Composite material

Abstract

Disclosed in the present specification are a composite material and a use thereof. In one example, the composite material is a composite material in which a metal plate and a plastic plate are bonded to each other, and may be a composite material having a cavity at the bonding interface between the metal plate and the plastic plate. According to the disclosure in the present specification, when the composite material is used as a heat dissipation material (for example, a heat sink) in which a fluid such as a cooling medium moves into the cavity, the cavity can be designed so that the fluid can perform stable and effective heat exchange with a heating element, etc. In addition, according to the disclosure in the present specification, high airtightness can be secured in the cavity so that the heat exchange performance can be maintained for a long period of time without loss. According to the disclosure in the present specification, even when the composite material is manufactured to have a large area or a large size, excellent heat exchange performance, and durability due to airtightness can be exhibited. Disclosed in the present specification is also a use of the composite material.

Description

composite materials

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority to Republic of Korea Patent Application No. 10-2023-0143263, dated October 24, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] This specification discloses composite materials and their uses.

[0003] The technology to firmly attach dissimilar materials (e.g., metal and plastic) to each other without deformation of their appearance is useful in various fields.

[0004] For example, heat-dissipating materials like heat sinks are typically made of metal. While metals are useful as heat-dissipating materials due to their excellent thermal conductivity, they are disadvantageous when it comes to weight reduction. Therefore, if the portion of a heat-dissipating material like a heat sink that primarily requires heat transfer can be formed from metal, while the other portions can be formed from materials like plastic, a material can be created that simultaneously satisfies both heat-transfer and lightweight properties.

[0005] However, it is not an easy problem to firmly and stably attach dissimilar materials such as metal and plastic to each other.

[0006] For example, one can consider methods for bonding dissimilar materials using adhesives or other bonding materials. However, adhesives that simultaneously exhibit high adhesion to different materials are rare.

[0007] Another method may be to consider a method of joining dissimilar materials, such as metals and / or plastics, by melting one or more of them and applying pressure to each other. However, in this case, the heat applied for the melting may cause deformation, such as warping, in the metal and / or plastic, which are the joining materials. Therefore, for example, it is difficult to perform the joining while stably forming a certain internal space (cavity) between the joining interfaces of the dissimilar materials, and it is even more difficult to suppress the deformation, especially in the process of manufacturing large-area materials.

[0008] In addition, when joining heterogeneous materials to form an internal space in order to apply a composite material to a heat sink, etc., the internal space must be provided with airtightness.

[0009] When materials are used as heat sinks, a cooling medium, such as coolant or air, is often circulated within the internal space to dissipate heat transferred from the outside. Since this cooling medium is often a fluid, even if there are minute gaps connecting the internal space to the outside, it can leak out through these gaps. Therefore, in addition to simply bonding dissimilar materials with high bonding strength, the bonding process must be performed while ensuring airtightness, ensuring that these minute gaps are minimized as much as possible.

[0010] The present specification discloses a composite material and its use. The composite material may be, in one example, a composite material in which a metal plate and a plastic plate are bonded to each other, and an internal space exists at the bonding interface between the metal plate and the plastic plate. One purpose of the present specification is to disclose a design of the internal space so that, when the composite material is used as a heat dissipation material (e.g., a heat sink) through which a fluid such as a cooling medium moves, the fluid can perform stable and effective heat exchange with a heating element, etc. In addition, the present specification discloses a composite material in which a high degree of airtightness is secured in the internal space so that the heat exchange performance can be maintained without loss over the long term.

[0011] The present specification also aims to disclose a composite material that can exhibit excellent heat exchange performance and durability due to airtightness even when manufactured in a large area or large scale.

[0012] The present specification also aims to disclose uses of the above composite materials.

[0013] Among the properties mentioned in this specification, properties that are affected by temperature are properties measured at room temperature, unless otherwise specified.

[0014] In this specification, the term "room temperature" means a natural temperature that has not been heated or cooled, for example, a temperature within a range of about 10°C to 30°C, for example, a temperature of about 23°C or about 25°C. In addition, unless otherwise specified in this specification, the unit of temperature is ℃.

[0015] Among the properties mentioned in this specification, if pressure affects the results, unless otherwise specified, the properties are measured at atmospheric pressure. The term atmospheric pressure refers to natural pressure that is neither pressurized nor depressurized, and typically refers to a pressure within the range of approximately 700 mmHg to 800 mmHg.

[0016] Among the properties mentioned in this specification, if humidity affects the results, unless otherwise specified, the properties are measured at standard humidity. Standard humidity refers to 40%, 50%, or 65% relative humidity.

[0017] The present specification discloses a composite material.

[0018] The term composite material may refer to a material comprising a plastic plate and a metal plate. Specifically, the composite material may include a metal plate having a first surface and a second surface opposite thereto, and a plastic plate also having a first surface and a second surface opposite thereto.

[0019] The first surface and the second surface as mentioned above are terms used to refer to the main surface of a metal plate or plastic plate and the surface opposite to the main surface, and do not specify any chronological or superior-subordinate relationship. The main surface as mentioned above refers to the surface with the largest area among the surfaces of the metal plate or plastic plate.

[0020] The metal plate and the plastic plate may be in a bonded state. For example, the first surface of the metal plate and the second surface of the plastic plate may be bonded to each other. The metal plate and the plastic plate may be bonded while physically touching each other. This may mean, for example, that the bonding is performed without using any other material, such as an adhesive.

[0021] The above composite material may include an internal space formed at the bonding interface between the plastic plate and the metal plate. This internal space may be formed, for example, by forming convex and concave portions in one or both of the plastic plate and the metal plate and then bonding the plastic plate and the metal plate.

[0022] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1, a concave portion is formed on the second surface (202) of the plastic plate (200) of the composite material, and a surface (2021) of the second surface (202) of the plastic plate (202) on which the concave portion is not formed is bonded to the first surface (101) of the metal plate (100) as a bonding surface, so that an internal space (300) due to the concave portion can be formed at the bonding interface between the plastic plate (200) and the metal plate (100).

[0023] In Fig. 1, a case in which a concave portion is formed in a plastic plate (200) is exemplified, but such a concave portion may be formed in a metal plate (100) or may be formed in both the metal plate (100) and the plastic plate (200).

[0024] These internal spaces can become the euros described later.

[0025] There are no specific restrictions on the type of plastic plate included in the composite material, and an appropriate type may be selected and used depending on the intended purpose. As an example, the plastic plate may include a plastic plate containing a resin component and a filler component.

[0026] There is no particular limitation on the type of resin component included in the above plastic plate. For example, the resin component may be selected and used appropriately from among resin components known to be moldable by applying heat or the like.

[0027] For example, a thermoplastic polymer can be used as the resin component. The types of applicable thermoplastic polymers include various crystalline or amorphous polymers, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, polyolefin polymers such as PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene), polyalkylene oxide polymers such as mPPO (Modified PPO (Polyethylene oxide)), polyamide polymers such as PA (polyamide), acetal polymers such as POM (polyoxymethylene), polyester polymers such as PC (polycarbonate), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate) or PET (polyethylene terephthalate), acrylic polymers such as PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)), and polystyrene polymers such as PS (polystyrene) or ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene).

[0028] There is no special limitation on the ratio of the above resin components within the plastic plate, and the ratio can be adjusted to an appropriate ratio depending on the purpose.

[0029] The above plastic plate may include a filler component as an additional component. Such a filler component may be included, for example, as a reinforcing material.

[0030] There are no special limitations on examples of filler components. For example, filler components may include organic fillers such as glass fillers, carbon fillers, and / or silica fillers, inorganic fillers, or organic-inorganic fillers.

[0031] The shape of the above filler is determined according to the purpose and there are no special limitations. For example, the filler may be a particulate filler (a particulate filler of a spherical, angular, irregular or other shape), a plate-shaped filler or a fibrous filler.

[0032] There is no specific limitation on the thickness of the above plastic plate. The thickness of the plastic plate can be adjusted to an appropriate level considering the desired strength, thermal conductivity, and other physical properties. For example, the lower limit of the thickness of the plastic plate may be about 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.9 mm or 2.0 mm, and the upper limit may be about 20.0 mm, 19.0 mm, 18.0 mm, 17.0 mm, 16.0 mm, 15.0 mm, 14.0 mm, 13.0 mm, 12.0 mm, 11.0 mm, 10.0 mm, 9.0 mm, 8.0 mm, 7.0 mm, 6.0 mm, 5.0 mm, 4.0 mm, 3.0 mm or 2.0 mm. The thickness may be within a range that is greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above; within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above.

[0033] The shape of the above plastic plate is not limited. For example, the plastic plate may be plate-shaped. To form the internal space, the plastic plate may be a molded body having a concave-convex shape including a raised portion (convex portion) and a concave portion (concave portion).

[0034] The method for forming the concave-convex shape for forming the above-mentioned concave portion in the plastic plate is not particularly limited. For example, the concave-convex shape can be formed by applying a known plastic molding method such as injection molding, vacuum molding, or press molding. In order to secure the desired airtightness and bonding strength, it is necessary that no bubbles or pores are formed inside the plastic plate during the process of forming the concave-convex shape. In addition, in order to secure the above-mentioned airtightness and bonding strength, it is necessary that the plastic plate itself has a high and uniform strength, and further that the strength difference between the convex and concave portions of the concave-convex shape is small. In order to manufacture such a plastic plate, it is necessary that pressure is applied to both the upper and lower portions of the plastic plate during the process of forming the concave-convex shape. For this purpose, for example, the concave-convex shape can be formed by a molding method that combines vacuum molding and press molding.

[0035] For example, the above-mentioned uneven shape can be formed by applying pressure to the upper and lower portions of a plastic plate while the plastic plate is heated to a constant temperature.

[0036] In this case, the relationship between the heating temperature and the glass transition temperature of the plastic plate (or the resin component included therein) can be adjusted. For example, when the heating temperature is T and the glass transition temperature is Tg, the upper limit of the absolute value of the temperature deviation calculated by the formula 100×(T-Tg) / Tg may be about 60%, 55%, 50%, 45%, 40%, or 35%, and the lower limit may be about 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, or 30%. The absolute value of the temperature deviation may be within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the above-described upper limits; or may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the above-described lower limits and at the same time less than or equal to any one of the above-described upper limits. By applying pressure to a heated plastic plate in this range to form a rough shape, a plastic plate with minimized internal pores and uniform strength can be provided.

[0037] When applying pressure at the above temperature to form a roughness, the pressure may be applied simultaneously to the upper and lower portions of the plastic plate. In this case, the magnitude of the pressure applied from the upper portion of the plastic plate is P U , and the size of the eye force applied from below is P L At one time, the equation 100×(P U -P L ) / P LThe upper limit of the absolute value of the pressure deviation calculated by may be about 60%, 55%, 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 28%, 26%, 24%, 22% or 21%, and the lower limit may be about 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% or 20%. The absolute value of the pressure deviation may be within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and at the same time less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above. By applying pressure to the plastic plate in this range to form a concave-convex shape, a plastic plate in which pores are minimized and uniform strength is secured can be provided.

[0038] The above-described forming method is exemplified in Manufacturing Example 1 of this specification. However, the method applicable to implementing the uneven shape is not limited to the above-described method.

[0039] There is no particular limitation on the type of metal plate applied to the above composite material. The metal plate may be selected depending on the intended use of the composite material. For example, when the above composite material is applied as a heat dissipation material, a metal plate having a certain level of thermal conductivity or higher may be used. The metal plate may be a metal plate such as an aluminum plate, a SUS (stainless steel) plate, a tungsten plate, an iron plate, a cast iron plate, and / or a copper plate.

[0040] There is no specific limitation on the thickness of the metal plate. It can be adjusted to an appropriate level depending on the purpose. For example, the lower limit of the thickness of the metal plate may be about 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.9 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.8 mm, 2.9 mm or 3.0 mm, and the upper limit may be about 20.0 mm, 19.5 mm, 19.0 mm, 18.5 mm, 18.0 mm, 17.5 mm, 17.0 mm, 16.5 mm, 16.0 mm, The thickness may be about 15.5mm, 15.0mm, 14.5mm, 14.0mm, 13.5mm, 13.0mm, 12.5mm, 12.0mm, 11.5mm, 11.0mm, 10.5mm, 10.0mm, 9.5mm, 9.0mm, 8.5mm, 8.0mm, 7.5mm, 7.0mm, 6.5mm, 6.0mm, 5.5mm, 5.0mm, 4.5mm, 4.0mm, 3.5mm or 3.0mm. The thickness may be in a range that is greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above; or in a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; Or it may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and at the same time less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above.

[0041] If necessary, the metal plate may also have a recessed shape, such as a concave portion like the plastic plate described above, to form the internal space. There is no particular limitation on the method for forming such a shape on the metal plate, and for example, the shape may be formed by appropriately bending or forming the metal plate using a known metal forming method. However, in the process of forming the recessed shape on the metal plate, it may be difficult to ensure airtightness due to the bending portion, etc., and therefore the recessed shape may not be formed on the metal plate.

[0042] The surface of the metal plate, at least the surface in contact with the plastic plate, may be surface treated. By this surface treatment, the desired bonding strength and airtightness can be more effectively secured. By this surface treatment, a fur pattern may be formed on the metal plate. The term "fur pattern" may refer to an area including a groove formed downward based on the surface of the metal plate and a protrusion formed upward based on the surface of the metal plate. This fur pattern can be confirmed when observing a cross-section of the metal plate in a direction perpendicular to the normal direction of the surface of the metal plate. The protrusion may be referred to as a burr. Therefore, the fur pattern may be formed on the surface of the metal plate, for example, at least the surface in contact with the plastic plate.

[0043] Figure 2 is an exemplary drawing of the above fur pattern.

[0044] In the above fur pattern, the depth of the groove (Groove depth in FIG. 2), the width of the groove (Groove width in FIG. 2), and the height of the protrusion (Burr height in FIG. 2) can be selected in consideration of the desired bonding strength or airtightness, and these are not particularly limited.

[0045] For example, the lower limit of the depth of the groove of the fur pattern may be about 30 μm, 50 μm, 70 μm, 90 μm, 110 μm, 130 μm, 150 μm or 155 μm, and the upper limit may be about 500 μm, 450 μm, 400 μm, 350 μm, 300 μm, 250 μm, 200 μm, 190 μm, 180 μm, 170 μm, 160 μm, 150 μm, 140 μm, 130 μm, 120 μm, 100 μm or 95 μm. The depth may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; Or, it may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and at the same time less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above. The depth is measured based on the surface of the metal plate.

[0046] For example, the lower limit of the width of the groove of the fur pattern may be about 50 μm, 70 μm, 90 μm, 110 μm, 130 μm, 150 μm, 160 μm or 170 μm, and the upper limit may be about 1,000 μm, 900 μm, 800 μm, 700 μm, 600 μm, 500 μm, 400 μm, 300 μm, 200 μm, 190 μm, 180 μm, 170 μm, 160 μm, 150 μm, 140 μm, 130 μm or 125 μm. The width may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; Or, it may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and at the same time less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above. The width is a value measured at a cross-section of the metal plate on which the fur pattern is formed, and is the maximum value among the values ​​measured at the cross-section of the groove.

[0047] For example, the lower limit of the height of the burr of the above fur pattern may be about 1 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm or 55 μm, and the upper limit may be about 500 μm, 450 μm, 400 μm, 350 μm, 300 μm, 250 μm, 200 μm, 190 μm, 180 μm, 170 μm, 160 μm, 150 μm, 140 μm, 130 μm, 120 μm, 100 μm, 90 μm, 80 μm, 70 μm, 60 μm, 50 μm, 40 μm, It may be about 30 μm or 20 μm. The height may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and at the same time less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above. The height is measured based on the surface of the metal plate.

[0048] There are no specific limitations on the method for forming the above-mentioned fur pattern on a metal plate. For example, the pattern can be formed by scanning the surface of the metal plate with a laser of appropriate power or by physically scratching it.

[0049] The internal space described above in the above composite material can form a flow path through which a fluid can flow at the bonding interface. As a cooling medium such as water or energy flows through the flow path, the composite material can be used as a heat dissipation material.

[0050] These euros can be designed so that the cooling medium can effectively exchange heat with the heating element when the cooling medium is applied.

[0051] For example, the flow path is formed by the joint surface of the plastic plate and the metal plate, and the joint surface can be formed to include an external joint surface existing on the outside of the flow path and a plurality of internal joint surfaces existing on the inside of the flow path.

[0052] In this specification, the term internal joint surface refers to a region where the plastic plate and the metal plate are joined, and is formed so that the fluid can be divided by the joined region and then rejoined during the process of moving the fluid through the passage.

[0053] In this specification, the term external joint surface refers to an area where the plastic plate and the metal plate are joined, and is not the internal joint surface.

[0054] The above bonding surface is described with reference to Fig. 3.

[0055] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a composite material disclosed in this specification when observed from the front (e.g., in a direction perpendicular to the normal direction of the second surface of the plastic plate), wherein the inner joint surface (500) and the outer joint surface (600) are indicated by hatching, and the portion not indicated by hatching is the flow path. In a configuration such as Fig. 3, a fluid can be injected into the inlet (In), move through the flow path, and then be discharged again through the outlet (Out).

[0056] Looking at the drawing, it can be seen that the fluid encounters the internal joint surface (500) during the movement process, is divided by the internal joint surface (500), and then rejoins within the flow path, but the external joint surface does not perform this function. In some parts of the flow path in the drawing, the flow of the fluid as described above is indicated by arrows as an example.

[0057] Such fluid can move through the path while in contact with the metal plate.

[0058] In one example, the flow path (internal space) may be formed so that the fluid injected into the joint interface between the plastic plate and the metal plate is discharged after moving an area greater than a certain percentage of the total area of ​​the metal plate (or plastic plate). This means, for example, that the area of ​​the flow path occupies a certain percentage or more of the area of ​​the metal plate. For example, the area (A) of the metal plate M ) compared to the area of ​​the above euro (A F ) ratio (100×A F / A M ) may be about 60%, 62%, 64%, 66%, 68%, 70%, 72%, 74%, 76%, 78% or 80%, and its upper limit may be about 99%, 97%, 95%, 93%, 91%, 89%, 87%, 85%, 83% or 81%. The above ratio (100×A F / A M ) is equal to the ratio of the area of ​​the metal plate (or plastic plate) through which the fluid injected into the joint interface between the plastic plate and the metal plate moves to the area of ​​the metal plate (or plastic plate). The ratio may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and at the same time less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above. The larger the ratio, the more effectively the fluid can exchange heat. However, the larger the ratio, the smaller the area of ​​the joint surface between the plastic plate and the metal plate, and in that case, it is not easy to secure excellent joint strength and airtightness, etc. However, the composite material manufactured by the method disclosed in the present specification has a ratio of 100×A F / A M It is possible to secure high bonding strength between the plastic plate and the metal plate and airtightness of the internal space (channel) while securing the maximum bonding strength.

[0059] As illustrated in Fig. 3, the internal bonding surface (500) is formed within the flow path, and the density of the internal bonding surface (500) can be controlled to enable effective heat exchange. The density of the internal bonding surface is the ratio of the number of internal bonding surfaces formed within the flow path to the total area of ​​the flow path. The lower limit of the density of the internal bonding surface is 10 / m. 2 , 15 pieces / m 2 , 20 pieces / m 2 , 25 pieces / m 2 , 30 pieces / m 2 , 35 pieces / m 2 , 40 pieces / m 2 , 45 pieces / m 2 , 50 pieces / m 2 , 51 / m 2 , 52 / m 2 , 53 / m 2 or 54 / m 2 It can be of the order of 500 / m. 2 , 450 pieces / m 2 , 400 pieces / m 2 , 350 pieces / m 2 , 300 pieces / m 2 , 250 pieces / m 2 , 200 pieces / m 2 , 150 pieces / m 2 , 100 pieces / m 2 , 95 / m 2 , 90 pieces / m 2 , 85 pieces / m 2 , 80 pieces / m 2 , 75 pieces / m 2 , 70 pieces / m 2 , 65 pieces / m 2 , 60 pieces / m 2 or 55 / m 2The density may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and at the same time less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above. The internal bonding surface formed with the density may enable the fluid moving through the passage to effectively scan the entire area of ​​the passage, thereby enabling stable and efficient heat exchange.

[0060] The above internal joint surface can be designed so that R1 of the following equation 1 is within a certain range.

[0061] [Formula 1]

[0062] R1 = A1 / A2

[0063] In Equation 1, A1 is the total area of ​​the above-mentioned euro, A2 is the sum of the areas of the multiple internal joint surfaces (total area), and the units of A1 and A2 are the same.

[0064] The lower limit of R1 in Equation 1 may be about 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20, and the upper limit may be about 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 23, or 21. The R1 may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above. The internal joint surface formed to satisfy the range of the above R1 can enable the fluid moving through the path to move while effectively scanning the entire area of ​​the path, thereby enabling stable and efficient heat exchange.

[0065] The above internal joint surface can be designed so that R2 in Equation 2 below is within a certain range.

[0066] [Formula 2]

[0067] R2 = A1 / A3

[0068] In the formula, A1 is the total area of ​​the above-mentioned euro, and A3 is the area of ​​a single internal joint surface (one internal joint surface). For example, if the areas of multiple internal joint surfaces are not constant, A3 may be the arithmetic mean of the areas of the multiple internal joint surfaces. The units of A1 and A3 are the same.

[0069] The lower limit of R2 in Equation 2 may be about 95, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, or 165, and the upper limit may be about 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 190, 180, or 175. The R2 may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above. The internal joint surface formed to satisfy the above range of R2 can enable the fluid moving through the path to move while effectively scanning the entire area of ​​the path, thereby enabling stable and efficient heat exchange.

[0070] The above internal joint surface can be designed so that R3 of the following equation 3 is within a certain range.

[0071] [Formula 3]

[0072] R3 = L 2 / A3

[0073] In Equation 3, L is the spacing between multiple internal joint surfaces, and A3 is the area of ​​a single internal joint surface (one internal joint surface).

[0074] In the above, the square of L and the unit of A3 are the same.

[0075] In the above, the spacing between the multiple internal joint surfaces is the spacing between the centers of adjacent internal joint surfaces (e.g., L1 and L2 in Fig. 3). For example, if there is no other internal joint surface on the imaginary line connecting the centers of any two internal joint surfaces, the two internal joint surfaces can be said to be adjacent to each other. In another example, if a fluid flows through a flow path and is divided by one of the internal joint surfaces, then rejoins, and then there is an internal joint surface where it meets, the two internal joint surfaces can be said to be adjacent to each other. Meanwhile, the center of the internal joint surface in the above refers to the center of gravity. In addition, when the spacing between the internal joint surfaces is multiple and not constant, Equation 3 applies the smallest spacing among the multiple spacings, the longest spacing among the multiple spacings, or the arithmetic mean of the multiple spacings.

[0076] The lower limit of R3 in Equation 3 may be about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, and the upper limit may be about 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 14, 13, 12, or 11. The R3 may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above. The internal bonding surface formed to satisfy the range of R3 can enable a fluid moving in the flow path to move while effectively scanning the entire area of ​​the flow path, thereby enabling stable and efficient heat exchange.

[0077] The above internal joint surface can be designed so that R4 in the following equation 4 is within a certain range.

[0078] [Formula 4]

[0079] R4 = A1 / T 2

[0080] In Equation 4, T is the thickness of the above-mentioned euro, and A1 is the total area of ​​the euro.

[0081] In the above, the square of T and the unit of A1 are the same.

[0082] The lower limit of R4 in Equation 4 may be about 5,000, 5,500, 6,000, 6,500, 7,000 7,500, 8,000, 8,500 or 9,000, and the upper limit may be about 50,000, 45,000, 40,000, 35,000, 30,000, 25,000, 20,000, 15,000, 10,000, 9,500 or 9,200. The R4 is within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; Or, it may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above, and at the same time less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above. The internal joint surface formed to satisfy the range of R4 can move while effectively scanning the entire area of ​​the path at an appropriate speed, thereby enabling stable and efficient heat exchange.

[0083] The shape of the internal joint surface as described above is not particularly limited, and can be formed into various shapes as long as the fluid flowing through the euro can be appropriately divided and then recombined as described above.

[0084] The total area of ​​the external and internal joint surfaces in the above composite material (A) A ) compared to the total area (A) of the above composite material T ) ratio (A T / A A ) can be adjusted. For example, the above ratio (A T / A A ) may be about 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5 or 5, and its upper limit may be about 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 9.5, 9, 8.5, 8, 7.5, 7, 6.5, 6 or 5.5. The ratio may be within a range that is greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above; within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above.

[0085] A flow path designed to satisfy the above conditions can effectively perform heat exchange while allowing the fluid moving within it to scan the entire flow path area at an appropriate speed. However, this design may reduce the bonding efficiency between the plastic and metal plates, and it may be difficult to ensure stable airtightness within the internal space.

[0086] However, in the composite material manufactured by the method disclosed herein, the internal space can exhibit excellent airtightness.

[0087] For example, the composite material or internal space (channel) may exhibit a certain level of maximum allowable internal pressure. The maximum allowable internal pressure refers to the internal pressure achieved by injecting a fluid into the internal space (internal space in a sealed state) of the composite material, and refers to the internal pressure that can be maintained substantially constant in units of bar for a certain period of time (about 60 seconds) from the time when the injection of the fluid being injected to achieve the internal pressure is stopped. In this case, the injected fluid may be, for example, air. In addition, the internal pressure being maintained substantially constant may refer to a case where it exhibits the 60-second pressure drop amount described below. A method for evaluating this maximum allowable internal pressure is described in Test Example 2 of the Examples section of the present specification. For example, the lower limit of the maximum allowable internal pressure may be about 1.5 bar, 2 bar, 2.1 bar, 2.2 bar, 2.3 bar, 2.4 bar or 2.5 bar, and the upper limit may be about 5 bar, 4.5 bar, 4 bar, 3.5 bar, 3 bar, 2.9 bar, 2.8 bar, 2.7 bar, 2.6 bar or 2.5 bar. The maximum allowable internal pressure may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and at the same time less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above.

[0088] The internal space (channel) of the composite material may also have a sealing property that exhibits a certain level of pressure drop rate. The pressure drop rate is the rate of pressure drop measured from the point in time when the injection of the fluid is stopped after the fluid is injected into the internal space (internal space in a sealed state) of the composite material so as to achieve the maximum allowable internal pressure or a higher pressure, and its unit is Pa / sec. The method for evaluating the pressure drop rate is described in Test Example 2 of the Examples section of the present specification. The upper limit of the pressure drop rate may be about 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, or 6, and the lower limit thereof may be about 1, 3, 5, or 7. The pressure drop rate may be within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is more than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above and at the same time less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above.

[0089] The internal space of the composite material may also have a sealing property indicating a certain level of 60-second pressure drop. The 60-second pressure drop refers to a value (P1-P2) obtained by subtracting the pressure (P2) at a point in time 60 seconds after the injection of fluid (air) is stopped to achieve the target pressure (P1) in the internal space from the target pressure (P1). In this case, the target pressure may be the maximum allowable internal pressure or a pressure higher than the maximum allowable internal pressure. The method for evaluating the 60-second pressure drop is described in Test Example 2 of the Examples section of the present specification. The lower limit of the 60-second pressure drop is 10×10 -4 bar, 15×10 -4 bar, 20×10 -4 bar, 25×10 -4 bar, 30×10 -4 bar, 35×10 -4 bar or 40×10 -4It can be about bar, and its upper limit is 200×10 -4 bar, 180×10 -4 bar, 160×10 -4 bar, 140×10 -4 bar, 120×10 -4 bar, 100×10 -4 bar, 80×10 -4 bar, 60×10 -4 bar, 55×10 -4 bar, 50×10 -4 bar, 45×10 -4 bar, 40×10 -4 bar or 35×10 -4 It may be about bar. The 60-second pressure drop may be within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above and at the same time less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above.

[0090] The above internal space has a pressure drop level L according to the following equation 5 P It can be within a certain range.

[0091] [Formula 2]

[0092] L P = 100×P 60 / P MAX

[0093] P in Equation 5 MAX is the maximum allowable internal pressure, and P 60 is the pressure drop over the above 60 seconds.

[0094] P to verify equation 5 60 When measuring, the target pressure is set as the maximum allowable internal pressure. A specific method for verifying Equation 2 is described in Test Example 2 of the embodiments of this specification.

[0095] For example, the above pressure reduction level L PThe upper limit of the pressure drop level L may be about 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.200%, 0.197%, 0.194%, 0.191%, 0.188%, 0.185%, 0.182%, 0.179%, 0.176%, 0.173%, 0.170%, 0.167%, 0.164%, 0.161%, 0.158%, 0.155%, 0.152%, 0.149%, 0.146%, 0.143% or 0.140%, and the lower limit may be about 0%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1% or 0.15%. P It may be within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above and at the same time less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above.

[0096] The present specification also discloses a method for producing the above composite material. By the above method, a composite material having excellent airtightness can be produced.

[0097] In the above manufacturing method, the composite material can be manufactured by joining the plastic plate and the metal plate.

[0098] This manufacturing method may include a step of heating and pressurizing the laminate of the plastic plate and the metal plate. The heating and pressurizing may be performed simultaneously or sequentially. For example, either the heating or the pressurizing may be performed first, and then the next process may be performed sequentially. Alternatively, the heating and pressurizing may be performed simultaneously. Alternatively, either the heating or the pressurizing process may be performed first, and then the other process may be performed while maintaining that process. The heating and / or pressurizing may be performed more than once.

[0099] Specific descriptions of the plastic plates and metal plates applied to the above process are as described above.

[0100] Accordingly, at least one or both of the plastic plate and the metal plate may have the aforementioned concave portion formed therein. In this case, the bonding may be performed such that an internal space is formed at the bonding interface between the plastic plate and the metal plate by the concave portion.

[0101] The shape of the above-described concave portion is determined according to the intended use of the composite material and has no particular limitations. For example, the above-described concave portion may be formed so that a flow path of the design described above can be formed.

[0102] The conditions of the heating and / or pressurizing process can be controlled for manufacturing the above composite material.

[0103] For example, the above heating can be performed so as to satisfy the following condition 1.

[0104] [Condition 1]

[0105] A × Tg ≤ T PP < Tg < T MP < Tm

[0106] T in condition 1 PP is the temperature of the plastic plate of the laminate measured during the heating, Tg is the glass transition temperature of the plastic plate or the resin component included in the plastic plate, and T MP is the interface temperature of the metal plate and the plastic plate of the laminate measured during the heating, and Tm may be the melting temperature of the metal plate.

[0107] In condition 1, A is any number, for example, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55 or 0.6.

[0108] Temperature T of the plastic plate of the laminate measured during the heating as specified in Condition 1 PP is controlled to be greater than or equal to A × Tg but less than Tg.

[0109] Temperature T of condition 1PP is adjusted according to the glass transition temperature Tg of the applied plastic plate. For example, the temperature T PP The lower limit may be about 50℃, 52.5℃, 55℃, 57.5℃, 60℃, 62.5℃, 65℃, 67.5℃, 70℃, 72.5℃, 75℃, 77.5℃, 80℃, 82.5℃, 85℃, 87.5℃ or 90℃, and the upper limit may be about 200℃, 195℃, 190℃, 185℃, 180℃, 175℃, 170℃, 165℃, 160℃, 155℃, 150℃, 145℃, 130℃, 195℃, 130℃, 120℃, 125℃, 110℃, 105℃, 100℃, 95℃ or It can be around 90℃. The above temperature T PP는 , within a range that is greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above; within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above.

[0110] The glass transition temperature Tg of the above plastic plate or the resin component included therein is selected according to the type of plastic plate to be applied, and there is no special limitation thereon. In one example, the lower limit of the glass transition temperature Tg of the above condition 1 may be about 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, 95°C, 100°C, 105°C, 110°C, 115°C, 120°C, 125°C, 130°C, 135°C, 140°C or 145°C, and the upper limit may be about 400°C, 390°C, 380°C, 370°C, 360°C, 350°C, 340°C, 330°C, 320°C, 310°C, 300°C, 290°C, 280°C, 270°C, 260°C, 250°C, 240°C, 230°C, It may be about 220°C, 210°C, 200°C, 190°C, 180°C, 170°C, 160°C, or 150°C. The glass transition temperature Tg may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and at the same time less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above.

[0111] In a heating process satisfying condition 1, T for the above Tg PP The ratio of Tg / T PP can be adjusted. For example, the ratio Tg / T PP The upper limit of the ratio Tg / T may be about 2.5, 2.4, 2.3, 2.2, 2.1, 2, 1.9, 1.8, 1.7 or 1.65, and the lower limit may be about 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 or 1.6. PPIt may be within a range that is greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above; or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above.

[0112] The interface temperature T of the metal plate and the plastic plate measured during heating under condition 1 MP is determined by the glass transition temperature Tg and the melting temperature Tm. In one example, the temperature T MP The lower limit of the temperature may be about 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, 150°C, 160°C, 170°C or 180°C, and the upper limit may be about 300°C, 290°C, 280°C, 270°C, 260°C, 250°C, 240°C, 230°C, 220°C, 210°C, 200°C, 190°C, 180°C, 170°C or 160°C. The interface temperature may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; Or it may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and at the same time less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above.

[0113] In the case where condition 1 is satisfied, the above T MP T for g The ratio of T MP / Tg can be further adjusted. For example, the above ratio T MPThe lower limit of / Tg may be about 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, or 1.1, and the upper limit may be about 3.0, 2.9, 2.8, 2.7, 2.6, 2.5, 2.4, 2.3, 2.2, 2.1, 2.0, 1.9, 1.8, 1.7, 1.6, 1.5, 1.4, 1.3, or 1.2. The above ratio T MP / Tg may be within a range that is greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above.

[0114] The melting temperature of the above metal plate is adjusted according to the type of metal and is determined according to the unique melting temperature Tm of the metal plate. In one example, the lower limit of the melting temperature of the above metal plate may be about 185°C, 190°C, 195°C, 200°C, 205°C, 210°C, 215°C, 220°C, 225°C, 230°C, 235°C, 240°C, 245°C, 250°C, 255°C, 260°C or 265°C, and the upper limit may be about 900°C, 850°C, 800°C, 750°C, 700°C, 650°C, 600°C, 550°C, 500°C, 450°C or 400°C. The melting temperature Tm of the metal plate may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above.

[0115] In the case where condition 1 is satisfied, T for the above Tm MP The ratio of Tm / T MP This can be adjusted. For example, the above Tm / T MPThe lower bounds are 1.50, 1.55, 1.60, 1.65, 1.70, 1.75, 1.80, 1.85, 1.90, 2.00, 2.05, 2.10, 2.15, 2.20, 2.25, 2.30, 2.35, 2.40, 2.45, 2.50, 2.55, 2.60, 2.65, 2.70, 2.75, 2.80, 2.85, 2.90, 2.95, 3.00, 3.05, 3.10, 3.15, 3.20, 3.25, 3.30, 3.35, 3.40, 3.45, It can be about 3.50, 3.55, 3.60 or 3.65, and its upper limit can be about 20.0, 19.5, 19.0, 18.5, 18.0, 17.5, 17.0, 16.5, 16.0, 15.5, 15.0, 14.5, 14.0, 13.5, 13.0, 12.5, 12.0, 11.5, 11.0, 10.5, 10.0, 9.5, 9.0, 8.5, 8.0, 7.5, 7.0, 6.5, 6.0, 5.5, 5.0, 4.5 or 4.0. The above ratio Tm / T MP It may be within a range that is greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above.

[0116] Maintaining the above conditions during the heating process effectively produces the desired composite material. While the reason is unclear, it is believed that adjusting the temperature to satisfy Condition 1 optimizes the melting state and / or fluidity of the plastic and / or metal plates, thereby producing a composite material with the desired sealing and bonding strength and no external deformation. Furthermore, the same effects can be achieved when producing the composite material on a large scale.

[0117] There are no limitations on the method for satisfying the above conditions during the heating process. For example, a method of applying heat from the top and / or bottom of the laminate may be used. As long as Condition 1 is satisfied, heat may be applied from either the top or bottom. However, to more effectively satisfy the above conditions, it is advantageous to apply the heat from the top and bottom of the laminate.

[0118] The heat can be applied using a known heater, such as a ceramic heater or a coil heater, for example. For example, when a plastic plate is positioned on the upper side and a metal plate is positioned on the lower side, the upper heater can be positioned to heat the plastic plate and the lower heater can be positioned to heat the metal plate, and the upper and lower heaters can be operated simultaneously. Also, for example, when a metal plate is positioned on the upper side and a plastic plate is positioned on the lower side, the upper heater can be positioned to heat the metal plate and the lower heater can be positioned to heat the plastic plate, and the upper and lower heaters can be operated simultaneously.

[0119] In the above manufacturing method, the pressurization may be performed separately after the heating as described above, or may be performed simultaneously with the heating.

[0120] There are no specific restrictions on the method of applying this pressure. For example, a method of applying pressure to the laminate using an appropriate mold or other means may be used. In this case, pressure may be applied only to areas of the laminate where the convex portion is not formed or to areas where the plastic plate and metal plate are in direct contact, for example, by adjusting the shape of the mold.

[0121] This pressurization may be performed simultaneously, for example, on the upper and lower portions of the laminate, or may be performed only on the upper or lower portions of the laminate.

[0122] There is no special limitation on the size of the pressure (P1) applied during the above pressurization. The pressure can be adjusted to an appropriate level depending on the purpose. For example, the lower limit of the pressure (P1) is 7000 gf / cm 2 , 7050 gf / cm 2 , 7100 gf / cm 2 , 7150 gf / cm 2 , 7200 gf / cm 2 , 7250 gf / cm 2 , 7300 gf / cm 2 , 7350 gf / cm 2 , 7400 gf / cm 2 , 7450 gf / cm 2 , 7500 gf / cm 2 , 7550 gf / cm 2 , 7600 gf / cm 2 , 7650 gf / cm 2 , 7700 gf / cm 2 , 7750 gf / cm 2 , 7800 gf / cm 2 , 7850 gf / cm 2 , 7900 gf / cm 2 , 7950 gf / cm 2 , 8000 gf / cm 2 , 8050 gf / cm 2 , 8100 gf / cm 2 , 8150 gf / cm 2 , 8200 gf / cm 2 , 8250 gf / cm 2 , 8300 gf / cm 2 , 8350 gf / cm 2 , 8400 gf / cm 2 , 8450 gf / cm 2 , 8500 gf / cm 2 , 8550 gf / cm 2 , 8600 gf / cm 2 , 8650 gf / cm 2 , 8700 gf / cm 2 , 8750 gf / cm 2, 8800 gf / cm 2 , 8850 gf / cm 2 , 8900 gf / cm 2 , 8950 gf / cm 2 , 9000 gf / cm 2 , 8950 gf / cm 2 , 9000 gf / cm 2 , 9050 gf / cm 2 , 9100 gf / cm 2 , 9150 gf / cm 2 or 9200 gf / cm 2 It can be of the order of 11000 gf / cm. 2 , 10950 gf / cm 2 , 10900 gf / cm 2 , 10850 gf / cm 2 , 10800 gf / cm 2 , 10750 gf / cm 2 , 10700 gf / cm 2 , 10650 gf / cm 2 , 10600 gf / cm 2 , 10550 gf / cm 2 , 10500 gf / cm 2 , 10450 gf / cm 2 , 10400 gf / cm 2 , 10350 gf / cm 2 , 10300 gf / cm 2 , 10250 gf / cm 2 , 10200 gf / cm 2 , 10150 gf / cm 2 , 10100 gf / cm 2 , 10050 gf / cm 2 , 10000 gf / cm 2 , 9950 gf / cm 2 , 9900 gf / cm 2 , 9850 gf / cm 2 , 9800 gf / cm 2 , 9750 gf / cm 2 , 9700 gf / cm 2 , 9650 gf / cm2 , 9600 gf / cm 2 , 9550 gf / cm 2 , 9500 gf / cm 2 , 9450 gf / cm 2 , 9400 gf / cm 2 , 9350 gf / cm 2 , 9300 gf / cm 2 , 9250 gf / cm 2 or 9200 gf / cm 2 It may be a degree. The pressure (P1) applied during the pressurization may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and at the same time less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above.

[0123] The time of the above pressurization is also determined according to the purpose and is not greatly limited. For example, the lower limit of the pressurization time may be about 10 seconds, 20 seconds, 30 seconds, 40 seconds, 41 seconds, 42 seconds, 43 seconds, 44 seconds, 45 seconds, 46 seconds, 47 seconds, 48 ​​seconds, 49 seconds or 50 seconds, and the upper limit may be about 3600 seconds, 3400 seconds, 3200 seconds, 3000 seconds, 2800 seconds, 2600 seconds, 2400 seconds, 2200 seconds, 2000 seconds, 1800 seconds, 1600 seconds, 1400 seconds, 1200 seconds, 1000 seconds, 800 seconds, 600 seconds, 400 seconds, 200 seconds, 100 seconds, 85 seconds, 80 seconds, 75 seconds, 70 seconds. It can be about 65 seconds, 60 seconds, 55 seconds, or 50 seconds. The pressurization time can be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and at the same time less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above. In addition, the pressurization time can be appropriately adjusted depending on the pressure applied during the pressurization, etc.

[0124] As described above, the heating and pressurization can be performed simultaneously or sequentially.

[0125] For example, the heating and pressurizing may be performed in a manner including a first step of heating the laminate of the plastic plate and the metal plate and a second step of pressurizing the laminate.

[0126] In the above case, the second step can be performed in a state that satisfies the condition 1. For example, the heating in the first step can be performed so as to satisfy the condition 1, and the second step can be started while maintaining this state.

[0127] The method for manufacturing the composite material disclosed herein may further include a step of cooling the laminate following the heating and pressurizing process.

[0128] Conditions in the cooling process can be adjusted to produce the desired composite material. For example, the cooling process can also be performed while applying a certain level of pressure to the laminate.

[0129] For example, the cooling process can be performed under pressurized conditions such that △P of Equation 6 below falls within a predetermined range. For example, the cooling process can be performed under a condition in which the pressure applied to the laminate following the heating and pressurizing process (or the second step) is adjusted such that △P of Equation 6 below falls within a predetermined range. In one example, the upper limit of the above △P is 400%, 398%, 396%, 394%, 392%, 390%, 388%, 386%, 384%, 382%, 370%, 378%, 376%, 374%, 372%, 370%, 368%, 366%, 364%, 362%, 360%, 358%, 356%, 354%, 352%, 350%, 348%, 346%, 344%, 342%, 340%, 338%, 336%, 334%, 332%, 330%, 328%, 326%, It can be 324%, 322%, 320%, 318%, 316%, 314%, 312%, 310%, 308%, 306%, 304%, 302% or 300%, and its lower limit is 200%, 202%, 204%, 206%, 208%, 210%, 212%, 214%, 216%, 218%, 220%, 222%, 224%, 226%, 228%, 230%, 232%, 234%, 236%, 238%, 240%, 242%, 244%, 246%, 248%, 250%, It can be 252%, 254%, 256%, 258%, 260%, 262%, 264%, 266%, 268%, 270%, 272%, 274%, 276%, 278%, 280%, 282%, 284%, 286%, 288%, 290%, 292%, 294%, 296%, 298% or 300%.The above △P may be within a range that is greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above; within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above.

[0130] [Formula 6]

[0131] △P = 100 × (P2- P3) / P3

[0132] In Equation 6, P2 is the pressure applied to the laminate during the pressurization process before cooling (e.g., the second step), and P3 is the pressure applied to the laminate during the cooling process. The P2 may be, for example, the same as the range of the pressure P1 applied during the pressurization described above.

[0133] The above cooling of the laminate may be natural cooling or forced cooling. Natural cooling is performed while maintaining the laminate under low temperature conditions (e.g., room temperature conditions), and forced cooling may be performed by contacting the laminate with an appropriate cooling medium (e.g., cooling water).

[0134] The desired composite material can be manufactured through the above process. The method for manufacturing the composite material may additionally include any steps necessary in addition to the above process. For example, the method may additionally include a step of desorption after the cooling process.

[0135] Composite materials manufactured in this manner possess excellent bonding strength and airtightness. Furthermore, these composite materials can be produced without any change in appearance during the manufacturing process.

[0136] The present specification also discloses a device comprising the composite material.

[0137] For example, the device may include the composite material and a cooling medium. The cooling medium may be present in a path of the composite material or may be prepared to be injected into the path.

[0138] A device such as the above may be a cooling device such as a heat sink or a thermal interface material (TIM).

[0139] The type of cooling medium mentioned above is not particularly limited, and for example, a coolant such as water or a gas such as air can be applied.

[0140] The device may also include a heating element and the composite material. The device may also include the heating element and the cooling device. In this case, the composite material and the heating element may be in thermal contact. As used herein, the term "thermal contact" refers to contact in which heat from the heating element can be transferred to the composite material, and does not necessarily mean that they are physically in contact with each other.

[0141] The type of heating element described above is not particularly limited. A heating element may be any type of component, element, or device that generates heat during operation or storage and requires heat control. Examples of such heating elements include, but are not limited to, battery cells, battery modules, or battery packs.

[0142] For example, the device may further comprise a cooling medium. The cooling medium may be present in the path of the composite material or may be prepared to be injected into the path.

[0143] The present specification discloses a composite material and its use. The composite material may be, for example, a composite material in which a metal plate and a plastic plate are bonded to each other, and an internal space exists at the bonding interface between the metal plate and the plastic plate. According to the contents disclosed in the present specification, when the composite material is used as a heat dissipation material (e.g., a heat sink) in which a fluid such as a cooling medium moves through the internal space, the internal space can be designed so that the fluid can perform stable and effective heat exchange with a heating element, etc. In addition, according to the contents disclosed in the present specification, a high degree of airtightness can be secured in the internal space so that the heat exchange performance can be maintained without loss over the long term.

[0144] According to the disclosure herein, the composite material can exhibit excellent heat exchange performance and durability due to airtightness even when manufactured on a large area or large scale. The present disclosure also discloses uses of the composite material.

[0145] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a cross-section of a side of the composite material.

[0146] Figure 2 is a drawing showing a pattern formed on the surface of the metal plate.

[0147] Figure 3 is a front schematic diagram of the composite material.

[0148] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the bonding process between a plastic plate and a metal plate.

[0149] Figures 5 and 6 are schematic diagrams showing the manufacturing process of a plastic plate having a concave portion.

[0150] Figure 7 is a drawing showing the results of evaluating the maximum allowable internal pressure of Example 1.

[0151] Figure 8 is a diagram showing the pressure drop of Example 1.

[0152] Figure 9 is a diagram showing the pressure drop of Example 2.

[0153] The present application is specifically described through the following examples, but the scope of the present application is not limited by the following examples.

[0154]

[0155] Manufacturing example 1.

[0156] A plastic plate (100) having a concave shape formed by a concave portion (1001) and a convex portion (1002) as shown in Fig. 4 was manufactured in the following manner. First, a rectangular plastic plate having a horizontal length of about 610 mm, a vertical length of about 308 mm, and a thickness of about 2 mm was prepared. The shape of the concave portion (1001) was adjusted so that a flow path having the shape shown in Fig. 3 was formed after joining with the metal plate. The total area of ​​the flow path formed according to Fig. 3 was about 146,180 mm. 2 The total area of ​​the external joint surface (600) is approximately 29,308 mm 2 The total area of ​​the internal joint surface (500) is approximately 7,050 mm 2 The concave portion (1001) was formed to be such that the degree of the internal joint surface (500) is 8 in total within the euro, and each internal joint surface (500) has the same area, and the area of ​​a single internal joint surface is approximately 881.26 mm 2 The gap between adjacent internal joint surfaces was formed to be approximately 78.38 mm (L2 in Fig. 3) or 114.45 mm (L1 in Fig. 3). In addition, the total area of ​​the plastic plate confirmed from the front after forming the concave portion was approximately 182538 mm 2 In addition, the above-mentioned concave portion (1001) was formed to have a depth of approximately 4 mm.

[0157] First, a fabric (a rectangular plastic plate with a horizontal length of about 610 mm, a vertical length of about 308 mm, and a thickness of about 2 mm) was manufactured. The fabric was manufactured to a thickness of about 2 mm by applying a material in which a resin component (mPPO (Modified PPO (Polyethylene oxide))) and a filler component (glass fiber) were mixed in a weight ratio of 8:2 (mPPO:filler component) to an extrusion process. The resin component, mPPO, has a glass transition temperature (T g ) was approximately 145℃, and the glass fiber had a cross-sectional diameter of approximately 12.5 μm and an aspect ratio of approximately 24.

[0158] The above glass transition temperature was measured using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC 8000, Perkin Elmer (USA)). The temperature range during the measurement was from 40°C to 350°C, and the glass transition temperature was measured while observing the heat flow change in the heating and cooling mode at a rate of 10°C / min. The sample used for the measurement was weighed to have a diameter of approximately 2 mm and a weight of approximately 10 mg.

[0159] Using the above fabric, the molded body (plastic plate (100)) of Fig. 4 was manufactured in the following manner. As shown in Fig. 5, the fabric (1000) was positioned on a first mold (2000) having a negative shape corresponding to the uneven shape of the molded body formed thereon. In addition, a second mold (3000) having a positive shape corresponding to the uneven shape formed thereon was positioned on the fabric (1000).

[0160] Next, the temperature of the surface of the fabric was maintained at approximately 195°C using a ceramic heater. The ceramic heater was located inside the temperature-raising equipment, and the fabric was heated to the desired temperature through temperature control by a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) system while the ceramic heater was positioned on top of the fabric. Whether the surface temperature of the fabric was controlled to the desired temperature was confirmed using a non-contact infrared thermometer.

[0161] Afterwards, while maintaining the above temperature, suction (L) was performed at the bottom of the first mold (2000) as shown in FIG. 5, and at the same time, the second mold (3000) was moved downward to apply pressure to the fabric in the form as shown in FIG. 6.

[0162] The above suction (L) was performed by opening the gauge of the equipment 100%. The vacuum flow based on the rate is approximately 1 atm, and the pressure applied to the fabric is approximately 690.2 gf / cm 2 (approved load is approximately 1500 kg). In addition, the pressing force of the second mold (3000) is approximately 548.7 gf / cm on the molded body formed through the suction. 2 (Approved load: approximately 1000 kg) pressure was applied.

[0163] The state of the first mold (2000) and the second mold (3000) as shown in Fig. 6 was maintained for about 10 seconds, and the temperature of the molded body (fabric) (1000) was reduced to about 40°C to perform a cooling process. After the cooling process, the first and second molds (2000, 3000) were separated, and the molded body, the plastic plate, was recovered.

[0164]

[0165] Example 1.

[0166] A composite material was manufactured by attaching the plastic plate and metal plate of Manufacturing Example 1. The attachment was performed so that the surface (1002) of the plastic plate (100) where the concave portion (1001) was not formed was in contact with the metal plate (200), as shown in Fig. 4.

[0167] The metal plate is a rectangular plate, with a width of approximately 610 mm, a height of approximately 308 mm, and a thickness of approximately 3 mm. The aluminum plate (melting temperature of approximately 660.3°C) was used. The melting temperature of the aluminum plate was measured under the same conditions and with the same equipment as those used to measure the glass transition temperature of the mPPO.

[0168] Before attachment, the surface of the metal plate (200) was first laser-treated to form a per pattern. The laser treatment was performed only on the area of ​​the surface of the metal plate (200) that comes into contact with the plastic plate (100).

[0169] The above surface treatment was performed using a laser irradiation device (50W Fiber marking machine, K2 Laser) having a fiber source. The laser was irradiated to the area requiring the surface treatment using the laser irradiation device. The laser irradiation was performed by cross-scanning (mesh form) the surface treatment surface at a scan rate of approximately 800 mm / sec to 900 mm / sec, and the number of scans for the same surface was 4. The laser output was approximately 50 W, and the laser energy was applied at a repetition rate of approximately 70 kHz.

[0170] By the surface treatment described above, a pattern (Per pattern) as shown in Fig. 2 was formed on the surface of the metal plate. Fig. 2 illustrates a shape confirmed when observing a cross-section (a surface observed when cutting along the normal direction of the surface of the aluminum plate) of the surface-treated aluminum plate. In the pattern as shown in Fig. 2, the width (Groove width in Fig. 2) was approximately 120 μm to 175 μm, the depth (Groove depth in Fig. 2) was approximately 90 μm to 160 μm, and the height (Burr height in Fig. 2) was approximately 15 μm to 55 μm.

[0171] Next, the plastic plate (100) and the metal plate (200) were laminated in the form shown in Fig. 4 to manufacture a laminate, and heating and pressurization were performed on the laminate.

[0172] The above heating and pressurization were performed using a device (BG-200 (Modified), Sungshin Hydraulic Machinery) that can form a sealed internal space, heat the internal space, pressurize the laminate in a heated state by controlling the pressure of the internal space, and also enable cooling. First, the laminate was placed in the sealed space of the device (BG-200 (Modified). At this time, the plastic plate (100) of the laminate was positioned on the upper side, and the metal plate (200) was positioned on the lower side.

[0173] In the above state, the laminate was heated (heating process). The heating was performed by simultaneously operating the upper heater located on the plastic plate (100) side of the laminate and the lower heater located on the metal plate (200) side. By the heating, the temperature (Tpp) of the plastic plate (100) became approximately 90°C, and the interface temperature (T) of the plastic plate (100) and the metal plate (200) became approximately 90°C. MP) was heated until it reached approximately 180°C. The temperature of the plastic plate was measured by cross-checking using a TC (Terminal couple) built into the device (BG-200 (Modified)) and a non-contact infrared thermometer, and the temperature at the interface between the plastic plate (100) and the metal plate (200) was confirmed by placing a thermometer (portable temperature loader (Termal couple)) directly at the interface.

[0174] When the temperature of the upper heater was set to 90°C and the temperature of the lower heater was set to 180°C, the temperature of the plastic plate and the interface temperature were confirmed after approximately 1400 seconds from the start of operation.

[0175] When the temperature of the plastic plate and the interface temperature reached the above temperature, the pressure in the sealed internal space of the equipment was adjusted to pressurize the laminate (pressurization process). Pressurization was performed by applying a load by pressing the plastic plate using a mold. At this time, the pressurization was approximately 9,200 gf / cm 2 (Applied load: approximately 20 tons) was applied to the laminate. During the pressurization, only the joint portion of the laminate (the surface-treated portion of the plastic plate and the metal part) was applied.

[0176] The above pressurization was performed while maintaining the temperature of the plastic plate and the interface temperature achieved by heating before pressurization, and was performed for approximately 50 seconds.

[0177] After the above pressurization, a cooling process was performed (cooling process).

[0178] The above cooling process was performed by flowing cooling water around the enclosed space. Cooling was performed at a pressure of approximately 2300 gf / cm applied to the laminate. 2(approved load of approximately 5 tons) and was performed until the temperature of the laminate (temperature of the plastic plate and interface temperature of the plastic plate and the metal plate) became approximately 60℃ or lower.

[0179] After the above cooling process, the laminate was detached and the composite material was recovered.

[0180]

[0181] Example 2.

[0182] A composite material was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the interface temperature (TMP) of the plastic plate (100) and the metal plate (200) was set to approximately 160°C during the heating process and this interface temperature was maintained during the pressurizing process.

[0183]

[0184] Example 3.

[0185] A composite material was manufactured in the same manner as Example 1, except that the upper heater was not operated during the heating process, only the lower heater was operated, the applied pressure and pressurization time of the pressurization process were changed, and the applied pressure of the cooling process was changed.

[0186] The operation of the above lower heater is determined by the interface temperature (T) of the plastic plate (100) and the metal plate (200). MP ) was performed until the temperature reached approximately 180°C. In this case, the temperature of the plastic plate (100) was maintained at approximately 50°C. This temperature was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0187] The pressurization process is performed at approximately 18,400 gf / cm on the laminate while maintaining the above interface temperature. 2 The load was applied with a pressure of approximately 40 tons and was performed for 90 seconds. The cooling process after the pressurization process was performed in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0188]

[0189] Example 4.

[0190] In the pressurization process, about 11500 gf / cm by pressurization 2 A composite material was manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that a load was applied to the laminate at a pressure of approximately 25 tons.

[0191]

[0192] Test Example 1. Evaluation of bonding strength and appearance deformation

[0193] The bonding strength was evaluated in the following manner. First, a plastic plate (thickness: approximately 2 mm) and a metal plate (thickness: approximately 3 mm) identical to those used in the examples were prepared.

[0194] Next, laser treatment was performed on the surface of the metal plate in the same manner as in Example 1. Thereafter, the laser-treated surfaces of the plastic plate and the metal plate were laminated, and heating, pressurizing, and cooling processes were performed under the same conditions as in each example or comparative example to manufacture a specimen. In the above, the plastic plate and the metal plate were laminated in such a way that the plastic plate (100) and the metal plate (200) are laminated in an alternating manner.

[0195] The bonding strength of the specimens manufactured as described above was evaluated. Since these specimens were manufactured using the same materials and under the same conditions as those of each example, the bonding strength of the specimens can be matched to those of each example or comparative example.

[0196] The bonding strength was measured at room temperature (approximately 25°C) using a UTM (Universal Testing Machine, Zwick / roell Z030) device. The metal plate (200) of the specimen as shown in the drawing was fixed, and the protruding portion of the plastic plate (100) (the portion indicated by C in the drawing) was fixed to the device, and then the bonding strength was evaluated by peeling the plastic plate (100) from the metal plate (200). The peeling was performed at a peeling angle of approximately 180 degrees (parallel between the metal and plastic material portions) and a peeling speed of approximately 50 mm / min.

[0197] Separately from the above, the appearance of the composite material was evaluated. The appearance was evaluated directly on the composite material manufactured in the examples. Specifically, the metal plate surface of the composite material was placed on the floor and observed from the side. The composite material was examined to determine whether any portion of the composite material had fallen from the floor due to bending, and if so, the distance of the fall was measured. This was evaluated according to the following criteria.

[0198] <Evaluation Criteria>

[0199] O: When the composite material does not fall off the floor and the metal plate surface of the composite material is in contact with the floor.

[0200] △: When there is a part of the metal plate surface of the composite material that is separated from the floor.

[0201]

[0202] The evaluation results according to the above description are shown in Table 1 below.

[0203] Example 1234 Joint strength (MPa) 39.7 38.4 38.3 37.7 Appearance ○○△△

[0204] Test Example 2. Confidentiality Evaluation

[0205] The airtightness of the composite material was evaluated. The airtightness evaluation was conducted on Examples 1 and 2, which showed appropriate results in terms of bonding strength and appearance.

[0206] The confidentiality assessment is an evaluation that applies a certain pressure to the internal space formed by the bonding of the convex portion (1001) of the plastic plate (100) and the metal plate (200) in a composite material, and observes the tendency for the pressure to be maintained or decreased. In this evaluation, the better the tendency for the pressure in the internal space to be maintained, the stronger the bonding between the plastic plate and the metal plate is.

[0207] The composite material manufactured in the example has an internal space formed by the joining of the plastic plate (100) and the metal plate (200), and this internal space is sealed by the joining portion of the plastic plate (100) and the metal plate (200). However, the internal space has two passages (inlet and outlet in Fig. 3) communicating with the outside, and one of the two passages is sealed by attaching a jig equipped with a rubber ring gasket. In addition, another passage is also sealed by attaching a jig equipped with a rubber ring gasket, and air is injected into the passage. The airtightness was evaluated in the following order.

[0208] Step 1: Inject air until the pressure in the internal space of the composite material reaches the target pressure.

[0209] Step 2: Stabilize by injecting air so that the target pressure is maintained and stabilized for 20 seconds from the time when air injection begins.

[0210] Step 3: After Step 2, stop the air injection and check the pressure drop.

[0211]

[0212] The confidentiality assessment was confirmed by a method (Pressure Decay Test Method) that specifies the pressure change due to leakage in the sealed internal space of the composite material through the process of steps 1 to 3 as described above.

[0213] Fig. 7 shows the results of the evaluation conducted for Example 1. Fig. 7 shows that the tightness evaluation was conducted while the target pressure was gradually increased to 0.5 bar, 1 bar, 1.5 bar, 2 bar, 2.5 bar, and 3.0 bar. That is, the evaluation was conducted by first performing steps 1 to 3 with the target pressure set to 0.5 bar, and then sequentially performing steps 1 to 3 with the target pressure set to 1 bar.

[0214] From the drawing, it can be confirmed that the pressure in the internal space is stably maintained for about 80 seconds up to the target pressure of 2.5 bar. When the airtightness evaluation was conducted with the target pressure as 3.0 bar, a breakage of the plastic material occurred when the internal pressure reached 2.8 bar, resulting in a rapid decrease in pressure and the internal pressure could not be maintained. From these results, it can be confirmed that in the case of Example 1, the maximum allowable internal pressure is at least 2.5 bar or more and less than 2.8 bar. In the evaluation of Example 2, it was also confirmed that the maximum allowable internal pressure was at least 2.5 bar or more and less than 2.8 bar.

[0215] If the target pressure (bar) was confirmed to be maintained, the degree of pressure drop was checked to determine the level of pressure reduction to more specifically determine whether the pressure decreased. To more clearly determine whether the pressure decreased, the pressure unit was converted to Pa, and the pressure drop level per hour was confirmed in Pa / sec.

[0216] Fig. 8 is the result confirmed in the same manner as above. Since the result of Fig. 8 is the trend in step 3, 0 seconds on the x-axis of Fig. 8 is 20 seconds on the x-axis of Fig. 7. The y-axis of Fig. 8 is the pressure drop rate per unit time (unit: Pa / sec) at the corresponding point on the x-axis.

[0217] The same confidentiality evaluation was performed for Example 2. Figure 9 shows the results of specifically confirming the decrease in internal pressure for Example 2, as in Example 1.

[0218] The results of the above confidentiality assessment are summarized and described in Table 2 below.

[0219] Example 12 Maximum allowable internal pressure (bar) 2.5 2.5 Pressure drop rate (Pa / sec) 5.75 7.26 60 seconds Pressure drop (bar) 0.003 4 0.004 3 Pressure drop level 0.13 7 0.172

[0220] The maximum allowable internal pressure in Table 2 is the maximum pressure that can maintain the target pressure for approximately 60 seconds from the time air injection is stopped when the above tightness evaluation is performed while gradually increasing the target pressure in steps of 0.5 bar, 1 bar, 1.5 bar, 2 bar, 2.5 bar, and 3.0 bar. Here, maintaining the target pressure means that the pressure measured in bar is maintained substantially constant.

[0221] In the case of Examples 1 and 2, when the target pressure was set to 2.5 bar as described above, the pressure (bar) was maintained for approximately 60 seconds, but when set to 3.0 bar, a fracture occurred when it exceeded 2.8 bar, so the maximum allowable pressure was set to 2.5 bar.

[0222] Meanwhile, the pressure drop rate describes the rate and level of pressure decrease from the point at which air injection was stopped (approximately 20 seconds after air injection). This rate was measured by injecting air according to the maximum allowable internal pressure for each composite material and then stopping the air injection approximately 20 seconds after the air injection, and was evaluated through the pressure decrease until the point at which the pressure decrease no longer occurred.

[0223] In Table 2, the 60-second pressure drop (P 60 ) is the maximum allowable internal pressure (P MAX ) and the difference (P) in internal pressure (P) at the point in time when 60 seconds have passed after the air stop (i.e., approximately 80 seconds have passed since the air injection started) in the process of evaluating the above-mentioned descent speed MAX -P 60 ) and its unit is bar.

[0224] In Table 2, the pressure reduction level is the maximum allowable internal pressure P MAX and the above 60-second pressure drop P 60 100×P 60 / PMAX This is the result calculated by substituting it into the formula.

[0225] Meanwhile, FIG. 7 is a drawing showing the results of evaluating the maximum allowable internal pressure of Example 1, FIG. 8 is a drawing showing the pressure drop of Example 1, and FIG. 9 is a drawing showing the pressure drop of Example 2.

Claims

1. A composite material in which the first surface of a metal plate having a first surface and the second surface of a plastic plate having a second surface are bonded to each other, A concave portion is formed on the second surface of the above plastic plate, The second surface of the plastic plate, on which the concave portion is not formed, is joined to the first surface of the metal plate as a bonding surface, A space is formed by the concave portion at the joint interface between the plastic plate and the metal plate, The above space forms a path through which fluid can move at the above joint interface, The above bonding surface is a composite material including an external bonding surface existing outside the passage and a plurality of internal bonding surfaces existing inside the passage.

2. In the first paragraph, the euro is a composite material formed so that the fluid injected into the joint interface is discharged after moving over an area of ​​60% or more of the total area of ​​the metal plate.

3. In the first paragraph, the internal joint surface is a composite material formed so that the fluid can be recombined after being divided by the internal joint surface during the movement of the fluid.

4. In paragraph 3, the density of the internal joint surface relative to the total area of ​​the euro is 10 / m 2 500 pieces / m 2 Composite materials within the scope of .

5. In the third paragraph, a composite material in which R1 of the following formula 1 is within a range of 2 to 90 and R2 of the following formula 2 is within a range of 95 to 500: [Formula 1] R1 = A1 / A2 [Formula 2] R2 = A1 / A3 In equations 1 and 2, A1 is the total area of ​​the euro, A2 is the sum of the total areas of the internal joint surfaces, and A3 is the area of ​​a single internal joint surface.

6. In the third paragraph, a composite material in which R3 of the following formula 3 is in the range of 1 to 50: [Formula 3] R3 = L 2 / A3 In Equation 3, L is the spacing between the internal joint surfaces, and A3 is the area of ​​a single internal joint surface.

7. In paragraph 1, the total area of ​​the external and internal joint surfaces (A) A ) Total area of ​​composite material (A) T ) ratio (A T / A A Composite materials within the range of 1.5 to 50.

8. A composite material according to claim 1, wherein the maximum allowable internal pressure of the euro is in the range of 1.5 bar to 5 bar.

9. A composite material in which the pressure drop rate of the euro is within the range of 1 to 20 Pa / sec in the first paragraph.

10. In paragraph 1, the 60-second pressure drop of the euro is 10×10 -4 200×10 -4 Composite materials within the range of bar.

11. In paragraph 1, L of the following formula 5 P Composite materials with less than 0.5%: [Formula 5] L P = 100×P 60 / P MAX P in Equation 5 MAX is the maximum allowable internal pressure, and P 60 is the pressure drop per 60 seconds.

12. A composite material according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 11; and A cooling device comprising a cooling medium present in the path of the composite material or prepared to be injected into the path.

13. Heating element; and A device comprising a composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 11 in thermal contact with the heating element.

14. A device according to claim 13, wherein the heating element is a battery cell, a battery module or a battery pack.

15. A device according to claim 13, further comprising a cooling medium present in the composite material path or prepared to be injected into the path.

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