microcapsules

Abstract

Described herein are microcapsules. Also described herein are methods of making the microcapsules. Also described herein are methods for controlling pests with compositions including the microcapsules.

Description

TITLE MICROCAPSULES FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0001] Described herein are microcapsules. Also described herein are methods of making the microcapsules. Also described herein are methods for controlling pests with compositions including the microcapsules. BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0002] Encapsulation of agrochemical active ingredients aids in releasing the agrochemical active ingredients in a controlled manner, extending the activity of the agrochemical active ingredients for extended durations, protecting the agrochemical active ingredients from UV radiation, controlling the evaporation of volatile agrochemical active ingredients, and / or avoiding crop injury. Thus, encapsulation of agrochemical active ingredients is beneficial and desirable for numerous reasons.

[0003] Polyurea microcapsules produced by interfacial polymerization of isocyanates and amines are widely used to encapsulate agrochemicals. However, polyurea microcapsules do not undergo degradation in the environment. As a result, the widespread use of microplastics like polyurea microcapsules has polluted the marine environment and bans of microplastics are contemplated by regulatory agencies.

[0004] Accordingly, there is a need for microcapsules suitable for use with agrochemicals. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0005] It was discovered herein that polyurea-based microcapsules encapsulating agrochemical active ingredients could be made by including at least one ester group in the shell of the microcapsules. The modified microcapsules are poly(ester-ureas) (PEUs) and poly(ester- urethane-ureas) (PEUUs). The microcapsules of the present disclosure are broadly applicable and may be used to encapsulate a wide variety of agrochemical active ingredients. Suitableagrochemical active ingredients include, but are not limited to, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, nematicides, plant growth regulators (PGR), pheromones, and natural pesticidal oils.

[0006] In many embodiments, polyols useful to synthesize microcapsules include polycaprolactone polyols containing ester groups. The polycaprolactone polyester polyols can be made from ^-caprolactone and a bifunctional initiator such as diethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, or any of the other glycols and / or diols. Ester-containing polyols based on adipic acid or azelaic acid can also be used.

[0007] In one embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to a microcapsule comprising: a core comprising an agrochemical active ingredient; and a shell encapsulating the core, wherein the shell comprises a reaction product of at least one isocyanate-containing compound and at least one amine-containing compound, wherein the at least one isocyanate- containing compound and / or the at least one amine-containing compound comprises at least one ester group, and wherein the reaction product comprises at least one ester group.

[0008] In another embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to a method of making a microcapsule, the microcapsule comprising: a core comprising an agrochemical active ingredient; and a shell encapsulating the core, wherein the shell comprises a reaction product of at least one isocyanate-containing compound and at least one amine-containing compound, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound and / or the at least one amine-containing compound comprises at least one ester group, and wherein the reaction product comprises at least one ester group, wherein the method comprises encapsulating the core with the shell.

[0009] In yet another embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to a method for controlling a pest, wherein the method comprises applying to the pest or an environment of the pest a composition comprising a microcapsule comprising: a core comprising an agrochemical active ingredient; and a shell encapsulating the core, wherein the shell comprises a reaction product of at least one isocyanate-containing compound and at least one amine-containing compound, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound and / or the at least one amine-containing compound comprises at least one ester group, and wherein the reaction product comprises at least one ester group.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0010] This written description uses examples to illustrate the present disclosure, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, including making and using any compositions or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the disclosure is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.

[0011] As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having,” “contains”, “containing,” “characterized by” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, subject to any limitation explicitly indicated. For example, a composition, mixture, process or method that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, mixture, process or method.

[0012] The transitional phrase “consisting of” excludes any element, step, or ingredient not specified. If in the claim, such would close the claim to the inclusion of materials other than those recited except for impurities ordinarily associated therewith. When the phrase “consisting of” appears in a clause of the body of a claim, rather than immediately following the preamble, it limits only the element set forth in that clause; other elements are not excluded from the claim as a whole.

[0013] The transitional phrase “consisting essentially of” is used to define a composition or method that includes materials, steps, features, components, or elements, in addition to those literally disclosed, provided that these additional materials, steps, features, components, or elements do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed invention. The term “consisting essentially of” occupies a middle ground between “comprising” and “consisting of”. The use of “consisting essentially of” herein allows the applicant, as lexicographer, to define the invention being claimed by excluding any material, step, feature . . . that is considered by the applicant to be non-critical to the claimed invention, but which may beknown in the prior art and otherwise can be included in the invention being claimed, whether or not such inclusion or exclusion is specifically described in the specification. Exclusion of any material, step, feature . . . by the applicant may be for the sole purpose of excluding elements of the prior art that affect the novelty and, therefore, the patentability of the invention being claimed. As such, the use of “consisting essentially of” herein does not require explicit support from the specification to exclude any element of the prior art from the invention being claimed if inclusion of said element is detrimental to the patentability of the invention claimed.

[0014] Where an invention or a portion thereof is defined with an open-ended term such as “comprising,” it should be readily understood that (unless otherwise stated) the description should be interpreted to also describe such an invention using the terms “consisting essentially of” or “consisting of.”

[0015] Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, “or” refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).

[0016] Also, the indefinite articles “a” and “an” preceding an element or component of the invention are intended to be nonrestrictive regarding the number of instances (i.e. occurrences) of the element or component. Therefore “a” or “an” should be read to include one or at least one, and the singular word form of the element or component also includes the plural unless the number is obviously meant to be singular.

[0017] As used herein, depending on the context in which it is used, the term “about” provides an estimate of a value associated with the claimed invention, where the estimated value is reasonable when taken in context with the description of the invention and in view of what is known from information available to the public, as such information would be understood or interpreted by a person of ordinary skill in the art. Generally, the term “about” as used herein means that the estimated value will fall within plus or minus 10% of the associated value.

[0018] As used herein, “wt%” refers to the weight percent of the recited component relative to the total weight of the recited composition.

[0019] As used herein, the term “invertebrate pest” includes arthropods, gastropods, nematodes and helminths of economic importance as pests. The term “arthropod” includes insects, mites, spiders, scorpions, centipedes, millipedes, pill bugs and symphylans. The term “gastropod” includes snails, slugs and other Stylommatophora. The term “nematode” includes members of the phylum Nematoda, such as phytophagous nematodes and helminth nematodes parasitizing animals. The term “helminth” includes all of the parasitic worms, such as roundworms (phylum Nematoda), heartworms (phylum Nematoda, class Secernentea), flukes (phylum Platyhelminthes, class Tematoda), acanthocephalans (phylum Acanthocephala), and tapeworms (phylum Platyhelminthes, class Cestoda).

[0020] As used herein, “invertebrate pest control” means inhibition of invertebrate pest development (including mortality, feeding reduction, and / or mating disruption), and related expressions are defined analogously.

[0021] As used herein, the term “agronomic” refers to the production of field; crops such as for food and fiber and includes the growth of maize or corn, soybeans and other legumes, rice, cereal (e.g., wheat, oats, barley, rye and rice), leafy vegetables (e.g., lettuce, cabbage, and other cole crops), fruiting vegetables (e.g., tomatoes, pepper, eggplant, crucifers and cucurbits), potatoes, sweet potatoes, grapes, cotton, tree fruits (e.g., pome, stone and citrus), small fruit (e.g., berries and cherries) and other specialty crops (e.g., canola, sunflower and olives).

[0022] As used herein, the term “nonagronomic” refers to other than field crops, such as horticultural crops (e.g., greenhouse, nursery or ornamental plants not grown in a field), residential, agricultural, commercial and industrial structures, turf (e.g., sod farm, pasture, golf course, lawn, sports field, etc.), wood products, stored product, agro-forestry and vegetation management, public health (i.e. human) and animal health (e.g., domesticated animals such as pets, livestock and poultry, undomesticated animals such as wildlife) applications.

[0023] As used herein, the term “crop vigor” refers to rate of growth or biomass accumulation of a crop plant. An “increase in vigor” refers to an increase in growth or biomass accumulation in a crop plant relative to an untreated control crop plant. The term “crop yield” refers to the return on crop material, in terms of both quantity and quality, obtained after harvestinga crop plant. An “increase in crop yield” refers to an increase in crop yield relative to an untreated control crop plant.

[0024] As used herein, the term “biologically effective amount” refers to the amount of an active ingredient sufficient to produce the desired biological effect when applied to (i.e. contacted with) a pest to be controlled or its environment, or to a plant, the seed from which the plant is grown, or the locus of the plant (e.g., growth medium) to protect the plant from injury by the pest or for other desired effect (e.g., increasing plant vigor).

[0025] As used herein, nonagronomic applications include protecting an animal from an invertebrate parasitic pest by administering a parasiticidally effective amount of an active ingredient, typically in the form of a composition formulated for veterinary use, to the animal to be protected. As referred to in the present disclosure and claims, the terms “parasiticidal” and “parasiticidally” refers to observable effects on an invertebrate parasite pest to provide protection of an animal from the pest. Parasiticidal effects typically relate to diminishing the occurrence or activity of the target invertebrate parasitic pest. Such effects on the pest include necrosis, death, retarded growth, diminished mobility or lessened ability to remain on or in the host animal, reduced feeding and inhibition of reproduction. These effects on invertebrate parasite pests provide control (including prevention, reduction or elimination) of parasitic infestation or infection of the animal.

[0026] As used herein, the term “alkyl”, used either alone or in compound words such as “alkylthio” or “haloalkyl” includes straight-chain or branched alkyl, such as, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, or the different butyl, pentyl or hexyl isomers. “Alkylene” denotes a straight-chain or branched alkanediyl. Examples of “alkylene” include CH2, CH2CH2, CH(CH3), CH2CH2CH2, CH2CH(CH3) and the different butylene isomers. “

[0027] As used herein, “cycloalkyl” includes, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. The term “alkylcycloalkyl” denotes alkyl substitution on a cycloalkyl moiety and includes, for example, ethylcyclopropyl, i-propylcyclobutyl, 3-methylcyclopentyl and 4-methylcyclohexyl. The term “cycloalkylalkyl” denotes cycloalkyl substitution on an alkyl moiety. Examples of “cycloalkylalkyl” include cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentylethyl, and other cycloalkyl moieties bonded to straight-chain or branched alkyl groups. The term “cycloalkoxy” denotes cycloalkyl linked through an oxygen atom such as cyclopentyloxy and cyclohexyloxy.“Cycloalkylalkoxy” denotes cycloalkylalkyl linked through an oxygen atom attached to the alkyl chain. Examples of “cycloalkylalkoxy” include cyclopropylmethoxy, cyclopentylethoxy, and other cycloalkyl moieties bonded to straight-chain or branched alkoxy groups. “Cyanocycloalkyl” denotes a cycloalkyl group substituted with one cyano group. Examples of “cyanocycloalkyl” include 4-cyanocyclohexyl and 3-cyanocyclopentyl. “Cycloalkenyl” includes groups such as cyclopentenyl and cyclohexenyl as well as groups with more than one double bond such as 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexadienyl.

[0028] As used herein, the chemical abbreviations S(O) and S(=O) as used herein represent a sulfinyl moiety. The chemical abbreviations SO2, S(O)2and S(=O)2as used herein represent a sulfonyl moiety. The chemical abbreviations C(O) and C(=O) as used herein represent a carbonyl moiety. The chemical abbreviations CO2, C(O)O and C(=O)O as used herein represent an oxycarbonyl moiety. “CHO” means formyl.

[0029] As used herein, the total number of carbon atoms in a substituent group is indicated by the “Ci–Cj” prefix where i and j are numbers from 1 to 10. For example, C1–C4alkylsulfonyl designates methylsulfonyl through butylsulfonyl.

[0030] As used herein, when a compound is substituted with a substituent bearing a subscript that indicates the number of said substituents can exceed 1, said substituents (when they exceed 1) are independently selected from the group of defined substituents. When a group contains a substituent which can be hydrogen, then when this substituent is taken as hydrogen, it is recognized that this is equivalent to said group being unsubstituted. When one or more positions on a group are said to be “not substituted” or “unsubstituted”, then hydrogen atoms are attached to take up any free valency.

[0031] As used herein, unless otherwise indicated, a “ring” is carbocyclic or heterocyclic. The term “ring member” refers to an atom or other moiety (e.g., C(=O), C(=S), S(O) or S(O)2) forming the backbone of a ring.

[0032] As used herein, the term “carbocyclic ring” or “carbocycle” denotes a ring wherein the atoms forming the ring backbone are selected only from carbon. The term “heterocyclic ring” or “heterocycle” denotes a ring in which at least one atom forming the ringbackbone is not carbon, e.g., nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. Typically, a heterocyclic ring contains no more than 4 nitrogens, no more than 2 oxygens and no more than 2 sulfurs. Unless otherwise indicated, a carbocyclic ring or heterocyclic ring can be a saturated or unsaturated ring. “Saturated” refers to a ring having a backbone consisting of atoms linked to one another by single bonds; unless otherwise specified, the remaining atom valences are occupied by hydrogen atoms. Unless otherwise stated, an “unsaturated ring” may be partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated. The expression “fully unsaturated ring” means a ring of atoms in which the bonds between atoms in the ring are single or double bonds according to valence bond theory and furthermore the bonds between atoms in the ring include as many double bonds as possible without double bonds being cumulative (i.e. no C=C=C or C=C=N). The term “partially unsaturated ring” denotes a ring comprising at least one ring member bonded to an adjacent ring member through a double bond and which conceptually potentially accommodates a number of non-cumulated double bonds between adjacent ring members (i.e. in its fully unsaturated counterpart form) greater than the number of double bonds present (i.e. in its partially unsaturated form). Unless otherwise indicated, heterocyclic rings can be attached through any available carbon or nitrogen by replacement of a hydrogen on said carbon or nitrogen.

[0033] As used herein, “aromatic” indicates that each of the ring atoms is essentially in the same plane and has a p-orbital perpendicular to the ring plane, and in which (4n + 2) π electrons, where n is a positive integer, are associated with the ring to comply with Hückel’s rule. When a fully unsaturated carbocyclic ring satisfies Hückel’s rule, then said ring is also called an “aromatic ring” or “aromatic carbocyclic ring”. When a fully unsaturated heterocyclic ring satisfies Hückel’s rule, then said ring is also called a “heteroaromatic ring” or “aromatic heterocyclic ring”.

[0034] As used herein, the term “optionally substituted” in connection with substitution on cycloalkyl refers to groups which are unsubstituted or have at least one non-hydrogen substituent. As used herein, the following definitions shall apply unless otherwise indicated. The term "optionally substituted" is used interchangeably with the phrase “substituted or unsubstituted” or with the term “(un)substituted.” Unless otherwise indicated, an optionally substituted group may have a substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and each substitution is independent of the other.

[0035] Embodiments of this disclosure can be combined in any manner.

[0036] Composition embodiments of the present disclosure include:

[0037] Embodiment A1. The microcapsule described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound is aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or aromatic.

[0038] Embodiment A2. The microcapsule described in Embodiment A1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound is aliphatic.

[0039] Embodiment A3. The microcapsule described in Embodiment A1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound is cycloaliphatic.

[0040] Embodiment A4. The microcapsule described in Embodiment A1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound is aromatic.

[0041] Embodiment B1. The microcapsule described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound is selected from diisocyanate compounds, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6- hexamethylene diisocyanate (TMDI), 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5- isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate or IPDI), perhydro-2,4'- and -4,4'- diphenylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI), 1,4-diisocyanato-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexane (TMCDI), 1,3- and 1,4-bis(isocyanato methyl)cyclohexane, m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI), p-xylylene diisocyanate (p-XDI), m- and p-tetramethyl-1,3- and -1,4-xylylene diisocyanate (m- and p- TMXDI), 2,4- and 2,6-tolylenediisocyanate (TDI), 4,4'- 2,4'- and 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), polymeric MDI (PMDI), homologues thereof, isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.

[0042] Embodiment B2. The microcapsule described in Embodiment B1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound comprises a diisocyanate compound.

[0043] Embodiment B3. The microcapsule described in Embodiment B1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound comprises 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI).

[0044] Embodiment B4. The microcapsule described in Embodiment B1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound comprises 2,2,4- and / or 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6- hexamethylene diisocyanate (TMDI).

[0045] Embodiment B5. The microcapsule described in Embodiment B1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound comprises 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5- isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate or IPDI).

[0046] Embodiment B6. The microcapsule described in Embodiment B1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound comprises perhydro-2,4'- and / or -4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI).

[0047] Embodiment B7. The microcapsule described in Embodiment B1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound comprises 1,4-diisocyanato-2,2,6- trimethylcyclohexane (TMCDI).

[0048] Embodiment B8. The microcapsule described in Embodiment B1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound comprises 1,3- and / or 1,4-bis(isocyanato methyl)cyclohexane.

[0049] Embodiment B9. The microcapsule described in Embodiment B1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound comprises m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI).

[0050] Embodiment B10. The microcapsule described in Embodiment B1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound comprises p-xylylene diisocyanate (p-XDI).

[0051] Embodiment B11. The microcapsule described in Embodiment B1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound comprises m- and / or p-tetramethyl-1,3- and / or -1,4- xylylene diisocyanate (m- and p-TMXDI).

[0052] Embodiment B12. The microcapsule described in Embodiment B1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound comprises 2,4- and / or 2,6-tolylenediisocyanate (TDI).

[0053] Embodiment B13. The microcapsule described in Embodiment B1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound comprises 4,4'- and / or 2,4'- and / or 2,2'- diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI).

[0054] Embodiment B14. The microcapsule described in Embodiment B1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound comprises polymeric MDI (PMDI).

[0055] Embodiment B15. The microcapsule described in Embodiment B1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound comprises a homologue of the at least one isocyanate-containing compound.

[0056] Embodiment B16. The microcapsule described in Embodiment B1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound comprises an isomer of the at least one isocyanate- containing compound.

[0057] Embodiment C1. The microcapsule described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound is a reaction product of at least one starter isocyanate-containing compound and at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound.

[0058] Embodiment C2. The microcapsule described in Embodiment C1, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound is selected from polyester polyols, oligoesterols, ester diols, diester diols, diester triols, triester triols, diester tetraols, tetraester-tetraols, polyester polyols comprising 1-2 heteroatoms selected from O, S, and N, polyester polyols comprising at least one functional group selected from ether, disulfide, thioether, imine, and nitrile, polyester polyols comprising at least one functional group selected from lactones and caprolactones, and combinations thereof.

[0059] Embodiment C3. The microcapsule described in Embodiment C2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises a polyester polyol.

[0060] Embodiment C4. The microcapsule described in Embodiment C2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises an oligoesterol.

[0061] Embodiment C5. The microcapsule described in Embodiment C2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises an ester diol.

[0062] Embodiment C6. The microcapsule described in Embodiment C2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises a diester diol.

[0063] Embodiment C7. The microcapsule described in Embodiment C2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises a diester triol.

[0064] Embodiment C8. The microcapsule described in Embodiment C2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises a triester triol.

[0065] Embodiment C9. The microcapsule described in Embodiment C2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises a diester tetraol.

[0066] Embodiment C10. The microcapsule described in Embodiment C2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises a tetraester-tetraol.

[0067] Embodiment C11. The microcapsule described in Embodiment C2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises a polyester polyol comprising 1-2 heteroatoms selected from O, S, and N.

[0068] Embodiment C12. The microcapsule described in Embodiment C2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises a polyester polyol comprising at least one functional group selected from ether, disulfide, thioether, imine, and nitrile.

[0069] Embodiment C13. The microcapsule described in Embodiment C2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises a polyester polyol comprising at least one functional group selected from lactones and caprolactones.

[0070] Embodiment D1. The microcapsule described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound is a reaction product of at least one starter isocyanate-containing compound and at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound.

[0071] Embodiment D2. The microcapsule described in Embodiment D1, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound is selected from a) a compound of Formula I(Formula I) wherein: R11 is selected from H and linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl; R12 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; and n11 is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 4; b) a compound of Formula II II)R21is selected from linear and branched C1-C6alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; R22 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; R23 is selected from H, linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; n21is an integer in a range of from about 2 to about 6;n22is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; and n23 is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; c) a compound of Formula III (Formula III)R31is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R32is selected from direct bonds, linear and branched C1-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl, R34, R35-R34, R35-R34-R36, and R35-R34(R37)-R36; R33is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; R34 is selected from N, O, and S; R35is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R36is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; andR37is selected from linear and branched C1-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; d) a compound of Formula IVR41is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; R42 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; R43 is selected from H, linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; R44is selected from H, linear and branched C1-C6alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; n41is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5;n42is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 2; n43 is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; n44 is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; n45is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; and n46 is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1;e) a compound of Formula V (Formula V)wherein: R51 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; R52 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; R53 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl;R54is selected from H, linear and branched C1-C6alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; R55 is selected from H, linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; R56 is selected from H, linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; n51is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; n52 is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; n53 is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; n54is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; n55is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; and n56 is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; f) a reaction product of at least one C2-C6aliphatic triol; and at least one hydroxyalkanoic acid; g) a reaction product of at least one C2-C8aliphatic diol; and at least one tricarboxylic acid; and h) a compound of Formula VI(Formula VI) w ere n: R61 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; R62 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; R63 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R64 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R65 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R66is selected from H, linear and branched C1-C6alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; R67 is selected from H, linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl;n61is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; and n62 is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; i) a compound of Formula IX (Formula IX)R91 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; R92 is selected from linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; R93is selected from linear and branched C1-C6alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; R94 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl R95 is selected from linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; R96is selected from linear and branched C1-C6alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl;R97is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; n91is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; n92 is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; n93 is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; and n94is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; j) a compound of Formula X (Formula X)wherein: R101 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; R102 is selected from linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl;R103is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R104is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; n101is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; and n102 is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; and k) a compound of Formula XIR111is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R112is selected from linear and branched C1-C6alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl;R113is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R114is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; n111is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; and n112 is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5.

[0072] Embodiment D3. The microcapsule described in Embodiment D2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises a compound of Formula I.

[0073] Embodiment D4. The microcapsule described in Embodiment D2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises a compound of Formula II.

[0074] Embodiment D5. The microcapsule described in Embodiment D2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises a compound of Formula III.

[0075] Embodiment D6. The microcapsule described in Embodiment D2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises a compound of Formula IV.

[0076] Embodiment D7. The microcapsule described in Embodiment D2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises a compound of Formula V.

[0077] Embodiment D8. The microcapsule described in Embodiment D2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises a reaction product of at least one C2-C6aliphatic triol and at least one hydroxyalkanoic acid.

[0078] Embodiment D9. The microcapsule described in Embodiment D2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises a reaction product of at least one C2-C8 aliphatic diol and at least one tricarboxylic acid.

[0079] Embodiment D10. The microcapsule described in Embodiment D2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises a compound of Formula VI.

[0080] Embodiment D11. The microcapsule described in Embodiment D2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises a compound of Formula IX.

[0081] Embodiment D12. The microcapsule described in Embodiment D2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises a compound of Formula X.

[0082] Embodiment D13. The microcapsule described in Embodiment D2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound comprises a compound of Formula XI.

[0083] Embodiment D14. The microcapsule described in Embodiment D2, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound is a reaction product of at least one polyol selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4- butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5- pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol; and at least one further component selected from the group consisting of: at least one hydroxycarboxylic acid selected from glycolic acid, lactic acid, 3- hydroxybutyric acid, and 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid; at least one aminocarboxylic acid; and at least one dicarboxylic acid selected from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, oxalic acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, ether-based dicarboxylic acids, diglycolic acid, 3,3’-oxydipropanoic acid, 4,4’- oxydibutyric acid, thioether-based dicarboxylic acids, 2,2′-thiodiacetic acid, 3,3′- thiodipropionic acid, 4,4′-thiodibutanoic acid, dithiodiglycolic acid, disulfide-based dicarboxylic acids, 3,3′-dithiodipropionic acid, 4,4′-dithiodibutyric acid, and methyliminodiacetic acid.

[0084] Embodiment D15. The microcapsule described in Embodiment D14, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound is a reaction product of at least one polyol selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4- butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5- pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol; and at least one hydroxycarboxylic acid selected from glycolic acid, lactic acid, 3- hydroxybutyric acid, and 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid.

[0085] Embodiment D16. The microcapsule described in Embodiment D14, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound is a reaction product of at least one polyol selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4- butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5- pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol; and at least one aminocarboxylic acid.

[0086] Embodiment D17. The microcapsule described in Embodiment D14, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound is a reaction product of at least one polyol selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4- butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5- pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol; and at least one dicarboxylic acid selected from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, oxalic acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, ether-based dicarboxylic acids, diglycolic acid, 3,3’-oxydipropanoic acid, 4,4’-oxydibutyric acid, thioether- based dicarboxylic acids, 2,2′-thiodiacetic acid, 3,3′-thiodipropionic acid, 4,4′-thiodibutanoic acid, dithiodiglycolic acid, disulfide-based dicarboxylic acids, 3,3′-dithiodipropionic acid, 4,4′- dithiodibutyric acid, and methyliminodiacetic acid.

[0087] Embodiment E1. The microcapsule described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound is selected from aliphatic amines, aliphaticamines comprising at least two primary amino groups, aliphatic polyamines, ethylenediamine, 1,2- propanediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 2-methyl-1,2-propanediamine, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3- propanediamine, 1,3-butanediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, 1,3-pentanediamine, 1,5- pentanediamine, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,5-pentanediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine (HMDA), methylbis(3-aminopropyl)amine, 1,5-diamino-2-methylpentane (MPMD), cycloaliphatic polyamines, 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, 1,3-diaminocyclohexane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, bis(4- aminocyclohexyl)methane (HMDA), bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane, 1-amino-3- aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane (isophoronediamine or IPDA), homologues thereof, isomers thereof, and combinations thereof.

[0088] Embodiment E2. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises an aliphatic amine.

[0089] Embodiment E3. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises an aliphatic amine comprising at least two primary amino groups.

[0090] Embodiment E4. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises an aliphatic polyamine.

[0091] Embodiment E5. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises ethylenediamine.

[0092] Embodiment E6. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises 1,2-propanediamine.

[0093] Embodiment E7. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises 1,3-propanediamine.

[0094] Embodiment E8. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises 2-methyl-1,2-propanediamine.

[0095] Embodiment E9. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine.

[0096] Embodiment E10. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises 1,3-butanediamine.

[0097] Embodiment E11. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises 1,4-butanediamine.

[0098] Embodiment E12. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises 1,3-pentanediamine.

[0099] Embodiment E13. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises 1,5-pentanediamine.

[0100] Embodiment E14. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,5-pentanediamine.

[0101] Embodiment E15. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises 1,6-hexamethylenediamine (HMDA).

[0102] Embodiment E16. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises methylbis(3-aminopropyl)amine.

[0103] Embodiment E17. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises 1,5-diamino-2-methylpentane (MPMD).

[0104] Embodiment E18. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises a cycloaliphatic polyamine.

[0105] Embodiment E19. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises 1,2-diaminocyclohexane.

[0106] Embodiment E20. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises 1,3-diaminocyclohexane.

[0107] Embodiment E21. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises 1,4-diaminocyclohexane.

[0108] Embodiment E22. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane (HMDA).

[0109] Embodiment E23. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane.

[0110] Embodiment E24. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5- trimethylcyclohexane (isophoronediamine or IPDA).

[0111] Embodiment E25. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises a homologue of the at least one amine- containing compound.

[0112] Embodiment E26. The microcapsule described in Embodiment E1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises an isomer of the at least one amine-containing compound.

[0113] Embodiment F1. The microcapsule described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound is selected from polyester amines, polyester polyamines, oligoesteramines, ester diamines, diester diamines, polyester polyols comprising at least one amino group, and combinations thereof.

[0114] Embodiment F2. The microcapsule described in Embodiment F1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises a polyester amine.

[0115] Embodiment F3. The microcapsule described in Embodiment F1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises a polyester polyamine.

[0116] Embodiment F4. The microcapsule described in Embodiment F1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises an oligoesteramine.

[0117] Embodiment F5. The microcapsule described in Embodiment F1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises an ester diamine.

[0118] Embodiment F6. The microcapsule described in Embodiment F1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises a diester diamine.

[0119] Embodiment F7. The microcapsule described in Embodiment F1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises a polyester polyol comprising at least one amino group.

[0120] Embodiment G1. The microcapsule described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound is selected from a) a compound of Formula VII (Formula VII)R71 is H; R72 is selected from H, linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; R73 is H; R74is selected from H, linear and branched C1-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; n71 is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; n72is an integer in a range of from about 2 to about 6; and n73 is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1;b) a compound of Formula VIII (Formula VIII)R81 is H; R82is selected from H, linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R83is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl, R86, R87-R86, R87-R86-R88, and R87-R86(R89)-R88; R84is H; R85is selected from H, linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R86is selected from N, O, and S; R87 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R88is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl;R89is selected from linear and branched C1-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; n81is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; and n82 is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5.

[0121] Embodiment G2. The microcapsule described in Embodiment G1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises a compound of Formula VII.

[0122] Embodiment G3. The microcapsule described in Embodiment G1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound comprises a compound of Formula VIII.

[0123] Embodiment G4. The microcapsule described in Embodiment G1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound is a reaction product of at least one amino acid; and at least one further component selected from the group consisting of: at least one polyol selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3- propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,5- pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5- pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 2,2'- dithiodiethanol, and 3,3'-disulfanediyldi(1-propanol); and at least one amino alcohol selected from alkanolamines, ethanolamine, 2- (methylamino)ethanol, 3-amino-1-propanol, 4-amino-1-butanol, 5-amino-1-pentanol, 6- amino-1-hexanol, 3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)propylamine, and 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol.

[0124] Embodiment G5. The microcapsule described in Embodiment G1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound is a reaction product of at least one amino acid; andat least one polyol selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3- propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,5- pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5- pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 2,2'- dithiodiethanol, and 3,3'-disulfanediyldi(1-propanol).

[0125] Embodiment G6. The microcapsule described in Embodiment G1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound is a reaction product of at least one amino acid; and at least one amino alcohol selected from alkanolamines, ethanolamine, 2- (methylamino)ethanol, 3-amino-1-propanol, 4-amino-1-butanol, 5-amino-1-pentanol, 6- amino-1-hexanol, 3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)propylamine, and 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol.

[0126] Embodiment G7. The microcapsule described in Embodiment G4, wherein the at least one amino acid is selected from alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, sarcosine, taurine, β-alanine, N-methyl β-alanine, derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof.

[0127] Embodiment G8. The microcapsule described in Embodiment G4, wherein the at least one amino acid is selected from glycine, sarcosine, alanine and β-alanine.

[0128] Embodiment I1. The microcapsule described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein the shell further comprises a material selected from synthetic polymers, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polycarbonates, polythiocarbonates, semi-synthetic materials, modified celluloses, modified starch derivatives, natural materials, gum Arabic, agar agar, dextrins, alginic acid, alginic acid salts, biodegradable natural polymers, collagen, polysaccharides, starch, dextrin, waxes, chitosan, alginate, cellulose, gelatin, derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof.

[0129] Embodiment I2. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises a synthetic polymer.

[0130] Embodiment I3. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises a polyurea.

[0131] Embodiment I4. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises a polyurethane.

[0132] Embodiment I5. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises a polyacrylate.

[0133] Embodiment I6. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises a polyamide.

[0134] Embodiment I7. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises a polyvinyl alcohol.

[0135] Embodiment I8. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises a polyvinylpyrrolidone.

[0136] Embodiment I9. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises a polycarbonate.

[0137] Embodiment I10. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises a polythiocarbonate.

[0138] Embodiment I11. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises a semi-synthetic material.

[0139] Embodiment I12. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises a modified cellulose.

[0140] Embodiment I13. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises a modified starch derivative.

[0141] Embodiment I14. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises a natural material.

[0142] Embodiment I15. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises gum Arabic.

[0143] Embodiment I16. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises agar agar.

[0144] Embodiment I17. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises a dextrin.

[0145] Embodiment I18. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises alginic acid.

[0146] Embodiment I19. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises an alginic acid salt.

[0147] Embodiment I20. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises a biodegradable natural polymer.

[0148] Embodiment I21. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises collagen.

[0149] Embodiment I22. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises a polysaccharide.

[0150] Embodiment I23. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises starch.

[0151] Embodiment I24. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises dextrin.

[0152] Embodiment I25. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises a wax.

[0153] Embodiment I26. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises chitosan.

[0154] Embodiment I27. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises alginate.

[0155] Embodiment I28. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises cellulose.

[0156] Embodiment I29. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises gelatin.

[0157] Embodiment I30. The microcapsule described in Embodiment I1, wherein the shell further comprises a polymeric derivative.

[0158] Embodiment J1. An agrochemical composition comprising the microcapsule described in the Summary of the Invention.

[0159] Embodiment J2. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition further comprises an auxiliary selected from dispersants, surfactants, biocides, antifoamers, antifreeze agents, rheology modifiers, wetting agents, solvents, salts, and combinations thereof.

[0160] Embodiment J3. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition further comprises a dispersant.

[0161] Embodiment J4. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition further comprises a surfactant.

[0162] Embodiment J5. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition further comprises a biocide.

[0163] Embodiment J6. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition further comprises an antifoamer.

[0164] Embodiment J7. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition further comprises an antifreeze agent.

[0165] Embodiment J8. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition further comprises a rheology modifier.

[0166] Embodiment J9. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition further comprises a wetting agent.

[0167] Embodiment J10. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition further comprises a solvent.

[0168] Embodiment J11. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition further comprises a salt.

[0169] Embodiment J12. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition further comprises two or more auxiliaries.

[0170] Embodiment J13. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition further comprises three or more auxiliaries.

[0171] Embodiment J14. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition further comprises four or more auxiliaries.

[0172] Embodiment J15. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition is in a form selected from a premix and a tank mix.

[0173] Embodiment J16. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition is a premix.

[0174] Embodiment J17. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition is a tank mix.

[0175] Embodiment J18. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition is in a form selected from capsule suspension concentrates (CS), mixtures of suspension concentrates (SC) and capsule suspension concentrates (CS) formulations (ZC), flowable concentrates for seed treatment (FS), granules (GR), mixed formulations of capsule suspension concentrates (CS) and aqueous suspo-emulsions (SE)formulations (ZE), mixtures of capsule suspension concentrates (CS) and oil-in-water emulsions (EW) formulations (ZW), wettable powders (WP), and combinations thereof.

[0176] Embodiment J19. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition is in a form of a CS formulation or a ZC formulation.

[0177] Embodiment J20. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition is in a form of a CS formulation.

[0178] Embodiment J21. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition is in a form of a ZC formulation.

[0179] Embodiment J22. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition is in a form of a FS formulation.

[0180] Embodiment J23. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition is in a form of a GR formulation.

[0181] Embodiment J24. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition is in a form of a ZE formulation.

[0182] Embodiment J25. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition is in a form of a ZW formulation.

[0183] Embodiment J26. The agrochemical composition described in Embodiment J1, wherein the agrochemical composition is in a form of a WP formulation.

[0184] The composition embodiments of this disclosure may be combined with the methods of preparation embodiments of this disclosure in any manner. Similarly, the methods of preparation embodiments of this disclosure may be combined in any manner. The following embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.

[0185] Methods of preparation embodiments of the present disclosure include:

[0186] Embodiment K1. The method of making a microcapsule described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein encapsulating the core with the shell comprises encapsulation with a technique selected from solvent evaporation, in-situ polymerization, interfacial polymerization, emulsion polymerization, simple and complex coacervation, layer-by-layer deposition, liposomes, interfacial crosslinking, spray coating, pan coating, and combinations thereof.

[0187] Embodiment K2. The method described in Embodiment K1, wherein encapsulating the core with the shell comprises encapsulation with solvent evaporation.

[0188] Embodiment K3. The method described in Embodiment K1, wherein encapsulating the core with the shell comprises encapsulation with in-situ polymerization.

[0189] Embodiment K4. The method described in Embodiment K1, wherein encapsulating the core with the shell comprises encapsulation with interfacial polymerization.

[0190] Embodiment K5. The method described in Embodiment K1, wherein encapsulating the core with the shell comprises encapsulation with emulsion polymerization.

[0191] Embodiment K6. The method described in Embodiment K1, wherein encapsulating the core with the shell comprises encapsulation with simple coacervation.

[0192] Embodiment K7. The method described in Embodiment K1, wherein encapsulating the core with the shell comprises encapsulation with complex coacervation.

[0193] Embodiment K8. The method described in Embodiment K1, wherein encapsulating the core with the shell comprises encapsulation with layer-by-layer deposition.

[0194] Embodiment K9. The method described in Embodiment K1, wherein encapsulating the core with the shell comprises encapsulation with liposomes.

[0195] Embodiment K10. The method described in Embodiment K1, wherein encapsulating the core with the shell comprises encapsulation with interfacial crosslinking.

[0196] Embodiment K11. The method described in Embodiment K1, wherein encapsulating the core with the shell comprises encapsulation with spray coating.

[0197] Embodiment K12. The method described in Embodiment K1, wherein encapsulating the core with the shell comprises encapsulation with pan coating.Embodiment K13. The method described in Embodiment K1, wherein encapsulating the core with the shell comprises forming a mixture comprising: at least one isocyanate-containing compound; and at least one amine-containing compound; reacting the at least one isocyanate-containing compound and the at least one amine- containing compound to form the reaction product of the at least one isocyanate-containing compound and the at least one amine-containing compound; and encapsulating the core with the reaction product.

[0198] Embodiment K14. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises the core.

[0199] Embodiment K15. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises a material selected from synthetic polymers, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polycarbonates, polythiocarbonates, semi-synthetic materials, modified celluloses, modified starch derivatives, natural materials, gum Arabic, agar agar, dextrins, alginic acid, alginic acid salts, biodegradable natural polymers, collagen, polysaccharides, starch, dextrin, waxes, chitosan, alginate, cellulose, gelatin, derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof.

[0200] Embodiment K16. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises a synthetic polymer.

[0201] Embodiment K17. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises a polyurea.

[0202] Embodiment K18. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises a polyurethane.

[0203] Embodiment K19. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises a polyacrylate.

[0204] Embodiment K20. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises a polyamide.

[0205] Embodiment K21. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises a polyvinyl alcohol.

[0206] Embodiment K22. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises a polyvinylpyrrolidone.

[0207] Embodiment K23. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises a polycarbonate.

[0208] Embodiment K24. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises a polythiocarbonate.

[0209] Embodiment K25. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises a semi-synthetic material.

[0210] Embodiment K26. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises a modified cellulose.

[0211] Embodiment K27. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises a modified starch derivative.

[0212] Embodiment K28. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises a natural material.

[0213] Embodiment K29. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises gum Arabic.

[0214] Embodiment K30. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises agar agar.

[0215] Embodiment K31. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises a dextrin.

[0216] Embodiment K32. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises alginic acid.

[0217] Embodiment K33. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises an alginic acid salt.

[0218] Embodiment K34. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises a biodegradable natural polymer.

[0219] Embodiment K35. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises collagen.

[0220] Embodiment K36. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises a polysaccharide.

[0221] Embodiment K37. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises starch.

[0222] Embodiment K38. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises dextrin.

[0223] Embodiment K39. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises a wax.

[0224] Embodiment K40. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises chitosan.

[0225] Embodiment K41. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises alginate.

[0226] Embodiment K42. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises cellulose.

[0227] Embodiment K43. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises gelatin.

[0228] Embodiment K44. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises a polymeric derivative.

[0229] Embodiment K45. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises at least one base.

[0230] Embodiment K46. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein the mixture further comprises at least one base selected from inorganic bases, sodium hydroxide, organic bases, tertiary amines, triethylamine, triethanolamine, 2-(diethylamino)ethanol, and combinations thereof.

[0231] Embodiment K47. The method described in Embodiment K13, wherein forming a mixture comprises: forming a first mixture comprising at least one base and at least one amine- containing compound; and adding at least one isocyanate-containing compound to the first mixture to form a second mixture.

[0232] The composition embodiments of this disclosure may be combined with the methods for controlling pest embodiments of this disclosure in any manner. Similarly, the methods of preparation embodiments of this disclosure may be combined with the methods for controlling pest embodiments of this disclosure in any manner. Similarly, the methods for controlling pest embodiments of this disclosure may be combined in any manner. The following embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.

[0233] Embodiment L1. The method for controlling a pest described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein the agrochemical active ingredient is present in a biologically effective amount.

[0234] Embodiment L2. The method described in Embodiment L1, wherein the pest is selected from vertebrate pests, invertebrate pests, vegetation, fungi, nematodes, and combinations thereof.

[0235] Embodiment L3. The method described in Embodiment L1, wherein the pest is a vertebrate pest.

[0236] Embodiment L4. The method described in Embodiment L1, wherein the pest is an invertebrate pest.

[0237] Embodiment L5. The method described in Embodiment L1, wherein the pest is vegetation.

[0238] Embodiment L6. The method described in Embodiment L5, wherein the method comprises applying the composition to the vegetation or to a locus thereof or applying the composition to a soil or crop to prevent an emergence or growth of the vegetation.

[0239] Embodiment L7. The method described in Embodiment L5, wherein the vegetation comprises at least one herbicide resistant or herbicide-tolerant weed species.

[0240] Embodiment L8. The method described in Embodiment L5, wherein the vegetation comprises at least one herbicide resistant weed species.

[0241] Embodiment L9. The method described in Embodiment L5, wherein the vegetation comprises at least one herbicide-tolerant weed species.

[0242] Embodiment L10. The method described in Embodiment L5, wherein the vegetation comprises a weed selected from a broad leaf weed and a grass weed.

[0243] Embodiment L11. The method described in Embodiment L5, wherein the vegetation is selected from Abutilon theophrasti (ABUTH), Acalypha virginica (ACCVI),Alopecurus myosuroides (ALOMY), Amaranthus retroflexus (AMARE), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (AMBEL), Anagallis arvensis (ANGAR), Apera spica-venti (APESV), Arrhenatherum elatius (ARREB), Calystegia sepium (CAGSE), Capsella bursa-pastoris (CAPBP), Centaurea cyanus (CENCY), Chenopodium album (CHEAL), Chenopodium hybridum (CHEHY), Chenopodium polyspermum (CHEPO), Convolvulus arvensis (CONAR), Cynodon dactylon (CYNDA), Cyperus difformis (CYPDI), Cyperus iria (CYPIR), Datura stramonium (DATST), Daucus carota (DAUCA), Descurainia sophia (DESSO), Digitaria sanguinalis (DIGSA), Echinochloa crus-galli (ECHCG), Echinochloa colonum (ECHCO), Fumaria officinalis (FUMOF), Galium aparine (GALAP), Galinsoga quadriradiata (GASCI), Geranium dissectum (GERDI), Geranium mole (GERMO), Geranium pusillum (GERPU), Hibiscus trionum (HIBTR), Lamium amplexicaule (LAMAM), Lamium purpureum (LAMPU), Buglossoides arvensis (LITAR), Lolium multiflorum (LOLMU), Lolium perenne (LOLPE), Lolium rigidum (LOLRI), Matricaria chamomilla (MATCH), Tripleurospermum inodorum (MATIN), Mercurialis annua (MERAN), Panicum dichotomiflorum (PANDI), Panicum miliaceum (PANMI), Papaver rhoeas (PAPRH), Phalaris minor (PHAMI), Poa annua (POAAN), Polygonum aviculare (POLAV), Fallopia convolvulus (POLCO), Persicaria hydropiper (POLHY), Persicaria lapathifolia (POLLA), Persicaria maculosa (POLPE), Portulaca oleracea (POROL), Potentilla tridentate (PTLTR), Senecio vulgaris (SENVU), Setaria pumila (SETPU), Setaria viridis (SETVI), Solanum nigrum (SOLNI), Sorghum halepense (SORHA), Stellaria media (STEME), Trifolium incarnatum (TRFIN), Veronica arvensis (VERAR), Veronica hederifolia (VERHE), Veronica persica (VERPE), Viola arvensis (VIOAR), and Xanthium strumarium (XANST), and combinations thereof.

[0244] Embodiment L12. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Abutilon theophrasti (ABUTH).

[0245] Embodiment L13. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Acalypha virginica (ACCVI).

[0246] Embodiment L14. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Alopecurus myosuroides (ALOMY).

[0247] Embodiment L15. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Amaranthus retroflexus (AMARE).

[0248] Embodiment L16. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Ambrosia artemisiifolia (AMBEL).

[0249] Embodiment L17. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Anagallis arvensis (ANGAR).

[0250] Embodiment L18. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Apera spica-venti (APESV).

[0251] Embodiment L19. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Arrhenatherum elatius (ARREB).

[0252] Embodiment L20. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Calystegia sepium (CAGSE).

[0253] Embodiment L21. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Capsella bursa-pastoris (CAPBP).

[0254] Embodiment L22. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Centaurea cyanus (CENCY).

[0255] Embodiment L23. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Chenopodium album (CHEAL).

[0256] Embodiment L24. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Chenopodium hybridum (CHEHY).

[0257] Embodiment L25. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Chenopodium polyspermum (CHEPO).

[0258] Embodiment L26. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Convolvulus arvensis (CONAR).

[0259] Embodiment L27. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Cynodon dactylon (CYNDA).

[0260] Embodiment L28. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Cyperus difformis (CYPDI).

[0261] Embodiment L29. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Cyperus iria (CYPIR).

[0262] Embodiment L30. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Datura stramonium (DATST).

[0263] Embodiment L31. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Daucus carota (DAUCA).

[0264] Embodiment L32. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Descurainia sophia (DESSO).

[0265] Embodiment L33. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Digitaria sanguinalis (DIGSA).

[0266] Embodiment L34. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Echinochloa crus-galli (ECHCG).

[0267] Embodiment L35. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Echinochloa colonum (ECHCO).

[0268] Embodiment L36. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Fumaria officinalis (FUMOF).

[0269] Embodiment L37. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Galium aparine (GALAP).

[0270] Embodiment L38. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Galinsoga quadriradiata (GASCI).

[0271] Embodiment L39. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Geranium dissectum (GERDI).

[0272] Embodiment L40. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Geranium mole (GERMO).

[0273] Embodiment L41. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Geranium pusillum (GERPU).

[0274] Embodiment L42. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Hibiscus trionum (HIBTR).

[0275] Embodiment L43. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Lamium amplexicaule (LAMAM).

[0276] Embodiment L44. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Lamium purpureum (LAMPU).

[0277] Embodiment L45. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Buglossoides arvensis (LITAR).

[0278] Embodiment L46. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Lolium multiflorum (LOLMU).

[0279] Embodiment L47. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Lolium perenne (LOLPE).

[0280] Embodiment L48. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Lolium rigidum (LOLRI).

[0281] Embodiment L49. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Matricaria chamomilla (MATCH).

[0282] Embodiment L50. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Tripleurospermum inodorum (MATIN).

[0283] Embodiment L51. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Mercurialis annua (MERAN).

[0284] Embodiment L52. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Panicum dichotomiflorum (PANDI).

[0285] Embodiment L53. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Panicum miliaceum (PANMI).

[0286] Embodiment L54. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Papaver rhoeas (PAPRH).

[0287] Embodiment L55. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Phalaris minor (PHAMI).

[0288] Embodiment L56. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Poa annua (POAAN).

[0289] Embodiment L57. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Polygonum aviculare (POLAV).

[0290] Embodiment L58. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Fallopia convolvulus (POLCO).

[0291] Embodiment L59. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Persicaria hydropiper (POLHY).

[0292] Embodiment L60. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Persicaria lapathifolia (POLLA).

[0293] Embodiment L61. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Persicaria maculosa (POLPE).

[0294] Embodiment L62. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Portulaca oleracea (POROL).

[0295] Embodiment L63. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Potentilla tridentate (PTLTR).

[0296] Embodiment L64. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Senecio vulgaris (SENVU).

[0297] Embodiment L65. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Setaria pumila (SETPU).

[0298] Embodiment L66. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Setaria viridis (SETVI).

[0299] Embodiment L67. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Solanum nigrum (SOLNI).

[0300] Embodiment L68. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Sorghum halepense (SORHA).

[0301] Embodiment L69. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Stellaria media (STEME).

[0302] Embodiment L70. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Trifolium incarnatum (TRFIN).

[0303] Embodiment L71. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Veronica arvensis (VERAR).

[0304] Embodiment L72. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Veronica hederifolia (VERHE).

[0305] Embodiment L73. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Veronica persica (VERPE).

[0306] Embodiment L74. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Viola arvensis (VIOAR).

[0307] Embodiment L75. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the vegetation is Xanthium strumarium (XANST).

[0308] Embodiment L76. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the agrochemical composition is applied at a stage selected from pre-emergence, post-emergence, and combinations thereof.

[0309] Embodiment L77. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the agrochemical composition is applied at pre-emergence.

[0310] Embodiment L78. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the agrochemical composition is applied at post-emergence.

[0311] Embodiment L79. The method described in Embodiment L11, wherein the agrochemical composition is applied at pre-emergence and post-emergence.

[0312] Compositions according to the present disclosure may be in any suitable form of agrochemical compositions known in the art. In some embodiments, formulations of compositions in accordance with the present disclosure are selected from capsule suspension concentrates (CS), mixtures of suspension concentrates (SC) and capsule suspension concentrates (CS) formulations (ZC), flowable concentrates for seed treatment (FS), granules (GR), mixed formulations of capsule suspension concentrates (CS) and aqueous suspo-emulsions (SE) formulations (ZE), mixtures of capsule suspension concentrates (CS) and oil-in-water emulsions (EW) formulations (ZW), wettable powders (WP), and combinations thereof. Particularly preferred formulations of compositions in accordance with the present disclosure are capsule suspension concentrates (CS) and mixtures of suspension concentrates (SC) and capsule suspension concentrates (CS) formulations (ZC).

[0313] Compositions in accordance with the present disclosure may be formulated with further suitable formulation components known in the art. For example, compositions in accordance with the present disclosure may be formulated using known auxiliaries, adjuvants, diluents, solvents, dispersants, surfactants, protective colloids, thickeners, penetrating agents, stabilizers, sequestering agents, anti-caking agents, coloring agents, pigments, corrosion inhibitors, biocides, antifoamers, antifreeze agents, rheology modifiers, and combinations thereof.

[0314] The term surfactant, as used herein, means an agriculturally acceptable material which imparts emulsifiability, stability, spreading, wetting, dispersibility or other surface-modifying properties. Examples of suitable surfactants include lignin sulfonates, fatty acid sulfonates (e.g. lauryl sulfonate), the condensation product of formaldehyde with naphthalene sulfonate, alkylarylsulfonates, ethoxylated alkylphenols, and ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Other known surfactants that have been used with herbicides are also acceptable.

[0315] Suitable diluents may be added during the formulation process, after the formulation process (e.g. by the user – a farmer or custom applicator), or both. The term diluent includes all liquid and solid agriculturally acceptable material-including carriers which may be added to the herbicides to bring them in a suitable application or commercial form and include solvents, emulsifiers, and dispersants. Examples of suitable solid diluents or carriers are aluminum silicate, talc, calcined magnesia, kieselguhr, tricalcium phosphate, powdered cork, absorbent carbon black, chalk, silica, and clays such as kaolin and bentonite. Examples of suitable liquid diluents include water, organic solvents (e.g. acetophenone, cyclohexanone, isophorone, toluene, xylene, petroleum distillates), amines (e.g. ethanolamine, dimethylformamide), and mineral, animal, and vegetable oils (used alone or in combination).

[0316] Compositions in accordance with the present disclosure may also be formulated with further suitable additional active ingredients known in the art. An additional active ingredient may be utilized if broadening of the spectrum of control or preventing the build-up of resistance is desired. Suitable additional active ingredients include the any further herbicide, herbicide safener, insecticide, fungicide, nematocide that does not extinguish the biological activity of the compositions. Suitable additional active ingredients can also be formulated outside the compositions (e.g., separate from the microcapsules, but within the same formulation).

[0317] In many embodiments, the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of insecticides, herbicides, biopesticides, nematicides, bactericides, and fungicides. General references for these active ingredients (i.e. insecticides, fungicides, nematocides, acaricides, herbicides and biological agents) include The Pesticide Manual, 13th Edition, C. D. S. Tomlin, Ed., British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, Surrey, U.K., 2003 and The BioPesticide Manual, 2ndEdition, L. G. Copping, Ed., British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, Surrey, U.K., 2001.

[0318] Examples of insecticides include abamectin, acephate, acequinocyl, acetamiprid, acrinathrin, acynonapyr, afidopyropen ([(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-6,12-dihydroxy-4,6a,12b- trimethyl-11-oxo-9-(3-pyridinyl)-2H,11H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrano[3,4-e]pyran-4-yl]methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate), amidoflumet, amitraz, avermectin, azadirachtin, azinphos-methyl, benfuracarb, bensultap, benzpyrimoxan, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bifenazate, bistrifluron, borate, broflanilide, buprofezin, cadusafos, carbaryl, carbofuran, cartap, carzol, chlorfenapyr, chlorfluazuron, chloroprallethrin, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-e, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chromafenozide, clofentezin, chloroprallethrin, clothianidin, cycloprothrin, cycloxaprid ((5S,8R)- 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-9-nitro-5,8-Epoxy-1H-imidazo[1,2- a]azepine), cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma- cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyromazine, deltamethrin, diafenthiuron, diazinon, dicloromesotiaz, dieldrin, diflubenzuron, dimefluthrin, dimehypo, dimethoate, dimpropyridaz, dinotefuran, diofenolan, emamectin, emamectin benzoate, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, ethiprole, etofenprox, epsilon-metofluthrin, etoxazole, fenbutatin oxide, fenitrothion, fenothiocarb, fenoxycarb, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, fipronil, flometoquin (2-ethyl-3,7-dimethyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]-4-quinolinyl methyl carbonate), flonicamid, fluazaindolizine, flucythrinate, flufenerim, flufenoxuron, flufenoxystrobin (methyl (αE)-2-[[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl]-α- (methoxymethylene)benzeneacetate), fluensulfone (5-chloro-2-[(3,4,4-trifluoro-3-buten-1- yl)sulfonyl]thiazole), fluhexafon, fluopyram, flupiprole (1-[2,6-dichloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-[(2-methyl-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H- pyrazole-3-carbonitrile), flupyradifurone (4-[[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl](2,2- difluoroethyl)amino]-2(5H)-furanone), flupyrimin, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, fluxametamide, fonophos, formetanate, fosthiazate, gamma-cyhalothrin, halofenozide, heptafluthrin ([2,3,5,6- tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-[(1Z)-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propen-1- yl]cyclopropanecarboxylate), hexaflumuron, hexythiazox, hydramethylnon, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, insecticidal soaps, isofenphos, isocycloseram, kappa-tefluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, lufenuron, malathion, meperfluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl (1R,3S)-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), metaflumizone, metaldehyde, methamidophos, methidathion, methiocarb, methomyl, methoprene, methoxychlor, metofluthrin, methoxyfenozide, epsilon-metofluthrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, monocrotophos, monofluorothrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 3-(2-cyano-1-propen-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), nicotine, nitenpyram, nithiazine, novaluron, noviflumuron, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylthio)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4- carboxamide, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4- carboxamide, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4- carboxamide, N-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1- (difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, oxamyl, oxazosulfyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, permethrin, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, pirimicarb, profenofos, profluthrin, propargite, protrifenbute, pyflubumide (1,3,5-trimethyl-N-(2-methyl-1- oxopropyl)-N-[3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methoxy-1- (trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide), pymetrozine, pyrafluprole, pyrethrin, pyridaben, pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazon, pyriminostrobin (methyl (αE)-2-[[[2-[(2,4- dichlorophenyl)amino]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]oxy]methyl]-α- (methoxymethylene)benzeneacetate), pyriprole, pyriproxyfen, rotenone, ryanodine, silafluofen, spinetoram, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spiropidion, spirotetramat, sulprofos, sulfoxaflor (N-[methyloxido[1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]ethyl]-λ4- sulfanylidene]cyanamide), tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4- (methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiodicarb, thiosultap-sodium, tioxazafen (3-phenyl-5-(2-thienyl)-1,2,4- oxadiazole), tolfenpyrad, tralomethrin, triazamate, trichlorfon, triflumezopyrim (2,4-dioxo-1-(5- pyrimidinylmethyl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinium inner salt), triflumuron, tyclopyrazoflor, zeta-cypermethrin, Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins, entomopathogenic bacteria, entomopathogenic viruses or entomopathogenic fungi, can combinations thereof.

[0319] Examples of insecticides also include diamides, such as chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, bromoantraniliprole, dichlorantraniliprole, tetraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, cyhalodiamide, and flubendiamide.

[0320] Examples of fungicides include fungicides such as acibenzolar-S-methyl, aldimorph, ametoctradin, aminopyrifen, amisulbrom, anilazine, azaconazole, azoxystrobin, benalaxyl (including benalaxyl-M), benodanil, benomyl, benthiavalicarb (includingbenthiavalicarb-isopropyl), benzovindiflupyr, bethoxazin, binapacryl, biphenyl, bitertanol, bixafen, blasticidin-S, boscalid, bromuconazole, bupirimate, buthiobate, carboxin, carpropamid, captafol, captan, carbendazim, chloroneb, chlorothalonil, chlozolinate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, coumoxystrobin, cyazofamid, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, dichlobentiazox, dichlofluanid, diclocymet, diclomezine, dicloran, diethofencarb, difenoconazole, diflumetorim, dimethirimol, dimethomorph, dimoxystrobin, diniconazole (including diniconazole-M), dinocap, dipymetitrone, dithianon, dithiolanes, dodemorph, dodine, econazole, etaconazole, edifenphos, enoxastrobin (also known as enestroburin), epoxiconazole, ethaboxam, ethirimol, etridiazole, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenaminstrobin, fenarimol, fenbuconazole, fenfuram, fenhexamide, fenoxanil, fenpiclonil, fenpicoxamid, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fenpyrazamine, fentin acetate, fentin hydroxide, ferbam, ferimzone, flometoquin, florylpicoxamid, fluopimomide, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flufenoxystrobin, fluindapyr, flumorph, fluopicolide, fluopyram, fluoxapiprolin, fluoxastrobin, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flusulfamide, flutianil, flutolanil, flutriafol, fluxapyroxad, folpet, fthalide (also known as phthalide), fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furametpyr, hexaconazole, hymexazole, guazatine, imazalil, imibenconazole, iminoctadine albesilate, iminoctadine triacetate, inpyrfluxam, iodicarb, ipconazole, ipfentrifluconazole, ipflufenoquin, isofetamid, iprobenfos, iprodione, iprovalicarb, isoflucypram, isoprothiolane, isopyrazam, isotianil, kasugamycin, kresoxim-methyl, lancotrione, mancozeb, mandipropamid, mandestrobin, maneb, mapanipyrin, mefentrifluconazole, mepronil, meptyldinocap, metalaxyl (including metalaxyl-M / mefenoxam), metconazole, methasulfocarb, metiram, metominostrobin, metyltetraprole, metrafenone, myclobutanil, naftitine, neo-asozin (ferric methanearsonate), nuarimol, octhilinone, ofurace, orysastrobin, oxadixyl, oxathiapiprolin, oxolinic acid, oxpoconazole, oxycarboxin, oxytetracycline, penconazole, pencycuron, penflufen, penthiopyrad, perfurazoate, phosphorous acid (including salts thereof, e.g., fosetyl-aluminm), picoxystrobin, piperalin, polyoxin, probenazole, prochloraz, procymidone, propamocarb, propiconazole, propineb, proquinazid, prothiocarb, prothioconazole, pydiflumetofen (Adepidyn®), pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyrapropoyne, pyraoxystrobin, pyraziflumid, pyrazophos, pyribencarb, pyributacarb, pyridachlometyl, pyrifenox, pyriofenone, perisoxazole, pyrimethanil, pyrifenox, pyrrolnitrin, pyroquilon, quinconazole, quinmethionate, quinofumelin, quinoxyfen, quintozene, silthiofam, sedaxane, simeconazole, spiroxamine, streptomycin, sulfur, tebuconazole, tebufloquin,teclofthalam, tecloftalam, tecnazene, terbinafine, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, thifluzamide, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, tiadinil, tolclofos-methyl, tolprocarb, tolyfluanid, triadimefon, triadimenol, triarimol, triazoxide, tribasic copper sulfate, triclopyricarb, tridemorph, trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, trimoprhamide tricyclazole, trifloxystrobin, triforine, triticonazole, uniconazole, validamycin, valifenalate (also known as valifenal), vinclozolin, zineb, ziram, zoxamide, 1-[4-[4-[5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-isoxazolyl]-2-thiazolyl]-1-piperidinyl]- 2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone, and combinations thereof.

[0321] Examples of nematicides include fluopyram, spirotetramat, thiodicarb, fosthiazate, abamectin, iprodione, fluensulfone, dimethyl disulfide, tioxazafen, 1,3- dichloropropene (1,3-D), metam (sodium and potassium), dazomet, chloropicrin, fenamiphos, ethoprophos, cadusaphos, terbufos, imicyafos, oxamyl, carbofuran, tioxazafen, Bacillus firmus, Pasteuria nishizawae, and combinations thereof. An example of a bactericide is streptomycin. Examples of acaricides include amitraz, chinomethionat, chlorobenzilate, cyhexatin, dicofol, dienochlor, etoxazole, fenazaquin, fenbutatin oxide, fenpropathrin, fenpyroximate, hexythiazox, propargite, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, and combinations thereof.

[0322] Examples of herbicides include acetochlor, acifluorfen and its sodium salt, aclonifen, acrolein (2-propenal), alachlor, alloxydim, ametryn, amicarbazone, amidosulfuron, aminocyclopyrachlor and its esters (e.g., methyl, ethyl) and salts (e.g., sodium, potassium), aminopyralid, amitrole, ammonium sulfamate, anilofos, asulam, atrazine, azimsulfuron, bixlozone, beflubutamid, beflubutamid-M, benazolin, benazolin-ethyl, bencarbazone, benfluralin, benfuresate, benquinotrione, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, bentazone, benzobicyclon, benzofenap, bicyclopyrone, bifenox, bilanafos, bipyrazone, bispyribac and its sodium salt, broclozone, bromacil, bromobutide, bromofenoxim, bromoxynil, bromoxynil octanoate, butachlor, butafenacil, butamifos, butralin, butroxydim, butylate, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, catechin, chlomethoxyfen, chloramben, chlorbromuron, chlorflurenol- methyl, chloridazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorotoluron, chlorpropham, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorthiamid, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, clacyfos, clefoxydim, clethodim, clodinafop-propargyl, clomazone, clomeprop, clopyralid, clopyralid-olamine, cloransulam-methyl, cumyluron, cyanazine, cycloate, cyclopyranil, cyclopyrimorate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop-butyl, cypyrafluone, 2,4-D and its butotyl, butyl, isoctyland isopropyl esters and its dimethylammonium, diolamine and trolamine salts, daimuron, dalapon, dalapon-sodium, dazomet, 2,4-DB and its dimethylammonium, potassium and sodium salts, desmedipham, desmetryn, dicamba and its diglycolammonium, dimethylammonium, potassium and sodium salts, dichlobenil, dichlorprop, diclofop-methyl, diclosulam, difenzoquat metilsulfate, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, dimefuron, dimesulfazet, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, dimethipin, dimethylarsinic acid and its sodium salt, dinitramine, dinoterb, dioxopyritrione, diphenamid, diquat dibromide, dithiopyr, diuron, DNOC, endothal, EPTC, epyrifenacil, esprocarb, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethiozin, ethofumesate, ethoxyfen, ethoxysulfuron, etobenzanid, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenoxasulfone, fenpyrazone, fenquinotrione, fentrazamide, fenuron, fenuron-TCA, flamprop-methyl, flamprop-M-isopropyl, flamprop-M-methyl, flazasulfuron, florasulam, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, fluazolate, flucarbazone, flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin, fluchloraminopyr, flufenacet, flufenoximacil, flufenpyr, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumetsulam, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluometuron, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, flupoxam, flupyrsulfuron-methyl and its sodium salt, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, fluridone, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, flurtamone, flusulfinam, fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafen, foramsulfuron, fosamine-ammonium, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, L-glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-P, glyphosate and its salts such as ammonium, isopropylammonium, potassium, sodium (including sesquisodium) and trimesium (alternatively named sulfosate), halauxifen, halauxifen-methyl, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxyfop-etotyl, haloxyfop-methyl, hexazinone, hydantocidin, icafolin, icafolin-methyl, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazaquin-ammonium, imazethapyr, imazethapyr-ammonium, imazosulfuron, indanofan, indaziflam, indolauxipyr, indolauxipyr-cyanomethyl, indolauxipyr-propargyl, iofensulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl, ioxynil, ioxynil octanoate, ioxynil-sodium, ipfencarbazone, iptriazopyrid, isoproturon, isouron, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, lactofen, lancotrione, lenacil, linuron, maleic hydrazide, MCPA and its salts (e.g., MCPA-dimethylammonium, MCPA- potassium and MCPA-sodium, esters (e.g., MCPA-2-ethylhexyl, MCPA-butotyl) and thioesters (e.g., MCPA-thioethyl), MCPB and its salts (e.g., MCPB-sodium) and esters (e.g., MCPB-ethyl), mecoprop, mecoprop-P, mefenacet, mefluidide, mesosulfuron-methyl, mesotrione, metam-sodium, metamifop, metamitron, metazachlor, metazosulfuron, methabenzthiazuron, methylarsonic acid and its calcium, monoammonium, monosodium and disodium salts,methyldymron, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, metosulam, metoxuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron-methyl, molinate, monolinuron, naproanilide, napropamide, napropamide-M, naptalam, neburon, nicosulfuron, norflurazon, orbencarb, orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxasulfuron, oxaziclomefone, oxyfluorfen, paraquat dichloride, pebulate, pelargonic acid, pendimethalin, penoxsulam, pentanochlor, pentoxazone, perfluidone, pethoxamid, pethoxyamid, phenmedipham, picloram, picloram-potassium, picolinafen, pinoxaden, piperophos, pretilachlor, primisulfuron-methyl, prodiamine, profoxydim, prometon, prometryn, propachlor, propanil, propaquizafop, propazine, propham, propisochlor, propoxycarbazone, propyrisulfuron, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraclonil, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyraquinate, pyrasulfotole, pyrazogyl, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyribenzoxim, pyributicarb, pyridate, pyriflubenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam, quinclorac, quinmerac, quinoclamine, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, rimsulfuron, saflufenacil, sethoxydim, siduron, simazine, simetryn, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, 2,3,6-TBA, TCA, TCA-sodium, tebutam, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tepraloxydim, terbacil, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, tetflupyrolimet, thenylchlor, thiazopyr, thiencarbazone, thifensulfuron-methyl, thiobencarb, tiafenacil, tiocarbazil, tolpyralate, topramezone, tralkoxydim, tri-allate, triafamone, triasulfuron, triaziflam, tribenuron-methyl, triclopyr, triclopyr-butotyl, triclopyr-triethylammonium, tridiphane, trietazine, trifloxysulfuron, trifludimoxazin, trifluralin, triflusulfuron-methyl, tripyrasulfone, tritosulfuron, vernolate, 3-(2-chloro-3,6-difluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,5-naphthyridin- 2(1H)-one, 5-chloro-3-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)carbonyl]-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)- 2(1H)-quinoxalinone, 2-chloro-N-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3- pyridinecarboxamide, 7-(3,5-dichloro-4-pyridinyl)-5-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-8-hydroxypyrido[2,3- b]pyrazin-6(5H)-one), 4-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)- pyridazinone), 5-[[(2,6-difluorophenyl)methoxy]methyl]-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(3-methyl-2- thienyl)isoxazole (previously methioxolin), 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1- cyclohexen-1-yl)carbonyl]-2-methyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione, methyl 4-amino-3-chloro- 6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-fluoro-2-pyridinecarboxylate, 2-methyl-3- (methylsulfonyl)-N-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, 2-methyl-N-(4- methyl-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-3-(methylsulfinyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, or theirenvironmentally compatible salts, "acids", esters and amides. Other herbicides also include bioherbicides such as Alternaria destruens Simmons, Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc., Drechsiera monoceras (MTB-951), Myrothecium verrucaria (Albertini & Schweinitz) Ditmar: Fries, Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.) Butl., Puccinia thlaspeos Schub, or their environmentally compatible salts, "acids", esters and amides.

[0323] Examples of herbicides also include acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors (ACC), for example cyclohexenone oxime ethers, such as alloxydim, clethodim, cloproxydim, cycloxydim, sethoxydim, tralkoxydim, butroxydim, clefoxydim or tepraloxydim; phenoxyphenoxypropionic esters, such as clodinafop-propargyl, cyhalofopbutyl, diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenthiapropethyl, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl, isoxapyrifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P-ethyl or quizalofop-tefuryl; or arylaminopropionic acids, such as flamprop-methyl or flamprop-isopropyl; p-hydroxyphenylpyruvat-dioxygenase (HPPD)- inhibitors, for example pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, benzofenap, sulcotrione, isoxaflutole, mesotrione, isoxachlortole, ketospiradox, tembotrione; acetolactate synthase inhibitors (ALS), for example imidazolinones, such as imazapyr, imazaquin, imazamethabenz-methyl (imazame), imazamox, imazapic or imazethapyr; pyrimidyl ethers, such as pyrithiobac-acid, pyrithiobac- sodium, bispyribac-sodium or pyribenzoxym; sulfonamides, such as cloransulam, diclosulam, florasulam, flumetsulam, metosulam or penoxsulam; or sulfonylureas, such as amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuronethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuronethyl, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron-methyl or -3- oxetanyl, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, triflusulfuron- methyl or tritosulfuron; amides, for example allidochlor, benzoylprop-ethyl, bromobutide, chlorthiamid, diphenamid, etobenzanid (benzchlomet), fluthiamide, fosamin or monalide; auxin herbicides, for example pyridinecarboxylic acids, such as clopyralid or picloram; 2,4-D or benazolin; auxin transport inhibitors, for example naptalame or diflufenzopyr; carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors, for example amitrol, diflufenican, fluorochloridone, fluridone, flurtamone, norflurazon or picolinafen; enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitors (EPSPS), for example glyphosate or sulfosate; glutamine synthetase inhibitors, for example bilanafos(bialaphos) or glufosinate-ammonium; lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, for example anilides, such as anilofos or mefenacet; chloroacetanilides, such as dimethenamid, S-dimethenamid, acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, butenachlor, diethatyl-ethyl, dimethachlor, metazachlor, metolachlor, S- metolachlor, pretilachlor, propachlor, prynachlor, terbuchlor, thenylchlor or xylachlor; thioureas, such as butylate, cycloate, di-allate, dimepiperate, EPTC, esprocarb, molinate, pebulate, prosulfocarb, thiobencarb (benthiocarb), tri-allate or vernolate; or benfuresate or perfluidone; mitosis inhibitors, for example carbamates, such as asulam, carbetamid, chlorpropham, orbencarb, propyzamid, propham or tiocarbazil; dinitroanilines, such as benefin, butralin, dinitramin, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine or trifluralin; pyridines, such as dithiopyr or thiazopyr; or butamifos, chlorthal-dimethyl (DCPA) or maleic hydrazide; protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitors, for example diphenyl ethers, such as acifluorfen, acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, bifenox, chlornitrofen (CNP), ethoxyfen, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fomesafen, furyloxyfen, lactofen, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen or oxyfluorfen; oxadiazoles, such as oxadiargyl or oxadiazon; cyclic imides, such as azafenidin, butafenacil, carfentrazone-ethyl, cinidon-ethyl, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, flupropacil, fluthiacet-methyl, sulfentrazone or thidiazimin; or pyrazoles, such as ET-751, JV 485 or nipyraclofen; photosynthesis inhibitors, for example propanil, pyridate or pyridafol; benzothiadiazinones, such as bentazone; dinitrophenols, for example bromofenoxim, dinoseb, dinoseb-acetate, dinoterb or DNOC; dipyridylenes, such as cyperquat-chloride, difenzoquat- methylsulfate, diquat or paraquat-dichloride; ureas, such as chlorbromuron, chlorotoluron, difenoxuron, dimefuron, diuron, ethidimuron, fenuron, fluometuron, isoproturon, isouron, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, methazole, metobenzuron, metoxuron, monolinuron, neburon, siduron or tebuthiuron; phenols, such as bromoxynil or ioxynil; chloridazon; triazines, such as ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, desmetryn, dimethamethryn, hexazinone, prometon, prometryn, propazine, simazine, simetryn, terbumeton, terbutryn, terbutylazine or trietazine; triazinones, such as metamitron or metribuzin; uracils, such as bromacil, lenacil or terbacil; or biscarbamates, such as desmedipham or phenmedipham; growth substances, for example aryloxyalkanoic acids, such as 2,4-DB, clomeprop, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P (2,4-DP-P), fluoroxypyr, MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop, mecoprop-P or triclopyr; benzoic acids, such as chloramben or dicamba; or quinolinecarboxylic acids, such as quinclorac or quinmerac; cell wall synthesis inhibitors, for example isoxaben or dichlobenil; various other herbicides, for example dichloropropionic acids,such as dalapon; dihydrobenzofurans, such as ethofumesate; henylacetic acids, such as chlorfenac (fenac); or aziprotryn, barban, bensulide, benzthiazuron, benzofluor, buminafos, buthidazole, buturon, cafenstrole, chlorbufam, chlorfenprop-methyl, chloroxuron, cinmethylin, cumyluron, cycluron, cyprazine, cyprazole, dibenzyluron, dipropetryn, dymron, eglinazin-ethyl, endothall, ethiozin, flucabazone, fluorbentranil, flupoxam, isocarbamid, isopropalin, karbutilate, mefluidide, monuron, napropamide, napropanilide, nitralin, oxaciclomefone, phenisopham, piperophos, procyazine, profluralin, pyributicarb, secbumeton, sulfallate (CDEC), terbucarb, triaziflam, triazofenamid or trimeturon; or their environmentally compatible salts, "acids", esters and amides.

[0324] Examples of Coleopteran pheromones include ((1S,5R)-6,6- Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-2-yl)-methanol, ((2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(5- oxoisoxazol-2(5H)-yl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-methyl 3-nitropropanoate, (1R)-2,2-Dimethyl- 3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, (1R,1R,5R,7R)-exo-1-(5-Methyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct- 7-yl)-ethanol, (1R,2R,5S,7R)-exo-7-Ethyl-5-methyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-ol, (1R,2R,5S,7S)-endo-7-Ethyl-5-methyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-ol, (1R,2R,6S)-4,4,6- Trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-ol, (1R,2S)-1-Methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)- cyclobutaneacetic acid, (1R,2S)-cis-2-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclobutane ethyl acetate, (1R,2S)- cis-2-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclobutaneethanal, (1R,2S,6R)-2,6-Dimethyl-3- oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-2-carbaldehyde, (1R,2S,6R)-2-Hydroxymethyl-2,6-dimethyl-3- oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octane, (1R,4R,5R)-5-Hydroxy-4-[(E)-7-hydroxy-4-methylhept-3-enyl]4,8- dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-7-en-2,6-dione, (1R,5R)-4,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept- 3-en-2-ol, (1R,5R)-6,6-Dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-one, (1R,5S)-1,5-Dimethyl- 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, (1R,5S)-6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-carbaldehyde, (1R,5S,7R)-exo-7-Ethyl-5-methyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, (1R,5S,7S)-endo-7-Ethyl-5- methyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, (1R,6R)-2,2,6-Trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-4-one, (1R,7R)-2,2,10-trimethyl-6-methylene-bicyclo[5.4.0]undec-10-ene, (1S,2R)-2,6,6- Trimethylbicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-en-9-one, (1S,2R)-cis-2-Isopropenyl-1- methylcyclobutaneethanol, (1S,2R,4S,5R)-5-Ethyl-2,4-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, (1S,2R,5R)-2-Ethyl-1,5-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, (1S,3R,5R,7R)-1-Ethyl-3,5,7- trimethyl-2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, (1S,3R,5R,7S)-1-Ethyl-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,8- dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, (1S,4R,5S)-5-Hydroxy-4-[(E)-7-hydroxy-4-methylhept-3-enyl]4,8- dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-7-en-2,6-dione, (1S,4R,5S,8S)-5-Hydroxy-4-[(E)-7-hydroxy-4-methylhept-3-enyl]4,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-2,6-dione, (1S,5R,7S)-5-Ethyl-7- methyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, (1S,6S)-4,4,6-Trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2- one, (2alpha,3beta,5alpha)-Aspidofractinine-3-methanol, (2R)-2-Hydroxyhexan-3-one, (2R,3R)- 2,3-Butanediol, (2S)-2-Hydroxyhexan-3-one, (2S)-6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-ol, (2S,3R)-1- Ethylpropyl 2-methyl-3-hydroxypentanoate, (2S,3S)-2,3-Butanediol, (2S,3S)-2,3-Octanediol, (2S,3S)-2-Amino-3-methylpentanoic acid, (2S,3S)-Methyl 2-acetamido-3-methylpentanoate, (2S,4E)-2-Hydroxy-4-octen-3-one, (2S,5R)-2-Ethyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane, (3R)-3- Hydroxydecan-2-one, (3R)-3-Methylheptanoic acid, (3R,4E)-3-Hydroxy-4-octen-2-one, (3R,4R)- 3-Methyl-4-(1,3,5,7-tetramethyloctyl)-oxetan-2-one, (3R,6R)-3-Hydroxy-2,2,6- trimethyltetrahydropyran, (3S)-3,7-Dimethyl-2-oxo-6-octene-1,3-diol, (3S,4S)-4-Methylheptan- 3-ol, (3S,4S)-4-Methylhexan-3-ol, (3S,9R,9aS)-3-hydroxy-3,5,5,9-tetramethyl- 5,6,7,8,9,9ahexahydro-1H-benzo[7]annulen-2(3H)-one, (4S,5R)-5-Hydroxy-4-methylheptan-3- one, (4S,5S)-4-Methylnonan-5-ol, (4S,5S)-5-Hydroxy-4-methylheptan-3-one, (4S,5S)-5- Methyloctan-4-ol, (6R,12R)-6,12-Dimethylpentadecan-2-one, (6R,7S )-2,2,6,10- Tetramethylbicyclo[5.4.0]-undeca-1(11),9-diene, (6R,7S )-2,2,6-Trimethyl-10-methylene- bicyclo[5.4.0]-undec-1(11)-ene, (6R,7S)-Himachala-9,11-diene, (E)-2-(3,3- Dimethylcyclohexylidene)-acetaldehyde, (E)-2-(3,3-Dimethylcyclohexylidene)-acetic acid, (E)- 2-(3,3-Dimethylcyclohexylidene)-ethanol, (E)-2,6-Dimethyl-6-octen-2-ol, (E)-2-cis-6,7- Epoxynonenal, (E)-2-Methyl-6-methylene-3,7-octadien-2-ol, (E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal, (E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienoic acid, (E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl decanoate, (E)-3,7- Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl heptanoate, (E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl nonanoate, (E)-3-Eicosen- 1-ol, (E)-3-Methyl-7-methylene-1,3,8-nonatriene, (E)-4-Ethyl-4-octenoic acid, (E)-4-Octen-2,3- dione, (E)-7-Tetradecen-2-one, (E)-8-Hydroxy-6-methyl-6-octen-3-one, (E)-9,11-Dodecadienyl butanoate, (E)-9,11-Dodecadienyl butyrate, (E)-9,11-Dodecadienyl hexanoate, (E,E)-3,7,11- Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol, (E,E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienyl 3- methylbutanoate, (E,E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienyl acetate, (E,E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl- 2,6,10-dodecatrienyl decanoate, (E,E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienyl heptanoate, (E,E)- 3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienyl hexanoate, (E,E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienyl nonanoate, (E,E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienyl octanoate, (E,E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl- 2,6,10-dodecatrienyl pentanoate, (E,E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienyl propionate, (E,E,E)-2,4,6-Nonatrienal, (E,E,E)-3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-hexadecatetraen-1-ol,(E,E,E)-3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-hexadecatetraenyl acetate, (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-Nonatrienal, (E,Z)-2,4-Heptadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-2,4-Heptadienal, (E,Z)-2,6-Nonadienal, (E,Z)-6,8- Pentadecadienal, (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-Nonatrienal, (E,Z,Z)-2,6,9-Pentadecatrienal, (R)-(Z)-7,15- Hexadecadien-4-olide, (R)-1,1,5,8-Tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentahydrobenzo[a][7]annulene, (R)-2- Methylheptan-4-ol, (R)-2-Methyloctan-4-ol, (R)-3,7-Dimethyl-6-octenal, (R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2- one, (R)-3-Methylhentriacontane, (R)-3-Methylpentacosane, (R)-3-Methyltricosane, (R)-7- Methylheptacosane, (R)-7-Methylpentacosane, (R)-9-Methylheptacosane, (R)-9- Methylpentacosane, (R)-Butan-2-ol, (S)-(Z)-5-(Dec-1-enyl)-oxacyclopentan-2-one, (S)-11- Methylheptacosane, (S)-2-(5-Methylcyclohexa-2,4-dienyl)-propan-2-ol, (S)-2-Methyloctan-4-ol, (S)-6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl-methanol, (S)-Butan-2-ol, (Z)-11-Octadecenyl acetate, (Z)-18-Heptacosen-10-one, (Z)-2-(3,3-Dimethylcyclohexylidene)-acetaldehyde, (Z)-2- (3,3-Dimethylcyclohexylidene)-ethanol, (Z)-21-Methyl-8-pentatriacontene, (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl- 2,6-octadien-1-ol, (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal, (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl 3- methylbutanoate, (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl butyrate, (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl decanoate, (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl hexanoate, (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl octanoate, (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-3,6-octadien-1-ol, (Z)-3-Decen-1-ol, (Z)-3-Decenyl (E)-2- hexenoate, (Z)-3-Decenyl (E)-3-hexenoate, (Z)-3-Nonenyl (E)-2-hexenoate, (Z)-4-Decen-9-olide, (Z)-7,15-Hexadecadien-4-olide, (Z)-7-Heptacosene, (Z)-7-Hexadecene, (Z)-7-Pentacosene, (Z)-7- Tetradecen-2-one, (Z)-9-Heptacosene, (Z)-9-Nonacosene, (Z)-9-Pentacosene, (Z)-9-Tricosene, (Z,E)-2,6-Dimethyl-2,6-octadiene-1,8-diyl dihexanoate, (Z,E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10- dodecatrienyl hexanoate, (Z,Z)-18,21-Heptacosadien-10-one, (Z,Z)-6,9-Heptacosadiene, (Z,Z)- 6,9-Pentacosadiene, (Z,Z,Z)-18,21,24-Heptacosatrien-10-one, 1,3-Dimethyl-2,4-(1H,3H)- quinazolinedione, 1,3-Docosadiene, 10,14,18-Trimethyltetratriacontane, 10,14- Dimethylhexacosane, 10,16,22-Trimethylhexatriacontane, 10-Methyleicosane, 10- Methyloctacosane, 10-Oxoisopiperitenone, 11,13,15-Trimethylnonacosane, 11,13- Dimethylheptacosane, 11,13-Dimethylpentacosane, 11,15,19-Trimethylhentriacontane, 11,15,19- Trimethylheptatriacontane, 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one, 3,5,7- Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one, 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4- dihydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one, Eicosyl acetate, Glucocapparin, Glucocheirolin, Glucoiberin, Glucotropaeolin, Hypericin, Myricitrin, Oxalic acid, Quercitrin, Rutin, Sinalbin, Sinigrin monohydrate, (10R)-10-Methyltridecan-2-one, (2S,8R)-8-Methyldecan-2-yl acetate,(2S,8R)-8-Methyldecan-2-yl propionate, (E)-2-Nonenal, (E)-3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-acrylonitrile, (E)-3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, (E)-3-Phenyl-2-propenal, (E)-4-(2,6,6- Trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)-3-buten-2-one, (E,E)-3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-1,6,10,14- hexadecatetraene-3-ol, (R,S)-3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol, (Z)-3-Hexenal, (Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate, (Z,E)-1,5-Dimethyl-8-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,5-cyclodecadiene, 1,2,4-Trimethoxybenzene, 1,2-Dimethoxybenzene, 1,4-Dimethoxybenzene, 10-Methyltridecan-2-one, 2,3-Benzopyrrole, 2- Methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)-phenol, 2-Methoxy-4-propylphenol, 2-Methylbutanoic acid, 2- Phenylethylamine, 3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-propenal, 3-Butenylisothiocyanate, 3- Butenylthiocyanate, 3-Isothiocyanatopropene, 3-Phenyl-2-propen-1-ol, 4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-1- cyclohexenyl)-butan-2-one, 8-Methyldecan-2-yl propionate, Axillaridine, Butylthiocyanate, cis- 2-(Tetrahydro-5-methyl-5-vinylfuran-2-yl)-propan-2-ol, Heptan-1-ol, Hexadecanoic acid, Hexan- 3-ol, Hexanoic acid, Monocrotaline, Octan-1-ol, Octan-3-ol, syn-Benzaldoxime, trans-2- (Tetrahydro-5-methyl-5-vinylfuran-2-yl)-propan-2-ol, ((1R,3R)-2,2,3-Trimethyl-4- methylenecyclopentyl)-methanol, (3S,8R)-2-Methyl-5-(1-formylethyl)-1-cyclopentene-1- carbaldehyde, (3S,8S)-2-Methyl-5-(1-formylethyl)-1-cyclopentene-1-carbaldehyde, (4R)-4,7- Dimethyl-4alpha,5-dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-3(4H)-one, (4S)-4,7-Dimethyl-4alpha,5- dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-3(4H)-one, (E,E)-3,5-Octadien-2-one, (E,Z)-3,7-Decadien-2-one, (S)- 2-Amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-propanoic acid, (S)-2-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid, (S)-2-Amino- 5-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-5-oxopentanoic acid, (S)-2-Methylbutanoic acid, (Z)-11-Eicosenyl acetate, (Z)-2-Aminohexa-3,5-dienoic acid, (Z)-3-Hexenyl 2-methylbutanoate, (Z)-3-Hexenyl isobutyrate, (Z)-9-Octadecenyl acetate, 1,8,9-Trihydroxyanthracene, 1,8-Dihydroxy-3-methyl- 9,10-anthraquinone, 1,8-Dihydroxy-3-methylanthrone, 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone, 22-Acetyl- 20-hydroxyecdysone, 2-Aminoethanol, 2-Methyl-5-(1-formylethyl)-1-cyclopentene-1- carbaldehyde, 2-Methylpropanoic acid, 2-Phenylethyl 2-methylpropionate, 2-Phenylethyl-2- methylbutanoate, 5-(1-Formylethyl)-2-methyl-2-cyclopentene-1-carbaldehyde, 5-Hydroxy-1,4- naphthoquinone, 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-ol, Benzyl 2-methylbutanoate, Bulgarsenine N-oxide, Diphenylamine, Doronenine N-oxide, Echinatine, Ethyl (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoate, Ethyl hexadecanoate, gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-amino-(Z)-3,5-hexadienoic acid, Glucose, Heliotridine, Hexadecyl acetate, Hydrogen cyanide, Intermedine, Lycopsamine, Methyl (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15- octadecatrienoate, Methyl hexadecanoate, Methyl octadecanoate, N-Acetyl-N-(4-aminobutyl)- acetamide, O2-acetylintermedine, O3-Acetylechinatine, O3-Acetylintermedine, O3-Acetyllycopsamine, O3-Acetylrinderine, O3-Propionyllycopsamine, O7-(2-Hydroxyisovaleryl)- retronecine, O9-(2-Hydroxyisovaleryl)-retronecine, Octadecyl acetate, Phenol, Retronecine, Rinderine, Senecionine N-oxide, Seneciphylline N-oxide, Sophoroside 4, Sophoroside 5, Sophoroside 7, Sophoroside 8, Tridecan-2-one, (1S,4R,5R)-1-Isopropyl-4- methylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one, (Z)-2-(9-Octadecenyloxy)-ethanol, 1-Methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)- benzene, 23,24-Dihydrocucurbitacin B, 23,24-Dihydrocucurbitacin D, 2-Cyclohexenol, 2- Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol, 2-Methyl-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-cyclohexanone, 3-Cyclohexene-1- methanol, 3-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-androstan-17-one, 5-alpha-Androstan-17-beta-ol, 6,8-p- Menthadien-2-one, Cucurbitacin B, Cucurbitacin D, Hexanorcucurbitacin D, 11,15,19- Trimethylnonacosane, 11,15,19-Trimethylpentatriacontane, 11,15,19-Trimethyltritriacontane, 11,15-Dimethylheptacosane, 11,15-Dimethylnonacosane, 11,15-Dimethylpentacosane, 11,21- Dimethyltritriacontane, 11-Heptacosene, 11-Hydroxy-5-tetradecen-13-olide, 11- Methylheptacosane, 11-Methylhexacosane, 11-Methylnonacosane, 11-Methylpentacosane, 11- Methyltricosane, 11-Nonacosene, 11-Pentacosene, 11-Pentatriacontene, 12,13-Dimethyl-5,14- dioxabicyclo[9.2.1]-tetradeca-1(13),11-dien-4-one, 12,16,20,24-Tetramethyloctatriacontane, 12,16,20-Trimethylhexatriacontane, 12,16,20-Trimethyloctatriacontane, 12,16,20- Trimethyltetratriacontane, 12,16-Dimethylhexatriacontane, 12,16-Dimethyloctatriacontane, 12- Methylhexacosane, 12-Methylhexatriacontane, 12-Methyltriacontane, 13,17,21,25- Tetramethylheptatriacontane, 13,17,21-Trimethylheptatriacontane, 13,17,21- Trimethylpentatriacontane, 13,17,21-Trimethyltritriacontane, 13,17-Dimethylhentriacontane, 13,17-Dimethylnonacosane, 13,17-Dimethyltriacontane, 13-Methyl-2-heptacosene, 13-Methyl-7- pentacosene, 13-Methylhentriacontane, 13-Methylheptacosane, 13-Methylheptatriacontane, 13- Methylhexacosane, 13-Methylhexatriacontane, 13-Methylnonacosane, 13-Methyloctacosane, 13- Methylpentacosane, 13-Methylpentatriacontane, 13-Methyltriacontane, 13-Methyltricosane, 13- Methyltritriacontane, 14,18-Dimethyltetratriacontane, 14-Methyl-3-hexacosene, 14-Methyl-8- hexacosene, 14-Methylhexatriacontane, 14-Methyltriacontane, 15,19-Dimethyltritriacontane, 15- Methyl-4-heptacosene, 15-Methyl-7-pentacosene, 15-Methyl-9-heptacosene, 15-Methyl-9- hexacosene, 15-Methylhentriacontane, 15-Methylheptatriacontane, 15-Methylhexatriacontane, 15-Methylnonacosane, 15-Methylpentatriacontane, 15-Methyltritriacontane, 16- Methylhexatriacontane, 1-Cyclohexyl-2-(cyclohexylmethyl)-pentadecane, 1-Hentriacontene, 1- Heptacosene, 1-Methylpropyl ester acetic acid, 1-Nonacosene, 1-Octacosene, 1-Pentacosene, 1-Tetracosene, 1-Tricosene, 2-((2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro- 2H-pyran-2-yl)-isoxazol-5(2H)-one, 2-(4-Heptyloxy-1-butyloxy)-1-ethanol, 2-(4-Methyl-3- cyclohexenyl)-2-propyl acetate, 2,10,16-Trimethyldotriacontane, 2,10,16- Trimethyltetratriacontane, 2,10,18-Trimethylhexatriacontane, 2,12-Dimethyltriacontane, 2,14- Dimethyltriacontane, 2,2,3,3-Tetramethyloxirane, 2,26-Dimethylhexatriacontane, 2,3- Decanedione, 2,3-Octandiol, 2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-one, 2,6-Dimethyl-5- heptenoic acid, 2,6-Dimethyldocosane, 2,6-Dimethyldotriacontane, 2,6-Dimethylheptacosane, 2,6-Dimethylhexacosane, 2,6-Dimethylnonacosane, 2,6-Dimethyloctacosane, 2,6- Dimethyltetracosane, 2,6-Dimethyltriacontane, 2,8,12,16-Tetramethyloctacosane, 2,8,12,16- Tetramethyltriacontane, 2,8,12-Trimethylhexacosane, 23-Methyl-12-hexatriacontene, 24-Methyl- 13-hexatriacontene, 25-Methyl-14-hexatriacontene, 25-Methyl-14-octatriacontene, 26-Methyl- 15-octatriacontene, 27-Methyl-16-octatriacontene, 27-Methyl-16-tetracontene, 28-Methyl-17- tetracontene, 29-Methyl-18-dotetracontene, 29-Methyl-18-tetracontene, 2-Aminobenzoic acid, 2- Ethyl-1,5-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo(3.2.1)-octane, 2-Hydroxy-2-methylheptan-4-one, 2- Hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, 2-Hydroxydecan-3-one, 2-Hydroxyhexan-3-one, 2-Hydroxyoctan-3-one, 2-Isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-ol, 2-Methyl-2-methoxybutane, 2- Methyl-6-methylene-2,7-octadien-4-one, 2-Methyl-6-methylene-7-octen-4-one, 2- Methyldocosane, 2-Methyldotriacontane, 2-Methyleicosane, 2-Methylheneicosane, 2- Methylheptacosane, 2-Methylheptadecane, 2-Methylheptan-4-ol, 2-Methylheptan-4-one, 2- Methylhexacosane, 2-Methylnonacosane, 2-Methyloctacosane, 2-Methyloctan-4-ol, 2- Methyloctan-4-one, 2-Methylpentacosane, 2-Methyltetracosane, 2-Methyltriacontane, 2- Methyltricosane, 2-m-Tolylpropan-2-ol, 2-Phenylethanol, 3,13-Dimethylhentriacontane, 3,13- Dimethylheptatriacontane, 3,13-Dimethylnonacosane, 3,13-Dimethylpentacosane, 3,13- Dimethylpentatriacontane, 3,13-Dimethyltritriacontane, 3,15-Dimethylhentriacontane, 3,15- Dimethylheptatriacontane, 3,15-Dimethylpentatriacontane, 3,3-Diethylazetidine-2,4-dione, 3,4- Dimethoxyphenylacetic acid, 3,5,5-Trimethylcyclohexen-2-one, 3,5-Dimethyl-6-(1-methylbutyl)- pyran-2-one, 3,5-Dimethylpentadecanoic acid, 3,5-Dimethyltridecanoic acid, 3,6,9- Heptacosatriene, 3,6,9-Nonacosatriene, 3,6,9-Pentacosatriene, 3,7,11,15- Tetramethylheptacosane, 3,7,11,15-Tetramethylnonacosane, 3,7,11-Trimethylhentriacontane, 3,7,11-Trimethylheptacosane, 3,7,11-Trimethylnonacosane, 3,7,11-Trimethylpentacosane, 3,7,11-Trimethyltricosane, 3,7,7-Trimethyl-1,3,5-cycloheptatriene, 3,7-Dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol,3,9-Dimethylheptacosane, 30-Methyl-19-dotetracontene, 31-Methyl-20-dotetracontene, 31- Methyl-20-tetratetracontene, 32-Methyl-21-tetratetracontene, 33-Methyl-22-tetratetracontene, 3beta,11alpha,14-Trihydroxy-5beta-20(22)-cardenolide, 3beta,5,11alpha,14-Tetrahydroxy-5beta- 20(22)-cardenolide, 3beta,5beta,14beta-Trihydroxy-20(22)-cardenolide, 3-Buten-2-ol, 3- Docosene, 3-Heneicosene, 3-Hexen-2-one, 3-Hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-one, 3-Hydroxy-4- methylnonan-5-one, 3-Hydroxybutan-2-one, 3-Hydroxydecan-2-one, 3-Methyl-3-buten-1-ol, 3- Methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-one, 3-Methylbutyl acetate, 3-Methyldocosane, 3-Methylheneicosane, 3- Methylhentriacontane, 3-Methylheptacosane, 3-Methylhexacosane, 3-Methylnonacosane, 3- Methyloctacosane, 3-Methyloctan-4-ol, 3-Methylpentacosane, 3-Methylpentan-2-one, 3- Methyltriacontane, 3-Methyltricosane, 3-Nitropropanoic acid, 4-(Heptyloxy)-butan-1-ol, 4- (Heptyloxy)-butanal, 4,10-Dimethyloctacosane, 4,12-Dimethyloctacosane, 4,14- Dimethyloctacosane, 4,6,8,10,16,18-Hexamethyldocosane, 4,6,8,10,16-Pentamethyldocosane, 4,8,12,16-Tetramethyloctacosane, 4-Isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carbaldehyde, 4- Methyldocosane, 4-Methylheptacosane, 4-Methylheptan-3-one, 4-Methylhexacosane, 4- Methylnonacosane, 4-Methylnonan-5-ol, 4-Methylnonan-5-one, 4-Methyloctacosane, 4- Methyloctan-1-ol, 4-Methyloctanoic acid, 4-Methyloctyl acetate, 4-Methylphenol, 4- Methyltetracosane, 4S-(E)-6-Methyl-2-hepten-4-ol, 5,13-Dimethyldotriacontane, 5,13- Dimethylheptacosane, 5,13-Dimethylhexacosane, 5,13-Dimethylnonacosane, 5,13- Dimethyloctacosane, 5,13-Dimethylpentacosane, 5,13-Dimethylpentatriacontane, 5,13- Dimethyltricosane, 5,13-Dimethyltritriacontane, 5,15-Dimethylheptacosane, 5,15- Dimethylnonacosane, 5,15-Dimethylpentatriacontane, 5,17-Dimethylnonacosane, 5,7- Dimethylpentacosane, 5,7-Dimethyltricosane, Viridiflorine, (1R)-1,7,7- Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1H-Purin-6-amine, Adenosine, (1R,2S)-cis-2-Isopropenyl- 1-methylcyclobutaneethanol, (2R)-6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-ol, (2R,5R)-2-(1-Hydroxy-1- methylethyl)-5-methyltetrahydrofuran, (2R,5S)-2-(1-Hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-5- methyltetrahydrofuran, (3R,4R)-3-Methyloctan-4-ol, (3S,4S)-3-Methyloctan-4-ol, (E)-2-Penten- 1-ol, (E)-3,7-Dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene, (E)-4,8-Dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, (E)-6-Methyl-2- hepten-4-ol, (E)-7-Methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane, (E,E,S)-1-Methyl-5-methylene-8-(1- methylethyl)-1,6-cyclodecadiene, (R)-5-Methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-hex-4-en-1-ol, (Z)-2-Penten- 1-ol, (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene, (Z)-3-Hexenyl benzoate, 1-(4-Eethylphenyl)-ethanone, 1- (6-Methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-cyclohex-3-enol, 1,2-Dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-benzene, 1-Hexanamine, 2-Ethyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane, 2H-Chromen-2-one, 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4- pyranone, 2-Methylbutanal, 2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate, 3,3,7-Trimethyl-2,9- dioxatricyclo[3.3.1.04,7]nonane, 3-Isothiocyanatobutene, 3-Methylbutan-1-ol, 3R- (3à,3aá,7á,8aà)-2,3,4,7,8,8a-Hexahydro-3,6,8,8-tetramethyl-1H-3a,7-methanoazulene, 4- Ethylbenzaldehyde, 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-Isothiocyanatopent-1-ene, 4- Methylheptane-3,5-dione, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene, 6,6- Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl-methanol, 8-Isopropyl-1,3-dimethyl- tricyclo[4.4.0.0(2,7)]dec-3-ene, alpha-Cubebene, Decanal, endo-1,7,7- Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl acetate, Epiglobulol, Ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, Ethyl acetate, Ethyl propionate, Methyl 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzoate, Octanal, o-Hydroxybenzalcohol, Pentanal, Perylene, Phenylmethanol, (+)-Viridoflorol, 2-Cyclohexen-1-one, 2-Hexenal, 4-Methyl- 1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol, Dodecan-2-one, Eicosanal, Hexadecanal, Nonadecan-2- one, Octadecanal, (E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl propionate, (S)-Ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate, 2,3-Butanediol, 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 2-Methoxyphenol, 2-Methylpropyl acetate, 5-Methyl- 2-(1-methylethyl)-cyclohexanone, Dihydro-5-pentylfuran-2(3H)-one, Ethyl 2-methylpropionate, Ethyl butyrate, Ethyl octanoate, exo-7-Ethyl-5-methyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, Hexan-2- ol, Hexan-2-one, Hexyl acetate, Octan-3-one, Pentan-2-ol, 5,9,13,17-Tetramethylpentacosane, 5,9,13,17-Tetramethyltricosane, 5,9,17-Trimethylpentacosane, 5-Butylhexadecane, 5- Hentriacontene, 5-Methyldocosane, 5-Methylheneicosane, 5-Methylhentriacontane, 5- Methylheptacosane, 5-Methylnonacosane, 5-Methylpentacosane, 5-Methyltetracosane, 5- Methyltricosane, 5-Nonacosene, 5-Tritriacontene, 6,10-Dimethyl-4-heptacosene, 6,12- Dimethylpentadecan-2-one, 6,6-Dimethyl-4-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, 6,6- Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-carbaldehyde, 6,9-Heptacosadiene, 6,9-Nonacosadiene, 6,9- Tricosadiene, 6-Methyl-2-hepten-4-one, 6-Methyl-3,5-heptadien-2-one, 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2- one, 6-Methyl-6-hepten-2-one, 6-Methylhexacosane, 6-Methyloctacosane, 6-Methyltetracosane, 6-Methyltriacontane, 7,11,15-Trimethylheptacosane, 7,11,15-Trimethylpentatriacontane, 7,11,15- Trimethyltricosane, 7,11,17-Trimethylpentacosane, 7,11,17-Trimethyltricosane, 7,13- Dimethylheptatriacontane, 7,13-Dimethylpentacosane, 7,13-Dimethylpentatriacontane, 7,15- Dimethylheptatriacontane, 7,15-Dimethylpentatriacontane, 7,17-Dimethylnonacosane, 7,7- Dimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-en-3-yl-methanol, 7-Angeloylheliotridine, 7-Angeloylretronecine, 7-Hentriacontene, 7-Heptacosene, 7-Hydroxysenecioylretronecine, 7-Intermedine acetate, 7-Methyl-3-methylene-6-octen-1-ol, 7-Methyldocosane, 7-Methylheneicosane, 7- Methylhentriacontane, 7-Methylheptacosane, 7-Methylhexacosane, 7-Methylnonacosane, 7- Methylnonadecane, 7-Methyloctyl (Z)-4-decenoate, 7-Methyloctyl 5-methylhexanoate, 7- Methyloctyl 7-methyloctanoate, 7-Methyloctyl 9-methyldecanoate, 7-Methyloctyl octanoate, 7- Methylpentacosane, 7-Methyltetracosane, (4R)-2-Methyl-6-methylene-7-octen-4-ol, (4S)-2- Methyl-6-methylene-7-octen-4-ol, (E)-11-Tetradecen-1-ol, (E)-11-Tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-3,7- Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl 3-methylbutanoate, (E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl butyrate, (E)-3,7- Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl hexanoate, (E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl octanoate, (E)-3,7- Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl pentanoate, (E,E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienyl butyrate, (Z)- 11-Tetradecen-1-ol, Nonan-1-ol, 1,2-Dimethyldisulfane, 1,3-Dimethyltrisulfane, 1,4- Dimethyltetrasulfane, (R)-5-Hexyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, 7-Methyltricosane, 7-Nonacosene, 7-Pentacosene, 7-Retronecine acetate, 7-Senecioylheliotridine, 7-Senecioylretronecine, 7- Tigloylretronecine, 7-Tricosene, 7-Tritriacontene, 8,14-Dimethylhexacosane, 9,10- Hentriacontadiene, 9,10-Heptacosadiene, 9,10-Hexacosadiene, 9,10-Nonacosadiene, 9,10- Pentacosadiene, 9,10-Tetracosadiene, 9,10-Tricosadiene, 9,13,17-Trimethylheptacosane, 9,13,17- Trimethylnonacosane, 9,13,17-Trimethylpentacosane, 9,13-Dimethylheptacosane, 9,13- Dimethyltetracosane, 9,13-Dimethyltricosane, 9,15-Dimethylheptacosane, 9,19-Cyclolanost-24- en-3-ol acetate, 9,21-Dimethylhentriacontane, 9-Angeloylheliotridine, 9-Angeloylretronecine, 9- Heneicosene, 9-Hentriacontene, 9-Heptacosene, 9-Heptacosyne, 9-Hydroxysenecioylretronecine, Pentanoic acid, (2S,3S)-Methyl 2-amino-3-methylpentanoate, (E)-2-Hexenyl acetate, (E)-2- Nonen-1-ol, (E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol, (E)-3-Hexen-1-ol, (E)-4-(2,6,6- Trimethylcyclohex-2-enyl)-3-buten-2-one, (R)-(Z)-5-(Dec-1-enyl)-oxacyclopentan-2-one, (R)- (Z)-5-(Oct-1-enyl)-oxacyclopentan-2-one, (S)-2-Hydroxy-5-methylhexan-3-one, (S)-Methyl 2- amino-3-methylbutanoate, (S)-Methyl 2-amino-4-methylpentanoate, (Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, 1,2-Dimethoxy-4-vinylbenzene, 1,4-Benzoquinone, 1-Methoxy-4-((E)-1-propenyl)- benzene, 1-Methoxy-4-methylbenzene, 1-Methoxy-4-vinylbenzene, 1-Phenylethanol, 2,3- Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,7-Dimethyl-1,7-octadiene, 2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-1,4- benzoquinone, 2-Isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine, 2-Isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, 2-Methoxy-3- methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 2-Methyl-1,4-benzenediol, 2-Methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 2-Phenylethyl propionate, 2-sec-Butyl-3-methoxypyrazine, 3,7-Dimethyl-1-octene, 3,7-Dimethyl-2-octene, 3- Methyl-1H-indole, 3-Methylphenol, 4-Methyl-5-vinylthiazole, Butan-2-ol, Butan-2-one, Butyl(E,E)-2,4-hexadienoate, Butyl acetate, Butyl butyrate, Butyl isobutyrate, Butyl propionate, Butyric acid, Carbon dioxide, Dibutyl phthalate, Ethyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)- cyclopropanecarboxylate, Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, Ethyl 3-isobutyl-2,2- dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate, Ethyl 4-pentenoate, Ethyl benzoate, Ethyl pentanoate, Heptan- 2-ol, Methyl 2-(3-oxo-2-((Z)-pent-2-enyl)-cyclopentyl)-acetate, Methyl 2-(methylthio)-benzoate, Methyl 2-aminobenzoate, Methyl 2-methylbutanoate, Methyl 4-pentenoate, Methyl acetate, Methyl butyrate, Methyl hexanoate, Methyl pentanoate, Methyl propionate, N,N-Diethyl-3- methylbenzamide, Octyl butyrate, Phenyl propionate, Propyl 1,4-benzodioxan-2-carboxylate, Propyl butyrate, Tetradecan-2-one, (Z,E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene, 2- Phenylacetonitrile, Benzyl benzoate, 9-Methylheptacosane, 9-Methylnonacosane, 9- Methylpentacosane, 9-Nonacosene, 9-Octadecenyl acetate, 9-Pentacosene, 9-Pentacosyne, 9- Retronecine acetate, 9-Senecioylretronecine, 9-Tigloylretronecine, 9-Tricosene, 9-Tritriacontene, alpha-Tocopherol succinate, Amabiline, Bipindogenin-3b-xylopyranoside, Butan-1-ol, Cholest-5- en-3beta-ol, Cholesta-3,5-diene, Cholesta-4,6-dien-3-ol, cis-2-Isopropenyl-1- methylcyclobutaneethanal, Decan-2-one, Decan-9-olide, Dihydrosenecionine, Dihydroseneciphylline, Docosanal, Docosane, Dodecyl acetate, Dotriacontane, Eicosane, Ethyl 4- methylheptanoate, Ethyl 4-methyloctanoate, Ethyl dodecanoate, Heneicosane, Heneicosyl formate, Hentriacontane, Heptacosan-10-one, Heptacosan-12-one, Heptacosane, Heptadecane, Heptadecanoic acid, Heptan-2-one, Heptane, Hexacosane, Hexatriacontane, Integerrimine, Jacobine, Lup-20(29)-en-3-yl acetate, meso-2,3-Butanediol, Methoxybenzene, Methyl (2S,3S)-2- amino-3-methylpentanoate, Methyl (3R)-3-(E)-6-2,3-dihydrofarnesoate, Methyl (E)-3-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-2-pentenoate, Methyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate, Methyl (Z)-3-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-2-pentenoate, Methyl (Z)-5-tetradecenoate, Methyl 2-((1R,2R)-2- hexylcyclopropyl)-acetate, Methyl 3,5-dimethyldodecanoate, (Z)-11-Hexadecen-1-ol, (Z)-11- Hexadecenal, (Z)-11-Hexadecenyl acetate, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-Hydroxyacetophenone, (1R,2R,5S)-5-Isopropyl-2-methylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-ol, (1S)-2,2-Dimethyl-3- methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, (1S,4R)-4-Isopropyl-1-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol, (1S,5R)-1,5- Dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, (1S,5R)-2-Methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexen-2- ol, (1S,5S)-2-Methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexen-2-ol, (2S,5S)-2-Ethyl-1,6- dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane, (3R,4S)-4-Methylheptan-3-ol, (5S,7S)-7-Methyl-1,6- dioxaspiro[4.5]decane, (E)-2-Methyl-6-methylene-2,7-octadien-1-ol, (E)-3-Penten-2-ol, (R)-1-Isopropyl-4-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-ol, (Z)-2-Hexen-1-ol, 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-4-isopropyl-1,6- dimethylnaphthalene, 1,3-Dimethyl-2,9-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, 1,6-Dioxaspiro[4.5]decane, 1-Ethylbenzene, 1-Isopropyl-2-methoxy-4-methylbenzene, 1-Methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol, 1- Phenylethanone, 2-(1-Hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-5-methyltetrahydrofuran, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-Hydroxycyclohexanone, 2-Methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, 3-(4,8-Dimethylnona-3,7-dienyl)-furan, 3- Ethyl-4-methylpentan-1-ol, 4-(p-Acetoxyphenyl)-butan-2-one, 4-Hydroxy-3,5- dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 4-Methylheptan-3-ol, 5-Ethyl-2,4-dimethyl-6,8- dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, Benzoic Acid, endo-7-Ethyl-5-methyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, Ethylene, Heptanal, Mentha-1,8-dien-4-ol, Methanol, Methyl 3-ethyl-4-methylpentanoate, Methylcyclohexane, Nonane, Nonanoic acid, trans-4,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-ol, Undecanal, (1S-endo)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, 1,2-Dimethoxy-4-(1-propenyl)- benzene, 2-Phenylethanol acetate, Methyl 4-methyloctanoate, Methyl tetradecanoate, N-(2S)- Methylbutanoyl 2-methylbutylamine, Neoplatyphylline, Neotriangularicine, N-Formyl L- isoleucine methyl ester, Nonacosane, Nonadecane, Nonan-2-ol, Nonan-2-one, Nonan-5-ol, Nonanal, Nonyl acetate, Octacosane, Octadecane, Octane-2,3-dione, Octanoic acid, Octatriacontane, Pentacosane, Pentan-3-ol, Pentan-3-one, Pentane, Periplogenin-3b- xylopyranoside, Phenol-2,4-bis-(1,1 dimethylethyl), Platyphylline, p-Mentha-1,3-dien-8-ol, Propanoic acid, Sarmentogenin-3b-xylopyranoside, Senecionine, Seneciphylline, Senkirkine, Spartioidine, Supinine, Tetracontane, Tetracosanal, Tetracosane, Tetratriacontane, Trachelanthamine, trans-2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-one, Triacontane, Triangularicinine, Triangularine, Tricosane, Tritriacontane, Undecan-2-one

[0325] Examples of Heteropteran pheromones include (15R)-15-Hexadecanolide, (1R,2S,4S)-4-(1,5-Dimethyl-(Z)-1,4-hexadienyl)-1,2-epoxy-1-methylcyclohexane, (1R,6S,7R)- 3-Methyl-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-cyclohex-2-enol, (1R-endo)-1,7,7- Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, (1RS,4RS,1R)-4-(1,5-Dimethylhex-4-enyl)-1- methylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol, (1RS,4RS,1S)-4-(1,5-Dimethylhex-4-enyl)-1-methylcyclohex-2-en-1- ol, (1S,2R,4S)-4-(1,5-Dimethyl-(Z)-1,4-hexadienyl)-1,2-epoxy-1-methylcyclohexane, (1S,6S,7R)-3-Methyl-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-cyclohex-2-enol, (1S,6S,7R)-3-Methyl-6- methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-cyclohex-2-enol, (2Z,6R,1S,5S)-2-Methyl-6-(4- methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl)-hept-2-en-1-ol, (3R,4S,1E)-3,4-bis(1-Butenyl)-tetrahydro-2- furanol, (3R,6S,7R)-1,10-Bisaboladien-3-ol, (3R,6S,7R,10S)-10,11-Epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol,(3S,6S,7R)-1,10-Bisaboladien-3-ol, (3S,6S,7R,10R)-10,11-Epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol, (3S,6S,7R,10S)-10,11-Epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol, (6R,10S)-6,10,13-Trimethyltetradecan-2-one, (7S)-5-(1,5-Dimethylhex-4-enyl)-2-methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene, (E)-2,5-Hexadienyl acetate, (E)- 2,7-Octadienal, (E)-2,7-Octadienyl acetate, (E)-2,7-Octadienyl acetate, (E)-2,9-Decadienal, (E)-2- Butenoic acid, (E)-2-Butenyl butyrate, (E)-2-Butenyl butyrate, (E)-2-Decen-1-ol, (E)-2-Decenal, (E)-2-Decenal, (E)-2-Decenyl acetate, (E)-2-Heptenyl acetate, (E)-2-Heptenyl acetate, (E)-2- Hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-Hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-Hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-Hexenal, (E)-2-Hexenal, (E)-2-Hexenal, (E)-2-Hexenal, (E)-2-Hexenoic acid, (E)-2-Hexenoic acid, (E)-2-Hexenyl acetate, (E)-2-Hexenyl acetate, (E)-2-Hexenyl acetate, (E)-2-Hexenyl butyrate, (E)-2-Hexenyl butyrate, (E)-2-Hexenyl hexanoate, (E)-2-Hexyl hexenoate, (E)-2-Methyl-3-penten-2-ol, (E)-2-Nonenal, (E)-2-Octen-1-ol, (E)-2-Octenal, (E)-2-Octenal, (E)-2-Octenal, (1S,5S)-4,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2- ol, (E)-2-Dodecen-1-ol, (E)-2-Hexenal, (E)-2-Hexenyl acetate, (E)-2-Hexenyl butyrate, (E)-2- Hexenyl hexanoate, (E)-2-Octenyl acetate, (E)-3-Hexen-1-ol, (E)-3-Phenyl-2-propenal, (E)-4- oxo-2-Hexenal, (E)-7-Decen-2-one, (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol, (Z,1S,9R)-4,11,11-Trimethyl-8- methylenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene, 1,2-Dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-benzene, 1,3,3-Trimethyl-2- oxabicyclo[2.2.2.]octane, 1,3-Dimethylbenzene, 1,4-Dimethylbenzene, 1R-(1R,4E,9S)-4,11,11- Trimethyl-8-methylenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene, 2-((Z)-But-2-enyl)-3-methylcyclopenten-2- one, 2,3-Dimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[1,2,2]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride, 2-Methyl-3-buten-2- ol, 2-Methyl-6-methylene-2,7-octadien-4-ol, 2-Methylbutan-1-ol, 2-Methylheptadecane, 2- Phenylacetaldehyde, 2-Phenylethanol, 3-Methylbutan-1-ol, 4-(p-Acetoxyphenyl)-butan-2-one, Butyl 2-propenoate, Butyl butyrate, Butyl ether, Butyl propionate, Hexan-1-ol, Hexyl acetate, Hexyl butyrate, Hexyl hexanoate, Methyl propyldisulfide, Methyl salicylate, Octanal, Octyl butyrate, (E)-2-Heptenal, (E)-2-Hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-Hexenal, (E)-2-Hexenyl butyrate, (E)-2-Octen- 1-ol, (E)-2-Octenal, (E)-4-oxo-2-Hexenal, (Z)-3-Octen-1-ol, Hexyl butyrate, (E)-3-Hexenyl acetate, (E)-2-Octenyl acetate, (E)-2-Octenyl acetate, (E)-2-Octenyl acetate, (E)-2-Octenyl butyrate, (E)-2-Octenyl hexanoate, (E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol, (E)-3,7- Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol, (E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol, (E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6- octadienal, (E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl acetate, (E)-4-oxo-2-Hexenal, (E)-4-oxo-2-Hexenal, (E)-4-oxo-2-Hexenal, (E)-4-oxo-2-Hexenal, (E)-4-oxo-2-Octenal, (E)-4-oxo-2-Octenal, (E)-6,10- Dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one, (E)-8-Heneicosene, (E)-Dec-4-enyl propyl fumarate, (E)-Methyl 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienoate, (E,E)-2,4-Decadienal, (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienal, (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienyl acetate, (E,E)-2,4-Octadienal, (E,E)-2,4-Octadienyl acetate, (E,E)-2,6-Octadien-1,8- diol diacetate, (E,E)-2,6-Octadienal, (E,E)-2,6-Octadienedial, (E,E)-2,6-Octadienyl acetate, (E,Z)- 2,4-Decadienal, (E,Z)-2,6-Nonadienal, (E,Z)-2,6-Octadienal, (E,Z)-2,6-Octadienyl acetate, (E,Z)- 3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol, (R)-1-Phenylethanol, (R)-2-(4-Methylcyclohex-3- enyl)-propan-2-ol, (R)-3-Methylene-6-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-cyclohex-1-ene, (R)-4-Methyl- 3-penten-2-ol, (R)-4-Methylheptan-1-ol, (R)-4-Methylhexan-1-ol, (R)-Hexan-3-ol, (S)-2- Methylbutan-1-ol, (S)-3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol, (S)-3-Methylene-6-(6-methylhept-5-en-2- yl)-cyclohex-1-ene, (S)-4-Methyl-3-penten-2-ol, (S)-4-Methylpentan-2-ol, (S)-Butan-2-ol, (S)- Hexan-3-ol, (S)-Pentan-2-ol, (Z)-13-Tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-17-Nonadecenyl acetate, (Z)-2- Methyl-5-((1R,5R,6S)-2,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-6-yl)-pent-2-enal, (Z)-2-Methyl-6- (4-methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-1-yl)-hept-2-en-1-ol, (Z)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien- 3-ol, (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal, (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl acetate, (Z)-3-Hexen-1- ol, (1S,5S)-4,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-ol, (Z)-7-Dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-9- Tetradecenyl acetate, 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 2-Methyl-6-methylene-2,7-octadien-4-ol, (1R,6S,7R)-3-Methyl-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-cyclohex-2-enol, (1S,6S,7R)-3-Methyl-6- methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-cyclohex-2-enol, (2R,6R,10S)-Methyl 2,6,10-trimethyltridecanoate, (3R,4S,1E)-3,4-bis(1-Butenyl)-tetrahydro-2-furanol, (3S,6S,7R)-1,10-Bisaboladien-3-ol, (E)-2- Hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-Hexenal, (E)-2-Hexenyl (E)-2-hexenoate, (E)-2-Hexenyl (Z)-3-hexenoate, (E)- 7,11-Dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene, (E,E,E)-2,6,6,9-Tetramethyl-1,4,8- cycloundecatriene, (E,E,S)-1-Methyl-5-methylene-8-(1-methylethyl)-1,6-cyclodecadiene, (E,Z)- 3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol, (Z)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol, (Z)-7- Dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-Tetradecenyl acetate, 1-Hydroxy-1,7-dimethyl-4-isopropyl-2,7- cyclodecadiene, 1R-(1R,4E,9S)-4,11,11-Trimethyl-8-methylenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene, 2-(4- Methylcyclohex-3-enyl)-propan-2-ol, 2,6-Dimethyl-2,7-octadien-6-ol, Heptan-1-ol, Hexanal, Methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, Methyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate, Methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6- decatrienoate, Methyl (Z,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, Methyl 2,6,10-trimethyltridecanoate, Nonanal, Octadecyl isobutyrate, Phenylmethanol, Tetradecyl isobutyrate, (E)-2-Decenal, (E)-2-Decenyl acetate, (E)-2-Heptenal, (E)-2-Hexenal, (E)-2-Hexenyl acetate, (E)-2-Octenal, (E)-2-Octenyl acetate, (E)-4-oxo-2-Decenal, (E)-4-oxo-2-Hexenal, (E)-4-oxo-2-Octenal, (S)-2-Methylbutyl acetate, (Z)-4-Tridecene, 1-Decenal, 1-Hexenal, 1-Octenal, 1-Tridecene, 2-Decenal, 2-Hexenal, 2- Isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, 2-Octenal, 2-sec-Butyl-3-methoxypyrazine, 3-Methyl-2-butenylacetate, Decane, Dodecane, Hexanal, Hexyl acetate, Pentadecane, Tetradecanal, Tetradecane, Tridecane, Undecane, (5S,7S)-7-Methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane, (E)-2-Decenal, (E)-2-Hexen- 1-ol, (E)-2-Hexenal, (E)-2-Hexenoic acid, (E)-2-Octenal, (E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal, (Z)-3- Hexen-1-ol, (Z)-4-Nonenal, 1-Phenylethanone, 2-Phenylacetaldehyde, 2-Phenylethanol, Decanal, Hexan-1-ol, Hexanal, Hexanoic acid, Methoxybenzene, Methyl 3-ethyl-4-methylpentanoate, Nonan-1-ol, Nonanal, Octanal, Octanoic acid, (Z)-3-Hexenal, (Z)-3-Hexenyl (2R)-2-hydroxy-3- methylbutyrate, (Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate, (Z)-3-Octenyl acetate, (Z)-4-Decenal, (Z)-4-oxo-2- Hexenal, (Z)-7-Pentacosene, (Z)-9-Heptacosene, (Z)-9-Pentacosene, (Z)-9-Tricosene, (Z)- Cyclodecene, (Z,E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene, (Z,Z)-4,16-Octadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2.]octane, 10,11-Epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol, 11,15- Dimethylnonacosane, 11,21-Dimethyltritriacontane, 11,23-Dimethylpentatriacontane, 13,17- Dimethylnonacosane, 13,17-Dimethyltriacontane, 13,21-Dimethylhentetracontane, 13,21- Dimethylpentatriacontane, 13,23-Dimethylheptatriacontane, 13,23-Dimethylnonatriacontane, 13,23-Dimethylpentatriacontane, 13,25-Dimethylhentetracontane, 13,25- Dimethylnonatriacontane, 13,27-Dimethylnonatriacontane, 13-Methylhentriacontane, 13- Methylheptatriacontane, 13-Methylnonacosane, 13-Methylpentatriacontane, 13- Methyltritriacontane, 14beta-Pregnane, 1-Heptacosene, 1-Hexyn-3-ol, 1-Isocyanatobutane, 1- Methyl-4-((S)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-benzene, 1-Methyl-4-(1,5-dimethyl-(Z)-1,4-hexadienyl)- cyclohexene, 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene, 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)- cyclohexene, 1-Methyl-4-(6-methylhepta-1,5-dien-2-yl)-cyclohex-1-ene, 1-Pentene, 1- Phenanthrenecarboxylic acid, 1-Tridecene, 1-Undecene, 2-(4-Methylcyclohex-3-enyl)-propan-2- ol, 2(5H)-Furanone, 2,4,8,13-Tetramethyltetradecan-1-ol, 2,5-Hexanedione, 2,6,10,14- Tetramethylpentadecane, 2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, 2,6-Dimethyl-(E,E)-2,6- octadien-1,8-diol diacetate, 2,6-Dimethyl-2,7-octadien-6-ol, 2,6-Dimethyl-2,7-octadien-6-ol, 2,6- Nonadienal, 2-Cyclohexenol, 2-Decenyl acetate, 2-Hexenal, 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 2- Methylbutan-1-ol, 2-Methylbutanoic acid, 2-Methylpropan-1-ol, 2-Methylpropanoic acid, 2- Methylpropyl propionate, 2-Octenal, 2-Octenyl acetate, 2-Phenylethanol, 2-Phenylethanol acetate, 2-Undecenal, 2-Undecenyl acetate, 3,7-Dimethylnonacosane, 3-Hexadecene, 3-Hydroxybutan-2- one, 3-Methylbutan-1-ol, 3-Methylbutan-2-ol, 3-Methylbutanoic acid, 3-Methylenehexyl acetate, 3-Methylheptacosane, 3-Methylhexan-2-ol, 3-Methylhexan-2-one, 3-Methylnonacosane, 3-Methylpentacosane, 4-(Prop-1-en-2-yl)-cyclohex-1-enyl)-methanol, 4-Methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)- 3-cyclohexen-1-ol, 4-Methylpentanoic acid, 4-Methyltriacontane, 4-Pentenal, 6,10,13- Trimethyltetradecan-1-ol, 6,10,13-Trimethyltetradecyl 3-methylbutanoate, 6-Isopropyl-3-methyl- 2-cyclohexen-1-ol, 6-Methyl-2-(3-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-hepten-2-ol, 6-Methylheptan-1- ol, 7,17-Dimethylnonacosane, 9-Tricosene, Acetaldehyde, Acetic acid, Benzaldehyde, Benzyl acetate, beta-Gurjunene, Butan-2-one, Butyl butyrate, Butyric acid, Cetyl vinyl ether, cis-6- Isopropyl-3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol, Cyclohexane, Cyclooctene, Decanal, Decanal, Decane, Decanoic acid, Decyl bromoacetate, Dioctyl acetate, Docosan-1-ol, Docosane, Docosane, Dodecane, Eicosan-1-ol, Eicosane, Ethyl (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoate, Ethyl acetate, Heneicosane, Hentriacontane, Heptacosane, Heptacosane, Heptadecane, Heptan-1-ol, Heptyl acetate, Heptylcyclohexane, Hexacosanal, Hexacosane, Hexacosanoic acid, Hexadecane, Hexadecanoic acid, Hexadecyl butyrate, Hexan-1-ol, Hexan-1-ol, Hexan-3-ol, Hexanal, Hexyl (R)-3-((E)-2-butenoyloxy)-butyrate, Hexyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate, Hexyl 2-methylpropionate, Hexyl 3-methylbutanoate, Hexyl acetate, Hexyl butyrate, Hexyl hexanoate, Hexyl pentanoate, Isobutyl chloroformate, L-3-hydroxykynurenine O-sulfate, L- Histidinemethylesterdihydrochloride, Methyl (2E,6E)-farnesoate, Methyl (3R)-3-(E)-6-2,3- dihydrofarnesoate, Methyl (E)-2,6,10-trimethyl-5,9-undecadienoate, Methyl (E)-6-2,3- dihydrofarnesoate, Methyl (E,E)-2,4-decadienoate, Methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, Methyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate, Methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, (S)-1-Methylbutyl (E)-2-methyl-2- pentenoate, 1-Octen-3-ol, 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-(p-Acetoxyphenyl)-butan-2-one, Ammonia, Carbon dioxide, 2-Methylbutyl 2-methylpropionate, 2-Methylpropanoic acid, 3-Methylbutyl 2- methylpropionate, 2-Methylpropanoic acid, Nonanal, Methyl (Z)-8-hexadecenoate, Methyl (Z,E)- 2,4-decadienoate, Methyl 11-octadecynoate, Methyl 2,6,10-trimethyldodecanoate, Methyl 2,6,10- trimethyltridecanoate, Methyl 2,6-dimethyltetradecanoate, Methyl 2,6-dimethyltridecanoate, Methyl 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenoate, Methyl 4,8,12-trimethylpentadecanoate, Methyl 4,8,12- trimethyltetradecanoate, Methyl acetate, Methyl carbamate, Methyl-7-hexadecenoate, N,N- Dimethyl-3-oxobutanamide, Nonacosane, Nonacosane, Nonacosane, Nonadecane, Nonan-1-ol, Nonanal, Nonanal, Octacosan-1-ol, Octacosanal, Octacosane, Octacosane, Octacosane, Octacosane, Octadecan-1-ol, Octadecanoic acid, Octadecanoic acid, Octan-1-ol, Octanoic acid, Octyl acetate, Octyl butyrate, Octyl hexanoate, Pentacosane, Pentacosane, Pentadecane, Pentadecane, Pentafluoropropionic acid undecyl ester, Pentan-2-one, Pentan-3-ol, Pentan-3-one,Pentyl butyrate, Pentyl hexanoate, Phenylmethanol, Propanoic acid, Tetracosane, Tetracosane, Tetradecane, Tetradecyl acetate, Tetradecyl butyrate, trans-2,6-Dimethyl-6-(4-methylpent-3- enyl)-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, trans-6-Isopropyl-3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol, Triacontan-1-ol, Triacontanal, Triacontane, Tributylacetyl citrate, Tricosane, Tricosane, (E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6- octadienoic acid, Tridecan-1-ol, Tridecane, Tridecane, Tridecyl methoxyacetate, Tritriacontane, Undecane.

[0326] Examples of Lepidopteran pheromones include (10R)-10,14-Dimethylpentadecyl isobutyrate, (Z)-12-Nonadecen-9-one, (Z)-7-Eicosen-11-one, (Z)-7-Nonadecen-11-one, (Z)-7- Octadecen-11-one, (Z)-7-Tricosen-11-one, (Z)-7-Tricosene, (10S)-10,14-Dimethylpentadecyl isobutyrate, (11R)-(Z,Z)-6,9-Heneicosadien-11-ol, (11S)-(Z,Z)-6,9-Heneicosadien-11-ol, (1S,4aS,8aR)-7-Methyl-4-methylene-1-(propan-2-yl)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydronaphthalene, (2R,5R)-2-(Z)-Pentadec-8-enyl-1,3-dioxan-5-ol, (2R,6R,10R)-6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-ol, (2S,4R)-2-(Z)-Pentadec-8-enyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl-methanol, (2S,4S)-2-(Z)-Pentadec-8-enyl-1,3- dioxolan-4-yl-methanol, (2S,5S)-2-(Z)-Pentadec-8-enyl-1,3-dioxan-5-ol, (3R,4S)-3,7-Dimethyl- 6-octene-4-olide, (E)-7-Tetradecen-1-ol, (E)-7-Tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-9-Tetradecenyl acetate, (E,E)-3,5-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-2,13-Octadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-3,13-Octadecadienyl acetate, (Z)-13-Octadecenyl acetate, (Z)-3-Decenyl acetate, (Z)-3-Tetradecen-1-ol, (Z)-3- Tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-5-Decenyl acetate, (Z)-5-Dodecen-1-ol, (Z)-5-Dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-5- Tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-7-Hexadecenal, (Z)-7-Tetradecen-1-ol, (Z)-7-Tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)- 9-Hexadecenal, (Z)-9-Hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-Tetradecen-1-ol, (Z)-9-Tetradecenyl acetate, (Z,E)-3,5-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-2,13-Octadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-7,10- Hexadecadienal, (Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienal, Decyl acetate, Dodecyl acetate, Hexadecanal, Hexadecyl acetate, Octadecyl acetate, Tetradecyl acetate, (E)-10-Tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-11,13- Tetradecadienal, (3S,4R)-3,7-Dimethyl-6-octene-4-olide, (4-Isopropylphenyl)-methanol, (6R,10R)-6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one, (7R,8S)-7,8-Epoxyoctadecane, (7R,8S)-cis-7,8- Epoxy-2-methyleicosane, (7R,8S)-cis-7,8-Epoxy-2-methyloctadec-17-ene, (7R,8S)-cis-7,8- Epoxy-2-methyloctadecane, (7S,8R)-cis-7,8-Epoxy-2-methyleicosane, (7S,8R)-cis-7,8-Epoxy-2- methyloctadecane, (E)-1,12-Pentadecadiene, (E)-10-Dodecen-1-ol, (E)-10-Dodecenyl acetate, (E)-10-Hexadecenal, (E)-11,13-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (E)-11-Hexadecen-1-ol, (E)-11- Hexadecenal, (E)-11-Hexadecenyl acetate, (E)-11-Tetradecen-1-ol, (E)-11-Tetradecenal, (E)-11- Tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-11-Tridecenyl acetate, (E)-12-Tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-13-Octadecenal,(E)-13-Octadecenyl acetate, (E)-2-Hexenal, (E)-2-Octadecenyl acetate, (E)-3,7,11,15- Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, (E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol, (E)-3,7-Dimethyl- 2,6-octadien-1-ol, (E)-3-Dodecenyl acetate, (E)-3-Tetradecen-1-ol, (E)-3-Tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-4,8-Dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, (E)-5-Dodecenyl acetate, (E)-5-Tetradecen-1-ol, (E)-5- Tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-6,10-Dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one, (E)-6-Dodecen-1-ol, (E)-6- Dodecenal, (E)-6-Dodecenyl acetate, (E)-7-Dodecenal, (E)-8-Hexadecenyl acetate, (E)-9,11- Tetradecadienyl acetate, 5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-cyclohexanone, 7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6- octadiene, Heptan-2-one, Nonan-1-ol, Toluene, (E)-10-Hexadecen-1-ol, (E)-13-Hexadecenyl acetate, (E)-14-Hexadecenal, (E)-2-Methyl-2-butenoic acid, (E)-9-Dodecenyl acetate, (E,E)- 10,12-Hexadecadien-1-ol, (E,E)-10,12-Hexadecadienal, (E,E)-10,12-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-10,12-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-10,14-Hexadecadienal, (E,E)-11,13-Hexadecadien-1- ol, (E,E)-11,13-Hexadecadienal, (E,E)-9,11-Hexadecadienal, (E,E,E)-10,12,14-Hexadecatrienyl acetate, (E,E,Z)-10,12,14-Hexadecatrienyl acetate, (E,Z)-10,12-Hexadecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-10,12- Hexadecadienal, (E,Z)-10,12-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-9,11-Hexadecadienal, (Z)-10- Hexadecenal, (Z)-10-Pentadecenal, (Z)-10-Pentadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-Hexadecen-1-ol, (Z)-11- Hexadecenal, (Z)-11-Hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-Octadecen-1-ol, (Z)-11-Octadecenal, (Z)-11- Tetradecen-1-ol, (Z)-11-Tetradecenal, (Z)-11-Tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-12-Tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-13-Hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-13-Octadecen-1-ol, (Z)-13-Octadecenal, (Z)-14-Hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-5-Decen-1-ol, (Z)-7-Dodecen-1-ol, (Z)-7-Dodecenal, (Z)-7-Dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-7- Methyltetradec-8-enyl acetate, (Z)-8-Tridecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-Dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-9- Hexadecen-1-ol, (Z)-9-Octadecenal, (Z)-9-Tetradecenal, (Z,E)-11,13-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-9,11-Hexadecadienal, (Z,Z)-10,12-Hexadecadienal, (Z,Z)-11,13-Hexadecadienal, (Z,Z)- 9,11-Hexadecadienal, (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-Heptacosatriene, (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-Nonacosatriene, (Z,Z,Z)- 3,6,9-Pentacosatriene, (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-Tricosatriene, 11-Hexadecynal, 2-Methylhexadecan-1-ol, Docosane, Dodecan-1-ol, Hexadecan-1-ol, Octadecanal, Pentacosane, Tetracosane, Tetradecan-1- ol, Tetradecanal, Tricosane, (E)-6-Heneicosen-11-one, (E)-6-Tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-7,11- Dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene, (E)-7-Dodecen-1-ol, (E)-7-Dodecenyl acetate, (E)-7- Methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane, (E)-8-Dodecen-1-ol, (E)-8-Dodecenyl acetate, (E)-8- Tetradecenyl formate, (E)-8-Tridecenyl acetate, (E)-9,11-Dodecadien-1-ol, (E)-9,11- Dodecadienyl acetate, (E)-9-Dodecen-1-ol, (E)-9-Tridecenyl acetate, (E,E)-3,13-Octadecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-7,9-Dodecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-8,10-Dodecadien-1-ol, (E)-3-Tridecenyl acetate,(E)-4-Decenyl acetate, (E)-4-Tridecenyl acetate, (E)-5-Decen-1-ol, (E)-5-Decenyl acetate, (E)-7- Decenyl acetate, (E,E)-3,5-Decadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-3,7-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-3,8- Tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-4,7-Tridecadienyl acetate, (E,Z,Z)-3,8,11-Tetradecatrienyl acetate, (E,Z,Z)-4,7,10-Tridecatrienyl acetate, (R)-11-Methyltricosane, (S)-11-Methyltricosane, (Z)-3- Dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-4-Decenyl acetate, (Z)-7,9-Decadienyl acetate, (Z)-7-Decenyl acetate, (Z,E)-3,5-Decadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-7,11-Hexadecadien-1-ol, (Z,E)-7,11-Hexadecadienal, (Z,E)- 7,11-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-7,11-Tridecadienyl acetate, (E)-9-Hexadecenyl acetate, (E)-9-Pentadecenyl acetate, (E,E)- 10,12-Tetradecadien-1-ol, (E,E)-1-Methyl-5-methylene-8-(1-methylethyl)-1,6-cyclodecadiene, (E,E)-2,6-Dimethyl-2,4,6-octatriene, (E,E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene, (E,E)- 3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienal, (E,E)-5,7-Dodecadien-1-ol, (E,E)-5,7-Dodecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-7,9-Heneicosadien-6,11-one, (E,E)-8,10-Dodecadienal, (E,E)-8,10-Dodecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-8,10-Pentadecadienyl acetate, (E,E,E)-10,12,14-Hexadecatrienal, (E,E,Z)-10,12,14- Hexadecatrienal, (E,Z)-10,12-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-11,13-Hexadecadienal, (E,Z)-2,13- Octadecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-3,13-Octadecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-3,13-Octadecadienal, (E,Z)-3,5- Dodecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-3,5-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-3,6-Heneicosadien-11-one, (E,Z)- 3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol, (E,Z)-5,7-Dodecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-5,7-Dodecadienal, (E,Z)-5,7-Dodecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-5,9-Tridecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-7,9-Dodecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienal, (E,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-8,10-Dodecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)- 8,10-Pentadecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-8,10-Pentadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-8,11-Hexadecadienal, (E,Z)- 9,11-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-9,11-Pentadecadienal, (R)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)- cyclohexene, (R,Z)-2,6-Nonadien-4-olide, (S)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene, (S)- 3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol, (S,Z)-6-Nonen-4-olide, (Z)-6-Nonadecen-9-yne, (Z)-6-Nonen-1- ol, (Z)-6-Tetradecenyl acetate, (1R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, (1R,5R)-4,6,6- Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-ol, (1S)-4,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one, (R)- 2,6-Dimethyl-2,7-octadien-6-ol, 1-Isopropyl-4-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene, 1-Isopropyl-4- methyl-cyclohexa-1,4-diene, 2-(4-Methylcyclohex-3-enyl)-propan-2-ol, Sarmentosin, (3S,13R)- 3,13-Dimethylheptadecane, (3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-Heneicosapentaene, (5R)-2,5- Dimethylheptadecane, (5R,11S)-5,11-Dimethylheptadecane, (5S)-2,5-Dimethylheptadecane, (7S)-7-Methylheptadecane, (7S,11R)-7,11-Dimethylheptadecane, (E,Z)-9,11-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-Nonadecatetraene, (E,Z,Z)-4,6,9-Nonadecatriene, (Z)-9-(6R,7S)-6,7-Epoxynonadecene, (Z)-9-(6S,7R)-6,7-Epoxynonadecene, (Z)-9-6,7-Epoxynonadecene, (Z)-9-cis- 6,7-Epoxyheptadecene, (Z)-9-Nonadecene, (Z,E)-7,9-Dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-3,6-(9S,10R)- 9,10-Epoxyheneicosadiene, (Z,Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-Epoxyheneicosadiene, (Z,Z)-3,6-cis-9,10- Epoxyheptadecadiene, (Z,Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-Epoxynonadecadiene, (Z,Z)-3,6-Eicosadiene, (Z,Z)- 3,6-Heneicosadiene, (Z,Z)-3,9-(6R,7S)-6,7-Epoxynonadecadiene, (Z,Z)-3,9-(6S,7R)-3,4- Epoxyheptadecadiene, (Z,Z)-3,9-(6S,7R)-6,7-Epoxynonadecadiene, (Z)-1,12-Pentadecadiene, (Z)-10-Dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-10-Tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-Heptadecen-1-ol, (Z)-11- Heptadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-Hexadecenonitrile, (Z)-11-Hexadecenyl formate, (Z)-11- Hexadecenyl trifluoroacetate, (Z)-11-Tridecenyl acetate, (Z)-12-Hexadecenal, (Z)-13-Hexadecen- 11-yn-1-ol acetate, (Z)-16-Methyl-9-heptadecenyl isobutyrate, (Z)-2,6-Nonadien-4-olide, (Z)-3- (6R,7S)-(9R,10S)-cis-6,7-cis-9,10-Diepoxyheneicosene, (Z)-3-(6S,7R)-(9S,10R)-cis-6,7-cis- 9,10-Diepoxyheneicosene, (Z)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol, (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6- octadienoic acid, (Z)-3-cis-6,7-cis-9,10-Diepoxyheneicosene, (Z)-3-Hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-3- Hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-Hexenal, (Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate, (Z)-3-Hexenyl hexanoate, (Z)-4-Tridecenyl acetate, (Z)-5-Dodecenal, (Z)-5-Dodecenyl (Z)-5-dodecenoate, (Z)-5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)- cyclohexanone, (Z)-5-Tetradecenal, (Z)-5-Undecenyl acetate, (Z)-6-(9R,10S)-9,10- Epoxyeicosene, (Z)-6-(9R,10S)-9,10-Epoxyheneicosene, (Z)-6-(9S,10R)-9,10- Epoxynonadecene, (Z)-6-9,10-Epoxyeicosene, (Z)-6-cis-9,10-Epoxyheneicosene, (Z)-6-cis-9,10- Epoxynonadecene, (Z)-6-Eicosen-11-one, (Z)-6-Heneicosen-11-ol, (Z)-6-Heneicosen-11-one, (Z)-6-Heneicosen-9-one, (Z)-7-10-Acetoxy-7-hexadecen-1-ol, (Z)-7-Dodecenyl formate, (Z)-7- Hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-7-Octadecene, (Z)-7-Octadecenyl 3-methylbutanoate, (Z)-7- Octadecenyl butyrate, (Z)-7-Octadecenyl isobutyrate, (Z)-7-Octadecenyl methylbutyrate, (Z)-7- Tetradecenal, (Z)-8-Pentadecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-(3R,4S)-(6S,7R)-3,4-6,7-Diepoxyheneicosene, (Z)-9-(3S,4R)-(6S,7R)-3,4-6,7-Diepoxyheneicosene, (Z)-9-Hexadecenoic acid, (Z)-9-Octadecen- 1-ol, (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid, (Z)-9-Octadecenyl 3-methylbutanoate, (Z)-9-Octadecenyl methylbutyrate, (Z,E)-11,13-Hexadecadien-1-ol, (Z,E)-11,13-Hexadecadienal, (Z,E)-2-Methyl- 7,9-octadecadiene, (Z,E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienal, (Z,E)-5,7-Dodecadien-1-ol, (Z,E)-5,7-Dodecadienal, (Z,E)-5,7-Dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-5,7-Dodecadienyl propionate, (Z,E)-6,8-Heneicosadien-11-one, (Z,E)-6,9-Heneicosadien-11-one, (Z,E)-8,10-Pentadecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-9,11,13-Tetradecatrienal, (Z,E)-9,11-Tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z,E)-9,11- Tetradecadienal, (Z,Z)-10,12-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-11,13-Hexadecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-11,13-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-3,6-(9R,10S)-9,10-Epoxynonadecadiene, (Z,Z)-3,6- (9S,10R)-9,10-Epoxynonadecadiene, (Z,Z)-3,6-9,10-Epoxynonadecadiene, (Z,Z)-3,9-(6S,7R)- 6,7-Epoxyheneicosadiene, (Z,Z)-3,9-(6S,7R)-6,7-Epoxyoctadecadiene, (Z,Z)-3,9-6,7- Epoxynonadecadiene, (Z,Z)-3,9-6,7-Epoxyoctadecadiene, (Z,Z)-3,9-cis-6,7-Epoxyeicosadiene, (Z,Z)-3,9-cis-6,7-Epoxyheneicosadiene, (Z,Z)-3,9-cis-6,7-Epoxyheptadecadiene, (Z,Z)-3,9-cis- 6,7-Epoxynonadecadiene, (Z,Z)-5,7-Dodecadienal, (Z,Z)-5,7-Dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-5,9- Tridecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-6,12-cis-(9S,10R)-9,10-Epoxynonadecadiene, (Z,Z)-6,9-(3R,4S)- 3,4-Epoxyheptadecadiene, (Z,Z)-6,9-(3R,4S)-3,4-Epoxynonadecadiene, (Z,Z)-6,9-(3S,4R)-3,4- Epoxyheptadecadiene, (Z,Z)-6,9-(3S,4R)-3,4-Epoxynonadecadiene, (Z,Z)-6,9-(4S,5S)-trans-4,5- Epoxynonadecadiene, (Z,Z)-6,9-3,4-Epoxyeicosadiene, (Z,Z)-6,9-3,4-Epoxyheneicosadiene, (Z,Z)-6,9-3,4-Epoxynonadecadiene, (Z,Z)-6,9-3,4-Epoxyoctadecadiene, (Z,Z)-6,9-cis-3,4- Epoxyheptadecadiene, (Z,Z)-6,9-cis-3,4-Epoxynonadecadiene, (Z,Z)-6,9-Eicosadien-11-ol, (Z,Z)-6,9-Eicosadiene, (Z,Z)-6,9-Heneicosadien-11-ol, (Z,Z)-6,9-Heneicosadien-11-one, (Z,Z)- 6,9-Heneicosadien-11-one ethylene ketal, (Z,Z)-6,9-Heneicosadiene, (Z,Z)-6,9-Heptadecadiene, (Z,Z)-6,9-Nonadecadien-3-one, (Z,Z)-6,9-Nonadecadiene, (Z,Z)-6,9-trans-(11S,12S)-11,12- Epoxyheneicosadiene, (Z,Z)-7,9-Dodecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-6,9- Tricosadiene, (Z,Z,Z)-11,14,17-Eicosatrienyl 4-methylvalerate, (Z,Z,Z)-11,14,17-Eicosatrienyl isobutyrate, (Z,Z,Z,Z)-7,13,16,19-Docosatetraen-1-ol isobutyrate, 10,14-Dimethylpentadecyl butyrate, 10,14-Dimethylpentadecyl isobutyrate, 14-Methylpentadecyl isobutyrate, 16- Methylheptadecyl isobutyrate, 2-Methyl-(Z)-7-octadecene, 2-Methylheptanoic acid, 6-Hydroxy- (E,E)-7,9-heneicosadien-11-one, 6-Octadecenyl 3-methylbutanoate, 6-Octadecenyl valerate, 9- Octadecenyl 3-methylbutanoate, cis-7,8-Epoxy-2-methyloctadecane, Eicosane, Heneicosane, Heptacosane, Hexacosane, Hexanoic acid, Nonacosane, Octacosane, Pentanoic acid, 6,10,14- Trimethylpentadecan-2-one, alpha-d-Melibiose, Fructose, Glucose, Maltose, Raffinose, Sucrose, (Z)-7-Undecenyl acetate, (Z)-8-Dodecen-1-ol, (Z)-8-Dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-8-Tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-8-Tetradecenyl formate, (Z)-8-Undecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-(3S,4R)-(6R,7S)-3,4-6,7- Diepoxyheneicosene, (Z)-9,11-Dodecadien-1-ol, (Z)-9,11-Dodecadienyl acetate, (Z)-9-6,7- Epoxyoctadecene, (Z)-9-Dodecen-1-ol, (Z)-9-Dodecen-7-yn-1-ol acetate, (Z)-9-Heneicosene, (Z)- 9-Hexadecenonitrile, (Z)-9-Pentadecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-Tetradecenyl formate, (Z)-9-Undecenyl acetate, (Z,E)-10,12-Hexadecadienal, (Z,E)-10,12-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-10,12- Tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-11,14-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-3,13-Octadecadienyl acetate,(Z,E)-3,5-Dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-5,9-Tridecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-7,9,11-Dodecatrienyl formate, (Z,E)-8,10-Dodecadien-1-ol, (Z,E)-8,10-Dodecadienal, (Z,E)-8,10-Dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-9,11-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-9,12-Tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z,E)-9,12- Tetradecadienal, (Z,E)-9,12-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-9,12-Tetradecadienyl propionate, (Z,Z)-1,3,6-(9S,10R)-9,10-Epoxyheneicosatriene, (Z,Z)-1,3,6-cis-9,10-Epoxyheneicosatriene, (Z,Z)-10,12-Tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-10,12-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-3,13-Octadecadien- 1-ol, (Z,Z)-3,13-Octadecadienal, (Z,Z)-3,13-Octadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-3,6-(9R,10S)-9,10- Epoxyeicosadiene, (Z,Z)-3,6-(9R,10S)-9,10-Epoxyheneicosadiene, (Z,Z)-3,6-(9S,10R)-9,10- Epoxyeicosadiene, (Z,Z)-3,6-9,10-Epoxyheneicosadiene, (Z,Z)-3,6-9,10-Epoxyoctadecadiene, (Z,Z)-3,6-9,10-Epoxytricosadiene, (Z,Z)-3,9-(6R,7S)-6,7-Epoxyeicosadiene, (Z,Z)-3,9-(6R,7S)- 6,7-Epoxyheneicosadiene, (Z,Z)-3,9-(6S,7R)-6,7-Epoxyeicosadiene, 4-Methyl-1-phenyl-1- hexen-3-one, (R)-6-Isopropyl-3-methylcyclohexen-2-one, (R,S)-3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol, (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene, 1-Dodecene, 1-Hexenal, 1-Hexenyl acetate, 2,2-Dimethyl-3- ((E)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienyl)-oxirane, (Z,Z)-8,10-Dodecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-8,10-Dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-8,10-Pentadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-9,11-Tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-9,11- Tetradecadienal, (Z,Z)-9,11-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-9,12-cis-(6S,7R)-6,7- Epoxynonadecadiene, (Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, Ethylene, Hexan-1-ol, Hexanal, Manool, Phenylmethanol, Tridecan-2-one, (1R,5R)-6,6-Dimethyl-2- methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-one, (9S)-9-Methylnonadecane, (E)-6,(13R)- Methylheneicosene, (E)-6,(13S)-Methylheneicosene, (E)-9-Tetradecen-1-ol, (E,E)-9,12- Tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z)-10-Hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-Octadecenyl acetate, (Z)-5- Hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-6-(13R)-Methylheneicosene, (Z)-6-(13S)-Methylheneicosene, (Z)-6- (9S,10R)-9,10-Epoxyheneicosene, (Z)-7-Dodecenyl butyrate, (Z)-7-Dodecenyl propionate, (Z,Z)- 6,9-cis-3,4-Epoxyheneicosadiene, (Z,Z)-9,12-Tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-9,12-Tetradecadienyl acetate, 11-Dodecen-1-ol, 11-Dodecenyl acetate, 13-Methyl-(Z)-6-heneicosene, 2- Methylbutanoic acid, 2-Methylpropanoic acid, 3-Methylphenol, 4-Methylphenol, 6-Methyl-5- hepten-2-ol, (Z,Z,E)-6,9,11-Heptadecatriene, (Z,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-Heneicosatetraene, (Z,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9- Nonadecatetraene, (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-Docosatriene, (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-Eicosatriene, (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9- Heneicosatriene, (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-Heptadecatriene, (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-Nonadecatriene, (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9- Octadecatriene, (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-Octadecatrienyl acetate, (Z,Z,Z)-6,9,12-Eicosatriene, (Z,Z,Z)- 6,9,12-Heptadecatriene, (Z,Z,Z)-6,9,12-Nonadecatriene, Methyl propionate, N-(17-Hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine, Octadecane, Octadecanoic acid, Octadecenyl acetate, Phenol, Tetradecane, Tetradecanoic acid, (Z,Z)-3,9-6,7-Epoxyeicosadiene, (Z,Z)-3,9-6,7- Epoxyheneicosadiene, (Z,Z)-3,9-6,7-Epoxytricosadiene, Chlorogenic acid, p-Methoxyphenol, (1R,2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-Methoxycyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, (E)-2-Hexene, Glucoiberin, N,N,N-Trimethylglycine, Sinigrin monohydrate, (11S,Z,Z,Z)-11-Hexadecanoyloxyoctadeca- 9,12,15-trienoic acid, (11S,Z,Z,Z)-11-Octadecanoyloxyoctadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid, (6E,10E,14E,18E)-2,6,10,15,19,23-Hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene, (E)-3-(1H- imidazol-5-yl)-prop-2-enoic acid, (E)-3,7-Dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene, (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6- octadien-1-ol, (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal, (Z,E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal, 11,15,19,23- Tetramethylheptatriacontane, 11,15,19,23-Tetramethylhexatriacontane, 11,15,19,23- Tetramethylnonatriacontane, 11,15,19,23-Tetramethylpentatriacontane, 11,15,19- Trimethylheptatriacontane, 11,15,19-Trimethylnonatriacontane, 11,15,19- Trimethylpentatriacontane, 11,15-Dimethylheptatriacontane, 11,15-Dimethylnonatriacontane, 11- Methylheneicosane, 11-Methylpentacosane, 11-Methyltricosane, 12,16,20- Trimethylhexatriacontane, 12,16,20-Trimethyloctatriacontane, 12,16-Dimethyloctatriacontane, 13,17,21-Trimethylheptatriacontane, 13,17,21-Trimethylhexatriacontane, 13,17,21- Trimethylnonatriacontane, 13,17,21-Trimethylpentatriacontane, 13,17-Dimethylheptatriacontane, 13,17-Dimethylnonatriacontane, 13,17-Dimethyloctatriacontane, 13-Methylheptacosane, 13- Methylpentacosane, 14,18,22-Trimethylhexatriacontane, 14,18,22-Trimethyloctatriacontane, 14,18-Dimethyloctatriacontane, 15,19,23-Trimethylheptatriacontane, 15,19,23- Trimethylnonatriacontane, 15,19-Dimethylheptatriacontane, 15,19-Dimethylnonatriacontane, 15,19-Dimethyloctatriacontane, 17,21-Dimethylheptatriacontane, 17,21- Dimethylnonatriacontane, 17,21-Dimethyloctatriacontane, 1-Heneicosene, 1H-Purine-2,6,8- (3H,7H,9H)-trione, 1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene, 1-Methyl- 4-(1-methylethyl)-benzene, 1-Pentacosene, 1-Tricosene, 2,3-Benzopyrrole, 2-Amino-1-(3,4- dihydroxyphenyl)-ethanone, 2-Phenylpropenal, 3-Methylbutanal, 3-Methylpentacosane, 6,6- Dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 6-Amino-1H-purin-2(3H)-one, 7,11- Dimethylpentacosane, 7H-Purin-6-ol, 9-Methylheneicosane, 9-Methylpentacosane, 9- Methyltricosane, Cholest-5-en-3beta-ol, Decanal, Hentriacontane, Hexyl hexadecanoate, Hexyl stearate, Hexyl tetradecanoate, Methyl (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoate, (Z,Z,Z)-6,9,12- Octadecatriene, (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienal, (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienyl acetate,(Z,Z,Z,E)-3,6,9,11-Eicosatetraene, (Z,Z,Z,E)-3,6,9,11-Nonadecatetraene, (Z,Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9,11- Nonadecatetraene, (Z,Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9,12-Eicosatetraene, (Z,Z,Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9,12,15- Pentacosapentaene, (Z,Z,Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9,12,15-Tricosapentaene, 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-butan-2-one, 1,1,7-Trimethyl-4-methylenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulene, 1,2-Dimethoxy-4-(2- propenyl)-benzene, 1,2-Dimethylbenzene, 1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2.]octane, 1,3,8- Trihydroxy-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione, 1,3-Dimethylbenzene, 1,4-Dimethylbenzene, 1,7,7- Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 10,11-Difluoro- (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, 10-Methyldodecyl acetate, 10-Propyl-(E)-5,9-tridecadienyl acetate, 11,11,11,12,12-Pentafluoro-(Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate, 11,11-Difluoro-(Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate, 11- Chloro-(E,E)-8,10-undecadien-1-ol, 11-Methyl-(Z)-9,12-tridecadienyl acetate, 13- Methyltricosane, 14,14,14-Trifluoro-(E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, 14,14,14-Trifluoro-(Z)-11- tetradecenyl acetate, 14-Fluoro-(E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, 14-Fluoro-(Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, 16-Hexadecanolide, 18-Octadecanolide, 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-cyclohexene, 1-Octadecane thiol, 1-Octen-3-ol, 2,5-Dimethylheptadecane, 2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept- 2-ene, 2,6-Dimethyl-2,7-octadien-6-ol, 2-Methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexan-1-ol, 2- Methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexen-2-ol, 2-Methylbutanal, 2-Methylpropan-1-ol, 2-Oleoyl- cyclohexane-1,3-dione, 2-Phenylacetaldehyde, 2-Phenylethanol, 3,13-Dimethylheptadecane, 3,4- Dihydro-8-hydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin, 3,5-Dimethylhexanal, 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-1- hexadecen-3-ol, 3-Isothiocyanatopropene, 3-Methylbutan-1-ol, 3-Nonen-2-one, 3-Tetradecene, 4- Aminobutanoic acid, 4-Hydroxy-2-oleoyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione, 4-Hydroxy-3- methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol, 4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-Methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol, 5,11- Dimethylheptadecane, 5,11-Dimethylpentacosane, 5beta-Cholestan-3-one, 5beta-Cholestane- 3,24-dione, 5-Heptyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, 5-Hexyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, 5- Methylheptadecane, 6,10,14-Trimethylpentadecan-2-ol, 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 7,11- Dimethylheptadecane, 7-Methylheptadecane, 8-Methoxy-6-nitrophenanthro[3,4-d]-1,3-dioxole- 5-carboxylic acid, 9-Eicosen-1-ol, 9-Eicosenal, 9-Octadecenal, 9-Tetradecenyl acetate, Acetaldehyde, Acetic acid, Ammonia, Benzaldehyde, Benzoic Acid, Benzyl acetate, Butan-1-ol, Butyric acid, cis-Tetrahydro-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-vinyl-2H-pyran-3-ol, Decan-1-ol, Dehydroaphylline, Docosyl acetate, Dodecanal, Dodecenyl acetate, Eicosyl acetate, Ethanol, Ethyl hexadecanoate, Ethyl hexanoate, Ethyl-(Z,Z)-11,13-hexadecadienoate, Heptadecane,Heptadecenyl acetate, Heptadecyl acetate, Heptanal, Hexadecane, Hexadecanoic acid, Hexadecenyl acetate, Methyl (Z,Z,Z)-11,14,17-eicosatrienoate, Methyl (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15- octadecatrienoate, Methyl hexadecanoate, Methyl octadecanoate, Methyl salicylate, N- Methylcytisine, Nonadecane, Nonanal, Octadecadienoic acid, Octadecan-1-ol, Octadecatrienoic acid, Octadecenoic acid, Octanal, Pentadecyl acetate, Propan-1-ol, Propan-2-ol, Pyrrolidin-2-one, trans-3-Methyl-4-dimethylallyl lactone, Undecan-1-ol, Undecanal, Undecane.

[0327] Examples of Homopteran pheromones include Hexacosan-1-ol, Hexacosanoic acid, 1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethanone, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglyoxal, (1R,2S)-cis-2- Isopropenyl-1-(4-methyl-4-penten-1-yl)-cyclobutaneethanol acetate, (3S)-(E)-6-Isopropyl-3,9- dimethyl-5,8-decadienyl acetate, (5R,6E)-5-Isopropyl-8-methyl-6,8-nonadien-2-one, (6R)-(Z)- 3,9-Dimethyl-6-isopropenyl-3,9-decadien-1-ol, (6R)-(Z)-3,9-Dimethyl-6-isopropenyl-3,9- decadienyl propionate, (E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,7-octadienyl propionate, (E)-3,9-Dimethyl-6- isopropyl-5,8-decadienyl acetate, (R)-((1S,3S)-2,2-Dimethyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-cyclobutyl)- methyl 2-methylbutanoate, (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,7-octadienyl propionate, (Z)-3,9-Dimethyl-6- isopropenyl-3,9-decadienyl propionate, (Z)-3-Methyl-6-isopropenyl-3,9-decadienyl acetate, 3- Methyl-6-isopropenyl-9-decenyl acetate, 3-Methylene-7-methyl-7-octenyl propionate, (1R,2R,3S)-(2,3,4,4-Tetramethylcyclopentyl)-methyl acetate, (1R,3R)-2,2-Dimethyl-3-(2- methylprop-1-enyl)-cyclopropyl-methyl (R)-2-acetoxy-3-methylbutanoate, (1R,3R)-3- Isopropenyl-2,2-dimethylcyclobutylmethyl 3-methyl-3-butenoate, (1R,3R)-cis-2,2-Dimethyl-3- isopropenyl-cyclobutanemethanol acetate, (E)-((1S,3R)-2,2-Dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1- enyl)cyclopropyl) 2-methylbut-2-enoate, (E)-2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-2,4-hexadienyl acetate, (E)-2- Isopropyl-5-methylhexa-3,5-dienyl acetate, (R)-(2,2-Dimethyl-3-isopropylidenecyclobutyl)- methyl 3-methylbut-2-enoate, (R)-1,2-Dimethyl-3-methylenecyclopentyl-acetaldehyde, (R)-2- Isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexenyl (S)-2-methylbutanoate, (R)-5-Methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-hex-4- enyl acetate, (R)-5-Methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-hex-4-enyl propionate, (R)-Lavandulyl (R)-2- methylbutanoate, (R,R)-trans-(3,4,5,5-Tetramethylcyclopent-2-en-1-yl)-methyl 2- methylpropanoate, (S)-5-Methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-hex-4-en-1-ol, (S)-5-Methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2- yl)-hex-4-enyl 3-methyl-2-butenoate, (S)-5-Methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-hex-4-enyl 3- methylbutanoate, [(R)-2,2-Dimethyl-3-(1-methylethylidene)-cyclobutyl]methyl (S)-2- methylbutanoate, 2-(1,5,5-Trimethylcyclopent-2-enyl)-ethyl acetate, 2,2,3,4-Tetramethyl-3- cyclopentenemethan-1-ol, 2,2,3,4-Tetramethyl-3-cyclopentenyl-methyl isobutyrate, 2,2-Dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-cyclopropyl-methanol, 2,2-Dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1- enyl)-cyclopropyl-methyl 2-acetoxy-3-methylbutanoate, 2,2-Dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)- cyclopropyl-methyl 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate, 2,6-Dimethyl-1,5-heptadien-3-yl acetate, 2- Isopropyliden-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-yl butyrate, 3-Methyl-3-butenyl 5-methylhexanoate, o- Caffeoyltyrosine, trans-(1R,3R)-Chrysanthemyl (R)-2-methylbutanoate, 4-(p-Acetoxyphenyl)- butan-2-one, Dodecanoic Acid, (E)-4,8-Dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, (E,E)-4,8,12-Trimethyl- 1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene, (E)-6,10-Dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one, 11,15- Dimethylhentriacontane, 11,15-Dimethylnonacosane, 11,15-Dimethyltritriacontane, 11- Methylhentriacontane, 11-Methylheptacosane, 11-Methylnonacosane, 11-Methyltritriacontane, 13,17-Dimethylhentriacontane, 13,17-Dimethyltritriacontane, 13-Methylhentriacontane, 13- Methylheptacosane, 13-Methylnonacosane, 13-Methyltritriacontane, 15-Methylhentriacontane, 15-Methylnonacosane, 15-Methyltritriacontane, 17-Methyltritriacontane, 2-Butyl dodecanoate, 2- Methylheptacosane, 2-Methylhexacosane, 2-Methylnonacosane, 2-Methyloctacosane, 2- Methylpentacosane, 3,7-Dimethylheptacosane, 3-Methylheptacosane, 3-Methylnonacosane, 3- Methylpentacosane, 5,15-Dimethylheptacosane, 5-Methylheptacosane, Acetic acid, Decanoic acid, Docosanal, Dodecan-1-ol, Dotriacontane, Ethyl undecanoate, Hentriacontane, Heptacosanal, Heptacosane, Hexacosanal, Hexacosane, Hexadecane, Hexanoic acid, Isopropyl tetradecanoate, Nonacosane, Octacosanal, Octacosane, Pentacosanal, Pentacosane, Pentadecanoic acid, Pentatriacontane, Tetracosanal, Tetracosane, Tetradecanoic acid, Tetratriacontane, Triacontanal, Triacontane, Tricosane, Tritriacontane

[0328] Also of note as examples of pheromones include citral; geranial; neral; tetradecan-1-al; pentadecan-1-al; pentadecen-1-al; hexadecan-1-al; (Z)-9-hexadecen-1-al; (Z)-11- hexadecen-1-al; (7E,9E)-undeca-7,9-dien-1-al; (11Z, 13Z)-hexadecadien-1-al; (9Z,12E)- tetradecadien-1-al; (8E,10E)-dodecadien-1-al; (11Z)-hexadecadien-1-al; (9Z)-tetradecen-1-al; 6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-ol; (6E)-7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene; [1S- (1a,2b,5 a)]- 4,6,6-trimethyl-Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-ol; 10-Hexadecenal; (Z)-10-hexadecenal; (E)-10-hexadecenal; and combinations thereof.

[0329] An example of a natural pesticidal oil includes Neem oil.

[0330] Any of the water-soluble salts are appropriate in this formulation. Examples of appropriate salts are common inorganic salts. Appropriate salts are those that are easily water-soluble and that are selected from the group consisting of alkali metal halide, alkaline earth metal halide, ammonium halide, alkali metal sulfate, alkaline earth metal sulfate, ammonium sulfate, alkali metal nitrate, alkaline earth metal nitrate, ammonium nitrate, alkali metal carbonate, and ammonium carbonate. Examples of alkali metal halides include LiCl, LiBr, LiI, NaCl, NaBr, NaI, KF, KCl, KBr, KI, RbF, RbCl, RbBr, and RbI. Examples of alkaline earth metal halides include MgCl2, MgBr2, Mgl2, CaCl2, CaBr2, CaI2, SrCl2, SrBr2, SrI2, BaCl2, BaBr2, and BaI2. Examples of ammonium halide include NH4F, NH4Cl, NH4Br, and NH4I. Examples of alkali metal sulfate are Li2SO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, and Rb2SO4. An example of an alkaline earth metal sulfate is MgSO4. Ammonium sulfate is (NH4)2SO4. Examples of alkali metal nitrate include LiNO3,NaNO3, KNO3, and RbNO3. Examples of alkaline earth metal nitrate include Mg(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2, and Sr(NO3)2. Ammonium nitrate is NH4NO3. Examples of alkali metal carbonate include Na2CO3, K2CO3, and Rb2CO3. Ammonium carbonate is (NH4)2CO3.

[0331] The compositions according to the present disclosure can be employed for the selective control of grasses and annual and perennial monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous harmful plants the presence of useful plants such as maize, soya, peas, beans, oilseed rape, sugar cane, cassava, pumpkins, potatoes, vegetables, wheat, rice, and tobacco. Within the scope of this invention is also the control of such harmful plants found among transgenic useful plants or among useful plants selected by classical means which are resistant to active ingredients. Likewise, the compositions can be employed for controlling undesirable harmful plants in plantation crops.

[0332] Among harmful plants, e.g. weeds or volunteer crop plants, that may be controlled are Abutilon theophrasti (ABUTH), Acalypha virginica (ACCVI), Alopecurus myosuroides (ALOMY), Amaranthus retroflexus (AMARE), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (AMBEL), Anagallis arvensis (ANGAR), Apera spica-venti (APESV), Arrhenatherum elatius (ARREB), Calystegia sepium (CAGSE), Capsella bursa-pastoris (CAPBP), Centaurea cyanus (CENCY), Chenopodium album (CHEAL), Chenopodium hybridum (CHEHY), Chenopodium polyspermum (CHEPO), Cirsium arvense (CIRAR), Convolvulus arvensis (CONAR), Cynodon dactylon (CYNDA), Cyperus difformis (CYPDI), Cyperus iria (CYPIR), Datura stramonium (DATST), Daucus carota(DAUCA), Descurainia sophia (DESSO), Digitaria sanguinalis (DIGSA), Echinochloa crus-galli (ECHCG), Echinochloa colonum (ECHCO), Fumaria officinalis (FUMOF), Galium aparine (GALAP), Galinsoga quadriradiata (GASCI), Geranium dissectum (GERDI), Geranium mole (GERMO), Geranium pusillum (GERPU), Hibiscus trionum (HIBTR), Lamium amplexicaule (LAMAM), Lamium purpureum (LAMPU), Buglossoides arvensis (LITAR), Lolium multiflorum (LOLMU), Lolium perenne (LOLPE), Lolium rigidum (LOLRI), Matricaria chamomilla (MATCH), Tripleurospermum inodorum (MATIN), Mercurialis annua (MERAN), Panicum dichotomiflorum (PANDI), Panicum miliaceum (PANMI), Papaver rhoeas (PAPRH), Phalaris minor (PHAMI), Poa annua (POAAN), Polygonum aviculare (POLAV), Fallopia convolvulus (POLCO), Persicaria hydropiper (POLHY), Persicaria lapathifolia (POLLA), Persicaria maculosa (POLPE), Portulaca oleracea (POROL), Potentilla tridentate (PTLTR), Senecio vulgaris (SENVU), Setaria pumila (SETPU), Setaria viridis (SETVI), Solanum nigrum (SOLNI), Sorghum halepense (SORHA), Stellaria media (STEME), Trifolium incarnatum (TRFIN), Veronica arvensis (VERAR), Veronica hederifolia (VERHE), Veronica persica (VERPE), Viola arvensis (VIOAR), and Xanthium strumarium (XANST), and combinations thereof.

[0333] Also among harmful plants, e.g. weeds or volunteer crop plants, that may be controlled are Digitaria ischaemum, Matricaria spp., Myosotis arvensis, Poa spp., Polygonum convolvulus, Polygonum persicaria, Portulaca oleracea, and Setaria geniculate.

[0334] Also among harmful plants, e.g. weeds or volunteer crop plants, that may be controlled are annual blue grass, annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum), ball medic (Medicago spp.), barley grass (Hordeum murinum), bedstraw (Galium tricornutum), Benghal dayflower, bifora (Bifora testiculata), black grass, black night shade, broadleaf signal grass, brome grass (Bromus spp.), Canada thistle, capeweed (Arctotheca calendula), cheat, chickweed (Stellaria media), common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum), common ragweed, corn poppies, doublegee (Emex australis), field violet, fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) giant foxtail, fumitory (Fumaria spp), goose grass, green fox tail, guinea grass, hairy beggarticks, herbicide-resistant black grass, horseweed, Indian hedge mustard (Sisymbrium orientale), Italian rye grass, Jersey cudweed (Gnaphalium luteoalbum), jimsonweed, johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), large crabgrass, lesser loosestrife (Lythrum hyssopifolia), little seed cany grass, morning glory, Patterson’s Curse (Echium plantagineum), Pennsylvania smartweed, phalaris (Phalaris paradoxa), pittedmorningglory, prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola), prickly sida, quack grass, redflowered mallow (Modiola caroliniana), redroot pigweed, rough poppy (Papaver hybridum), serradella, shatter cane, shepherd’s purse, silky windgrass, silvergrass (Vulpia bromoides), sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus), sub-clover (Trifolium spp.), sunflower (as weed in potato), volunteer chickpea, faba beans, field peas, lentils, lupins and vetch, wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus), wild mustard (Brassica kaber), wild oat (Avena fatua), wild pointsettia, wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum), wild turnip (Rapistrum rugosum, Brassica tournefortii), wireweed (Polygonum aviculare), yellow foxtail, and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus).

[0335] Preferred harmful plants, e.g. weeds or volunteer crop plants, that may be controlled are wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum), velvetleaf, jimsonweed, common cocklebur, and hairy beggarticks. Especially preferred harmful plants, e.g. weeds or volunteer crop plants, that may be controlled are wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum).

[0336] Compositions of this disclosure are useful for controlling a wide spectrum of invertebrate pests. These pests include invertebrates inhabiting a variety of environments such as, for example, plant foliage, roots, soil, harvested crops or other foodstuffs, building structures or animal integuments. These pests include, for example, invertebrates feeding on foliage (including leaves, stems, flowers and fruits), seeds, wood, textile fibers or animal blood or tissues, and thereby causing injury or damage to, for example, growing or stored agronomic crops, forests, greenhouse crops, ornamentals, nursery crops, stored foodstuffs or fiber products, or houses or other structures or their contents, or being harmful to animal health or public health. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that not all compositions are equally effective against all growth stages of all pests.

[0337] These present compositions are thus useful agronomically for protecting field crops from phytophagous invertebrate pests, and also nonagronomically for protecting other horticultural crops and plants from phytophagous invertebrate pests. This utility includes protecting crops and other plants (i.e. both agronomic and nonagronomic) that contain genetic material introduced by genetic engineering (i.e. transgenic) or modified by mutagenesis to provide advantageous traits. Examples of such traits include tolerance to herbicides, resistance to phytophagous pests (e.g., insects, mites, aphids, spiders, nematodes, snails, plant-pathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses), improved plant growth, increased tolerance of adverse growing conditionssuch as high or low temperatures, low or high soil moisture, and high salinity, increased flowering or fruiting, greater harvest yields, more rapid maturation, higher quality and / or nutritional value of the harvested product, or improved storage or process properties of the harvested products. Transgenic plants can be modified to express multiple traits. Examples of plants containing traits provided by genetic engineering or mutagenesis include varieties of corn, cotton, soybean and potato expressing an insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis toxin such as YIELD GARD®, KNOCKOUT®, STARLINK®, BOLLGARD®, NuCOTN®and NEWLEAF®, INVICTA RR2 PROTM, and herbicide-tolerant varieties of corn, cotton, soybean and rapeseed such as ROUNDUP READY®, LIBERTY LINK®, IMI®, STS®and CLEARFIELD®, as well as crops expressing N- acetyltransferase (GAT) to provide resistance to glyphosate herbicide, or crops containing the HRA gene providing resistance to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase (ALS). The present compositions may exhibit enhanced effects with traits introduced by genetic engineering or modified by mutagenesis, thus enhancing phenotypic expression or effectiveness of the traits or increasing the invertebrate pest control effectiveness of the present compounds and compositions. In particular, the present compositions may exhibit enhanced effects with the phenotypic expression of proteins or other natural products toxic to invertebrate pests to provide greater-than- additive control of these pests.

[0338] Compositions of this disclosure can also optionally comprise plant nutrients, e.g., a fertilizer composition comprising at least one plant nutrient selected from nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, boron, manganese, zinc, and molybdenum. Of note are compositions comprising at least one fertilizer composition comprising at least one plant nutrient selected from nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium and magnesium. Compositions of the present disclosure which further comprise at least one plant nutrient can be in the form of liquids or solids. Of note are solid formulations in the form of granules, small sticks or tablets. Solid formulations comprising a fertilizer composition can be prepared by mixing the composition of the present disclosure with the fertilizer composition together with formulating ingredients and then preparing the formulation by methods such as granulation or extrusion. Alternatively solid formulations can be prepared by spraying a solution or suspension of a composition of the present disclosure in a volatile solvent onto a previous prepared fertilizercomposition in the form of dimensionally stable mixtures, e.g., granules, small sticks or tablets, and then evaporating the solvent.

[0339] Nonagronomic uses refer to invertebrate pest control in the areas other than fields of crop plants. Nonagronomic uses of the present compositions include control of invertebrate pests in stored grains, beans and other foodstuffs, and in textiles such as clothing and carpets. Nonagronomic uses of the present compositions also include invertebrate pest control in ornamental plants, forests, in yards, along roadsides and railroad rights of way, and on turf such as lawns, golf courses and pastures. Nonagronomic uses of the present compositions also include invertebrate pest control in houses and other buildings which may be occupied by humans and / or companion, farm, ranch, zoo or other animals. Nonagronomic uses of the present compositions also include the control of pests such as termites that can damage wood or other structural materials used in buildings.

[0340] Nonagronomic uses of the present compositions also include protecting human and animal health by controlling invertebrate pests that are parasitic or transmit infectious diseases. The controlling of animal parasites includes controlling external parasites that are parasitic to the surface of the body of the host animal (e.g., shoulders, armpits, abdomen, inner part of the thighs) and internal parasites that are parasitic to the inside of the body of the host animal (e.g., stomach, intestine, lung, veins, under the skin, lymphatic tissue). External parasitic or disease transmitting pests include, for example, chiggers, ticks, lice, mosquitoes, flies, mites and fleas. Internal parasites include heartworms, hookworms and helminths. Compositions of the present disclosure are suitable for systemic and / or non-systemic control of infestation or infection by parasites on animals. Compositions of the present disclosure are suitable for combating external parasitic or disease transmitting pests. Compositions of the present disclosure are suitable for combating parasites that infest agricultural working animals, such as cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, donkeys, camels, buffalos, rabbits, hens, turkeys, ducks, geese and bees; pet animals and domestic animals such as dogs, cats, pet birds and aquarium fish; as well as so-called experimental animals, such as hamsters, guinea pigs, rats and mice. By combating these parasites, fatalities and performance reduction (in terms of meat, milk, wool, skins, eggs, honey, etc.) are reduced, so that applying a composition of the present disclosure allows more economic and simple husbandry of animals.

[0341] Examples of agronomic or nonagronomic invertebrate pests include eggs, larvae and adults of the order Lepidoptera, such as armyworms, cutworms, loopers, and heliothines in the family Noctuidae (e.g., pink stem borer (Sesamia inferens Walker), corn stalk borer (Sesamia nonagrioides Lefebvre), southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridania Cramer), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith), beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua Hübner), cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval), yellowstriped armyworm (Spodoptera ornithogalli Guenée), black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel), velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner), green fruitworm (Lithophane antennata Walker), cabbage armyworm (Barathra brassicae Linnaeus), soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens Walker), cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni Hübner), tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens Fabricius)); borers, casebearers, webworms, coneworms, cabbageworms and skeletonizers from the family Pyralidae (e.g., European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner), navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella Walker), corn root webworm (Crambus caliginosellus Clemens), sod webworms (Pyralidae: Crambinae) such as sod worm (Herpetogramma licarsisalis Walker), sugarcane stem borer (Chilo infuscatellus Snellen), tomato small borer (Neoleucinodes elegantalis Guenée), green leafroller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée), grape leaffolder (Desmia funeralis Hübner), pickleworm (Diaphania nitidalis Stoll), cabbage center grub (Hellula hydralis Guenée), yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker), white stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata Walker), top shoot borer (Scirpophaga nivella Fabricius), dark-headed rice borer (Chilo polychrysus Meyrick), striped riceborer (Chilo suppressalis Walker), cabbage cluster caterpillar (Crocidolomia binotalis Zeller)); leafrollers, budworms, seed worms, and fruit worms in the family Tortricidae (e.g., codling moth (Cydia pomonella Linnaeus), grape berry moth (Paralobesia viteana Clemens), oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta Busck), citrus false codling moth (Cryptophlebia leucotreta Meyrick), citrus borer (Gymnandrosoma aurantianum Lima), redbanded leafroller (Argyrotaenia velutinana Walker), obliquebanded leafroller (Choristoneura rosaceana Harris), light brown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana Walker), European grape berry moth (Eupoecilia ambiguella Hübner), apple bud moth (Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott), omnivorous leafroller (Platynota stultana Walsingham), barred fruit-tree tortrix (Pandemis cerasana Hübner), apple brown tortrix (Pandemis heparana Denis & Schiffermüller)); and many other economically important lepidoptera (e.g., diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella Linnaeus), pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders), gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar Linnaeus), peach fruit borer(Carposina niponensis Walsingham), peach twig borer (Anarsia lineatella Zeller), potato tuberworm (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller), spotted teniform leafminer (Phyllonorycter blancardella Fabricius), Asiatic apple leafminer (Lithocolletis ringoniella Matsumura), rice leaffolder (Lerodea eufala Edwards), apple leafminer (Leucoptera scitella Zeller)); eggs, nymphs and adults of the order Blattodea including cockroaches from the families Blattellidae and Blattidae (e.g., oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis Linnaeus), Asian cockroach (Blatella asahinai Mizukubo), German cockroach (Blattella germanica Linnaeus), brownbanded cockroach (Supella longipalpa Fabricius), American cockroach (Periplaneta americana Linnaeus), brown cockroach (Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister), Madeira cockroach (Leucophaea maderae Fabricius)), smoky brown cockroach (Periplaneta fuliginosa Serville), Australian Cockroach (Periplaneta australasiae Fabr.), lobster cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea Olivier) and smooth cockroach (Symploce pallens Stephens)); eggs, foliar feeding, fruit feeding, root feeding, seed feeding and vesicular tissue feeding larvae and adults of the order Coleoptera including weevils from the families Anthribidae, Bruchidae, and Curculionidae (e.g., boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman), rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel), granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius Linnaeus), rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus)), annual bluegrass weevil (Listronotus maculicollis Dietz), bluegrass billbug (Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal), hunting billbug (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus Chittenden), Rocky Mountain billbug (Sphenophorus cicatristriatus Fahraeus)); flea beetles, cucumber beetles, rootworms, leaf beetles, potato beetles, and leafminers in the family Chrysomelidae (e.g., Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera LeConte)); chafers and other beetles from the family Scarabaeidae (e.g., Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman), oriental beetle (Anomala orientalis Waterhouse, northern masked chafer (Cyclocephala borealis Arrow), southern masked chafer (Cyclocephala immaculata Olivier or C. lurida Bland), dung beetle and white grub (Aphodius spp.), black turfgrass ataenius (Ataenius spretulus Haldeman), green June beetle (Cotinis nitida Linnaeus), Asiatic garden beetle (Maladera castanea Arrow), May / June beetles (Phyllophaga spp.) and European chafer (Rhizotrogus majalis Razoumowsky)); carpet beetles from the family Dermestidae; wireworms from the family Elateridae; bark beetles from the family Scolytidae and flour beetles from the family Tenebrionidae.

[0342] In addition, agronomic and nonagronomic pests include: eggs, adults and larvae of the order Dermaptera including earwigs from the family Forficulidae (e.g., European earwig(Forficula auricularia Linnaeus), black earwig (Chelisoches morio Fabricius)); eggs, immatures, adults and nymphs of the order Hemiptera such as, plant bugs from the family Miridae, cicadas from the family Cicadidae, leafhoppers (e.g. Empoasca spp.) from the family Cicadellidae, bed bugs (e.g., Cimex lectularius Linnaeus) from the family Cimicidae, planthoppers from the families Fulgoridae and Delphacidae, treehoppers from the family Membracidae, psyllids from the families Liviidae, Psyllidae, and Triozidae, whiteflies from the family Aleyrodidae, aphids from the family Aphididae, phylloxera from the family Phylloxeridae, mealybugs from the family Pseudococcidae, scales from the families Coccidae, Diaspididae and Margarodidae, lace bugs from the family Tingidae, stink bugs from the family Pentatomidae, chinch bugs (e.g., hairy chinch bug (Blissus leucopterus hirtus Montandon) and southern chinch bug (Blissus insularis Barber)) and other seed bugs from the family Lygaeidae, spittlebugs from the family Cercopidae squash bugs from the family Coreidae, and red bugs and cotton stainers from the family Pyrrhocoridae.

[0343] Agronomic and nonagronomic pests also include : eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults of the order Acari (mites) such as spider mites and red mites in the family Tetranychidae (e.g., European red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch), twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch), McDaniel spider mite (Tetranychus mcdanieli McGregor)); flat mites in the family Tenuipalpidae (e.g., citrus flat mite (Brevipalpus lewisi McGregor)); rust and bud mites in the family Eriophyidae and other foliar feeding mites and mites important in human and animal health, i.e. dust mites in the family Epidermoptidae, follicle mites in the family Demodecidae, grain mites in the family Glycyphagidae; ticks in the family Ixodidae, commonly known as hard ticks (e.g., deer tick (Ixodes scapularis Say), Australian paralysis tick (Ixodes holocyclus Neumann), American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis Say), lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum Linnaeus)) and ticks in the family Argasidae, commonly known as soft ticks (e.g., relapsing fever tick (Ornithodoros turicata Duges), common fowl tick (Argas radiatus Raillet)); scab and itch mites in the families Psoroptidae, Pyemotidae, and Sarcoptidae; eggs, adults and immatures of the order Orthoptera including grasshoppers, locusts and crickets (e.g., migratory grasshoppers (e.g., Melanoplus sanguinipes Fabricius, M. differentialis Thomas), American grasshoppers (e.g., Schistocerca americana Drury), desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forsskål), migratory locust (Locusta migratoria Linnaeus), bush locust (Zonocerus spp.), house cricket (Acheta domesticus Linnaeus), mole crickets (e.g., tawny mole cricket (Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder) and southern mole cricket (Scapteriscus borellii Giglio-Tos)); eggs, adults and immatures of the order Dipteraincluding leafminers (e.g., Liriomyza spp. such as serpentine vegetable leafminer (Liriomyza sativae Blanchard)), midges, fruit flies (Tephritidae), frit flies (e.g., Oscinella frit Linnaeus), soil maggots, house flies (e.g., Musca domestica Linnaeus), lesser house flies (e.g., Fannia canicularis Linnaeus, F. femoralis Stein), stable flies (e.g., Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus), face flies, horn flies, blow flies (e.g., Chrysomya spp., Phormia spp.), and other muscoid fly pests, horse flies (e.g., Tabanus spp.), bot flies (e.g., Gasterophilus spp., Oestrus spp.), cattle grubs (e.g., Hypoderma spp.), deer flies (e.g., Chrysops spp.), keds (e.g., Melophagus ovinus Linnaeus) and other Brachycera, mosquitoes (e.g., Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp.), black flies (e.g., Prosimulium spp., Simulium spp.), biting midges, sand flies, sciarids, and other Nematocera; eggs, adults and immatures of the order Thysanoptera including onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman), flower thrips (Frankliniella spp.), and other foliar feeding thrips; insect pests of the order Hymenoptera including ants of the Family Formicidae including the Florida carpenter ant (Camponotus floridanus Buckley), red carpenter ant (Camponotus ferrugineus Fabricius), black carpenter ant (Camponotus pennsylvanicus De Geer), white-footed ant (Technomyrmex albipes F. Smith), big headed ants (Pheidole sp.), ghost ant (Tapinoma melanocephalum Fabricius); Pharaoh ant (Monomorium pharaonis Linnaeus), little fire ant (Wasmannia auropunctata Roger), fire ant (Solenopsis geminata Fabricius), red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren), Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr), crazy ant (Paratrechina longicornis Latreille), pavement ant (Tetramorium caespitum Linnaeus), cornfield ant (Lasius alienus Förster) and odorous house ant (Tapinoma sessile Say). Other Hymenoptera including bees (including carpenter bees), hornets, yellow jackets, wasps, and sawflies (Neodiprion spp.; Cephus spp.); insect pests of the order Isoptera including termites in the Termitidae (e.g., Macrotermes sp., Odontotermes obesus Rambur), Kalotermitidae (e.g., Cryptotermes sp.), and Rhinotermitidae (e.g., Reticulitermes sp., Coptotermes sp., Heterotermes tenuis Hagen) families, the eastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar), western subterranean termite (Reticulitermes hesperus Banks), Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki), West Indian drywood termite (Incisitermes immigrans Snyder), powder post termite (Cryptotermes brevis Walker), drywood termite (Incisitermes snyderi Light), southeastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes virginicus Banks), western drywood termite (Incisitermes minor Hagen), arboreal termites such as Nasutitermes sp. and other termites of economic importance; insect pests of the order Thysanura such as silverfish (Lepisma saccharina Linnaeus) and firebrat (Thermobia domestica Packard);insect pests of the orders Mallophaga and Phthiraptera, and including the head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer), body louse (Pediculus humanus Linnaeus), chicken body louse (Menacanthus stramineus Nitzsch), dog biting louse (Trichodectes canis De Geer), fluff louse (Goniocotes gallinae De Geer), sheep body louse (Bovicola ovis Schrank), short-nosed cattle louse (Haematopinus eurysternus Nitzsch), long-nosed cattle louse (Linognathus vituli Linnaeus) and other sucking and chewing parasitic lice that attack man and animals; insect pests of the order Siphonoptera including the oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis Rothschild), cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis Bouché), dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis Curtis), hen flea (Ceratophyllus gallinae Schrank), sticktight flea (Echidnophaga gallinacea Westwood), human flea (Pulex irritans Linnaeus) and other fleas afflicting mammals and birds. Additional arthropod pests covered include: spiders in the order Araneae such as the brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch & Mulaik) and the black widow spider (Latrodectus mactans Fabricius), and centipedes in the order Scutigeromorpha such as the house centipede (Scutigera coleoptrata Linnaeus).

[0344] Examples of invertebrate pests of stored grain include larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus Horn), lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica Fabricius), rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus), maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky), cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius), red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst), granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius Linnaeus), Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella Hübner), Mediterranean flour beetle (Ephestia kuehniella Zeller) and flat or rusty grain beetle (Cryptolestes ferrugineus Stephens).

[0345] Compositions of the present disclosure may be useful to control members of the Classes Nematoda, Cestoda, Trematoda, and Acanthocephala including economically important members of the orders Strongylida, Ascaridida, Oxyurida, Rhabditida, Spirurida, and Enoplida such as but not limited to economically important agricultural pests (i.e. root knot nematodes in the genus Meloidogyne, lesion nematodes in the genus Pratylenchus, stubby root nematodes in the genus Trichodorus, etc.) and animal and human health pests (i.e. all economically important flukes, tapeworms, and roundworms, such as Strongylus vulgaris in horses, Toxocara canis in dogs, Haemonchus contortus in sheep, Dirofilaria immitis Leidy in dogs, Anoplocephala perfoliata in horses, Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus in ruminants, etc.).

[0346] Compositions of the disclosure may be useful to control pests in the order Lepidoptera (e.g., Alabama argillacea Hübner (cotton leaf worm), Archips argyrospila Walker (fruit tree leaf roller), A. rosana Linnaeus (European leaf roller) and other Archips species, Chilo suppressalis Walker (rice stem borer), Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (rice leaf roller), Crambus caliginosellus Clemens (corn root webworm), Crambus teterrellus Zincken (bluegrass webworm), Cydia pomonella Linnaeus (codling moth), Earias insulana Boisduval (spiny bollworm), Earias vittella Fabricius (spotted bollworm), Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Old World bollworm), Helicoverpa zea Boddie (corn earworm), Heliothis virescens Fabricius (tobacco budworm), Herpetogramma licarsisalis Walker (sod webworm), Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermüller (grape berry moth), Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders (pink bollworm), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (citrus leafminer), Pieris brassicae Linnaeus (large white butterfly), Pieris rapae Linnaeus (small white butterfly), Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (diamondback moth), Spodoptera exigua Hübner (beet armyworm), Spodoptera litura Fabricius (tobacco cutworm, cluster caterpillar), Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (fall armyworm), Trichoplusia ni Hübner (cabbage looper) and Tuta absoluta Meyrick (tomato leafminer)).

[0347] Compositions of the disclosure may be useful to control members from the order Hemiptera including: Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (pea aphid), Aphis craccivora Koch (cowpea aphid), Aphis fabae Scopoli (black bean aphid), Aphis gossypii Glover (cotton aphid, melon aphid), Aphis pomi De Geer (apple aphid), Aphis spiraecola Patch (spirea aphid), Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach (foxglove aphid), Chaetosiphon fragaefolii Cockerell (strawberry aphid), Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov / Mordvilko (Russian wheat aphid), Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini (rosy apple aphid), Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann (woolly apple aphid), Hyalopterus pruni Geoffroy (mealy plum aphid), Lipaphis pseudobrassicae Davis (turnip aphid), Metopolophium dirrhodum Walker (rose-grain aphid), Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas (potato aphid), Myzus persicae Sulzer (peach-potato aphid, green peach aphid), Nasonovia ribisnigri Mosley (lettuce aphid), Pemphigus spp. (root aphids and gall aphids), Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch (corn leaf aphid), Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus (bird cherry-oat aphid), Schizaphis graminum Rondani (greenbug), Sitobion avenae Fabricius (English grain aphid), Therioaphis maculata Buckton (spotted alfalfa aphid), Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe (black citrus aphid), and Toxoptera citricidus Kirkaldy (brown citrus aphid); Adelges spp. (adelgids); Phylloxera devastatrix Pergande (pecan phylloxera); Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (tobacco whitefly, sweetpotato whitefly), Bemisia argentifolii Bellows& Perring (silverleaf whitefly), Dialeurodes citri Ashmead (citrus whitefly) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (greenhouse whitefly); Empoasca fabae Harris (potato leafhopper), Laodelphax striatellus Fallén (smaller brown planthopper), Macrosteles quadrilineatus Forbes (aster leafhopper), Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler (green rice leafhopper), Nephotettix nigropictus Stål (rice leafhopper), Nilaparvata lugens Stål (brown planthopper), Peregrinus maidis Ashmead (corn planthopper), Sogatella furcifera Horváth (white-backed planthopper), Tagosodes orizicolus Muir (rice delphacid), Typhlocyba pomaria McAtee (white apple leafhopper), Erythroneura spp. (grape leafhoppers); Magicidada septendecim Linnaeus (periodical cicada); Icerya purchasi Maskell (cottony cushion scale), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock (San Jose scale); Planococcus citri Risso (citrus mealybug); Pseudococcus spp. (other mealybug complex); Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster (pear psylla), Trioza diospyri Ashmead (persimmon psylla).

[0348] Compositions of this disclosure may be useful to control members from the order Hemiptera including: Acrosternum hilare Say (green stink bug), Anasa tristis De Geer (squash bug), Blissus leucopterus leucopterus Say (chinch bug), Cimex lectularius Linnaeus (bed bug) Corythucha gossypii Fabricius (cotton lace bug), Cyrtopeltis modesta Distant (tomato bug), Dysdercus suturellus Herrich-Schäffer (cotton stainer), Euschistus servus Say (brown stink bug), Euschistus variolarius Palisot de Beauvois (one-spotted stink bug), Graptostethus spp. (complex of seed bugs), Halyomorpha halys Stål (brown marmorated stink bug), Leptoglossus corculus Say (leaf-footed pine seed bug), Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois (tarnished plant bug), Nezara viridula Linnaeus (southern green stink bug), Oebalus pugnax Fabricius (rice stink bug), Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas (large milkweed bug), Pseudatomoscelis seriatus Reuter (cotton fleahopper). Other insect orders controlled by compositions of the disclosure include Thysanoptera (e.g., Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (western flower thrips), Scirtothrips citri Moulton (citrus thrips), Scirtothrips variabilis Beach (soybean thrips), and Thrips tabaci Lindeman (onion thrips); and the order Coleoptera (e.g., Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Colorado potato beetle), Epilachna varivestis Mulsant (Mexican bean beetle) and wireworms of the genera Agriotes, Athous or Limonius).

[0349] Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art using the preceding description can utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The followingExamples are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting of the disclosure in any way whatsoever. EXAMPLES

[0350] The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

[0351] Example 1. Synthesis.

[0352] Because lactic acid is easily degradable, dipropylene glycol dilactate ester was prepared and used to prepare an isocyanate-terminated urethane prepolymer. A mixture of isocyanate-terminated urethane prepolymers containing degradable ester moieties and polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate (PAPI 27) was used to improve the stability of the capsules. The segments of the capsule containing the degradable moieties enables the disintegration of the mixed capsules and their ultimate mineralization.

[0353] A two-step process was followed to prepare microcapsules. In the first step, excess of diisocyanate (2 moles) precursor is reacted with the polyol (1 mole) to yield isocyanate- terminated urethane prepolymers. The isocyanates used were 2,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (Lupranate MI), toluene diisocyanate, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), and polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate (PAPI 27). Along with these isocyanates, a commercial urethane prepolymer (Lupranate 5030) was also used.

[0354] In a second step, the isocyanate-terminated urethane prepolymers prepared in the first step were used to prepare microencapsulated herbicides. A mixture of beflubutamid-M + bixlozone was used as the model system for encapsulation. The isocyanate prepolymers along with the herbicides were dissolved in water immiscible organic solvent and emulsified. Amines were added to the aqueous phase for the interfacial polymerization to yield the capsules. The various tested isocyanate prepolymers and cross-linking amines used are shown in Table 1.

[0355] Table 1. Reactants. Isocyanate-containing compound Amine-containingIsocyanate prepolymer Cross-linking agent ne ne ne ne ne

[0356] Example 2. Preparation of diphenyl methane diisocyanate (Lupranate MI) + CAPA 3050 urethane prepolymer.

[0357] CAPA 3050 (135 g) was dried under vacuum to remove any residual moisture. Then it was transferred to a temperature controlled (25 °C) three neck round bottom flask fitted with an overhead stirrer. Then, 187.5 g of Lupranate was diluted with 214.5 g of Aromatic 200ND and slowly added to the CAPA 3050 using an addition funnel. The solution was vigorously stirred during the addition. After completing the addition, temperature was slowly raised to 60 °C and maintained for 1 hour to complete the preparation of CAPA 3050 based Lupranate MI urethane prepolymer (537 g).

[0358] Example 3. Preparation of diphenyl methane diisocyanate (Lupranate MI) + Dipropylene glycol dilactate urethane prepolymer.

[0359] Dipropylene glycol dilactate (34.79 g) was dried under vacuum to remove any residual moisture. Then it was transferred to a temperature controlled (25 °C) three neck round bottom flask fitted with an overhead stirrer. Then, 62.5 g of Lupranate MI was diluted with 32.43 g of Aromatic 200ND and slowly added to the dipropylene glycol using an addition funnel. The solution was vigorously stirred during the addition. After completing the addition temperature was slowly raised to 60 °C and maintained for 1 hour to complete the preparation of dipropylene glycol dilactate based Lupranate MI urethane prepolymer (129.72 g).

[0360] Example 4. Encapsulation formulation using a polycaprolactone-based urethane prepolymer.

[0361] An encapsulation formulation of a beflubutamid-M + bixlozone mixture using CAPA 3050-based Lupranate MI urethane prepolymer is shown in Table 2. To prepare this formulation, beflubutamid-M technical and bixlozone technical were dissolved in CAPA 350- based Lupranate MI urethane prepolymer solution. This constituted the organic phase. The temperature was raised to 70 °C to yield a clear solution. Water and Reax 88B were mixed and heated to 70 °C. This constituted the aqueous phase. For the encapsulation process, the aqueous phase was charged to an encapsulation reactor under slow stirring, the organic phase was added, and the stirring was increased to 3000 rpm for 30 seconds to yield an oil-in-water emulsion. Hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) was added at once to the emulsion under stirring, and an instantaneous reaction between the isocyanate and the amine leads to the wall formation around the organic droplets by interfacial polymerization. The capsule suspension was cured at 60 °C for 6 hours. Salts, xanthan gum, and pH adjusters were added at the end to complete the process.

[0362] Table 2. Encapsulation formulation. Ingredients Amount (wt%)Sodium nitrate 2.0

[0363] Example 5. Encapsulation formulation using mixed isocyanates.

[0364] An encapsulation formulation of a beflubutamid-M+ bixlozone mixture using mixed isocyanates is shown in Table 3. To prepare this formulation, beflubutamid-M technical and bixlozone technical were dissolved in Aromatic 200ND at 70 °C. Then, 3-Methyl propanediol-1,3 dilactate ester-based Lupranate MI urethane prepolymer (75% solution) and PAPI 27 were added. This constituted the organic phase. The temperature was raised to 70 °C to yield a clear solution. Water, Reax 88B, and Mowiol 8-88 were mixed and heated to 70 °C. This constituted the aqueous phase. For the encapsulation process, the aqueous phase was charged to an encapsulation reactor under slow stirring, the organic phase was added, and the stirring was increased to 3000 rpm for 30 seconds to yield an oil-in-water emulsion. Bis(3-aminopropyl) amine was added at once to the emulsion under stirring, and an instantaneous reaction between the isocyanate and the amine leads to the wall formation around the organic droplets by interfacial polymerization. The capsule suspension was cured at 60 °C for 6 hours. Salts, xanthan gum, and pH adjusters were added at the end to complete the process.

[0365] Table 3. Encapsulation formulation.Ingredients Amount (wt%)

[0366] Example 6. Encapsulation formulation using an ester-containing triisocyanate prepolymer.

[0367] An encapsulation formulation of a beflubutamid-M + bixlozone mixture using an ester-containing triisocyanate prepolymer is shown in Table 4. To prepare the ester-containing triisocyanate prepolymer, 2 moles of hydroxyethyl acrylate was reacted with 1 mole ethanolamineto yield the triol adduct. This triol adduct was then reacted with excess xylene diisocyanate (m- XDI) to yield the following triisocyanate prepolymer (Triisocyanate Prepolymer 1).triisocyanate Takenate D-110 in a 75:25 mole ratio and reacted with hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) by interfacial polymerization to encapsulate bixlozone according to the formulation in Table 4.

[0369] Table 4. Encapsulation formulation. Ingredients Amount (wt%)Sodium nitrate 4.00

[0370] Example 7: Alternate Preparation of Triisocyanate Prepolymer 1 (i.e. Alternate procedure to prepare Triisocyanate Prepolymer 1 described in Example 6) Step A: Preparation of 2-hydroxyethyl 3-[[3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-oxopropyl](2- hydroxyethyl)amino]propanoate (CAS No. 2099010-79-2) Ethanolamine (2.62 g, 42.888 mmol, 1 eq.) was added dropwise via pipet to 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (10.209 g, 87.921 mmol, 2.05 eq.) in a 40 mL vial under nitrogen, with ice-water bath cooling to maintain the internal temperature below 15 °C. The thick colorless solution was stirred overnight at ambient temperature for 16 h. The1H NMR spectrum of an aliquot of the yellow, thick solution indicated presence of desired product and consumption of ethanolamine, along with a minor amount of unreacted excess 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate. The reaction was diluted with diethyl ether (10 mL) and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 5 min. The stirring was stopped, and after the layers settled, the top layer of organic solvent was removed by pipet. This was repeated two more times. Acetonitrile was then added to the remaining oil layer, and the mixture was transferred to a round bottomed flask and concentrated under reduced pressure at 45 °C to provide a thick yellow oil (11.95 g, 40.741 mmol; 95.0% yield)1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO d6): δ 4.77 (t, 2H), 4.25 (t, 1H), 4.01 (dd, 4H), 3.55 (q, 4H), 3.37– 3.43 (m, 3H), 2.72 (t, 4H), 2.48 (t, 2H), 2.41 (t, 4H).Step B: Preparation of 2-[[[[3-(isocyanatomethyl)phenyl]methyl]carbamoyl)oxy]ethyl 3- [[3-[2-[[[[3-(isocyanatomethyl)phenyl]methyl]carbamoyl]oxy]ethoxy]-3- oxopropyl)([2-[[[[3- (isocyanatomethyl)phenyl]methyl]carbamoyl]oxy]ethyl]]amino]propanoate (Triisocyanate Prepolymer 1) 1,3-Bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene (m-XDI, 8.422 g, 7.007 mL, 1.202 g / mL, 44.755 mmol, 6.5 eq.) was heated in a 60 mL vial fitted with condenser, and N2 inlet and heated to 55°C. A yellow solution of 2-hydroxyethyl 3-[[3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-oxopropyl](2- hydroxyethyl)amino]propanoate (CAS No.2099010-79-2) (i.e. the product of Example 7, Step A) (2.02 g, 6.885 mmol, 1 eq.) and acetophenone (20.196 mL, 0.341 M, 10 volumes) was added dropwise via pipet over 25 min. After stirring for 16 h at ambient temperature overnight, the reaction appeared to be thicker and more viscous. The1H NMR spectrum of an aliquot in CD3CN indicated signals consistent with the desired productsignals are broad), and disappearance of signals from the starting materials. While stirring at 55 °C, 20 mL cyclohexane was added to the reaction mixture via pipet. The reaction became cloudy and stirring continued for 5 min at 55°C. The vial was removed from stirring and allowed to stand and settle at ambient temperature. Separation and precipitation of a tacky-oil product was observed. The top cloudy layer was removed via pipet. Repeated addition of 20 mL cyclohexane and after stirring for 5 min, removed from stirring (repeated 2 ×) and removed the supernatant organic liquid by pipet. LCMS [M+H]+= 858.3; [M–H]–= 856.3. Agnique AMD 10 (9.063 g) was added to the product to make an approximately 25% suspension to provide 12.084 g total mass of the precipitated oil suspended in Agnique AMD 10 suitable for use to prepare microcapsules by interfacial polymerization.

[0371] Example 8: Preparation of Triisocyanate Prepolymer 2:Step A: Preparation of N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-β-alanine 4-hydroxybutyl ester (CAS No. 350684-78-5) Diethanolamine (3.253 g, 30.939 mmol, 1 eq.) was added dropwise via pipet to 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate (4.572 g, 31.713 mmol, 1.025 eq.) in a 40 mL vial under a nitrogen atmosphere, maintaining the temperature below 15°C using an external ice-water bath. The resulting thick colorless solution was stirred for 16 h at ambient temperature. The1H NMR spectrum of an aliquot of the thick, colorless solution indicated consumption of diethanolamine, desired product, and unreacted 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate (~ 20%). The reaction mixture was again cooled in an ice water bath and additional diethanolamine was added (6.34 mmol, 0.666 g). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 16 h. Diethyl ether was added to to the reaction vial (10 mL) and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 5 min. The stirring was stopped, and, after the layers settled, the top layer of organic solvent was removed by pipet. This was repeated two more times. Acetonitrile was added to the remaining oil layer, and the mixture was transferred to a round bottomed flask and concentrated under reduced pressure at 50 °C to yield to provide 7.148 g of colorless oil (94.4%, with 2.6% unreacted 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate).1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO d6): δ 4.41 (t, 1H), 4.27 (t, 2H), 4.00 (t, 2H), 3.37–3.42 (m, 7H), 2.76 (t, 2H), 2.51 (t, 4H), 2.40 (t, 2H), 1.55–1.62 (m, 2H), 1.41–1.49 (m, 3H).Step B: Preparation of 4-[[[[3-(isocyanatomethyl)phenyl]methyl]carbamoyl]oxy]butyl 3- [bis[[2-[[[[3- (isocyanatomethyl)phenyl]methyl]carbamoyl]oxy]ethyl]]amino]propanoate (Triisocyanate Prepolymer 2) 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene (m-XDI, 13.385 g, 11.135 mL, 1.202 g / mL, 71.125 mmol, 6.5 eq.) was heated in a 60 mL vial fitted with condenser, and nitrogen inlet and heated to 55°C. A colorless solution of N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-β-alanine 4-hydroxybutyl ester (CAS No. 350684-78-5) (i.e. the product of Example 8, Step A) (2.728 g, 10.942 mmol, 1 eq.) and acetophenone (27.28 mL, 0.401 M, 10 volumes) was added dropwise via pipet over 25 min. then stirred for 16 h at 55°C under nitrogen. The resulting reaction mixture appeared to be thicker and more viscous.1H NMR of an aliquot in CD3CN indicated disappearance of the starting materials and signals that are consistent with the desired product (product signals are broad). While stirring at 55 °C, 20 mL cyclohexane was added to the reaction via pipet such that it became cloudy as it stirred. The mixture was stirred for 5 min at 55 °C, then stirring was removed to allow the mixture to settle at ambient temperature. No separation could be observed, so additional cyclohexane was added (20 mL), and the mixture was stirred for 5 min at 55 °C. Separation and precipitation of a tacky-oil product was observed. The top cloudy layer was removed via pipet. Repeated addition of 30 mL cyclohexane and after stirring for 5 min, removed from stirring (2 ×). The supernatant liquid was removed by pipet. Agnique AMD 10 (8.906 g) was added to make an approximate 50% suspension (17.812 g approximate total mass) of the precipitated oil suspended in Agnique AMD 10. LCMS [M+H]+= 814.3; [M–H]–= 812.3.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A microcapsule comprising: a core comprising an agrochemical active ingredient; and a shell encapsulating the core, wherein the shell comprises a reaction product of at least one isocyanate-containing compound and at least one amine-containing compound, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound and / or the at least one amine-containing compound comprises at least one ester group, and wherein the reaction product comprises at least one ester group. 2 The microcapsule of claim 1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound is aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or aromatic. 3 The microcapsule of claim 1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound is selected from diisocyanate compounds, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 2,2,4- and 2,4,4- trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (TMDI), 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5- isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate or IPDI), perhydro-2,4'- and -4,4'- diphenylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI), 1,4-diisocyanato-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexane (TMCDI), 1,3- and 1,4-bis(isocyanato methyl)cyclohexane, m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI), p-xylylene diisocyanate (p-XDI), m- and p-tetramethyl-1,3- and -1,4-xylylene diisocyanate (m- and p- TMXDI), 2,4- and 2,6-tolylenediisocyanate (TDI), 4,4'- 2,4'- and 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), polymeric MDI (PMDI), homologues thereof, isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof. 4 The microcapsule of claim 1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound is a reaction product of at least one starter isocyanate-containing compound and at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound is selected from polyester polyols, oligoesterols, ester diols, diester diols, diester triols, triester triols, diester tetraols, tetraester-tetraols, polyester polyols comprising 1-2 heteroatoms selected from O, S, and N, polyester polyols comprising at least one functional group selected from ether, disulfide, thioether, imine, and nitrile, polyester polyols comprising at least one functional group selected from lactones and caprolactones, and combinations thereof.

5. The microcapsule of claim 1, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound is a reaction product of at least one starter isocyanate-containing compound and at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound is selected from a) a compound of Formula I (Formula I)R11 is selected from H and linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl; R12is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; and n11 is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 4; b) a compound of Formula II (Formula II)wherein: R21is selected from linear and branched C1-C6alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl;R22 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; R23 is selected from H, linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; n21 is an integer in a range of from about 2 to about 6; n22 is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; and n23is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; c) a compound of Formula III (Formula III)wherein: R31 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R32 is selected from direct bonds, linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl, R34, R35-R34, R35-R34-R36, and R35-R34(R37)-R36; R33 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R34 is selected from N, O, and S;R35 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; R36 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; and R37 is selected from linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; d) a compound of Formula IV (Formula IV)wherein: R41is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R42is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl;R43 is selected from H, linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; R44 is selected from H, linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; n41is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; n42 is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 2; n43 is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; n44is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; n45is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; and n46 is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; e) a compound of Formula V (Formula V)wherein: R51is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl;R52 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; R53 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; R54 is selected from H, linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; R55is selected from H, linear and branched C1-C6alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; R56 is selected from H, linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; n51 is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; n52 is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; n53is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; n54 is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; n55 is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; and n56is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; f) a reaction product of at least one C2-C6 aliphatic triol; and at least one hydroxyalkanoic acid; g) a reaction product ofat least one C2-C8 aliphatic diol; and at least one tricarboxylic acid; h) a compound of Formula VIR61is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R62is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R63is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R64is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; R65 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl;R66 is selected from H, linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; R67 is selected from H, linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; n61is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; and n62 is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; i) a compound of Formula IX (Formula IX)R91 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R92is selected from linear and branched C1-C6alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; R93is selected from linear and branched C1-C6alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; R94 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkylR95 is selected from linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; R96 is selected from linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; R97is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; n91is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; n92is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; n93 is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; and n94 is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; j) a compound of Formula X (Formula X)wherein: R101 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl;R102 is selected from linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; R103 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R104 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; n101is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; and n102 is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; and k) a compound of Formula XI (Formula XI)wherein: R111is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl;R112 is selected from linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl, unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; R113 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R114 is selected from linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; n111is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; and n112 is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5. The microcapsule of claim 5, wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound is selected from a compound of Formula I, Formula II, Formula III, Formula IV, Formula V, Formula VI, Formula IX, Formula X, and Formula XI, and wherein the at least one hydroxyl-terminated compound is a reaction product of at least one polyol selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4- butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5- pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol; and at least one further component selected from the group consisting of: at least one hydroxycarboxylic acid selected from glycolic acid, lactic acid, 3- hydroxybutyric acid, and 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid; at least one aminocarboxylic acid; and at least one dicarboxylic acid selected from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, oxalic acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, ether-based dicarboxylic acids, diglycolic acid, 3,3’-oxydipropanoic acid, 4,4’- oxydibutyric acid, thioether-based dicarboxylic acids, 2,2′-thiodiacetic acid, 3,3′-thiodipropionic acid, 4,4′-thiodibutanoic acid, dithiodiglycolic acid, disulfide-based dicarboxylic acids, 3,3′-dithiodipropionic acid, 4,4′-dithiodibutyric acid, and methyliminodiacetic acid.

7. The microcapsule of claim 1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound is selected from aliphatic amines, aliphatic amines comprising at least two primary amino groups, aliphatic polyamines, ethylenediamine, 1,2-propanediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 2-methyl-1,2- propanediamine, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, 1,3-butanediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, 1,3- pentanediamine, 1,5-pentanediamine, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,5-pentanediamine, 1,6- hexamethylenediamine (HMDA), methylbis(3-aminopropyl)amine, 1,5-diamino-2- methylpentane (MPMD), cycloaliphatic polyamines, 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, 1,3- diaminocyclohexane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane (HMDA), bis(4- amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane, 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane (isophoronediamine or IPDA), homologues thereof, isomers thereof, and combinations thereof. 8 The microcapsule of claim 1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound is selected from polyester amines, polyester polyamines, oligoesteramines, ester diamines, diester diamines, polyester polyols comprising at least one amino group, and combinations thereof. 9 The microcapsule of claim 1, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound is selected from a) a compound of Formula VII (Formula VII)wherein: R71is H;R72 is selected from H, linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R73 is H; R74is selected from H, linear and branched C1-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; n71is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; n72is an integer in a range of from about 2 to about 6; and n73 is an integer in a range of from about 0 to about 1; b) a compound of Formula VIII (Formula VIII)R81is H; R82 is selected from H, linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; R83is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl, R86, R87-R86, R87-R86-R88, and R87-R86(R89)-R88; R84is H;R85 is selected from H, linear and branched C2-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R86 is selected from N, O, and S; R87is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6 cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl; R88is selected from linear and branched C2-C6alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; R89 is selected from linear and branched C1-C6 alkyl and saturated or unsaturated C5-C6cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl optionally substituted with a linear or branched C1-C4alkyl; n81 is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5; and n82is an integer in a range of from about 1 to about 5. The microcapsule of claim 11, wherein the at least one amine-containing compound is selected from a compound of Formula VII and Formula VIII, and wherein the at least one amine- containing compound is a reaction product of at least one amino acid; and at least one further component selected from the group consisting of: at least one polyol selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3- propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,5- pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5- pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 2,2'- dithiodiethanol, and 3,3'-disulfanediyldi(1-propanol); andat least one amino alcohol selected from alkanolamines, ethanolamine, 2- (methylamino)ethanol, 3-amino-1-propanol, 4-amino-1-butanol, 5-amino-1-pentanol, 6- amino-1-hexanol, 3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)propylamine, and 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol.

11. The microcapsule of claim 10, wherein the at least one amino acid is selected from glycine, sarcosine, alanine and β-alanine.

12. The microcapsule of claim 1, wherein the shell further comprises a material selected from synthetic polymers, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polycarbonates, polythiocarbonates, semi-synthetic materials, modified celluloses, modified starch derivatives, natural materials, gum Arabic, agar agar, dextrins, alginic acid, alginic acid salts, biodegradable natural polymers, collagen, polysaccharides, starch, dextrin, waxes, chitosan, alginate, cellulose, gelatin, derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof.

13. An agrochemical composition comprising the microcapsule of claim 1.

14. The agrochemical composition of claim 14, wherein the agrochemical composition further comprises an auxiliary selected from dispersants, surfactants, biocides, antifoamers, antifreeze agents, rheology modifiers, wetting agents, solvents, salts, and combinations thereof.

15. The agrochemical composition of claim 14, wherein the agrochemical composition is in a form selected from a premix and a tank mix.

16. The agrochemical composition of claim 14, wherein the agrochemical composition is in a form selected from capsule suspension concentrates (CS), mixtures of suspension concentrates (SC) and capsule suspension concentrates (CS) formulations (ZC), flowable concentrates for seed treatment (FS), granules (GR), mixed formulations of capsule suspension concentrates (CS) and aqueous suspo-emulsions (SE) formulations (ZE), mixtures of capsule suspension concentrates (CS) and oil-in-water emulsions (EW) formulations (ZW), wettable powders (WP), and combinations thereof..

17. A method of making a microcapsule comprising:a core comprising an agrochemical active ingredient; and a shell encapsulating the core, wherein the shell comprises a reaction product of at least one isocyanate-containing compound and at least one amine-containing compound, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound and / or the at least one amine-containing compound comprises at least one ester group, and wherein the reaction product comprises at least one ester group, wherein the method comprises encapsulating the core with the shell.

18. The method of claim 18, wherein encapsulating the core with the shell comprises encapsulation with a technique selected from solvent evaporation, in-situ polymerization, interfacial polymerization, emulsion polymerization, simple and complex coacervation, layer-by-layer deposition, liposomes, interfacial crosslinking, spray coating, pan coating, and combinations thereof.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein encapsulating the core with the shell comprises forming a mixture comprising: at least one isocyanate-containing compound; and at least one amine-containing compound; reacting the at least one isocyanate-containing compound and the at least one amine- containing compound to form the reaction product of the at least one isocyanate-containing compound and the at least one amine-containing compound; and encapsulating the core with the reaction product.

20. The method of claim 20, wherein the mixture further comprises the core.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the mixture further comprises a material selected from synthetic polymers, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polycarbonates, polythiocarbonates, semi-synthetic materials, modified celluloses, modified starch derivatives, natural materials, gum Arabic, agar agar, dextrins, alginicacid, alginic acid salts, biodegradable natural polymers, collagen, polysaccharides, starch, dextrin, waxes, chitosan, alginate, cellulose, gelatin, derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof.

22. A method for controlling a pest, the method comprising applying to the pest or an environment of the pest a composition comprising a microcapsule comprising: a core comprising an agrochemical active ingredient; and a shell encapsulating the core, wherein the shell comprises a reaction product of at least one isocyanate-containing compound and at least one amine-containing compound, wherein the at least one isocyanate-containing compound and / or the at least one amine-containing compound comprises at least one ester group, and wherein the reaction product comprises at least one ester group.

23. The method of claim 23, wherein the agrochemical active ingredient is present in a biologically effective amount.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the pest is selected from vertebrate pests, invertebrate pests, vegetation, fungi, nematodes, and combinations thereof.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein the pest is vegetation, and wherein the method comprises applying the composition to the vegetation or to a locus thereof or applying the composition to a soil or crop to prevent an emergence or growth of the vegetation.

26. The method of claim 26, wherein the vegetation comprises at least one herbicide resistant or herbicide-tolerant weed species.

27. The method of any of claims 26, wherein the vegetation comprises a weed selected from a broad leaf weed and a grass weed.

28. The method of claim 26, wherein the vegetation is selected from Abutilon theophrasti (ABUTH), Acalypha virginica (ACCVI), Alopecurus myosuroides (ALOMY), Amaranthus retroflexus (AMARE), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (AMBEL), Anagallis arvensis (ANGAR), Apera spica-venti (APESV), Arrhenatherum elatius (ARREB), Calystegia sepium (CAGSE), Capsella bursa-pastoris (CAPBP), Centaurea cyanus (CENCY), Chenopodium album (CHEAL), Chenopodium hybridum (CHEHY), Chenopodium polyspermum (CHEPO), Convolvulus arvensis (CONAR), Cynodon dactylon (CYNDA), Cyperus difformis (CYPDI), Cyperus iria (CYPIR), Datura stramonium (DATST), Daucus carota (DAUCA), Descurainia sophia (DESSO), Digitaria sanguinalis (DIGSA), Echinochloa crus-galli (ECHCG), Echinochloa colonum (ECHCO), Fumaria officinalis (FUMOF), Galium aparine (GALAP), Galinsoga quadriradiata (GASCI), Geranium dissectum (GERDI), Geranium mole (GERMO), Geranium pusillum (GERPU), Hibiscus trionum (HIBTR), Lamium amplexicaule (LAMAM), Lamium purpureum (LAMPU), Buglossoides arvensis (LITAR), Lolium multiflorum (LOLMU), Lolium perenne (LOLPE), Lolium rigidum (LOLRI), Matricaria chamomilla (MATCH), Tripleurospermum inodorum (MATIN), Mercurialis annua (MERAN), Panicum dichotomiflorum (PANDI), Panicum miliaceum (PANMI), Papaver rhoeas (PAPRH), Phalaris minor (PHAMI), Poa annua (POAAN), Polygonum aviculare (POLAV), Fallopia convolvulus (POLCO), Persicaria hydropiper (POLHY), Persicaria lapathifolia (POLLA), Persicaria maculosa (POLPE), Portulaca oleracea (POROL), Potentilla tridentate (PTLTR), Senecio vulgaris (SENVU), Setaria pumila (SETPU), Setaria viridis (SETVI), Solanum nigrum (SOLNI), Sorghum halepense (SORHA), Stellaria media (STEME), Trifolium incarnatum (TRFIN), Veronica arvensis (VERAR), Veronica hederifolia (VERHE), Veronica persica (VERPE), Viola arvensis (VIOAR), and Xanthium strumarium (XANST), and combinations thereof. The method of claim 26, wherein the composition is applied at a stage selected from pre- emergence, post-emergence, and combinations thereof.

30. A triisocyanate prepolymer of the following Formula . 31..

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