Coatings and systems, substrates, units, methods, and use as vehicle coatings
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/134569
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-11-27
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-07
AI Technical Summary
Current coatings for light-emitting vehicle parts, such as grilles and trims, lack sufficient hiding power, weather resistance, and solvent resistance, particularly on transparent or translucent plastic substrates, which are required to meet the unique demands of these components.
A two-component (2K) coating composition comprising a hydroxyl acrylic resin and an isocyanate curing agent, specifically designed for transparent or translucent plastic substrates, providing excellent opaque effect, weather resistance, and solvent resistance, while meeting requirements for light transmissive effect, color effect, and mechanical properties.
The coating composition achieves a balance of high performance, various colors, and light transmittance, effectively addressing the challenges of hiding power, weather resistance, and solvent resistance on transparent or translucent plastic substrates, making it suitable for light-emitting vehicle parts.
Abstract
Description
COATINGS AND SYSTEMS, SUBSTRATES, UNITS, METHODS, AND USE AS VEHICLE COATINGSINVENTION FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of coatings, in particular to two-component (2K) coating compositions, coated substrates, coating systems, units, methods of treating a unit, and uses of the coating compositions or the coating systems as vehicle coatings.BACKGROUND
[0002] Recently, new energy vehicles have developed rapidly. Light-emitting parts such as light-emitting grilles and decorative strips (trims) are increasingly favored by the market, and widely used in new energy vehicles. Light-emitting parts of vehicles not only help to improve the first impression, visual effect, and recognition of the vehicles, but also warn the front and rear vehicles during driving in both day and night. Coatings applied onto the light-emitting parts can not only adjust appearance effects such as color of external visual light sources and light transmittance, but also cooperate with processes to design a plurality of styles, thereby playing an important role. At present, there are few such coatings on the market. With the development of new energy vehicles, such coatings will necessarily have a great market potential.
[0003] Substrates of light-emitting grilles, trims or similar parts are different from the opaque substrates of conventional vehicle parts. They are usually transparent or translucent plastic substrates, so that the coatings are required to have stronger hiding power. Moreover, due to the poor weather or solvent resistance of the transparent or translucent substrates, the coatings are required to have a stronger weather resistance and an appropriate solvent resistance of substrates. In addition, in the coating technology, the coatings for light-emitting parts should meet the customers’ requirements for both the light transmissive effect and the colors. Moreover, they should also ensure various requirements for coating performances because these substrates are different from conventional substrates. In addition, to meet the requirements of different appearance styles, a laser etching is commonly used when applying such coatings.
[0004] Therefore, in order to meet the market demand and the business growth, there is a need to develop high-performance coatings which have simultaneously good performances, various colors, and light transmittance and are suitable for transparent or translucent plastic substrates, coating systems, units coated with such coatings or coating systems, and methods of treating a unit.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] The inventor has done a lot of research and developed a transmissive coating composition suitable for transparent or translucent plastic substrates which has an excellent opaque effect, weather resistance, and solvent resistance; and a coating system suitable for transparent or translucent plastic substrates which meets the requirements of light transmissive effect, color effect, and mechanical properties, and thus can be advantageously used to coat light-emitting parts.
[0006] The present disclosure provides a two-component (2K) coating composition comprising a first component and a second component, wherein the first component comprises a hydroxyl acrylic resin and an organic solvent, and the second component comprises an isocyanate curing agent, wherein the hydroxyl acrylic resin has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 10,000 to 30,000, and the hydroxyl acrylic resin comprises an acrylic resin with low hydroxyl value and an acrylic resin with medium hydroxyl value, wherein the acrylic resin with low hydroxyl value has a hydroxyl value of less than 30 mg KOH / g, and the acrylic resin with medium hydroxyl value has a hydroxyl value of 30-70 mg KOH / g.
[0007] The present disclosure further provides a coated substrate comprising a substrate and the 2K coating composition applied on at least a part of the substrate.
[0008] The present disclosure further provides a coating system comprising a first coating composition and a second coating composition, wherein the first coating composition and / or the second coating composition comprise a 2K coating composition comprising a first component and a second component, wherein the first component comprises a hydroxyl acrylic resin and an organic solvent, the second component comprises an isocyanate curing agent, wherein the hydroxyl acrylic resin has an Mn of 10,000 to 30,000, and the hydroxyl acrylic resin comprises an acrylic resin with low hydroxyl value and an acrylic resin with medium hydroxyl value, wherein the acrylic resin with low hydroxyl value has a hydroxyl value of less than 30 mg KOH / g, and the acrylic resin with medium hydroxyl value has a hydroxyl value of 30-70 mg KOH / g.
[0009] The present disclosure also provides a unit comprising an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein the inner surface is at least partially coated with: a first layer which is formed on at least a part of the inner surface of the unit and at least partially comprises a layer of transparent primer; a second layer which is formed on at least a part of the first layer and at least partially comprises a layer of opaque basecoat; and a third layer which is formed on at least a part of the second layer and at least partially comprises a layer of translucent topcoat, and the outer surface is at least partially coated with a transparent topcoat.
[0010] The present disclosure also provides a method of treating a unit comprising an inner surface and an outer surface, the method comprising: forming sequentially a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer on at least a part of the inner surface of the unit, wherein the first layer is formed on at least a part of the inner surface of the unit and comprises at least partially a layer of transparent primer, the second layer is formed on at least a part of the first layer and comprises at least partially a layer of opaque basecoat, and the third layer is formed on at least a part of the second layer and comprises at least partially a layer of translucent topcoat; and coating at least a part of the outer surface of the unit with a transparent topcoat.
[0011] The present disclosure also provides a unit comprising an outer surface, wherein the outer surface is at least partially coated with: a first layer which is formed on at least a part of the outer surface of the unit and at least partially comprises an opaque base layer; a second layer which is formed on at least a part of the first layer and at least partially comprises a translucent basecoat layer; and a third layer which is formed on at least a part of the second layer and at least partially comprises a first clearcoat layer.
[0012] The present disclosure further provides a method of treating a unit comprising at least an outer surface, the method comprising: forming sequentially a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer on at least a part of the outer surface of the unit, wherein the first layer is formed on at least a part of the outer surface of the unit and at least partially comprises an opaque base layer, the second layer is formed on at least a part of the first layer and at least partially comprises a translucent basecoat layer, and the third layer is formed on at least a part of the second layer and at least partially comprises a first clearcoat layer.
[0013] The present disclosure further provides a unit comprising an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein the outer surface is at least partially coated with: a first layer which is formed on at least a part of the outer surface and at least partially comprises a transparent primer layer; a second layer which is formed on at least a part of the first layer and at least partially comprises a translucent basecoat layer; and a third layer which is formed on at least a part of the second layer and at least partially comprises a first clearcoat layer, and the inner surface is at least partially coated with: a fourth layer which at least partially comprises an opaque base layer.
[0014] The present disclosure still further provides a method of treating a unit comprising an inner surface and an outer surface, the method comprising: forming sequentially a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer on at least a part of the outer layer, wherein the first layer is formed on at least a part of the outer surface and at least partially comprises a first transparent primer layer, the second layer is formed on at least a part of the first layer and at least partially comprises a translucent basecoat layer, and the third layer is formed on at least a part of the second layer and at least partially comprises a first clearcoat layer; and forming a fourth layer on at least a part of the inner surface, wherein the fourth layer at least partially comprises an opaque base layer.
[0015] The present disclosure also provides use of any one of the 2K coating compositions or the coating systems according to the present disclosure as a vehicle coating.
[0016] The features and advantage of the present disclosure are presented in particular from the following detailed description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0017] FIGs. 1 (a) - (b) show a schematic structural view of a unit having an inner surface and an outer surface according to an embodiment of the disclosure, wherein: (a) the inner surface is sequentially coated with a transparent primer layer, an opaque basecoat layer, and a translucent topcoat layer, wherein the opaque basecoat layer has a light-transmitting region, (b) in addition to the layers in (a) , an additional basecoat different from the opaque basecoat layer is disposed between the transparent primer layer and the opaque basecoat layer;
[0018] FIGs. 2 (a) - (d) show a schematic structural view of a unit having at least an outer surface according to another embodiment of the disclosure, wherein the outer surface is sequentially coated with an opaque base layer, a translucent basecoat layer, an optional clearcoat layer, and an outermost clearcoat layer, wherein the opaque base layer and / or the basecoat layer have a light-transmitting region, wherein: (a) the opaque base layer comprises an opaque primer layer, a transparent primer layer is disposed between the translucent basecoat layer and the outermost clearcoat layer or between the optional clearcoat layer and the outermost clearcoat layer, the light-transmitting region is located in the opaque primer layer, the translucent clearcoat layer, and the optional clearcoat layer and is covered by the transparent primer layer, (b) the opaque base layer comprises a transparent primer layer and an opaque basecoat layer formed on the transparent primer layer, and the light-transmitting region is located in the opaque basecoat layer, the translucent basecoat layer, and the optional clearcoat layer, (c) the opaque base layer comprises an opaque primer layer and a transparent primer layer formed on the opaque primer layer, and the light-transmitting region is located in the opaque primer layer, (d) the opaque base layer comprises a transparent primer layer and an opaque basecoat layer formed on the transparent primer layer, and the light-transmitting region is located in the opaque basecoat layer;
[0019] FIGs. 3 (a) - (b) show a schematic structural view of a unit having an inner surface and an outer surface according to another embodiment of the disclosure, wherein the outer surface is sequentially coated with a transparent primer layer, a translucent basecoat layer, and a clearcoat layer, and the inner surface is coated with an opaque base layer having a light-transmitting region, wherein: (a) the opaque base layer comprises a transparent primer layer and the opaque basecoat layer formed on the transparent primer layer, and the light-transmitting region is located in the opaque basecoat layer; (b) the opaque base layer comprises an opaque primer layer and a transparent primer layer formed on the opaque primer layer, and the light-transmitting region is located in the opaque primer layer; and
[0020] FIGs. 4 (a) - (d) show the effects of the units according to various embodiments of the disclosure, wherein: (a) and (b) show the effects of a fully transparent light-transmitting region, and (c) and (d) show the effects of a translucent light-transmitting region.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0021] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly indicated, the use of a singular comprises a plural and the use of a plural comprises a singular. For example, even though “a” resin is mentioned herein, one or more resins can be used.
[0022] In the present application, the terms “comprise (comprising, comprised) ” , “contain (containing, contained) ” , “include (including, included) ” , etc. are not intended to limit the present invention to exclude any variation or addition. Moreover, even though the present invention has utilized “comprise (comprising, comprised) ” or similar terms to describe the coating composition, the preparation method, etc., the coating composition, the preparation method, and the like as detailed herein can also be described as “consisting essentially of” or “consisting of” . In this case, “consisting essentially of” means that any additional ingredient would not affect substantively the properties of the coating layer formed by the coating composition.
[0023] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly indicated, the use of “or” represents “and / or” , even if “and / or” can be clearly used in some cases. In addition, any numerical range listed herein is intended to encompass all the subranges included thereof. For example, a range of “1 to 10” is intended to encompass all the subranges between the listed minimum value of 1 and the listed maximum value of 10 (inclusive) , that is, all the subranges having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.
[0024] Unless described in the examples or otherwise clearly stated, it should be understood that all the numerical values representing the quantities of ingredients or the like as used in the description and claims can vary in all cases according to the term “about” . Therefore, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters listed in the following description and claims are approximations and can vary according to the desired properties of the present invention. At least, not to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalence to the scope of claims, each numerical parameter should at least be interpreted according to significant figures and ordinary rounding should be applied.
[0025] Although the numerical ranges and parameters representing the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical records listed in the specific examples are as accurate as possible. However, any numerical value inherently has a certain error, which is an inevitable result of the standard deviation obtained in its corresponding measurement method.Coating Composition
[0026] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a 2K coating composition comprising a first component and a second component, wherein the first component comprises a hydroxyl acrylic resin and an organic solvent, and the second component comprises an isocyanate curing agent.
[0027] As used herein, the term “two-component (2K) coating” , also known as two-package coating or two-pot coating, refers to a coating material comprising two components in which the two component are separately packaged and mixed at an accurate ratio immediately before use to form a film by curing.
[0028] The coating composition according to the present disclosure is a solvent-borne coating composition. By “solvent-borne” is meant that an organic solvent is used as the main dispersing medium in the coating material. As used herein, the organic solvent may comprise at least about 50 wt%of the total weight of the dispersing medium.
[0029] The coating composition according to the present disclosure may be a thermoset coating composition. That is, after curing, the coating composition forms irreversibly a coating film that cannot be molten by re-heating and is insoluble (e.g., with a solubility of less than 0.1 g / mL water, or even less than 0.01 g / mL water) at room temperature in a solvent. As used herein, the term “curing” means that at least some ingredients in the coating composition are polymerized and / or crosslinked, or dried to form a hardened coating film. The coating composition according to the present disclosure can be cured by heating.
[0030] The coating composition according to the present disclosure is a low-temperature curable system. Suitably, the coating composition according to the present disclosure may be curable at a temperature of about 60-100℃ within about 30-60 min. The term “curable” means that the formed film layer has an MEK double wiping value of at least about 50, suitably even at least about 70, after baking at about 60-100℃ for about 30-60 min.
[0031] The coating composition according to the present disclosure may be used as a primer, a basecoat, and / or a topcoat. As used herein, the term “primer” refers to a coating which may be directly applied onto a treated / untreated substrate (or in some cases, onto another coating such as a clearcoat) and be further coated with a coating such as a basecoat or a clearcoat to provide protection and improve the adhesion between the substrate (or in some cases, the other coating such as a clearcoat) and the coating applied on the substrate. As used herein, the term “basecoat” , also known as color coat, refers to a coating applied on the primer or another basecoat, which commonly comprises a pigment to provide color and / or effect, and / or to adjust the light transmittance. As used herein, the term “topcoat” refers to a coating applied on the basecoat, which can be an outermost layer on the substrate, and can also comprise a pigment to provide different color and / or light transmittance.
[0032] The coating composition according to the present disclosure may be formed to a transparent coating, a translucent (semi-transparent) coating, and / or an opaque (shading) coating. The term “transparent” means that the surface on the opposite side of the coating is clearly visible to naked eyes when viewed through the coating. Suitably, the transparent coating may have a light transmittance of at least about 90%. The term “opaque (shading) ” means that the surface on the opposite side of the coating is invisible to naked eye when viewed through the coating. Suitably, the opaque / shading coating may have a light transmittance of less than about 2%in the visible range. The term “translucent” means a state between transparent and opaque / shading. Suitably, the translucent coating may have a light transmittance of at least about 2%and less than about 90%. The light transmittance may be measured by a BYK cloud meter.
[0033] The coating composition according to the present disclosure may have a solid content of about 20-50 wt%, suitably, about 30-40 wt%based on the total weight of the coating composition. As used herein, the term “solid content” refers to a percent of the residual mass of a coating composition after curing based on the mass of the coating composition before curing.
[0034] The coating composition according to the present disclosure may be formed into a micron-sized coating, i.e., a coating having a dry film thickness in an order of micrometers. Suitably, the coating layer formed from the coating composition according to the present disclosure may have a dry film thickness of about 10-40 μm.
[0035] The hydroxyl acrylic resin contained in the first component refers to an acrylic resin containing hydroxyl functional groups. As used herein, the acrylic resin refers to a homopolymer of acrylates or methacrylates, and / or a copolymer of acrylates or methacrylates with other monomer (s) .
[0036] Suitably, the hydroxyl acrylic resin may have an Mn of at least about 10,000 Dalton, e.g., about 10,000 Dalton to about 30,000 Dalton, such as, about 20,000 Dalton to about 30,000 Dalton. The Mn may be measured by gel permeation chromatography using an appropriate standard such as polystyrene standard. Suitably, the hydroxyl acrylic resin may have an acid value of not greater than about 15 mg KOH / g, such as, not greater than about 10 mg KOH / g, e.g., not greater than about 8 mg KOH / g, e.g., not greater than about 2 mg KOH / g. As used herein, the term “acid value” refers to milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free acid in one gram of resin.
[0037] Suitably, the hydroxyl acrylic resin according to the present disclosure may comprise an acrylic resin with low hydroxyl value and an acrylic resin with medium hydroxyl value. The acrylic resin with low hydroxyl value according to the present disclosure may have a hydroxyl value of equal to or less than about 30 mg KOH / g, suitably equal to or less than about 25 mg KOH / g, such as, about 10-25 mg KOH / g. The acrylic resin with medium hydroxyl value according to the present disclosure may have a hydroxyl value of about 30-70 mg KOH / g, suitably about 30-60 mg KOH / g, such as, about 35-50 mg KOH / g. Suitably, the weight ratio of the acrylic resin with low hydroxyl value to the acrylic resin with medium hydroxyl value may be about 1.5: 1 to about 3: 1.
[0038] Suitably, the hydroxyl acrylic resin may have a glass transmission temperature (Tg) of not greater than about 80℃, such as, about 10-60℃. The Tg can be measured by dynamic thermomechincal analysis (DMA) using a TA Instruments Q800 instrument with measurement parameters of: a frequence of 10 Hz, an amplitude of 5 mm, a temperature ramp of -100℃ to 250℃; and the Tg is determined as a peak of tanδ curve in accordance with ASTM D7028-07 (2015) .
[0039] Typically, the hydroxyl acrylic resin may be added in a form of solution into the coating composition, wherein the solution can have a solid content of about 45-65 wt%. As used herein, the term “solid content” refers to a percent of the residual mass of the solution after evaporation based on the mass of the original solution.
[0040] Suitably, the hydroxyl acrylic resin may comprise at least about 4 wt%, suitably at least about 7 wt%, suitably at least about 10 wt%, and / or at most about 40 wt%, such as, at most about 30 wt%, suitably at most about 25 wt%, based on the total weight of the first component. For example, based on the total weight of the first component, the hydroxyl acrylic resin may comprise about 4-40 wt%, suitably 7-30 wt%, such as, 10-25 wt%, or within a range of any other combinations of these end values.
[0041] Suitably, the first component may comprise an organic solvent as the main dispersing medium. For example, the organic solvent may comprise or be one or more selected from the group consisting of an ester solvent, a ketone solvent, an alkane solvent, an alcohol solvent, and any combination thereof. As used herein, the ester solvent may comprise or be one or more selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl propionate, ethylene glycol butyl ether acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, and any combination thereof; the ketone solvent may comprise or be one or more selected from the group consisting of methyl isobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, diisobutyl ketone, and methyl n-pentyl ketone; the alkane solvent may comprise or be one or more selected from the group consisting of cyclohexane, n-hexane, n-heptane, Solvent Oil 100, Solvents S100-140, and any combination thereof; and the alcohol solvent may comprise or be one or more selected from the group consisting of isopropanol, n-propanol, iso-butanol, n-butanol, and any combination thereof.
[0042] Suitably, the organic solvent according to the present disclosure may comprise about 15-40 wt%of an ester solvent, about 3-10 wt%of a ketone solvent, about 3-10 wt%of an alkane solvent, and about 0.5-5 wt%of an alcohol solvent, based on the total weight of the first component.
[0043] The first component may further comprise a non-hydroxyl acrylic resin. The non-hydroxyl acrylic resin is free of hydroxyl group. The non-hydroxyl acrylic resin may comprise a carbamate linking group.
[0044] Suitably, the non-hydroxyl acrylic resin may have an Mn of at least about 40,000, e.g., about 40,000-50,000. The Mn may be measured by gel permeation using an appropriate standard such as polystyrene standard. Suitably, the non-hydroxyl acrylic resin may have a Tg of not greater than about 120℃, such as, about 50-100℃. The Tg may be measured by dynamic thermodynamic analysis (DMA) using TA Instruments Q800 instrument with measurement parameters of: a frequency of 10 Hz, an amplitude of 5 mm, a temperature ramp of -100℃ to 250℃; and the Tg is determined as a peak of tanδ curve in accordance with ASTM D7028.
[0045] Typically, the non-hydroxyl acrylic resin may be added in a form of solution into the coating composition. The solution may have a solid content of about 25-30 wt%. As used herein, the term “solid content” refers to a percent of the residual mass of the solution after evaporation based on the mass of the original solution.
[0046] Suitably, the non-hydroxyl acrylic resin may comprise at least about 0 wt%, suitably at least about 2 wt%, based on the total weight of the first component. Additionally, the non-hydroxyl acrylic resin may comprise at most about 10 wt%, such as, at most about 6 wt%, based on the total weight of the first component. For example, based on the total weight of the first component, the non-hydroxyl acrylic resin may comprise about 0-10 wt%, suitably about 2-6 wt%, or within a range of any other combinations of these end values.
[0047] In the coating composition according to the present disclosure, the weight ratio of the hydroxyl acrylic resin to the non-hydroxyl acrylic resin may be about 10: 1 to about 1.5: 1. By using the hydroxyl acrylic resin and the non-hydroxyl acrylic resin at the specific ratio, the adhesion of the coating layers formed from the coating composition is improved, and the fast-dry property of the coating layers is further enhanced, thereby avoiding the occurrence of interference between the coating layers, such as, avoiding the occurrence of lifting and performance degradation.
[0048] The first component may further comprise a pigment. The pigment may impart color and / or effect to the coating composition, and adjust the brightness and light transmittance of the coating layer formed from the coating composition. Suitable pigment for use in the present disclosure may comprise carbon black, titanium white, red pigment, blue pigment, yellow pigment, pearl powder and / or aluminum powder, etc.
[0049] Typically, the pigment may be added as color paste into the coating composition. For example, the pigment may comprise or be a color paste comprising carbon black. For example, the pigment may be a color paste comprising carbon black and titanium white.
[0050] Suitably, the pigment may be present in the coating composition at about 0-30 wt%, based on the total weight of the first component.
[0051] The first component may further comprise a light-uniformizing aid, which may adjust the divergence of light emitted through the coating. Suitably, the light-uniformizing aid may be those commercially avaiable in the market. Suitably, the light-uniformizing aid may be present in the coating composition at about 0-5 wt%, based on the total weight of the first component.
[0052] The isocyanate curing agent contained in the second component may comprise monoisocyanate, diisocyanate, and / or polyisocyanate. The term “polyisocyanate” refers to a compound comprising three or more isocyanate (-NCO) groups. The isocyanate contained in the second component of the coating composition according to the present disclosure may comprise an aliphatic isocyanate and / or an alicyclic isocyanate.
[0053] The isocyanate may be made from monomers of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) , isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) , and / or dicyclohexylmethane-4, 4'-diisocyanate (HMDI) . Suitably, the isocyanate curing agent may comprise an HDI-type isocyanate, i.e., an isocyanate made from monomers containing HDI. Typically, the second component may comprise about 10-20 wt%of an isocyanate curing agent, based on the total weight of the second component.
[0054] The second component may further comprise a diluent. The diluent may comprise, but is not limited to butyl acetate, Solvent Oil 100, xylene, PMA, or the like.
[0055] The coating composition according to the present disclosure may further comprise one or more additional aids, which comprise, but are not limited to: a substrate wetting agent which may improve the surface tension and permeability of the coating composition to wet the substrate better, thereby improving the adhesion of the coating; a defoaming agent which may inhibit the formation of foam in the coating composition; a dispersing agent which may promote the compatibility of ingredients in the coating composition; a levelling agent which may promote the levelling of wet film formed by the coating; a UV-absorbing agent which may absorb UV light to improve the anti-aging property of the coating; an adhesion promoter which may improve the adhesion between the coating film and the substrate or the adhesion between the coating films; and the like. If one or more aids are present, each aid is present in an amount of at most about 2 wt%based on the total weight of the coating composition. Suitably, the additional aids may be present in the first component and / or the second component.
[0056] In the 2K coating composition of the present disclosure, a weight ratio of the first component to the second component may be about 10: 1 to about 5: 1.
[0057] The coating composition according to the present disclosure may be prepared by: (1) preparing a first component mixture of the coating composition; (2) preparing a second component mixture of the coating composition; and (3) mixing the first component mixture with the second component mixture.
[0058] In particular, the step (1) may be performed by mixing a hydroxyl acrylic resin, an optional non-hydroxyl acrylic resin, a solvent, optional aid (s) , and an optional pigment at a rotation speed of about 500-1200 rpm at a temperature of about 10-35℃; and then stirring the mixture for about 30-40 min.Coated Substrate
[0059] The coating composition according to the present disclosure may be used to coat a substrate. The coated substrate may comprise a substrate and the 2K coating composition applied on at least a part of the substrate. The substrate may comprise or be a plastic substrate, such as, polycarbonate (PC) , poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) , and / or polypropylene (PP) . The substrate may be transparent or translucent. As used herein, the term “transparent or translucent substrate” refers to a substrate which permits a certain proportion of visible light passing therethrough, and has a light transmittance of at least about 2%. Suitably, the substrate may be a part of vehicle, such as, light-emitting grille, bumper, trim, rearview mirror, and / or cover panel.
[0060] Suitably, the substrate may be treated or untreated. The substrate may or may not be pre-coated with a coating composition.
[0061] The 2K coating composition according to the present disclosure may be applied by any means known in the art, e.g., electrocoating, spraying, electrostatic spraying, dipping, rolling, brushing, etc., and then cured to form a coating layer. Suitably, the 2K coating composition according to the present disclosure may be baked at a temperature of about 60-100℃ for about 30-60 min for curing to form a dry film. The 2K coating composition according to the present disclosure may form a coating layer with a dry film thickness of about 10-40 μm. The “dry film thickness” is a thickness of the fully cured coating layer of the coating composition.Coating System
[0062] The present disclosure further relates to a coating system comprising a first coating composition and a second coating composition, wherein the first coating composition and / or the second coating composition are any one of the 2K coating compositions according to the present disclosure. In the sense of the present disclosure, a coating system may also be referred to as a coating kit.
[0063] Suitably, the coating layer formed from the first coating composition may have a light transmittance of at least about 90%. Suitably, the first coating composition may be substantially free of pigment. Here, by “substantially free of” is meant that the content of the pigment in the coating composition is less than about 1000 ppm based on the total weight of the coating composition. Suitably, the coating layer formed from the first coating composition may have a dry film thickness of about 10-25 μm.
[0064] Suitably, the coating layer formed from the second coating composition may have a light transmittance of less than about 2%. Suitably, the second coating composition may comprise a pigment, such as, carbon black pigment, so that the second coating composition may form a coating with dark color. The dark color may be black or dark grey. As used herein, by “dark color” is meant that the brightness value of the coating (e.g., the L value at 45-degree angle) is less than about 60, based on the L*a*b color system specified in JIS Z 8729. Suitably, the coating layer formed from the second coating composition may have an L value at 45-degree angle of not greater than about 30. Suitably, the coating layer formed from the second coating composition may have a dry film thickness of about 20-35 μm. As used herein, the light transmittance or L value of the coating layer may be measured after applying and curing the coating composition on a PC substrate.
[0065] The coating system according to the present disclosure may further comprise a third coating composition. Suitably, a coating layer formed from the third coating composition may have a light transmittance of less than about 80%. For example, the coating layer formed from the third coating composition may have a light transmittance of about 10-20%. Alternatively, for example, the coating layer formed from the third coating composition may have a light transmittance of about 30-50%. Suitably, the third coating composition may comprise a pigment to impart a desirable color to the coating. Suitably, the coating layer formed from the third coating composition may have a dry film thickness of about 20-35 μm.
[0066] Suitably, the third coating composition may comprise or be any one of the 2K coating compositions according to the present disclosure.
[0067] In the coating system according to the present disclosure, the first coating composition may be a primer, the second coating composition may be a basecoat, and the third coating composition may be a topcoat. Suitably, the first coating composition, the second coating composition, and the third coating composition (if present) may be cured simultaneously. As used herein, by “cured simultaneously” is meant that there is no curing step between the applications of any two coating compositions, while the first coating composition, the second coating composition, and the third coating composition (if present) are cured in a single step.
[0068] The coating system according to the present disclosure may be used to coat a transparent or translucent plastic substrate, such as, PC, PMMA, and / or PP substrates. Suitably, the substrate may be a part of vehicle, e.g., light-emitting grille, bumper, trim, rearview mirror, and / or cover panel. The coating system may meet the requirements of light transmittance effect, color effect and mechanical properties required by the transparent or translucent substrate.Units
[0069] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a unit comprising an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein the inner surface is at least partially coated with: a first layer which is formed on at least a part of the inner surface of the unit and at least partially comprises a layer of transparent primer; a second layer which is formed on at least a part of the first layer and at least partially comprises a layer of opaque basecoat; and a third layer which is formed on at least a part of the second layer and at least partially comprises a layer of translucent topcoat, and the outer surface is at least partially coated with a transparent topcoat. In the sense of the present disclosure, the unit may also be referred to as an article or a part thereof.
[0070] The inner surface of the unit may further comprise a light-transmitting region. The light-transmitting region may be formed, e.g., in at least a part of the second layer and / or the fourth layer, and covered by the transparent primer and the translucent topcoat. The light-transmitting region may be formed by laser etching.
[0071] For example, as shown in FIG. 1 (a) , the unit according to the present disclosure may have an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein the inner surface is sequentially coated with the transparent primer layer, the opaque basecoat layer, and the translucent topcoat layer, and the light-transmitting legion is formed on the opaque basecoat layer and covered by the transparent primer layer and the translucent topcoat layer.
[0072] Alternatively, for example, as shown in FIG. 1 (b) , the unit may further comprise: a fourth layer formed between the first layer and the second layer, wherein the fourth layer at least partially comprises an additional basecoat layer other than the opaque basecoat layer, and the light-transmitting legion is formed on the opaque basecoat layer and the additional basecoat layer, and covered by the transparent primer layer and the translucent basecoat layer. In some examples, the additional basecoat layer may be any suitable basecoat layer which is white, red, yellow, blue or has any color different from the opaque basecoat layer.
[0073] As stated above, by “transparent” is meant that the coating layer has a light transmittance of at least about 90%, such as, at least about 92%, about 95%, about 96%, about 98%, about 99%, even about 100%. By “opaque” is meant that the coating layer has a light transmittance of less than about 2%, such as less than about 1.8%, less than about 1.5%, less than about 1.2%, less than about 1.0%, less than about 0.8%, less than about 0.6%, less than about 0.5%, less than about 0.3%, less than about 0.1%, less than about, or even about 0%. By “translucent” is meant that the coating has a light transmittance of at least about 2%and less than about 90%, such as, in a range of about 2-90%, about 5-85%, about 8-80%, about 10-75%, about 12-70%, about 15-68%, about 18-65%, about 20-60%, about 25-60%, or about 30-60%, or within any suitable range between any two of the above endpoints, e.g., in a range of about 2-10%, in a range of about 10-30%, or in a range of about 30-60%.
[0074] Suitably, the coating layer of the opaque basecoat may have an L value at 45-degree angle of less than about 60, such as, an L value at 45-degree angle of not greater than about 30, based on the L*a*b color system specified in JIS Z 8729.
[0075] Suitably, the translucent topcoat layer on the inner surface may have a light transmittance of about 2-10%. Suitably, the translucent topcoat layer on the inner surface may have a light transmittance of about 10-30%. Suitably, the translucent topcoat layer on the inner surface may have a light transmittance of about 30-60%. Alternatively, suitably, the translucent topcoat layer on the inner surface may have a light transmittance within any range in consistent with the above definition of “translucent” .
[0076] Suitably, the transparent primer layer on the inner surface may have a dry film thickness of about 10-25 μm. Suitably, the opaque basecoat layer on the inner surface may have a dry film thickness of about 20-40 μm. Suitably, the translucent topcoat layer on the inner surface may have a dry film thickness of about 20-40 μm. Suitably, the transparent topcoat layer on the outer surface may have a dry film thickness of about 10-20 μm.
[0077] Suitably, the primer and / or the basecoat for coating the unit may comprise or be any one of the 2K coating compositions according to the present disclosure.
[0078] In the unit in accordance with the present disclosure, the inner surface may face a light source so that the light emitted from the light source may pass through the light transmitting region of the inner surface and be finally emitted from the outer surface of the substrate, there achieving fully transparent and / or translucent (semi-transparent) effects. Thus, the unit in accordance with the present disclosure may achieve the desired light emitting and shading effects. At the same time, the unit in accordance with the present disclosure may be formed by superposing the coating layers in a specific combination, so that the unit meets the requirements of laser etching treatment including: no damage in the substrate, no lifting occurred between the coating layers treated by laser etching, and improvement in various mechanical properties of the transparent / translucent substrate.
[0079] The unit according to the present disclosure may comprise a transparent or translucent plastic substrate, such as, PC, PMMA, and / or PP. Suitably, the substrate may be a part of vehicle, such as light-emitting grille, bumper, trim, rearview mirror, and / or cover panel.Methods Of Treat A Unit
[0080] The present disclosure further provides a method of treating a unit. Using the treatment method, the unit in accordance with the present disclosure as described above may be obtained. The method may comprise: forming sequentially a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer on the inner surface of the unit, wherein the first layer is formed on at least a part of the first layer and at least partially comprises a transparent primer layer; the second layer is formed on at least a part of the first layer and at least partially comprises an opaque basecoat layer; and the third layer is formed on at least a part of the second layer and at least partially comprises a translucent topcoat layer; and applying a transparent topcoat layer on at least a part of the outer surface of the unit.
[0081] Additionally or alternatively, the method may further comprise: forming a fourth layer on at least a part of the first layer, and forming the second layer on at least a part of the fourth layer, wherein the fourth layer at least partially comprises an additional basecoat layer other than the opaque basecoat layer.
[0082] Additionally or alternatively, the method may further comprise: treating at least a part of the inner surface by laser etching after forming the second layer, wherein the laser etching may form a light-transmitting region on at least a part of the inner surface of the unit.
[0083] In some examples, the primer and / or basecoat layers for treating a unit may comprise or be formed by any one of the 2K coating compositions according to the present disclosure.
[0084] By the treatment / coating method, the unit may achieve a desirable color effect and light transmittance, as shown in FIGs. 4 (a) - (b) . At the same time, the unit obtained by the treatment / coating method may be improved in various mechanical properties to meet the requirements for use. For example, the so-treated substrate may be a part of vehicle which meets various performance requirements of coatings for OEM.
[0085] In another aspect, the present disclosure further provides a unit comprising at least an outer surface, wherein the outer surface is at least partially coated with: a first layer which is formed on at least a part of the outer surface of the unit and at least partially comprises an opaque base layer; a second layer which is formed on at least a part of the first layer and at least partially comprises a translucent basecoat layer; and a third layer which is formed on at least a part of the second layer and at least partially comprises a first clearcoat layer.
[0086] The outer surface of the unit may comprise a light-transmitting region, which may be formed, e.g., in the first layer and / or the second layer, and may be covered by at least the third layer. The light-transmitting region may be formed by laser etching.
[0087] For example, as shown in FIG. 2 (a) , the outer surface of the unit according to the present disclosure may be sequentially coated with the opaque primer layer, the translucent basecoat layer, the optional clearcoat layer, the transparent primer layer, and the outmost clearcoat layer, and the light-transmitting region is formed on the opaque primer layer, the translucent basecoat layer, and the optional clearcoat layer, and covered by the transparent primer layer. As used herein, the terms “clearcoat” and “transparent topcoat” may be interchangeably used.
[0088] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 2 (b) , the outer surface of the unit according to the present disclosure may be sequentially coated with the transparent primer layer, the opaque basecoat layer, the translucent basecoat layer, the optional clearcoat layer, and the outmost clearcoat layer, and the light-transmitting region is formed on the opaque basecoat layer, the translucent basecoat layer, and the optional clearcoat layer, and covered by the outmost clearcoat layer and the transparent primer layer.
[0089] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 2 (c) , the outer surface of the unit according to the present disclosure may be sequentially coated with the opaque primer layer, the transparent primer layer, the translucent basecoat layer, and the outmost clearcoat layer, and the light-transmitting region is formed on the opaque primer layer, and covered by the transparent primer layer.
[0090] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 2 (d) , the outer surface of the unit according to the present disclosure may be sequentially coated with the opaque base layer composed of the transparent primer layer and the opaque basecoat layer formed on the transparent primer layer, and the light-transmitting region is formed on the opaque basecoat layer, and covered by the transparent basecoat layer and the transparent primer.
[0091] Suitably, in the coatings used on the above unit, the terms “transparent” , “translucent” and “opaque” have the same definitions as defined above.
[0092] Suitably, the primer and / or the basecoat for coating the unit may be the 2K coating composition according to the present disclosure.
[0093] In the unit in accordance with the present disclosure, the inner surface may face a light source so that the light emitted from the light source may pass through the light transmitting region of the outer surface, and be finally emitted from the outer surface of the substrate, thereby achieving fully transparent and / or translucent (semi-transparent) effects. Thus, the unit in accordance with the present disclosure may achieve the desired light emitting and shading effects. At the same time, the unit in accordance with the present disclosure may be formed by superposing the coating layers in the order as specified in the present disclosure, so that the unit meets the requirements of laser etching treatment including, no damage in the substrate, no lifting occurred between the coating layers treated by laser etching, and improvement in various mechanical properties of the transparent / translucent substrate.
[0094] The unit according to the present disclosure may comprise or be made of a transparent or translucent plastic substrate, such as, PC, PMMA, and / or PP. Suitably, the substrate may be a part of vehicle, e.g., light-emitting grille, bumper, trim, rearview mirror, and / or cover panel.
[0095] The present disclosure further provides a method of treating a unit, comprising: forming sequentially a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer on at least a part of the outer surface of the unit, wherein the first layer is formed on at least a part of the outer surface of the unit and at least partially comprises an opaque base layer, the second layer is formed on at least a part of the first layer and at least partially comprises a translucent basecoat layer, and the third layer is formed on at least a part of the second layer and at least partially comprises a first clearcoat layer.
[0096] In some examples of the method, the forming a first layer may comprise: forming an opaque primer layer on at least a part of the outer surface of the unit. Further, the forming a first layer may comprise: (i) forming a first transparent primer layer on at least a part of the outer surface of the unit, followed by forming the opaque primer layer on the first transparent primer layer; or (ii) forming the opaque primer layer on at least a part of the outer surface of the unit, followed by forming a first transparent primer layer on the opaque primer layer.
[0097] Additionally or alternatively, the method may further comprise: forming a second transparent primer layer on at least a part of the second layer, and forming the third layer on at least a part of the second transparent primer layer.
[0098] Additionally or alternatively, the method may optionally further comprise: forming a second clearcoat layer between the second layer and the third layer, or between the second layer and the second transparent primer layer.
[0099] Additionally or alternatively, the method may further comprise: treating at least a part of the first layer and / or the second layer on the outer surface of the unit by laser etching, wherein the laser etching may result in formation of a light-transmitting region on at least a part of the outer surface of the unit.
[0100] In some examples, the primer and / or basecoat layers for treating the unit may be formed by the 2K coating composition of any embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0101] By the treatment / coating method, the unit may achieve a desirable color effect and light transmittance, as shown in FIGs. 4 (a) - (b) . At the same time, the unit obtained by the treatment / coating method can be improved in various mechanical properties to meet the requirements for use. For example, the so-treated substrate may be a part of vehicles which meets various performance requirements of coatings for OEM.
[0102] In another aspect, the present disclosure further provides a unit comprising an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein the outer surface is at least partially coated with: a first layer which is formed on at least a part of the outer surface and at least partially comprises a first transparent primer layer; a second layer which is formed on at least a part of the first layer and at least partially comprises a translucent basecoat layer; a third layer which is formed on at least a part of the second layer and at least partially comprises a first clearcoat layer; and the inner surface is at least partially coated with: a fourth layer at least partially comprising an opaque base layer.
[0103] In some examples, the outer surface of the unit may comprise a light-transmitting region; and the light-transmitting region may be formed, e.g., on the first layer and / or the second layer, and at least covered by the third layer. The light-transmitting region may be formed by laser etching.
[0104] For example, as shown in FIG. 3 (a) , the outer surface of the unit according to the present disclosure may be sequentially coated with the transparent primer layer, the translucent basecoat layer and the clearcoat layer; the inner surface of the unit may be sequentially coated with the transparent primer layer, the opaque basecoat layer and the optional clearcoat layer; and the light-transmitting region may be formed in the opaque basecoat layer and covered by the transparent primer layer and the optional clearcoat layer.
[0105] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 3 (b) , the outer surface of the unit according to the present disclosure may be sequentially coated with the transparent primer layer, the translucent basecoat layer and the clearcoat layer; the inner surface of the unit may be sequentially coated with the opaque primer layer, the transparent primer layer and the optional clearcoat layer; and the light-transmitting region may be formed in the opaque primer layer and covered by the transparent primer layer.
[0106] Suitably, in the coatings used on the above unit, the terms “transparent” , “translucent” and “opaque” have the same definitions as defined above. As used herein, the terms “clearcoat” and “transparent topcoat” may be interchangeably used.
[0107] Suitably, the primer and / or the basecoat for coating the unit may be the 2K coating composition according to the present disclosure.
[0108] In the unit in accordance with the present disclosure, the inner surface may face a light source so that the light emitted from the light source may pass through the light-transmitting region of the inner surface, and is finally emitted from the outer surface of the substrate, thereby achieving fully transparent and / or translucent (semi-transparent) effects. Thus, the unit in accordance with the present disclosure may achieve the desired light emitting and shading effects. At the same time, the unit in accordance with the present disclosure may be formed may be formed by superposing the coating layers in the order as specified in the present disclosure, so that the unit meets the requirements of laser etching treatment including: no damage in the substrate, no lifting occurred between the coating layers treated by laser etching, and improvement of various mechanical properties of the transparent / translucent substrate.
[0109] The unit according to the present disclosure may comprise or be made of a transparent or translucent plastic substrate, such as, PC, PMMA, and / or PP. Suitably, the substrate may be a part of vehicle, e.g., light-emitting grille, bumper, trim, rearview mirror, and / or cover panel.
[0110] The present disclosure further provides a method of treating a unit, comprising: forming sequentially a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer on at least a part of the outer surface of the unit, wherein the first layer is formed on at least a part of the outer surface and at least partially comprises a first transparent primer layer, the second layer is formed on at least a part of the first layer and at least partially comprises a translucent basecoat layer, and the third layer is formed on at least a part of the second layer and at least partially comprises a first clearcoat layer; and forming a fourth layer on at least a part of the inner surface, wherein the fourth layer at least partially comprises an opaque base layer.
[0111] In some examples of the method, forming the opaque base layer of the fourth layer may comprise: forming a second transparent primer layer on at least a part of the inner surface, and forming an opaque basecoat layer on at least a part of the second transparent primer layer. Alternatively, forming the opaque base layer of the fourth layer may comprise, forming an opaque primer layer on at least a part of the inner surface, and forming a third transparent primer layer on at least a part of the opaque primer layer.
[0112] Additionally or alternatively, the method may optionally further comprise: forming a second clearcoat layer on at least a part of the fourth layer, or on at least a part of the third transparent primer layer.
[0113] Additionally or alternatively, the method may further comprise: treating at least a part of the inner surface by laser etching after forming the fourth layer, wherein the laser etching may form a light transmitting region on at least a part of the inner surface, e.g., in at least a part of one or more coating layers formed on the inner surface.
[0114] In some examples, the primer and / or basecoat layers for treating a unit may comprise or be formed by any one of the 2K coating compositions according to the present disclosure.
[0115] By the treatment / coating method, the unit may achieve a desirable color effect and light transmittance, as shown in FIGs. 4 (a) - (b) . At the same time, the unit obtained by the treatment / coating method may be improved in various mechanical properties to meet the requirements for use. For example, the so-treated substrate may be a part of vehicles which meets various performance requirements of coatings for OEM.
[0116] The two-component coating composition according to the disclosure may be suitable for various units and methods of treating a unit as described above. The two-component coating composition according to the disclosure in combination with the various units and the methods of treating a unit can provide a comprehensive effect of color, light transmittance and mechanical properties. Suitably, in the various units and methods of treating a unit, the transparent primer and / or opaque basecoat may be the 2K coating composition according to the present disclosure. Suitably, the translucent topcoat may be the 2K coating composition according to the present disclosure.
[0117] As stated above, by “transparent” is meant that the coating layer has a light transmittance of at least about 90%, such as, at least about 92%, about 95%, about 96%, about 98%, about 99%, even about 100%. By “opaque” coating is meant that the coating layer has a light transmittance of less than about 2%, such as less than about 1.8%, less than about 1.5%, less than about 1.2%, less than about 1.0%, less than about 0.8%, less than about 0.6%, less than about 0.5%, less than about 0.3%, less than about 0.1%, less than about, or even about 0%. By “translucent” is meant that the coating has a light transmittance of at least about 2%and less than about 90%, such as, in a range of about 2-90%, about 5-85%, about 8-80%, about 10-75%, about 12-70%, about 15-68%, about 18-65%, about 20-60%, about 25-60%, or about 30-60%, or within any suitable range between any two of the above endpoints, e.g., in a range of about 2-10%, in a range of about 10-30%, or in a range of about 30-60%.
[0118] Suitably, the opaque basecoat layer may have an L value at 45-degree angle of less than about 60, such as, not greater than about 30, based on the L*a*b color system specified in JIS Z 8729.
[0119] Suitably, the translucent layer may have a light transmittance of about 2-10%. Suitably, the translucent may have a light transmittance of about 10-30%. Suitably, the translucent may have a light transmittance of about 30-60%. Alternatively, suitably, the translucent may have a light transmittance within any range in consistent with the above definition of “translucent” .
[0120] Suitably, the primer layer may have a dry film thickness of about 10-25 μm. Suitably, the basecoat layer may have a dry film thickness of about 20-40 μm. Suitably, the topcoat layer may have a dry film thickness of about 20-40 μm. Alternatively, the primer layer, the basecoat layer, and the topcoat layer may have any suitable film thicknesses in accordance with actual needs.Use
[0121] The disclosure also provides use of the 2K coating composition or coating system for use in a part of vehicle. The part of vehicle may comprise, but be not limited to, light-emitting grille, bumper, trim, rearview mirror, and / or cover panel. The coating composition or coating system may be used as a coating applied on at least a part of one or more of these vehicle components. The coating composition or coating system of the present disclosure may provide coatings suitable for transparent or translucent plastic substrates with excellent properties, different colors and light transmittance when applied to vehicle components. EXAMPLES
[0122] The following examples are provided to further illustrate the present disclosure, but they should not be considered as limiting the present disclosure to the details of the examples. Unless otherwise indicated, all the parts and percentages in the following examples are based on weight.Example 1: Preparation Of The 2K Coating Composition According To The Present Disclosure
[0123] The 2K coating compositions were prepared using the ingredients and amounts listed in Table 1 below. The preparation method comprised: (1) mixing the ingredients listed in Table 1 at 10-35℃ in a stainless container at 500- 1200 rpm provided by a stainless stirrer, followed by stirring the mixture for 30-40 min to prepare the first component mixture of the coating composition; (2) mixing the HDI isocyanate curing agent and the diluent in a separate stainless container to prepare the second component mixture of the coating composition; and (3) mixing the first component mixture with the second component mixture at a weight ratio of 10: 1 to 5: 1. Table 1. The First Component Of The 2K Coating Compositions According To The Present Disclosure a in the form of solution with a solid content of about 55 to 65 wt%;b in the form of solution with a solid content of about 45 to 55 wt%;c in the form of solution with a solid content of about 25 to 30 wt%;d one or more selected from the group consisting of: ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl propionate, ethylene glycol butyl ether acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate;e one or more selected from the group consisting of: methyl isobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, diisobutyl ketone, and methyl n-amyl ketone;f one or more selected from the group consisting of: cyclohexane, n-hexane, n-heptane, Solvent Oil 100, and Solvents S100-140;g one or more selected from the group consisting of: isopropyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isobutanol, and n-butanol;h BYK 300;i TEGO ADDBOND LTW;j TINUVIN 400 or TINUVIN 123;k including carbon black with a solid content of 35 to 55 wt%;l including titanium white with a solid content of 65 to 85 wt%.Test
[0124] The compositions of the transparent primers 1-2, the opaque basecoats 1-2 and the translucent topcoats 1-2 were applied on a PC substrate, respectively, and then baked at 60-100℃ for 30-60 min. Then, the substrates comprising coating layers formed from the coating compositions were tested as follows. 1-Adhesion To The Substrate
[0125] The term “adhesion” refers an adhesive capacity of the coating to the substrate surface and the cohesive capability of the coating itself. As used herein, the adhesion of the coating was measured in accordance with GB / T 9286 standard.
[0126] 6 x 6 scribed lines were made with an NT knife on the sample surface (with 25 squares of 1 mm2, wherein the scribed lines should be deep enough to expose the substrate) . The test surface was maintained as flat as possible (by keeping the cutting edge of the knife sharp) . If the sample was too small to provide sufficient space for gridding, the grids were scribed in a 45-degree direction. A Nichiban adhesive tape (No. 405) , a Scotch adhesive tape (No. 610) or another adhesive tape of the same type (18 mm wide, and the adhesiveness of the tape should be greater than or equal to 5.3 N / 18 mm wide) was adhered to the sample surface, and compressed with an eraser to make the tape fully contact with the test surface. The sample stood for 3 minutes, and then the adhesive tape was quickly peeled out in a 90-degree direction. The test surface was visually examined, and rated by reference to the ISO standard.
[0127] Ratings in accordance with the ISO standard:
[0128] By test, the transparent primers 1-2, the adhesion of the opaque basecoats 1-2, and the translucent topcoats 1-2 to the PC substrate is 5B.Example 2: Preparation Of The Units According To The Present Disclosure
[0129] The transparent primer 1, the opaque basecoat 1 and the translucent topcoat 1 of Example 1 were applied onto a PC substrate in manners shown in FIGs. 1 (a) - (b) , FIGs. 2 (a) - (d) and FIGs. 3 (a) - (b) , respectively, to give the units 1a-1b, 2a-2d and 3a-3d. The method specially comprised: - pre-treating the surface of the PC substrate to clean the substrate; - applying the coatings onto the PC substrate in accordance with the sequences as shown in the drawings, and then curing the respective coating layers; - after the coatings in which a light-transmitting region is to be formed are applied and cured, treating the corresponding coatings by laser etching; and - applying the coatings on the treated surfaces in accordance with the sequence as shown in the drawings, and then curing the coatings.
[0130] Of those, the transparent topcoat or clearcoat is a commercially available transparent UV topcoat which can be used for OEM coatings.
[0131] The units 1a-1b, 2a-2d and 3a-3d were respectively tested as follows.1-Adhesion to the substrate
[0132] The term “adhesion” refers an adhesive capacity of the coating to the substrate surface and the cohesive capability of the coating itself. As used herein, the adhesion of the coating was measured in accordance with GB / T 9286 standard.
[0133] 6 x 6 scribed lines were made with an NT knife on the sample surface (with 25 squares of 1 mm2, wherein the scribed lines should be deep to expose the substrate) . The test surface was maintained as flat as possible (by keeping the cutting edge of the knife sharp) . If the sample was too small to provide sufficient space for gridding, the grids were scribed in a 45-degree direction. A Nichiban adhesive tape (No. 405) , a Scotch adhesive tape (No. 610) or another adhesive tape of the same type (18 mm wide, and the adhesiveness of the tape should be greater than or equal to 5.3 N / 18 mm wide) was adhered to the sample surface, and compressed with an eraser to make the tape fully contact with the test surface. The sample stood for 3 minutes, and then the adhesive tape was quickly peeled out in a 90-degree direction. The test surface was visually examined, and rated by reference to the ISO standard.
[0134] Rating in accordance with the ISO standard: 2-Moisture resistance
[0135] The term “moisture resistance” refers to an ability of the coating to keep a constant performance in a humid environment. As used herein, the moisture resistance of the coating was measured by the steps of: placing the coating at room temperature and 95±5%RH for 240 hours, and then evaluating the adhesion and appearance of the coating. The measurement method and the rating standards of the coating was as stated above. If the coating can meet both of the following requirements, it is deemed to have moisture resistance. · Appearance: The coating layer does not peel off from the substrate, and there is no visual or touch changes such as expansion, softening, stickiness, or brightening. · Substrate adhesion: No damage occurs in the coating under a load of 10N in accordance with the rating standards.3-Aging Resistance
[0136] The term “aging resistance” refers to the ability of the coating to resist adverse effects such as high temperature and keep its original performance in use. As used herein, the aging resistance of the coating was measured by the steps of: placing the coating at 70℃ for about 7 days, followed by evaluating the appearance and the substrate adhesion of the coating.
[0137] If the coating can simultaneously meet the following requirements, it is deemed to have an aging resistance. · Appearance: The coating layer does not peel off from the substrate, and there is no visual or touch changes such as expansion, softening, stickiness, or brightening. · Substrate adhesion: The adhesion achieves at least 4B in accordance with the above rating standards.4 -Humidity-freezing cycle
[0138] The humidity-freezing cycle resistance of the coating was tested in accordance with GMW14797. Specially, the testing method comprised: allowing the unit to undergo 15 cycles of: standing at 38℃ at ambient humidity (e.g., a relative humidity of 30%to 80%) for 20h, followed by standing at -30℃ and ~100%RH for 3h @-30℃, followed by standing at room temperature (e.g., 20~30℃, such as, about 25℃) at ambient humidity for 1h; and then evaluating the appearance and the substrate adhesion of the coating.
[0139] If the coating can simultaneously meet the following requirements, it is deemed to have a humidity-freezing resistance. · Appearance: The coating layer does not peel off from the substrate, and there is no visual or touch changes such as expansion, softening, stickiness, or brightening. · Substrate adhesion: The adhesion achieves at least 4B in accordance with the above rating standards.5-Light transmissive effect
[0140] As shown in FIGs. 1 and 2, the units in accordance with the present disclosure had desired color and light transmissive effect.
[0141] The results of the performance tests are summarized as follows:
[0142] It can be seen from the above that the coating compositions and units of the disclosure have a good comprehensive performance and light transmissive effect.
Claims
1.A two-component (2K) coating composition, comprising a first component and a second component, wherein the first component comprises a hydroxyl acrylic resin and an organic solvent, and the second component comprises an isocyanate curing agent, wherein the hydroxyl acrylic resin has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 10,000-30,000, the hydroxyl acrylic resin comprises an acrylic resin with low hydroxyl value and an acrylic resin with medium hydroxyl value, wherein the acrylic resin with low hydroxyl value has a hydroxyl value of less than 30 mg KOH / g, and the acrylic resin with medium hydroxyl value has a hydroxyl value of 30-70 mg KOH / g.2.The 2K coating composition of claim 1, wherein the first component further comprises a non-hydroxyl acrylic resin.3.The 2K coating composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the 2K coating composition is curable at 60-100℃ within 30-60 min.4.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the 2K coating composition has a solid content of 20-50 wt%.5.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the hydroxyl acrylic resin has an acid number of not greater than 15 mg KOH / g.6.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein a weight ratio of the acrylic resin with low hydroxyl value to the acrylic resin with medium hydroxyl value is 1.5: 1 to 3: 1.7.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 2-6, wherein the non-hydroxyl acrylic resin comprises a carbamate linking group.8.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 2-7, wherein the non-hydroxyl acrylic resin has a number average molecular weight of at least 40,000.9.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 2-8, wherein a weight ratio of the hydroxyl acrylic resin to the non-hydroxyl acrylic resin is 10: 1 to 1.5: 1.10.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the organic solvent comprises an ester solvent, a ketone solvent, an alkane solvent, and / or an alcohol solvent.11.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the organic solvent comprises 15-40 wt%of an ester solvent, 3-10 wt%of a ketone solvent, 3-10 wt%of an alkane solvent, and 0.5-5 wt%of an alcohol solvent, based on a total weight of the first component.12.The 2K coating composition of claim 10 or 11, wherein the ester solvent comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl propionate, ethylene glycol butyl ether acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.13.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 10-12, wherein the ketone solvent comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of methyl isobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, diisobutyl ketone, and methyl n-pentyl ketone.14.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 10-13, wherein the alkane solvent comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of cyclohexane, n-hexane, n-heptane, Solvent Oil 100, and Solvents S100-140.15.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 10-14, wherein the alcohol solvent comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of isopropanol, n-propanol, isobutanol, and n-butanol.16.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1-15, wherein the isocyanate curing agent comprises an HDI-type isocyanate.17.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1-16, further comprising a pigment.18.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1-17, wherein a coating layer formed from the 2K coating composition has a dry film thickness of 10-40 μm.19.A coated substrate comprising a substrate and the 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1-18 applied on at least a part of the substrate.20.The coated substrate of claim 19, wherein the substrate comprises PC, PMMA, and / or PP.21.The coated substrate of claim 19 or 20, wherein the substrate is transparent or translucent.22.The coated substrate of any one of claims 19-21, wherein the substrate is a part of vehicle.23.A coating system, comprising a first coating composition and a second coating composition, wherein the first coating composition and / or the second coating composition comprise a two-component (2K) coating composition comprising a first component and a second component, wherein the first component comprises a hydroxyl acrylic resin and an organic solvent, and the second component comprises an isocyanate curing agent,wherein the hydroxyl acrylic resin has a number average molecular weight of 10,000-30,000, the hydroxyl acrylic resin comprises an acrylic resin with low hydroxyl value and an acrylic resin with medium hydroxyl value, wherein the acrylic resin with low hydroxyl value has a hydroxyl value of less than 30 mg KOH / g, and the acrylic resin with medium hydroxyl value has a hydroxyl value of 30-70 mg KOH / g.24.The coating system of claim 23, wherein a coating layer formed from the first coating composition has a light transmittance of at least 90%.25.The coating system of claim 23 or 24, wherein a coating layer formed from the second coating composition has a light transmittance of less than 2%.26.The coating system of any one of claims 23-25, wherein a coating layer formed from the second coating composition has an L value at 45-degree angle of less than 60.27.The coating system of any one of claims 23-26, wherein the first coating composition and the second coating composition are cured simultaneously.28.The coating system of any one of claims 23-27, further comprising a third coating composition, wherein a coating layer formed from the third coating composition has a light transmittance of less than 80%.29.The coating system of claim 28, wherein the third coating composition is a 2K coating composition comprising a first component and a second component, wherein the first component comprises a hydroxyl acrylic resin and an organic solvent, and the second component comprises an isocyanate curing agent,wherein the hydroxyl acrylic resin has a number average molecular weight of 10,000-30,000, the hydroxyl acrylic resin comprises an acrylic resin with low hydroxyl value and an acrylic resin with medium hydroxyl value, wherein the acrylic resin with low hydroxyl value has a hydroxyl value of less than 30 mg KOH / g, and the acrylic resin with medium hydroxyl value has a hydroxyl value of 30-70 mg KOH / g.30.A unit comprising an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein the inner surface is at least partially coated with:a first layer which is formed on at least a part of the inner surface of the unit and at least partially comprises a layer of transparent primer;a second layer which is formed on at least a part of the first layer and at least partially comprises a layer of opaque basecoat; anda third layer which is formed on at least a part of the second layer and at least partially comprises a layer of translucent topcoat, andthe outer surface is at least partially coated with a transparent topcoat.31.The unit of claim 30, further comprising a fourth layer which is formed between the first layer and the second layer and at least comprises an additional basecoat layer other than the opaque basecoat layer.32.The unit of claim 30 or 31, wherein a light-transmitting region is formed on at least a part of the second layer.33.The unit of claim 32, wherein the light-transmitting region is formed by laser etching.34.The unit of any one of claims 30-33, wherein the third layer has a light transmittance of 0-100%.35.The unit of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the third layer has a light transmittance of 2 to 10%.36.The unit of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the third layer has a light transmittance of 10-30%.37.The unit of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the third layer has a light transmittance of 30-60%.38.The unit of any one of claims 30-37, wherein the first layer has a dry film thickness of 10-25 μm.39.The unit of any one of claims 30-38, wherein the second layer has a dry film thickness of 20-40 μm.40.The unit of any one of claims 30-39, wherein the third layer has a dry film thickness of 20-40 μm.41.The unit of any one of claims 30-40, wherein a layer of the transparent topcoat on the outer surface has a dry film thickness of 10-20 μm.42.The unit of any one of claims 30-41, wherein the unit is made of a transparent or translucent substrate.43.The unit of any one of claims 30-42, wherein the unit comprises a PC, PMMA, and / or PP substrate.44.The unit of any one of claims 30-43, wherein the unit is a part of vehicle, e.g., light-emitting grille, bumper, trim, rearview mirror, and / or cover panel.45.The unit of any one of claims 30-44, wherein the primer layer and / or the basecoat layer are formed from the 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1-18.46.A method of treating a unit comprising an inner surface and an outer surface, comprising:forming sequentially a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer on at least a part of the inner surface of the unit, wherein the first layer is formed on at least a part of the inner surface of the unit and comprises at least partially a layer of transparent primer, the second layer is formed on at least a part of the first layer and comprises at least partially a layer of opaque basecoat, and the third layer is formed on at least a part of the second layer and comprises at least partially a layer of translucent topcoat; andapplying a transparent topcoat on at least a part of the outer surface of the unit.47.The method of claim 46, further comprising: forming a fourth layer on at least a part of the first layer, and forming the second layer on at least a part of the fourth layer, wherein the fourth layer comprises at least partially an additional basecoat layer other than the opaque basecoat layer.48.The method of claim 46 or 47, comprising:after forming the second layer, treating at least a part of the inner surface by laser etching.49.The method of claim 48, wherein a light transmitting region is formed on at least a part of the inner surface of the unit by the laser etching.50.The method of any one of claims 46-49, wherein the primer layer and / or the basecoat layer are formed from the 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1-18.51.A unit comprising an outer surface, wherein the outer surface is at least partially coated with:a first layer which is formed on at least a part of the outer surface of the unit and at least partially comprises an opaque base layer;a second layer which is formed on at least a part of the first layer and at least partially comprises a translucent basecoat layer; anda third layer which is formed on at least a part of the second layer and at least partially comprises a first clearcoat layer.52.The unit of claim 51, wherein the opaque base layer comprises an opaque primer layer.53.The unit of claim 52, wherein the opaque base layer further comprises a first transparent primer layer formed on or under the opaque primer layer.54.The unit of any one of claims 51-53, further comprising a second transparent primer layer formed on at least a part of the second layer, wherein the third layer is formed on at least a part of the second transparent primer layer.55.The unit of any one of claims 51-54, optionally further comprising: a second clearcoat layer formed between the second layer and the third layer or between the second layer and the second transparent primer layer.56.The unit of any one of claims 51-55, wherein a light transmitting region is formed in at least a part of the first layer and / or the second layer.57.The unit of claim 56, wherein the light transmitting region is formed by laser etching.58.The unit of any one of claims 51-57, wherein the unit comprises a transparent or translucent substrate.59.The unit of any one of claims 51-58, wherein the unit comprises a PC, PMMA, and / or PP substrate.60.The unit of any one of claims 51-59, wherein the unit is a part of vehicle, e.g., light-emitting grille, bumper, trim, rearview mirror, and / or cover panel.61.The unit of any one of claims 51-60, wherein the primer layer and / or the basecoat layer are formed from the 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1-18.62.A method of treating a unit comprising at least an outer surface, comprising:forming sequentially a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer on at least a part of the outer surface of the unit, wherein the first layer is formed on at least a part of the outer surface of the unit and at least partially comprises an opaque base layer, the second layer is formed on at least a part of the first layer and at least partially comprises a translucent basecoat layer, and the third layer is formed on at least a part of the second layer and at least partially comprises a first clearcoat layer.63.The method of claim 62, wherein forming the first layer comprises: forming an opaque primer layer on at least a part of the outer surface of the unit.64.The method of claim 62 or 63, wherein forming the first layer comprises:(i) forming a first transparent primer layer on at least a part of the outer surface of the unit, followed by forming the opaque primer layer on the first transparent primer layer; or(ii) forming an opaque primer layer on at least a part of the outer surface of the unit, followed by forming a first transparent primer layer on the opaque primer layer.65.The method of any one of claims 62-64, further comprising: forming a second transparent primer layer on at least a part of the second layer, and forming the third layer on at least a part of the second transparent primer layer.66.The method of any one of claims 62-65, optionally further comprising: forming a second clearcoat layer between the second layer and the third layer or between the second layer and the second transparent primer layer.67.The method of any one of claims 62-66, further comprising treating at least a part of the first layer and / or the second layer on the outer surface of the unit by laser etching.68.The method of claim 67, wherein a light transmitting region is formed on at least a part of the outer surface of the unit by the laser etching.69.The method of any one of claims 62-68, wherein the primer layer and / or the basecoat layer are formed from the 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1-18.70.A unit comprising an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein:the outer surface is at least partially coated with:a first layer which is formed on at least a part of the outer surface and at least partially comprises a transparent primer layer;a second layer which is formed on at least a part of the first layer and at least partially comprises a translucent basecoat layer; anda third layer which is formed on at least a part of the second layer and at least partially comprises a first clearcoat layer, andthe inner surface is at least partially coated with:a fourth layer at least partially comprising an opaque base layer.71.The unit of claim 70, wherein the opaque base layer comprises a second transparent primer layer and an opaque basecoat layer formed on the second transparent primer layer.72.The unit of claim 70, wherein the opaque base layer comprises an opaque primer layer and a third transparent primer layer formed on at least a part of the opaque basecoat layer.73.The unit of any one of claims 70-72, optionally further comprising: a second clearcoat layer formed on at least a part of the fourth layer or formed on at least a part of the third transparent primer layer.74.The unit of any one of claims 70-73, wherein a light transmitting region is formed in at least a part of the fourth layer.75.The unit of claim 74, wherein the light transmitting region is formed by laser etching.76.The unit of any one claims 70-75, wherein the unit comprises a transparent or translucent substrate.77.The unit of any one claims 70-76, wherein the unit comprises a PC, PMMA, and / or PP substrate.78.The unit of any one claims 70-77, wherein the unit is a part of vehicle, e.g., light-emitting grille, bumper, trim, rearview mirror, and / or cover panel.79.The unit of any one claims 70-78, wherein the primer layer and / or the basecoat layer are formed from the 2K coating composition of any one claims 1-18.80.A method of treating a unit comprising an inner surface and an outer surface, comprising:forming sequentially a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer on at least a part of the outer layer, wherein the first layer is formed on at least a part of the outer surface and at least partially comprises a first transparent primer layer, the second layer is formed on at least a part of the first layer and at least partially comprises a translucent basecoat layer, and the third layer is formed on at least a part of the second layer and at least partially comprises a first clearcoat layer, andforming a fourth layer on at least a part of the inner surface, wherein the fourth layer at least partially comprises an opaque base layer.81.The method of claim 80, wherein forming the opaque base layer of the fourth layer comprises: forming a second transparent primer layer, and forming an opaque basecoat layer on at least a part of the second transparent primer layer.82.The method of claim 80, wherein forming the opaque base layer of the fourth layer comprises: forming an opaque primer layer, and forming a third transparent primer layer on at least a part of the opaque primer layer.83.The method of any one of claims 80-82, optionally further comprising forming a second clearcoat layer on at least a part of the fourth layer, or on at least a part of the third transparent primer layer.84.The method of any one of claims 80-83, further comprising: after forming the fourth layer, treating at least a part of the inner surface by laser etching.85.The method of claim 84, wherein a light transmitting region is formed on at least a part of the inner surface by the laser etching.86.The method of any one claims 80-85, wherein the primer layer and / or the basecoat layer are formed from the 2K coating composition of any one claims 1-18.87.Use of the 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1-18 or the coating system of any one of claims 23-29 as a vehicle coating.
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