Projectile feed system

Abstract

A system for launching projectiles comprises a first wheel defining a first contact surface and a second wheel spaced from the first wheel and defining a second contact surface. The first contact surface and the second contact surface are spaced from each other to define a launch channel. The system also includes a transmission configured to transmit rotational motion of a motor to the first wheel and to the second wheel. The transmission is configured to cause the first wheel to rotate in a first rotational direction and to cause the second wheel to rotate in a second rotational direction opposite the first rotational direction

Description

PROJECTILE FEED SYSTEMCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to US Provisional Application No. 63 / 507,620, filed June 12, 2023, and titled “PROJECTILE FEED SYSTEM,” the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference.FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] This disclosure relates to action and mechanisms for use in projectile launchers, such as foam or other light-weight projectiles.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Projectile launching systems, such as foam dart launching systems, are used for a variety of recreational purposes. In many conventional systems, a spring is selectively retained in a cocked position, and release of the spring, e.g., by pulling a trigger, causes a projectile to be launched. More recently, some projectile systems have incorporated motor-driven launching mechanisms, e.g., that use motors to cock a spring and / or to otherwise launch a projectile. In at least one known system, a foam projectile is passed through two counter-rotating wheels, each driven by a separate motor. However, these conventional designs often have limited accuracy, limited exit velocities, a large footprint, and / or are cost-prohibitive. There is a need in the art for an improved projectile launching system that overcomes the inadequacies of conventional designs.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0004] The detailed description is described with reference to the accompanying figures. In the figures, the left-most digit of a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The same reference numbers in different figures indicate similar or identical items.

[0005] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of aspects of an example projectile launching system according to example implementations of this disclosure.

[0006] FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of the example projectile launching system illustrated in FIG. 1, according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0007] FIG. 3 is a side view of portion of the example projectile launching system of FIGS. 1 and 2, according to example embodiments of this disclosure.

[0008] FIG. 4 is an end view of the portion of the example projectile launching system of FIG. 3, according to example embodiments of this disclosure.

[0009] FIG. 5 is the end view of FIG. 4 showing a projectile in position for launching, according to example implementations of this disclosure.

[0010] FIGS. 6, 7, and 8 illustrate example arrangements of flywheels for use in projectile launching systems, according to examples of this disclosure.

[0011] FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate alternative arrangements of flywheels, according to examples of this disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 11 illustrates an alternative arrangement for launching spherical projectiles, according to examples of this disclosure.

[0013] FIGS. 12-16 are cross-sectional views of flywheels according to additional examples of this disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 17 is an exploded perspective view of a magazine assembly for use in a projectile launching system, according to examples of this disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 18 is an exploded side view of the magazine assembly of FIG. 17, according to examples of this disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Aspects of this disclosure relate to projectile launching systems, such as systems for launching foam and / or other light-weight projectiles. In some examples, the projectile launching systems described herein can be particularly suited for launching foam “darts,” which generally include a foam body and a weighted elastomeric, e.g., polymeric tip. Although specific examples detailed herein reference such darts, this disclosure is not limited to launching foam darts. For instance, in other examples, the darts may be other than foam, including but not limited to plastic, metallic, and / or the like. This disclosure also is not limited to launching darts. For instance, the systems described herein may be used to launch spherical projectiles or the like. As will be appreciated by those having ordinary skill in the art with the benefit of this disclosure, thetechniques and systems detailed herein may be used for other types of projectiles.

[0017] In aspects of this disclosure, a projectile launching system includes a motor driving two opposing and spaced-apart wheels. The motor may be a conventional electric motor, e.g., configured to rotate a motor shaft about a rotational axis at a rotational velocity based on an applied current. In examples, the motor shaft is coupled via a transmission, e.g., including one or more gears, linkages, and / or the like, to both wheels. In examples, the wheels are spaced apart from each other to define a launch channel through which a projectile is launched. The wheels are configured to rotate in opposite directions, e.g., to act on the projectile and force the projectile through the launch channel. For instance, when the projectile is a dart, the dart may pass longitudinally through the launch channel, the counter-rotating wheels apply a force to an outer surface of the dart, and the force proj ects the dart through the launch channel. Similarly, when the projectile is a sphere, the counter-rotating wheels apply an outer surface of the sphere, and the force projects the dart through the launch channel.

[0018] According to aspects of this disclosure, the same motor drives both wheels. Accordingly, the rotational velocities of the two wheels can be closely matched, ensuring substantially equal impact on the projectile by each of the wheels. This is in contrast to conventional systems that include two motors, each driving a separate wheel. In such systems, synching the motor output velocities can be extremely difficult and / or extremely expensive, and absent such synchronization, a trajectory of a launched projectile can be highly erratic. In still further examples, the effect of the motor on the wheels can be varied, e.g., such that the rotational velocities of the two wheels may be varied. For example, when the projectile is a spherical projectile, the velocities of the wheels can be varied to cause desired rotation on the sphere. For instance, the wheels may be configured to impart “back spin” on the sphere. Such back spin may be used to create “hop-up,” which can result in improved accuracy and / or flight length.

[0019] In examples of this disclosure, the wheels may be multiple pieces and / or include multiple materials. For instance, each of the wheels may include a hub and an outer member fixed to the hub, configured to rotate with the hub. In examples, the hub and the outer member may be made of different materials. For example, the outer member, which is positioned to make contact with a projectile to be launched, can be a material that has a higher coefficient of friction, e.g., to maximize “grip” between the outer member and the projectile to be launched. The outer member may also be relatively compressible and / or conformable, e g., to at least partially conform to anouter surface of the projectile to be launched. In some examples, the outer member may be made from rubber or an elastomeric material. The outer member may be made of a relatively softer material than the material of the hub. For example, by forming the other member by a relatively softer material, the wheels may provide an improved interface with the projectile, e.g., relative to conventional systems in which the wheels are formed from a relatively rigid material.

[0020] In aspects of this disclosure, the wheels include a channel or similar contoured surface that at least partially defines the launch channel. In some instances, an outer surface of the wheels can be configured to generally correspond to outer surface of the projectile to be launched. In other instances, the outer surface and / or a spacing of the wheels may be configured such that the launch channel is smaller, e.g., smaller in diameter, then the projectile to be fired. In these instances, as the projectile is forced through the launch channel, the projectile and / or portions of the wheels may be deformed. Such deformation may act to increase a contacting surface area between the wheels and the projectile. Such arrangements may also limit slip, or relative motion, between the projectile and the wheels.

[0021] Having a single motor drive both flywheels can also increase design flexibility. For example, in some instances, the motor can be spaced from the wheels, rotated relative to the wheels, and / or otherwise positioned, with the transmission being configured to ensure desired driving of the wheels. In some examples, the wheels can be arranged such that the rotational axes of each are generally horizontal, generally vertical, and / or otherwise arranged.

[0022] The techniques and systems described herein may be implemented in a number of ways. Example implementations are provided below with reference to the figures.

[0023] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a projectile launching system 100 according to aspects of this disclosure. In examples, the projectile launching system 100 may be incorporated into a type of projectile launcher, aspects of which are not shown or described herein. In at least one non-limiting example, the projectile launcher may be embodied as a dart blaster, and the darts may be foam, plastic, metal, and / or made of some other material. For instance, the launcher can include one or more of a barrel, a trigger assembly, a power supply, an outer body, and / or additional components associated with launchers.

[0024] The projectile launching system 100 is generally illustrated as including a feed portion 102 and an action portion 104. The feed portion 102 is configured to retain one or more projectiles 106 and to present one of the projectiles 106 for launching via the action portion 104. The feedportion 102 may include a magazine 110, as in FIG. 1, or any other system, assembly, and / or component s). An example of a magazine that may comprise a part of the feed portion 102 will be detailed further below, with reference to FIGS. 16 and 17.

[0025] Although not illustrated in FIG. 1, the feed portion 102 can also include an actuator or conveyance mechanism to move the projectiles 106 from the feed portion 102 to the action portion 104, e.g., for firing from the projectile launching system 100. In at least one example, a top-most one of the projectiles 116 may be contacted, e.g., at a trailing end, by an actuator and pushed generally along the length of the projectile 116 to the action portion 104, as described further herein. In other examples, the actuator can be a rotary actuator, e.g., disposed above the projectiles 106 and configured to impart a force on the projectiles 116, upon contacting the projectiles 116.

[0026] The action portion 104 is configured to launch the projectiles 106, e.g., one at a time. In the illustration of FIG. 1, the action portion 104 includes a housing 108 that defines an inlet 112 through which the projectiles 106 enter the housing. Although obscured in the view of FIG. 1, the housing 108 also includes an outlet through which the projectiles exit the housing 108. FIG. 1 includes an example of a launched projectile 114, which has been launched by the action portion, through the outlet of the action portion. In some examples, the outlet of the action portion may cooperate with a barrel or similar conduit through which the launch proj ectile 114 may be directed. In the example of FIG. 1, the projectiles 106 generally pass through the action portion 104 of the projectile launching system 100 along a launch path 116. In FIG. 1, the launch path 116 is substantially linear. In other examples, however, the launch path 116 may be other than linear, e.g., including one or more arcs, turns, or the like.

[0027] FIG. 2 is substantially the same as FIG. 1, but an outer housing of the magazine 110 is transparent, to show additional aspects of the of the feed portion 102. Moreover, the housing 108 of the action portion 104 is removed, to show additional, internal, components of the action portion 104.

[0028] In more detail, and as better shown in FIG. 2, the feed portion 102 is configured to hold a number of the projectiles 106 (ten are shown in FIG. 2). The projectiles 106 are biased to a top of the feed portion 102, and exit through an opening 202 proximate a top of the magazine 110. In the ulcerated example, the opening 202 proximate the top of the magazine 110 is generally aligned with the inlet 112 of the housing 108. Although not illustrated in FIG. 2, a launcher including the projectile launching system 100 may also include a pushing mechanism or other actuator thatcauses the projectile positioned in the opening 202 of the magazine 110 to enter the action portion 104 via the inlet 112. In other examples, the opening 202 may not be directly aligned with the inlet 112. For example some actuation system may be provided to otherwise move the projectiles from the magazine 110 to the inlet 112 of the action portion 104. As will be appreciated, although the magazine is illustrated as containing ten projectiles 106, the magazine 110 may be configured to retain more or fewer instances of the projectiles 106.

[0029] As illustrated in FIG. 2, the action portion 104 includes a motor 204, a transmission 206, a first wheel 208, and a second wheel 210. In operation, rotational motion at the motor 204 is conveyed, via the transmission 206, to the first wheel 208 and the second wheel 210. More specifically, the first wheel 208 is driven to turn in a first rotational direction (counterclockwise in the orientation of FIG. 2) shown by an arrow 212, and the second wheel 210 is driven to turn in a second rotational direction, opposite the first rotational direction (clockwise in the orientation of FIG. 1), shown by an arrow 214. As will be appreciated, with this orientation, as one of the projectiles 106 is advanced along the launch path 116 into contact with the first wheel 208 and the second wheel 210, continued rotation of the wheels 208, 210 will force the projectile 106 between the wheels 208, 210, causing the projectile 106 to be launched.

[0030] In the illustration of FIG. 2, the transmission 206 includes a plurality of gears cooperating to drive the first wheel 208 and the second wheel 210. More specifically, the transmission 206 is indicators including a motor gear 216 associated with the motor 204. In examples, the motor gear 216 may be fixed to or otherwise integrated into a shaft of the motor 204. Without limitation, the motor gear 216 may be keyed to the shaft of the motor 204. The transmission 206 also is illustrated as including a first driving gear 218 and a second driving gear 220. In the example, the first driving gear 218 is driven by the motor gear 216 and, in turn, drives a first wheel gear 222 associated with the first wheel 208. The second driving gear 220 is driven by the first driving gear 218 and, in turn, a second wheel gear 224 associated with the second wheel 210. In more detail, each of the motor gear 216, the first driving gear 218, the second driving gear 220, the first wheel 208, and the second wheel 210 includes a plurality of cooperating gear teeth to transmit rotational motion of the shaft of the motor 204 to the wheels 208, 210, as just described. As will be appreciated, the transmission 206 illustrated in FIG. 2 is for example only. Other arrangements for transferring rotational motion from the motor 204 to the wheels 208, 210 also are contemplated, and will be appreciated by those having ordinary skill in the art with the benefitof this disclosure.

[0031] FIGS. 3 and 4 are side and end views, respectively, of aspects of the action portion 104, including the motor 204, the wheels 208, 210, and the driving gears 218, 220. As best shown in FIG. 3 (and in FIGS. 11-15 discussed below), the first wheel 208 and the second wheel 210 may be multiple piece components. For instance, the first wheel 208 is illustrated as including a first inner or first hub portion 302 and a first outer portion 304. Similarly, the second wheel 210 is illustrated as including a second hub portion 306 and a second outer portion 308. In examples, the first wheel 208 may be substantially identical to the second wheel 210, although such is not required. In examples, the hub portions 302, 306 may be a central portion including or mounted to a shaft about which the respective hub portion 302, 306 rotates. The outer portions 304, 308 are secured to the respective hub portions 302, 306 such that rotation of the hub portions 302, 306 causes corresponding rotation of the outer portions 304, 308. In some examples, the outer portions 304, 308 may be formed of a material different from the material forming the hub portions 302, 306. Without limitation, the outer portions 304, 308 may be formed of a deformable or pliable material, such as an elastomeric or rubber material. For example, the outer portions 304, 308 may be configured to deform under a force between an outer surface of the projectile 106 and the respective outer portions 304, 308 of the first wheel 208 and the second wheel 210. For example, the wheels may be made of a material having a durometer rating of between about 40 and about 90 on a Shore-A scale. By deforming in this manner, the outer portions 304, 308 may provide an increased contact area between the projectile 106 and the wheels 208, 210. This increased contact area may reduce slip between the wheels 208, 210 and the projectile 106 and / or provide other benefits. In examples, the hub may be formed of a more rigid material, e.g., a rigid polymer, Delrin, metal, or the like.

[0032] Although the hardness of the material comprising the outer portions 304, 308 will have an impact on velocity transfer from the wheels to the proj ectile 106, other factors or characteristics will also have an impact. For example, and without limitation, the outer portions 304, 308 may be formed of a non-lubricious or minimally-lubricated material. Specifically, some rubber and / or elastomeric materials may be lubricious, and as a result, these materials may promote slippage between the wheels 208, 210, and the projectile 106. Thus, the material for the outer portions 304, 308 may be selected from non-lubricious materials. Other material characteristics of the outer portions 304, 308 may also be useful to prevent slip between the wheels 208, 210 and the projectile106. For example, materials with a higher coefficient of friction may be preferred in some examples. Relatively tacky material materials may also be used on the outer surface.

[0033] Other factors can also reduce slippage. For example, although the outer portions 304, 308 are illustrated as being relative smooth, in other instances the outer portions 304, 308 can comprise a rough or textured surface. For instance, the outer portions 304, 308 can include a repeating pattern, e.g., similar to a tread pattern, formed therein. In still further examples, the outer portions 304, 308 can include protrusions, bumps, and / or other surface finishes and / or features.

[0034] As noted above, the outer portions 304, 308 may be fixed to the hub portions 302, 306. In some examples, the hub portions 302, 306 may be configured to selectively couple to the outer portions 304, 308. For instance, each of the wheels 208, 210 is illustrated as including a number of fasteners 310. In some examples, the fastener 310 may be configured to secure two separate members forming the hub portions 302, 306. Upon removal the fasteners 310, the members may be separated from each other to selectively remove the outer portions 304, 308, respectively. Without limitation, the separate members of the hub portions 302, 306 may form a channel or similar recess configured to receive a cooperating feature on the outer portions 304, 308. In this manner, the outer portions 304, 308 may be selectively removed, e.g. to selectively replace the outer portions 304, 308 with different outer members, e.g., having different material compositions, different profiles, or the like. In other examples, the outer portions 304, 308 may alternatively be retained on the hub portions 302, 306, respectively, via an interference fit and / or other means. In some examples, the outer portions 304, 308 may be formed integrally with the hub portion, e.g., via overmolding, deposition, and / or other processes that will substantially prevent non-destructive removal of the outer portions 304, 308 from the hub portions 302, 306.

[0035] As noted above, the outer portions 304, 308 are positioned to contact a projectile to be launched. The outer portions 304, 308 can be constructed of a material that has a relatively higher coefficient of friction, e.g., relative to the hub portions 302, 306. For the example the material of the outer portions 304, 308 may be configured to maximize “grip” between the outer portion and the projectile to be launched. The outer member may also be relatively compressible and / or conformable, e.g., to at least partially conform to an outer surface of the projectile to be launched. In some examples, the outer member may be made from rubber or an elastomeric material. The outer member may be made of a relatively softer material than the material of the hub. For example, by forming the other member by a relatively softer material, the wheels may provide animproved interface with the projectile, e.g., relative to conventional systems in which the wheels are formed from a relatively rigid material.

[0036] As best shown in FIG. 4, the first wheel 208 and the second wheel 210 are spaced from each other to define a launch channel 402. Specifically, the launch channel 402 may be a space between a first outer surface 404 of the first wheel 208 and a second outer surface 406 of the second wheel 210. The size and shape of the launch channel are generally defined by profiles of the outer surfaces 404, 406 and a spacing of the first wheel 208 from the second wheel 210. In the example of FIG. 4, the first surface 404 and the second surface 406 are generally arcuate, concave surfaces. In some examples, the profiles of the first surface 404 and the second surface 406 can be configured to closely comport with an outer surface of the projectiles 106. For instance, in the example of FIGS. 3 and 4, a radius of the outer surface may be substantially the same as a radius of the outer surface of the projectiles 106. However, this is merely one example. In other instances, the outer surfaces 404, 406 may be convex, flat, and / or otherwise formed. Moreover, each of the surfaces 404, 406 can include a number of surfaces having different surface characteristics, e.g., to form more complex profiles for the outer surfaces 404, 406.

[0037] As also illustrated by FIGS. 3 and 4, the motor 204, the transmission 206, the first wheel 208, and the second wheel 210 form a relatively compact structure that facilitates coordinated rotation of the first wheel 208 with the second wheel 210. Accordingly, the action portion 104 can be disposed in relatively small launchers, e.g., as compared to some more complex and bulky arrangements. Moreover, although the first wheel 208 and the second wheel 210 are shown as being disposed one above the other, e.g., generally spaced in a vertical direction, they need not be. Without limitation, the arrangement shown in FIG. 3 and 4 can just as readily be disposed in a launcher such that the rotation of the first wheel 208 and the second wheel 210 is generally in a horizontal plane or in any plane rotated relative to the vertical and / or horizonal plane. Moreover, although the first wheel 208 and the second wheel 210 are shown in examples, in other implementations, additional wheels, also driven by the motor 204 can also be provided. For instance, three wheels may be provided, e.g., rotation 120-degrees relative to each other, such that outer surfaces of the three wheels contact and propel the projectile 106.

[0038] As will also be appreciated, because of the relatively large number of teeth on the first driving gear 218 in the second driving gear 220, relative to the number of teeth on the motor gear 216, the first wheel gear 222, second wheel gear 224, the transmission 206 can effectively drivethe wheels 208, 210 at a rotational speed greater than the rotational speed of the shaft of the motor 204. As the appreciated, by altering aspects of the transmission 206, including the gear ratios or the like, the speed of the wheels 208, 210 can be configured according to any number of preferences, parameters, and / or the like.

[0039] FIGS. 5 and 6 are provided to show additional aspects of the interaction of the wheels 208, 210 with the projectile 106. More specifically, FIG. 5 is an end view showing the first wheel 208, the second wheel 210, and the projectile 106 positioned for launching by the wheels 208, 210. For clarity, the projectile 106 is illustrated in dashed lines.

[0040] In this example, the projectile 106 has a generally cylindrical body 502 defining an outer surface 504. The outer surface 504 is generally cylindrical, with a substantially constant outer diameter. As also illustrated in FIG. 5, when the projectile 106 is aligned between the first outer surface 404 of the first wheel 208 and the second outer surface 406 of the second wheel 210, an interference fit exists between the projectile 106 and the wheels 208, 210. More specifically, a spacing 506 between an axis of rotation 508 of the first wheel 208 and an axis of rotation 510 of the second wheel 210 is such that a spacing 512 between the opposing outer surfaces 404, 406 of the first wheel 208 and the second wheel 210 is less than the outer diameter of the projectile 106. In FIG. 5, the overlap or interference is illustrated as an offset 508.

[0041] In examples, the body 502 of the projectile 106 may be formed of a foam or other compressible material. Accordingly, as the projectile 106 enters the space between the wheels 208, 210, the outer body compresses to conform to the profiles of the first outer surface 400 for the first wheel 208 and the second outer surface 406 of the second wheel 210. Also, or alternatively, as detailed above, the outer surfaces 404, 406 of the wheels 200, 210 may be compressible. Accordingly, the outer surfaces 404, 406 may deform as the projectile 106 passes between the wheels 208, 210. In examples, the deformation of the projectile 106 and / or of the outer surfaces 404, 406 may ensure a large contact area between the outer surface 504 of the projectile 106 and the outer surfaces 404, 406 of the wheels 208, 210. In examples, this relatively large contact area may reduce slip between the contacting surfaces. For example, conventional dart blasters may experience projectile exit velocities that are significantly lower than a tangential velocity associated with the wheels 208, 210.

[0042] FIG. 6 is substantially identical to FIG. 5, but shows the projectile 106 spaced from the wheels 208, 210. FIG. 6 more clearly shows that the outer surfaces 404, 406 of the wheels 208,210 have a substantially constant radius 602. The radius 602 may correspond to a radius of the projectile, may be smaller than a radius associated with projectile 106, or may be larger than a radius associated with the projectile. As will be appreciated, adjusting the spacing 506 between the wheels 208, 210 and / or the radii 602 will impact an interaction of the wheels 208, 210 with the projectile 106.

[0043] For instance, FIGS. 7 and 8 show modifications to the spacing 506 and / or to the outer surfaces 404, 406, to create different interference profiles. More specifically, FIG. 7 shows an alternative arrangement 700 in which the first wheel 208 has an alternative first outer surface 702 and the second wheel 210 has an alternative second outer surface 704. In this example, the outer surfaces 702, 704 have a substantially constant radius, which is larger than the radius 602 discussed above. Moreover, in the example of FIG. 7, the axis of rotation 508 of the first wheel 208 and the axis of rotation 510 of the second wheel 210 are spaced by an alternative spacing 706, which is larger than the spacing 506, discussed above. As a result, in the alternative arrangement 700, a spacing 708 between the alternative outer surfaces 702, 704 is larger than the spacing 512 discussed above. As a result, the launch channel is larger, and there is less interference between the wheels 208, 210 and the projectile 106.

[0044] Although the example of FIG. 7 contemplates that the radii of the outer surfaces 702, 704 are relatively larger than the radii of the surface in previous examples, the radius may be smaller than in previous examples. For example, the radii of the surfaces 702, 704 may be as small as half a thickness of the wheel 208 or less. When less, the outer surfaces 702, 704 can include a flat or angled surface proximate edges of the wheels 208, 210. In some examples, a smaller radius may result in less than all of the outer surfaces 702, 704 contacting the outer surface of the projectile. Specifically, the radii of the surfaces 702, 704 and / or the alternative spacing 706 may be such that only the outermost portions (e.g., relative to the thickness of the wheels 208, 210, and / or relative to the axes of rotation of the wheels) of the outer surfaces 702, 704 contact the outer surface of the projectile. For instance, contact of the projectile at these outermost “tips” of the outer surfaces 702, 704 may have a greater influence on velocity transfer than in the “trough” of the concave outer surfaces.

[0045] FIG. 8 shows another alternative arrangement 800 in which the first wheel 208 has an alternative first outer surface 802 and the second wheel 210 has an alternative second outer surface 804. In this example, the outer surfaces 802, 804 have a substantially V-shaped profile, eachincluding two opposing arcuate surfaces. In this example, the profile of the launch channel is varied, which may result in different launch characteristics or the like. Moreover, the V-shaped profile of the alternative arrangement 800 may provide a greater surface area of the surfaces 802, 804, e.g., as compared to the surfaces 404, 406 and / or the alternative surfaces 702, 704. The greater surface area may provide an increased contact area or interface between the projectile 106 and the wheels 208, 210, which may be reduce slip and / or otherwise better transfer movement of the wheels 208, 210 to the projectile 106 for launching.

[0046] As will be appreciated from the foregoing, the profiles of the outer surfaces of the wheels 208, 210 can be configured in a number of ways to adjust aspects of the interface between the wheels and the projectiles. Examples in addition to those just detailed above also are contemplated and will be appreciated by those having ordinary skill in the art.

[0047] Although each of the examples discussed above contemplates the use of two opposing wheels 208, 210, in other examples more than two wheels can be used. For example, FIG. 9 shows an alternative arrangement 900 in which a first wheel 902, a second wheel 904, and a third wheel 906 are angled relative to each other such that a surface of each of the wheels 902, 904, 906 forms a channel through which one of the projectiles 106 is to be fired. In the example, the surfaces of the wheels 902, 904, 906 are configured to contact an outer surface of one of the projectiles 106. Similar to earlier-discussed examples, the wheels 902, 904, 906 may be rotated, e.g., via one or more gears, by a single motor. The wheels 902, 904, 906 also may be configured to rotate at substantially the same rotational velocity. In still other examples, rotation of the wheels at different velocities may allow for selectively altering the flight path of the proj ectile. Although the example of FIG. 9 shows three wheels, more wheels may be used around the circumference of the projectile 106.

[0048] FIG. 10 is another example arrangement 1000 that includes multiple wheels. Specifically, the example arrangement 1000 includes two first wheels 1002a, 1002b, e.g., as a first pair of wheels, and two second wheels 1004a, 1004b, e.g., as a second pair of wheels. In operation, the wheels act to transfer the projectile 106 generally in the direction of arrow 1006. More specifically, a projectile 106 is fed to the first wheels 1002a, 1002b, and the first pair of wheels 1002a, 1002b force the projectile 116 to the second wheels 1004a, 1004b. In turn, the second wheels 1004a, 1004b fire the projectile 116. Although shown schematically, the first wheels 1002a, 1002b and / or the second wheels 1004a, 1004b may be any of the wheels 208, 210 discussedherein.

[0049] The first wheels 1002a, 1002b may be substantially the same as the second wheels 1004a, 1004b. In other examples, however, the wheels can be different. For example, the rotational speed of the first wheels 1002a, 1002b may be different, e.g., slower, then the rotational speed of the second wheels 1004a, 1004b. Also in examples, a launch channel formed by the first wheels 1002a, 1002b, e.g., corresponding to the launch channel 402, may be differently sized and / or shaped than a launch channel formed by the second wheels 1004a, 1004b. Moreover, although the first wheels 1002a, 1002b and the second wheels 1004a, 1004b are illustrated as being vertically oriented, in other examples one or both pairs of wheels may be otherwise oriented, e.g., about the projectile 106.

[0050] As noted above, in addition to being used in connection with darts as projectiles, the systems described herein may also be used in connection with other projectiles. FIG. 11 illustrates an example in which a spherical projectile 1100 is used instead of the dart of the previous examples.

[0051] Without limitation, the spherical projectile 1100 may be a foam sphere, a polymeric sphere, a metallic sphere, or the like. The spherical projectile 1100 may be a BB. In other examples, the spherical projectile 1100 may be made of multiple materials. For example, the spherical projectile 1100 can be a filled sphere, e.g., having an outer casing such as a thin polymeric material, and an inner material such as a gel, a marking liquid such as paint, water, or the like. In still further examples the spherical projectile 1100 may have a hollow core.

[0052] FIG. 11 shows aspects of the action portion 104, including the motor 204, the wheels 208, 210, and the driving gears 218, 220. As with the examples described above (and in FIGS. 12-16 discussed below), the first wheel 208 and the second wheel 210 may be multiple piece components. For instance, the first wheel 208 is illustrated as including a first inner or first hub portion 1102 and a first outer portion 1104. Similarly, the second wheel 210 is illustrated as including a second hub portion 1106 and a second outer portion 1108. In examples, the first wheel 208 may be substantially identical to the second wheel 210, although such is not required. In examples, the hub portions 1102, 1106 may be a central portion including or mounted to a shaft about which the respective hub portion 1102, 1106 rotates. The outer portions 1104, 1108 are secured to the respective hub portions 1102, 1106 such that rotation of the hub portions 1102, 1106 causes corresponding rotation of the outer portions 1104, 1108. In some examples, the outerportions 1104, 1 108 may be formed of a material different from the material forming the hub portions 1102, 1106. Without limitation, the outer portions 1104, 1108 may be formed of a deformable or pliable material, such as an elastomeric or rubber material. For example, the outer portions 1104, 1108 may be configured to deform under a force between an outer surface of the projectile spherical projectile 1100 and the respective outer portions 1104, 1108 of the first wheel 208 and the second wheel 210. For example, the wheels may be made of a material having a durometer rating of between about 40 and about 90 on a Shore-A scale. By deforming in this manner, the outer portions 1104, 1108 may provide an increased contact area between the projectile 1100 and the wheels 208, 210. This increased contact area may reduce slip between the wheels 208, 210 and the projectile 1100 and / or provide other benefits. In examples, the hub may be formed of a more rigid material, e.g., a rigid polymer, Delrin, metal, or the like.

[0053] Although the hardness of the material comprising the outer portions 1104, 1108 will have an impact on velocity transfer from the wheels to the projectile 1100, other factors or characteristics will also have an impact. For example, and without limitation, the outer portions 1104, 1108 may be formed of a non-lubricious or minimally-lubricated material. Specifically, some rubber and / or elastomeric materials may be lubricious, and as a result, these materials may promote slippage between the wheels 208, 210, and the projectile 1100. Thus, the material for the outer portions 1104, 1108 may be selected from non-lubricious materials. Other material characteristics of the outer portions 1104, 1108 may also be useful to prevent slip between the wheels 208, 210 and the projectile 1100. For example, materials with a higher coefficient of friction may be preferred in some examples. Relatively tacky material materials may also be used on the outer surface.

[0054] In the example of FIG. 11, the first driving gear 218 and the second driving gear 220 are illustrated as having different sizes. Specifically, in the example, the first driving gear 218 has a smaller diameter than the second driving gear. Also in examples, the first driving gear 218 and the second driving gear 220 may have different teeth numbers and / or different tooth arrangements. For example, the first driving gear 218 may have fewer teeth than the second driving gear 220. In the illustrated example, as with other examples described herein, the motor 204 drives both driving gears 218, 220 (e.g., the second driving gear 220 is driven by the first driving gear 218, which is directly driven by the motor 204). However, because of the varied sizes of the driving gears 218, 220, the first driving gear 218 may be configured to move with a higher rotational speed than thesecond driving gear 220. As a result of this arrangement, the first wheel 208 will rotate faster than the second wheel 210. With the varied rotation speeds, the wheels 208, 210 may impart a rotation on the spherical projectile 1100, e.g., a back spin on the spherical projectile 1100. In examples, the backspin can create “hop-up” which may improve accuracy and / or travel distance of the spherical projectile 1100.

[0055] Although FIG. 11 shows the spherical projectile 1100 being used with the different driving gears 218, 220, As will be appreciated, the spherical projectile 1100 may be used with any of the launching arrangements discussed herein. Moreover, projectiles other than the spherical projectile 1100 may be used with the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 11.

[0056] As will be appreciated, presenting the spherical projectile 1100 to the action portion 104 may be accomplished other than via the feed portion 102. For example, and although not illustrated, in examples a number of the spherical projectiles 1100 may be retained in a hopper or similar container. For instance, the projectiles 1100 may be fed, e g., gravity fed, from the hopper to the action portion 104. In other examples, the projectiles may be retained in a magazine, which may be spring-loaded, for example. Other feeding mechanisms may also or alternatively be used.

[0057] FIGS. 12 - 16 are cross-sectional views taken along section line 3C-3C in FIG. 3. Specifically, FIGS. 12-16 show different compositions and constructions of an example wheel, which may correspond to the wheel 208 or the wheel 210, according to aspects of this disclosure. Specifically, each of FIGS. 12-16 shows an example wheel that includes at least a two-material or two-piece construction, as described herein. For instance, the example wheels of FIGS. 12-16 may include a first portion, like the first inner or first hub portion 302 and a second portion, like the first outer portion 304, discussed above. FIG. 12 shows an example wheel 1200 including a hub 1202 disposed about a shaft 1204 and an outer portion 1206 coupled to the hub 1202. In examples, the hub 1202 may correspond to the hub portion 302 of examples described herein and / or the outer portion 1206 may correspond to the hub portion 304 of examples described herein.

[0058] As illustrated in FIG. 12, at a first longitudinal end 1208 of the hub 102 a plurality of gear teeth 1210 are provided, e.g., to transfer motion from a motor, via one or more meshing gears. Although the gear teeth 1210 are illustrated, the hub 1202 may be otherwise configured to rotate, e.g., via a keyed arrangement, a spline, a press fit, and / or any other coupling or other arrangement capable of transmitting power to cause the hub 1202 to rotate, as will be understood in the art. A second longitudinal end 1212 of the hub 102 includes a retention mechanism 1214. In more detail,the retention mechanism 1214 includes a first annular protrusion or flange 1216 and a second annular protrusion or flange 1218. The flanges 1216, 1218 face each other to define a pinched or necked section of the retention mechanism 1214.

[0059] As illustrated in FIG. 12, the outer member 1206 is shaped to cooperate with the retention member. Specifically, the outer member 1206 includes a necked portion 1220 configured to be received between the flanges 1216, 1218. Radially inward of the necked portion 1220, the outer member 1206 includes a retained portion 1222 that has a thickness, e.g., in a longitudinal direction of the wheel 1200, that is larger than a distance, e.g., in the same longitudinal direction, between the flanges 1216, 1218. Radially outward from the necked portion 1220, the outer member 1206 includes a contacting portion 1224 that includes a contact surface 1226 configured to contact a projectile, as described above. The outer portion may have the material properties described above with reference to the outer portions 304, 308. The contact surface 1226 may have any number of profiles or contours, generally as described further herein.

[0060] The example of FIG. 12 may be manufactured by making the hub portion as two pieces. For example, the second flange 1218 may be formed on a separate, e.g., disc-shaped, piece. In this example, the outer portion 1206 may be slid over the second longitudinal end 1212 of a main hub portion, e.g., excluding the “separate piece” having the second flange 1218. With the necked portion 120 seated over the first flange 1216, the separate piece is then slid into place with the second flange 1218 proximate or contacting the necked portion 1220. In examples, the separate piece can be press-fit, threaded onto, or otherwise secured to the “main” hub portion 1202. As will be appreciated, this manufacturing and assembly method is for example only; other methods and constructions may be used to arrive at the illustrated arrangement.

[0061] FIG. 13 shows another example wheel 1300. Like the wheel 1100, the wheel 1300 generally includes a hub 1302 and an outer member 1304, which may be functionally the same as the hub portion 1102 and the outer member 1106, respectively. In the wheel 1300, the hub 1302 includes a first hub portion 1306 and a second hub portion 1308. As illustrated, the first hub portion 1306 includes an annular receptacle 1310, and the second hub portion 1308 includes a post 1312 configured for insertion (and retention) in the annular receptacle 1310. In examples, the post 1312 may be press-fit into the receptacle 1310, threaded into the receptacle 1310, and / or otherwise coupled to the receptacle.

[0062] Coupling the first hub portion 1306 to the second hub portion 1308 may secure theouter member 1304 to the hub 1302. As illustrated, the first hub portion 1306 includes a first annular protrusion or flange 1314 and the second hub portion 1308 includes a second annular protrusion or flange 1316. The flanges 1314, 1316 face each other to define a pinched or necked section to retain the outer member 1304.

[0063] As illustrated in FIG. 13, the outer member 1304 is shaped to cooperate with the retention member. Specifically, the outer member 1304 includes a necked portion 1318 configured to be received between the flanges 1314, 1316. Radially inward of the necked portion 1318, the outer member 1304 includes a retained portion 1320 that has a thickness, e.g., in a longitudinal direction of the wheel 1300, that is larger than a distance, e.g., in the same longitudinal direction, between the flanges 1314, 1316. Radially outward from the necked portion 1318, the outer member 1304 includes a contacting portion 1322 that includes a contact surface 1324 configured to contact a projectile, as described above. The outer portion may have the material properties described above with reference to the outer portions 304, 308. The contact surface 1324 may have any number of profiles or contours, generally as described further herein.

[0064] The wheel 1300 may be readily assembled and disassembled, e.g., by removing the second hub portion 1308 from the first hub portion 1306. In this way, the outer member 1304 may be replaced. Replacement of the outer member 1304 may be desirable to configure the wheel 1300 with different material characteristics, e.g., to configure the wheels to launch differently sized projectiles, differently shaped projectiles, and / or projectiles of different composition.

[0065] FIG. 14 shows another example wheel 1400 including a hub 1402 and an outer member 1404. Unlike previous examples, the outer member 1404 of the wheel 1400 is molded, e.g., overmolded, onto the hub 1402. As shown in FIG. 14, the hub 1402 has a cylindrical shaft 1406. The cylindrical shaft 1406 can include gear teeth or the like to facilitate movement of the hub 1402, as in other examples described herein. The hub 1402 also includes an annular protrusion 1408 extending radially outwardly from the shaft 1406 and terminating at an outer surface 1410. The annular protrusion 1408 may be disc-shaped. The outer surface 1410 is substantially perpendicular to the protrusion 1408, to form a substantially T-shaped cross-section. The outer member 1404 may be overmolded to desired shape, thickness, etc., from a desirable material, as detailed herein. In the example of FIG. 14, the protrusion 1408 may include one or more holes or gaps 1410, which may facilitate bonding of the outer member 1404 to the hub 1402 via overmolding.

[0066] FIG. 15 show another example wheel 1 00 that is very similar to the wheel 1400. Specifically, the wheel 1500 includes a hub 1502 and an outer member 1504 molded to the hub 1502. The hub 1502, like the hub 1402, includes a shaft 1506, an annular protrusion 1508 around the shaft 1506, and an outer surface 1510. Unlike in the wheel 1400, the outer surface 1510 is angled relative to the annular protrusion 1508 to form a Y-shaped cross-section. As will be appreciated, the Y-shaped cross-section may cause the wheel 1500 to behave differently than the T-shaped cross-section of the wheel 1400. For example, the wheel 1500 may react differently to the same force, e.g., a force perpendicular to the axis of the wheel 1500. For example, the Y- shape, because it more closely approximates the profile of an outer, contact surface 1512 of the outer member 1504, e.g., the surface that contacts a projectile, may result in a more uniform reaction to contact of a projectile with the contact surface 1512. In the example of FIG. 14, outer edges of a corresponding contact surface may react differently than portions closer to the center of the surface, e.g., because of a relative distance from the outer surface 1410 of the hub 1402.

[0067] Of course, the disclosure is not limited to the examples shown. In modifications of FIGS. 14 and 15, the contact surfaces 1412, 1512 can be differently oriented, e.g., to provide other than the T- or Y-shaped profiles discussed above. Moreover, the hubs 1402, 1502 may be differently shaped, including with different power transmission features or the like.

[0068] FIG. 16 is an example of another wheel 1600 that has similarities to the wheels 1300, 1400, discussed above. Specifically, the wheel 1600 includes a hub 1602 that includes a shaft 1604, an annular protrusion 1606 around the shaft 1604, and an outer surface 1608 at which the annular protrusion 1606 terminates. In the illustrated example, the outer surface 1608 is arcuate, although it may be differently shaped. Different from the previous examples, the wheel 1600 includes a surface additive 1610 as the outer member. The surface additive may be a film, coating or other substrate-like material disposed on the outer surface 1608 of the hub 1602. In examples, the surface additive 1610 may be adhered, mechanically affixed, or otherwise retained on the outer surface 1608. In at least some examples, the surface additive 1610 can be a surface finish on the outer surface 1608, such as knurling or the like. Without limitation, the surface additive may facilitate increased friction between the wheel 1600 and a projectile (e.g., relative to no surface additive being present).

[0069] FIGS. 17 and 18 are exploded perspective and side views of the magazine 110. As shown in these examples, the magazine 110 includes a housing 1702, a slide 1704, and a biasingmember 1706. FIGS. 17 and 18 also include one instance of the projectiles 106.

[0070] The housing 1702 is generally elongated and defines a volume configured to retain a number of the projectiles 106 in a predetermined arrangement therein. In the example, the housing is configured to retain the projectiles in a stacked arrangement, all oriented in the same direction. As also shown, the volume terminates, at the top of the magazine, at the opening 202 through which the projectiles are fed from the magazine, e.g., to the action portion 104. The housing includes, at the opening 202, opposing arcuate tabs 1708 configured to retain the proj ectiles against a biasing force applied to the projectiles 106 by the slide 1704, via the biasing member 1706.

[0071] In examples, the slide 1704 is configured to move relative to the housing 1702. The slide 1704 has a contoured top surface 1710, generally configured to correspond to a contour of the outer surface of the proj ectile 106. When filled, a lower-most proj ectile contacts the top surface 1710 of the slide, and additional projectiles are stacked serially above the lower-most projectile.

[0072] The slide 1704 is biased toward the opening 202 of the magazine, e.g., upwardly in FIGS. 17 and 17. More specifically, the biasing member 1706 is configured to bias the slide 1704 toward the opening 202. In the example of FIG. 17, the biasing member 1706 is embodied as a constant force spring. By using a constant force spring as the biasing member 1706, the slide 1704 experiences a constant force to push the projectiles 106 toward the opening 202. This in contrast to conventional systems that use a compression spring, which may have a higher force when more projectiles are loaded into the magazine and a lower force when fewer projectiles are in the magazine.

[0073] In the illustrated examples, the constant force spring includes a distal end 1712 configured to be fixed to the magazine housing 1702. For instance, the distal end 1712 is illustrated as including a hook, which may be placed over a wall of the housing 1702, over a tab integrated into the housing 1702, or the like. Many alternative arrangements are contemplated that fix the distal end 1712 to the housing 1702. The constant force spring also includes a spooled end 1714 including a hub 1716 about which the spring is coiled (and unfurled). In the illustrated example, the hub 1716 is configured to cooperate with (e.g., be retained in) a slot 1718 in the slide 1704. With this arrangement, the spring causes the hub 1716 to apply a force to move the slide 1704, via the interaction at the slot 1718, that biases the slide 1704 toward the opening 202.

[0074] Moreover, the constant force spring may allow for different orientations of the magazine. Specifically, although the slide 1704 is illustrated as moving substantially linearlywithin the housing 1702, in alternative arrangements the slide may be configured to move along an arcuate or more circuitous path, as the constant force spring may be bent or otherwise configured, e.g., between the distal end 1712 and the spooled end 1714, while still applying a constant force.

[0075] Other modifications to the systems and apparatus described herein also are contemplated. For example, and without limitation, although the transmission 206 is described as causing the wheels 208, 210 to rotate at a same velocity, in other examples the transmission may cause the wheels 208, 210 (and / or any additional wheels) to rotate at a different speed. Rotating the wheels at different speeds may result in varied trajectories of the projectile 106. For instance, with the wheels 208, 210 arranged in a vertical orientation as in the Figures, spinning the first wheel 208 at a higher speed may impart an upward trajectory on the projectile 106.

[0076] The subject matter described above is provided by way of illustration only and should not be construed as limiting. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any or all disadvantages noted in any part of this disclosure. Various modifications and changes may be made to the subject matter described herein without following the examples and applications illustrated and described, and without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is set forth in the following claims.

Claims

We claim:

1. A projectile launcher comprising: a motor; a first wheel configured to rotate about a first wheel axis, the first wheel comprising a hub and an outer member coupled to the hub and defining a first contact surface; a second wheel spaced from the first wheel and configured to rotate about a second wheel axis parallel to the first wheel axis, the second wheel defining a second contact surface spaced from the first contact surface to define a launch channel; a transmission configured to transmit rotational motion of the motor to the first wheel and to the second wheel, the transmission configured to cause the first wheel to rotate in a first rotational direction and to cause the second wheel to rotate in a second rotational direction opposite the first rotational direction; and a magazine configured to retain one or more projectiles and to present an individual of the one or more projectiles for insertion into the launch channel.

2. The projectile launcher of claim 1, wherein: the outer member comprises at least one of an elastomer or a rubber3. The projectile launcher of claim 1, wherein: the first contact surface comprises a first arcuate surface; the second contact surface comprises a second arcuate surface; and the first arcuate surface and the second arcuate surface are configured to approximate a shape of an outer surface of the individual of the one or more projectiles.

4. The projectile launcher of claim 1, wherein: the first contact surface is spaced from the second contact surface by a distance smaller than an outer diameter of the individual of the one or more projectiles.

5. The projectile launcher of claim 1, wherein:the transmission is configured to drive the first wheel at a first speed faster than a speed of a shaft of the motor; and the transmission is configured to drive the second wheel at a second speed faster than a speed of the shaft of the motor.

6. The projectile launcher of claim 5, wherein the first speed is substantially the same as the second speed.

7. The projectile launcher of claim 1, wherein the first wheel is above the second wheel.

8. The projectile launcher of claim 1, wherein the magazine comprises: a housing defining an opening through which the individual of the one or more projectiles is fed from the housing to the launch channel; a slide disposed in the housing; and a spring disposed to bias the slide in the housing toward the opening.

9. The projectile launcher of claim 8, wherein the spring is a constant force spring.

10. The projectile launcher of claim 1, wherein: the hub comprises a pair of flanges; the outer member comprises a necked portion, and the pair of flanges spaced to receive the necked portion of the outer member to retain the outer member on the hub.

11. The projectile launcher of claim 1, wherein the outer member is overmolded onto the hub.

12. A system for launching projectiles comprising: a motor;a first wheel configured to rotate about a first wheel axis, the first wheel having a first outer surface disposed on a first hub, the first outer surface having a first material composition different from a material composition of the first hub; a second wheel spaced from the first wheel and configured to rotate about a second wheel axis, the second wheel having a second outer surface disposed on a second hub, the second outer surface having a second material composition different from a material composition of the second hub, the first outer surface of the first wheel and the second outer surface of the second wheel being spaced to contact an outer surface of a projectile passing between the first wheel and the second wheel; and a transmission configured to transmit rotational motion of the motor to the first wheel and to the second wheel, the transmission configured to cause the first wheel to rotate in a first rotational direction and to cause the second wheel to rotate in a second rotational direction opposite the first rotational direction.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein: the first outer surfaces comprises at least one of an elastomer or a rubber; and the second outer surface comprises at least one of an elastomer or a rubber.

14. The system of claim 12, wherein: the first outer surface comprises a first arcuate surface; and the second outer surface comprises a second arcuate surface.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein: the first arcuate surface and the second arcuate surface are configured to approximate a shape of an outer surface of the projectile.

16. The system of claim 12, wherein: the at least one first surface is spaced from the at least one second surface by a distance smaller than an outer diameter of the projectile.

17. The system of claim 12, wherein:the transmission is configured to drive the first wheel at a first speed faster than a speed of a shaft of the motor; and the transmission is configured to drive the second wheel at a second speed faster than a speed of the shaft of the motor.

18. The system of claim 12, wherein the first wheel is disposed above the second wheel.

19. The system of claim 12, further comprising: a magazine configured to retain a plurality of projectiles and the projectile in a position to contact the first outer surface and the second outer surface.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein the magazine comprises: a housing defining an opening through which the individual of the one or more projectiles is fed from the housing to the launch channel; a slide disposed in the housing; and a constant force spring disposed to bias the slide in the housing toward the opening.

Images