Photovoltaic module and photovoltaic roofing system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaics. Disclosed are a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic roofing system, aiming to solve the problem of unreasonable arrangement of support members on photovoltaic modules. The photovoltaic module comprises: a module body and at least two support assemblies connected to the lower surface of the module body, the module body having two oppositely-arranged first edges and two oppositely-arranged second edges, and the first edges being perpendicular to the second edges; the at least two support assemblies are arranged in a first direction, the first direction being parallel to the first edges, each support assembly comprising one or more support members, the plurality of support members being arranged in a second direction, and the second direction being parallel to the second edges; there is a first edge proximity spacing between the support members in the support assembly close to each second edge and the second edge, the distance of the first edge proximity spacing being represented as la1; in the first direction, the distance between the corresponding support members in two adjacent support assemblies is represented as lb1; in the same first direction, la1=1 / 3lb1~1 / 2lb1. The reasonable position arrangement of the support members improves the stability and reliability of support.

Description

Photovoltaic module and photovoltaic roof system

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to and benefits of Chinese patent applications No. 202323075158.9 filed on November 14, 2023 and No. 202311519536.X, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic roofing system. Background Art

[0004] Solar energy is a clean and renewable energy source. In the current development of the photovoltaic industry, solar photovoltaic power generation systems are being used more and more in China, and distributed photovoltaic power stations are becoming increasingly important. Among them, photovoltaic modules, as an important component of photovoltaic power stations, are also becoming increasingly important.

[0005] Photovoltaic modules are installed on the roof. Due to their large size, they are subject to large positive and negative loads, which causes large deformation of the photovoltaic modules. If the supports on the photovoltaic modules are not set properly, the photovoltaic modules may be easily damaged by external loads.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to provide a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic roof system to optimize the setting position of the support members on the photovoltaic module and improve the support stability and reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic module, comprising:

[0009] A component body and at least two groups of support components connected to the lower surface of the component body, the component body having two oppositely disposed first sides and two oppositely disposed second sides, the first sides and the second sides being perpendicular; the at least two groups of support components are arranged along a first direction, the first direction being parallel to the first sides, each group of support components includes one or more support members, the multiple support members are arranged along a second direction, the second direction being parallel to the second sides;

[0010] There is a first edge interval between the support member in the support assembly close to the second edge and the second edge, and the distance of the first edge interval is expressed as l a1 ;

[0011] Along the first direction, the distance between the corresponding support members of two adjacent support assemblies is expressed as l b1 ;

[0012] Among them, in the same first direction, la1 =1 / 3l b1 ~1 / 2l b1 .

[0013] When the above technical solution is adopted, the photovoltaic module itself has a module body and a support module connected together. The module body is a rectangular plate structure with a pair of first sides and a pair of second sides. The first sides and the second sides are perpendicular. At least two groups of support modules are arranged in a direction parallel to the first sides. There is a first adjacent edge gap between the support member in the support module close to the second side and the second side, that is, a section between the second side of the module body and the adjacent support module forms an outward cantilever structure. The distance of the first adjacent edge gap, that is, the outward extension distance of the outward cantilever structure, is expressed as l a1 A section between two adjacent support members arranged in a direction parallel to the first side forms a simply supported portion, and the distance of the simply supported portion is expressed as l b1 Then, in the same direction parallel to the first side, the distance between the cantilever structure formed by the arrangement position of the support member on the component body and the simply supported portion is l a1 =1 / 3l b1 ~1 / 2l b1 The arrangement position of the support member on the component body can ensure that when the photovoltaic component is actually subjected to external loads such as wind pressure, wind suction, snow accumulation, hail, and trampling, the deformation of the parts of the component body located on both sides of the support member in the first direction in the direction of gravity is relatively uniform, and the stress generated is roughly the same. The position setting of the support member is more reasonable, thereby improving the support stability and reliability of the photovoltaic component.

[0014] In some possible implementations, the equivalent thickness of the component body is t eq , the allowable stress of the component body is [σ], and the pressure on the surface of the component body is P; l a1 satisfy: and / or b1 satisfy: Among them, k m is the bending moment coefficient of the component body; or l c satisfy: Among them, l c It is the distance from the support member close to both the first side and the second side to the corner point of the component body closest to the support member.

[0015] When the above technical solution is adopted, the allowable stress and bending moment coefficient of the component body are determined according to the material and size of the cover and back plate selected for the component body, and the equivalent thickness is determined according to the material and thickness of the cover and back plate of the component body. In order to meet the arrangement position of the support in the first direction so that the deformation in the direction of gravity generated by the parts of the component body located on both sides of the support is relatively uniform and the stress generated is roughly the same, when the structure, material and size of the component body and the external load are determined, the distance between the first edge spacing and the simply supported part is designed to satisfy the above formula. Among them, the section from the support member close to the first side and the second side to the nearest corner point of the component body is also an overhanging cantilever structure. When the distance of the overhanging cantilever structure satisfies the above formula, the purpose of high support stability and reliability of the support member can also be achieved. By optimizing the position and design of the support member, the ability of the photovoltaic module to resist hidden cracks is effectively improved, and it can resist the influence of various environmental factors, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the photovoltaic module.

[0016] In some possible implementations, a1 satisfy: or l c satisfy: Thus, by adding a safety factor to the formula, the better setting position of the support in actual engineering applications is better satisfied to ensure that the obtained l a1 and l c The values ​​can meet the support stability requirements of photovoltaic modules and further improve the anti-hidden cracking ability of photovoltaic modules.

[0017] In some possible implementations, c ≤198.8mm.

[0018] In some possible implementations, the component body is a single-glass component, and the equivalent thickness of the component body is t eq is the thickness of single glass; or if the module body is a double glass module, the thickness of the upper glass is t1, the thickness of the lower glass is t2, and the equivalent thickness of the module body is t eq satisfy:

[0019] When adopting the above technical solution, since the main material that can bear the load in the photovoltaic module is the glass material on one or two sides, the equivalent thickness of the module body can only consider the thickness of the glass. If there is glass on only one side, the equivalent thickness of the module body is the thickness of this layer of glass. If there is glass on both sides, the equivalent thickness and the thickness of the upper and lower layers of glass satisfy the above formula.

[0020] In some possible implementations, a1 =2 / 5l b1 、l a1 =4 / 11lb1 or l a1 =6 / 13l b1 , when l a1 =2 / 5l b1 When , the stress distribution of the parts of the component body located on both sides of the support is uniform, the deformation occurs is basically the same, and the support stability and reliability of the photovoltaic component are high; when l a1 =4 / 11l b1 When the parallelism of the two opposite sides of the component body changes the least; when l a1 =6 / 13l b1 When , the deformation of the simply supported part of the component body is the smallest.

[0021] In some possible implementations, the photovoltaic module further includes a back rail, the module body and the support member are connected by the back rail, the extension direction of the back rail is parallel to the first direction, the allowable stress of the module body is [σ], the uniformly distributed load on the surface of the module body is q, and the cross-sectional shape of the back rail combined with the cross-sectional shape of the module body determines the section moment of inertia I a The maximum distance from the neutral layer to the surface is determined by the shape of the back rail combined with the cross-sectional shape of the component body. max , l a1 satisfy:

[0022] When the above technical solution is adopted, for the case where the photovoltaic module is provided with a back rail, since the back rail spans the module body along the first direction and the support position of the support member is located on the back rail, the overall load-bearing structure of the photovoltaic module changes compared to the case where there is only the module body, and the section moment of inertia used to obtain the first edge spacing and the distance to the neutral layer need to be adjusted.

[0023] In some possible implementations, the length of the first side is L1, and the length of the second side is L2; ​​there is a first edge gap between the two support members arranged along the same first direction and located at the outermost sides and their respective adjacent second sides; b1max l b1 The maximum value; the width of each support member in the first direction is x, and the number of support members arranged along the same first direction is expressed as m, symbol Indicates rounding up.

[0024] When adopting the above technical solution, based on the side length of the first side, the first adjacent edge spacing, the maximum distance between two adjacent support members in the first direction and the width of the support member in the first direction, the minimum number of support members arranged in the same first direction can be calculated to meet the support requirements.

[0025] In some possible implementations, the at least two groups of support assemblies are specifically at least three groups of support assemblies, and in the first direction, the at least three groups of support assemblies are arranged at equal intervals. This arrangement can ensure that the bending moments between the support members on the assembly body are the same, and the support is more stable.

[0026] In some possible implementations, each support assembly includes at least three support members, and in the second direction, the at least three support members are arranged at equal intervals. This arrangement can ensure that the bending moments of the support members on the assembly body are the same, and the support is more stable.

[0027] In some possible implementations, each support assembly includes at least two support members arranged along the second direction; a second edge spacing exists between the support member close to the first edge and the first edge, and the distance of the second edge spacing is expressed as l. a2 Along the second direction, the distance between two adjacent support members is expressed as l b2 ; Wherein, in the same second direction, l a2 =1 / 3l b2 ~1 / 2l b2 .

[0028] When the above technical solution is adopted, at least two support members are also provided in the second direction parallel to the second side, and a second interval exists between the support member close to the first side and the first side, that is, in the second direction, an overhanging cantilever structure is also formed between the first side of the component body and the support member, and a simply supported portion is also formed between two adjacent support members. Similar to the first direction, in the same direction parallel to the second side, the distance between the overhanging cantilever structure formed by the arrangement position of the support member on the component body and the simply supported portion is 1. a2 =1 / 3l b2 ~1 / 2l b2 The arrangement position of the support member on the component body can ensure that when the photovoltaic component is actually subjected to external loads such as wind pressure, rain and snow, the deformation of the parts of the component body located on both sides of the support member in the second direction in the direction of gravity is relatively uniform, and the stress generated is roughly the same. The position setting of the support member is more reasonable, which improves the support stability and reliability of the photovoltaic component.

[0029] In some possible implementations, the equivalent thickness of the component body is t eq , the allowable stress of the component body is [σ], and the pressure on the surface of the component body is P; l a2 satisfy: and / or b2 satisfy: Among them, k m The conditions for the arrangement of the support members in the first direction and the support members in the second direction are the same, which will not be repeated here.

[0030] In some possible implementations, the length of the first side is L1, and the length of the second side is L2; ​​there is a second edge gap between the two support members arranged along the same second direction and located at the outermost sides and their respective adjacent first sides; b2max l b2 The maximum value; the width of each support member in the second direction is s, and the number of support members arranged along the same second direction is represented by k, symbol Indicates rounding up.

[0031] When adopting the above technical solution, the minimum number of support members arranged in the same second direction can be calculated based on the length of the second side, the second adjacent edge spacing, the maximum spacing between two adjacent support members in the second direction and the width of the support member in the second direction, which can meet the support requirements.

[0032] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a photovoltaic roofing system, including a roofing system and a photovoltaic module as described above, wherein the module body is connected to the roofing system via a supporting module.

[0033] In this photovoltaic roof system, the roof system has a bearing surface, and the photovoltaic components are connected to the bearing surface through their own supporting components. The setting structure and position of the photovoltaic components' own supporting components can achieve stable and reliable support connection to the roof system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0035] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the back side of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of direction A in FIG1 ;

[0037] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the back side of a second photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of direction A in FIG3 ;

[0039] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the back side of a third photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the back side of a fourth photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of direction B in FIG6;

[0042] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the back side of a fifth photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of direction A in FIG8 .

[0044] Reference numerals:

[0045] 1 is the component body, 11 is the first side, 12 is the second side, 2 is the support component, 21 is the support member, and 22 is the back rail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by this application more clearly understood, this application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0047] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being “fixed on” or “disposed on” another element, it may be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being “connected to” another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0048] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. "Several" means one or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0049] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on this application.

[0050] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; they can refer to internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0051] The applicant found that directly setting support members such as back rails on the back of the photovoltaic module facilitates prefabrication and subsequent direct installation on the roof. However, due to the large size of the photovoltaic module, it is subjected to large positive and negative loads, which causes the photovoltaic module to deform significantly. If the support members on the photovoltaic module are not set in an appropriate position, the photovoltaic module may be easily damaged by external loads.

[0052] In view of this, referring to Figures 1-5 , embodiments of the present application provide a photovoltaic module, comprising a module body 1 and at least two sets of support assemblies 2; wherein the support assemblies 2 are connected to the lower surface of the module body 1, i.e., the back surface of the module body 1. The module body 1 may include a stacked cover plate, an encapsulation layer, a cell array, and a backsheet. The module body 1 has two oppositely disposed first sides 11 and two oppositely disposed second sides 12. The first sides 11 and the second sides 12 are perpendicular, and the length of the first side 11 is less than, greater than, or equal to the length of the second side 12. This is not limited herein. For example, the length of the first side 11 may be 900 mm to 1500 mm, and the length of the second side 12 may be 1500 mm to 3000 mm. At least two groups of support assemblies 2 are arranged along a first direction, which is parallel to the first side 11. Each group of support assemblies 2 includes one or more support members 21, and the multiple support members 21 are arranged along a second direction, which is parallel to the second side 12. There is a first adjacent edge gap between the support member 21 in the support assembly 2 close to the second side 12 and the second side 12. The distance of the first adjacent edge gap is expressed as l a1 Along the first direction, the distance between the two adjacent support assemblies 2 corresponding to the support members 21 is expressed as l b1 ; Wherein, in the same first direction, l a1 =1 / 3l b1 ~1 / 2l b1 .

[0053] For example, the present application does not limit the specific structure of the support member 21. As long as it can have a certain supporting connection area with the back of the component body 1 and can play a supporting role, the support member 21 and the back of the component body 1 can be fixed by bonding, or the support member 21 located at the back edge of the component body 1 can be mechanically connected to the component body 1 by snapping or bracketing. No specific limitation is made here. When each group of support components 2 includes one support member 21, as shown in Figure 3, the supporting connection surface between each support member 21 and the component body 1 is a strip-shaped connection surface extending along the second direction, so as to improve the stability of the support of the component body 1 by the support member 21. When each group of support components 2 includes multiple support members 21, there can be two, three, four or more support members.

[0054] When the above technical solution is adopted, the photovoltaic module itself has a module body 1 and a support module 2 pre-connected together. The module body 1 is a rectangular plate structure with a pair of first sides 11 and a pair of second sides 12. The first sides 11 and the second sides 12 are perpendicular. At least two groups of support modules 2 are arranged in a direction parallel to the first sides 11. There is a first adjacent edge spacing between the support member 21 in the support module 2 close to the second side 12 and the second side 12, that is, a section between the second side 12 of the module body 1 and the adjacent support module 2 forms an overhanging cantilever structure. The distance of the first adjacent edge spacing, that is, the overhanging distance of the overhanging cantilever structure, is expressed as l a1 A section between two adjacent support members 21 arranged in a direction parallel to the first side 11 on the component body 1 forms a simply supported portion, and the distance of the simply supported portion is expressed as l b1 Then, in the same direction parallel to the first side 11, the distance between the cantilever structure and the simply supported portion formed by the arrangement position of the support member 21 on the component body 1 is l a1 =1 / 3l b1 ~1 / 2l b1 The placement of support members 21 on the module body 1 ensures that, when the PV module is subjected to external loads such as wind pressure, wind suction, snow accumulation, hail, and trampling, the deformation of the module body 1 on both sides of the support member 21 in the first direction, along the direction of gravity, is evenly distributed, resulting in substantially uniform and low stress. This makes the placement of support members 21 more rational, improving the support stability and reliability of the PV module. By optimizing the position and design of the support members, the PV module's resistance to hidden cracks is effectively enhanced, making it able to withstand the influence of various environmental factors and ensuring stable operation.

[0055] For example, a1 =2 / 5l b1 、l a1 =4 / 11l b1 or l a1 =6 / 13l b1 , when l a1 =2 / 5l b1 When the stress distribution of the parts of the component body 1 located on both sides of the support 21 is uniform, the deformations that occur are basically the same, and the support stability and reliability of the photovoltaic component are high; when l a1 =4 / 11l b1 When the parallelism of the two opposite sides (front and back) of the component body 1 changes the least; when l a1 =6 / 13l b1 When , the deformation of the simply supported part of the component body 1 is the smallest.

[0056] As shown in Figures 1, 3 and 5, further, when the destructive stress generated by the photovoltaic module under the load is less than the allowable stress of the photovoltaic module, the support position of the support member 21 obtained at this time can meet the requirements of support stability and reliability. That is, according to the formula The first edge spacing l of the cantilever structure in the first direction is obtained a1 satisfy: According to the formula The l of the simply supported part in the first direction is obtained b1 satisfy: According to the formula Get l c satisfy: Among them, l c It is the distance from the support member 21 close to both the first side 11 and the second side 12 to the corner point of the component body 1 closest to the support member 21. As shown in FIG5 , a section from the support member 21 close to both the first side 11 and the second side 12 to the corner point closest to the component body 1 is also an overhanging cantilever structure. When the distance of the overhanging cantilever structure satisfies the above formula, the purpose of high support stability and reliability of the support member 21 can also be achieved.

[0057] It should be noted that the equivalent thickness of the component body 1 is t eq , the allowable stress of the component body 1 is [σ], and the pressure on the surface of the component body 1 is P,k m is the bending moment coefficient of the component body 1. The equivalent thickness of the component body 1 is related to the material and size of the cover and back panel selected for the component body 1. If the cover is a glass cover and the back panel is a non-glass material, the part of the component body 1 that can withstand the load is mainly the glass cover, and the equivalent thickness of the component body 1 is the thickness of the glass cover. If the cover is a glass cover and the back panel is a glass back, the parts of the component body 1 that can withstand the load are mainly the glass cover and the glass back, and the equivalent thickness of the component body 1 is related to the thickness of the glass cover and the glass back. The allowable stress of the component body 1 is obtained by looking up industry specification data. Generally, industry specification data stipulates the strength values ​​of glass at different positions within a certain thickness range, which is the allowable stress. The bending moment coefficient of the component body 1 is also related to the material and size of the cover and back panel of the component body 1. In order to ensure that the arrangement position of the support member 21 in the first direction can make the deformation of the parts of the component body 1 located on both sides of the support member along the gravity direction uniformly distributed, the stress generated is roughly the same and the stress is small, when the structure, material and size of the component body 1 and the external load are determined, the distance between the first edge spacing and the simply supported part can be designed to satisfy the relationship expressed by the above formula.

[0058] It should be noted that the bending moment coefficient k of the component body 1 is mYou can select from Table 1:

[0059] Table 1.1 b1 / l b2 The bending moment coefficient k of the component body m Correspondence table

[0060] According to l in Table 1 b1 / l b2 The bending moment coefficient k of the component body 1 m By selecting the corresponding bending coefficient, the l under different arrangements of the support members 21 can be calculated. b2 . Similarly, l b2 / l b1 The corresponding relationship with the bending moment coefficient of the component body 1 and l b1 / l b2 The corresponding relationship is the same as that of the bending moment coefficient, which can be obtained from l b2 / l b1 The corresponding bending coefficient can be selected from the corresponding relationship with the bending moment coefficient of the component body 1 to calculate the l under different arrangements of the support members 21. b1 .

[0061] Furthermore, in order to make the supporting position of the support member 21 safer and more reliable, a1 satisfy: or l c satisfy: Thus, by adding a safety factor less than 1 to the formula, the better setting position of the support member 21 in actual engineering applications is better satisfied to ensure that the obtained l a1 and l c The values ​​can meet the support stability requirements of photovoltaic modules, further improving the ability of photovoltaic modules to resist hidden cracks.

[0062] For example, when the component body 1 is a single-glass component, that is, the cover plate of the component body 1 is a glass cover plate, the equivalent thickness t of the component body 1 is eq is the thickness of the single glass, that is, the thickness of the glass cover. When the module body 1 is a double glass module, that is, the cover of the module body 1 is a glass cover and the back panel is a glass back panel, the glass cover is the upper glass and the glass back panel is the lower glass. The thickness of the upper glass is t1 and the thickness of the lower glass is t2. Then the equivalent thickness of the module body 1 is t eq satisfy:

[0063] For example, when the maximum pressure P on the surface of the component body 1 is 5400Pa and the allowable stress [σ] of the glass is 40MPa, when it is applied to a photovoltaic component with only the first edge spacing, as shown in FIG1 , at this time l a1 =lc .

[0064] Example 1: The thickness of the upper glass of a double-glass module is 2 mm, and the thickness of the lower glass is 1.6 mm. The equivalent thickness of the module body 1 is calculated to be 2.3 mm. Calculate l a1 =l c ≤114.3mm.

[0065] Example 2: The thickness of the upper glass of a double-glass module is 2 mm, and the thickness of the lower glass is 2 mm. The equivalent thickness of the module body 1 is calculated to be 2.5 mm. Calculate l a1 =l c ≤124.3mm.

[0066] Example 3: The thickness of the upper glass of a double-glass module is 2 mm, and the thickness of the lower glass is 3.2 mm. The equivalent thickness of the module body 1 is calculated to be 3.4 mm. Calculate l a1 =l c ≤169.0mm.

[0067] Example 4: The thickness of the upper glass of a double-glass module is 3.2 mm, and the thickness of the lower glass is 3.2 mm. The equivalent thickness of the module body 1 is calculated to be 4.0 mm. Calculate l a1 =l c ≤198.8mm;

[0068] Example 5: The thickness of the single glass of a single glass module is 3.2 mm, so the equivalent thickness of the module body 1 is 3.2 mm. Calculate l a1 =l c ≤159.1mm.

[0069] In summary, when l c When the thickness is ≤198.8mm, the stability and reliability of the above photovoltaic modules meet the requirements.

[0070] As shown in Figures 6 and 7, in some possible implementations, the photovoltaic module further includes a back rail 22, and the module body 1 and the support member 21 are connected via the back rail 22. The extension direction of the back rail 22 is parallel to the first direction, and the two ends of the back rail 22 extend to two opposite second sides 12. The back rail 22 can be a strip-shaped structure or a plate-shaped structure, etc. The back rail 22 and the back of the module body 1 can be bonded and fixed. The contact connection surface between the back rail 22 and the module body 1 is a strip-shaped surface. In this case, the outward cantilever structure of the photovoltaic module in the first direction includes the outward extension of the module body 1 and the outward extension of the back rail 22. According to the bending moment formula of the fixed cantilever beam, l a1 satisfy: Wherein, the allowable stress of the component body 1 is [σ], the uniformly distributed load on the surface of the component body 1 is q, where the uniformly distributed load on the surface of the component body 1 is the load uniformly distributed along the first direction, and the cross-sectional shape of the back rail combined with the cross-sectional shape of the component body 1 determines the section moment of inertia I a The maximum distance from the neutral layer to the surface is determined by the shape of the back rail and the cross-sectional shape of the component body 1. max .

[0071] In the case of adopting the above technical solution, when the photovoltaic module is provided with a back rail 22, since the back rail 22 spans the module body 1 along the first direction, the supporting position of the support member 21 is located on the back rail 22. Therefore, the overall load-bearing structure of the photovoltaic module is changed compared to the case of only the module body 1. It is necessary to change the cross-sectional inertia moment I used to obtain the first adjacent edge spacing. a and the maximum distance y to the neutral layer surface max The adjustment is made specifically according to the structural form of the back rail 22 and is not limited here.

[0072] As shown in Figures 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8, this embodiment optimizes the number of support members 21 arranged along the first direction on the photovoltaic module, wherein the length of the first side 11 of the module body 1 is L1, and the length of the second side 12 is L2; ​​there is a first adjacent edge gap between the two support members 21 arranged along the same first direction and located on the outermost sides and their respective adjacent second sides 12; b1max l b1 The maximum value; the number of support members 21 arranged along the same first direction is expressed as m, the width of each support member 21 in the first direction is x, generally 5mm≤x≤30mm, then symbol Indicates rounding up. By transforming this formula, we get

[0073] For example, when hour, Rounded up to 2, it means that at least two support members 21 are required, and the number of support members 21 arranged in the first direction m≥2 can meet the requirements of support stability and reliability; when hour, Rounding up to 3 means that at least three support members 21 are required, and the number of support members 21 arranged in the first direction m≥3, which can meet the requirements of support stability and reliability; hour, Rounding up to 3 indicates that at least three support members are required, and the number of support members 21 arranged in the first direction m≥3, which can meet the requirements of support stability and reliability.

[0074] Specifically, when the module body 1 is a double-glass module, the thickness of the upper glass of the double-glass module is 2 mm, the thickness of the lower glass is 1.6 mm, the length of the first side 11 of the module body 1 is 1134 mm, the length of the second side is 1722 mm, the width x of each support member in the first direction is 20 mm, the maximum pressure P on the surface of the module body 1 is 5400 Pa, and the allowable stress [σ] of the glass is 40 MPa, when it is applied to a photovoltaic module with only the first adjacent edge spacing, as shown in Figure 1, at this time:

[0075] Calculate the equivalent thickness t of the component body 1 eq is 2.3 mm, and l a1 ≤114.3mm, if l a1 =2 / 5l b1 , find l b1max =285.75mm, according to the formula The number m of the support members 21 arranged along the same first direction is calculated to be ≥4.

[0076] In this way, based on the side length of the first side 11, the first adjacent edge spacing, the maximum distance between two adjacent support members 21 in the first direction and the width of the support member 21 in the first direction, the minimum number of support members 21 arranged in the same first direction can be calculated to meet the support requirements.

[0077] As shown in Figures 1, 3, 5, 6, and 8, in some embodiments, the number of support assemblies 2 is at least three, for example, three, four, five, or more, and the support assemblies 2 are arranged at equal intervals in the first direction. This arrangement ensures that the bending moments between the support members 21 on the assembly body 1 are equal, resulting in more stable support.

[0078] Similarly, each support assembly 2 includes at least three support members 21, for example, three, four, five, or more support members 21, which are evenly spaced in the second direction. This arrangement ensures that the bending moments of the support members 21 on the assembly body 1 are the same, making the support more stable.

[0079] As shown in FIG5 , on the basis of a first adjacent edge interval between the support member 21 and the second side 12, in this embodiment, each support assembly 2 includes at least two support members 21 arranged along the second direction; a second adjacent edge interval also exists between the support member 21 close to the first side 11 and the first side 11, and the distance of the second adjacent edge interval is expressed as l a2 Along the second direction, the distance between two adjacent support members 21 is expressed as l b2 ; Wherein, in the same second direction, l a2 =1 / 3l b2 ~1 / 2l b2 .

[0080] When the above technical solution is adopted, in the second direction parallel to the second side 12, at least two support members 21 are also provided in the same second direction, and there is a second adjacent edge spacing between the support member 21 close to the first side 11 and the first side 11, that is, in the second direction, an overhanging cantilever structure is also formed between the first side 11 of the component body 1 and the support member 21, and a simply supported portion is also formed between two adjacent support members 21 in the second direction. Similar to the first direction, in the same direction parallel to the second side 12, the distance between the overhanging cantilever structure formed by the arrangement position of the support member 21 on the component body 1 and the simply supported portion is 1. a2 =1 / 3l b2 ~1 / 2l b2 The arrangement position of the support member 21 on the component body 1 can ensure that when the photovoltaic component is actually subjected to external loads such as wind pressure, wind suction, snow accumulation, hail, and trampling, the deformation of the parts of the component body 1 located on both sides of the support member 21 in the second direction in the direction of gravity is evenly distributed, the stress generated is roughly the same, and the stress is small. The position setting of the support member 21 is more reasonable, which improves the support stability and reliability of the photovoltaic component.

[0081] In the case where the photovoltaic module has a second adjacent edge spacing and a simply supported portion in the second direction, the setting principle of the second adjacent edge spacing is the same as that of the first adjacent edge spacing. When the destructive stress generated by the photovoltaic module under the load is less than the allowable stress of the photovoltaic module, the support position of the support member 21 obtained at this time can meet the requirements of support stability and reliability. That is, according to the formula The second edge spacing l of the cantilever structure in the second direction is obtained a2 satisfy: According to the formula The l of the simply supported part in the second direction is obtained b2 satisfy: The conditions for the arrangement of the support member 21 in the first direction and the support member 21 in the second direction are the same and will not be repeated here. It should be noted that the first adjacent edge spacing and the first adjacent edge spacing can be the same or different, and the lengths of the simply supported portions in the first direction and the second direction can be the same or different.

[0082] For example, l a2 =2 / 5l b2 、l a2 =4 / 11l b2 or l a2 =6 / 13l b2 , when l a2 =2 / 5l b2When, in the second direction, the stress distribution of the parts of the component body 1 located on both sides of the support 21 is uniform, the deformation occurs is basically the same, and the support stability and reliability of the photovoltaic component are high; when l a2 =4 / 11l b2 When the parallelism of the two opposite sides of the component body 1 changes the least; when l a2 =6 / 13l b2 When , the deformation of the simply supported part of the component body 1 is the smallest.

[0083] In the case where the photovoltaic module has both the first edge spacing and the second edge spacing, as shown in FIG5 , the distance between the support member 21 close to the first side 11 and the second side 12 and the corner point closest to the support member 21 in the module body 1 is

[0084] For example, when the maximum pressure P on the surface of the component body 1 is 5400Pa and the allowable stress [σ] of the glass is 40MPa,

[0085] Example 1: The thickness of the upper glass of a double-glass module is 2 mm, and the thickness of the lower glass is 1.6 mm. The equivalent thickness of the module body 1 is calculated to be 2.3 mm. Calculate l a1 ≤114.3mm, l a2 ≤114.3mm, l c ≤161.6mm.

[0086] Example 2: The thickness of the upper glass of a double-glass module is 2 mm, and the thickness of the lower glass is 2 mm. The equivalent thickness of the module body 1 is calculated to be 2.5 mm. Calculate l a1 ≤124.3mm, l a2 ≤124.3mm, l c ≤175.8mm.

[0087] Example 3: The thickness of the upper glass of a double-glass module is 2 mm, and the thickness of the lower glass is 3.2 mm. The equivalent thickness of the module body 1 is calculated to be 3.4 mm. Calculate l a1 ≤169.0mm, l a2 ≤169.0mm, l c ≤239.0mm.

[0088] Example 4: The thickness of the upper glass of a double-glass module is 3.2 mm, and the thickness of the lower glass is 3.2 mm. The equivalent thickness of the module body 1 is calculated to be 4.0 mm. Calculate l a1 ≤198.8mm, l a2 ≤198.8mm, l c ≤281.1mm;

[0089] Example 5: The thickness of the single glass of a single glass module is 3.2 mm, so the equivalent thickness of the module body 1 is 3.2 mm. Calculate l a1 ≤159.1mm, l a2 ≤159.1mm, l c ≤225.0mm.

[0090] As shown in FIG5 and FIG8, this embodiment optimizes the number of support members arranged along the second direction on the photovoltaic module. The length of the first side 11 is L1, and the length of the second side 12 is L2. There is a second adjacent edge gap between the two support members 21 arranged along the same second direction and located on the outermost sides and their respective adjacent first sides 11. b2max l b2 The maximum value; the number of support members 21 arranged along the same second direction is represented by k, the width of each support member 21 in the second direction is s, generally 5mm≤s≤30mm, the number of support members 21 symbol Indicates rounding up. By transforming this formula, we get

[0091] For example, when hour, Rounded up to 2, it means that at least two support members 21 are required, and the number of support members 21 arranged in the second direction k≥2 can meet the requirements of support stability and reliability; when hour, Rounded up to 3, the number of support members 21 arranged in the second direction k≥3, which can meet the requirements of support stability and reliability; hour, Rounding up to 3, similarly, the number k of the support members 21 arranged in the second direction is ≥ 3, which can meet the requirements of support stability and reliability.

[0092] For example, when the module body 1 is a double-glass module, the thickness of the upper glass of the double-glass module is 2 mm, the thickness of the lower glass is 1.6 mm, the length of the first side 11 of the module body 1 is 1134 mm, the length of the second side 12 is 1722 mm, the width s of each support member 21 in the second direction is 30 mm, the maximum pressure P on the surface of the module body 1 is 5400 Pa, and the allowable stress [σ] of the glass is 40 MPa, when it is applied to a photovoltaic module having both a first edge spacing and a second edge spacing, as shown in FIG5 , at this time:

[0093] Calculate the equivalent thickness t of the component body 1 eq is 2.3 mm, and l a2 ≤114.3mm, if l a2 =2 / 5lb2 , find l b2max =285.75mm, according to the formula The number k of the support members 21 arranged along the same second direction is calculated to be ≥6.

[0094] For another example, when the module body 1 is a double-glass module, the thickness of the upper glass of the double-glass module is 2 mm, the thickness of the lower glass is 2 mm, the length of the first side 11 of the module body 1 is 1134 mm, the length of the second side 12 is 1722 mm, the width s of each support member 21 in the second direction is 30 mm, the maximum pressure P on the surface of the module body 1 is 5400 Pa, and the allowable stress [σ] of the glass is 40 MPa, when it is applied to a photovoltaic module having both a first edge spacing and a second edge spacing, as shown in FIG5 , at this time:

[0095] Calculate the equivalent thickness t of the component body 1 eq 2.5mm, l a2 ≤124.3mm, if l a2 =2 / 5l b2 , find l b2max =310.75mm, according to the formula The number k of the support members 21 arranged along the same second direction is calculated to be ≥6.

[0096] For another example, when the module body 1 is a double-glass module, the thickness of the upper glass of the double-glass module is 3.2 mm, the thickness of the lower glass is 3.2 mm, the length of the first side 11 of the module body 1 is 1134 mm, the length of the second side 12 is 1722 mm, the width s of each support member 21 in the second direction is 30 mm, the maximum pressure P on the surface of the module body 1 is 5400 Pa, and the allowable stress [σ] of the glass is 40 MPa, when it is applied to a photovoltaic module having both a first edge spacing and a second edge spacing, as shown in FIG5 , at this time:

[0097] Calculate the equivalent thickness t of the component body 1 eq 4.0mm, l a2 ≤198.8mm, if l a2 =2 / 5l b2 , find l b2max =497mm, according to the formula The number k of the support members 21 arranged along the same second direction is calculated to be ≥4.

[0098] When the above technical solution is adopted, the minimum number of supports 21 arranged in the same second direction can be calculated based on the side length of the second side 12, the second adjacent edge spacing and the maximum distance between two adjacent supports 21 in the second direction, which can meet the support requirements.

[0099] As shown in Figures 8 and 9, when the photovoltaic module has a second edge spacing, the extension direction of the back rail 22 of the photovoltaic module can also be parallel to the second direction, and the two ends of the back rail 22 extend to the two opposite first edges 11. The same as the case of the back rail 22 extending in the direction parallel to the first direction in Figure 6, in this case, the outward cantilever structure of the photovoltaic module in the second direction includes the outward extension of the module body 1 and the outward extension of the back rail 22. According to the bending moment formula of the fixed cantilever beam l a2 satisfy:

[0100] In the case of adopting the above technical solution, in the case where the photovoltaic module is provided with a back rail 22 extending along the second direction, since the back rail 22 crosses the module body 1 along the second direction, the supporting position of the support member 21 is located on the back rail 22. Therefore, the overall load-bearing structure of the photovoltaic module is changed compared to the case where only the module body 1 is provided. It is necessary to change the cross-sectional inertia moment I used to obtain the second adjacent edge spacing. a and the maximum distance y to the neutral layer surface max The adjustment is made specifically according to the structural form of the back rail 22 and is not limited here.

[0101] Based on the photovoltaic components described in any of the above embodiments, an embodiment of the present application also provides a photovoltaic roof system, including a roof system and a photovoltaic component, wherein the photovoltaic component is the photovoltaic component described in any of the above embodiments, and the component body 1 of the photovoltaic component is connected to the roof system through a support component 2.

[0102] In this photovoltaic roof system, the roof system has a bearing surface, and the photovoltaic module is connected to the bearing surface through its own support component 2. Specifically, the photovoltaic module is connected to the bearing surface through its own support member 21. The setting structure and position of the photovoltaic module's own support component 2 can achieve the photovoltaic module stably and reliably supported and connected to the roof system, which has the same beneficial effects as the photovoltaic modules in the above embodiments and will not be repeated here.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: A component body and at least two groups of support components connected to the lower surface of the component body, the component body having two oppositely disposed first sides and two oppositely disposed second sides, the first sides being perpendicular to the second sides; the at least two groups of support components are arranged along a first direction, the first direction is parallel to the first sides, each group of support components comprises one or more support members, the multiple support members are arranged along a second direction, the second direction is parallel to the second sides; There is a first edge interval between the support member in the support assembly close to the second edge and the second edge, and the distance of the first edge interval is expressed as l. a1 ; Along the first direction, the distance between the corresponding support members in two adjacent support assemblies is expressed as l b1 ; Among them, in the same first direction, l a1 =1 / 3l b1 ~1 / 2l b1 .

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The equivalent thickness of the component body is t eq , the allowable stress of the component body is [σ], and the pressure on the surface of the component body is P; The l a1 satisfy: and / or The l b1 satisfy: Among them, k m is the bending moment coefficient of the component body; or l c satisfy: Among them, l c It is the distance from the support member close to both the first side and the second side to the corner point of the photovoltaic component closest to the support member.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The l a1 satisfy: or The l c satisfy:

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: l c ≤198.8mm。 5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The component body is a single-glass component, and the equivalent thickness of the component body is t eq is the thickness of single glass; or The component body is a double-glass component, the thickness of the upper glass is t1, the thickness of the lower glass is t2, and the equivalent thickness of the component body is t eq satisfy:

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: l a1 =2 / 5l b1 , l a1 =4 / 11l b1 or a1 =6 / 13l b1 .

7. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module further includes a back rail, the module body and the support are connected by the back rail, the extension direction of the back rail is parallel to the first direction, the allowable stress of the module body is [σ], the uniformly distributed load on the surface of the module body is q, and the cross-sectional shape of the back rail combined with the cross-sectional shape of the module body determines the section moment of inertia I a The maximum distance from the neutral layer to the surface determined by the shape of the back rail combined with the cross-sectional shape of the component body is y max , l a1 satisfy:

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The length of the first side is L1, and the length of the second side is L2; The first edge intervals are respectively formed between the two support members arranged along the same first direction and located at the outermost sides and the second edges adjacent to them; b1max for l b1 The maximum value; the width of each support member in the first direction is x, and the number of the support members arranged along the same first direction is represented by m, symbol Indicates rounding up.

9. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The at least two groups of support components are specifically at least three groups of support components. In the first direction, the at least three groups of support components are arranged at equal intervals.

10. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Each group of the support assemblies includes at least three support members, and in the second direction, the at least three support members are arranged at equal intervals.

11. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Each group of the support components includes at least two support members arranged along the second direction; there is a second edge spacing between the support member close to the first edge and the first edge, and the distance of the second edge spacing is expressed as l a2 ; Along the second direction, the distance between two adjacent support members is expressed as l b2 ; Wherein, in the same second direction, l a2 =1 / 3l b2 ~1 / 2l b2 .

12. The photovoltaic module according to claim 11, characterized in that: The equivalent thickness of the component body is t eq , the allowable stress of the component body is [σ], and the pressure on the surface of the component body is P; The l a2 satisfy: and / or The l b2 satisfy: Among them, k m is the bending moment coefficient of the component body.

13. The photovoltaic module according to claim 12, characterized in that: The length of the first side is L1, and the length of the second side is L2; The second edge spacing exists between the two support members arranged along the same second direction and located at the outermost sides and the first edges adjacent to them respectively; b2max for l b2 The maximum value; the width of each support member in the second direction is s, and the number of the support members arranged along the same second direction is represented by k, symbol Indicates rounding up.

14. A photovoltaic roof system, comprising a roof system, characterized in that: It also includes the photovoltaic component according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the component body is connected to the roof system through the supporting component.

Images