Methods of lithium salt extraction from salt lake or mine tailings
The method addresses inefficiencies in lithium salt extraction by using a MgCl2 leaching solution and recycling water to efficiently extract lithium from salt lakes and mine tailings, achieving high recovery rates and reducing environmental impact and costs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/128500
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-10-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-08
AI Technical Summary
Existing lithium salt extraction methods from salt lakes and mine tailings face challenges such as high freshwater consumption, environmental concerns, and inefficiencies in lithium recovery, particularly due to the need for large-scale evaporation and the handling of tailings solutions.
A method involving leaching raw salts from salt lakes or mine tailings using a MgCl2 solution or recycled water, followed by extraction, washing, and stripping to produce a lithium-rich product, with the magnesium concentration recycled and water reused to minimize environmental impact and reduce costs.
This method achieves efficient lithium extraction with a high recovery rate, reduces water and reagent consumption, minimizes environmental pollution by recycling solutions, and lowers operational costs compared to traditional methods.
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Figure CN2023128500_08052025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS OF LITHIUM SALT EXTRACTION FROM SALT LAKE OR MINE TAILINGSFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates generally to lithium salt extraction technology, and more particularly to a lithium salt extraction technology extracting lithium salt from salt lake or mine tailings.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The background description provided herein is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the invention. The subject matter discussed in the background of the invention section should not be assumed to be prior art merely as a result of its mention in the background of the invention section. Similarly, a problem mentioned in the background of the invention section or associated with the subject matter of the background of the invention section should not be assumed to have been previously recognized in the prior art. The subject matter in the background of the invention section merely represents different approaches, which in and of themselves may also be inventions.
[0003] Lithium resources from salt lake account for nearly 60%of the world's proven lithium resources. Given that individual salt lake projects typically have a large resource volume, which can support a higher annual production scale, and they have lower production costs and less environmental pressure from tailings, they are expected to become the cornerstone of global lithium resource supply.
[0004] Currently, there are several widely used methods for extracting lithium salt: Salt field precipitation method, adsorption method, solvent extraction method, etc.
[0005] Salt field precipitation method: a traditional and classic technique that best aligns with natural laws, suitable for high-quality salt lakes with a low magnesium-to-lithium ratio under ideal climates. The salt field precipitation method is the earliest studied, most mature, and widely adopted classic lithium extraction technique from salt lakes. Essentially, the precipitation method takes full advantage of the abundant solar energy (high evaporation rate) in the salt lake mining areas for progressive impurity removal and enrichment -separation and concentration. It scientifically follows the natural precipitation sequence of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and lithium. Therefore, the salt field precipitation method can achieve low-cost lithium carbonate production. At the same time, it consumes less fresh water, has relatively lower overall energy consumption, and is low-carbon and environmentally friendly. However, the salt lake precipitation method requires that the initial brine has an ideal endowment with a low magnesium-to-lithium ratio (a necessary condition) and a relatively high lithium concentration. The climatic conditions in the mining area should be extremely dry, with rare occurrences of rain or snow. There should also be the capacity to build large-scale salt fields; otherwise, it's challenging to evaporate and concentrate to achieve the desired concentration of mature brine. If the quality of the mature brine is unstable, it will affect the efficiency, quality, and cost of downstream lithium carbonate production.
[0006] Adsorption method shows significant potential, with rapidly increasing industrialized cases, but is hindered by high freshwater consumption and the need for lithium consumption in adsorbent preparation. The principle of the adsorption method is to achieve separation, purification, concentration, and enrichment of materials through ion exchange and adsorption of the exchanged substance. Thus, it can be applied to various solid-liquid separation processes with a wide range of potential applications. The adsorption method is especially suitable for salt lakes where the lithium-ion concentration in the brine is low. Given the booming demand, global development of suboptimal salt lake resources are on the agenda, so adsorption has significant potential for widespread adoption. The biggest constraint of adsorption is the large amount of freshwater consumed during the desorption process. The barriers in salt lake lithium adsorption for adsorption resins and lithium adsorbents are relatively high. The adsorbents that have been commercialized and are applicable to the widest range of brine types (chloride type, magnesium sulfate subtype, etc. ) are mainly aluminum molecular sieve adsorbents. The next generation of manganese ion sieve adsorbents and titanium ion sieve adsorbents have not yet been commercialized in salt lake brines.
[0007] Solvent extraction method is an efficient, short-process, low-cost lithium extraction technology with environmental controversies. In principle, the extraction method uses organic solvent extractants with high selectivity for lithium, extracting lithium from mature brine into the organic phase. Lithium is then washed out. Therefore, for existing technologies, developing appropriate extractants (efficient, environmentally friendly, safe, and reasonably priced) and extraction devices (such as box-type extraction tanks) is one of keys to the process. The main lithium extraction systems currently include neutral phosphate and amide extraction systems (for lithium-magnesium separation) , diketone-neutral phosphorus oxide co-extraction system (for lithium-alkali metal separation) , crown ether extraction system (for lithium isotope separation, lithium-alkali metal separation) , and ionic liquid extraction system (solvents, co-extractants, shared extractants, etc. ) . Extractants are often not used alone but are combined with co-extractants and solvents to form a mixed extraction system. To date, neutral phosphorus extractants are the most researched and more suitable reagents for high magnesium-lithium ratio salt lakes. Among them, the extraction effect of the tributyl phosphate (TBP) system is more recognized, making it the main extractant currently in use. However, it has issues like high water solubility, easy degradation under strong acid-base conditions, and a short continuous operating lifespan.
[0008] Generally, soluble lithium chloride salts (e.g., salts after salt field evaporation) or lithium-containing chloride tailings have a high value for lithium extraction. However, due to their generally low content and large amount of impurities, the extraction is challenging. Using water for leaching and existing separation technologies would result in high water consumption, high energy consumption, and difficulties in handling the tailings solution. The solution discharged from the extraction system is extremely environmental unfriendly.
[0009] Therefore, a heretofore unaddressed need exists in the art to address the aforementioned deficiencies and inadequacies.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] In one aspect, this invention relates to a method for extracting a lithium-rich product from a salt lake or mine tailings. The method comprises obtaining a raw salt; leaching the raw salt using a leaching solution to obtain a lithium-rich brine solution and a low-lithium waste salt; extracting the lithium-rich brine solution using an extraction agent solution to obtain an extracted solution; washing the extracted solution to obtain a washed solution; and striping the washed solution to obtain the lithium-rich product; wherein the lithium-rich product comprises at least one of a lithium-rich solution and a lithium-rich solid salt.
[0011] In one embodiment, the raw salt is obtained from a raw brine extracted from a salt lake.
[0012] In one embodiment, the raw salt is obtained from a mine tailing.
[0013] In one embodiment, the raw salt is produced by evaporating the raw brine.
[0014] In one embodiment, the raw salt is in a liquid form, a solid form, or a liquid-solid mixture form.
[0015] In one embodiment, the leaching solution comprises water.
[0016] In one embodiment, a raffinate produced by the step of extracting is recycled and added to the leaching solution.
[0017] In one embodiment, a washing effluent produced by the step of washing is recycled and added to the leaching solution.
[0018] In one embodiment, the extraction agent solution is collected in the step of stripping and recycled for being used in the step of extracting.
[0019] In one embodiment, the leaching solution comprises a leaching salt having a solubility lower than the lithium salt solubility.
[0020] In another aspect of the invention, a method for leaching a solid lithium-rich product from a mine tailing comprises dissolving the mine tailing in a leaching solution to produce a lithium brine solution; filtering the lithium brine solution to produce a filtered lithium brine solution; extracting the filtered lithium brine solution using an extraction agent solution to produce a lithium chloride solution; and precipitating the lithium chloride solution to produce a solid lithium-rich product and a mother liquor.
[0021] In one embodiment, the mine tailing comprises borax.
[0022] In one embodiment, the leaching solution comprises a leaching salt having a solubility lower than the lithium salt solubility.
[0023] In one embodiment, the leaching solution comprises water.
[0024] In one embodiment, the step of extracting further comprises washing an extracted lithium solution produced by extracting the filtered lithium brine solution to produce a washed lithium solution using a washing agent solution; and stripping the washed lithium solution using a stripping agent solution to produce the lithium chloride solution.
[0025] In one embodiment, the washing agent solution is collected after the step of washing and added to the leaching solution; wherein the stripping agent solution is collected after the step of stripping and added to the leaching solution.
[0026] In one embodiment, a lithium extraction rate of the step of extracting is greater than 80%.
[0027] In one embodiment, the step of precipitating the lithium chloride solution comprises adding sodium carbonate to the lithium chloride solution.
[0028] In one embodiment, the mother liquor is collected after the step of precipitating and added to the filtered lithium brine solution.
[0029] In one embodiment, the leaching salt comprises at least one of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, barium chloride, aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, and copper chloride.
[0030] These and other aspects of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiment taken in conjunction with the following drawings, although variations and modifications therein may be affected without departing from the spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0031] The accompanying drawings illustrate one or more embodiments of the invention and together with the written description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements of an embodiment.
[0032] Fig. 1 illustrates a process for lithium salt extraction from salt lakes / mine tailings according to one embodiment of the present invention.
[0033] Fig. 2A illustrates a process for obtaining / refining raw salts from raw brine according to one embodiment of the invention.
[0034] Fig. 2B illustrates a process for obtaining / refining raw salts from raw brine according to another embodiment of the invention.
[0035] Fig. 3 illustrates a process for obtaining / refining raw salts from raw brine and a process for leaching according to one embodiment of the invention.
[0036] Fig. 4 illustrate a process for recycling solutions consumed in the lithium salt extraction system according to another embodiment of the present invention.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0037] The invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this invention will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
[0038] The terms used in this specification generally have their ordinary meanings in the art, within the context of the invention, and in the specific context where each term is used. Certain terms that are used to describe the invention are discussed below, or elsewhere in the specification, to provide additional guidance to the practitioner regarding the description of the invention. For convenience, certain terms may be highlighted, for example using italics and / or quotation marks. The use of highlighting has no influence on the scope and meaning of a term; the scope and meaning of a term is the same, in the same context, whether or not it is highlighted. It will be appreciated that same thing can be said in more than one way. Consequently, alternative language and synonyms may be used for any one or more of the terms discussed herein, nor is any special significance to be placed upon whether or not a term is elaborated or discussed herein. Synonyms for certain terms are provided. A recital of one or more synonyms does not exclude the use of other synonyms. The use of examples anywhere in this specification including examples of any terms discussed herein is illustrative only, and in no way limits the scope and meaning of the invention or of any exemplified term. Likewise, the invention is not limited to various embodiments given in this specification.
[0039] One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that starting materials, biological materials, reagents, synthetic methods, purification methods, analytical methods, assay methods, and biological methods other than those specifically exemplified can be employed in the practice of the invention without resort to undue experimentation. All art-known functional equivalents, of any such materials and methods are intended to be included in this invention. The terms and expressions which have been employed are used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention that in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding any equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, but it is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention claimed. Thus, it should be understood that although the invention has been specifically disclosed by preferred embodiments and optional features, modification and variation of the concepts herein disclosed may be resorted to by those skilled in the art, and that such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of this invention as defined by the appended claims.
[0040] Whenever a range is given in the specification, for example, a temperature range, a time range, or a composition or concentration range, all intermediate ranges and subranges, as well as all individual values included in the ranges given are intended to be included in the invention. It will be understood that any subranges or individual values in a range or subrange that are included in the description herein can be excluded from the claims herein.
[0041] It will be understood that, as used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “a” , “an” , and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a cell” includes a plurality of such cells and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art. As well, the terms “a” (or “an” ) , “one or more” and “at least one” can be used interchangeably herein. It is also to be noted that the terms “comprising” , “including” , and “having” can be used interchangeably.
[0042] It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” , “attached” to, “connected” to, “coupled” with, “contacting” , etc., another element, it can be directly on, attached to, connected to, coupled with or contacting the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being, for example, “directly on” , “directly attached” to, “directly connected” to, “directly coupled” with or “directly contacting” another element, there are no intervening elements present. It will also be appreciated by those of skill in the art that references to a structure or feature that is disposed “adjacent” another feature may have portions that overlap or underlie the adjacent feature.
[0043] It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the invention.
[0044] Furthermore, relative terms, such as “lower” or “bottom” and “upper” or “top, ” may be used herein to describe one element’s relationship to another element as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in one of the figures is turned over, elements described as being on the “lower” side of other elements would then be oriented on “upper” sides of the other elements. The exemplary term “lower” , can therefore, encompasses both an orientation of “lower” and “upper, ” depending of the particular orientation of the figure. Similarly, if the device in one of the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements would then be oriented “above” the other elements. The exemplary terms “below” or “beneath” can, therefore, encompass both an orientation of above and below.
[0045] It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and / or “comprising” , or “includes” and / or “including” , or “has” and / or “having” , or “carry” and / or “carrying” , or “contain” and / or “containing” , or “involve” and / or “involving” , “characterized by” , and the like are to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limited to. When used in this disclosure, they specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.
[0046] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the invention, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
[0047] As used in the disclosure, “around” , “about” , “approximately” or “substantially” shall generally mean within 20 percent, preferably within 10 percent, and more preferably within 5 percent of a given value or range. Numerical quantities given herein are approximate, meaning that the term “around” , “about” , “approximately” or “substantially” can be inferred if not expressly stated.
[0048] As used in the disclosure, the phrase “at least one of A, B, and C” should be construed to mean a logical (A or B or C) , using a non-exclusive logical OR. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0049] The description below is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. The broad teachings of the invention can be implemented in a variety of forms. Therefore, while this invention includes particular examples, the true scope of the invention should not be so limited since other modifications will become apparent upon a study of the drawings, the specification, and the following claims. For purposes of clarity, the same reference numbers will be used in the drawings to identify similar elements. It should be understood that one or more steps within a method may be executed in different order (or concurrently) without altering the principles of the invention.
[0050] In accordance with the purposes of this invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, this invention, in certain aspects, relates to method for lithium salt extraction from salt lake and tailings in mining. Embodiments of the invention are now described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in Figs. 1-4.
[0051] To address the above-mentioned issues, the present invention provides a method for extracting lithium from soluble solid salts. In one embodiment, this method uses a nearly saturated MgCl2 solution as a leaching agent. In another embodiment, this method uses water or recycled solution from the lithium extraction system as the leaching agent. The lithium-containing solution obtained after leaching uses extraction technology to selectively extract lithium. After extraction, washing, and stripping (back-extraction) , a concentrated lithium-containing solution is obtained. After evaporation crystallization or precipitation, lithium products are obtained. The magnesium concentration in the raffinate remains basically unchanged and is recycled for lithium leaching from the soluble salt. This invention utilizes the solubility of LiCl (83.5 g at 20℃) being greater than MgCl2 (54.6 g at 20℃) and efficiently leaches LiCl using a high-concentration MgCl2 solution. It also uses highly efficient selective solvent extraction technology to selectively extract lithium. MgCl2 only serves as an auxiliary agent for lithium leaching and extraction and is recycled after use. At the same time, the water in the solution is also recycled. This method consumes fewer reagents, recycles water, discharges waste liquid, is energy-saving, environmentally friendly, and has low operating costs.
[0052] Leaching and extraction of lithium salt from raw brine
[0053] Fig. 1 shows a process for extracting lithium salt from salt lakes or mine tailings.
[0054] As shown in Fig. 1, in step (1) , in one embodiment, a raw brine solution is obtained from a salt lake. In another embodiment, the raw brine is obtained from borax tailings. In yet another embodiment, the raw brine is obtained from oil extraction tailings. In yet another embodiment, the raw brine is obtained from brominated hydrocarbon tailings.
[0055] Once the raw brine solution is ready, raw salts, including lithium salt, are obtained from the raw brine solution. During the step (2) , several methods may be adopted for obtaining the raw salts from the raw brine. As shown in Fig. 2A, one method is evaporation using an evaporation pool. In particular, the raw brine solution is placed in an evaporation pool and being evaporated for 1-12 months. Thereafter, a solid-liquid mixture is obtained after evaporation; or a refined brine separated from the solid-liquid mixture after evaporation is obtained. In another embodiment, the raw brine solution is processed using an atomizing evaporation device, and a solid salt with a lithium content greater than 200 ppm is obtained therefrom. In yet another embodiment, the raw salts are obtained via other commonly known methods and / or devices including but not limited to forced circulation evaporator, natural circulation evaporator, plate evaporator, falling film evaporator, and etc. In one embodiment, the key to facilitate the evaporation and reduce the evaporation time is to enlarge the surface area for the liquid exposing to the air.
[0056] The aforementioned method for obtaining the raw salts from the raw brine reduces the evaporation time from 18 months to about 3-6 months. In the present invention, the raw salts obtained can be in three different forms: (1) a solid-liquid mixture obtained after evaporation; (2) a refined brine separated from the solid-liquid mixture after evaporation; and (3) solid salts.
[0057] Fig. 2B shows an alternative embodiment of the method for obtaining raw salt. In particular, the raw brine is firstly evaporated in an evaporation pool for 1-12 months before the liquid is separated from the solid salts. The liquid then undergoes a second evaporation period of 1-12 months, and the evaporated solution is separated from the solid salts therefrom.
[0058] In yet an alternative embodiment, more than two evaporation periods may be used for obtaining the raw salts from the raw brine, and each may last between 1-12 months.
[0059] In yet an alternative embodiment, the raw brine is obtained by evaporating the solutions retrieved from the salt lake for one or more rounds of 1-12 month evaporation, such that the raw brine contains more than 80%magnesium chloride or calcium chloride.
[0060] Once the raw salts are obtained in the step (2) , the raw salted are leached to produce a leached lithium-rich brine solution in a leaching pool in the step (3) . In one embodiment, water is added to the raw salts for leaching the lithium salts therefrom. In another embodiment, a solution containing brine is added to the raw salts. In yet another embodiment, a solution which is recycled from the current lithium salts leaching / extraction system is added to the raw salts. Then, in one embodiment, the lithium-rich brine solution is separated from a low-lithium solid salt. During this step (3) , in one embodiment, in the leaching pool, recycled brine or water is added to leach the raw salts, either in solid form or liquid form, to produce the leached lithium-rich brine solution. During this step, because the lithium salts have a greater solubility than other salts such as sodium salts or magnesium salts, when the water or recycled solution flows over the raw salts, the lithium salts would enter the leaching solution and the sodium salts or magnesium salts would precipitate therefrom. Thus, in one embodiment, the water or recycled solution is sprayed to the raw salts from the top, flowing downwardly through the raw salts, and dissolving the lithium salts into the solution to form the lithium-rich brine solution, which is then collected at the bottom of the raw salts. In another embodiment, when the raw salts are in form of the brine solution or a solid-liquid mixture, the water or recycled solution is mixed with the brine solution or the solid-liquid mixture for a certain period of time and the lithium-rich solution is collected from the mixture thereafter. In yet another embodiment, the water or recycled solution is applied to the raw salts in other methods which are appropriate for leaching the lithium salts. Thus, the goal is not to dissolve all the raw salts, but to repeatedly rinse the raw salts with the water or recycled solution to wash out the lithium ion from the raw salts. In one embodiment, the leaching agent may contain one or more of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, barium chloride, aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, copper chloride, sodium sulfate, etc.
[0061] In step (4) , the lithium-rich brine solution undergoes an extraction process in which an extraction agent is added to the lithium-rich brine solution for extracting the lithium. In one embodiment, the extraction agent may include 20%TBP (tributyl phosphate) and 80%DIBK (dihexylbutyl ketone) . In other embodiment, the extraction agent may include other commonly used organic chemical agents.
[0062] In one embodiment, a raffinate from the extraction is collected and being recycled and added back to the leaching pool in the step (3) for being leached again.
[0063] In step (5) , the extraction agent containing the lithium salt is washed using a washing agent. In this step, a washed solution containing the lithium salt and a washing effluent are produced. In one embodiment, the washing effluent is then recycled and added back to the leaching step in the step (3) undergoing the leaching process again, so as to increase the lithium extraction rate. In one embodiment, the washing agent may include 0.5 -2.0 mol / L inorganic acid. In other embodiments, the washing agent is commonly known in the art.
[0064] In step (6) , the washed solution containing the lithium salt undergoes a stripping (back-extraction) process using a stripping agent. In one embodiment, the stripping agent may include 6.0 -9.0 mol / L hydrochloric acid. In other embodiments, the stripping agent is commonly known in the art.
[0065] In one embodiment, the extraction / stripping agent is collected and / or recycled from the step (6) stripping process, and being added back to the step (4) for being used in the extraction process again.
[0066] In step (7) , a refined lithium-rich solution or lithium-rich salt is obtained.
[0067] Fig. 3 describes a combined process of evaporation and leaching, in which the raw brine solution is placed in an evaporation pool and being evaporated for 3-6 months. In one embodiment, a solid waste salt is separated from an evaporated / refined brine solution during this evaporation process. In another embodiment, no solid waste is produced, and the evaporated brine solution comprises a mixture of solid and liquid. The evaporated brine solution then undergoes a leaching process in a leaching pool for another 3-6 months, in which a salt slurry with a lithium content greater than 200 ppm is formed. By the end of the leaching process, a lithium-rich solution is collected from the leaching process.
[0068] In one embodiment, the salt slurry has a lithium content greater than 300 ppm. In one embodiment, the salt slurry has a lithium content greater than 400 ppm. In one embodiment, the salt slurry has a lithium content greater than 500 ppm. In one embodiment, the salt slurry has a lithium content greater than 600 ppm. In one embodiment, the salt slurry has a lithium content greater than 700 ppm. In one embodiment, the salt slurry has a lithium content greater than 800 ppm. In one embodiment, the salt slurry has a lithium content greater than 900 ppm. In one embodiment, the salt slurry has a lithium content greater than 1000 ppm.
[0069] Fig. 4 shows one embodiment of the present invention. In particular, a leaching solution is applied to the raw salts for leaching the lithium salts from the raw salts. A mixture of salt slurry with a lithium content greater than 200 ppm and brine is obtained thereafter. In one embodiment, water is added to the raw salts for leaching the lithium salts therefrom. In another embodiment, a solution containing brine is added to the raw salts. In yet another embodiment, a solution which is recycled from the current lithium salts leaching / extraction system is added to the raw salts. In one embodiment, the leaching agent may contain one or more of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, barium chloride, aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, copper chloride, etc. A lithium-rich solution is obtained from the mixture of salt slurry with a lithium content greater than 200 ppm and brine, and then enters the steps of extraction, washing, stripping thereafter.
[0070] Comparing to the traditional extraction method for extracting the lithium salt, the method of the present invention uses the raw salts as a starting point, rather than the raw brine. In addition, the water is added to the salt for dissolving the lithium salt. Thus, the concentration of the lithium salt in the dissolving solution is higher than the traditional method and thus rendering the extraction process more efficient. More importantly, the extraction agent and any solutions which had been in contact with the extraction agent, e.g., raffinate and washing effluent, are internally recycled within the process such that the process is more environment friendly comparing to the traditional extraction method. Furthermore, the entire process only discharges solid low-lithium waste salt to the outside, with no liquid emissions, thus causing no pollution to the environment. The solid waste salt that comes in contact with the circulating liquid, e.g., extraction agent, washing agent, stripping agent, and etc., has a moisture content of less than 1%when it is expelled from the system. Therefore, even if the circulating liquid contains 30 ppm of organic matter, the organic content in the solid waste salt will be less than 0.3 ppm.
[0071] Extraction of lithium salt from tailings
[0072] In one embodiment, the method is applied for extracting lithium salt from borax tailings. In another embodiment, the tailings comprise tailings from oil extraction.
[0073] In one embodiment, the borax tailing contains sodium chloride.
[0074] In one embodiment, the lithium salt extraction from borax tailings includes following steps.
[0075] Step (1) Saturated magnesium chloride is used to leach the borax tailings, controlling the liquid-solid ratio at 1-2: 1. The leaching is thoroughly stirred, with the lithium concentration in the leachate being greater than 0.3 g / L.
[0076] Step (2) The leachate is filtered using a plate frame, the solid is stacked, and the filtrate is used for lithium extraction.
[0077] Step (3) Extraction of lithium is performed, with a total of 20 extraction tanks. Of these, 7 are for extraction, with a lithium extraction rate of >80%. The raffinate is recycled to the borax tailings leaching section; 6 are for washing, and 7 are for stripping (back-extraction) , resulting in a 200 g / L lithium chloride solution.
[0078] Step (4) Sodium carbonate is added to the lithium chloride solution to precipitate lithium at 80 ℃.
[0079] Step (5) After solid-liquid separation of the lithium precipitation mother liquor, the mother liquor is recycled to the extraction section. The solid, after stirring, washing, drying, and packaging, becomes the lithium carbonate product.
[0080] In another embodiment, the method is applied for extraction of lithium salt from borax tailings containing magnesium chloride.
[0081] Step (1) Clear water is used for leaching, controlling the solid-liquid ratio to obtain a saturated magnesium chloride solution. The leaching is thoroughly stirred, with the lithium concentration in the leachate being greater than 1 g / L.
[0082] Step (2) The leachate is filtered using a plate frame, the solid is stacked, and the filtrate is used for lithium extraction.
[0083] Step (3) Extraction of lithium is performed, with a total of 20 extraction tanks. Of these, 7 are for extraction, with a lithium extraction rate of >90%; 6 are for washing, and 7 are for back-extraction, resulting in a 200 g / L lithium chloride solution.
[0084] Step (4) Sodium carbonate is added to the lithium chloride solution to precipitate lithium at 80 ℃.
[0085] Step (5) After solid-liquid separation of the lithium precipitation mother liquor, the mother liquor is recycled to the extraction section. The solid, after stirring, washing, drying, and packaging, becomes the lithium carbonate product.
[0086] In yet another embodiment, the method is applied for extraction of lithium salt from borax tailings containing sodium sulfate.
[0087] Step (1) clear water is used for leaching, thoroughly stirring the leachate, and controlling the solid-liquid ratio. The lithium concentration in the leachate is greater than 1 g / L.
[0088] Step (2) The leachate is filtered using a plate frame, and the solid is stacked.
[0089] Step (3) Lime (calcium oxide) is added to the filtrate to adjust the pH to >12, then it is filtered using a plate frame. The solid is stacked, and the filtrate is used for lithium extraction.
[0090] Step (4) Extraction of lithium is performed, with a total of 4 extraction tanks. Of these, 2 are for extraction, with a lithium extraction rate of greater than 95%; and 2 are for back-extraction, resulting in a lithium chloride or lithium sulfate solution with a concentration greater than 25 g / L.
[0091] Step (5) Sodium carbonate is added to the lithium chloride solution to precipitate lithium at 80 ℃.
[0092] Step (6) After solid-liquid separation of the lithium precipitation mother liquor, the mother liquor is recycled to the extraction section. The solid, after stirring, washing, drying, and packaging, becomes the lithium carbonate product.
[0093] The present invention demonstrates significant advantages over the existing lithium extraction method. First, the present invention is environmental friend, because no liquid waste containing organic reagents is discharged to the environment. All solutions are recycled within the system, e.g., leaching solution, solutions leftover from the leaching process, extraction agent, raffinate, washing effluent, etc. In addition, the present invention increases the recovery rate of lithium in the brine. With the traditional evaporation method, the lithium recovery rate is only around 40%. Most of the lithium is trapped within the crystalline water of halite and is wasted in the form of tailings (waste slag) . This is also the reason why one of the raw salts can be tailings. The raw salts of the present invention can be in three different forms: the solid-liquid mixture obtained after evaporation; the brine separated from the solid-liquid after evaporation; and solid salt. Moreover, the present invention improves the evaporation efficiency. The further the brine is evaporated, the more difficult it becomes to evaporate. A lot of intercrystalline brine will form, leading to a solid-liquid mixture. The evaporation rate will get slower and slower. With the present invention, once sodium and potassium are evaporated off, lithium extraction can begin. By using recycled water, lithium is continuously washed out, eliminating the need to evaporate completely.
[0094] The foregoing description of the exemplary embodiments of the invention has been presented only for the purposes of illustration and description and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching.
[0095] The embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the invention and their practical application so as to enable others skilled in the art to utilize the invention and various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. Alternative embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains without departing from its spirit and scope. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description and the exemplary embodiments described therein.
[0096] Some references, which may include patents, patent applications and various publications, are cited and discussed in the description of this invention. The citation and / or discussion of such references is provided merely to clarify the description of the invention and is not an admission that any such reference is “prior art” to the invention described herein. All references cited and discussed in this specification are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties and to the same extent as if each reference was individually incorporated by reference.
Claims
1.A method for extracting a lithium-rich product from a salt lake or mine tailing, comprising:obtaining a raw salt;leaching the raw salt using a leaching solution to obtain a lithium-rich brine solution and a low-lithium waste salt;extracting the lithium-rich brine solution using an extraction agent solution to obtain an extracted solution;washing the extracted solution to obtain a washed solution; andstriping the washed solution to obtain the lithium-rich product;wherein the lithium-rich product comprises at least one of a lithium-rich solution and a lithium-rich solid salt.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the raw salt is obtained from a raw brine extracted from a salt lake.3.The method of claim 1, wherein the raw salt is obtained from a mine tailing.4.The method of claim 2, wherein the raw salt is produced by evaporating the raw brine.5.The method of claim 4, wherein the raw salt is in a liquid form, a solid form, or a liquid-solid mixture form.6.The method of claim 1, wherein the leaching solution comprises water.7.The method of claim 1, wherein a raffinate produced by the step of extracting is recycled and added to the leaching solution.8.The method of claim 7, wherein a washing effluent produced by the step of washing is recycled and added to the leaching solution.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the extraction agent solution is collected in the step of stripping and recycled for being used in the step of extracting.10.The method of claim 1, wherein the leaching agent comprises a leaching salt having a solubility lower than the lithium salt solubility.11.A method for leaching a solid lithium-rich product from a mine tailing, comprising:dissolving the mine tailing in a leaching solution to produce a lithium brine solution;filtering the lithium brine solution to produce a filtered lithium brine solution;extracting the filtered lithium brine solution using an extraction agent solution to produce a lithium chloride solution; andprecipitating the lithium chloride solution to produce a solid lithium-rich product and a mother liquor.12.The method of claim 11, wherein the mine tailing comprises borax.13.The method of claim 12, wherein the leaching solution comprises a leaching salt having a solubility lower than the lithium salt solubility.14.The method of claim 12, wherein the leaching solution comprises water.15.The method of claim 11, wherein the step of extracting further comprises:washing an extracted lithium solution produced by extracting the filtered lithium brine solution to produce a washed lithium solution using a washing agent solution; andstripping the washed lithium solution using a stripping agent solution to produce the lithium chloride solution.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the washing agent solution is collected after the step of washing and added to the leaching solution; wherein the stripping agent solution is collected after the step of stripping and added to the leaching solution.17.The method of claim 16, wherein a lithium extraction rate of the step of extracting is greater than 80%.18.The method of claim 16, wherein the step of precipitating the lithium chloride solution comprises adding sodium carbonate to the lithium chloride solution.19.The method of claim 16, wherein the mother liquor is collected after the step of precipitating and added to the filtered lithium brine solution.20.The method of claim 1, wherein the leaching salt comprises at least one of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, barium chloride, aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, and copper chloride.
Citation Information
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