Shuttering element, shuttering, method, and use

Abstract

The present invention relates to a shuttering element (10) for producing cast parts, in particular concrete components, comprising at least one base element (11) having two oppositely arranged sliding surfaces (GF); at least two limb elements (12), each of which is movably arranged on one of the opposite sliding surfaces (GF) of the base element (11); at least two lever elements (13), wherein each of the lever elements (13) is in engagement with one of the limb elements (12) in a first end region (E1) and with a movable actuation element (14) of the base element (11) in a second end region (E2); wherein the actuation element (11) and the lever elements (13) are operatively connected and designed such that, when the actuation element (11) moves from a first position into a second position, the limb elements (12) are moved along the sliding surfaces (GF) from a concrete-pouring position (BP) into a shuttering-removal position (AP). The invention also relates to a base element (11) for such a shuttering element (12), to shuttering, and to a method for pouring concrete for a concrete component.

Description

[0001] Formwork element, formwork, process and use

[0002] Field of the invention

[0003] The present invention relates to a base element, a formwork element comprising such a base element, a formwork and a method for concreting a concrete component by means of such a formwork element.

[0004] background

[0005] Formwork for the production of concrete components or concrete structures is generally known in the art. Such formwork can be used to create casting molds, for example, for ceilings, walls, or shafts. Concrete can then be poured into these molds to produce a concrete component or the desired concrete structure. After the concrete has hardened, the formwork is usually removed and prepared for the next use.

[0006] In this context, it has become apparent that there is a further need for an improved formwork element, particularly for concreting shaft-like structures. The trend is toward narrower shaft structures, for example, for ventilation and / or supply ducts. Narrow shaft structures pose a challenge in several respects. On the one hand, personnel cannot work in narrow shafts, and on the other hand, the space for corresponding formwork elements is also reduced.

[0007] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a formwork element that particularly meets the needs described above and overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for concreting a concrete component using such a formwork element, a formwork and a use. These and other objects, which may be mentioned upon reading the following description or recognized by a person skilled in the art, are achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims. The dependent claims develop the central idea of ​​the present invention in a particularly advantageous manner. The following summary of the invention refers, among other things, to the claims and the features disclosed therein in order to describe their advantages.

[0008] Summary of the invention

[0009] In one aspect, the above-stated object is achieved by a base element for a formwork element. The base element for one or more formwork elements for producing cast parts, in particular concrete components, comprises a frame, wherein the frame comprises at least a first sliding surface and at least one contact side; an actuating element, wherein the actuating element is mounted and / or arranged to be displaceable between a first and a second position relative to the frame; at least one first lever element, wherein the first lever element can be connected to a first leg element by a first region, in particular a first end region, and is operatively connected and / or engaged with the actuating element by a second region, in particular a second end region; and at least one first guide.

[0010] The base element provided has the particular advantage of providing an integrated solution that simplifies and streamlines the assembly of the formwork and the formwork removal process. Thus, the base element disclosed here combines the mechanical components required to appropriately guide a leg element, which is intended to move along a sliding surface of the base element. Thus, the guidance of a leg element, which is connected to the base element via the lever elements, is standardized and unified. This allows the base element to be used with a variety of leg elements. Thus, in addition to standardization and unification, interoperability with other formwork or formwork elements is also achieved.

[0011] In particular, the guide integrated into the base element, which can be provided in particular by elongated holes, tear holes and / or other guide slots, ensures a uniform movement sequence regardless of the design of the leg element or other formwork parts and / or adapters connected to the leg element.

[0012] The use of two sliding surfaces increases the efficiency and flexibility of the base element during formwork assembly and dismantling.

[0013] The arrangement of the first and / or second sliding surfaces, particularly opposite one another and / or at an acute angle and / or angle < 90°, allows for an effective reduction in the formwork circumference, which is advantageous during formwork removal. Furthermore, such a configuration allows the base element to be installed away from formwork corners, thus preventing the base element itself from having to be positioned in the area with the greatest static friction. This significantly simplifies the formwork removal process.

[0014] Arranging the lever elements via a connecting element, so that the lifting elements are aligned parallel to the respective sliding surfaces, enables a more efficient and space-saving conversion of the pulling movement of the actuating element into a sliding movement of the leg elements. This can be further improved by a symmetrical, particularly point- and / or axis-symmetrical, arrangement of the respective sliding surfaces.

[0015] The arrangement of the lever elements of the actuating element partially or completely within the frame of the base element allows a space-saving accommodation of the movement mechanism and can also shield the movement mechanism from external influences, so that the movement mechanism, which is particularly sensitive to damage or the penetration of concrete slag, is better protected.

[0016] The design of the first and / or second guide or guides of the base element as a hole guide or slide track, in particular as a tear hole, which comprises two defined end points, such as the first end position and the second end position (e.g., one for the concreting position and one for the formwork position), allows for efficient guidance of the leg elements. It is particularly advantageous that the guide surfaces and / or guide edges between the end points do not run parallel, as this allows for more flexible sliding of the leg elements, particularly for formwork. The corresponding openings and / or the through hole in the base element, as well as an optional corresponding through hole in the actuating element, allow the use of one-sided anchor elements.The use of one-sided anchor elements in conjunction with the corresponding openings or through-hole provided for them enables and / or simplifies, in particular, the implementation of narrow shafts where removal of anchor elements from within the shaft is impossible or hardly feasible. The corresponding through-hole in or of the actuating element allows the actuating element to not block the corresponding holes or through-hole during movement, thus improving the integrated solution. Instead of an anchor plate, which can be attached to the opening or through-hole on the side of the base element opposite or facing away from the contact side, the opening or through-hole itself can also have a fixing means, in particular a thread for directly fixing the anchor.

[0017] The use of a coupling mechanism on the lower base surface allows the actuating elements of several base elements to be connected, thus constructing taller formwork. Furthermore, the fixing device allows the actuating element to be fixed in one position, especially in the first position. This allows for easier formwork assembly.

[0018] In a second aspect, the formwork element disclosed here allows for advantageous and precise guidance, since the leg element is simultaneously held in a defined relative position to the frame via the (first and second) guides during the sliding process. This can be particularly true if the respective lever elements represent the only operative connection and / or coupling between the base element and / or the actuating element, on the one hand, and the respective leg element, on the other.

[0019] The positioning of the guide's end points allows for particularly advantageous formwork removal of the leg elements and any associated adapters and / or other formwork components. The formwork removal movement can occur in multiple directions, not just one-dimensionally. Thus, by positioning the guide's end points, the affected leg element, along with any associated formwork elements and / or adapters, is moved not only backwards away from the cast concrete wall, but also upwards and sideways. This allows for a total of three dimensions to be covered, enabling particularly efficient and defined formwork removal, especially from the corners of a shaft.

[0020] The use of the guide and lever elements as a single active connection and / or coupling allows for a particularly simple design of the movement mechanism for formwork assembly and formwork removal. This reduces complexity and manufacturing costs while simultaneously increasing robustness and simplifying repair of the base element or formwork element.

[0021] The use of mechanical hydraulic drive units allows for automation and / or semi-automation of the formwork or shuttering process, thus simplifying operation. Furthermore, the deployment of a person within a cast or erected shaft and / or formwork for a shaft is no longer necessary. This makes it particularly easy to construct narrow shafts.

[0022] Further advantages are explained in the following description.

[0023] One aspect of the present invention relates to a formwork element for producing concrete components, comprising: at least one base element with two oppositely arranged sliding surfaces; at least two leg elements, each of which is movably arranged on one of the opposite sliding surfaces of the base element; at least two lever elements, wherein the lever elements each engage at a first end region with one of the leg elements and at a second end region with a movable actuating element of the base element; wherein the actuating element and the lever elements are operatively connected and configured such that when the actuating element is moved from a first position to a second position, the leg elements are moved along the sliding surfaces from a concreting position to a striking position.

[0024] A formwork within the meaning of the present disclosure can generally be understood as any element that is suitable, individually or in combination with other elements, for providing a casting mold, in particular for concreting. Formwork can be designed, for example, as foundation formwork, wall formwork, column formwork, circular formwork, slab formwork, frame formwork, girder formwork, tunnel formwork, bridge formwork, special formwork, manual formwork, aluminum formwork, plastic formwork, or formwork for exposed concrete.

[0025] The base element can have a polygonal profile in cross-section. The base element preferably has a symmetrical geometry. For example, the base element can have an axisymmetric geometry in cross-section. The sliding surfaces of the base element can be arranged opposite one another or are arranged opposite one another. The term "opposite one another" is to be understood broadly here. The sliding surfaces can also be arranged at an angle to one another.

[0026] The leg elements are arranged on the sliding surfaces. In other words, at least one leg element is arranged on a sliding surface. The leg elements preferably bear against the sliding surfaces. In other words, contact, in particular a support, between the leg elements and the sliding surfaces can be provided at least partially or partially or over the entire surface. It is advantageous if the leg elements have a surface corresponding to the sliding surfaces. The leg elements preferably bear against the corresponding sliding surfaces in such a way that the leg elements are movable in a direction parallel to the corresponding sliding surface and / or on the sliding surface. The leg elements are arranged in the concreting position for producing a concrete component or a concrete structure.

[0027] After the concrete has hardened, the leg elements are moved to the striking position. The actuating element transfers the leg elements from the concreting position to the striking position and vice versa.

[0028] The actuating element is or can be arranged on or in the base element. The actuating element can in particular be arranged in the base element. The actuating element is movably arranged on the base element. More precisely, the actuating element is preferably movable in an axial direction or in a longitudinal direction of the base element. The actuating element is preferably arranged parallel to the base element. The actuating element can be transferred or moved from the first position to the second position, preferably by applying a tensile force to the actuating element. The first position of the actuating element corresponds to the concreting position of the leg elements. The second position of the actuating element corresponds to the striking position of the leg elements.This means that the leg elements are moved from the concreting position to the striking position by moving the actuating element from the first position to the second position. For this purpose, the actuating element is operatively connected to the leg elements via the lever elements.

[0029] The lever elements are preferably rotatably connected to the actuating element and the leg elements. The lever elements enable force or movement transmission from the actuating element to the leg elements. The lever elements can, for example, comprise a flat body. The lever elements are preferably made of a metal, for example, steel.

[0030] The formwork element according to the present invention enables the leg elements to be released from a concrete component or concrete structure without damaging the concrete component or concrete structure. In particular, the leg elements can be moved away from the concrete component via the sliding surfaces of the base element, with the movement of the leg elements being initiated by the movement of the actuating element from the first position to the second position.

[0031] The formwork element according to the present invention further has the advantage that positioning of the formwork element in the planar wall area is possible.

[0032] Locally, lower fresh concrete forces occur in the wall area, as they can only act from one side. This results in lower restraints or tensions in the element / mechanism. Furthermore, the wall positioning promotes reinforcement penetration by the formwork anchors, as the reinforcement density here is generally lower than in the corner area. Releasing the formwork element away from the concrete wall, in conjunction with standard corner elements and / or angle elements and / or adapters and / or angle adapters, ensures safe release of the formwork – especially in corner areas. Furthermore, the formwork element makes it possible to remove it after the concrete has hardened, without a person having to climb into the shaft.

[0033] In one embodiment, the lever elements are guided in a guide on the side of the leg elements such that when the actuating element is moved from the first position to the second position, the lever elements are guided in the guide from a first position to a second position. The guide can be designed, for example, as a hole guide. Alternatively, it is possible for the guide to comprise a rail or a joint with undercuts. The guide preferably has an incline to support the lifting of the leg elements or a movement of the leg elements in the longitudinal direction.

[0034] In one embodiment, the guide is designed as a linear hole guide. For example, the linear hole guide includes a linear incline. This makes it possible, for example, for the leg elements to be simultaneously lifted and moved away from the fresh concrete wall. The leg elements move along the sliding surfaces of the base element during both lifting and moving away from the concrete wall.

[0035] In one embodiment, the guide comprises a slide track. For example, the guide can comprise a hole guide, wherein the hole guide comprises a circular arc-shaped geometry as the slide track. Such a slide track can influence the movement of the leg elements during detachment from the concrete component.

[0036] In one embodiment, the lever elements are provided at opposite positions on the base element and the leg elements. The oppositely arranged lever elements can also be referred to as lever element pairs.

[0037] In one embodiment, several lever elements are provided distributed at opposite positions on the base element and the leg elements. In particular, several pairs of lever elements are provided on the base element and on the leg elements. This allows for a more even force transmission and consequently a better release of the leg elements from a concrete component. In one embodiment, the guides of the opposing lever elements or pairs of lever elements are designed correspondingly.

[0038] In one embodiment, the actuating element is designed as a pull rod. The pull rod is preferably arranged in the base element. In other words, the pull rod extends within the base element. The pull rod is arranged in particular in the longitudinal direction parallel to a longitudinal axis of the base element. The pull rod is preferably designed to be subjected to a tensile force. In particular, the pull rod is designed to be transferred from the first position to the second position by the application and / or application of a tensile force. In one embodiment, the actuating element is designed as square steel. Another cross-sectional geometry, polygonal or round, is also conceivable. Both round and polygonal cross-sections can be made from solid material or as hollow profiles.

[0039] In one embodiment, the pull rod is configured to engage with a mechanical and / or hydraulic and / or electric drive unit to move the pull rod from the first position to the second position. A combination of the aforementioned drive units is also conceivable. For example, the pull rod can comprise a coupling section at an axial end region for coupling or connecting to a drive unit.

[0040] In one embodiment, the footplates of the leg elements form a plane with a footplate of the base element in the first position of the actuating element, and / or the footplates of the leg elements are offset from the footplate of the base element in the second position of the actuating element. In other words, the leg elements, in particular the footplates of the leg elements, are raised in the second position of the actuating element or in the dismantling position of the leg elements.

[0041] In one embodiment, the offset of the leg elements in the second position of the actuating element or the formwork removal position of the leg elements between the base plates of the leg elements and the base plate of the base element is between 10 and 25 mm, preferably between 12 and 18 mm. This prevents the base plates of the leg elements from rubbing or sliding across a floor surface when moving the leg elements from the concreting position to the leg position.

[0042] In one embodiment, the base element has a triangular or trapezoidal cross-section. Preferably, the base element has an isosceles triangular or isosceles trapezoidal cross-section. Optionally, the base element has the cross-section geometry of an isosceles right-angled triangle.

[0043] In one embodiment, the sliding surfaces are arranged on the outer sides of the legs of the triangular, particularly isosceles and right-angled, base element. The leg elements are arranged on the leg surfaces of the base element. This means that the leg elements slide on the leg surfaces from the concreting position to the striking position. In other words, the leg surfaces correspond to the sliding surfaces.

[0044] In one embodiment, a base or a base side of the isosceles right-angled triangle of the base element and the leg elements form a flat surface in the first position of the actuating element or the concreting position of the leg elements and / or the base of the isosceles right-angled triangle and the leg elements are arranged offset from one another in the second position of the actuating element or the formwork removal position of the leg elements.

[0045] In one embodiment, the base of the triangle, in particular the isosceles right-angled triangle, and the leg elements are offset from each other in the second position of the actuating element by between 20 and 50 mm, preferably between 30 and 40 mm, and particularly preferably between 36 and 39 mm. This allows a sufficiently large distance to be achieved to remove the formwork element in the stripping position without damaging the concrete component or the concrete structure.

[0046] In one embodiment, the formwork element further comprises a steel formwork skin. Formwork skin made of steel is easy to clean and can be reused multiple times due to its mechanical properties. Alternatively, formwork skins made of other, less expensive materials, such as wood, can also be used.

[0047] In one embodiment, the base element and the leg elements are arranged along a longitudinal axis such that they form a flat surface. In particular, the base element and the leg elements form a flat surface in the concreting position. The flat surface faces the concrete or fresh concrete.

[0048] The longitudinal direction is understood to be a direction which, when the formwork element is assembled, runs essentially parallel to the direction of gravity.

[0049] In one embodiment, the base element and the leg elements in the first position of the actuating element have a length in the transverse direction of between 40 and 80 cm, preferably between 50 and 70 cm, and particularly preferably 60 cm. The transverse direction is understood to be a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction.

[0050] In one embodiment, the formwork element has a longitudinal length between 1.00 m and 4.00 m, preferably 1.20 m, 2.70 m, 3.00 m, 3.30 m, or 3.60 m. This allows for different heights, particularly for shafts.

[0051] In one embodiment, the formwork elements can be arranged one above the other, and the actuating elements of the formwork elements can be brought into operative engagement. This means that several formwork elements can be stacked on top of each other to create a structure that is larger or taller in the longitudinal direction. This is particularly advantageous for concrete shafts. The actuating elements can be connected to each other in such a way that moving a first or uppermost actuating element in the longitudinal direction also actuates the remaining actuating elements, allowing the leg elements to be transferred from the concreting position to the striking position, and the stacked formwork elements can be removed together.

[0052] In one embodiment, the base element and / or the leg elements have a wall thickness between 15 and 80 cm, preferably between 15 and 40 cm, and particularly preferably 25 cm. In one embodiment, the leg elements are designed to be connected to additional formwork elements. In particular, the leg elements are designed to be connected to further leg elements of further formwork elements and / or formwork parts, adapters, and / or angle adapters. This allows a closed formwork structure to be formed and a closed concrete structure to be produced. Alternatively, the formwork elements can be extended with additional components, for example angle elements or ceiling elements. This allows various types of concrete components to be produced without great effort.

[0053] In one embodiment, the leg elements comprise anchor tubes and anchor plates. The anchor tubes and anchor plates are advantageous for connecting an outer formwork for a concrete structure to be manufactured to an inner formwork. At least the inner formwork preferably comprises a formwork element of the present invention. In one embodiment, the leg elements comprise connecting elements configured for connecting connecting and fixing means (e.g., interlock elements) to connect the formwork element to adjacent formwork elements. In this way, it is possible to provide formwork for different concrete components.

[0054] In one embodiment, when the formwork element is installed, the base part or base element is not arranged in the corner areas of a concrete component. This is advantageous because corner areas are particularly susceptible to damage during the manufacture of concrete structures. It is therefore even more advantageous if the formwork element is arranged in a planar wall area.

[0055] In one embodiment, the formwork element is a shaft element for concreting a shaft. This formwork element is particularly well-suited for concreting shafts, as the formwork elements can be assembled and removed without personnel inside the shaft.

[0056] One possible aspect of the invention relates to a formwork for concreting a shaft, comprising: at least four formwork elements according to one of the preceding embodiments, which form an inner formwork arrangement, and four further formwork elements, which form an outer formwork arrangement. The formwork elements, which form the inner formwork arrangement, can differ from the further formwork elements, which form the outer formwork arrangement. The space formed between the inner and outer formwork arrangements forms a casting mold for the shaft.

[0057] A further aspect of the present invention relates to a method for concreting a concrete component, comprising: providing at least one formwork element according to one of the preceding claims and forming a casting mold into which concrete can be introduced, wherein the actuating element of the formwork element is arranged in the first position; introducing concrete into the formed casting mold and curing the concrete component; moving the actuating element of the base element from the first position to the second position so that the foot plates of the leg elements lift off the ground and the leg elements are moved away from the concrete component along the sliding surfaces of the base element.

[0058] A further aspect of the present invention relates to a use of a base element, a leg element, a drive and / or an actuating element in a formwork element according to one of the preceding embodiments.

[0059] Description of a preferred embodiment

[0060] Further features, advantages, and possible applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, the exemplary embodiment, and the figures. In these figures:

[0061] Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a formwork element according to the invention;

[0062] Figure 2 is a plan view of the formwork element according to Figure 1;

[0063] Figure 3 is a perspective view of the formwork element according to Figure 1; Figure 4 is a plan view of the formwork element according to Figure 3;

[0064] Figure 5 is a perspective view of a further embodiment of a formwork element according to the invention;

[0065] Figure 6 is a plan view of the formwork element according to Figure 5 in the assembled state;

[0066] Figure 7 is a front view of the formwork element according to Fig. 5 in the assembled state;

[0067] Figure 8 is a plan view of the formwork element according to Figure 5 in the assembled state;

[0068] Figure 9 is a plan view of the formwork element according to Figure 5 in the assembled state;

[0069] Figure 10 is a schematic view of various embodiments of a formwork element according to the invention;

[0070] Figure 1 la is a plan view of a formwork;

[0071] Figure 11b is a further plan view of the formwork according to Figure 11a; and

[0072] Figure 12 is a perspective view of an exemplary structure of an embodiment of a formwork element according to the invention.

[0073] Figure 13 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the formwork element according to the invention, which comprises another embodiment of the base element according to the invention, wherein the actuating element is shown in the first position.

[0074] Figure 14 is a perspective side view of a section of a base element of the embodiment of Figure 13, showing the actuating element in the second position. Figure 15 is a plan view of the embodiment of Figure 14.

[0075] Figure 16 is a section of a side view of the formwork element of Figure 13, wherein the

[0076] Actuating element is shown in a second position.

[0077] Figure 17 is a plan view of the formwork element according to Figure 16.

[0078] Figure 18 is a perspective side view of a section of a base member of the embodiment of Figure 13, with the actuating member shown in the first position.

[0079] Figure 19 is a plan view of the embodiment of Figure 18.

[0080] Figure 20 is a section of a side view of the formwork element of Figure 13, wherein the

[0081] Actuating element is shown in a second position.

[0082] Figure 21 is a plan view of the formwork element according to Figure 16.

[0083] Figure 22 shows a perspective side view of another embodiment of the

[0084] Base element in a formwork element with an anchor holder.

[0085] Figure 23 shows a perspective side view of another embodiment of the

[0086] Base element in a formwork element with an anchor plate.

[0087] Figure 24 shows the base element of Figure 23 in a formwork with anchor rod and anchor plate.

[0088] Figure 25 shows a formwork comprising the leg element, for example according to Figure 13, as well as adapters.

[0089] Figure 26 shows a formwork comprising the leg element, for example, according to Figure 13, as well as adapters and an angle element. Figure 27 shows a formwork comprising the leg element, for example, according to Figure 13, as well as adapters, angle elements and intermediate elements.

[0090] Figure 28 shows the connection between the formwork element and the adapter and / or angle element and / or intermediate element according to the embodiment of Figure 25.

[0091] Figure 29 is an exploded view of the connection.

[0092] Figure 30a / b shows a further embodiment of the formwork element comprising a labyrinth seal

[0093] In the figures, identical components are provided with the same reference numerals.

[0094] Figure 1 and Figure 2 show a possible embodiment of a formwork element 10 according to the invention. The formwork element 10 comprises a base element 11 and two leg elements 12.

[0095] The base element 11 can, in particular, have a triangular or trapezoidal geometry. More precisely, in this embodiment, the base element 11 has a triangular geometry in cross-section. This means that the end faces (in particular the sliding surfaces GF and the contact side KS) of the base element 11 comprise a substantially triangular surface. The base element 11 can, in cross-section, comprise an isosceles and right-angled triangular geometry. The base element 11 extends in a longitudinal direction. The longitudinal direction is understood to be a direction orthogonal to the triangular cross-section of the base element 11. The longitudinal direction, in the assembled state of the formwork element 10, can be understood to be a direction that is substantially parallel to the direction of gravity.

[0096] The base element 11 has a base surface or contact side KS. The base surface KS is formed by the base of the triangular cross-sectional profile of the base element 11. During operation, the base surface faces the formwork element 10 of the concrete component to be produced. The base element 11 has two leg surfaces or sliding surfaces. The leg surfaces form an edge that extends in the longitudinal direction of the base element 11. The edge of the base element 11 faces away from the concrete component to be produced in the assembled state. The two leg surfaces form a right angle. More precisely, the edge has a right angle. Alternatively, other angles are possible. The angle should be selected to enable the desired movement of the leg elements 12.

[0097] The leg surfaces are formed by the legs of the triangular cross-sectional profile of the base element 11. The leg elements 12 are movably arranged on the leg surfaces. The leg surfaces are referred to below as sliding surfaces GF.

[0098] The leg elements 12 have a concreting surface or contact side. During operation of the formwork element, the concreting surface faces the concrete component to be produced. The formwork element 10 is arranged in a concreting position in Figures 1 and 2. This means that the concreting surfaces of the leg elements 12, together with the base surface of the base element 11, are arranged on one plane or form one plane. The concreting surfaces and base surface or contact side KS can also be referred to as the outer surfaces of the formwork element 10.

[0099] The leg elements 12 have a plurality of reinforcing structures 19. In the assembled state of the formwork element 10, the reinforcing structures 19 are arranged on a surface facing away from the concrete component to be produced. The reinforcing structures 19 are arranged on one of the outer surfaces or contact surfaces facing away from it. In other words, the reinforcing structures 19 are arranged on an inner surface of the formwork element 10. The reinforcing structures 19 preferably comprise struts or profiles.

[0100] The reinforcement structures 19 comprise a plurality of contact elements 20. The contact elements 20 each have a contact surface 21 correspondingly inclined to the sliding surface GF. The leg elements 12 rest with the contact surfaces 21 against a corresponding sliding surface GF of the base element 11. The contact surfaces 21 and the sliding surfaces GF are configured in such a corresponding manner that the base surface of the base element 11 and the concreting surfaces of the leg elements 12 are aligned parallel to one another.

[0101] The reinforcing structures 19 further comprise, at specific intervals, an anchor tube 17 and an anchor plate 18. By means of the anchor tube 17, the formwork element 10 can be connected to another formwork or several other formwork elements, which in particular form an outer formwork, for example to provide a casting mold for a shaft.

[0102] The base element 11 has an actuating element 14. The actuating element 14 can be designed as a pull rod. The pull rod has a rectangular cross-section and is formed, for example, from square steel, but other shapes, particularly round shapes, are also possible. The actuating element 14 is guided in the base element 11, in particular in a frame of the base element 11, which is preferably formed from the contact surface KS and the sliding surfaces GF. The actuating element 14 is movable in the longitudinal direction of the base element 11. The actuating element 14 is arranged in the base element 11 such that one edge of the actuating element 14 is aligned in the direction of the right angle of the triangular geometry of the base element 11. In other words, two surfaces of the actuating element 14 are parallel to the sliding surfaces GF of the base element 11.

[0103] The actuating element 14 further comprises a coupling section at one axial end. The coupling section is intended to couple the actuating element 14 to a drive, for example, a mechanical and / or hydraulic and / or electric drive. In particular, this makes it possible to stack two or more formwork elements to a greater overall height.

[0104] The formwork element 10 has lever elements 13. The lever elements 13 are connected to the actuating element 14 and the leg elements 12 and, like the actuating element 14, are preferably arranged in the frame 1 of the base element. In other words, each lever element 13 connects the actuating element 14 to one of the leg elements 12. More precisely, the lever elements 13 can be connected to the actuating element 14 at a second end region E2 and to one of the leg elements 12 at a first end region E1. The lever elements 13 can be connected to the actuating element 14 and the leg elements 12 in such a way that the lever elements 13 cannot absorb any rotational forces. In other words, the lever elements 13 can be rotatably connected to the actuating element 14 and the leg elements 12. For this purpose, the lever elements 13 can each comprise a bore in the first end region E1 and a bore in the second end region E2.Connecting means 22, such as screws and / or bolts, are provided in the bores to connect the lever elements 13 to the actuating element 14 and the leg elements 12.

[0105] The lever elements 13 can have a flat shape or are designed as flat bodies. The term "flat" can be understood to mean that the thickness or extension of the lever elements 13 in a transverse direction is significantly smaller than the extension of the lever elements 13 in a longitudinal direction. The longitudinal direction of the lever element 13 is the direction with the longest extension of the lever element 13. The transverse direction is a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction.

[0106] The first end region E1 can be wider in a transverse direction than the second end region E2. In other words, the first end region E1 of the lever elements 13 then has a widened section. The widened section forms a reinforcement of the lever elements 13 to absorb forces occurring during operation. Alternatively, the second end region E2 can be wider in a transverse direction than the first end region E1.

[0107] The lever elements 13 can all have the same shape or geometry. Alternatively, different lever elements 13 are conceivable. It is advantageous if at least oppositely arranged lever elements 13 are of the same or identical design.

[0108] Two oppositely arranged lever elements 13 can each be arranged mirrored to each other along an axis, in particular the axis that runs through the actuating element. The mirror axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the actuating element 14 or can correspond to the longitudinal axis of the actuating element 14.

[0109] The lever elements 13 are arranged on the formwork element 10 in such a way that one surface of the lever elements 13 is arranged on the actuating element 14 and a surface opposite this surface is arranged on the leg element 12.

[0110] The base element 11 comprises two guides 15 arranged on the sliding surfaces. The guides 15 can also be referred to as guide holes. The guide holes can be designed as elongated holes. A connecting means 22 is arranged in each of the guide holes 15. The connecting means 22 serves to connect the lever elements 13 to one of the leg elements 12. The connecting means 22 can be, for example, a screw or a bolt. The guide holes 15 can have a pitch. The pitch is positive in the direction of the edge between the sliding surfaces of the base element 11 of Figure 1. Alternatively or additionally, the guide holes can comprise a guide, for example with an arcuate geometry.

[0111] In this case, the actuating element 14 and the lever elements 13 are arranged in a first position. The lever elements 13, together with the actuating element 14, each span an angle of approximately 90°. Deviations of + / -10% are possible. This angular position creates a toggle lever effect, which, in the first position (at its dead center), locks / locks the leg elements against an automatic (uncontrolled) stripping movement caused by the resulting fresh concrete pressure, regardless of any situation-dependent formwork anchoring.

[0112] The first position of the actuating element 14 and the lever elements 13 corresponds to the concreting position of the leg elements 12. The actuating element 14 and the lever elements 13 are designed to be transferred from the first position to a second position. The transfer or movement of the actuating element 14 from the first position to the second position occurs by a movement of the actuating element 14 in the longitudinal direction of the base element 11. More precisely, the actuating element 14 is moved upwards during operation. For example, the actuating element 14 can be subjected to a tensile force. The term "up" here can be understood to mean a direction essentially antiparallel or parallel to the direction of gravity. By transferring the actuating element 14 to the second position, the leg elements 12 are transferred or moved into a striking position.

[0113] In Figures 3 and 4, the leg elements 12 of the formwork element 10 from Figure 1 are shown in the stripping position. This means that the actuating element 14 and the lever elements 13 are arranged in the second position. In the stripping position, the concreting surfaces BF of the leg elements 12 are offset from the base surface of the base element 11. More precisely, the concreting surfaces BF of the leg elements 12 are offset in the direction of the edge formed by the converging sliding surfaces GF, or form an offset V.

[0114] In the second position, the actuating element 14 is displaced longitudinally, particularly upwards. The lever elements 13 enable the movement of the actuating element 14 to be transmitted to the leg elements 12 in order to transfer or move the leg elements 12 into the formwork removal position.

[0115] When the actuating element 14 is moved, the axial movement of the actuating element 14 can be transmitted via the lifting elements 13 to the leg elements 12 such that the leg elements 12 are moved simultaneously in three directions. The leg elements 12 are moved away from the concrete structure to be produced. In other words, the leg elements 12 are moved in a direction orthogonal to the base surface 11. In addition, the leg elements 12 are moved towards one another. Furthermore, the leg elements 12 are raised in the longitudinal direction. The simultaneous lifting of the leg elements 12 in the longitudinal direction of the base element 11 is made possible by the hole guide 15 in the base element 11. The movement of the leg elements 12 towards one another and in a direction perpendicular to the base surface is made possible by the inclined sliding surfaces GF of the base element 11.

[0116] The leg elements 12 are moved on the sliding surfaces GF. This means that the leg elements 12 remain in contact with the sliding surfaces GF via the contact surfaces 21 during the transition from the concreting position to the striking position.

[0117] In the second position, the lever elements 13 can form an angle with the actuating element 14 of approximately less than 45°. Deviations of + / - 10% are possible. More precisely, the spanned angle is smaller than in the first position.

[0118] Figure 5 shows a further embodiment of a formwork element 10. The basic structure of the formwork element in Figure 5 corresponds to the previously described embodiment. The formwork element 10 has eight reinforcement structures 19. An anchor tube 17 with an anchor plate 18 is arranged on each of the additional reinforcement structures 19 from above and below.

[0119] Figure 5 also shows an angle element or adapter element 23. The angle element 23 is designed to be connectable to one of the leg elements 12, preferably to form at least part of a formwork. Various angle elements are possible to create different angles. When connected to a leg element 12, the angle element 23 is moved along with the leg elements 12 when they are transferred from the concreting position to the striking position.

[0120] Figures 6 to 9 show, by way of example, a process for transferring the leg elements 12 of the formwork element 10 from the concreting position to the striking position. The formwork element 10 in Figures 6-9 essentially corresponds to the previously described embodiment. In the following figures, it should be noted that an outer formwork is not shown.

[0121] Figure 6 shows a top view of the formwork element 10. The formwork element 10 rests against a concrete component 25. In other words, the formwork element 10 was used to produce the concrete component 25, so that the formwork element 10 is still arranged in the concreting position in Figure 6. To remove the formwork element 10, the formwork element 10 is transferred from the concreting position to the stripping position. For this purpose, the actuating element 14 is subjected to a tensile force in a longitudinal direction.

[0122] Figure 7 shows a view of the reclaiming of the formwork element 10. It shows that the leg elements 12, in particular the base plates 16 of the leg elements 12, are lifted from a floor 26. The base element 11 is not lifted and is still in contact with the floor 26 in Figure 7. The base element 11 is preferably not lifted until the leg elements 12 are fully arranged in the stripping position. The base plates 16 are understood to be the lower end faces of the leg elements 12 in the longitudinal direction during use of the formwork element 10. Lifting the leg elements 12 has the advantage that the base plates 16 do not drag on the floor and become damaged. Furthermore, frictional forces caused by contact with the floor are reduced. This can improve or increase the service life of the formwork element 10. The lifting of the leg elements 12 is shown schematically by the arrows.

[0123] Figure 8 illustrates the movement of the leg elements 12 away from the manufactured concrete component 25. More precisely, the leg elements 12 are detached from the manufactured concrete component 25. The base surface of the base element 11 is in contact with the manufactured concrete component 25 and forms a bearing surface or support surface. This facilitates the movement of the leg elements 12 away from the manufactured concrete component 25, since the base element 11 is supported on a wall of the concrete component 25. The direction in which the base element 11 moves toward the manufactured concrete component 25 and the leg elements 12 move away from the concrete component 25 is schematically illustrated by arrows.

[0124] Figure 9 shows the movement of the leg elements 12 toward each other. The movement of the leg elements 12 toward each other is schematically represented by the arrows.

[0125] Figure 9 shows the leg elements 12 in the stripping position. This means that the formwork element 10 can be removed from the manufactured concrete component 25.

[0126] The movement of the leg elements 12 toward each other as well as the movement of the leg elements 12 away from the concrete component is possible due to the triangular cross-sectional geometry of the base element 11. The movement in the longitudinal direction is achieved by the actuating element 14, which is also moved in the longitudinal direction when it is transferred from the first position to the second position.

[0127] The leg elements 12 are moved towards each other and away from the concrete component by the mutually facing inclined sliding surfaces GF. The movement of the actuating element 14 is transmitted to the leg elements 12 by the lever elements 13 and, in combination with the sliding surfaces GF of the base element 11, enables the movement of the leg elements 12 in three directions. Figure 10 shows that the formwork element 10 is modularly expandable, preferably to form at least part of a formwork. For example, the formwork element 10 can be enlarged or extended with additional formwork panels or wall elements that are arranged on the leg elements 12. Alternatively or additionally, the formwork element 10 can be connected to one or more angle elements 23 and / or adapters. In addition, several formwork elements 10 can be arranged next to one another and connected to one another.This makes formwork element 10 versatile and highly adaptable. Formwork element 10 can be adapted to different circumstances and specifications without great effort.

[0128] Figures 11a and 11b show a possible use of the formwork element 10. It should be noted at this point that an outer formwork, which is necessary for forming the concrete structures, is not shown. The formwork shown in Figures 11a and 11b comprises four formwork elements 10, each formwork element 10 having an angle element 23. In Figure 11a, the formwork elements 10 are arranged in the concreting position. In Figure 11b, the formwork elements 10 are arranged in the striking position. It can be seen that in Figure 11b, in contrast to Figure 11a, only the base element 11 is in contact with the manufactured concrete wall. In other words, in Figure 11b, an essentially circumferential gap is formed between the manufactured concrete wall and the formwork element 10.

[0129] Figure 12 shows a possible assembly sequence for the shaft element 10 to provide formwork for a shaft. In a first step, angle elements 23 are arranged on the leg elements 12 of two formwork elements 10. Planar formwork walls 24 are arranged on two further formwork elements 10. The outward-facing surfaces (contact sides) of the formwork walls 24, together with the concreting surfaces of the leg elements 12, form a plane. Subsequently, in a second step, the pre-assembled shaft elements 10 are initially assembled to form two shaft half-shells (in the second step, the base element 11 is only partially shown). Subsequently, in a third step, the two half-shells are combined to form a complete shaft. In a fourth step, the two half-shells are then firmly connected to one another using connecting locks.Finally, in a fifth step, the finished formwork is secured by external anchors. This can be done using, for example, anchor rods or anchor bars that engage in anchor tubes 17 in the formwork elements 10.

[0130] Figure 13 shows a perspective detail view of another embodiment of the formwork element 10. This formwork element 10 can include all or some of the features of the previously described formwork elements, in particular those of Figures 1-5. A key distinguishing feature from the previously described embodiments of the formwork element 10 is the base element 11 shown. The base element 11 has a trapezoidal base area.

[0131] Figure 14 shows an upper section of the embodiment of the base element of Figure 13, wherein a leg element 12 is also shown in the view of Figure 14 to illustrate its function. The base element 11 comprises a frame 1. An actuating element 14 is movably arranged within the frame 1. The actuating element 14 can be guided through an opening (storage opening) 141 on the upper base surface 2a (Figure 15). At the upper end of the actuating element 14, a coupling section 9 can be provided, which can be used for coupling to another actuating element 14 or for coupling to a drive unit or a crane (particularly for formwork removal after concreting). Furthermore, the frame 1 of the base element 11 can have a fixing means 143 that can be used to secure the actuating element 14, in particular for assembling the formwork.For this purpose, the actuating element can comprise an opening (fixing opening) 142. The fixing element 143 can, for example, be a screw or a pin that can be guided through the frame 1 through the fixing opening 142 (in the case of a screw, possibly with a thread). The frame 1 can comprise a corresponding receptacle and / or a passage (not shown here) for the fixing element 143. This receptacle and / or the passage can alternatively or additionally comprise a thread. The base element 11 further comprises a first lever element 13, which is operatively connected to the actuating element 14 in a second region, in particular a second end region E2. In one embodiment, the first lever element 13 can be connected directly to the actuating element 14, for example via a connecting means 22 such as a screw, rivet and / or bolt and / or the like.In another embodiment shown here, the first lever element 13 is connected and / or coupled to the actuating element 14 via a connecting element 3. The connecting element 3 can comprise an at least angled section which allows the lever element 13 to be aligned parallel to the sliding surface GF of the frame 1, in particular independently of the orientation of the (surface) surfaces of the actuating element 14. In addition, the guidance of the first lever element 13 in the guide 15, which is provided here in the sliding surface GF, is facilitated. As shown in Figure 14, the lever element 13 can be guided indirectly by a connecting means 22 through the guide 15, in particular the slotted guide provided by the guide 15. In other embodiments (not shown here), the lever element can be guided directly through the guide 15.For this purpose, the lever element can, for example, have a corresponding projection and / or pin that is / will be arranged in the guide, in particular engaging therein and / or flanged thereto. The illustrated connecting means 22 serves to connect a leg element 12, as also shown in Figure 15.

[0132] Figure 15 shows the actuating element 14 in a second position, whereby the first lever element 13, in particular with a first end region E1, is located in and / or at a second end point 5. In this configuration, the leg element is in a stripping position.

[0133] As can be seen in the top view of Figure 15, the leg or the leg element 12 on the sliding surface GF has migrated backwards relative to the upper base surface 2a and from the contact side KS of the base element 11, thus creating an offset V, wherein the offset V can preferably be between 5 mm and 60 mm, particularly preferably between 10 and 50 mm, further preferably between 25 and 45 mm, very particularly preferably between 30 and 40 mm or 37.5 mm.

[0134] This is due to the fact that the second end point 5, seen from the contact side KS, lies behind the first end point 4 or has a greater distance, in particular a greater normal distance to the contact side KS. Since the first end point 4 and second end point 5 can also be offset in height, the leg element 12 has also moved upwards by a defined distance A. Accordingly, neither the upper surface 2a of the base element 11 nor the contact side KS of the base element 11 are flush with the corresponding surfaces of the leg element 12, as can be seen in Figure 14. The defined distance A can be between 2 mm and 50 mm, particularly preferably between 5 mm and 25 mm, particularly preferably between 10 mm and 20 mm or 15 mm.

[0135] When used in a formwork, the formwork wall, formwork parts, adapters, angle elements, and / or angle adapters attached to leg 12 would thus be moved backward, upward, and finally laterally away from the plane forming the concrete wall, which, in the concreting position, runs parallel along the contact surface. This causes the formwork to move away from the cast concrete wall in three dimensions (depth, side, and height).

[0136] To implement the embodiment shown in Figures 14 and 15, the base element 11 comprises a tear hole as a guide 15. In general, the three-dimensional retraction of the leg element 12 can be achieved by a guide having two defined end points 4, 5. The first end point 4, which corresponds to a first position of the actuating element 14 and / or a concreting position, is arranged at a shorter distance from the contact side KS on the sliding surface GF, as shown in Figure 15. The second end point 5 is located at a greater distance from the contact side KS behind the first end point 4. In addition (as already described above), the second end point 5 can also be arranged higher on the sliding surface GF relative to the first end point 4.The guide surfaces and / or guide edges 6 of the guide 15, which connect the two end points 4, 5, can be designed such that they are not parallel and / or do not have a constant distance from each other. This is also shown, for example, in Figure 14 in the form of the tear hole.

[0137] Figure 16 shows a section of the embodiment of the formwork element 10, which comprises a base element according to Figures 14 and 15. The section shows the upper end of the formwork element. The formwork element 10 shown thus corresponds to the formwork element 10 in Figure 13. Accordingly, the formwork element 10 has, in addition to the base element 11, two leg elements 12. These leg elements 12 are each connected to the actuating element 14 via a lever element 13 (first and second lever element 13). Also visible are the two sliding surfaces GF and the two guides 15, which guide the respective first and second lever element 13 on the respective sliding surface GF and thus the connected leg elements 12. Figure 17 shows a corresponding plan view of the formwork element 10 of Figure 16, wherein the upper base surface 2a is shown and, as in Figures 13 to 16, the leg elements 12 are also in the formwork position.As in Figure 14, the lever element in Figure 17 is also extended into its second position.

[0138] Figure 18 shows a side view of a section of the base element 11 in the first position. This is clearly visible because the actuating element can be seen in a first, particularly retracted position. Thus, compared to Figure 14, only a shorter part of the actuating element, in particular the coupling section 9 of the actuating element 14, extends from the upper base surface 2a. A sliding surface GF of the frame 1 in the working opening, which can also be seen in Figures 13, 14, and 16, is shown directly in plan view. In the first position of the actuating element 14, only the actuating element 14 can be recognized as a rod. Neither the connecting element 3 nor the lever element 13 are visible in this position, but are hidden behind the sliding surface GF inside the base element 11, in particular the frame 1 of the base element 11. Only through the opening in the guide 15 can a part of the lever element 13 be seen.The connecting element 22 (a screw for securing a leg or leg element 12) guides the first lever element 13 in the guide. The lever element 13 is thus located in a first end position (first end point 4 of the guide 15).

[0139] In this position, as can be seen in the top view of Figure 19, the leg element 12, which can be connected to the lever element 13, is in a formwork position SP. The contact side KS of the base element 11 and the contact side of the leg element 12 are flush with one another and form a flat surface that can be used for pouring a concrete element. Looking at the upper base surface 2a in Figure 18, it can also be seen that the leg element is flush with the upper base surface 2a. This also applies analogously to the lower base surface 2b, not shown here.

[0140] Figures 20 and 21 show a plan view of the formwork element of Figure 13, comprising a base element 11 and two leg elements 12. This also shows, analogously to the illustration in Figures 18 and 19, the actuating element in a first position, which corresponds to a concreting position with respect to the leg elements 12. Furthermore, the base element 11, which in this embodiment has a trapezoidal base surface 2, can comprise a stop element 111 on the side of the trapezoid facing away from the contact side KS, which stop element 111 is formed, in particular, by two sliding surfaces GF on which the leg elements 12 can slide from the concreting position into the irradiation position. This stop element 111 supports the movement limitation of the guides 15, in particular with respect to the second end position (second end point 5), into which the lever elements 13 and thus the leg elements 12 can be brought.On the other hand, in order to achieve a smooth, flat and / or tight seal with respect to the outer surface, the contact sides KS of the base element 11 and one or both leg elements 12 can be designed such that they are designed to be form-fitting in the first end position (first end point 4) of the lever elements 13, which corresponds to the first position of the actuating element 14 and thus also to the concreting position of the leg elements 12.

[0141] Figure 22 shows a section of the base element 11, to which a leg element 12 is mounted on each of the first sliding surface GF and the second sliding surface GF. The assembly via the lever elements 13, as shown and described in the previous figures, is not shown in Figure 22. The base element 11 comprises corresponding openings 7 both on its contact side KS (not shown here) and on the side of the frame 1 of the base element 11 opposite the contact side KS. These corresponding openings 7 are designed to receive an anchor rod 171.

[0142] The illustrated opening 7 of Figure 22 may comprise a corresponding anchor plate 18 which receives an anchor element 181 (for example a nut or a plate with a nut), as shown in Figure 23.

[0143] Figure 24 shows the anchor mechanism with an inner and an outer formwork. The inner formwork comprises a formwork element 12 with a base element 11. If an anchor rod 171 with a corresponding thread is guided, for example, through another (outer) formwork element or another formwork, for example for the outside of a shaft, through the first corresponding opening 7 on the contact side KS of the base element 11 and through the corresponding opening 7 on the opposite side of the base element 11, this can be operated on one side by means of the thread 182 of the anchor element 181 placed and / or arranged on the anchor plate 18 from the rear of the other formwork (outer formwork) or the other formwork element.This can be particularly advantageous if the base element is part of a formwork used to create a narrow shaft, so that no person could install the anchor from inside the shaft. Alternatively or additionally, the fastening can be provided by a fastening means other than the thread 182, such as a bayonet lock or a lever construction.

[0144] To allow the anchor rod 171 to be guided through the base element 11, the embodiment of the actuating element 14 shown in Figures 22 and 23 has a corresponding passage 8. For this purpose, the actuating element 14 can be constructed in multiple sections and have a corresponding section that encompasses the passage 8. However, a corresponding design is also possible. The passage can be in the form of an elongated hole in the vertical direction or in the longitudinal extension direction of the actuating element.

[0145] The following Figures 25, 26, and 27 each show at least one formwork element 10 having an adapter 40 on the first and / or second leg element 12. The adapters 30 are designed to provide a connecting element to other formwork systems and / or formwork parts via the leg elements.

[0146] Figure 25 shows a formwork element 10 with two leg elements 12, approximately according to the previously described embodiments, wherein the leg elements are each coupled to an adapter element 30. This can be achieved, for example, by appropriate connection and / or fixing elements. For example, this can be achieved by screw and nut combinations. In Figure 25, the adapter 40 serves as a corner element, so that further formwork walls and / or formwork parts can be arranged orthogonally to the contact side KS of the formwork element 12. However, other angles and / or orientations to the contact side KS are also possible using adapter elements 30. The outer contour 31 of the adapter element 30 is designed as a corner contour in Figure 25. Other outer contours 31 of the adapter element 30 are also possible, for example, a round or chamfered outer contour 31 is conceivable. The outer contour 32 can follow the base area of ​​the adapter 30.For example, the base of the adapter can be square, rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, round and / or a combination thereof.

[0147] In Figure 26, two formwork elements 10 are connected to one another at an angle of 90° by an angle adapter 40. The angle adapter 40 serves to directly connect two leg elements 12 of two formwork elements 10. This allows, in particular, compact circuits to be constructed. Alternatively or additionally, a particularly advantageous corner formwork element can be formed by coupling two formwork elements 10 via a leg element 12 each. Thus, when the actuating elements 14 of the base elements 11 are actuated, the leg elements 12, which are directly connected to the corner adapter 40, in particular detachably connected, can be moved from a concreting position to a deposition position. This advantageously allows the corner of a cast concrete wall to be detached from the formwork, which is represented by the angle adapter 40, more easily and efficiently.This is particularly advantageous when the formwork is an inner shaft formwork that must be removed from the concrete shaft after concreting. For example, the static friction is always greatest at the corners of a shaft after concreting, so a dedicated detachment of the corner adapter via two immediately adjacent formwork elements 10 results in a more efficient and easier removal of the entire inner shaft formwork.

[0148] The outer contour 41 of the angle adapter 40 is designed as a corner contour in Figure 26. Other outer contours 41 of the angle adapter 40 are also possible, for example, a round and / or chamfered outer contour 41 is conceivable. The outer contour 41 can follow the base area of ​​the angle adapter. For example, the base area of ​​the adapter can be square, rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, round, and / or a combination thereof. The angle adapter 40 can generally also correspond to the angle element 23. The angle adapter 40, the adapter 30, and / or the angle element 23 can also comprise one or more joints.

[0149] Figure 27 shows a further configuration with adapter element 30 and angle adapter 40 in a top view. In this embodiment, to create a particularly narrow shaft, a formwork element 12 with two intermediate elements 50 is arranged between the leg elements 12 and the respective adjacent angle adapter 40. The intermediate elements can have different longitudinal extensions as required, thus increasing the variability in the realization of different formwork configurations.

[0150] Figure 28 shows a perspective view of the embodiment of Figure 25 from the side of the formwork facing away from the rear or contact side KS, wherein the connecting elements 51 between the intermediate elements 50, the corner adapter 40 and the adapter element 30 can be clearly seen.

[0151] Figure 29 shows the connecting element 50 between an adapter element 30 and the leg element 12 of a formwork element 10. The connecting element comprises a threaded bolt 51 with a square neck, although other necks on the head of the bolt 51 are also possible. The threaded bolt 51 is fixed by a washer 52 and a nut 53 after it has been passed through corresponding connecting openings 54 in the side walls 121 and 301 of the leg element 12 and the adapter element 30. By linking the respective side walls 121 and 301, a tight connection necessary for concrete casting is also provided. The connecting openings can have a shape corresponding to the neck of the threaded bolt 51, so that a form fit with the neck of the threaded bolt 51 can occur.

[0152] Figures 30a and 30b show a labyrinth seal 100 for the formwork element 10. The labyrinth seal is intended to prevent the penetration of liquid concrete (concrete slurry). The mechanism inside the base element 11 pushes and / or brings the leg elements 10 into the "formed-in position," i.e., the first concreting position. In this position, the leg 12 is pressed against the stop surface 101 of the base element 11, indicated in Figures 30a and 30b. This surface 101 can be provided, for example, by a projection 103 of the contact side KS beyond the sliding surface GF. By means of a corresponding positive connection between the leg element 12 and the projection 103, several sealing surfaces, such as the three sealing surfaces 104 shown here, can be realized. These sealing surfaces 104 prevent liquid concrete from entering the interior of the shaft or, even more disadvantageously, into the mechanism of the base element 11.However, should this occur and the concrete slurry passes the labyrinth seal 100, as shown in Figure 30a, the concrete flows toward the dirt drainage pocket 106. This creates two defined contact surfaces 105 of the leg element 12 on the base body or base element 11, and it also serves as the final protection against concrete slurry penetrating the formwork. The leg element 12 can be provided with this drainage pocket along its entire length. The concrete slurry can drain through it, thus reliably preventing concrete from penetrating the interior.

[0153] The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above as long as it is encompassed by the subject matter of the following claims.

[0154] Additionally, it should be noted that the terms "comprising" and "having" do not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite articles "a" or "an" do not exclude a plurality. Furthermore, it should be noted that features or steps described with reference to the above embodiments may also be used in combination with other features.

[0155] List of reference symbols

[0156] A Distance

[0157] El First end area

[0158] E2 Second end area

[0159] GF sliding surface

[0160] KS contact page

[0161] V Offset

[0162] 1 frame

[0163] 2a Upper base area

[0164] 2b Lower base area

[0165] 3 Connecting element

[0166] 4 First endpoint

[0167] 5 Second endpoint

[0168] 6 leading edges

[0169] 7 openings

[0170] 8th round

[0171] 9 Coupling section

[0172] 10 formwork elements

[0173] 11 Basic element

[0174] 12 leg element

[0175] 13 Lever element

[0176] 14 Actuating element

[0177] 15 Guide

[0178] 16 Base plate

[0179] 17 Anchor tube Anchor plate Reinforcing structure Connecting element Adapter Outer contour Angle adapter Outer contour Intermediate element Threaded bolt Labyrinth seal Stop surface Projection Sealing surface Support surface Drain pocket Stop element Storage opening Fixing opening Fixing element Anchor rod Anchor element Thread

Claims

Claims 1. Base element (11) for one or more formwork elements (10) for the production of cast parts, in particular concrete components, comprising: • a frame (1), wherein the frame (1) comprises at least one first sliding surface (GF) and at least one contact side (KS); • an actuating element (14), wherein the actuating element (14) is mounted and / or arranged to be displaceable between a first and a second position relative to the frame (1); • at least one first lever element (13), wherein the first lever element (13) can be connected to a first leg element (12) with a first region, in particular a first end region (E1), and is operatively connected and / or engaged with the actuating element (14) with a second region, in particular a second end region (E2); and • at least one first guide (15).

2. Base element (11) according to claim 1, wherein: • wherein the first guide (15) is arranged at least partially or completely on, at and / or in the first sliding surface (GF) and the first guide (15) is designed to guide the first lever element (13) directly or indirectly when the actuating element (14) is moved; and / or • the frame (1) comprises at least one second sliding surface (GF) and the base element (11) further comprises: at least one second lever element (13), wherein the second lever element (13) can be connected to a second leg element (12) by a first region, in particular a first end region (E1), and is operatively connected to the actuating element (14) by a second region, in particular a second end region (E2); at least one second guide (15), wherein the second guide (15) is arranged at least partially or completely on, at and / or in the second sliding surface (GF) and the second guide (15) is designed to guide the lever element (13) directly or indirectly when the actuating element (14) is moved.

3. Base element (11) according to one of the preceding claims 1 or 2, wherein • first and / or second sliding surface (GF) are arranged opposite each other, in particular at an acute angle and / or angle < 90° to the contact side (KS) in order to form the frame (1) and / or • the frame (1) has a triangular or trapezoidal cross-section and / or base area (2); and / or • the first and / or second lever element (13), in particular at the respective second region, are operatively connected and / or connected to the actuating element (14) via a connecting element (3), wherein the connecting element (3) is configured such that an arrangement of the lever elements (13) is provided parallel to the respective sliding surface (GF); and / or • the first lever element (13) is connectable to the first leg element (12) through and / or via the first guide (15), wherein the first lever element (13) comprises in particular a first connecting means (22), wherein the first connecting means (22) is preferably designed for connection to the first leg element (12) and / or extends through the first guide (15); and / or • the second lever element (13) is connectable to the second leg element (12) through and / or via the second guide (15), wherein the second lever element (13) comprises in particular a second connecting means (22), wherein the second connecting means (22) is preferably designed for connection to the second leg element (12) and / or extends through the second guide (15); and / or • with reference to claim 2, the first and second sliding surfaces are arranged symmetrically, in particular point-symmetrically and / or axially symmetrically, with respect to the actuating element (14).

4. Base element (11) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and / or second lever element (13) and / or the actuating element (14) is / are arranged at least partially within or completely within the frame (1) and / or the base element (11).

5. Base element (11) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein • the first and / or second guide (15) is designed as a hole guide and / or as a slide track and / or • wherein the first and / or second guide (15) has a first end point (4) and a second end point (5), wherein the guide surfaces and / or guide edges (6) between the first and the second end point (4, 5) in particular do not run parallel and / or preferably do not have a constant distance; and / or • the first and / or second guide (15) is designed as a tear hole, the tear hole preferably comprising at least two ends, one end having a smaller radius than the other, the first end point (4) preferably being located at the end with the smaller radius.

6. Base element (11) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the base element (11) comprises a surface opposite the contact side (KS), wherein in particular with reference back to claim 5, the first end point (4) of the first and / or second guide (15) has a smaller distance, preferably a normal distance, to the contact side (KS) than the respective second end point (5) of the first and / or second guide (15), wherein particularly preferably the first end point (4) is arranged relatively below the second end point (5).

7. Base element (11) according to claim 6, wherein the contact side (KS) and the surface opposite the contact side comprise at least corresponding openings (7) and / or a through-hole, wherein preferably the actuating element (14) has a corresponding passage (8), in particular in the form of an elongated hole and / or fork, wherein the corresponding passage (8) is designed to keep the corresponding openings (7) or the through-hole of the base element (11) at least partially or completely free during the movement of the actuating element (14), wherein preferably the corresponding openings (7) and the corresponding passage (8) are designed for, in particular detachably, receiving at least one anchor rod (171), preferably with an anchor element (181), wherein further preferably the anchor element (181) is designed for detachably receiving the anchor rod (171) and is fixed to the corresponding Opening (7) of the contact side opposite surface of the base element (11) is arranged and / or is received and / or engaged via an anchor plate (18), wherein preferably the corresponding opening (7) of the contact side opposite surface has the anchor plate (18).

8. Base element (11) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the base element (11) comprises a fixing element (143) to preferably fix the actuating element (14) in a position, in particular the first position, wherein the fixing element (143) is located in particular on the side opposite the contact side.

9. Base element (11) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the base element (11) has an upper base surface (2a) and a lower base surface (2b), wherein the upper base surface (2a) preferably comprises a storage opening (141) for the actuating element (14), through which the actuating element (14) preferably extends and / or the lower base surface (2b) has a receptacle for an actuating element of a further base element and the actuating element (14) comprises a coupling section (9) for coupling the further base element, wherein the coupling section preferably comprises an upper coupling section (9) and a lower coupling section (9) corresponding thereto.

10. Base element (11) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the actuating element (14) is connectable to a drive unit and / or the formwork element (10) comprises a drive unit, wherein the drive unit is preferably a mechanical drive unit, in particular comprising a spindle, electrical and / or hydraulic drive unit, in particular comprising a synchronous cylinder, and / or the drive unit can preferably be actuated automatically, manually and / or semi-automatically.

11. Formwork element (10), in particular planar formwork element (10), for producing cast parts, in particular concrete components, comprising: • A base element (11) according to one of claims 1 to 10; • at least one first leg element (12), wherein the first lever element (13) is in engagement or operative connection with the first region, in particular a first end region (El), with the first leg element (12), wherein preferably when the actuating element (14) is moved from a first position to a second position, the first leg element (12) is moved along the first sliding surface (GF) from a concreting position to a stripping position, wherein in particular the first end point (4) of the first guide (15) corresponds to the position of the first leg element (12) in the concreting position (BP) and / or the second end point of the first guide (15) corresponds to the position of the first leg element (12) in the stripping position.

12. Formwork element (10) according to claim 11, further comprising: • at least one second leg element (12), wherein the lever elements (13) are each engaged or operatively connected to the second leg element (12) at a first region, in particular a first end region (El), wherein preferably when the actuating element (14) is moved from a first position to a second position, the second leg element (12) is moved along the second sliding surface (GF) from a concreting position (BP) to a stripping position (AP), wherein in particular the first end point of the second guide (15) corresponds to the position of the second leg element (12) in the concreting position and / or the second end point of the second guide (15) corresponds to the position of the second leg element (12) in the stripping position (AP).

13. Formwork element (10), in particular planar formwork element (10) for the production of cast parts, in particular concrete components, comprising: • at least one base element (11) with two oppositely arranged sliding surfaces (GF); • at least two leg elements (12), each of which is movably arranged on one of the opposite sliding surfaces (GF) of the base element (11); • at least two lever elements (13), wherein the lever elements (13) are each attached to a first region, in particular a first End region (E1), are engaged and / or operatively connected with one of the leg elements (12) and at a second region, in particular the second end region (E2), with a movable actuating element (14); wherein the actuating element (14) and the lever elements (13) are operatively connected and configured such that when the actuating element (14) is moved from a first position to a second position, the leg elements (12) are moved along the sliding surfaces (GF) from a concreting position (BP) to a striking position (AP).

14. Formwork element (10) according to claim 13, wherein at least one or both lever elements (13) and / or the actuating element (14) is / are arranged at least partially within or completely within the base element (11).

15. Formwork element (10) according to one of claims 13 or 14, wherein the base element (11) has at least one guide (15) on each sliding surface (GF), wherein the guide (15) is preferably designed to guide one of the at least two lever elements (13).

16. Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims 13 to 15, wherein the lever elements (12), in particular at the respective second region, are operatively connected and / or connected to the actuating element (14) via a connecting element (3), wherein the connecting element (3) is arranged such that an arrangement of the lever elements (12) is provided parallel to the respective sliding surface (GF).

17. Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims 13 to 16, wherein the lever elements (13) are guided in at least one guide (15) on at least one side, the side or sides of the base element (11) which face the leg elements (12) or on which the leg elements are aligned or the leg elements are guided in such a way that when the actuating element (14) is moved from the first position to the second position, the lever elements (13) are guided in the guide (15) from a first position to a second position, wherein preferably the guide (15) is arranged in, on and / or at the side of the base element (11), wherein the side is preferably one of the at least two sliding surfaces.

18. Formwork element (10) according to one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the lever elements (13) are provided at opposite positions on or in the base element (11) and the leg elements (12).

19. Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims 13 to 18, wherein the guides (15) are hole guides, wherein preferably the guides (15) of the opposite lever elements (13) are designed correspondingly.

20. Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims 13 to 19, wherein • at least one guide (15) or the guides (15) are designed as linear hole guides and / or as slide tracks; and / or • at least one guide (15) or the guides (15) are designed as a hole guide and / or as a slide track and / or wherein the guide has a first end point (4) and a second end point (5), wherein the guide surfaces between the first and the second end point (4, 5) do not run parallel and / or do not have a constant distance, wherein in particular the first end point corresponds to the position of the, in particular respective, leg element (12) in the concreting position (BP) and / or the second end point corresponds to the position of the, in particular respective, leg element (12) in the stripping position (AP).

21. Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims 13 to 20, wherein at least one or all of the guides (15) are designed as a tear hole, the tear hole preferably comprising at least two ends, wherein one of the two ends comprises a smaller radius than the other, wherein preferably the first end point (4) is located at the end with the smaller radius.

22. Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims 13 to 21, wherein the base element (11) comprises at least corresponding openings (7) and / or a through hole on a contact side (KS) and on a side opposite the contact side (KS), wherein preferably the actuating element (14) has a corresponding passage (8), in particular in the form of an elongated hole and / or fork, wherein the corresponding passage (8) is designed to keep the corresponding openings (7) or the through-hole of the base element (11) at least partially or completely free during the movement of the actuating element (14), wherein preferably corresponding openings (7) and the corresponding passage (8) are designed for, in particular releasably, receiving at least one anchor rod (171), preferably with an anchor element (181), wherein more preferably the anchor element (181) is designed for releasably receiving the anchor rod (171) and is arranged on the corresponding opening (7) on the surface of the base element (11) opposite the contact side and / or is received and / or engaged via an anchor plate (18), wherein preferably the corresponding opening (7) on the surface opposite the contact side,the anchor plate (18)., 23. Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims 13 to 22, wherein base plates (16) of the leg elements (12) form a plane with a base plate (16) of the base element (11) in the first position of the actuating element (14) and / or the base plates (16) of the leg elements (12) are arranged offset from the base plate (16) of the base element in the second position of the actuating element (14).

24. Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims 13 to 23, wherein the Sliding surfaces (GF) are arranged symmetrically, in particular point-symmetrically and / or axially symmetrically, with respect to the actuating element (14); and / or wherein the actuating element (14) is connectable to a drive unit.

25. Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims 13 to 24, wherein the Formwork element (10) comprises a drive unit, wherein the drive unit is preferably a mechanical drive unit, in particular comprising a spindle, electrical and / or hydraulic drive unit, in particular comprising a synchronous cylinder, and / or the drive unit can preferably be operated automatically, manually and / or semi-automatically 26. Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 25, wherein the respective lever elements (13) represent the only operative connection and / or coupling between the base element (11) and / or the actuating element (14) and the respective leg element, wherein in particular the operative connection is provided via and / or by the guide (15).

27. Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 26, wherein the actuating element (14) is designed as a pull rod and / or multi-part pull rod.

28. Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 27, wherein at least the first and / or second or the leg elements (12) in the first position of the actuating element (14) end flush with one of the lower and / or upper base surfaces (2a, 2b) of the base element (11) and in the second position of the actuating element (14) end offset from one of the lower and / or upper base surfaces (2a, 2b) of the base element (11), preferably in order to produce a defined distance (A), wherein further preferably the defined distance (A) is between 2 mm and 50 mm, particularly preferably between 5 mm and 25 mm, particularly preferably between 10 mm and 20 mm or 15 mm.

29. Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 28, wherein the base element (11) has a triangular or trapezoidal cross-section and / or base area (2a, 2b) and / or wherein the formwork element has a width of 600 mm.

30. Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 29, wherein • the base of the isosceles right-angled triangle and the, in particular first and / or second, leg elements (12) form a flat surface in the first position of the actuating element (14) and / or the base of the isosceles right-angled triangle and the, in particular first and / or second, leg elements in the second position of the Actuating element (14) are arranged offset from one another; and / or • a / the contact side (KS) of the base element (11) and a contact side of the first and / or second leg element (12) or the contact sides of the leg elements (12) form a flat and / or flush surface, in particular an outer surface of the formwork element (10), in the first position of the actuating element (14) and do not form a flat surface, in particular an offset surface, to one another in the second position of the actuating element (14), wherein the respective contact side has an offset (V) to the contact side (KS) of the base element (11), wherein the offset (V) is preferably between 5 mm and 60 mm, particularly preferably between 10 and 50 mm, further preferably between 25 and 45 mm, very particularly preferably between 30 and 40 mm or 37.5 mm.

31. Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 30, wherein the base element (11) and the, in particular first and / or second, leg elements (12) are arranged along a longitudinal axis such that they form a flat surface.

32. Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 31, wherein the formwork element (10) comprises a labyrinth seal (100) between the contact side (KS) of the base element (11) and the first and / or second leg elements (12) or the leg elements (12).

33. Formwork element (10) according to claim 32, wherein the labyrinth seal (100) is formed by a stop surface (101), preferably provided by one or more projections (103) of the contact side (KS), and a corresponding positive connection of the respective first and / or second leg element (12) or leg elements (12); and / or wherein the labyrinth seal (100) comprises at least three sealing surfaces (104), wherein the sealing surfaces (104) are preferably aligned at different angles to one another and / or comprise the stop surface (101).

34. Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 33, wherein the Formwork elements (10) can be arranged one above the other and / or the actuating elements (14) of the formwork elements (10) can be brought into operative engagement with one another.

35. Formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 34, wherein the first and / or second leg element (12) or the leg elements (12) comprise at least one anchor tube (17) and at least one anchor plate (18) and / or comprise one or more openings for at least one anchor tube (17) and at least one anchor plate (18).

36. Formwork for concreting a shaft comprising: at least one, preferably a plurality, in particular at least four, formwork elements (10) according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 35, which preferably form an inner formwork, and at least one, preferably a plurality, in particular at least four, further formwork elements, in particular formwork elements (10) according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 35, which form an outer formwork.

37. Formwork according to claim 35, wherein • the formwork comprises at least one, preferably two, adapters (30), wherein the adapters (30) are preferably connected via one of the, in particular first and / or second, leg elements (12) of a formwork element (10) of the formwork directly and / or via one or more intermediate elements (50); and / or • the formwork comprises at least one angle adapter (40), wherein the angle adapter (40) preferably connects two leg elements (12) of two formwork elements (10) directly and / or via one or more intermediate elements (50) and / or wherein the angle adapter (40) is preferably connected to an adapter (30) via one of the leg elements (12) of a formwork element (10) of the formwork directly and / or via one or more intermediate elements (50).

38. Formwork according to claim 37, wherein the adapter (30) and / or angle adapter (40) comprise an at least partially or completely angular and / or round outer contour (32, 42) and / or wherein the adapter (30) and / or angle adapter (40) comprises a base surface that is at least partially or completely square, rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, polygonal, round, and / or a combination thereof, wherein the outer contour (32, 42) of the angle adapter particularly preferably follows the base surface; and / or wherein the adapter (30) and / or angle adapter (40) comprises at least one joint.

39. A method for concreting a concrete component, comprising: • Providing at least one formwork element (10) according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 35 and forming a casting mold into which concrete can be introduced, wherein the actuating element (14) of the formwork element (10) is arranged in the first position; • Pouring concrete into the formed mold and curing the concrete component; • Moving the actuating element (14) of the base element (11) from the first position to the second position so that the foot plates (16) of the leg elements (12) lift off the ground and / or the leg elements (12) are moved away from the concrete component along the sliding surfaces of the base element (11).

40. Use of a base element (11), a leg element (12), a drive and / or an actuating element (14) in a formwork element (10) according to one of claims 1 to 11 to 35.

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