Biomimetic carbon dioxide capturing and generating apparatus

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a biomimetic carbon dioxide capturing and generating apparatus, the apparatus comprising: a carbon dioxide capturing and converting unit including a multi-layered composite contact membrane provided to absorb carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and convert same into carbonate, and a supply flow path through which a first solution flows, the first solution formed by supplying an aqueous solution and introducing the converted carbonate into the aqueous solution; and an energy generating unit for supplying the first solution supplied from the carbon dioxide capturing and converting unit and a second solution having a concentration different from that of the first solution, wherein the energy generating unit comprises a first electrode and a second electrode arranged to face each other at a predetermined interval and electrically connected, and a plurality of ion exchange membranes arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode to partition at least one first flow path through which the first solution flows and at least one second flow path through which the second solution flows, the supply flow path being fluidly connected to the first flow path.

Description

Biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device

[0001] The present invention relates to a biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device capable of capturing and utilizing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to produce electrical energy through a concentration difference.

[0002] Concentration gradient power generation (or salinity gradient power generation) refers to the conversion of Gibbs free energy generated when two fluids with different concentrations are mixed selectively into electrical energy.

[0003] Reverse electrodialysis (RED), a representative concentration gradient power generation technology, is a power generation device that converts the chemical energy resulting from the concentration difference between high and low concentrations into electrochemical potential energy using ion exchange membranes, and then produces electrical energy through a redox reaction at an electrode. In other words, it is a power generation device in which high-concentration solutions and low-concentration solutions flow through channels respectively divided by multiple arranged ion exchange membranes (cation exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes), and the Donnan potential formed by the selective ion movement through the ion exchange membranes generates electrical energy.

[0004] Conventional concentration gradient power generation technology generally creates a concentration gradient using seawater (salt water) and fresh water, and has the advantage of a higher operating rate compared to renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power.

[0005] In addition to seawater and freshwater, carbon dioxide can be captured as a high-concentration solution to generate electricity using differential concentration power generation. According to prior art, Korean Patent Publication No. 10-1743565, this can be achieved using an absorption tower to capture carbon dioxide and an ion generator that receives the absorbed solution and generates electricity. However, these devices require an absorption tower to capture carbon dioxide, and a separate regeneration process to chemically regenerate the absorbent in the absorption tower consumes significant heat energy.

[0006] Conventional carbon dioxide absorption processes are large in scale and consume excessive energy during the carbon dioxide absorption and absorbent regeneration processes, and their application is limited to chimney industries such as steel and cement. In addition, there has been no report on biomimetic concentration gradient power generation that can be operated simultaneously with the carbon dioxide absorption process.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a carbon dioxide capture and power generation device that directly utilizes carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to produce electric energy through concentration gradient power generation.

[0008] In order to achieve the above purpose, according to one embodiment of the present invention, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is absorbed to form carbonate (HCO3 - or CO3 -2 ) is provided; and an aqueous solution is supplied and converted carbonate (HCO3 - or CO3 -2 ) includes a carbon dioxide capture and conversion unit including a supply channel through which a first solution formed by introducing a first solution into an aqueous solution flows; an energy generation unit to which a first solution supplied from the carbon dioxide capture and conversion unit and a second solution having a different concentration from the first solution are supplied, wherein the energy generation unit includes first and second electrodes which are arranged to face each other at a predetermined interval and are electrically connected; and a plurality of ion exchange membranes arranged between the first and second electrodes to define at least one first channel through which the first solution flows and at least one second channel through which the second solution flows, wherein the supply channel is fluidly connected to the first channel.

[0009] In addition, the above carbonate (HCO3 - or CO3 -2 ) is supplied to the first flow path, and the carbonate in the first solution flowing in the first flow path passes through the ion exchange membrane and moves to the second flow path.

[0010] In addition, the energy generation unit may further include a storage unit configured to store a second discharge solution in which the concentration of carbonate in the second solution increases during the process in which the second solution flows through the second flow path.

[0011] In addition, the multilayer composite contact film may include a porous support; and a coating portion coated on the porous support and including a catalyst, as a multilayer composite contact film having one side in contact with the atmosphere and the other side opposite to the one side in contact with an aqueous solution.

[0012] Additionally, the porous support may include pores in a range in which Knudsen diffusion occurs.

[0013] Additionally, the coating portion may be a structure coated on the surface of the support to block the pores of the porous support.

[0014] Additionally, the coating portion may have a structure that is coated along the pores of the support so as not to block the pores of the porous support.

[0015] Additionally, the catalyst may be a catalyst that promotes the hydration rate of carbon dioxide.

[0016] Additionally, the catalyst may comprise a ligand comprising an open metal site.

[0017] Additionally, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere absorbed through the above-mentioned one side can be hydrated through the multilayer composite contact membrane and pass through the other side to provide carbonate.

[0018] Additionally, the multilayer composite contact film can be provided as a flat module, a spiral module, or a hollow fiber module.

[0019] Additionally, the energy generation unit may be arranged to supply the generated electric energy to a power grid.

[0020] Additionally, the energy generation unit may further include a mineralization device for mineralizing carbonate in the second discharge solution stored in the storage unit.

[0021] Compared to the existing carbon dioxide capture gas absorption tower-linked concentration gradient power generation device, it has higher energy efficiency and power density, and has the advantage of being able to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide without additional devices such as absorption towers.

[0022] In addition, it absorbs carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere, which is the main culprit of global warming, and forms carbonate (HCO3). - or CO3 -2 ) and utilize it as a high-concentration solution, which has the advantage of being able to produce electrical energy using the difference in concentration.

[0023] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figures 2 and 3 are schematic diagrams showing a multilayer composite contact membrane of the carbon dioxide capture and conversion unit of Figure 1.

[0025] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a state of being connected to a power system for utilizing electric energy produced by a biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which a storage unit and a mineralization unit are connected to utilize a second discharge solution containing carbonate produced in a biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Prior to this, it should be noted that the terms and words used in this specification and claims should not be construed as limited to their conventional or dictionary meanings. Based on the principle that the inventor can appropriately define the concept of a term to best explain his or her invention, they should be interpreted in a way that conforms to the technical spirit of the present invention.

[0028] In addition, regardless of the drawing symbol, identical or corresponding components are given identical or similar reference numbers and redundant descriptions thereof are omitted, and for the convenience of explanation, the size and shape of each component depicted may be exaggerated or reduced.

[0029] Accordingly, the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations illustrated in the drawings are merely the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent all of the technical ideas of the present invention. Therefore, it should be understood that there may be various equivalents and modified examples that can replace them at the time of filing this application.

[0030]

[0031] The present invention relates to a biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device capable of producing electric energy by using carbon dioxide in the air through a concentration difference, and absorbing carbon dioxide in the air to produce carbonate (HCO3) - or CO3 -2 ) and can produce electrical energy by concentration difference using a solution containing carbonate as a high-concentration solution.

[0032]

[0033] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are schematic diagrams showing a multilayer composite contact membrane of the carbon dioxide capture and conversion unit of FIG. 1.

[0034] Hereinafter, a biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device (10, hereinafter referred to as a carbon dioxide capture and power generation device) according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.

[0035] First, in this specification, spacers and gaskets, etc., which are generally used in a reverse electrodialysis (RED) device, which is an energy generation unit (200), and are arranged to maintain an internal flow path gap between each ion exchange membrane, are omitted for convenience of explanation.

[0036]

[0037] Referring to FIG. 1, a carbon dioxide capture and power generation device (10) according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a carbon dioxide capture and conversion unit (100) and an energy generation unit (200).

[0038] Specifically, the carbon dioxide capture and conversion unit (100) absorbs carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and converts it into carbonate (HCO3 - or CO3 -2 ) includes a multilayer composite contact film (110) designed to be converted into a )

[0039] The above carbon dioxide capture and conversion unit (100) is supplied with an aqueous solution and converts carbonate (HCO3) through a multilayer composite contact membrane (110). - or CO3 -2 ) includes a supply path (130) through which the first solution formed by introducing the solution flows.

[0040] That is, the above supply path (130) is a carbonate (HCO3) converted through a multilayer composite contact film (110) into the supplied aqueous solution. - or CO3 -2 ) can be introduced to form a first solution.

[0041] The above carbon dioxide capture and conversion unit (100) may additionally include a first supply unit (150) for supplying an aqueous solution to the supply path (130).

[0042] The above first supply unit (150) is fluidly connected to the supply path (130) and can supply the aqueous solution contained therein to the supply path (130).

[0043] The above aqueous solution is an alkali salt (Li + , Na + , K + ) containing aqueous solution, calcium (Ca +2 ), magnesium (Mg +2 ) Aqueous solutions containing ions that can cause hardness, such as ammonium (NH4) + ) may include an aqueous solution with high solubility of carbon dioxide, an organic solution having a chemical functional group such as an amine, an ionic liquid (ILs) capable of capturing carbon dioxide, a cationic surfactant capable of absorbing anionic carbonate, and the like, and may also include at least one selected from among a mixed solution thereof, but is not limited thereto.

[0044] The aqueous solution supplied from the first supply unit (150) to the supply path (130) flows through the supply path (130) and comes into direct contact with the multilayer composite contact membrane (110). At this time, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere passes through the multilayer composite contact membrane (110) and is converted into carbonate, and the converted carbonate flows into the aqueous solution to produce a first solution containing carbonate.

[0045] In addition, the energy generation unit (200) is arranged to face each other at a predetermined interval, and includes a plurality of ion exchange membranes (230, 240) arranged to define at least one first flow path (201) through which a first solution flows and at least one second flow path (202) through which a second solution flows between the first electrode (210) and the second electrode (220) that are electrically connected to each other.

[0046] The above energy generation unit (200) may be arranged to supply a first solution supplied from the carbon dioxide capture and conversion unit (100) and a second solution having a different concentration from the first solution.

[0047] The above first solution is supplied from the carbon dioxide capture and conversion unit (100) to the energy generation unit (200), and the second solution can be supplied from the outside to the energy generation unit (200).

[0048] The above supply flow path (130) can be fluidly connected to each first flow path (201).

[0049] In particular, the supply flow path (130) is not fluidly connected to the second flow path (202).

[0050] Therefore, the first solution generated in the supply flow path (130) can flow to each first flow path (201).

[0051] Specifically, the first electrode (210) may be either a cathode or an anode, and the second electrode (220) may be the other of the cathode and the anode.

[0052] For example, if the first electrode (210) is a cathode, the second electrode may be an anode.

[0053] The above plurality of ion exchange membranes (230, 240) include one or more cation exchange membranes (230) and one or more anion exchange membranes (240).

[0054] The above cation exchange membrane (230) and anion exchange membrane (240) can be alternately arranged between the first and second electrodes (210, 220).

[0055] That is, by alternately arranging a cation exchange membrane (230) and an anion exchange membrane (240) from the first electrode (210) toward the second electrode (220) between the first and second electrodes (210, 220) to define a first flow path (201) and a second flow path (202), the first flow path (201) and the second flow path (202) can be arranged alternately.

[0056] The above energy generation unit (200) may additionally include a second supply unit (310) for supplying a second solution to the second euro (202).

[0057] The above second supply unit (310) is fluidly connected to each second flow path (202) to supply the second solution to the second flow path (202).

[0058] The above first solution is a carbonate (HCO3) in aqueous solution - or CO3 -2 ) may be a relatively high-concentration solution, and the second solution may be a relatively low-concentration solution having a lower concentration than the first solution.

[0059] The above first solution is carbonate (HCO3 - or CO3 -2 ) may be an aqueous solution containing carbonate, and the second solution may be a solution having a concentration difference from the first solution and may include a solution that does not contain carbonate. For example, it may include fresh water, brackish water, pure water, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0060] In the energy generation unit (200), when the first solution containing carbonate supplied from the carbon dioxide capture and conversion unit (100) and the second solution supplied from the second supply unit (310) flow through the first and second flow paths (201, 202), respectively, the cations and anions dissolved in the first solution move to the second flow path (202) through the cation exchange membrane (230) and the anion exchange membrane (240) due to the concentration difference between the first and second solutions, thereby generating a potential difference between the first and second electrodes (210, 220) and producing electrical energy through a redox reaction on the electrodes. That is, cations and anions contained in the first solution selectively pass through multiple ion exchange membranes (230, 240) due to the concentration difference with the second solution, and generate a potential difference between the first and second electrodes (210, 220) to produce electrical energy.

[0061] For example, when using a sodium hydroxide solution, which is an aqueous solution containing an alkaline salt, as an aqueous solution and fresh water as a second solution, the first solution generated in the carbon dioxide capture and conversion unit (100) contains carbonate (HCO3 - or CO3 -2 ), hydrogen ions (H + ), sodium ions (Na + ) and hydroxide ions (OH - ) may be included. Here, the hydrogen ion may be a hydrogen ion contained in water, and the carbonate may be a bicarbonate ion (HCO3), which is a carbonate ion. - ) and carbonate ions (CO3 -2 ) may include one or more of the following.

[0062] Carbonate (HCO3) contained in the first solution flowing through the first euro (201) as described above - or CO3 -2) selectively pass through the anion exchange membrane, and hydrogen ions and sodium ions selectively pass through the cation exchange membrane and move to the second flow path (202), respectively. Accordingly, a potential difference is generated at the first and second electrodes, and electrical energy is produced.

[0063] In particular, using a sodium hydroxide solution as an aqueous solution has the advantage of allowing pH control and obtaining a higher output density by using carbonate and sodium ions, which have a fast ion migration rate through the ion exchange membrane.

[0064] In addition, the energy generation unit (200) may additionally include a first discharge unit (250) for re-supplying the first discharge solution discharged from each first discharge unit (201) to the first supply unit (150) for reuse.

[0065] The first discharge solution discharged from each first flow path (201) by the first discharge flow path (250) can be transferred to the first supply section (150) and re-supplied to the supply flow path (130).

[0066] Here, after the first discharge solution is supplied to the first supply unit (150), an additional aqueous solution may be supplied to the supply path (130).

[0067] In addition, the energy generation unit (200) may additionally include a storage unit (400) for storing a second discharge solution containing carbonate discharged from each second flow path (202).

[0068] The second discharge solution discharged from each second flow path (202) by the second discharge flow path (260) can be transferred to the storage unit (400) to store the second discharge solution.

[0069] In addition, the energy generation unit (200) may additionally include a mineralization device (500) for mineralizing carbonate in the second discharge solution stored in the storage unit (400).

[0070] The second discharge solution containing carbonate stored in the storage unit (400) as described above can be recycled. For example, by additionally connecting a mineralization device (500) for adding calcium or magnesium, etc., carbonate mineralization can be performed, thereby storing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

[0071] In this document, the first discharge solution refers to a first solution in which the concentration of carbonate is reduced during the process in which the first solution containing carbonate flows through the first channel, and the second discharge solution refers to a second solution in which the concentration of carbonate in the second solution is increased during the process in which the second solution flows through the second channel.

[0072] That is, the first discharge solution may be a first solution defined as a state in which the concentration of carbonate is reduced in the process in which the first solution containing carbonate flows through the first flow path, and the second discharge solution may be a second solution defined as a state in which the concentration of carbonate in the second solution is increased in the process in which the second solution flows through the second flow path.

[0073] In addition, the energy generation unit (200) may additionally include an electrode solution supply unit (330) for supplying electrode solution to an electrode solution path (203) provided between the first electrode (210) and the ion exchange membrane (230) positioned most adjacent to the first electrode (210) and between the second electrode (220) and the ion exchange membrane (230) positioned most adjacent to the second electrode (220).

[0074] The electrode solution can be circulated through the electrode solution path (203) on the first electrode (210) side and the electrode solution path (203) on the second electrode (220) side, so that the respective electrode solution paths can be fluidly connected to each other.

[0075] Meanwhile, a biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a contact membrane. However, in this document, the terms "contact membrane" and "separation membrane" may be used interchangeably.

[0076] According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is a boundary where the liquid environment within the device (10) meets the external meteorological environment. Carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere is typically 0.04% (=400 ppm), which is a very low concentration compared to large-scale emission sources (10 to 20%). Therefore, the device must be able to selectively separate carbon dioxide while also being able to absorb it very efficiently.

[0077] In order to effectively absorb and pass carbon dioxide at an extremely low concentration of 400 ppm through the surface of the contact membrane, the carbon dioxide capture efficiency on the surface must be increased.

[0078] Previously, the development of contact membrane materials targeted combustion exhaust gas containing more than 10% CO2. The present invention provides a contact membrane that increases the specific surface area exposed to carbon dioxide at the surface in contact with air.

[0079] In the present invention, the contact membrane for carbon dioxide capture included in the carbon concentration gradient power generation is in the form of a contact separation membrane that forms a gas / contact membrane / liquid interface. Therefore, the surface of the contact membrane material can effectively absorb and desorb carbon dioxide by contacting gas and liquid, respectively.

[0080] The form of the contact film of the present invention is a multilayer composite membrane (thin film composite).

[0081] Specifically, referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the multilayer composite contact membrane (110) of the carbon dioxide capture and conversion unit (100) is composed of a porous support (111) and a coating unit (112), and the coating unit (112) may include a catalyst (113).

[0082] First, the drawing symbol A shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 means carbon dioxide in air or atmosphere, and B means an aqueous solution.

[0083] As shown in Fig. 2, one side (110a) of the contact film (110) is in contact with air (carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, A), and the other side (110b) opposite to the one side is in contact with an aqueous solution (B).

[0084] Accordingly, the porous contact membrane may be configured such that one side is applied with a catalyst for promoting the hydration rate of carbon dioxide, and the other side is configured as a porous hydrophobic contact membrane structure with a large surface area. The side treated with the catalyst for promoting the hydration rate of carbon dioxide hydrates carbon dioxide in the air through the separation membrane, and the hydrated bicarbonate can be used to produce energy as a high-concentration solution in the energy generation unit (200). The carbonate consumed at a low concentration through the anion exchange membrane in the generation unit can be continuously supplied through the contact membrane.

[0085] Here, one side (110a) of the multilayer composite contact film (110) may mean one side (110a) exposed to the atmosphere (A) so as to be in direct contact with the atmosphere, and the other side (110b) may mean the other side (110b) exposed to the aqueous solution so as to be in direct contact with the aqueous solution (B).

[0086] Carbonate supplied to the supply path (130) through the above contact membrane is supplied to the first path (201) and then passes through the anion exchange membrane (240) to the second path (202) and is consumed, so that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can be continuously supplied to the supply path (130) through the porous contact membrane.

[0087] That is, hydrated bicarbonate ions (HCO3) are passed through the multilayer composite contact membrane (110). - ) or carbonate ions (CO3 -2 ) is dissolved in the aqueous solution and moves from the supply path (130) to the first path (201) according to the flow of the aqueous solution, then passes through the anion exchange membrane (240) and moves to the second path (202).

[0088] At this time, hydrated bicarbonate ions (HCO3) in the supply flow path (130) and the first flow path (201) - ) or carbonate ions (CO3-2 ) is lowered, and carbon dioxide is hydrated at a high rate through the multilayer composite contact membrane (110) in the atmosphere due to the concentration gradient, and carbonate can be continuously supplied to the supply path (130). That is, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere flows into the device (10).

[0089] In addition, the contact film (110) includes a porous support (111). The contact film (110) including the porous support (111) is positioned so that pores are provided from the other side (110b) in contact with the aqueous solution (B) toward one side (110a) in contact with the air (A). In addition, in FIGS. 2 and 3 of the present invention, the porous support (111) is illustrated with the depth of the pores emphasized, but the porous support preferably has a shape with a large surface area, and may have a sponge-like shape.

[0090] In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the porous support (111) may include a first region (111a) in contact with atmospheric carbon dioxide (air, A) and a second region (111b) in contact with an aqueous solution (B).

[0091] The first region (111a) of the above porous support (111) serves to increase the contact area with carbon dioxide and quickly supply carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

[0092] The second region (111a) of the above porous support (111) increases the contact area with the aqueous solution, so that the carbon dioxide supplied to the first region (111a) is quickly hydrated on the surface of the coating portion, thereby allowing the carbonate to easily dissolve into the supply path (130).

[0093] In addition, the role of the porous support (111) is to maintain the mechanical strength of the contact film, prevent the aqueous solution from overflowing or leaking, and increase the surface area of ​​the part in contact with air to increase the contact area with carbon dioxide.

[0094] Additionally, the porous support (111) may include pores ranging from several nm to several hundred nm, for example, pores ranging from 1 nm to 1100 nm on average.

[0095] The material of the above porous support (111) can be made of various materials such as zeolite, polymer, carbon molecular sieve, etc., and can include pores in a range where Knudsen diffusion occurs so that the surface area in contact with gas is large and gas can move freely due to external wind or pressure fluctuations.

[0096] The above porous support (111) can control the pore size and porosity by various methods such as non-solvent induced phase separations (NIPS), thermally induced phase separation (TIPS), and stretching.

[0097] The material of the above porous support (111) can be a hydrophobic polymer, a ceramic material, etc., and a polymer material can be used mainly considering manufacturing cost, processability, and mass production.

[0098] In particular, among polymer materials, supports such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polyvinylidenefluoride (PVdF) can be used as porous supports (111).

[0099] However, polypropylene and polyethylene are easy to mass-produce and thus have relatively low manufacturing costs, but their hydrophobicity is relatively low, so when the pressure on the gas side, including carbon dioxide, is high or when they are in contact with water for a long period of time, swelling may occur due to aqueous solutions (electrolytes).

[0100] On the other hand, polytetrafluoroethylene is expensive but has high chemical stability and high hydrophobicity, so it has the lowest risk of damage to the support due to swelling by aqueous solutions (electrolytes) and ion dissolution within the polymer, but the surface modification technology for applying the coating layer is also technically limited.

[0101] The above polymers have excellent mechanical strength and are stable because they do not decompose in acid-base aqueous solutions. Due to their hydrophobicity, when used as a contact membrane, the aqueous solution does not leak out and swelling caused by the aqueous solution can be prevented.

[0102] Additionally, the contact film (110) includes a coating portion (112). The coating portion (112) is coated on a porous support and includes a catalyst (113).

[0103] The above coating portion (112) can be formed in two examples, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, respectively.

[0104] As in the first example illustrated in Fig. 2, the coating portion (112) may be a structure coated on the surface of the support (111) so as to block the pores of the porous support (111). That is, the coating portion (112) may be formed as a coating layer by surface-treating one surface of the porous support, and on one side that comes into contact with air (atmosphere), and may also be in the form of a thin coating on the surface of the porous support.

[0105] In addition, as in the second example illustrated in FIG. 3, the coating portion (112) may have a structure coated along the pores of the porous support (111) so as not to block the pores of the support.

[0106] The thickness of the above coating portion (112) may be several nm thick or several hundred nm thick. For example, the thickness of the coating portion may be 1 nm to 1100 nm.

[0107] Additionally, the coating portion (112) may include a catalyst (113).

[0108] The above catalyst (113) may be a catalyst capable of promoting the hydration rate of carbon dioxide.

[0109] The above coating part (112) can mainly use a polymer material that is easy to solution-coat and synthesize, and carbon dioxide is quickly hydrated on the surface or inside of the coating part to form carbonate (HCO3 - or CO3 -2 ) may include a catalyst capable of converting it into a carboxylic acid.

[0110] Specifically, catalysts include synthetic catalysts and biocatalysts, and as long as the catalyst can promote the hydration rate of carbon dioxide as described above, either the synthetic catalyst or the biocatalyst or a mixture thereof may be used.

[0111] Representative examples of biocatalysts include carbonic anhydrous (CA). CA catalysts, which are biocatalysts derived from living organisms, are sensitive to temperature, changes in the surrounding environment, pH, etc., have poor long-term stability and durability, and are difficult to immobilize within or on the surface of a coating. However, the present invention may include a CA catalyst that has been stabilized so that it is stable even in environments such as temperature, pH, and humidity.

[0112] As a synthetic catalyst, a structure containing a ligand with an open metal site that mimics a biocatalyst can be used, and this catalyst can play a role in rapidly converting carbon dioxide into carbonate with the help of water molecules. The structure containing a ligand with an open metal site that can be applied in the present invention can be fixed by controlling the terminal functional group to the surface or inside of the coating layer, thereby creating a long-term stable separation membrane coating layer.

[0113] In addition, the contact film (110) can be coated and synthesized by various methods on the porous support (111) as a coating portion (112). The coating portion (112) can also be applied on the porous support by a solution coating method. At this time, the method for forming or applying the coating portion (112) can be formed or applied by various methods such as a doctor blade, spin coating, screen printing, etc. In addition, the formation of the coating portion (112) can also be applied as a coating layer by a method in which a monomer solution is synthesized directly on the surface of the porous support (111) with a large specific surface area without damaging the surface porosity of the support.

[0114] One side of the above multilayer composite contact film (110) may be hydrophilic and the other side may be hydrophobic.

[0115] One side of the contact membrane is a porous support surface to increase contact with air, and the other side is a coating applied to the surface of the porous support to help quickly hydrate carbon dioxide. The surface of the porous support can be in contact with air, so that the support with a large specific surface area can quickly supply carbon dioxide. The surface of the coating layer can be in contact with an aqueous solution, so that carbon dioxide that easily approaches the support layer (by Knudsen diffusion) can be quickly hydrated on the surface of the coating layer and converted into carbonate, and the converted carbonate can be dissolved into the aqueous solution.

[0116] At this time, the pressure of the air layer in contact with the contact film can be any pressure including atmospheric pressure or higher, and the aqueous solution on the opposite side must form a flow so that the dissolved carbonate can easily flow and be used for power generation. When the hydrated carbonate is washed from the surface along the flow of the aqueous solution and the concentration decreases, the concentration gradient causes carbon dioxide to be hydrated at a rapid rate through the coating part containing the catalyst of the contact film in the air layer, thereby resupplying the carbonate.

[0117] In addition, the multilayer composite contact film (110) may be provided as a flat module, a spiral module, or a hollow fiber module. That is, the shape of the multilayer composite contact film may be a flat module or a spiral module, and may also be provided in a hollow fiber shape to increase the surface area.

[0118] Flat-panel modules are the most accessible manufacturing method because they are easy to design, easily adaptable to small cells, and simple to manufacture, allowing for a variety of applications. Hollow-fiber membranes offer the largest surface area per volume, increasing the contact area with air and thus increasing volumetric capture efficiency at low carbon dioxide concentrations.

[0119] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the supply of electric energy produced through a biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device (10) according to one embodiment of the present invention to a power grid.

[0120] As shown in FIG. 4, the energy generation unit (200) of the biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device (10) according to one embodiment of the present invention may be arranged to supply the generated electrical energy to the power system (13). That is, the carbon dioxide capture and power generation device (10) may be electrically connected to the power system (13).

[0121] As mentioned above, by connecting to the power grid, the produced electric energy can be utilized efficiently.

[0122] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration for mineralizing a second discharged solution discharged through a biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device (10) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0123] As shown in Fig. 5, the storage unit (400) of the present invention is connected to a mineralization device (500) to mineralize carbonate contained in the second discharge solution, thereby reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Carbonate can be recovered through the storage unit (400) and used to permanently treat carbon dioxide.

[0124] In particular, according to the present invention, as an eco-friendly energy production technology capable of recovering the enthalpy (free energy) of carbon dioxide, there is an advantage in that energy and useful materials can be produced using carbon dioxide.

Claims

1. A carbon dioxide capture and conversion unit including a multilayer composite contact membrane designed to absorb carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and convert it into carbonate; and a supply path through which a first solution flows, formed by supplying an aqueous solution and introducing the converted carbonate into the aqueous solution; It includes an energy generation unit supplied with a first solution supplied from the carbon dioxide capture and conversion unit and a second solution having a different concentration from the first solution, The energy generating unit is arranged to face each other at a predetermined interval and comprises first and second electrodes that are electrically connected; and A plurality of ion exchange membranes are arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode to define at least one first channel through which a first solution flows and at least one second channel through which a second solution flows, A biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device, wherein the above supply path is fluidly connected to the first path.

2. In paragraph 1, A first solution containing carbonate is supplied to the first flow path, A biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device, wherein carbonate in a first solution flowing through a first flow path passes through an ion exchange membrane and moves to a second flow path.

3. In paragraph 2, The Department of Energy Development, A biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device, further comprising a storage unit configured to store a second discharge solution in which the concentration of carbonate in the second solution increases during the process in which the second solution flows through the second flow path.

4. In paragraph 1, The above multilayer composite contact film is a multilayer composite contact film in which one side is in contact with the atmosphere and the other side opposite to the one side is in contact with an aqueous solution. porous support; and A biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device comprising a coating portion coated on a porous support and containing a catalyst.

5. In paragraph 4, A biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device wherein the porous support comprises pores within a range in which Knudsen diffusion occurs.

6. In paragraph 4, A biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device, wherein the coating portion is a structure coated on the surface of the support to block the pores of the porous support.

7. In paragraph 4, A biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device, wherein the coating portion is a structure coated along the pores of the porous support so as not to block the pores of the porous support.

8. In paragraph 4, A biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device, where the catalyst is a catalyst that promotes the hydration rate of carbon dioxide.

9. In paragraph 4, A biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device wherein the catalyst comprises a ligand comprising an open metal site.

10. In paragraph 4, A biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device in which carbon dioxide in the atmosphere absorbed through the above one side is hydrated through a multilayer composite contact membrane and passes through the other side to provide carbonate.

11. In paragraph 4, A biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device, wherein the multilayer composite contact membrane is provided as a flat module, a spiral wound module, or a hollow fiber module.

12. In paragraph 1, The energy generation unit is a biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device designed to supply the generated electrical energy to the power grid.

13. In paragraph 3, A biomimetic carbon dioxide capture and power generation device, wherein the energy generation unit further includes a mineralization device for mineralizing carbonate in the second discharge solution stored in the storage unit.

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