Compound feed additive for improving immune and antioxidant functions of fattening pigs

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of breeding feeds. Provided in the present invention is a compound feed additive for improving the immune and antioxidant functions of fattening pigs. The raw materials used in the compound feed additive comprise, in percentages by weight: 23.5-27% of compound probiotics, 0.5-1% of boric acid, 22-28% of tea polyphenols, 10-14% of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, 20-28% of xylooligosaccharides and 10-15% of silica white carbon black. During daily feeding, the compound feed additive needs to be combined with a basal diet to form a compound feed for use. In the present application, three substances including compound probiotics, tea polyphenols and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are creatively selected from a plurality of materials having immunoenhancing and antioxidant functions as the main raw materials of the additive. The combined use of the obtained compound additive with a basal diet can effectively increase the antibody level in serum and immune organ tissue of growing and fattening pigs, improve the antioxidant function of immune organs, and further improve the production performance and meat quality of the pigs.

Description

Compound feed additive for improving immune and antioxidant functions of fattening pigs Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of breeding feed, and particularly relates to the research and development of a compound feed additive for improving the immune and antioxidant functions of fattening pigs. Background Art

[0002] my country's annual pork consumption is enormous, and with rising living standards, higher demands are being placed on pork quality. Currently, my country's pig farming industry is undergoing rapid transformation, with pig farming moving toward large-scale, standardized, intensive, and modernized operations. During pig farming, particularly in the contemporary context of large-scale commercial pig production, numerous factors can trigger oxidative stress in pigs. These factors can cause the body to produce large quantities of free radicals. When oxygen free radical levels exceed the body's ability to scavenge these radicals, the body's antioxidant defense system is impaired, leading to oxidative stress. This in turn damages cellular lipids, proteins, and DNA, impairing pig production performance and weakening immunity, potentially leading to disease. Furthermore, oxidative stress can cause oxidative damage to muscle tissue, compromising pork quality after slaughter. Therefore, enhancing pig immune and antioxidant function is crucial for improving pig production performance and pork quality.

[0003] The pig's antioxidant system primarily consists of enzymatic and non-enzymatic reaction systems. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a key antioxidant enzyme in the enzymatic system. The rate and extent of lipid oxidation in post-mortem muscle depend on the animal's antioxidant capacity. SOD can inhibit lipid oxidation, improving meat quality and extending the shelf life of meat products. During oxidative stress, free radicals attack cell membrane lipids, and malondialdehyde (MDA) is a key product of membrane lipid peroxidation. Therefore, measuring MDA content can reveal the extent of membrane lipid peroxidation and indirectly measure the degree of membrane damage. MDA content is a key indicator of the degree of oxidative deterioration and safety of meat products during storage and is often used to determine the freshness of raw meat. Furthermore, the pursuit of pork quality cannot ignore the importance of pork flavor.

[0004] To enhance the immune and antioxidant capacity of fattening pigs, a common approach is to add additives to their feed that provide the desired functions. A wide variety of commercially available additives are available, including probiotics, acidifiers, enzymes, herbal remedies, and plant extracts. Probiotics can inhibit the proliferation of harmful gastrointestinal bacteria, maintain gastrointestinal microecological balance, enhance immune function, treat gastrointestinal diseases, and reduce antibiotic-induced diarrhea. Common acidifiers include organic and inorganic acids, fatty acids, and their salts. Organic acids include malic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, fatty acids, and α-ketoglutaric acid. Organic acids can cross pathogen cell membranes, exerting bactericidal and antibacterial effects. They can also improve gastrointestinal pH, intestinal flora, and pepsin activity. They can also improve intestinal tissue structure and enhance nutrient digestibility. Tributyrin is an esterified product of glycerol and butyrate. It resists digestion by gastric juice and is broken down by pancreatic lipase in the intestines. Tributyrin can regulate intestinal barrier function, protect the intestinal mucosa, enhance intestinal immunity, and promote intestinal development. Tea polyphenols, astragalus polysaccharides, ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, and echinacea extracts have also been shown to improve pig production performance, reduce diarrhea rates, and enhance immune function and antioxidant capacity in piglets. Enzyme preparations primarily supplement endogenous digestive enzyme deficiencies, improve basal feed quality, regulate intestinal chyme viscosity, enhance immunity through bactericidal and antibacterial properties, and improve overall health, thereby enhancing nutrient digestion and absorption, improving feed conversion, and promoting growth in livestock and poultry. NCG (N-carbamoylglutamate) is a structurally stable analog of NAG and can perform similar functions in arginine synthesis. The NCG required for endogenous arginine synthesis supplemented in the diet regulates N metabolism through the urea cycle, playing an important role in regulating nutrient metabolism in the animal body, and ultimately improving the body's N metabolism, reproductive capacity, immune capacity, lactation function and animal growth performance.

[0005] The above preparations all have certain immune-enhancing and antioxidant functions. However, the unplanned and unorganized addition of a large number of antioxidant additives to the basic feed is obviously not the best choice. Even if it can improve the body's antioxidant capacity, this purposeless and unplanned rough addition method will inevitably make it difficult to maximize the effectiveness of the additives. Moreover, the large-scale addition of different types of additives will undoubtedly greatly increase the preparation cost of the feed, especially the expensive enzyme preparations and fermentation bacteria. The initial cost pressure caused by the large-scale use is huge, the overall economic efficiency is poor, and the final breeding efficiency is affected. For example, Chinese patent CN 105124176 A discloses a compound feed for improving the antioxidant activity of pork. It allows fattening pigs to ingest more antioxidants by adding taurine, small peptides, saccharide terpenoids, tea polyphenols, soybean flavonoids, alfalfa flavonoids and alfalfa polysaccharides to the feed at the same time. These components have antioxidant effects, scavenging free radicals in the body, and improving the antioxidant activity of pork. However, the soybean flavonoids, alfalfa flavonoids and saccharide terpenoids used are all expensive materials, and the feeding cost is high.

[0006] In order to improve the immune and antioxidant functions of fattening pigs more economically and effectively, the current urgent problem to be solved is to make more reasonable selection and combination of additive ingredients in the feed and to accurately control the addition ratio of each ingredient. If a compound feed additive with simple composition, controllable cost, suitable for use in the routine feeding process of fattening pigs, and able to significantly improve the immune and antioxidant capacity of fattening pigs can be developed, it will promote the sustainable development of the breeding industry and explore new ideas for the livestock and poultry breeding industry. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a compound feed additive for improving the immune antioxidant function of fattening pigs. When used in combination with a basic feed, it can effectively increase the antibody levels in the serum and immune organ tissues of growing and fattening pigs and improve the antioxidant function of the immune organs.

[0008] The specific technical solution of the present invention is: a compound feed additive for improving the immune and antioxidant functions of fattening pigs. The raw materials used in the compound feed additive include, by weight percentage, 23.5-27% of compound probiotics, 0.5-1% of boric acid, 22-28% of tea polyphenols, 10-14% of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, 20-28% of xylo-oligosaccharide, and 10-15% of white carbon black.

[0009] Furthermore, the raw materials used in the compound feed additive include, by weight percentage, 25% compound probiotics, 0.72% boric acid, 25% tea polyphenols, 12.5% ​​ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, 25% xylo-oligosaccharide, and 11.78% white carbon black.

[0010] Furthermore, during daily feeding, the compound feed additive needs to be used in combination with the basic feed to form a compound feed. By weight percentage, the compound feed contains 99.2% of the basic feed and 0.8% of the compound feed additive.

[0011] Furthermore, the content of catechins in the tea polyphenols used is not less than 75%.

[0012] Furthermore, the particle size of the boric acid used is 200-300 meshes, and the content is ≥98%.

[0013] Furthermore, the composite probiotics contain Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus plantarum and yeast, wherein the Bacillus subtilis is ≥3 billion cfu / g and the moisture content is ≤10%.

[0014] Furthermore, the content of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide used is not less than 70%.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0016] 1. The compound feed additive disclosed in this application is composed of compound probiotics, boric acid, tea polyphenols, ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides, and white carbon black. This application creatively selects compound probiotics, tea polyphenols, and ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides from a variety of materials with immune-enhancing and antioxidant effects as the main raw materials of the additive. This compound additive, when used in combination with a basic feed diet, is significantly effective in enhancing the antioxidant function of fattening pigs, thereby helping to further improve pig production performance and pork quality.

[0017] 2. This application has conducted in-depth research on the compounding ratio of each component in the additive to determine the optimal dosage of each component. This can not only avoid the waste of raw materials caused by blindly stacking large amounts of addition, but also maximize the efficacy of each component and avoid effect inhibition. At the same time, considering cost factors, the dosage of the components can be more accurately controlled. The composite additive prepared on this basis will be more economical and efficient in improving feeding results.

[0018] 3. The compound feed for fattening pigs proposed in this application is in line with the current theme of antibiotic-free farming in the livestock industry. It can replace antibiotics and be applied to the feed industry. It has huge application potential in the pig farming industry and provides theoretical support for the healthy development of my country's pig farming industry.

[0019] 4. The novel feed additive formula disclosed in this application does not use expensive enzyme preparations and flavonoid special materials, so the preparation cost is well controlled, which is conducive to promotion and use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 shows the effects of different compound feed additives on serum antibody levels and cytokines in fattening pigs;

[0021] Figure 2 shows the effects of different compound feed additives on the antibody levels and cytokines in the lymph nodes of fattening pigs;

[0022] Figure 3 shows the effects of different compound feed additives on spleen antibody levels and cytokines in fattening pigs;

[0023] Figure 4 shows the effects of different compound feed additives on the antioxidant function of fattening pig lymph nodes;

[0024] Figure 5 shows the effects of different compound feed additives on the antioxidant function of the spleen in fattening pigs;

[0025] FIG6 shows the effects of compound feed additives with different component ratios on serum antibody levels and cytokines in fattening pigs;

[0026] FIG7 shows the effects of compound feed additives with different component ratios on the antibody levels and cytokines in the lymph nodes of fattening pigs;

[0027] FIG8 shows the effects of compound feed additives with different component ratios on spleen antibody levels and cytokines in fattening pigs;

[0028] FIG9 shows the effects of compound feed additives with different component ratios on the antioxidant function of fattening pig lymph nodes;

[0029] Figure 10 shows the effects of compound feed additives with different component ratios on the antioxidant function of the spleen in fattening pigs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but is not limited thereto. Any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1: Feeding fattening pigs with compound feeds with different additive formulas

[0032] 1. Experimental Preparation and Design

[0033] The study used a single-factor, completely randomized design and was conducted at the pig fattening farm of Anhui Hefeng Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. Ninety healthy, 90-day-old, three-way fattening pigs (Du × Chang × Da) were randomly divided into five groups: a control group and four experimental groups (Experimental Groups I, II, III, and IV), with three replicates per group and six pigs per replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, while Experimental Groups I, II, III, and IV were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.8% of various compound feed additives (i.e., by weight, the compound feed consisted of 99.2% basal diet and 0.8% formulated additives). The experimental period was 90 days.

[0034] The nutritional composition and nutritional level of the basic feed are as follows (air-dried basis)

[0035]

[0036] Note: This feed formula comes from Anhui Wellcome Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., and the nutritional levels are calculated.

[0037] The additive formulas and main ingredient contents corresponding to Test Groups I, II, III, and IV are as follows.

[0038]

[0039] (1) Tributyrin: food grade;

[0040] (2) Boric acid: 98.5%, 200 mesh;

[0041] (3) Tea polyphenols: active ingredient content ≥98%, powder, 80 mesh.

[0042] (4) Astragalus polysaccharide: content 50%, 80 mesh;

[0043] (5) Silica: 600 mesh;

[0044] (6) Compound probiotics: Product name: Beiwuyou, raw materials: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus plantarum, yeast, plant extracts, Bacillus subtilis ≥ 3 billion cfu / g, moisture ≤ 10%;

[0045] (7) Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide: content 70%, brown-yellow powder;

[0046] (8) Xylooligosaccharide: food grade, content ≥95%;

[0047] (9) Citric acid: food grade citric acid monohydrate, content ≥98%;

[0048] (10) Echinacea extract: product specification 10:1;

[0049] (11) NCG (N-carbamylglutamate): feed grade, white crystals, content ≥95%.

[0050] 2. Feeding and management

[0051] This experiment was conducted for 90 days at the pig fattening facility of Anhui Wellcome Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. Pigs were fed once daily at 8:00 AM and 4:00 PM, with free access to feed and water from one hopper feeder and two drinkers per replicate. Daily care and immunization procedures were implemented according to the Wellcome Animal Husbandry Fattening Pig Husbandry Manual. Feces was regularly cleaned and ventilation was maintained to maintain pig house hygiene and air quality. Feeding habits and mental state were observed and recorded daily.

[0052] 3. Related test results and analysis

[0053] 3.1 Effects of different feed additives on antibody levels and cytokines in fattening pigs

[0054] 3.1.1 Effects of compound feed additives on serum antibody levels and cytokines in fattening pigs

[0055] As can be seen from Figure 1, the serum PRV-Ab level of fattening pigs in test group II was significantly higher than that in the control group and test groups I, III and IV (P<0.05); the serum CSF-Ab level of fattening pigs in test group II was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between it and test groups I, III and IV (P>0.05); the serum IL-2 level of fattening pigs in test group II was significantly higher than that in the control group and test group IV (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between it and test groups I and III (P>0.05); the serum IL-6 level of fattening pigs in test groups I, II and III was significantly higher than that in the control group and test group IV (P<0.05); the serum IFN-γ level of fattening pigs in test groups I and II was also significantly higher than that in the control group and test groups III and IV (P<0.05).

[0056] 3.1.2 Effects of compound feed additives on lymph node antibody levels and cytokines in fattening pigs

[0057] As shown in Figure 2, the CSF-Ab levels in the lymph nodes of fattening pigs in groups II and IV were significantly higher than those in the control group and group I (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference compared with group III (P>0.05); the PCV-Ab levels in the lymph nodes of fattening pigs in groups I, II and III were significantly higher than those in group IV (P<0.05); the IL-2 levels in the lymph nodes of fattening pigs in groups I and II were significantly higher than those in the control group and groups III and IV (P<0.05); the IL-6 level in the lymph nodes of fattening pigs in group II was significantly higher than that in the control group and other experimental groups (P<0.05).

[0058] 3.1.3 Effects of compound feed additives on spleen antibody levels and cytokines in fattening pigs

[0059] As shown in Figure 3, the PRV-Ab levels in the spleens of fattening pigs in groups I and II were significantly higher than those in groups III, IV and the control group (P<0.05); the CSF-Ab levels in the spleens of fattening pigs in groups I and II were significantly higher than those in group III (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference compared with group IV and the control group (P>0.05); the PCV-Ab levels in the spleens of fattening pigs in groups I and II were significantly higher than those in the control group and groups III and IV (P<0.05); the IL-2 level in the spleens of fattening pigs in group II was significantly higher than that in the control group and all other experimental groups (P<0.05); the IFN-γ level in the spleens of fattening pigs in groups I, II and III was significantly higher than that in the control group and group IV (P<0.05).

[0060] 3.2 Effects of different feed additives on antioxidant function in serum and immune organs of fattening pigs

[0061] 3.2.1 Effects of compound feed additives on the antioxidant function of lymph nodes in fattening pigs

[0062] As shown in Figure 4, the T-AOC (total antioxidant capacity) activity of the lymph nodes of fattening pigs in test group II was significantly higher than that in the control group and test groups III and IV (P<0.05), but the difference was not significant compared with test group I (P>0.05); the T-SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity of the lymph nodes of fattening pigs in test group II was significantly higher than that in test group IV and the control group (P<0.05), but the difference was not significant compared with test groups I and III (P>0.05); the MDA content of the lymph nodes of fattening pigs in test groups I, II and III was significantly lower than that in test group IV and the control group (P<0.05), and the MDA content of test group IV was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).

[0063] 3.2.2 Effects of compound feed additives on the antioxidant function of spleen in fattening pigs

[0064] As shown in Figure 5, the T-AOC activity of the spleen of fattening pigs in test group II was significantly higher than that in the control group and test groups I, III and IV (P<0.05), and the T-AOC level in test group III was significantly higher than that in the control group and test group IV (P<0.05); the T-SOD activity of the spleen of fattening pigs in test group II was significantly higher than that in the control group and test groups III and IV (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference from test group I (P>0.05); the MDA content of the spleen of fattening pigs in test groups I, II and III was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference from test group IV (P>0.05).

[0065] SOD, GSH-Px, T-AOC, and MDA are important indicators of an animal's antioxidant capacity. Changes in their activity or content directly reflect the body's antioxidant function. T-AOC reflects the body's total antioxidant capacity. Higher T-AOC, SOD, and GSH-Px activity and content, and lower MDA levels indicate greater antioxidant capacity. The above experimental results indicate that adding compound feed additives to the diet can increase antibody levels in the serum and immune tissues of growing and finishing pigs, improving the antioxidant function of these organs. Experimental Group II performed best, followed by Experimental Group I.

[0066] Example 2: Based on the formula disclosed in Experiment II, the effects of compound feeds with different ratios on feeding effects were observed by adjusting the ratios of each group to determine the optimal ratio range.

[0067] 1. Experimental Preparation and Design

[0068] The study used a single-factor, completely randomized design and was conducted at the pig fattening farm of Anhui Hefeng Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. Ninety healthy, 90-day-old, three-way fattening pigs (Du × Chang × Da) were randomly divided into five groups (A, B, C, D, and E), with three replicates per group and six pigs per replicate. Groups A, B, C, D, and E were fed a compound feed consisting of a basal diet supplemented with 0.8% of various compound feed additives for a 90-day trial.

[0069]

[0070] 2. Related test results and analysis

[0071] 2.1 Effects of compound feed additives with different component ratios on serum antibody levels and cytokines in fattening pigs

[0072] As shown in Figure 6, the serum CSF-Ab level of fattening pigs in group A was significantly higher than that in groups B, C, D and E (P<0.05), while the levels of serum PCV-Ab in fattening pigs in groups A and C were significantly higher than that in group E (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference compared with groups B and D (P>0.05); the serum IL-2 and IFN-γ levels in fattening pigs in group A were significantly higher than those in groups B and D (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference compared with groups C and E (P>0.05).

[0073] 2.2 Effects of compound feed additives with different component ratios on lymph node antibody levels and cytokines in fattening pigs

[0074] As shown in Figure 7, the PCV-Ab level in the lymph nodes of fattening pigs in group A was significantly higher than that in group D (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference compared with groups B, C and D (P>0.05); the IFN-γ level in the lymph nodes of fattening pigs in group A was significantly higher than that in groups B and D (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference compared with groups C and E (P>0.05).

[0075] 2.3 Effects of compound feed additives with different component ratios on spleen antibody levels and cytokines in fattening pigs

[0076] As shown in Figure 8, the CSF-Ab level in the spleen of fattening pigs in group A was significantly higher than that in group D (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference compared with groups B, C and D (P>0.05); the PCV-Ab level in the spleen of fattening pigs in groups A and C was significantly higher than that in groups B and D (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference compared with group E (P>0.05); the IL-2 and IFN-γ levels in the spleen of fattening pigs in group A were significantly higher than those in groups B, D and E (P<0.05).

[0077] 2.4 Effects of compound feed additives with different component ratios on the antioxidant function of fattening pig lymph nodes

[0078] As shown in Figure 9, the T-SOD activity and GSH-Px content in the lymph nodes of fattening pigs in groups A, C and E were significantly higher than those in groups B and D (P<0.05); the MDA content in the lymph nodes of fattening pigs in groups A, B, C and D were significantly lower than that in group E (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the T-AOC activity in the lymph nodes of fattening pigs in all experimental groups (P>0.05).

[0079] 2.5 Effects of compound feed additives with different component ratios on the antioxidant function of the spleen in fattening pigs

[0080] As shown in Figure 10, the T-AOC activity of the spleen of fattening pigs in group A was significantly higher than that in groups B, C and D (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference compared with group E (P>0.05), and the T-AOC activity of group C was significantly higher than that in groups B and D (P<0.05); the GSH-Px content of the spleen of fattening pigs in groups A, C and E was significantly higher than that in groups B and D (P<0.05); the MDA content of the spleen of fattening pigs in groups A, C and E was significantly lower than that in group D (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference compared with group B (P>0.05).

[0081] From the above experimental results, it can be seen that adding a compound feed additive composed of different proportions of compound probiotics and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides to the feed can improve the levels of antibodies and cytokines in the serum and immune organs of fattening pigs to varying degrees, and enhance the antioxidant function of the spleen and lymph nodes. Among them, the performance of test group A is the best, followed by test groups C and E. Based on the dual considerations of effect and cost, this application defines the distribution ratio of each group in the compound feed additive for fattening pigs. The components, by weight percentage, include: 23.5-27% compound probiotics, 0.5-1% 98.5% boric acid, 22-28% 98% tea polyphenols, 10-14% Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, 20-28% xylo-oligosaccharides, and 10-15% white carbon black; in particular, the best effect is achieved when the weight percentages of the components in the compound feed additive are: 25% compound probiotics, 0.72% boric acid, 25% tea polyphenols, 12.5% ​​Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, 25% xylo-oligosaccharides, and 11.78% white carbon black.

[0082] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention's description and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound feed additive for improving the immune and antioxidant function of fattening pigs, characterized in that: The raw materials used in the compound feed additive include, by weight percentage: 23.5-27% of compound probiotics, 0.5-1% of boric acid, 22-28% of tea polyphenols, 10-14% of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, 20-28% of xylo-oligosaccharide, and 10-15% of white carbon black.

2. The compound feed additive for improving the immune and antioxidant function of fattening pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials used in the compound feed additive include, by weight percentage: 25% compound probiotics, 0.72% boric acid, 25% tea polyphenols, 12.5% ​​ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, 25% xylo-oligosaccharide, and 11.78% white carbon black.

3. The compound feed additive for improving the immune and antioxidant function of fattening pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that: During daily feeding, the compound feed additive needs to be used with the basic feed as a compound feed. By weight percentage, the compound feed contains 99.2% of the basic feed and 0.8% of the compound feed additive.

4. The compound feed additive for improving the immune and antioxidant function of fattening pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The content of catechins in the tea polyphenols used is not less than 75%.

5. The compound feed additive for improving the immune and antioxidant function of fattening pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the boric acid used is 200-300 meshes, and the content is ≥98%.

6. The compound feed additive for improving the immune and antioxidant function of fattening pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compound probiotics contain Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus plantarum and yeast, among which Bacillus subtilis is ≥3 billion cfu / g and the moisture content is ≤10%.

7. The compound feed additive for improving the immune and antioxidant function of fattening pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The content of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide used is not less than 70%.

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