PJVS quantum voltage step-wave amplitude calculation method, apparatus and device

Abstract

A PJVS quantum voltage step-wave amplitude calculation method, apparatus and device. The method comprises: on the basis of Fourier transform, performing fitting calculation on data points which are collected from a PJVS step wave, so as to obtain an initial signal array, wherein the PJVS step wave comprises a plurality of voltage steps; using a preset S function to perform weight calculation analysis on the basis of the initial signal array, so as to obtain a target weight array; and on the basis of the target weight array, calculating a PJVS quantum voltage step-wave fundamental-wave amplitude, so as to obtain a target fundamental-wave amplitude. During this process, full use is also made of sampling data which is affected by a transition region and a Gibbs phenomenon, and the accuracy and reliability of voltage reproduction can also be ensured by means of specific calculation. Therefore, the technical problems in the prior art of data of a transition region being discarded, and there being a lack of stability and reliability in voltage reproduction can be solved.

Description

A PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation method, device and equipment

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on October 30, 2023, with application number 202311424790.1 and invention name “A PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation method, device and equipment”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of voltage measurement technology, and in particular to a PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation method, device and equipment. Background Art

[0003] The Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard (PJVS) can construct an AC voltage reference by outputting quantum voltage step waves. However, due to the transition process and the Gibbs effect, there are fluctuations at both ends of the quantum voltage step, resulting in low accuracy of the corresponding sampling data. A common data processing method is to eliminate the transition process data and only use the quantum voltage data in the stable region to achieve the reproduction of the AC quantum voltage value and calibrate the calibrated AC voltage signal.

[0004] Existing methods, such as the 3σ method, require dividing the quantum voltage step into stationary and transition regions, retaining only the stationary region data and discarding the transition region data. Furthermore, robustness in reproducing the step-wave quantum voltage is low. Consequently, the transition region data is not utilized in actual measurements, and the voltage reproduction lacks stability and reliability, making it difficult to meet practical application requirements.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present application provides a PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation method, device and equipment, which are used to solve the technical problems of the prior art in which transition region data is discarded and the reproduced voltage lacks stability and reliability.

[0007] In view of this, the first aspect of the present application provides a method for calculating the amplitude of a PJVS quantum voltage step wave, comprising:

[0008] Performing a fitting calculation on data points collected on a PJVS step wave based on Fourier transform to obtain an initial signal array, wherein the PJVS step wave includes a plurality of voltage steps;

[0009] Using a preset S function, weight calculation and analysis are performed based on the initial signal array to obtain a target weight array;

[0010] The PJVS quantum voltage step wave fundamental amplitude is calculated according to the target weight array to obtain the target fundamental amplitude.

[0011] Preferably, the data points collected on the PJVS step wave are fitted and calculated based on Fourier transform to obtain an initial signal array, and the PJVS step wave includes multiple voltage steps, including:

[0012] Collecting a preset number of data points on each voltage step of the PJVS step wave;

[0013] Based on Fourier transform, performing discrete Fourier transform according to the step number of the voltage step and the preset number of data points to obtain a fitting function;

[0014] After determining the fitting value of each data point by the fitting function, element difference calculation is performed according to the fitting value to obtain an initial signal array.

[0015] Preferably, the data points collected on the PJVS step wave are fitted and calculated based on Fourier transform to obtain an initial signal array, wherein the PJVS step wave includes multiple voltage steps, and the method further includes:

[0016] The PJVS outputs a plurality of cycles of a sinusoidal step wave voltage signal to obtain a PJVS step wave, wherein the PJVS step wave includes a plurality of voltage steps.

[0017] Preferably, the preset S function is used to perform weight calculation and analysis based on the initial signal array, and the target weight array includes:

[0018] Calculating element standard deviations according to the initial signal array, and obtaining initial weights based on the element standard deviations to obtain an initial weight array;

[0019] Using a preset S function to perform fitting processing on the elements in the initial weight array to obtain a fitting weight array;

[0020] Optimize and calculate the elements in the fitting weight array to obtain a target weight array.

[0021] Preferably, the step of optimizing the elements in the fitting weight array to obtain a target weight array further includes:

[0022] Set the negative weight elements in the fitting weight array to zero.

[0023] A second aspect of the present application provides a PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation device, comprising:

[0024] a fitting calculation unit, configured to perform a fitting calculation on data points collected on a PJVS step wave based on Fourier transform to obtain an initial signal array, wherein the PJVS step wave includes a plurality of voltage steps;

[0025] A weight calculation unit, configured to use a preset S function to perform weight calculation analysis based on the initial signal array to obtain a target weight array;

[0026] The amplitude calculation unit is used to calculate the amplitude of the fundamental wave of the PJVS quantum voltage step wave according to the target weight array to obtain the target fundamental wave amplitude.

[0027] Preferably, the fitting calculation unit is specifically used to:

[0028] Collecting a preset number of data points on each voltage step of the PJVS step wave;

[0029] Based on Fourier transform, performing discrete Fourier transform according to the step number of the voltage step and the preset number of data points to obtain a fitting function;

[0030] After determining the fitting value of each data point by the fitting function, element difference calculation is performed according to the fitting value to obtain an initial signal array.

[0031] Preferably, it also includes:

[0032] The waveform generating unit is used to output a plurality of cycles of a sinusoidal step wave voltage signal through PJVS to obtain a PJVS step wave, wherein the PJVS step wave includes a plurality of voltage steps.

[0033] Preferably, the weight calculation unit is specifically used to:

[0034] Calculating element standard deviations according to the initial signal array, and obtaining initial weights based on the element standard deviations to obtain an initial weight array;

[0035] Using a preset S function to perform fitting processing on the elements in the initial weight array to obtain a fitting weight array;

[0036] Optimize and calculate the elements in the fitting weight array to obtain a target weight array.

[0037] A third aspect of the present application provides a PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation device, the device comprising a processor and a memory;

[0038] The memory is used to store program code and transmit the program code to the processor;

[0039] The processor is used to execute the PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation method described in the first aspect according to the instructions in the program code.

[0040] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the embodiments of the present application have the following advantages:

[0041] In the present application, a method for calculating the amplitude of a PJVS quantum voltage step wave is provided, including: performing fitting calculations on data points collected on the PJVS step wave based on Fourier transform to obtain an initial signal array, where the PJVS step wave includes multiple voltage steps; using a preset S function to perform weight calculation and analysis based on the initial signal array to obtain a target weight array; calculating the fundamental wave amplitude of the PJVS quantum voltage step wave based on the target weight array to obtain a target fundamental wave amplitude.

[0042] The PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation method provided in this application eliminates the need to divide the system into stable and transition regions. Instead, it calculates a target weight array based on the initial signal array obtained from the voltage steps, and accurately reproduces the fundamental wave amplitude based on this weight array. This process fully utilizes the sampled data from the transition region and the Gibbs effect, and ensures the accuracy and reliability of the reproduced voltage through specific calculations. Therefore, this application can solve the technical problems of the prior art in which transition region data is discarded and the reproduced voltage lacks stability and reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] FIG1 is a flow chart of a method for calculating the amplitude of a PJVS quantum voltage step wave provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] FIG3 is an example diagram of a weight distribution characteristic curve before and after fitting based on a preset S-function according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] FIG4 is an example diagram of a characteristic curve of weight distribution in a target weight array provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] FIG5 is an example graph showing a comparison curve of amplitude reproduction results between the solution of the present application and the 3σ method provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to help those skilled in the art better understand the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0049] For ease of understanding, please refer to FIG1 . This application provides an embodiment of a method for calculating the amplitude of a PJVS quantum voltage step wave, including:

[0050] Step 101: Perform fitting calculation on data points collected on a PJVS step wave based on Fourier transform to obtain an initial signal array. The PJVS step wave includes multiple voltage steps.

[0051] Furthermore, step 101 includes:

[0052] Collect a preset number of data points on each voltage step of the PJVS step wave;

[0053] Based on Fourier transform, discrete Fourier transform is performed according to the step number of the voltage step and a preset number of data points to obtain a fitting function;

[0054] After determining the fitting value of each data point through the fitting function, the element difference calculation is performed based on the fitting value to obtain the initial signal array.

[0055] Furthermore, before step 101, the following steps are also included:

[0056] The PJVS outputs a plurality of cycles of a sinusoidal step wave voltage signal to obtain a PJVS step wave, which includes a plurality of voltage steps.

[0057] It should be noted that in the sinusoidal step wave voltage signal with multiple cycles output by PJVS, each cycle contains multiple voltage steps. If the number of output cycles is recorded as P, then the number of voltage steps contained in each cycle can be recorded as S. It can be understood that P and S are both positive integers.

[0058] A preset number T of data points are collected on each voltage step of the PJVS step wave, and the collected T data points are integrated according to the step number k of each voltage step to obtain a PS-dimensional array S 1k ; For array S 1k Perform discrete Fourier transform processing to obtain the fitting function f(t). In addition, T is an even number, k is an integer, and 1≤k≤T.

[0059] By fitting the function f(t) to obtain the fitting value corresponding to the kth data point of each voltage step, the PS-dimensional fitting value array S can be generated. 2k , the array S 1k and the fitted value array S 2k Perform element difference calculation to get the initial signal array S k =(S k,1 ,S k,2 ,......,S k,PS ), where PS is the product of the number of voltage steps and the number of cycles, i.e. the total number of voltage steps.

[0060] Step 102: Use the preset S function to perform weight calculation and analysis based on the initial signal array to obtain the target weight array.

[0061] Furthermore, step 102 includes:

[0062] Calculate the element standard deviation according to the initial signal array, and obtain the initial weight according to the element standard deviation to obtain the initial weight array;

[0063] The preset S function is used to fit the elements in the initial weight array to obtain a fitting weight array;

[0064] Optimize the elements in the fitting weight array to obtain the target weight array.

[0065] Furthermore, the elements in the fitting weight array are optimized and calculated to obtain the target weight array, which also includes:

[0066] Set the negative weight elements in the fitted weight array to zero.

[0067] It should be noted that according to the initial signal array S k =(S k,1 ,S k,2 ,......,S k,PS ) Calculate the element standard deviation σ of the elements contained k The process is expressed as:

[0068] Among them, S k,m represents the mth element in the initial signal array, PS is the total number of elements, μ is the variance, and is specifically expressed as:

[0069] Based on the element standard deviation σ k The process of obtaining the initial weight is:

[0070] Calculating all the initial weights can form the initial weight array W=(W1,W2,...W k ,...,WT ).

[0071] It should be noted that the preset S function is expressed as:

[0072] Where x is any weight element value in the initial weight array.

[0073] The initial weight array W=(W1,W2,...W k ,...,W T ) are fitted to obtain the fitting weight array W. s When the number of weight elements T = 100, the distribution of the weight array curve before and after fitting is shown in Figure 3. It can be found that there are large differences in the weight distribution characteristics before and after fitting, and the weight distribution before fitting fluctuates greatly, showing obvious instability, while the weight distribution after fitting is relatively more stable and has smaller fluctuations.

[0074] In order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the calculated weight array, this embodiment continues to fit the weight array W s The optimization is mainly to fit the weight array W s The weight of the middle area is further increased, and the specific calculation process is expressed as: W f (n) = W s (n)*((W s (n) / W s (T / 2))) 2

[0075] Among them, W s (n) is the fitting weight array W s The nth weight element in W f (n) represents the target weight array W f The nth weight element in . In addition, the fitting weight array W s All negative weight elements in are set to zero, and the target weight array W can be obtained by combining optimization calculation and zeroing processing. f ,The target weight distribution can be found in Figure 4. At this time, T=100, it can be found that the change characteristics of the fitting weight array and the target weight array are basically the same, and both maintain relatively stable fluctuations.

[0076] Step 103: Calculate the PJVS quantum voltage step wave fundamental amplitude according to the target weight array to obtain the target fundamental amplitude.

[0077] The calculation process of the fundamental amplitude of the PJVS quantum voltage step wave is expressed as:

[0078] Among them, A i 、A f They represent the fundamental amplitude of the sine wave obtained by fitting the sampling data at the i-th point of each voltage step, and the target fundamental amplitude calculated based on the weighting method, W i is the target weight array W f The frequency characteristic distribution of the AC voltage fundamental amplitude reproduced by the method of this embodiment and the AC voltage fundamental amplitude reproduced by the criterion of the 3σ method is shown in Figure 5. The experimental results show that the calculation scheme of this embodiment has good robustness and high accuracy in measuring the amplitude of the step wave quantum voltage fundamental. Within 2.5kHz, the step wave voltage reproduction accuracy is better than 2×10 -6 .

[0079] The PJVS quantum voltage step amplitude calculation method provided in the embodiments of the present application eliminates the need for dividing the system into stationary and transition regions. By calculating a target weight array based on the initial signal array obtained from the voltage steps, the accurate fundamental amplitude can be reproduced based on this weight array. This process fully utilizes the sampled data from the transition region and the Gibbs effect, and further ensures the accuracy and reliability of the reproduced voltage through detailed calculations. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application can solve the technical problems of the prior art, such as the discarding of transition region data and the lack of stability and reliability of the reproduced voltage.

[0080] For ease of understanding, please refer to FIG2 . This application provides an embodiment of a PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation device, including:

[0081] A fitting calculation unit 201 is configured to perform a fitting calculation on data points collected on a PJVS step wave based on Fourier transform to obtain an initial signal array, wherein the PJVS step wave includes a plurality of voltage steps;

[0082] The weight calculation unit 202 is used to use a preset S function to perform weight calculation analysis based on the initial signal array to obtain a target weight array;

[0083] The amplitude calculation unit 203 is used to calculate the amplitude of the fundamental wave of the PJVS quantum voltage step wave according to the target weight array to obtain the target fundamental wave amplitude.

[0084] Preferably, the fitting calculation unit 201 is specifically configured to:

[0085] Collect a preset number of data points on each voltage step of the PJVS step wave;

[0086] Based on Fourier transform, discrete Fourier transform is performed according to the step number of the voltage step and a preset number of data points to obtain a fitting function;

[0087] After determining the fitting value of each data point through the fitting function, the element difference calculation is performed based on the fitting value to obtain the initial signal array.

[0088] Preferably, it also includes:

[0089] The waveform generating unit 204 is configured to output a plurality of cycles of a sinusoidal step wave voltage signal through PJVS to obtain a PJVS step wave, where the PJVS step wave includes a plurality of voltage steps.

[0090] Preferably, the weight calculation unit 202 is specifically configured to:

[0091] Calculate the element standard deviation according to the initial signal array, and obtain the initial weight according to the element standard deviation to obtain the initial weight array;

[0092] The preset S function is used to fit the elements in the initial weight array to obtain a fitting weight array;

[0093] Optimize the elements in the fitting weight array to obtain the target weight array.

[0094] The present application also provides a PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation device, the device including a processor and a memory;

[0095] The memory is used to store program codes and transmit the program codes to the processor;

[0096] The processor is used to execute the PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation method in the above method embodiment according to the instructions in the program code.

[0097] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0098] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the objectives of this embodiment as needed.

[0099] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into a single processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit. The aforementioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional units.

[0100] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes a number of instructions for executing all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application through a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.). The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (English full name: Read-Only Memory, English abbreviation: ROM), random access memory (English full name: Random Access Memory, English abbreviation: RAM), disk or optical disk and other media that can store program code.

[0101] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation method, characterized in that: include: Performing fitting calculation on data points collected on a PJVS step wave based on Fourier transform to obtain an initial signal array, wherein the PJVS step wave includes a plurality of voltage steps; Using a preset S function, weight calculation and analysis are performed according to the initial signal array to obtain a target weight array; The PJVS quantum voltage step wave fundamental amplitude is calculated according to the target weight array to obtain the target fundamental amplitude.

2. The PJVS quantum voltage step amplitude calculation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The data points collected on the PJVS step wave are fitted and calculated based on Fourier transform to obtain an initial signal array, wherein the PJVS step wave includes multiple voltage steps, including: Collecting a preset number of data points on each voltage step of the PJVS step wave; Based on Fourier transform, discrete Fourier transform is performed according to the step number of the voltage step and the preset number of data points to obtain a fitting function; After the fitting value of each of the data points is determined by the fitting function, element difference calculation is performed according to the fitting value to obtain an initial signal array.

3. The PJVS quantum voltage step amplitude calculation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The data points collected on the PJVS step wave are fitted and calculated based on Fourier transform to obtain an initial signal array, wherein the PJVS step wave includes a plurality of voltage steps, and the aforementioned further includes: The PJVS outputs a plurality of cycles of a sinusoidal step wave voltage signal to obtain a PJVS step wave, wherein the PJVS step wave includes a plurality of voltage steps.

4. The PJVS quantum voltage step amplitude calculation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The preset S function is used to perform weight calculation and analysis based on the initial signal array, and the target weight array includes: Calculating element standard deviations according to the initial signal array, and obtaining initial weights according to the element standard deviations to obtain an initial weight array; Using a preset S function to perform fitting processing on the elements in the initial weight array to obtain a fitting weight array; The elements in the fitting weight array are optimized and calculated to obtain a target weight array.

5. The PJVS quantum voltage step amplitude calculation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The optimizing calculation of the elements in the fitting weight array to obtain the target weight array also includes: Set the negative weight elements in the fitting weight array to zero.

6. A PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation device, characterized in that: include: A fitting calculation unit, used for performing fitting calculation on data points collected on a PJVS step wave based on Fourier transform to obtain an initial signal array, wherein the PJVS step wave includes a plurality of voltage steps; A weight calculation unit, used to use a preset S function to perform weight calculation analysis according to the initial signal array, and obtain a target weight array; The amplitude calculation unit is used to calculate the PJVS quantum voltage step wave fundamental amplitude according to the target weight array to obtain the target fundamental amplitude.

7. The PJVS quantum voltage step amplitude calculation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fitting calculation unit is specifically used for: Collecting a preset number of data points on each voltage step of the PJVS step wave; Based on Fourier transform, discrete Fourier transform is performed according to the step number of the voltage step and the preset number of data points to obtain a fitting function; After the fitting value of each of the data points is determined by the fitting function, element difference calculation is performed according to the fitting value to obtain an initial signal array.

8. The PJVS quantum voltage step amplitude calculation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: The waveform generating unit is used to output a plurality of cycles of a sinusoidal step wave voltage signal through PJVS to obtain a PJVS step wave, wherein the PJVS step wave includes a plurality of voltage steps.

9. The PJVS quantum voltage step amplitude calculation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The weight calculation unit is specifically used for: Calculating element standard deviations according to the initial signal array, and obtaining initial weights according to the element standard deviations to obtain an initial weight array; The preset S function is used to fit the elements in the initial weight array to obtain the simulated The weight array; The elements in the fitting weight array are optimized and calculated to obtain a target weight array.

10. A PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation device, characterized in that: The device comprises a processor and a memory; The memory is used to store program code and transmit the program code to the processor; The processor is used to execute the PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation method described in any one of claims 1-5 according to the instructions in the program code.

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