Lightning protection system, wind turbine blade, wind power generation device, and blade tip lightning receptor

Abstract

A lightning protection system (100) for a wind turbine blade, a wind turbine blade, a wind power generation device, and a blade tip lightning receptor (10), which can improve the current carrying efficiency of conductors and reduce the consumption of conductor materials. The lightning protection system (100) is used for a blade, and the lightning protection system (100) comprises: a blade tip lightning receptor (10) comprising a first conductor portion (11) and a second conductor portion (12) which are distributed in a first direction, wherein the second conductor portion (12) is connected to the first conductor portion (11), the blade tip lightning receptor (10) can be connected to the blade tip of the blade, and at least part of the first conductor portion (11) protrudes from the blade tip; and a first lead (20) having one end electrically connected to the second conductor portion (12) and the other end extending towards a side where the blade root of the blade is located. At least one of the first conductor portion (11) and the first lead (20) is internally hollow, thereby improving the current carrying efficiency of conductor materials in the first conductor portion (11) and / or the first lead (20) in the lightning protection system (100), and reducing the consumption of the conductor materials in the lightning protection system (100).

Description

Lightning protection systems, wind turbine blades, wind turbine generators, and blade tip lightning arresters

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202311435654.2, filed on October 31, 2023, entitled “Lightning protection system, wind turbine blade, wind turbine generator device and blade tip lightning arrester,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the technical field of lightning protection systems for wind turbine blades, and in particular to a lightning protection system, a wind turbine blade, a wind power generation device, and a blade tip lightning arrester. Background Art

[0004] The existing blade lightning protection system mainly includes a blade tip lightning receptor assembly, a blade body lightning receptor assembly and a down conductor system. The blade tip lightning receptor assembly and a single or multiple blade body lightning receptor assemblies are connected to the grounding point of the blade root through the down conductor system.

[0005] Because lightning current is a time-varying current with an extremely high rate of change, existing lightning protection systems have design deficiencies. When the lightning protection system conducts lightning current during operation, it exhibits a severe skin effect. The current density inside the conductor is extremely low, the amount of current conducted is small, and the impedance is high, which increases the risk of high-temperature fires and reduces reliability.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The embodiments of the present application provide a lightning protection system for wind turbine blades, a wind turbine blade, a wind power generation device, and a blade tip lightning arrester. The lightning protection system can ensure the guidance of lightning current and effectively reduce the risk of fire when the skin effect occurs, with high reliability.

[0008] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application proposes a lightning protection system for a blade, the lightning protection system comprising: a blade tip lightning receptor, comprising a first conductor portion and a second conductor portion distributed along a first direction, the second conductor portion being connected to the first conductor portion, the blade tip lightning receptor being capable of being connected to the tip of the blade and the first conductor portion being at least partially protruding from the blade tip; a first lead, one end of the first lead being electrically connected to the second conductor portion and the other end extending toward the side of the blade root; wherein, at least one of the first conductor portion and the first lead is hollow inside.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, the first conductor portion includes: a first component and a second component, the second component is connected between the first component and the second conductor portion, the first component can be arranged to protrude from the blade tip, the first component has a first cavity, and the second component has a second cavity connected to the first cavity.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, at least a portion of the second conductor portion is inserted into the first lead and electrically connected to the first lead; or, a third cavity is provided in the second conductor portion, the third cavity is communicated with the second cavity, and one end of the first lead at least partially extends into the third cavity and electrically connected to the second conductor portion.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, a first insulator is provided inside at least one of the first cavity and the second cavity; or a first support is provided inside at least one of the first cavity and the second cavity, and the first support is connected to the first conductor portion.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, the first component, the second component and the second conductor portion are integrally formed, and / or the wall thickness of the first component, the second component and the second conductor portion is 1-3 mm.

[0013] According to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, a first through hole is provided in the first lead along its own extension direction, and a first support body is provided in the matching area between the first lead and the second conductor part, and the first support body is inserted into the first through hole.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, the lightning protection system also includes: a first lightning rod base, the first lightning rod base is provided with a first connecting part in pairs, the first lightning rod base is connected in series to the first lead through the first connecting part provided in pairs, a first supporting body is provided in the connection area between the first connecting part and the first lead, the first supporting body is inserted into the first through hole of the first lead, and the first lightning rod base is configured to be connected to the first blade lightning rod.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, the first lead faces one side of the blade tip lightning receptor and is connected in series with a plurality of first lightning receptor bases arranged at intervals along its own extension direction.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, the lightning protection system also includes: a second lightning receptor base, the second lightning receptor base is provided with a second connecting portion, and the second lightning receptor base is configured to be connected to the second blade body lightning receptor; a second lead, the second lead is provided with a second through hole which is arranged to pass through along its own extension direction, the second connecting portion of the second lightning receptor base is electrically connected to the first lead through the second lead, and a first support body is provided in the connection area between the second lead and the second connecting portion, and the first support body is inserted into the second through hole.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, a plurality of second lightning receptor bases are provided on a side of the first lead away from the blade tip lightning receptor, and each second lightning receptor base is electrically connected to the first lead via a second lead.

[0018] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, the wall thickness of the first lead and the second lead is 1-3 mm.

[0019] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a wind turbine blade, comprising the lightning protection system of any embodiment of the first aspect of the present application.

[0020] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a wind power generation device, comprising a wind turbine blade according to any embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present application.

[0021] In fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application also provides a blade tip lightning rod, comprising a first conductor portion and a second conductor portion, the first conductor portion comprising a first component and a second component, the second component being connected between the first component and the second conductor portion, the first component being capable of protruding out of the blade tip and being arranged along a first direction and pointed to by the second component toward one side of the first component, the cross-sectional areas of the first component, the second component and the second conductor portion tend to decrease, wherein at least one of the first component and the second component has a cavity inside.

[0022] According to the embodiments of the present application, a lightning protection system, a wind turbine blade, a wind turbine generator, and a blade tip lightning receptor are proposed. The lightning protection system is applied to a blade. The lightning protection system includes a blade tip lightning receptor and a first lead. The blade tip lightning receptor is connected to the tip of the blade. The first conductor portion of the blade tip lightning receptor is electrically connected to one end of the first lead via a second conductor portion, and the other end of the first lead extends toward the blade root side, so that the lightning current received by the blade tip lightning receptor is conducted from the first conductor portion through the second conductor portion to the first lead, and then conducted from the first lead to a grounding point on the blade root side. Because at least one of the first conductor and the first lead is hollow, the lightning current received by the blade tip lightning receptor is conducted from the second conductor to the first lead only through the first conductor and / or the first lead, excluding the hollow portion. This avoids the problem of low current-carrying efficiency of the blade tip lightning receptor and the first lead due to the skin effect during lightning current propagation, which prevents the lightning current from penetrating deeply into the conductor. This improves the current-carrying efficiency of the conductor material in the second conductor and / or the first lead in the lightning protection system. Furthermore, the hollow design reduces impedance during lightning current conduction, preventing the conductor material from releasing large amounts of heat due to high impedance, which could damage the lightning protection system and cause fire risks. This improves the reliability of the lightning protection system and reduces the amount of conductor material used in the second conductor and / or the first lead, thereby reducing costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The features, advantages and technical effects of exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lightning protection system provided by one embodiment of the present application;

[0025] FIG2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a lightning protection system according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Explanation of the accompanying reference numerals: 100-lightning protection system; 10-blade tip lightning receptor; 11-first conductor; 11a-first component; Q1-first cavity; 11b-second component; Q2-second cavity; 12-second conductor; Q3-third cavity; 20-first lead; H1-first through hole; Z1-first support body; 30-first lightning receptor base; 31-first connecting part; 40-second lightning receptor base; 41-second connecting part; 50-second lead; X-first direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present application will be described in detail below. In the detailed description below, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the present application. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present application can be implemented without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the present application by illustrating examples of the present application. In the accompanying drawings and the following description, at least some of the well-known structures and technologies are not shown in order to avoid unnecessary ambiguity in the present application; and, for clarity, the sizes of some structures may be exaggerated. In addition, the features, structures, or characteristics described below may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0028] The directional words appearing in the following description are all directions shown in the figures, and do not limit the specific structures in the molding mold and molding method of this application. In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the meaning of "multiple" is more than two, and the terms "installation" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected; the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", etc. are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0029] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0030] The existing blade lightning protection system mainly includes a blade tip lightning receptor assembly, a blade body lightning receptor assembly and a down conductor system. The blade tip lightning receptor assembly and a single or multiple blade body lightning receptor assemblies are connected to the grounding point of the blade root through the down conductor system.

[0031] Because lightning current is a time-varying current with an extremely high rate of change, existing lightning protection systems have design deficiencies. When the lightning protection system conducts lightning current during operation, it exhibits a severe skin effect. The current density inside the conductor is extremely low, the amount of current conducted is small, and the impedance is high, which increases the risk of high-temperature fires and reduces reliability.

[0032] In order to solve the above problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a lightning protection system for wind turbine blades, wind turbine blades, wind power generation devices and blade tip lightning arresters. The lightning protection system can ensure the guidance of lightning current and effectively reduce the risk of fire when skin effect occurs, with high reliability.

[0033] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lightning protection system provided in one embodiment of the present application; FIG2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a lightning protection system provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0034] As shown in Figures 1-2, embodiments of the present application provide a lightning protection system 100 for blades. The lightning protection system 100 includes a blade tip lightning receptor 10 and a first lead 20. The blade tip lightning receptor 10 includes a first conductor portion 11 and a second conductor portion 12 distributed along a first direction X. The second conductor portion 12 is connected to the first conductor portion 11. The blade tip lightning receptor 10 is capable of connecting to the tip of a blade, and the first conductor portion 11 is at least partially protruding from the tip. One end of the first lead 20 is electrically connected to the second conductor portion 12, and the other end extends toward the root side of the blade. At least one of the first conductor portion 11 and the first lead 20 is hollow.

[0035] According to the lightning protection system 100 proposed in an embodiment of the present application, the lightning protection system 100 is applied to a blade. The lightning protection system 100 includes a blade tip lightning receptor 10 and a first lead 20. The blade tip lightning receptor 10 is connected to the tip of the blade. The first conductor 11 of the blade tip lightning receptor 10 is electrically connected to one end of the first lead 20 via a second conductor 12. The other end of the first lead 20 extends toward the blade root. The lightning current received by the blade tip lightning receptor 10 is conducted from the first conductor 11 through the second conductor 12 to the first lead 20, and then from the first lead 20 to a grounding point on the blade root side. Because at least one of the first conductor portion 11 and the first lead 20 is hollow, during the process of the lightning current received by the blade tip lightning receptor 10 being conducted from the second conductor portion 12 to the first lead 20, the current is only conducted in the conductor portion of the first conductor portion 11 and / or the first lead 20 other than the hollow portion. This avoids the problem of low current carrying efficiency of the blade tip lightning receptor 10 and the first lead 20 due to the skin effect, which prevents the lightning current from penetrating deeply into the conductor during the propagation process. This improves the current carrying efficiency of the conductor material in the second conductor portion 12 and / or the first lead 20 in the lightning protection system 100. Furthermore, the hollow design can reduce impedance during the lightning current conduction process, preventing the conductor material from releasing a large amount of heat due to high impedance, which may damage the lightning protection system 100 and cause a fire risk, thereby improving the reliability of the lightning protection system 100. At the same time, the amount of conductor material used in the second conductor portion 12 and / or the first lead 20 is reduced, thereby reducing costs.

[0036] As shown in Figures 1-2, in some optional embodiments, the first conductor portion 11 includes: a first component 11a and a second component 11b, the second component 11b is connected between the first component 11a and the second conductor portion 12, the first component 11a can be set to protrude from the blade tip, the first component 11a has a first cavity Q1, and the second component 11b has a second cavity Q2 connected to the first cavity Q1.

[0037] According to the lightning protection system 100 of the embodiment of the present application, the first component 11a of the first conductor part 11 has a first cavity Q1, and the second conductor part 12 of the first conductor part 11 has a second cavity Q2. The first cavity Q1 and the second cavity Q2 are connected, so that the first component 11a and the second component 11b of the first conductor part 11 can avoid the problem of low current carrying efficiency caused by the skin effect when conducting lightning current. At the same time, the first component 11a and the second component 11b reduce the use of conductor materials, reduce costs, and reduce the weight of the blade tip lightning rod 10, thereby reducing the load burden on the blade.

[0038] Optionally, any one of the first conductor portion 11 and the second conductor portion 12 has a cavity, which can also reduce the use of conductor materials, improve the current carrying rate, and reduce the load burden of the blade.

[0039] As shown in FIG1-2 , in some optional embodiments, along the first direction X and from the second component 11 b toward one side of the first component 11 a , the cross-sectional areas of the first component 11 a , the second component 11 b , and the second conductor portion 12 tend to decrease.

[0040] According to the lightning protection system 100 of the embodiment of the present application, since the first component 11a is arranged to protrude from the blade tip, in order to enable the first component 11a to be better matched and connected with the blade tip and to consider the influence of factors such as wind on the first component 11a, the first component 11a has a decreasing transverse interface in the first direction X and on one side directed from the second component 11b to the first component 11a, thereby improving the fit between the first component 11a and the blade, while reducing the wind resistance of the second component 11b, and improving the installation stability and reliability of the second component 11b.

[0041] Second component 11b is positioned within the blade tip. To accommodate the blade tip's characteristic characteristic of decreasing cross-section as it moves away from the blade root, the cross-sectional area of ​​first component 11a decreases along the first direction X, from second component 11b toward the side of first component 11a. This allows for a greater contact area between second component 11b and the blade tip, further enhancing the fit between second component 11b and the blade tip. Since first component 11a is connected to second conductor 12 via second component 11b, the improved fit between second component 11b and the blade tip also enhances the stability of first component 11a's installation on the blade tip, thereby improving the structural stability of lightning protection system 100 and its installation stability on the blade.

[0042] As shown in Figures 1-2, in some optional embodiments, at least a portion of the second conductor portion 12 is inserted into the first lead 20 and electrically connected to the first lead 20; or, a third cavity Q3 is provided in the second conductor portion 12, the third cavity Q3 is connected to the second cavity Q2, and one end of the first lead 20 at least partially extends into the third cavity Q3 and is electrically connected to the second conductor portion 12.

[0043] According to the lightning protection system 100 of the embodiment of the present application, the second conductor portion 12 can be solid or hollow, and at least a portion of the second conductor portion 12 can be inserted into the interior of the first lead 20 and electrically connected to the first lead 20. Alternatively, the second conductor portion 12 is provided with a third cavity Q3, which is connected to the second cavity Q2 of the second component 11b of the first conductor portion 11. This allows the first cavity Q1 of the first component 11a, the second cavity Q2 of the second component 11b, and the third cavity Q3 of the second conductor portion 12 to be sequentially connected. This further improves the current carrying efficiency of the blade tip lightning receptor 10 when conducting lightning current and further reduces the amount of conductor material used in the blade tip lightning receptor 10. Furthermore, at least a portion of the first lead 20 extends into the third cavity Q3 of the second conductor portion 12 for connection, making the connection between the second lead and the second conductor portion 12 simpler and more convenient, facilitating installation and removal.

[0044] As shown in Figure 1-2, in some optional embodiments, a first insulator is provided inside at least one of the first cavity Q1 and the second cavity Q2; or a first support member is provided inside at least one of the first cavity Q1 and the second cavity Q2, and the first support member is connected to the first conductor portion 11.

[0045] According to the lightning protection system 100 of the embodiment of the present application, in order to ensure the mechanical strength of the blade tip lightning receptor 10, a first insulator is provided in at least one of the first cavity Q1 of the first component 11a and the second cavity Q2 of the second component 11b, or a first support member is provided inside at least one of the first cavity Q1 of the first component 11a and the second cavity Q2 of the second component 11b to support the hollow structure of the first conductor part 11 and enhance the strength of the first conductor part 11, so that deformation of the first cavity Q1 or the second cavity Q2 affects the conduction of the lightning current, thereby avoiding reducing the current carrying efficiency of the first conductor part 11.

[0046] It can be understood that the first support member can be a plurality of metal reinforcement ribs, which are arranged in at least one of the first cavity Q1 and the second cavity Q2 to support the first cavity Q1 and / or the second cavity Q2 to prevent the first cavity Q1 and / or the second cavity Q2 from collapsing, thereby enhancing the mechanical strength of the first conductor part 11.

[0047] As shown in FIG1-2 , in some optional embodiments, the first component 11a , the second component 11b and the second conductor portion 12 are integrally formed, and / or the wall thickness of the first component 11a , the second component 11b and the second conductor portion 12 is 1-3 mm.

[0048] According to the lightning protection system 100 of the embodiment of the present application, the first component 11a, the second component 11b, and the second component 11b are integrally formed, which facilitates the control of the wall thickness of each part of the blade tip lightning receptor 10 and the manufacture of the blade tip lightning receptor 10. At the same time, the number of steps for assembling the blade tip lightning receptor 10 is reduced, and the lightning current is more efficiently conducted in the conductor of the blade tip lightning receptor 10.

[0049] Due to the skin effect of lightning current when it is conducted in the conductor, the current carrying efficiency of lightning current is higher when the surface thickness of the conductor material is 1-3 mm. Therefore, the wall thickness of the first component 11a, the second component 11b and the second conductor part 12 is set to 1-3 mm to improve the current carrying efficiency of the blade tip lightning receptor 10 during the process of re-conducting lightning current.

[0050] As shown in Figure 1-2, in some optional embodiments, a first through hole H1 is provided in the first lead 20 and is arranged to pass through along its own extension direction. A first support body Z1 is provided in the matching area between the first lead 20 and the second conductor part 12, and the first support body Z1 is inserted into the first through hole H1.

[0051] According to the lightning protection system 100 of the embodiment of the present application, when the first conductor portion 11 of the blade tip lightning receptor 10 receives lightning current and conducts it to the first lead 20 through the second conductor portion 12, and then to the grounding point located at the blade root through the first lead 20, the skin effect also occurs when lightning current propagates through solid leads. If the thickness of the lead exceeds the skin depth, the current density in the center of the lead conductor is low during the lightning current conduction process, resulting in a small amount of conducted current, which in turn causes the lead resistance to be higher than when conducting a constant current. Therefore, the first lead 20 is provided with a first through hole H1 which is set through the first lead 20 along its own extension direction. The conductor of the first lead 20 is spatially surrounded by the first through hole H1, so that the lightning current is conducted through the conductor around the first through hole H1. The conductor inside the first lead 20 that does not play its due role is removed, thereby reducing the waste of conductor material and improving the current carrying efficiency of the first lead 20. It is avoided that the lightning current releases a large amount of heat during the conduction process of the first lead 20 due to the high impedance of the first lead 20, thereby avoiding damage to the function of the lightning protection system 100 and the possibility of fire.

[0052] A first support body Z1 is provided in the matching area between the first lead 20 and the second conductor. The first support body Z1 is inserted into the through hole of the first lead 20 to support the first through hole H1 and prevent the through hole of the first lead 20 from being flattened due to external pressure.

[0053] As shown in Figures 1-2, in some optional embodiments, the lightning protection system 100 also includes: a first lightning rod base 30, the first lightning rod base 30 is provided with a first connecting portion 31 in pairs, the first lightning rod base 30 is connected in series to the first lead 20 through the first connecting portion 31 provided in pairs, and a first support body Z1 is provided in the connection area between the first connecting portion 31 and the first lead 20, the first support body Z1 is inserted into the first through hole H1 of the first lead 20, and the first lightning rod base 30 is configured to be connected to the first blade lightning rod.

[0054] According to the lightning protection system 100 of the embodiment of the present application, the first lightning rod base 30 of the lightning protection system 100 is connected in series to the first lead 20 through the first connecting parts 31 arranged in pairs. The first blade lightning rod connected to the first lightning rod base increases the receiving points for the lightning protection system 100 to receive lightning current, thereby improving the working effectiveness and stability of the lightning protection system 100.

[0055] Because the connection area between the first connection portion 31 and the first lead 20 is provided with a first support body Z1, which is inserted into the first through-hole H1 of the first lead 20, the connection between the first connection portion 31 and the first lead 20 prevents the first through-hole H1 of the first lead 20 from collapsing. When lightning current received by the blade tip lightning receptor 10 is conducted to the first lead 20 via the first conductor 11 and the second conductor 12, the first lead 20 then conducts the lightning current through the first blade lightning receptor base to the grounding point at the blade root, where it is then conducted to the ground. When the first blade body lightning receptor connected to the first blade lightning receptor base 30 receives lightning current, the lightning current is conducted to the first lead 20 via the first lightning receptor base 30, which is connected in series with the first lead 20. From the first lead 20, the lightning current is then conducted to the grounding point at the blade root, where it is then conducted to the ground.

[0056] In some optional embodiments, there may be multiple first lightning receptor bases 10 and they are arranged in series. Each first lightning receptor base 1 is equipped with a first lightning receptor, which is configured to receive lightning current. This increases the number of receiving points where the blade can receive lightning current, thereby improving the effectiveness of the lightning protection system 100.

[0057] As shown in FIG. 1-2 , in some optional embodiments, the first lead 20 faces one side of the blade tip lightning receptor 10 and is connected in series with a plurality of first lightning receptor bases 30 spaced apart along its own extension direction.

[0058] According to the lightning protection system 100 of the embodiment of the present application, the blade tip is more likely to receive lightning current than the blade root. Therefore, a plurality of first lightning receptor bases 30 are connected in series along the first lead 20, facing the blade tip lightning receptor 10 and extending in its own direction. Each first lightning receptor base 30 is connected to a first blade body lightning receptor, thereby increasing the number of lightning current receiving points at the blade tip. When the blade tip lightning receptor 10 or any of the first blade body lightning receptors receives lightning current, the lightning current can be conducted to the grounding point located at the blade root through the first lead 20, and then directed to the ground, thereby improving the effectiveness and stability of the lightning protection system 100.

[0059] As shown in Figures 1-2, in some optional embodiments, the lightning protection system 100 also includes: a second lightning receptor base 40, the second lightning receptor base 40 is provided with a second connecting portion 41, and the second lightning receptor base 40 is configured to be connected to the second blade body lightning receptor; a second lead 50, the second lead 50 is provided with a second through hole which is arranged to pass through along its own extension direction, the second connecting portion 41 of the second lightning receptor base 40 is electrically connected to the first lead 20 through the second lead 50, and the connection area between the second lead 50 and the second connecting portion 41 is provided with a first support body Z1, and the first support body Z1 is inserted into the second through hole.

[0060] According to the lightning protection system 100 of the embodiment of the present application, the second lightning receptor base 40 is electrically connected to the second lead 50 via the second connection portion 41, which is then connected to the first lead 20. When the second blade airframe lightning receptor connected to the second lightning receptor base 40 receives lightning current, the second blade airframe lightning receptor conducts the lightning current from the second connection portion 41 of the second lightning receptor base 40 to the second lead 50, which is then conducted from the second lead 50 to the first lead 20, and finally from the first lead 20 to a grounding point located at the blade root, ultimately conducting the lightning current to the ground. The second connection line allows the second lightning receptor base 40 to be positioned away from the first lead 20, increasing the number of lightning current receiving points in areas of the blade away from the first lead 20, further improving the effectiveness and stability of the lightning protection system 100.

[0061] Since the second lead 50 is provided with a second through hole extending along its own extension direction, the conductor inside the second lead 50 that does not play its due role is removed, thereby reducing the waste of conductor material and improving the current carrying efficiency of the second lead 50. This avoids the low current carrying efficiency caused by the skin effect of the second lead 50 in the process of conducting lightning current, and avoids the lightning current releasing a large amount of heat during the conduction process of the first lead 20 due to high impedance, thereby avoiding damage to the function of the lightning protection system 100 and the possibility of fire.

[0062] As shown in FIG1-2 , in some optional embodiments, a plurality of second lightning receptor bases 40 are provided on a side of the first lead 20 away from the blade tip lightning receptor 10 , and each second lightning receptor base 40 is electrically connected to the first lead 20 via a second lead 50 .

[0063] According to the lightning protection system 100 of the embodiment of the present application, since the blade gradually widens from the tip to the root, multiple second lightning receptor bases 40 are provided on the side of the first lead 20 away from the blade tip lightning receptor 10. Each second lightning receptor base is electrically connected to the first lead 20 via a second lead 50, and each second lightning receptor base 40 is connected to a second blade body lightning receptor. This increases the number of lightning current receiving points near the blade root. When any second blade body lightning receptor receives lightning current, it conducts the lightning current through the second lightning receptor base 40 to the second lead 50, and then from the second lead 50 to the first lead 20, and finally to the grounding point at the blade root and the earth.

[0064] It is understandable that the plurality of second lightning receptor bases 40 may be arranged on one side of the first lead 20 along its own direction, or may be arranged on both sides of the first lead 20 along its own direction, which is not limited here.

[0065] As shown in FIG. 1-2 , in some optional embodiments, the wall thickness of the first lead 20 and the second lead 50 is 1-3 mm.

[0066] According to the lightning protection system 100 of the embodiment of the present application, due to the different resistivities and magnetic permeabilities of the various conductors, the spectrum of the lightning signal also varies. This results in different skin depths of lightning current when conducting through different conductor materials, such as 1.0-1.5 mm for copper, 1.0-2.0 mm for aluminum alloy, and 2.0-3.0 mm for austenitic stainless steel. Therefore, setting the conductor material cross-sectional area to less than 70 square millimeters and the surface thickness to 1-3 mm can ensure higher current carrying efficiency. Therefore, the wall thickness of the first lead 20 and the second lead 50 is set to 1-3 mm to improve the current carrying efficiency and mechanical performance of the first lead 20 and the second lead 50 during the lightning current conduction process.

[0067] It should be noted that the wall thickness of the first lead 20 and the second lead 50 refers to the wall thickness of the conductor material of the first lead 20 and the second lead 50 .

[0068] An embodiment of the present application further provides a wind turbine blade, comprising the lightning protection system 100 of any embodiment of the first aspect of the present application.

[0069] The wind turbine blade provided in the embodiment of the present application has all the beneficial effects of the lightning protection system 100 provided in the above embodiments of the present application. For details, please refer to the specific description of the lightning protection system 100 in the above embodiments, and this embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0070] An embodiment of the present application also provides a wind power generation device, comprising the wind turbine blade of any embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present application.

[0071] The wind turbine generator provided in the embodiment of the present application has all the beneficial effects of the wind turbine blades provided in the above embodiments of the present application. For details, please refer to the specific description of the wind turbine blades in the above embodiments, which will not be repeated in this embodiment.

[0072] As shown in Figures 1-2, an embodiment of the present application also provides a blade tip lightning rod 10, including a first conductor portion 11 and a second conductor portion 12. The first conductor portion 11 includes a first component 11a and a second component 11b. The second component 11b is connected between the first component 11a and the second conductor portion 12. The first component 11a can be arranged to protrude from the blade tip, along the first direction X and pointed by the second component 11b to one side of the first component 11a. The cross-sectional areas of the first component 11a, the second component 11b and the second conductor portion 12 tend to decrease, wherein at least one of the first component 11a and the second component 11b has a cavity inside.

[0073] According to the blade tip lightning receptor 10 of the present embodiment, the first component 11a of the first conductor portion 11 is positioned protruding from the blade tip, allowing the first conductor portion 11 to receive lightning current. After receiving the lightning current, the first component 11a conducts the lightning current to the second conductor portion 12 via the second component 11b. The second conductor portion 12 then transmits the lightning current to the grounding point via a lead, ultimately conducting the lightning current to the ground. Because at least one of the second component 11b and the first component 11a has a cavity within it, the first conductor portion 11 avoids the low current-carrying efficiency caused by the skin effect. Furthermore, the hollow design reduces impedance during lightning current conduction, preventing the conductor material from releasing large amounts of heat due to high impedance, potentially damaging the blade tip lightning receptor 10 and potentially causing fire. This improves the reliability of the blade tip lightning receptor 10, reduces the use of conductor material, and lowers costs. It also reduces the weight of the blade tip lightning receptor 10, alleviating the load on the blade.

[0074] Since the first component 11a is arranged to protrude from the blade tip, in order to ensure that the first component 11a can be better matched and connected with the blade tip and to take into account the influence of factors such as wind on the first component 11a, the lateral interface of the first component 11a in the first direction X and pointing from the second component 11b to the first component 11a tends to decrease, thereby improving the fit between the first component 11a and the blade, and at the same time reducing the wind resistance exerted on the second component 11b, thereby improving the installation stability and reliability of the second component 11b.

[0075] Second component 11b is positioned within the blade tip. To accommodate the blade tip's characteristic characteristic of decreasing cross-section as it moves away from the blade root, the cross-sectional area of ​​first component 11a decreases along the first direction X, from second component 11b toward the side of first component 11a. This allows for a greater contact area between second component 11b and the blade tip, further enhancing the fit between second component 11b and the blade tip. Since first component 11a is connected to second conductor 12 via second component 11b, the improved fit between second component 11b and the blade tip also enhances the stability of first component 11a's installation on the blade tip, thereby improving the structural stability of lightning protection system 100 and its installation stability on the blade.

[0076] Although the present application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications may be made thereto and components may be substituted with equivalents without departing from the scope of the present application. In particular, the various technical features described in the various embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there are no structural conflicts. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but encompasses all technical solutions within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A lightning protection system for a blade, the lightning protection system comprising: A blade tip lightning receptor, comprising a first conductor portion and a second conductor portion distributed along a first direction, wherein the second conductor portion is connected to the first conductor portion, the blade tip lightning receptor can be connected to the blade tip of the blade, and the first conductor portion is at least partially protruded from the blade tip; A first lead, one end of which is electrically connected to the second conductor portion and the other end of which is extended toward the blade root side of the blade; At least one of the first conductor part and the first lead wire is hollow inside.

2. The lightning protection system according to claim 1, wherein: The first conductor part includes: a first component and a second component, the second component is connected between the first component and the second conductor part, the first component can be protruded from the blade tip, the first component has a first cavity, and the second component has a second cavity connected to the first cavity.

3. The lightning protection system according to claim 2, wherein: At least a portion of the second conductor portion is inserted into the first lead and electrically connected to the first lead; Alternatively, a third cavity is provided in the second conductor part, the third cavity is communicated with the second cavity, and one end of the first lead at least partially extends into the third cavity and is electrically connected to the second conductor part.

4. The lightning protection system according to claim 2, wherein: A first insulator is disposed inside at least one of the first cavity and the second cavity; Alternatively, a first support member is disposed in at least one of the first cavity and the second cavity, and the first support member is connected to the first conductor portion.

5. The lightning protection system according to claim 2, wherein: The first component, the second component and the second conductor portion are integrally formed, and / or the wall thickness of the first component, the second component and the second conductor portion is 1-3 mm.

6. The lightning protection system according to claim 1, wherein: A first through hole is arranged in the first lead wire along its extending direction, and a first support body is arranged in the matching area between the first lead wire and the second conductor part, and the first support body is inserted into the first through hole.

7. The lightning protection system according to claim 6, wherein: The lightning protection system also includes: A first lightning receptor base, wherein the first lightning receptor base is provided with first connecting parts in pair, the first lightning receptor base is connected in series to the first lead through the first connecting parts provided in pair, the first supporting body is provided at the connecting area between the first connecting part and the first lead, the first supporting body is inserted into the first through hole of the first lead, and the first lightning receptor base is configured to be connected to the first blade body lightning receptor.

8. The lightning protection system according to claim 7, wherein: There are multiple first lightning receptor bases, which are arranged in series.

9. The lightning protection system according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein: The lightning protection system also includes: A second lightning receptor base, the second lightning receptor base being provided with a second connecting portion, and the second lightning receptor base being configured to be connected to a second blade body lightning receptor; A second lead wire is provided with a second through hole extending along its own extension direction, the second connecting portion of the second lightning receptor base is electrically connected to the first lead wire through the second lead wire, the connecting area between the second lead wire and the second connecting portion is provided with the first supporting body, and the first supporting body is inserted into the second through hole.

10. The lightning protection system according to claim 9, wherein: A plurality of second lightning receptor bases are arranged on a side of the first lead away from the blade tip lightning receptor, and each of the second lightning receptor bases is electrically connected to the first lead via one second lead.

11. The lightning protection system according to claim 10, wherein: The wall thickness of the first lead wire and the second lead wire is 1-3 mm.

12. A wind turbine blade, comprising the lightning protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. A wind power generation device, comprising the wind power blade according to claim 12.

14. A blade tip lightning receptor, comprising: A first conductor part and a second conductor part, the first conductor part includes a first component and a second component, the second component is connected between the first component and the second conductor part, the first component can protrude from the blade tip, along a first direction and from the second component to one side of the first component, the cross-sectional areas of the first component, the second component and the second conductor part tend to decrease, and at least one of the first component and the second component has a cavity inside.

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