Integrated sustainable cultivation system with chinampas, aquaculture and communicating vessels

Abstract

The present invention discloses how this innovation could help solve the most important challenges facing humanity: food, the combination of aquaculture and the problem of bladderwrack. The system of chinampa pots with bladderwrack as food for fish is a novel, effective and sustainable alternative for increasing food production and improving our quality of life. Background of the invention. "Integrated Sustainable Cultivation System with Chinampas, Aquaculture and Communicating Vessels using planktonic macroalgae as Food" is based on traditional chinampas, which are a cultivation system used since pre-Hispanic times in Mexico. Chinampas are artificial islands created in lakes and swamps where different types of plants and vegetables were cultivated. The proposed invention with the system of pots with communicating vessels uses the traditional technique of chinampas in any area, such as an urban area, like on green roofs, as mentioned, overcoming the drawbacks to install them, and on balconies and in gardens of housing units where maintenance is in its early stages and where water is lacking. This system makes it possible to use the technique of chinampas in any rural area regardless of the characteristics of the soil, such as: Soils in which plants no longer grow and have very few nutrients, which hinders plant growth, and compacted soils, which prevents roots from penetrating and properly developing. Soils can also have an unbalanced pH, being either too acidic or too alkaline, which negatively affects the ability of the plants to absorb nutrients. Lastly, these soils can be contaminated with toxic substances, such as chemicals or heavy metals, or they can be rocky or salty soils. The pots provide an effective way to use the water and nutrients, creating an ideal environment for the growth of all that needs to be cultivated.

Description

[0001] "Integrated Sustainable Farming System with Chinampas, Aquaculture and Communicating Vessels"

[0002] 1. Object of the invention.

[0003] Irrigation systems are methods for supplying water to crops in a controlled and efficient manner. There are different types of irrigation systems, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Some of these are:

[0004] - Sprinkler irrigation: This system uses sprinklers to spray water over crops. However, it has some drawbacks, such as evaporation, as some water is lost before reaching the plants. Furthermore, irrigation uniformity can be an issue, as some areas may receive more water than others.

[0005] - Furrow irrigation: In this system, furrows are created in the soil to guide water to plant roots. However, it also has shortcomings, such as excessive infiltration, which can lead to water loss through leaching. Furthermore, water distribution can be uneven, affecting plant growth.

[0006] - Drip irrigation: This system uses tubes with small holes to deliver water directly to the root zone. Although it's more efficient in terms of water use, it can cause clogging of the holes and require constant maintenance.

[0007] - Flood irrigation: In this system, the field is flooded with water and allowed to infiltrate the soil. However, there can be significant water loss through evaporation and leaching, as well as uneven water distribution. In the cases mentioned, the loss of this vital liquid is close to 70%.

[0008] The irrigation system using perforated pipes to deliver water directly to the roots has its advantages and disadvantages. In short, the irrigation system with buried pipes can be an excellent option for maximizing water use and improving irrigation efficiency, but it's important to consider the costs and required maintenance.

[0009] Through invention, we are presenting an innovative method that consists of creating microenvironments for cultivation using pots inspired by chinampas. These pots are specially designed to obtain healthier crops. With this system, crops do not depend on rainfall nor are they at risk of suffering the ravages of drought.

[0010] This irrigation method has several benefits, such as reducing water loss by efficiently distributing it directly to the roots, and using less water and increasing its efficiency. With this root irrigation method, plant growth is healthier and more nutritious, as it provides a constant supply of water and nutrients benefited by the sargassum. This translates into more productive and higher-quality crops.

[0011] In short, the problem of excessive water loss in conventional irrigation systems can be efficiently solved by using the chinampa irrigation method. This method not only reduces water waste but also benefits crop growth and allows for greater irrigation control.

[0012] The invention we are proposing solves another environmental and economic problem: Sargassum is a well-known algae that accumulates on the Caribbean coasts and represents a difficult problem to solve. However, there is a way to harness sargassum and turn it into a useful resource. The patent application being filed aims to protect an innovative combination of flowerpots, circular aquaculture, and the use of sargassum as food in fish farming. This system presents a novel and unique solution that benefits both fish and plants, creating a circular economy.

[0013] Unlike established methods, this revolutionary approach allows plants and fish to feed on sargassum in a circular process, providing nutritional benefits and improving water quality. This integration of pots with aquaculture ponds, along with the strategic use of sargassum, represents a first in this field and opens up new possibilities for more efficient and environmentally friendly aquaculture. It combines a hybrid system with fish and pots using the chinampa technique. This technique involves creating organic material on which plants are grown and feeding fish with specially prepared sargassum to provide a natural, economical, and more beneficial food.

[0014] Background of the invention.

[0015] The invention we present is based on the knowledge of chinampas, an ancient farming system used by Mesoamerican peoples to efficiently use water. Chinampas are built in lake areas and consist of elevated floating platforms made of earth and mud with organic materials, creating a kind of raised "bed." This layer is compacted and reinforced with branches and logs placed over water channels, which provide moisture and nutrients to the plants, while the platform prevents soil erosion and allows for efficient use of space. This invention is a very ancient and sustainable solution, used by farmers to grow a variety of foods and adaptable to different environments. It rescues the legacy of the Olmecs and Aztecs, who developed chinampas as a way of life and an agricultural technique.

[0016] Hydroponics, as a well-known cultivation technique, has advantages and disadvantages. Its benefits include resource efficiency, reduced agrochemical use, and the ability to grow crops in small spaces. Among its challenges are initial cost, dependence on electricity, and the need for rigorous maintenance. Therefore, hydroponics is an option that requires careful evaluation and proper training for its sustainable implementation.

[0017] Aquaponics: This is a technique that combines fish and plant farming in a single system. This technique has advantages and challenges that must be considered. Among the advantages is resource efficiency. The water in the system is reused, reducing water consumption. Fish waste is converted into plant food, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers. The goal is to produce healthy, fresh food. Aquaponic fish and plants are of good quality and do not contain harmful substances. Among the challenges is the proper nutrient balance between fish and plants. If there are more fish than necessary, there may be too many nutrients in the water, affecting plant growth. If there are more plants than necessary, they can absorb all the nutrients and harm the fish's health.

[0018] Furthermore, aquaponics requires constant monitoring and proper care. It is important to balance water quality, pH, and temperature to ensure an optimal environment for fish and plants. This can require time and technical expertise. In short, aquaponics is a technique that integrates fish and plant farming in a symbiotic system. This technique offers benefits in terms of resource efficiency and healthy food production. However, it also entails challenges in terms of proper balance and constant monitoring. Another topic is Green Roofs: With this innovation we are proposing, we offer a technical and economic solution for the implementation of green roofs. Roofs are an ecological and sustainable alternative to mitigate the effects of climate change and protect buildings. However, it is important to consider both their advantages and disadvantages.

[0019] Green roofs offer many benefits, including improved thermal insulation, air purification, reduction of the heat island effect, and rainwater management. However, green roofs require a high initial investment, regular maintenance, and structural adaptation. Green roofs are an attractive option for creating green spaces in cities; however, their feasibility and costs must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

[0020] Summary of the invention

[0021] To address the problems outlined above, the invention sought to be protected by this application details its components and operation.

[0022] Our innovative proposal consists of assembling two pots (4) that are formed together, characterizing the Chinampas system. These pots (4) are composed of two containers or pots (13, 18), which can be configured in different shapes: round, square or rectangular. These are assembled by placing one inside the other. One of the containers (13) is suitable for depositing the crop (2), the other container (18) is intended to supply water for irrigation, its characteristic is to have a plurality of holes (14), which serve to absorb water to keep the substrate moist (17). The second container or pot (18), which is an irrigation reservoir, is hermetically coupled, leaving an empty space (20) between them, for the water to circulate and through holes (22) that allows air circulation to oxygenate and improve the development of the plants (2).In addition, the container (18) has some side holes (19), which with a PVC copy (10) allows to connect, by means of hoses (5), with another pot forming a system of communicating vessels distributing the water and nutrients throughout the system.

[0023] Overhead irrigation, that is, spraying water on the leaves and stems, promotes plant hydration and helps clean away dust and debris that may accumulate on the leaf surface. Furthermore, water can help dissolve and transport nutrients to the roots through foliar absorption. However, this irrigation method does not provide deep hydration to the roots and can increase moisture in the foliage, which can promote the development of fungal diseases.

[0024] On the other hand, watering plants below the roots—that is, directly into the soil around the base of the plant—allows water to filter through the soil and reach the roots, providing more direct nutrition. This watering method helps promote healthy root development and facilitates the absorption of nutrients and minerals from the soil. Additionally, watering from below prevents excess moisture on the foliage.

[0025] In short, overhead irrigation can be beneficial for surface hydration and foliar nutrient absorption, while overhead irrigation promotes deeper root hydration and efficient nutrient absorption from the soil. The choice of irrigation method will depend on the specific needs of each plant and the environmental conditions. This irrigation system can operate manually or automatically, ensuring a constant and adequate supply of water to the pots while allowing for proper drainage. Manual irrigation requires simply filling a container with water in the appropriate amounts according to the crops, without having to water the plants individually, saving you time and effort. Automatic irrigation, on the other hand, involves installing a moisture level sensor in one of the pots. This sensor sends a signal to a solenoid valve that regulates the flow of water from an external source.This ensures that the plants receive the necessary amount of water and that the excess drains properly. It is an optimal system for keeping plants healthy. It integrates a filtration system (3) to keep the water clean and free of impurities. This system consists of a biological filter placed in one of the pots and containing organic and inorganic material that acts as a support for nitrifying bacteria. These bacteria are capable of transforming organic waste from plants and fish into nitrates, which are assimilated by the plants as nutrients. In this way, the accumulation of toxic substances is avoided and water quality is improved.

[0026] A nutrient monitoring system ensures that plants receive the nutrients they need for growth. This system consists of a pH meter and an electrical conductivity meter placed in one of the pots, which measure the acidity and salinity of the water, respectively. These parameters indicate the nutritional status of the plants and allow the dosage of fertilizers or amendments to be adjusted to the water using an automatic dosing device.

[0027] This irrigation system applies water directly to the root zone, thus avoiding water waste through runoff or evaporation and optimizing the use of this vital resource. With this irrigation system, plants receive an adequate and natural amount of water, which promotes their growth and health. This results in more abundant and higher-quality harvests, with lower energy and resource consumption.

[0028] Another positive aspect is that the chinampa irrigation system allows for greater control over the amount of water used. By being able to adjust the amount of water delivered to each crop, overwatering is avoided and problems such as soil saturation are prevented. It also provides a solution if irrigation is done manually, rather than watering the pots individually, resulting in less movement, since with this system, only one container or cistern is filled, and a single person can water any number of plants in a single operation and in less time.

[0029] In conclusion, the problem of excessive water loss in conventional irrigation systems can be efficiently solved through the use of the Integrated Sustainable Farming System with Chinampas, Aquaculture, and Communicating Vessels irrigation method. This method not only reduces water waste but also promotes crop growth and allows for greater control over irrigation. Other challenges we face due to food shortages can be addressed; a novel solution is being sought to address this problem. One innovative proposal is the integration of aquaculture and the chinampa pot system by supplementing sargassum as fish feed. This combination promises to be an effective solution for increasing food production sustainably, and would give sargassum a very substantial use.

[0030] Aquaculture, or fish farming, complemented by the chinampa system, which allows for the cultivation of plants in an aquatic environment. This synergy between fish farming and plant cultivation could provide a diversified and sustainable food source in the immediate future. A promising solution to address the challenge of food scarcity.

[0031] Fish farming, also known as aquaponics, is a system that combines fish farming with plant cultivation in a symbiotic cycle. Nutrient-rich fish waste is used by the plants as food, while the plants purify the water for the fish. This system is highly sustainable and more economical than current systems that require special facilities with extensive infrastructure and high energy costs.

[0032] By combining these two systems, creating a "hybrid aquatic culture" system, we can achieve extraordinary benefits. With the Chinampas Pot Culture System using the Communicating Vessel method, pots can be adapted to house fish, thus allowing fish breeding and plant cultivation in the same area.

[0033] This composition allows us to diversify our food production. We can grow different types of plants and raise different species of fish, giving us a greater variety of available foods. This is especially important in a context of climate change and population growth, where the demand for food is ever-increasing and natural resources are becoming increasingly scarce.

[0034] Brief description of the figures.

[0035] To complement the description being made and in order to help better understand the characteristics of the invention, the description is accompanied, as an integral part thereof, by drawings in which, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:

[0036] Figure 1 shows the general components of the system: the pond where the fish live (1); the plants can be seen (2); a type of filter composed of various elements that process the water can be seen (3); the flowerpots with the system of communicating vessels (4); flexible hose tubes (5); connecting elbows (6); a pump to recycle and oxygenate the water (7); PVC pipe for supply and oxygenation (8); cascading water column to oxygenate the water (9).

[0037] Figure 2 shows the pots (4); with their main characteristics: it presents a cross section showing the plant (2); the cultivation container (13); highlighting the absorption perforations (14); we observe the porous stones to retain moisture (15) and (15a) coconut fibers or dry branches (16); the substrate or fertile soil

[0038] (17)

[0039] Figure 3 shows the growing container (13) with the absorption perforations (14) and the series of holes for oxygenation of the roots (21); we see the irrigation reservoir.

[0040] (18) with its perforations (19) for the connection of the hoses (5) and the space of the pot for the water tank (20).

[0041] Figure number 4 shows the hole (22) for air circulation inside the pots.

[0042] Figure number 5 shows us how the hoses (5) are connected to the pots with the connectors: nipple (10), nut (11) and gasket (12).

[0043] Figure number 6 is the threaded nipple (10).

[0044] Figure number 7 is the nut (11).

[0045] Figure 8 is the packaging (12).

[0046] Figure 9 is the 90° elbow (6) Figure 10 is the threaded foot (10) as assembled with the nut (11) and the packing (12).

[0047] Figure 11 shows the perimeter holes (14) of the growing pot.

[0048] Figure 12 shows the holes (14a) in the base of the growing pot.

[0049] Detailed description of the invention.

[0050] The characteristic details of the Integrated Sustainable Farming System with Chinampas, Aquaculture and Communicating Vessels Using Planktonic Macro Algae as Food, are clearly shown in the following description and in the accompanying figures, using equal reference signs to illustrate equal parts of the system.

[0051] According to figures 1 . The system, which is intended to be registered by means of this edict, characterized by integrating aquaculture combining with the innovative system of pots with communicating vessels; The plants planted in communicating vessels associated with aquaculture, allows to improve food production in an efficient and environmentally friendly way. The entire closed system can be appreciated. As a first part, a pond with freshwater fish (1 ) is presented, for the breeding of edible species such as: tilapia, trout, carp and shrimp to mention some species suitable for aquaponics. In the pond (1 ), as an innovation and to contribute to the exploitation of sargassum, the fish could be fed with this seaweed that can be an excellent source of nutrients such as: essential proteins for the growth and development of fish.Rich in vitamins A, C, and E, which are necessary to maintain and strengthen the fish's immune system. Source of minerals such as calcium, iron, potassium, and magnesium, which are necessary for bone development, muscle function, and the regulation of metabolic processes. Fiber, which helps maintain a healthy digestive system.

[0052] As fish consume the sargassum, they digest its contents and transform it into nutrients. The nutrients already processed in the waste are used in the water, providing many benefits to plants. Some of these nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. This has positive effects on plant cultivation, such as increased yield, quality of harvested products, and resistance to diseases and adverse conditions. In addition, optimal plant development is observed, with strong and healthy roots, abundant flowers and fruits, and a vigorous overall appearance. All of this demonstrates the importance of providing plants with the nutrients necessary for proper growth and development.

[0053] The Filter (3), it is very important to use some type of suitable filter to ensure that the water used to irrigate the plants is free of sediment and contaminants. Pond water can have an unbalanced nutrient content, which could affect plant growth and development. For example, excess nitrates can promote algae growth and harm plants.

[0054] Incorporating a filtration device specifically designed to maintain water quality appropriate for fish and plants. The filter (3) can be biological, mechanical, or chemical, or a combination of these. The filter (3) is responsible for removing solid waste, impurities, and toxic substances present in the water, thus improving its quality.

[0055] The pots (4) are connected to each other by hoses or tubes (5) of a diameter that prevents the stagnation of residues that could obstruct the flow of liquid. These tubes are connected to the pots through perforations in the irrigation tank.

[0056] This pipe network is connected to the pots (4) by means of the holes (19) that are presented laterally in the irrigation tank (18), they are connected by means of a threaded nipple (10) joining internally with a nut (11) together with a gasket (12), to avoid leaks or drips; the hoses (5) are only introduced to the nipple without any glue for easy disassembly, with the ease of changing them.

[0057] We have a water pump (7) with the object to recycle the water to the fish pond (1). This pump (7) has two main functions: to supply water to the fish pond (1) and to oxygenate it by means of conventional methods such as: fountains or waterfalls (9), this breaks the mirror and allows the entry of oxygen, water aerators (not shown in the image) that introduces air bubbles, with this it helps to oxygenate the water in the pond (1) and also helps to prevent the formation of ice in the winter. Aquatic plants as nutrients or duckweed (lemna minor), these release oxygen during photosynthesis, helping to maintain adequate oxygen levels in the pond (1) The main objective of these actions is to take care of the health and well-being of the fish that the object is to obtain a very good source of food.

[0058] The object of the present invention will be better understood with the help of the description of the drawings of the attached plan, which characterizes the system of pots with communicating vessels (4). The system consists of two containers or pots, the first is a cross section where the cultivation pot (13) is presented in which the plants (2) are sown in the substrate (17) which is the earth or soil that provides nutrients and physical support for the roots.The substrate (17) is also complemented by a bed of coconut fiber (16) or dry branches can also be used to protect the roots of the plants and they do not rot with excess humidity, improving the structure of the substrate (17), where it is also characterized by using a type of porous stone such as perlite (15) or vermiculite, aggregates that improve aeration, conserving humidity and drainage of the substrate (17) characterized by having a series of perimeter perforations and at the base of the cultivation pot (13) expressly to irrigate the plants in pots, which consists of a water reservoir pot (4) that feeds a cultivation pot (13) where the plants are located. The cultivation pot has several holes that allow the passage of water and air to the substrate and to the roots. In addition, coconut fibers retain moisture efficiently.This is very beneficial for the roots, as it provides a constant supply of water, preventing them from drying out. It also helps prevent waterlogging, as coconut allows for good drainage of excess water. Another advantage is that coconut fibers are porous, allowing oxygen to easily reach the plant roots. This is essential for healthy root growth.

[0059] Another way to improve the plant's substrate is to add porous stones (15) to the bottom of the pot, such as perlite, which is light and has many holes, allowing it to absorb water and maintain good aeration in the plant's soil. When placed at the bottom of the pot, it acts as a drainage layer, preventing excess water from remaining in the roots. Other types of porous stones can also be used, such as gravel, pumice or expanded clay, also called arlite. These stones facilitate water drainage, preventing the roots from rotting due to excess moisture. You can also see the holes (14) that are part of the irrigation and oxygenation system, which are essential for the correct functioning of the system.In the pot with irrigation tank (18), you can see the space, called water reservoir (20) that is formed between the two pots, which allows the accumulation of water forming a microsystem allowing the evaporation of water, moistening the substrate, conserving the humidity for a long time, the system being characterized by not having to water the plants in time, which regularly has to be done, such as a conventional pot has to be watered every three to five days, with the system that we are presenting, they are watered every 15 to 20 days, with a water saving of up to 70% since, with this system the evaporation is a minimum of 5% and there is no runoff as when the pots are watered with a hose and the water is lost, various problems can arise. Some of them are:.

[0060] 1. Soil oversaturation: If water is lost rapidly through the pot's drainage, the soil may become oversaturated and the plant's roots may be affected. This can lead to the development of root diseases or root rot.

[0061] 2. Water waste: If water leaks from the pot, a valuable resource is wasted. In addition, excess water can damage surrounding surfaces, such as flooring or furniture.

[0062] 3. Lack of adequate absorption: If water escapes quickly, the plant's roots may not have enough time to absorb the necessary amount of water and nutrients. This can lead to poor plant growth.

[0063] . In addition, through the perimeter holes (14), air is allowed to enter for oxygenation of the plant. At the base of the pot, tezontle stone is incorporated. The presence of the tezontle stone helps to maintain the water reserve at the base of the pot and prevent constant watering. Figure 3.- shows a series of perimeter holes (14) and (21) that serve to moisten the substrate (17). In addition, we have another series of holes with a smaller diameter around the perimeter to oxygenate the roots of the plant (2).

[0064] Figure 4 shows a hole (22) present in the irrigation tank that performs several important functions. Firstly, it allows the aeration of the water stored in the reservoir. This is essential for maintaining an adequate ambient temperature inside the tank and preventing the proliferation of unwanted microorganisms. Furthermore, the presence of the hole (22) facilitates air circulation inside the water reservoir. This helps prevent the formation of stagnation and ensures adequate oxygenation of the water, which is essential for the proper development of plant roots. In summary, the hole (22) in the irrigation tank performs the functions of aerating the water, maintaining an adequate ambient temperature and promoting air circulation inside the reservoir.

Claims

Claims Having sufficiently described my invention, I consider it a novelty, therefore, I claim as my exclusive property, the contents of the following claims: 1.- An Integrated Sustainable Cultivation System with Chinampas, Aquaculture and Communicating Vessels, comprising at least two pots or containers (4), said containers (4) each comprising a first container which is a first cultivation pot (13) that is arranged to contain a plant (2) within a substrate (17), wherein a layer or bed of coconut fiber (16) is arranged immediately below the substrate (17), and below said bed porous stones (15) are arranged at the bottom of said cultivation pot (13); likewise, said first container (13) has at its bottom and on the peripheral wall, no beyond the height of the porous stones (15) a plurality of holes (14), thus allowing humidification of the substrate (17); said first container (13) also comprises around the peripheral wall, in the portion comprising the substrate (17), a series of holes (21) for the oxygenation of the roots of the plant (2);a second container which is a second irrigation reservoir pot (18) that houses the first container (13) inside, where between the outer surface of the bottom of the first container (13) and the inner surface of the bottom of the second container (18) porous stones (15a) are arranged forming a reservoir or water tank (20) to retain moisture; said Integrated Sustainable Cultivation System with Chinampas, Aquaculture and Communicating Vessels characterized in that: around the peripheral wall of the second container (18) there are arranged at least two holes (19) arranged in the portion comprising the reservoir or water tank (20); both holes (19) at the same height of said peripheral wall of the second container (18);and why: the said at least two pots or containers (4) are connected to each other, by means of the holes (19) arranged in the second container of each of the pots or containers (4), through hoses or tubes (5) and connection elements (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12), thus achieving a closed circuit in the system.; 2.- An Integrated Sustainable Cultivation System with Chinampas, Aquaculture and Communicating Vessels, according to claim 1, characterized in that: the holes (19) arranged in the second container (18), are a plurality of holes (19) which connect to a plurality of pots or containers (4) through hoses or tubes (5) and connection elements (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12), forming a network or matrix of cultivation pots (13) 3.- An Integrated Sustainable Cultivation System with Chinampas, Aquaculture and Communicating Vessels, according to claim 1, characterized in that: the material of the first (13) and second (18) pots can be manufactured from a rigid polypropylene material and the shapes and sizes can be square, round and / or quadrangular, or any geometric shape. 4.- An Integrated Sustainable Cultivation System with Chinampas, Aquaculture and Communicating Vessels, in accordance with any of the preceding claims, characterized in that: it includes a closed circuit aquaponics system comprising a pond (1) for fish, which by means of hoses or tubes (5), is connected to a filter (3), which, by means of a pump water (7) supplies water to the plurality of pots or containers (4) and returns the water to the pond (1) through the upper part of said pond, thus achieving aeration or oxygenation of the water in the pond (1) through a fountain or waterfall technique (9). 5.- An Integrated Sustainable Cultivation System with Chinampas, Aquaculture and Communicating Vessels, with claim 4, characterized in that: the filter (3) can be from the group of mechanical filter, biological filter, chemical filter, and one or a combination of the different types of filters can be used. 6.- An Integrated Sustainable Cultivation System with Chinampas, Aquaculture and Communicating Vessels, with claim 5, characterized in that it includes sargassum as food for fish and plants, this being a growth activator for both fish and plants, it is an activator of micro fauna and a good germination stimulant.

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