node 110 may transmit a PDCCH communication for the RAR. The PDCCH communication may schedule a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) communication that includes the RAR. For example, the PDCCH communication may indicate a resource allocation for the PDSCH communication. Also as part of the second step of the four-step random access procedure, the network node 110 may transmit the PDSCH communication for the RAR, as scheduled by the PDCCH communication. The RAR may be included in a MAC protocol data unit (PDU) of the PDSCH communication.
[0095] As shown by reference number 520, the UE 120 may transmit an RRC connection request message. The RRC connection request message may be referred to as message 3, msg3, MSG3, or a third message of a four-step random access procedure. In some aspects, the RRC connection request may include a UE identifier, uplink control information (UCI) , and / or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication (e.g., an RRC connection request) .
[0096] As shown by reference number 525, the network node 110 may transmit an RRC connection setup message. The RRC connection setup message may be referred to as message 4, msg4, MSG4, or a fourth message of a four-step random access procedure. In some aspects, the RRC connection setup message may include the detected UE identifier, a timing advance value, and / or contention resolution information. As shown by reference number 530, if the UE 120 successfully receives the RRC connection setup message, the UE 120 may transmit a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) .
[0097] As indicated above, Fig. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 5.
[0098] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 of a two-step random access procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 6, a network node 110 and a UE 120 may communicate with one another to perform the two-step random access procedure.
[0099] As shown by reference number 605, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) and random access configuration information. In some aspects, the random access configuration information may be transmitted in and / or indicated by system information (e.g., in one or more system information blocks (SIBs) ) and / or an SSB, such as for contention-based random access. Additionally, or alternatively, the random access configuration information may be transmitted in a radio resource control (RRC) message and / or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order message that triggers a RACH (e.g., PRACH) procedure, such as for contention-free random access. The random access configuration information may include one or more parameters to be used in the two-step random access procedure, such as one or more parameters for transmitting a random access message (RAM) and / or receiving a random access response (RAR) to the RAM.
[0100] As shown by reference number 610, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, a RAM preamble. As shown by reference number 615, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, a RAM payload. As shown, the UE 120 may transmit the RAM preamble and the RAM payload to the network node 110 as part of an initial (or first) step of the two-step random access procedure. In some aspects, the RAM may be referred to as message A, msgA, a first message, or an initial message in a two-step random access procedure. Furthermore, in some aspects, the RAM preamble may be referred to as a message A preamble, a msgA preamble, a preamble, or a physical random access channel (PRACH) preamble, and the RAM payload may be referred to as a message A payload, a msgA payload, or a payload. In some aspects, the RAM may include some or all of the contents of message 1 (msg1) and message 3 (msg3) of a four-step random access procedure, which is described in more detail below. For example, the RAM preamble may include some or all contents of message 1 (e.g., a PRACH preamble) , and the RAM payload may include some or all contents of message 3 (e.g., a UE identifier, UCI, and / or a PUSCH transmission) .
[0101] As shown by reference number 620, the network node 110 may receive the RAM preamble transmitted by the UE 120. If the network node 110 successfully receives and decodes the RAM preamble, the network node 110 may then receive and decode the RAM payload.
[0102] As shown by reference number 625, the network node 110 may transmit an RAR (sometimes referred to as an RAR message) . As shown, the network node 110 may transmit the RAR message as part of a second step of the two-step random access procedure. In some aspects, the RAR message may be referred to as message B, msgB, or a second message in a two-step random access procedure. The RAR message may include some or all of the contents of message 2 (msg2) and message 4 (msg4) of a four-step random access procedure. For example, the RAR message may include the detected PRACH preamble identifier, the detected UE identifier, a timing advance value, and / or contention resolution information.
[0103] As shown by reference number 630, as part of the second step of the two-step random access procedure, the network node 110 may transmit a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) communication for the RAR. The PDCCH communication may schedule a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) communication that includes the RAR. For example, the PDCCH communication may indicate a resource allocation (e.g., in downlink control information (DCI) ) for the PDSCH communication.
[0104] As shown by reference number 635, as part of the second step of the two-step random access procedure, the network node 110 may transmit the PDSCH communication for the RAR, as scheduled by the PDCCH communication. The RAR may be included in a medium access control (MAC) PDU of the PDSCH communication. As shown by reference number 640, if the UE 120 successfully receives the RAR, the UE 120 may transmit a HARQ ACK.
[0105] As indicated above, Fig. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 6.
[0106] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 of beam management, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown by reference number 710, a UE may initially be in an RRC idle state or an RRC inactivate state. As shown by reference number 720, the UE may perform an initial access and, as shown by reference number 730, may perform beam management after entering an RRC connected state as a result of the initial access. As shown by reference number 740, the UE may perform a beam failure detection (BFD) , and, as shown by reference number 750, the UE may perform a beam failure recovery (BFR) based at least in part on the BFD. As shown by reference number 760, when the BFR is not successful, the UE may declare a radio link failure (RLF) .
[0107] In some examples, the initial access may involve SSB wide beam sweeping. In some examples, the initial access may involve contention-based random access (CBRA) .
[0108] In some examples, the beam management may include P1, P2, and / or P3 beam management procedures, as described herein. In some examples, the beam management may include U1, U2 and / or U3 beam management procedures, which may be based on sounding reference signals (SRSs) . The P1, P2, and / or P3 beam management procedures may be downlink beam management procedures, and the U1, U2 and / or U3 beam management procedures may be uplink beam management procedures. In some examples, the beam management may be based on Layer 1 reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) measurements. L1-RSRP measurements may be reported by the UE, or L1-RSRP measurements may be measured by the UE. The L1-RSRP measurements that are reported by the UE may be used to perform an inference at the network node. The L1-RSRP measurements that are measured by the UE may be used to perform an inference at the UE. In some examples, the beam management may be based on one or more transmission configuration indication (TCI) states of the beam (s) .
[0109] In some examples, the beam management may involve one or more of Layer 1 (L1) signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) reporting, overhead and latency reduction (e.g., based on beam updates for a component carrier group (CC-group) and / or faster uplink) , or the like. In some examples, the beam management may involve further latency and efficient enhancements (e.g., unified TCI states, L1 / Layer 2 (L2) –centric mobility, dynamic TCI updates, uplink multi-panel selection, maximum permissible exposure (MPE) mitigation, further beam management latency reduction, or the like) , high-speed train (HST) / single frequency network (SFN) scenarios, beam management for multiple transmission and reception point (mTRP) , or the like.
[0110] The UE may perform BFD and BFR for primary cell (Pcell) and / or primary and secondary cell (PScell) BFR. For example, the UE may perform BFD via BFD reference signals (BFD-RSs) and physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) block error rate (BLER) , BFR based on contention-free random access (CFRA) , or the like. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform BFD and BFR for secondary cell (Scell) . For example, the UE may transmit a link recovery request via a scheduling request (SR) and / or may perform BFD for Scell based on MAC-CE messaging.
[0111] As indicated above, Fig. 7 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 7.
[0112] One or more AI / ML models may be used for facilitating wireless communication tasks. Lifecycle management of an AI / ML model may involve model training, model deployment, model inference, model monitoring, and model updating. The model training may involve AI / ML model training (e.g., offline training) , validation, and / or testing, among other examples. AI / ML model training may also involve data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing, data cleaning, data formatting, and / or transformation, among other examples) based on training data delivered by the data collection function. The model deployment may include deploying the AI / ML model (e.g., at a UE or a network node) .
[0113] The model inference may involve providing inference data as input data to the AI / ML model and obtaining an AI / ML model inference output (e.g., predictions, classifications, estimations, and / or decisions, among other examples) . In some cases, the model inference may involve providing model performance feedback to the model training function. The model inference may also involve performing data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing, data cleaning, data formatting, and / or transformation, among other examples) based on inference data.
[0114] The model monitoring may involve monitoring the AI / ML model for model performance (e.g., how often, and / or to what extent, predictions generated by the AI / ML model are correct) . For example, poor performance by an AI / ML model (e.g., if the accuracies of the predictions of the AI / ML model fall below a threshold) may trigger a fallback to a non-AI / ML model. Model updating may involve retraining the AI / ML model or switching to a different AI / ML model. In some examples, model monitoring may trigger model updating.
[0115] AI / ML-based predictive beam management may involve beam management using AI / ML. One problem with traditional beam management procedures is that beam qualities / failures are identified via measurements, which may require power / overhead to achieve good performance. Further, beam accuracy may be limited due to restrictions on power / overhead, and latency / throughput may be impacted by beam resuming efforts. AI / ML-based predictive beam management may provide predictive beam management in a spatial domain (SD) , time domain (TD) , and / or frequency domain (FD) , and may result in latency and overhead reduction and / or beam selection accuracy improvement.
[0116] For AI / ML-based beam management, a first case of beam management and a second case of beam management may be supported for characterization and baseline performance evaluations. In the first case, an SD downlink beam prediction for a Set A of beams may be based at least in part on measurement results of a Set B of beams. In the second case, a temporal downlink beam prediction for a Set A of beams may be based at least in part on historic measurement results of a Set B of beams. Thus, Set A may correspond to an output of the ML model, and Set B may correspond to an input of the model. Beams in Set A and beams in Set B may be in the same frequency range.
[0117] For the first case, a first alternative and a second alternative may be defined. In the first alternative, the beams in Set B may be a subset of the beams in Set A. A quantity of beams in Set A and a quantity of beams in Set B may be defined. The beams in Set B may be determined from the beams in Set A based at least in part on a fixed pattern or a random pattern. In the second alternative, the beams in Set A may be different than the beams in Set B (e.g., the beams in set B may not be a subset of the beams in Set A) . For example, the beams in Set A may be associated with narrow beams, and the beams in Set B may be associated with wide beams. A quantity of beams in Set A and a quantity of beams in Set B may be defined. A quasi-co-location (QCL) relation may be defined between beams in Set A and beams in Set B. With respect to the first alternative and the second alternative, Set A may be associated with a downlink beam prediction and Set B may be associated with a downlink beam measurement. A codebook construction for Set A and a codebook construction for Set B may be defined.
[0118] During initial access (e.g., a PRACH procedure) , throughput increases slowly due to P2 / P3 refinement. For example, when a UE initially establishes a connection to a cell through PRACH, throughput is ramped-up gradually because beam management during PRACH (e.g., a P1 procedure, which is typically based on wide beams) may be based on SSBs. The throughput enabled by SSB (e.g., wide) beams may be lower than the throughput enabled by narrow beams. Narrow beams are typically formed through CSI-RSs, which are available only after RRC connection setup. CSI-RS based P2 / P3 refinement can be scheduled to enable higher throughput. However, before the UE finishes the P2 / P3 refinement, the achievable throughput may be low, and ramp-up of the throughput can be delayed because P2 / P3 refinement typically requires beam sweepings.
[0119] In some cases, cell-common CSI-RSs can be RRC-configured via system information, and the UE can report the top-K CSI-RS resource indicators (CRIs) and / or measured L1-RSRPs (e.g., in a msgA / msg3) . Using cell-common CSI-RSs to enable early P2 refinement during PRACH can be wasteful (e.g., in case the quantity of UEs accessing the cell is limited) and can lead to a longer initial access latency because the UE measures the CSI-RSs during / before PRACH.
[0120] In some cases, aperiodic (AP) CSI-RSs and AP channel state information (CSI) reports can be RRC configured through system information, and msg2 / msgB can trigger the AP CSI-RSs with an AP CSI report to provide feedback including the top-K CRIs and / or corresponding L1-RSRPs. Measuring AP CSI-RSs during PRACH to enable early P2 refinement can lead to extended initial access latency and / or cause scheduling restrictions (e.g., for RAR) .
[0121] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example 800 associated with virtual resources for a RACH procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 8, a network node 110 and a UE 120 may communicate with one another. In some aspects, network node 110 and UE 120 may be included in a wireless network, such as wireless network 100. Network node 110 and UE 120 may communicate via a wireless access link, which may include an uplink and a downlink. In some examples, the UE 120 may access (e.g., initially access) a cell of the network node 110 through the RACH procedure (e.g., a two-step or four-step RACH procedure) based on actually transmitted SSBs associated with the cell.
[0122] As shown by reference number 810, the network node 110 transmits, and the UE 120 receives, before or during a RACH procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources. The virtual resources may be associated with the cell but not actually used for transmission (e.g., yet) . In some examples, the virtual resources may include representations (e.g., beam identifiers) of candidate beams. For instance, the candidate beams may be candidate transmit beams (e.g., candidate narrows beams) .
[0123] The UE 120 may identify the virtual resources based on remaining minimum system information (RMSI) , a downlink message, or associations between the virtual resources and the actually transmitted SSBs associated with the cell. In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, RMSI that configures the one or more virtual resources. For example, the network node 110 may configure the virtual resources in the RMSI.
[0124] In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, during the RACH procedure, a downlink message that indicates the one or more virtual resources. In some examples, the network node 110 may, in the case of a four-step RACH procedure, indicate the virtual resources via msg2 or one or more other downlink messages after msg2. In some examples, the network node 110 may, in the case of a two-step RACH procedure, indicate the virtual resources via msgB or one or more other downlink messages after msgB.
[0125] In some examples, the virtual resources indicated in the downlink message may be down-selected from virtual resources configured in the RMSI. In some examples, the network node 110 may configure or indicate the associations between the virtual resources and the actually transmitted SSBs in the RMSI or the downlink message as described above. The associations may be based on properties associated with the virtual resources and / or the actually transmitted SSBs. For example, the associations may be based on absolute / relative pointing directions, beam widths, quasi-co-location (QCL) , parent-child relationships, or the like.
[0126] As shown by reference number 820, the UE 120 transmits, and the network node 110 receives, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources. For example, the UE 120 may predict (e.g., using spatial beam prediction, such as ML-assisted spatial beam prediction) and report the predicted channel characteristics of the candidate beams associated with the virtual resources. The predicted channel characteristics may be associated with any suitable quantity of virtual resources.
[0127] In some aspects, the predicted channel characteristics may include one or more RSRPs or SINRs associated with the one or more virtual resources. For example, the predicted channel characteristics may include one or more L1-RSRPs or L1-SINRs associated with one or more of the virtual resources. In some aspects, the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics includes an indication of the one or more virtual resources based at least in part on one or more RSRPs or SINRs associated with the one or more virtual resources. For example, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, top-K resources (from among the virtual resources) in terms of the strengths of the L1-RSRPs and / or L1-SINRs of the top-K resources.
[0128] In some aspects, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, an uplink message, associated with the RACH procedure, that includes the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics. The UE 120 may report the predicted channel characteristics in an uplink message. In the case of a four-step RACH procedure, the UE 120 may report the predicted channel characteristics through a msg3 or one or more other uplink messages after the msg3. In the case of a two-step RACH procedure, the UE 120 may report the predicted channel characteristics through a msgA or one or more other uplink messages after the msg3.
[0129] As shown by reference number 830, the network node 110 transmits, and the UE 120 receives, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message associated with the RACH procedure. The network node 110 transmits the downlink message via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources.
[0130] The indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources may enable early and virtual P2 / P3 refinement during a PRACH procedure based on (e.g., via) UE-side spatial (e.g., SD) beam prediction. For example, the network node 110 and UE 120 may avoid using CSI-RSs to carry out actual P2 / P3 refinement. As a result, the network node 110 and UE 120 may achieve faster throughput ramp-up for initial access and reduce latency and overhead compared to actual P2 / P3 refinement via CSI-RSs.
[0131] As indicated above, Fig. 8 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 8.
[0132] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example 900 associated with a four-step RACH procedure and an example 910 associated with a two-step RACH procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0133] Turning first to example 900, as shown by reference number 920, the UE 120 transmits, and the network node 110 receives, a msg1. As shown by reference number 930, the network node 110 transmits, and the UE 120 receives, a msg2 via a wide beam based on SSB. As shown by reference number 940, the UE 120 transmits, and the network node 110 receives, a msg3 that contains predicted channel characteristics (e.g., prediction results for narrow beams (e.g., virtual beams) ) . As shown by reference number 950, the network node 110 transmits, and the UE 120 receives, a msg4 via a narrow beam. The narrow beam may be selected based on the predicted channel characteristics. Thus, the predicted channel characteristics may enable the msg4 to be transmitted over a narrow beam (without actual CSI-RS measurements) , thereby achieving faster throughput ramp-up for initial access and reduced latency and overhead.
[0134] Turning now to example 910, as shown by reference number 960, the UE 120 transmits, and the network node 110 receives, a msgA that contains predicted channel characteristics (e.g., prediction results for narrow beams (e.g., virtual beams) ) . As shown by reference number 970, the network node 110 transmits, and the UE 120 receives, a msgB via a narrow beam. The narrow beam may be selected based on the predicted channel characteristics. Thus, the predicted channel characteristics may enable the msgB to be transmitted over a narrow beam (without actual CSI-RS measurements) , thereby achieving faster throughput ramp-up for initial access and reduced latency and overhead.
[0135] As indicated above, Fig. 9 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 9.
[0136] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example 1000 associated with RMSI that configures virtual resources, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0137] As shown by reference number 1010, the network node 110 transmits, and the UE 120 receives, before or during (e.g., before) a RACH procedure, RMSI that configures the one or more virtual resources. In some examples, the RMSI may configure the virtual resources and associations between the virtual resources and the actually transmitted SSBs. In some examples, the RMSI may configure a quantity of resources to be addressed in prediction results. For example, the RMSI may configure the quantity of resources with the corresponding L1-RSRPs / L1-SINRs, or the value of K if the top-K resources are to be reported.
[0138] As shown by reference number 1020, the UE 120 may identify (e.g., based on the RMSI) candidate virtual resources to be predicted. For example, the virtual resources configured by the RMSI may be down-selected to identify which virtual resources are to be included in the prediction results. For example, the UE 120 may determine the predicted characteristics of the virtual resources before transmitting a msg1 / msgA. For example, the UE 120 may perform a virtual P2 procedure before transmitting the msg1 / msgA. As shown by reference number 1030, the UE 120 may generate the prediction results (e.g., prediction results feedback) . The prediction results may include an indication of the predicted channel characteristics.
[0139] In some examples, QCL information (e.g., at least TypeD-QCL) may be configured for respective virtual resources. For example, each virtual resource may be quasi-co-located with one or more of the actually transmitted SSBs. In some examples, parent-child association information may be configured for respective virtual resources. For example, each virtual resource may be considered as a child resource with respect to one or more of the actually transmitted SSBs. If the QCL information or the parent-child association information is configured, and the UE 120 is to use a RACH occasion, PUSCH occasion, or preamble associated with a first (e.g., initial) actually transmitted SSB to transmit a msg1 or msgA, then the UE 120 may address (e.g., include) , in the prediction results, the virtual resources that are quasi-co-located with the first actually transmitted SSB or the virtual resources that are child resources of the first actually transmitted SSB. For example, the UE 120 may address only the virtual resources that are quasi-co-located with the first actually transmitted SSB or the virtual resources that are child resources of the first actually transmitted SSB. The capability for the UE 120 to address only the virtual resources that are quasi-co-located with the first actually transmitted SSB or the virtual resources that are child resources of the first actually transmitted SSB may be predefined in a standard and / or activated by the RMSI configuration.
[0140] As shown by reference number 1040, the UE 120 may transmit, and the network node 110 may receive, before or during (e.g., during) a RACH procedure, an uplink message that includes the indication of the predicted channel characteristics (e.g., the prediction results) . For example, the UE 120 may report the prediction results to the network node 110 via msg1, msg3, msgA, or any other suitable uplink message that occurs after the msg1, msg3, or msgA.
[0141] In some aspects, the RACH procedure may be a four-step RACH procedure. For example, the predicted channel characteristics may be reported via msg1, msg3, and / or any other suitable uplink message after the msg3. Some examples may involve msg1 and msg3 reporting. For example, msg1 RACH occasions (ROs) and / or preambles may be partitioned such that the UE 120 that is to report the prediction results can select certain subsets of ROs and / or preambles (which are not identifiable by legacy UEs) to transmit msg1. The RAR uplink grant may schedule the PUSCH for a msg3 transmission that satisfies the payload size associated with (e.g., required for) transmitting the prediction results in msg3.
[0142] Some examples may involve msg3-only reporting. These examples may not involve RO / preamble partitioning for the UE 120 to indicate a UE preference regarding reporting the prediction results in msg3. The UE 120 may determine whether to provide feedback regarding the prediction results. A legacy UE may not identify the virtual resource configuration and, thus, may not transmit a prediction results report in msg3.
[0143] Some examples may involve the UE 120 reporting the prediction results via other uplink messages after msg3. In some cases, the UE 120 may report the prediction results via other uplink messages after msg3 based on jointly using the msg3. For example, the msg3 may indicate a UE preference to report the prediction results. In some cases, the UE 120 may report the prediction results via other uplink messages after msg3 independent from other uplink messages that occur before the other uplink message (s) carrying the prediction results.
[0144] In some aspects, the RACH procedure may be a two-step RACH procedure. For example, the predicted channel characteristics may be reported via a msgA preamble, a msgA PUSCH, and / or any other suitable uplink message after the msgA. Some examples may involve msgA preamble and msgA PUSCH reporting. For example, msgA ROs and / or preambles may be partitioned such that the UE 120 that is to report the prediction results can select certain subsets of ROs and / or preambles (which are not identifiable by legacy UEs) to transmit the msgA preamble. The msgA POs associated with the msgA ROs may satisfy the payload size associated with (e.g., required for) the UE 120 to transmit the prediction results.
[0145] Some examples may involve msgA-PUSCH-only reporting. These examples may not involve msgA RO / preamble partitioning for the UE 120 to indicate a UE preference regarding reporting the prediction results in the msgA PUSCH. The UE 120 may determine whether to provide feedback regarding the prediction results. A legacy UE may not identify the virtual resource configuration and, thus, may not transmit a prediction results report in the msgA PUSCH.
[0146] Some examples may involve the UE 120 reporting the prediction results via other uplink messages after the msgA. In some cases, the UE 120 may report the prediction results via other uplink messages after msgA based on jointly using the msgA. For example, the msgA PUSCH may indicate a UE preference to report the prediction results. In some cases, the UE 120 may report the prediction results via other uplink messages after the msgA independent from other uplink messages that occur before the other uplink message (s) carrying the prediction results.
[0147] The RMSI configuring the one or more virtual resources may enable the UE 120 to identify and report the predicted channel characteristics autonomously. For example, the UE 120 may report the predicted channel characteristics without assistance from the network node 110 in down-selecting the virtual resources. As a result, the RMSI configuring the one or more virtual resources may avoid overhead that would otherwise be present if the network node 110 were to assist in down-selecting the virtual resources.
[0148] As indicated above, Fig. 10 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 10.
[0149] Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example 1100 associated with a downlink message that indicates virtual resources, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0150] As shown by reference number 1110, the network node 110 transmits, and the UE 120 receives, before or during (e.g., before) a RACH procedure, RMSI that configures overall (e.g., global) candidate virtual resources. In some examples, the RMSI may configure any suitably quantity of the virtual resources and / or the RMSI may configure associations between the virtual resources and the actually transmitted SSBs. In some examples, the RMSI may configure a quantity of resources to be addressed in prediction results. For example, the RMSI may configure the quantity of resources with the corresponding L1-RSRPs / L1-SINRs, or the value of K if the top-K resources are to be reported.
[0151] As shown by reference number 1120, the UE 120 may identify (e.g., based on the RMSI) the overall virtual resources to be predicted. As shown by reference number 1130, the network node may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, a msg1 or msgA.
[0152] As shown by reference number 1140, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, a downlink message (e.g., a msg2 or msgB, and / or another downlink message) that indicates the one or more virtual resources that the UE 120 is to generate predicted channel characteristics for. The one or more virtual resources may be down-selected from the overall candidate virtual resources (e.g., the overall quantity of virtual resources) . For example, the network node 110 may predict the down-selected virtual resources based on historical observations on multiple UEs, a location of the UE 120, or the like.
[0153] As shown by reference number 1150, the downlink message (e.g., msg2, msgB, or the like) may trigger a prediction (e.g., a prediction of channel characteristics associated with the virtual resources) based on the down-selected virtual resources. For example, the downlink message may trigger a virtual P2 process during a PRACH procedure. The UE 120 may determine the predicted channel characteristics based on the indication in the downlink message (e.g., based on the down-selected virtual resources indicated by the network node 110) . In some examples, the UE 120 may address the predicted channel characteristics, in prediction results feedback, of only the down-selected virtual resources (e.g., and not of the overall virtual resources that were not indicated in the downlink message) .
[0154] As shown by reference number 1160, the UE 120 may generate a prediction results report (e.g., the prediction results feedback) . For example, the prediction results report may include the predicted channel characteristics associated with the down-selected virtual resources.
[0155] As shown by reference number 1170, the UE 120 may transmit, before or during (e.g., during) the RACH procedure, an indication of the predicted channel characteristics associated with the down-selected virtual resources. For example, the UE 120 may report the predicted channel characteristics in a msg3, a msg “C, ” (e.g., a message that occurs after msgB) or any other suitable uplink message that occurs after the msg2 or msgB.
[0156] In some examples, the RMSI may also include an AP CSI report setting with respect to an AP CSI report. For example, the AP CSI report may be triggered by a msg2, msgB, or any other suitable downlink message that occurs after the msg2 or msgB. The downlink message (e.g., the msg2, msgB, or the like) may trigger the AP CSI report by indicating one of multiple virtual resource sets associated with the AP CSI report. For example, each virtual resource set may be associated with a virtual resource down-selection option. The quantity of resources (and / or the corresponding L1-RSRPs / L1-SINRs, or the value of K if top-K-resources is to be reported) that is to be addressed in the prediction results feedback may be configured by the AP CSI report setting. A PUSCH scheduled by an RAR uplink grant comprising the downlink message may comprise the AP CSI report.
[0157] In some aspects, the RACH procedure may be a four-step RACH procedure. For example, the predicted channel characteristics may be reported via msg1 and / or msg3. Some examples may involve a msg1 reporting preference regarding virtual P2 refinement. For example, msg1 ROs and / or preambles may be partitioned such that the UE 120 that is to report the prediction results can select certain subsets of ROs and / or preambles (which are not identifiable by legacy UEs) to transmit msg1. Some examples may involve a msg1 reporting preference regarding virtual P2 refinement. These examples may not involve RO / preamble partitioning for the UE 120 to indicate a UE preference regarding reporting the prediction results. The UE 120 may indicate a UE preference to report the prediction results in msg3 (e.g., in a case where the actual prediction results are triggered by downlink messages after msg2) .
[0158] In some aspects, the RACH procedure may be a two-step RACH procedure. For example, the predicted channel characteristics may be reported via a msgA PUSCH in the two-step RACH. Some examples may involve a msgA preamble reporting preference regarding virtual P2 refinement. For example, msgA ROs and / or preambles may be partitioned such that the UE 120 that is to report the prediction results can select certain subsets of ROs and / or preambles (which are not identifiable by legacy UEs) to transmit the msgA preamble. Some examples may involve a msgA PUSCH reporting preference regarding virtual P2 refinement. These examples may not involve msgA RO / preamble partitioning for the UE 120 to indicate a UE preference regarding reporting the prediction results. The UE 120 may indicate a UE preference to report the prediction results in the msgA PUSCH.
[0159] The downlink message that indicates the virtual resources (e.g., the down-selected virtual resources) may enable the network node 110 to assist with the down-selection. For example, the network node 110 may, using the downlink message, down-select the overall virtual resources. By assisting with the down-selection, the network node 110 may offload prediction operations from the UE 120, thereby conserving resources (e.g., processing resources, power, or the like) . Additionally, or alternatively, the network node 110 may provide more accurate prediction performance than the UE 120 if the UE 120 were to autonomously down-select the virtual resources.
[0160] As indicated above, Fig. 11 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 11.
[0161] Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example 1200 associated with an early and non-transparent typeD-QCL indication during a RACH (e.g., PRACH) procedure based on virtual resources, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0162] As shown by reference number 1210, the network node 110 and / or the UE 120 may determine whether the UE 120 can predict a receive beam with respect to the virtual resources. For example, the network node 110 and / or the UE 120 may determine whether the UE 120 can predict a preferred receive beam for receiving PDSCH transmitted by beams based on the virtual resources. For example, the network node 110 and / or the UE 120 may determine whether the UE 120 can perform virtual P3 refinement.
[0163] As shown by reference number 1220, if the UE 120 cannot predict the receive beam, then the UE 120 may continue to use the receive beam that the UE 120 used for receiving the previous (e.g., “parent” ) SSB to receive PDSCH transmissions. For example, the UE 120 may use the same receive beam for the wide beam carrying the SSB and for the narrow (transmit) beam. For example, the UE 120 may use the same receive beam that received the SSB identified for the RACH procedure to receive the PDSCH transmitted by beams based on the virtual resources. The virtual resources may be quasi-co-located with the SSB or child resources of the SSB.
[0164] As shown by reference number 1230, if the UE 120 can predict the receive beam, then the network node 110 and / or the UE 120 may determine that a preference of the UE 120 is to use a receive beam predicted for the virtual resource. As shown by reference number 1240, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, during the RACH procedure, an indication of a TCI state associated with the virtual resource. For example, the network node 110 may indicate the TCI state for PDSCH and / or one or more RACH messages may be based on a specific virtual resource (e.g., based on one of the virtual resource identifiers) . In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, a downlink message that the UE 120 receives via a receive beam based at least in part on the TCI state.
[0165] In some examples, if the UE 120 has reported the prediction results through a certain uplink message during the RACH procedure, then the DCI scheduling the PxSCH (e.g., PUSCH or PDSCH) carrying downlink and / or uplink messages after the uplink message carrying the prediction results may indicate the TCI state of the PxSCH. For example, the DCI may indicate one of the virtual resources addressed in the UE prediction results as the TypeD-QCL source. For example, if the prediction results are reported by a msg3, then the DCI scheduling PDSCH for msg4 may contain the virtual resource identifier. Or, if the prediction results are reported by a msgA PUSCH, then the DCI scheduling PDSCH for msgB may contain the virtual resource identifier.
[0166] Whether the UE 120 should expect such an indication in the DCI may depend on whether the UE 120 has indicated a preference to receive the indication in the DCI when reporting the prediction results. For example, when reporting the prediction results, the UE 120 may indicate whether the UE 120 prefers to receive a TCI state indication via the DCI. Whether the UE 120 is to report the preference to receive the indication in the DCI when reporting the prediction results may be configured by RMSI or by CSI report setting. A UE (e.g., different than UE 120) that is unable to predict a receive beam associated with a preferred virtual resource may indicate that the UE does not prefer to receive the TCI state indication, and the receive beam that the UE uses for receiving the subsequent PDSCH may be based on the receive beam that received the SSB used for RACH.
[0167] As shown by reference number 1250, only a single virtual resource may be addressed in the prediction results. For example, the UE 120 may report, in an uplink message, prediction results that are associated with (e.g., contain) only a single virtual resource. For example, the UE 120 may report only a single L1-RSRP / L1-SINR with the associated virtual resource ID. Or, the UE 120 may report only a single strongest virtual resource ID in terms of L1-RSRP / L1-SINR.
[0168] As shown by reference number 1260, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, a downlink message that the UE 120 receives via a receive beam based at least in part on a default TCI state associated with the virtual resource. For example, the UE 120 may treat the PxSCH for downlink and / or uplink messages after the uplink message carrying the prediction results as being based on a default TCI state. The default TCI state may have a typeD-QCL source that is the virtual resource addressed in the uplink message. The UE 120 may treat the PxSCH as being based on a default TCI state unless or until the network node 110 indicates otherwise.
[0169] Whether the UE can use the default TCI state may depend on a predefinition (e.g., in a standards document) , a configuration by the RMSI, the UE 120 reporting a preference to use the default TCI state in the prediction results, or the like. The default TCI state may, or may not, be applied to PDCCH. For example, the default TCI state may not be applied to PDCCH because the search space before RRC connection setup is cell-common.
[0170] Receiving the indication of the TCI state, and receiving a downlink message via the receive beam based at least in part on the TCI state, may enable the UE 120 to use an appropriate receive beam to receive the downlink message (e.g., PDSCH) . Thus, the TCI state may improve downlink signaling compared to a scenario where a UE does not use the TCI state. The UE 120 receiving a downlink message via a receive beam based at least in part on the default TCI state may reduce overhead by enabling the network node 110 to avoid transmitting an indication of a TCI state associated with a virtual resource.
[0171] As indicated above, Fig. 12 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 12.
[0172] Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1300 performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1300 is an example where the apparatus or the UE (e.g., UE 120) performs operations associated with virtual resources for RACH procedures.
[0173] As shown in Fig. 13, in some aspects, process 1300 may include receiving, before or during a RACH procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources (block 1310) . For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 1502 and / or communication manager 1506, depicted in Fig. 15) may receive, before or during a RACH procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources, as described above.
[0174] As further shown in Fig. 13, in some aspects, process 1300 may include transmitting, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources (block 1320) . For example, the UE (e.g., using transmission component 1504 and / or communication manager 1506, depicted in Fig. 15) may transmit, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources, as described above.
[0175] As further shown in Fig. 13, in some aspects, process 1300 may include receiving, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, that is transmitted via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources (block 1330) . For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 1502 and / or communication manager 1506, depicted in Fig. 15) may receive, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, that is transmitted via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources, as described above.
[0176] Process 1300 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0177] In a first aspect, the one or more predicted channel characteristics include one or more RSRPs or SINRs associated with the one or more virtual resources.
[0178] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the indication of the one or more virtual resources is a first indication of the one or more virtual resources, and the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics includes a second indication of the one or more virtual resources based at least in part on one or more RSRPs or SINRs associated with the one or more virtual resources.
[0179] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, receiving the indication of the one or more virtual resources includes receiving RMSI that configures the one or more virtual resources, and transmitting the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics includes transmitting an uplink message, associated with the RACH procedure, that includes the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics.
[0180] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, receiving the indication of the one or more virtual resources includes receiving, during the RACH procedure, another downlink message that indicates the one or more virtual resources.
[0181] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the RACH procedure is a four-step RACH procedure.
[0182] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the RACH procedure is a two-step RACH procedure.
[0183] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, process 1300 includes receiving, during the RACH procedure, an indication of a TCI state associated with the virtual resource, and receiving the downlink message includes receiving the downlink message via a receive beam based at least in part on the TCI state.
[0184] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, receiving the downlink message includes receiving the downlink message via a receive beam based at least in part on a default TCI state associated with the virtual resource.
[0185] Although Fig. 13 shows example blocks of process 1300, in some aspects, process 1300 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 13. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1300 may be performed in parallel.
[0186] Fig. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1400 performed, for example, at a network node or an apparatus of a network node, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1400 is an example where the apparatus or the network node (e.g., network node 110) performs operations associated with virtual resources for RACH procedures.
[0187] As shown in Fig. 14, in some aspects, process 1400 may include transmitting, before or during a RACH procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources (block 1410) . For example, the network node (e.g., using transmission component 1604 and / or communication manager 1606, depicted in Fig. 16) may transmit, before or during a RACH procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources, as described above.
[0188] As further shown in Fig. 14, in some aspects, process 1400 may include receiving, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources (block 1420) . For example, the network node (e.g., using reception component 1602 and / or communication manager 1606, depicted in Fig. 16) may receive, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources, as described above.
[0189] As further shown in Fig. 14, in some aspects, process 1400 may include transmitting, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources (block 1430) . For example, the network node (e.g., using transmission component 1604 and / or communication manager 1606, depicted in Fig. 16) may transmit, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources, as described above.
[0190] Process 1400 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0191] In a first aspect, the one or more predicted channel characteristics include one or more RSRPs or SINRs associated with the one or more virtual resources.
[0192] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the indication of the one or more virtual resources is a first indication of the one or more virtual resources, and the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics includes a second indication of the one or more virtual resources based at least in part on one or more RSRPs or SINRs associated with the one or more virtual resources.
[0193] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, transmitting the indication of the one or more virtual resources includes transmitting RMSI that configures the one or more virtual resources, and receiving the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics includes receiving an uplink message, associated with the RACH procedure, that includes the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics.
[0194] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, transmitting the indication of the one or more virtual resources includes transmitting, during the RACH procedure, another downlink message that indicates the one or more virtual resources.
[0195] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the RACH procedure is a four-step RACH procedure.
[0196] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the RACH procedure is a two-step RACH procedure.
[0197] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, process 1400 includes transmitting, during the RACH procedure, an indication of a TCI state associated with the virtual resource, and the downlink message is received via a receive beam based at least in part on the TCI state.
[0198] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the downlink message is received via a receive beam based at least in part on a default TCI state associated with the virtual resource.
[0199] Although Fig. 14 shows example blocks of process 1400, in some aspects, process 1400 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 14. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1400 may be performed in parallel.
[0200] Fig. 15 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1500 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1500 may be a UE, or a UE may include the apparatus 1500. In some aspects, the apparatus 1500 includes a reception component 1502, a transmission component 1504, and / or a communication manager 1506, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1506 is the communication manager 140 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1500 may communicate with another apparatus 1508, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1502 and the transmission component 1504.
[0201] In some aspects, the apparatus 1500 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 8-12. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1500 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1300 of Fig. 13. In some aspects, the apparatus 1500 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 15 may include one or more components of the UE described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 15 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0202] The reception component 1502 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1508. The reception component 1502 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1500. In some aspects, the reception component 1502 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1500. In some aspects, the reception component 1502 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with Fig. 2.
[0203] The transmission component 1504 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1508. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1500 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1504 for transmission to the apparatus 1508. In some aspects, the transmission component 1504 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1508. In some aspects, the transmission component 1504 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1504 may be co-located with the reception component 1502 in one or more transceivers.
[0204] The communication manager 1506 may support operations of the reception component 1502 and / or the transmission component 1504. For example, the communication manager 1506 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1502 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1504. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1506 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1502 and / or the transmission component 1504 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0205] The reception component 1502 may receive, before or during a RACH procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources. The transmission component 1504 may transmit, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources. The reception component 1502 may receive, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, that is transmitted via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources.
[0206] The reception component 1502 may receive, during the RACH procedure, an indication of a TCI state associated with the virtual resource, and receiving the downlink message may include receiving the downlink message via a receive beam based at least in part on the TCI state.
[0207] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 15 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 15. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 15 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 15 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 15 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 15.
[0208] Fig. 16 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1600 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1600 may be a network node, or a network node may include the apparatus 1600. In some aspects, the apparatus 1600 includes a reception component 1602, a transmission component 1604, and / or a communication manager 1606, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1606 is the communication manager 150 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1600 may communicate with another apparatus 1608, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1602 and the transmission component 1604.
[0209] In some aspects, the apparatus 1600 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 8-12. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1600 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1400 of Fig. 14. In some aspects, the apparatus 1600 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 16 may include one or more components of the network node described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 16 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0210] The reception component 1602 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1608. The reception component 1602 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1600. In some aspects, the reception component 1602 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1600. In some aspects, the reception component 1602 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the network node described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the reception component 1602 and / or the transmission component 1604 may include or may be included in a network interface. The network interface may be configured to obtain and / or output signals for the apparatus 1600 via one or more communications links, such as a backhaul link, a midhaul link, and / or a fronthaul link.
[0211] The transmission component 1604 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1608. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1600 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1604 for transmission to the apparatus 1608. In some aspects, the transmission component 1604 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1608. In some aspects, the transmission component 1604 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the network node described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1604 may be co-located with the reception component 1602 in one or more transceivers.
[0212] The communication manager 1606 may support operations of the reception component 1602 and / or the transmission component 1604. For example, the communication manager 1606 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1602 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1604. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1606 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1602 and / or the transmission component 1604 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0213] The transmission component 1604 may transmit, before or during a RACH procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources. The reception component 1602 may receive, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources. The transmission component 1604 may transmit, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources.
[0214] The transmission component 1604 may transmit, during the RACH procedure, an indication of a TCI state associated with the virtual resource, and the downlink message may be received via a receive beam based at least in part on the TCI state.
[0215] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 16 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 16. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 16 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 16 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 16 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 16.
[0216] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0217] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a UE, comprising: receiving, before or during a RACH procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources; transmitting, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources; and receiving, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, that is transmitted via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources.
[0218] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the one or more predicted channel characteristics include one or more RSRPs or SINRs associated with the one or more virtual resources.
[0219] Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, wherein the indication of the one or more virtual resources is a first indication of the one or more virtual resources, and wherein the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics includes a second indication of the one or more virtual resources based at least in part on one or more RSRPs or SINRs associated with the one or more virtual resources.
[0220] Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1-3, wherein receiving the indication of the one or more virtual resources includes receiving RMSI that configures the one or more virtual resources, and wherein transmitting the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics includes transmitting an uplink message, associated with the RACH procedure, that includes the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics.
[0221] Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein receiving the indication of the one or more virtual resources includes: receiving, during the RACH procedure, another downlink message that indicates the one or more virtual resources.
[0222] Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 1-5, wherein the RACH procedure is a four-step RACH procedure.
[0223] Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein the RACH procedure is a two-step RACH procedure.
[0224] Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1-7, further comprising: receiving, during the RACH procedure, an indication of a TCI state associated with the virtual resource, wherein receiving the downlink message includes receiving the downlink message via a receive beam based at least in part on the TCI state.
[0225] Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-8, wherein receiving the downlink message includes receiving the downlink message via a receive beam based at least in part on a default TCI state associated with the virtual resource.
[0226] Aspect 10: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, comprising: transmitting, before or during a RACH procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources; receiving, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources; and transmitting, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources.
[0227] Aspect 11: The method of Aspect 10, wherein the one or more predicted channel characteristics include one or more RSRPs or SINRs associated with the one or more virtual resources.
[0228] Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 10-11, wherein the indication of the one or more virtual resources is a first indication of the one or more virtual resources, and wherein the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics includes a second indication of the one or more virtual resources based at least in part on one or more RSRPs or SINRs associated with the one or more virtual resources.
[0229] Aspect 13: The method of any of Aspects 10-12, wherein transmitting the indication of the one or more virtual resources includes transmitting RMSI that configures the one or more virtual resources, and wherein receiving the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics includes receiving an uplink message, associated with the RACH procedure, that includes the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics.
[0230] Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 10-13, wherein transmitting the indication of the one or more virtual resources includes: transmitting, during the RACH procedure, another downlink message that indicates the one or more virtual resources.
[0231] Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 10-14, wherein the RACH procedure is a four-step RACH procedure.
[0232] Aspect 16: The method of any of Aspects 10-15, wherein the RACH procedure is a two-step RACH procedure.
[0233] Aspect 17: The method of any of Aspects 10-16, further comprising: transmitting, during the RACH procedure, an indication of a TCI state associated with the virtual resource, wherein the downlink message is received via a receive beam based at least in part on the TCI state.
[0234] Aspect 18: The method of any of Aspects 10-17, wherein the downlink message is received via a receive beam based at least in part on a default TCI state associated with the virtual resource.
[0235] Aspect 19: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-18.
[0236] Aspect 20: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-18.
[0237] Aspect 21: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-18.
[0238] Aspect 22: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-18.
[0239] Aspect 23: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-18.
[0240] Aspect 24: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-18.
[0241] Aspect 25: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-18.
[0242] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.
[0243] As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, and / or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a “processor” is implemented in hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems and / or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems and / or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, since those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems and / or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein.
[0244] The hardware and data processing apparatus used to implement the various illustrative logics, logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose single-or multi-chip processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor also may be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In some aspects, particular processes and methods may be performed by circuitry that is specific to a given function.
[0245] As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, or the like.
[0246] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set. As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a +a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0247] No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (e.g., an element “having” A may also have B) . Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) .
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to:receive, before or during a random access channel (RACH) procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources;transmit, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources; andreceive, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, that is transmitted via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more predicted channel characteristics include one or more reference signal received powers (RSRPs) or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs) associated with the one or more virtual resources.3.The UE of claim 1, wherein the indication of the one or more virtual resources is a first indication of the one or more virtual resources, andwherein the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics includes a second indication of the one or more virtual resources based at least in part on one or more reference signal received powers (RSRPs) or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs) associated with the one or more virtual resources.4.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to receive the indication of the one or more virtual resources, are configured to cause the UE to receive remaining minimum system information (RMSI) that configures the one or more virtual resources, andwherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to transmit the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics, are configured to cause the UE to transmit an uplink message, associated with the RACH procedure, that includes the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics.5.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to receive the indication of the one or more virtual resources, are configured to cause the UE to:receive, during the RACH procedure, another downlink message that indicates the one or more virtual resources.6.The UE of claim 1, wherein the RACH procedure is a four-step RACH procedure.7.The UE of claim 1, wherein the RACH procedure is a two-step RACH procedure.8.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further configured to cause the UE to:receive, during the RACH procedure, an indication of a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state associated with the virtual resource,wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to receive the downlink message, are configured to cause the UE to receive the downlink message via a receive beam based at least in part on the TCI state.9.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the UE to receive the downlink message, are configured to cause the UE to receive the downlink message via a receive beam based at least in part on a default transmission configuration indication (TCI) state associated with the virtual resource.10.A network node for wireless communication, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the network node to:transmit, before or during a random access channel (RACH) procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources;receive, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources; andtransmit, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources.11.The network node of claim 10, wherein the one or more predicted channel characteristics include one or more reference signal received powers (RSRPs) or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs) associated with the one or more virtual resources.12.The network node of claim 10, wherein the indication of the one or more virtual resources is a first indication of the one or more virtual resources, andwherein the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics includes a second indication of the one or more virtual resources based at least in part on one or more reference signal received powers (RSRPs) or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs) associated with the one or more virtual resources.13.The network node of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the network node to transmit the indication of the one or more virtual resources, are configured to cause the network node to transmit remaining minimum system information (RMSI) that configures the one or more virtual resources, andwherein the one or more processors, to cause the network node to receive the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics, are configured to cause the network node to receive an uplink message, associated with the RACH procedure, that includes the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics.14.The network node of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the network node to transmit the indication of the one or more virtual resources, are configured to cause the network node to:transmit, during the RACH procedure, another downlink message that indicates the one or more virtual resources.15.The network node of claim 10, wherein the RACH procedure is a four-step RACH procedure.16.The network node of claim 10, wherein the RACH procedure is a two-step RACH procedure.17.The network node of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further configured to cause the network node to:transmit, during the RACH procedure, an indication of a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state associated with the virtual resource, wherein the downlink message is received via a receive beam based at least in part on the TCI state.18.The network node of claim 10, wherein the downlink message is received via a receive beam based at least in part on a default transmission configuration indication (TCI) state associated with the virtual resource.19.A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving, before or during a random access channel (RACH) procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources;transmitting, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources; andreceiving, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, that is transmitted via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources.20.The method of claim 19, wherein the one or more predicted channel characteristics include one or more reference signal received powers (RSRPs) or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs) associated with the one or more virtual resources.21.The method of claim 19, wherein the indication of the one or more virtual resources is a first indication of the one or more virtual resources, andwherein the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics includes a second indication of the one or more virtual resources based at least in part on one or more reference signal received powers (RSRPs) or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs) associated with the one or more virtual resources.22.The method of claim 19, wherein receiving the indication of the one or more virtual resources includes receiving remaining minimum system information (RMSI) that configures the one or more virtual resources, andwherein transmitting the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics includes transmitting an uplink message, associated with the RACH procedure, that includes the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics.23.The method of claim 19, wherein receiving the indication of the one or more virtual resources includes:receiving, during the RACH procedure, another downlink message that indicates the one or more virtual resources.24.The method of claim 19, further comprising:receiving, during the RACH procedure, an indication of a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state associated with the virtual resource,wherein receiving the downlink message includes receiving the downlink message via a receive beam based at least in part on the TCI state.25.A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, comprising:transmitting, before or during a random access channel (RACH) procedure associated with initial access, an indication of one or more virtual resources;receiving, before or during the RACH procedure, an indication of one or more predicted channel characteristics associated with the one or more virtual resources; andtransmitting, based at least in part on the one or more predicted channel characteristics, a downlink message, associated with the RACH procedure, via a transmit beam associated with a virtual resource of the one or more virtual resources.26.The method of claim 25, wherein the one or more predicted channel characteristics include one or more reference signal received powers (RSRPs) or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs) associated with the one or more virtual resources.27.The method of claim 25, wherein the indication of the one or more virtual resources is a first indication of the one or more virtual resources, andwherein the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics includes a second indication of the one or more virtual resources based at least in part on one or more reference signal received powers (RSRPs) or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs) associated with the one or more virtual resources.28.The method of claim 25, wherein transmitting the indication of the one or more virtual resources includes transmitting remaining minimum system information (RMSI) that configures the one or more virtual resources, andwherein receiving the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics includes receiving an uplink message, associated with the RACH procedure, that includes the indication of the one or more predicted channel characteristics.29.The method of claim 25, wherein transmitting the indication of the one or more virtual resources includes:transmitting, during the RACH procedure, another downlink message that indicates the one or more virtual resources.30.The method of claim 25, further comprising:transmitting, during the RACH procedure, an indication of a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state associated with the virtual resource, wherein the downlink message is received via a receive beam based at least in part on the TCI state.
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