Antenna radiation structure, antenna, and communication device

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of communications, and provide an antenna radiation structure, an antenna, and a communication device. The antenna radiation structure comprises a metal floor, and a magnetoelectric dipole and a magnetic and conductive integrated plane which are arranged on the metal floor; the magnetoelectric dipole comprises four magnetoelectric structure subunits; the four magnetoelectric structure subunits are symmetrically distributed in the center of the metal floor; magnetic dipole patches of the four magnetoelectric structure subunits form an X-shaped cavity; the magnetic and conductive integrated plane comprises a plurality of magnetic and conductive integrated units; each magnetic and conductive integrated unit comprises a metal column connected to the metal floor and a metal patch arranged on the metal column; and the height of the magnetic and conductive integrated unit is less than that of the magnetoelectric structure subunit.

Description

Antenna radiation structure, antenna and communication equipment

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on November 14, 2023, with application number 202311510550.3 and invention name “Antenna Radiating Structure, Antenna and Communication Equipment”. The entire contents of the application are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna radiation structure, an antenna, and a communication device. Background Art

[0004] In the field of communications technology, the magnetoelectric dipole antenna is a fundamental antenna type. The electric dipole antenna's radiation pattern is ∞ in its E-plane and O in its H-plane. The magnetic dipole's radiation patterns in the E-plane and H-plane are opposite to those of the electric dipole. Therefore, the resulting electromagnetic dipole antenna exhibits a cardioid radiation pattern in both the E-plane and H-plane, resulting in higher directivity. Magnetoelectric dipole antennas also exhibit high gain.

[0005] However, with the evolution and development of 5G technology, the frequency range covered by the wireless frequency of communication equipment is becoming wider and wider. In order to achieve impedance matching within the frequency band, the traditional magnetoelectric dipole antenna needs to increase the antenna cross-section height, which greatly increases the size of the antenna and is not conducive to the miniaturization design of the antenna.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an antenna radiation structure, an antenna, and a communication device.

[0008] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, an antenna radiation structure is provided, comprising a metal floor and a magneto-electric dipole and a magnetic guide integrated plane arranged on the metal floor; the magneto-electric dipole comprises four magneto-electric structural subunits, each of the magneto-electric structural subunits comprising two magnetic dipole patches perpendicular to the metal floor and one electric dipole patch parallel to the metal floor, the four magneto-electric structural subunits being symmetrically distributed at the center of the metal floor, the magnetic dipole patches of the four magneto-electric structural subunits forming an X-shaped cavity; the magnetic guide integrated plane comprises a plurality of magnetic guide integrated units, each of the magnetic guide integrated units comprising a metal column connected to the metal floor and a metal patch arranged on the metal column, the height of the magnetic guide integrated unit being less than the height of the magneto-electric structural subunit.

[0009] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, an antenna is provided, comprising a shell, any one of the antenna radiating structures described in the first aspect above, and two cross-shaped feeding structures arranged in the shell, wherein the feeding structure is arranged in an X-shaped cavity of the antenna radiating structure, and the feeding structure is connected to a radio frequency connector at one end close to the metal floor, and is used to be connected to a radio frequency line through a through hole on the metal floor that is adapted to the radio frequency connector.

[0010] According to a third aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a communication device is provided, comprising any differential feeding structure described in the first aspect or any antenna described in the second aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0012] FIG1 shows an exploded view of an antenna radiation structure provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0013] FIG2 shows a working principle diagram of a magnetic guide integrated plane provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0014] FIG3 shows a working principle diagram of a magnetic guide integrated unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0015] FIG4 shows an exploded view of a magnetoelectric structure subunit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0016] FIG5 shows a top view of an antenna radiation structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0017] FIG6 shows a top view of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] FIG7 is a schematic diagram showing a feeding structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] FIG8 shows a gain comparison diagram of the antenna radiation structure provided in an embodiment of the present application and a conventional antenna radiation structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] FIG1 shows an exploded view of an antenna radiation structure provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG1 , the antenna radiation structure includes a metal floor 1 and a magnetoelectric dipole 3 and a magnetic guide integrated plane 2 arranged on the metal floor 1 .

[0022] Among them, the magnetoelectric dipole 3 includes four magnetoelectric structural subunits, each magnetoelectric structural subunit includes two magnetic dipole patches 31 perpendicular to the metal floor 1 and an electric dipole patch 32 parallel to the metal floor 1. The four magnetoelectric structural subunits are symmetrically distributed in the center of the metal floor 1. The magnetic dipole patches 31 of the four magnetoelectric structural subunits form an X-shaped cavity. By adopting the above-mentioned structural design, a cross-shaped feeding structure can be set in the X-cavity, thereby realizing cross-polarization of the radio frequency signal (i.e., ±45° polarization) and improving the gain of the antenna.

[0023] The magnetic conductivity integrated plane 2 includes multiple magnetic conductivity integrated units, each of which includes a metal column 22 connected to the metal floor 1 and a metal patch 21 arranged on the metal column 22. The height of the magnetic conductivity integrated unit is less than the height of the magneto-electric structure sub-unit. The magnetic conductivity integrated plane adopts the above-mentioned structural design, and can achieve bandwidth matching even when the antenna cross-section is reduced through the principle of AMC (Artificial Magnetic Conductors).

[0024] Artificial magnetic conductor AMC is an electromagnetic metasurface with high surface impedance, which can reflect the incident wave in phase. Figure 2 shows a working principle diagram of a magnetic guide integrated plane provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 2(a), traditional radiating antennas usually use PEC (Perfect Electric Conductor) as reflectors. According to the boundary conditions of PEC, the surface tangential electric field is zero, so the electric field of the reflected wave and the electric field of the incident wave need to cancel each other on its surface to make the tangential electric field zero. At this time, the electric field of the reflected wave is opposite to the electric field of the incident wave, that is, the phase difference is 180°. The surface tangential magnetic field of PMC (Perfect Magnetic Conductor) is zero, and the surface tangential magnetic fields of the reflected wave and the incident wave are opposite, while the propagation directions are opposite. Therefore, according to the right-hand rule of electric field, magnetic field and propagation direction, it can be seen that the electric field of the reflected wave is in the same direction as the electric field of the incident wave, that is, the phase difference is 0°. When using a PEC as a reflector, when the antenna is a quarter wavelength (λ / 2) from the reflector, the phase difference between the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna and the electromagnetic wave reflected from the floor is 360° at the antenna. The reflected wave and the incident wave superimpose in phase, maximizing the gain improvement. As shown in Figure 2(b), an AMC is actually an ideal magnetic conductor. A 0° phase difference between the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna and the electromagnetic wave reflected from the floor is the same as a 360° phase difference. In an ideal situation, if the reflector is an AMC and the cross-sectional height is zero, the phase difference is 0°, and the reflected wave and the incident wave superimpose in phase, maximizing the gain improvement. Although the reflection phase varies with frequency in actual designs and the cross-sectional height cannot be infinitesimal, it is possible to achieve in-phase superposition of the reflected wave and the incident wave at cross-sectional heights below a quarter wavelength (e.g., λ / 4), thereby improving antenna performance. Therefore, using an AMC allows the waves at the antenna aperture to superimpose in the same direction when the cross-sectional height is below a quarter wavelength, effectively reducing the cross-sectional height.

[0025] By adopting the above-mentioned technical method, the resonant frequency of the electromagnetic dipole antenna is changed by using an integrated magnetic guide surface, thereby achieving matching at low frequencies. On the basis of the high gain of the magneto-electric dipole, the cross-sectional height of the antenna is reduced, the overall size of the antenna is reduced, and the miniaturization design of the antenna is realized.

[0026] Multiple integrated magnetic conduction units on the integrated magnetic conduction plane can form an EBG (Electromagnetic Band Gap). EBG is a special periodic metasurface structure that produces bandgap characteristics by forming periodically arranged integrated magnetic conduction units. An EBG structure is typically composed of periodically arranged metal patches and a dielectric substrate. During electromagnetic wave propagation, the metal patches can be viewed as a series of equivalent capacitors and inductors. These equivalent components work together to form an electromagnetic bandgap structure within a specific frequency range, thereby suppressing the propagation of electromagnetic waves within this frequency range. Furthermore, adjacent integrated magnetic conduction units can form an LC parallel resonant circuit. Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the working principle of an integrated magnetic conduction unit provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 3(a), the metal pillars 22, metal patches 21, and metal floor 1 in adjacent integrated magnetic conduction units form an LC parallel resonant circuit. See Figure 3(b) for the schematic diagram of the LC parallel resonant circuit. The LC parallel resonant circuit formed by adjacent integrated magnetic conduction units can suppress edge currents, thereby further improving antenna gain.

[0027] By adopting the above-mentioned technical method, the resonant frequency of the electromagnetic dipole antenna is changed by using an integrated magnetic guide surface, thereby achieving matching at low frequencies. On the basis of the high gain of the magneto-electric dipole, the cross-sectional height of the antenna is reduced, the overall size of the antenna is reduced, the antenna gain is improved, and the miniaturization design of the antenna is realized.

[0028] Figure 4 shows an exploded view of a magneto-electric structural subunit provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 4, for each magneto-electric structural subunit, two magnetic dipole patches 31 are respectively connected to the metal floor 1 through a first edge 311 and are vertically connected to each other through a second edge 312 adjacent to the first edge 311. The two adjacent edges 321 of the electric dipole patch are respectively connected to the third edges 313 of the two magnetic dipole patches 31, and the third edge 313 is the opposite edge of the first edge 311. The above-mentioned structural design can enable multiple magneto-electric dipoles to form an X-shaped cavity, and realize cross-polarization (i.e., ±45° polarization) of the radio frequency signal with the feeding structure arranged in the X-shaped cavity.

[0029] In some embodiments, a first opening structure 323 may be provided along the fourth side 322 of the electric dipole patch 32 based on impedance matching of the antenna, thereby further improving the antenna gain, wherein the fourth side 322 is the two sides other than the two adjacent sides 321 of the electric dipole patch.

[0030] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the shape of the first opening structure can be varied, such as a rectangular opening structure, or a triangle, a semicircle, a pentagon, etc. The shape, size, and position of the opening can be obtained through optimization simulation.

[0031] FIG5 illustrates a top view of an antenna radiation structure provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG5 , the magnetic dipole patches of the four magnetoelectric structural subunits form an X-shaped cavity 4, with each first side forming a 45° angle with any side of the metal floor. This enables the feed structure and magnetoelectric dipole disposed within the X-shaped cavity to achieve cross-polarization (i.e., ±45° polarization) of the RF signal, thereby enhancing the antenna gain. Multiple integrated magnetic guide units are distributed in a U-shaped pattern along the edge of the metal floor 1, spaced a first distance apart, and a predetermined second distance from the edge of the metal floor.

[0032] The metal floor 1 is square, with the sides of the metal patch 21 parallel to two opposite sides of the metal floor 1 and perpendicular to the other two opposite sides. The center of the metal column 22 coincides with the center of the metal patch 21. Each vertex of the metal patch 21 is provided with a second opening structure 211 toward the center of the metal patch 21. This structural design introduces additional equivalent inductance L and capacitance C to the equivalent circuit in Figure 3, achieving an integrated AMC and EBG design. This simultaneously suppresses antenna element edge currents and optimizes low-profile impedance matching.

[0033] Those skilled in the art will understand that the specific dimensions of the magneto-electric structure sub-units, the dimensions and position of the first opening structure 323, the diameter of the metal column 22 in each magnetic conductivity integrated unit, the side length and thickness of the metal patch 21, the dimensions of the second opening structure 211, and the number and distribution of magnetic conductivity integrated units in the magnetic conductivity integrated plane can all be obtained through simulation optimization, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0034] In some possible implementations, the antenna radiation structure may be applied to a 3.3 GHz-5 GHz CPE antenna, and recommended values ​​for various parts of the antenna radiation structure may be determined based on the data shown in Table 1.

[0035] Table 1

[0036] Those skilled in the art will understand that Table 1 above is an example of the antenna radiation structure given in an embodiment of the present application. Those skilled in the art may also adjust one or more items in Table 1 above based on simulation optimization. For example, the length of the two adjacent sides 321 of the electric dipole patch may also be less than the length of the first side 311 of the magnetic dipole patch. This application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0037] The electromagnetic bandgap structure implemented in this application simultaneously realizes the EBG and AMC designs. Through structural design and size optimization, this structure can possess both high-impedance characteristics and co-phase reflection characteristics within the same antenna operating frequency band. The magnetic-conductance integrated plane is distributedly loaded, and the magnetic-conductance integrated unit is optimized. Thus, through the AMC principle, broadband matching is achieved while reducing the antenna profile, and at the same time, the edge current of the ground plane is suppressed using the EBG principle to enhance the antenna gain. By adopting the above technical means, the resonant frequency of the electromagnetic dipole antenna is changed using the magnetic-conductance integrated surface, achieving matching at low frequencies. Based on the high gain of the magnetoelectric dipole, the profile height of the antenna is reduced, the overall size of the antenna is decreased, the antenna gain is enhanced, and miniaturized design of the antenna is realized.

[0038] FIG. 6 shows a top view of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 6, it includes a housing (not shown in the figure), the antenna radiation structure of any of the above embodiments disposed in the housing, and two cross-shaped feeding structures 5. The feeding structure 5 is disposed in the X-shaped cavity of the antenna radiation structure. By adopting the above structural design, cross-polarization (i.e., ±45° polarization) of the radio frequency signal can be achieved, enhancing the gain of the antenna. FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a feeding structure of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 7, the feeding structure 5 includes a first feeding structure 51 and a second feeding structure 52. The end of the feeding structure 5 close to the metal ground plane 1 is connected to a radio frequency connector and is connected to a radio frequency line through a through hole on the metal ground plane 1 adapted to the radio frequency connector. Exemplarily, the end of the feeding structure 51 close to the metal ground plane 1 is connected to a radio frequency connector 511. In some possible implementation manners, the radio frequency interface can be an SMA connector. In some embodiments, the feeding structure 5 is connected to the inner core of the radio frequency connector, and the metal ground plane 1 in the antenna radiation structure is connected to the outer skin of the radio frequency connector.

[0039] In some embodiments, the end of the feeding structure far from the metal ground plane is a rectangular metal sheet bent into a L shape. The heights of the first feeding structure 51 and the second feeding structure 52 are different. As shown in FIG. 7, taking the first feeding structure 51 as an example, the rectangular metal sheet bent into a L shape includes a first metal sheet 512, a second metal sheet 513, and a third metal sheet 514. The first metal sheet 512 is connected to the radio frequency connector 511. The second metal sheet 513 is respectively connected to the third metal sheet 514 and the other end of the first metal sheet 512 connected to the radio frequency connector 511. The structure of the second feeding structure 52 is similar to that of the first feeding structure 51 and will not be elaborated here.

[0040] In some possible implementation manners, the feeding structure can be applied to a CPE antenna of 3.3 GHz - 5 GHz, and the recommended values of each part of the feeding structure can be determined according to the data shown in Table II.

[0041] Table II

[0042] Those skilled in the art may understand that Table 2 above is an example of the antenna radiation structure given in an embodiment of the present application, and those skilled in the art may also adjust one or more items in Table 2 above based on simulation optimization.

[0043] It should be noted that the antenna radiation structure shown in the above embodiment can be used in single-polarization or dual-polarization scenarios. For example, when the antenna radiation structure is used for single polarization, a feeding structure can be set in any cavity in the X cavity. At this time, four magnetic dipole patches and four electric dipole patches parallel to the feeding structure constitute the antenna radiation structure (and the other four magnetic dipole patches are not used in the single-polarization scenario). When the antenna radiation structure is used for dual polarization, two feeding structures are orthogonally arranged in the X-shaped cavity, and the two feeding structures are used for +45° polarization and -45° polarization, respectively. For example, the first If one feeding structure 51 is used for +45° polarization, the two electric dipole patches arranged on one side of the first feeding structure 51 and the two magnetic dipole patches on the same side and parallel to the first feeding structure 51 form a group, and form a pair with the group on the other side to achieve +45° polarization of the antenna transmitted signal. If the second feeding structure 52 is used for -45° polarization, the two electric dipole patches arranged on one side of the second feeding structure 52 and the two magnetic dipole patches on the same side and parallel to the second feeding structure 52 form a group, and form a pair with the group on the other side to achieve -45° polarization of the antenna transmitted signal.

[0044] By adopting the above-mentioned technical method, the resonant frequency of the electromagnetic dipole antenna is changed by using an integrated magnetic guide surface, thereby achieving matching at low frequencies. On the basis of the high gain of the magneto-electric dipole, the cross-sectional height of the antenna is reduced, the overall size of the antenna is reduced, the antenna gain is improved, and the miniaturization design of the antenna is realized.

[0045] In some embodiments, a communication device is provided, comprising the antenna radiating network or antenna of any of the aforementioned embodiments. The communication device provided in the embodiments of the present application utilizes an integrated magnetic guide surface to change the resonant frequency of an electromagnetic dipole antenna, achieving matching at low frequencies. Based on the high gain of the magnetic dipole, the antenna's profile height is reduced, the overall size of the antenna is reduced, the antenna gain is increased, and a miniaturized antenna design is achieved.

[0046] FIG8 shows a gain comparison diagram of the antenna radiation structure provided in the embodiment of the present application and the conventional antenna radiation structure. As shown in FIG8 , the antenna radiation structure provided in the embodiment of the present application has a significant gain improvement in each antenna frequency band compared to the conventional antenna radiation structure, especially in the low frequency band. Taking the 3.5G-5G terminal antenna as an example, the antenna design is carried out with VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) <2 as the standard. The antenna radiation structure provided in the embodiment of the present application reduces the height by 3.8mm, and the length and width by 3mm respectively compared to the conventional magnetoelectric dipole antenna, thereby reducing the overall size of the antenna and realizing the miniaturization design of the antenna.

[0047] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and devices can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, or can be electrical, mechanical or other forms of connection.

[0048] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiments of the present application.

[0049] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0050] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, and such modifications or substitutions should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna radiation structure, wherein: It includes a metal floor and a magnetic dipole and magnetic guide integrated plane arranged on the metal floor; The magneto-electric dipole comprises four magneto-electric structural subunits, each of which comprises two magnetic dipole patches perpendicular to the metal floor and one electric dipole patch parallel to the metal floor, the four magneto-electric structural subunits are symmetrically distributed at the center of the metal floor, and the magnetic dipole patches of the four magneto-electric structural subunits form an X-shaped cavity; The magnetic guide integrated plane includes a plurality of magnetic guide integrated units, each of which includes a metal column connected to the metal floor and a metal patch arranged on the metal column, and the height of the magnetic guide integrated unit is less than the height of the magneto-electric structure subunit.

2. The structure according to claim 1, wherein: For each of the magneto-electric structural subunits, the two magnetic dipole patches are connected to the metal floor through a first edge and are vertically connected to each other through a second edge adjacent to the first edge, and the two adjacent edges of the electric dipole patch are respectively connected to the third edges of the two magnetic dipole patches, and the third edge is the opposite edge of the first edge, and the angle between each of the first edges and any edge of the metal floor is 45°.

3. The structure according to claim 2, wherein: A first opening structure is arranged along a fourth side of the electric dipole patch, and the fourth side is two sides other than the two adjacent sides of the electric dipole patch.

4. The structure according to claim 1, wherein: The plurality of magnetic guide integrated units are distributed in a square shape at a first distance along the edge of the metal floor, and the distance from the edge of the metal floor is a preset second distance.

5. The structure according to claim 1, wherein: The metal floor is square, and the sides of the metal patch are parallel to two opposite sides of the metal floor and perpendicular to the other two opposite sides of the metal floor.

6. The structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: The center of the metal column coincides with the center of the metal patch, and a second opening structure is provided at the vertex of the metal patch toward the center of the metal patch.

7. An antenna, wherein: It comprises a shell, an antenna radiating structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 arranged in the shell, and two cross-shaped feeding structures, wherein the feeding structure is arranged in an X-shaped cavity of the antenna radiating structure, and the feeding structure is connected to a radio frequency connector at one end close to the metal floor for connecting to a radio frequency line through a through hole on the metal floor adapted to the radio frequency connector.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, wherein: The feeding structure is connected to the inner core of the radio frequency connector, and the metal floor of the antenna radiation structure is connected to the outer skin of the radio frequency connector.

9. The antenna according to claim 7 or 8, wherein: One end of the feeding structure away from the metal floor is a rectangular metal sheet bent into a shape of a triangle, and the heights of the two feeding structures are different.

10. A communication device, wherein: The invention comprises the antenna radiation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the antenna according to any one of claims 7 to 9.

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