Base station antenna

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of antennas. Provided is a base station antenna, which comprises a reflection plate, a decoupling unit and a plurality of radiation units, the plurality of radiation units being arranged in rows and columns on the reflection plate, and the decoupling unit being located above the plurality of radiation units. The decoupling unit comprises a substrate and a plurality of decoupling components, the decoupling components being arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the radiation units. Each decoupling component comprises a first decoupling member, a second decoupling member and a third decoupling member; each radiation unit comprises two orthogonal radiators; the first decoupling member comprises two orthogonal decoupling arms, the extension directions of the two decoupling arms being consistent with the polarization directions of the two radiators, respectively; the extension direction of the second decoupling member and the polarization directions form a 45° included angle, and the second decoupling member extends in the column direction; the third decoupling member and the polarization directions form a 45° included angle, and the third decoupling member extends in the row direction. With respect to the base station antenna provided by the present application, the decoupling unit in the base station antenna has a relatively low cost and achieves a relatively good decoupling effect.

Description

Base station antenna

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on December 15, 2023, with application number 202311741329.9 and application name “Base Station Antenna”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a base station antenna. Background Art

[0003] With the increasing requirements for transmission rate and transmission capacity in the communication process, base station antennas based on MIMO technology are being used more and more widely.

[0004] Base station antennas can increase data transmission rates and capacity while reducing interference with neighboring cells. Base station antennas include multiple radiating elements. As the transmission rate and capacity of base station antennas increase, the number of radiating elements in base station antennas increases. However, due to limitations in installation space and mounting methods, the outer dimensions of base station antennas are difficult to increase, resulting in increasingly smaller spacing between radiating elements. This reduced spacing between radiating elements leads to increasingly stronger electromagnetic interference between radiating elements. In related technologies, decoupling structures can be provided above the radiating elements to reduce electromagnetic interference between them. However, partially decoupling structures are expensive and have poor decoupling effects.

[0005] In the related art, it is difficult for the decoupling structure in the base station antenna to simultaneously solve the two problems of high cost and poor decoupling effect.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present application provides a base station antenna, in which a decoupling unit has low cost and good decoupling effect.

[0008] The present application provides a base station antenna, comprising a reflector, a decoupling unit, and a plurality of radiating units, wherein the plurality of radiating units are arranged in rows and columns on the reflector, and the decoupling unit is located above the plurality of radiating units; the decoupling unit comprises a substrate and a plurality of decoupling components located on the substrate, wherein the decoupling components are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the radiating units; the decoupling components comprise a first decoupling member, a second decoupling member, and a third decoupling member; and the radiating unit comprises two orthogonal radiators;

[0009] The first decoupling element includes two orthogonal decoupling arms, and the extension directions of the two decoupling arms are respectively consistent with the polarization directions of the two radiators; the extension direction of the second decoupling element forms a 45° angle with the polarization direction and the second decoupling element extends along the column direction; the third decoupling element forms a 45° angle with the polarization direction and the third decoupling element extends along the row direction.

[0010] In one possible embodiment, in the base station antenna provided in the present application, the number of second decoupling components in each decoupling assembly is two, and the two second decoupling components are arranged on both sides of the first decoupling component along the row direction, so that two adjacent radiation units along the row direction share the second decoupling component.

[0011] In one possible embodiment, in the base station antenna provided by the present application, the number of third decoupling components in each decoupling assembly is two, and the two third decoupling components are arranged on both sides of the first decoupling component along the column direction, so that two adjacent radiation units along the column direction share the third decoupling component.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the base station antenna provided in the present application, the decoupling arm, the second decoupling component, and the third decoupling component all include multiple metal sheets, the metal sheets are square, and the side length of the metal sheets is less than 1 / 3 of the working wavelength of the radiator.

[0013] In a possible implementation, in the base station antenna provided in the present application, the spacing between the decoupling unit and the radiation unit is between 1 / 3 of the working wavelength and 1 / 4 of the working wavelength.

[0014] In a possible embodiment, the base station antenna provided in the present application has a radiator including a radiating arm and an extension arm. The radiating arm is rectangular, and the extension arm extends along the diagonal of the radiating arm so that the side length of the radiating unit is less than 1 / 3 of the working wavelength.

[0015] In a possible implementation, the base station antenna provided in the present application further includes a metal baffle, and the metal baffle is located between two adjacent radiation units along the row direction.

[0016] In one possible embodiment, the base station antenna provided in the present application, the radiation unit also includes two feeding elements, the base station antenna also includes a base plate, the base plate is located below the reflector, and a coaxial cable is provided on the base plate. One end of the feeding element passes through the reflector and is connected to the coaxial cable, and the other end of the feeding element is connected to the radiator to feed the radiator.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the base station antenna provided in the present application, the radiation unit further includes a balun, and the balun is used to shield the coupling between the two feeding elements.

[0018] In a possible implementation, the base station antenna provided in the present application, the radiation unit further includes a base, and the balun is connected to the reflector via the base.

[0019] The present application provides a base station antenna, which comprises a reflector, a decoupling unit, and multiple radiating units. The multiple radiating units are arranged in rows and columns on the reflector, and the decoupling unit is located above the multiple radiating units. The decoupling unit includes a substrate and multiple decoupling components located on the substrate, and the decoupling components are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the radiating units. The decoupling unit is a single-layer printed circuit board, which makes the decoupling unit cost-effective. The decoupling component includes a first decoupling member, a second decoupling member, and a third decoupling member. The radiating unit includes two orthogonal radiators. The first decoupling element includes two orthogonal decoupling arms, each extending in the same direction as the polarization direction of the two radiators. This ensures that the first decoupling element has good in-column and in-column polarization isolation. The second decoupling element extends at a 45° angle to the polarization direction and along the column direction, further improving in-column and in-column polarization isolation. The third decoupling element extends at a 45° angle to the polarization direction and along the row direction, achieving good in-column polarization isolation. Thus, the arrangement of the first, second, and third decoupling elements in the decoupling assembly is determined based on the polarization directions of the radiators in the radiating units, ensuring that the decoupling assembly has good in-column polarization isolation, different-column polarization isolation, and same-column polarization isolation. The decoupling assembly prevents mutual interference between adjacent radiating units from multiple directions, resulting in a good decoupling effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief introduction will be given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0021] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a decoupling unit in a base station antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the decoupling effect of the decoupling unit in the antenna base station provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a single decoupling component of a decoupling unit in a base station antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a radiation unit in a base station antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] FIG6 is a first comparison diagram of the co-polarization isolation between different columns of a base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application and related technologies;

[0027] FIG7 is a second comparison diagram of the co-polarization isolation between different columns in a base station antenna according to an embodiment of the present application and related technologies;

[0028] FIG8 is a comparison diagram of different-column and different-polarization isolation in a base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application and related technologies;

[0029] FIG9 is a comparison diagram of the same-column different-polarization isolation in a base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application and related technologies;

[0030] FIG10 is a side view of a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the explosion of FIG5 .

[0032] Description of reference numerals:

[0033] 100-base station antenna;

[0034] 110-reflector;

[0035] 120-decoupling unit;

[0036] 121-Substrate;

[0037] 122 - decoupling assembly; 1221 - first decoupling member; 1221a - first decoupling arm; 1221b - second decoupling arm; 1222 - second decoupling member; 1223 - third decoupling member; 1224 - metal sheet;

[0038] 130-radiation unit; 130a-first radiation unit; 130b-second radiation unit; 130c-third radiation unit;

[0039] 131- radiator; 1311- first radiator; 1312- second radiator; 1313- radiating arm; 1314- extension arm; 1315- parasitic branch;

[0040] 132-feeding element; 1321-insulating element;

[0041] 133-Barron;

[0042] 134-base;

[0043] 140-support member;

[0044] 150-metal baffle;

[0045] 160-base plate;

[0046] C-column direction; C1-first column; C2-second column; C3-third column; C4-fourth column;

[0047] R-row direction; R1-first row; R2-second row; R3-third row; R4-fourth row;

[0048] P1-first feeding point;

[0049] P2-second feeding point;

[0050] X1-first polarization direction;

[0051] X2-second polarization direction;

[0052] D1 - first spacing;

[0053] L1-first side length;

[0054] L2 - second side length. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0056] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to a fixed connection, an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, internal communication between two components, or an interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0057] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0058] The terms "first," "second," and "third" (if any) in the specification and claims of this application and the accompanying drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a particular order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the application described herein can, for example, be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0059] In addition, the terms "comprises" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or service tool that includes a series of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, product or service tool.

[0060] As demands for higher transmission rates and higher capacity increase during communications, base station antennas based on MIMO technology are becoming increasingly widespread. MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) technology uses multiple transmit and receive antennas at the transmitter and receiver, respectively, allowing signals to be transmitted and received via these antennas, thereby increasing transmission rates and capacity.

[0061] Base station antennas can increase data transmission rates and capacity while reducing interference with neighboring cells. Base station antennas include multiple radiating elements. As the transmission rate and capacity of base station antennas increase, the number of radiating elements in a base station antenna increases. However, due to limitations in installation space and mounting methods, the outer dimensions of base station antennas are difficult to increase, resulting in increasingly smaller spacing between radiating elements. This reduced spacing between radiating elements increases electromagnetic interference between them. In related technologies, decoupling structures can be placed above the radiating elements to reduce electromagnetic interference between them.

[0062] In related art 1, the decoupling structure includes multiple decoupling layers stacked on the radiating elements. Each decoupling layer is provided with a decoupling element, and the decoupling elements in each decoupling layer have different structures and arrangement directions to reduce electromagnetic interference between the radiating elements. The multiple decoupling layers and the different decoupling elements in each decoupling layer in the decoupling structure complicate the processing of the decoupling structure, resulting in high processing costs and a high cost of the decoupling structure.

[0063] In the second related technology, the decoupling structure includes a decoupling layer, in which a decoupling component is provided. The provision of a decoupling layer reduces the cost of the decoupling structure, but the decoupling structure has a smaller ability to reduce electromagnetic interference, resulting in a poor decoupling effect of the decoupling structure.

[0064] Therefore, it is difficult for the decoupling structure in the base station antenna to solve both the problems of high cost and poor decoupling effect at the same time.

[0065] Based on this, an embodiment of the present application provides a base station antenna, in which a decoupling unit has a low cost and a good decoupling effect.

[0066] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the decoupling unit in the base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the decoupling effect of the decoupling unit in the antenna base station provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a single decoupling component of the decoupling unit in the base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the radiation unit in the base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0067] 1 to 5 , the base station antenna 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application includes a reflector 110, a decoupling unit 120, and a plurality of radiating units 130. The plurality of radiating units 130 are arranged in rows and columns on the reflector 110, and the decoupling unit 120 is located above the plurality of radiating units 130. The decoupling unit 120 includes a substrate 121 and a plurality of decoupling components 122 located on the substrate 121. The decoupling components 122 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the radiating units 130. The decoupling component 122 includes a first decoupling member 1221. , a second decoupling element 1222 and a third decoupling element 1223; the radiation unit 130 includes two orthogonal radiators 131; the first decoupling element 1221 includes two orthogonal decoupling arms, and the extension directions of the two decoupling arms are respectively consistent with the polarization directions of the two radiators 131; the extension direction of the second decoupling element 1222 is at an angle of 45° to the polarization direction and the second decoupling element 1222 extends along the column direction C; the third decoupling element 1223 is at an angle of 45° to the polarization direction and the third decoupling element 1223 extends along the row direction R.

[0068] Specifically, the reflector 110 is used to support multiple radiating elements 130 and reflect electromagnetic waves from the radiating elements 130, preventing them from leaking out of the reflector 110. The multiple radiating elements 130 are arranged in rows and columns on the reflector 110, with the row direction represented by R and the column direction represented by C. In this embodiment of the present application, the radiating elements 130 in the base station antenna 100 are arranged in four rows by four columns. The four rows are the first row R1, the second row R2, the third row R3, and the fourth row R4, and the four columns are the first column C1, the second column C2, the third column C3, and the fourth column C4. Figure 1 shows only the four radiating elements 130 in the first row R1 and the four decoupling assemblies 122 corresponding to the radiating elements 130. Figure 2 shows four rows by four columns of decoupling assemblies 122, and Figure 3 shows four rows by four columns of radiating elements 130. In Figure 3, two radiators 131 in the radiating elements 130 are represented by two orthogonal lines.

[0069] The electromagnetic waves emitted by the radiating elements 130 in each row may interfere with the electromagnetic waves emitted by the radiating elements 130 in other rows. For example, the electromagnetic waves generated by the radiating elements 130 in the second row R2 may interfere with the electromagnetic waves generated by the radiating elements 130 in the first row R1 and the third row R3. The electromagnetic waves emitted by the radiating elements 130 in each column may interfere with the electromagnetic waves emitted by the radiating elements 130 in other columns. For example, the electromagnetic waves generated by the radiating elements 130 in the second column C2 may interfere with the electromagnetic waves generated by the radiating elements 130 in the first column C1 and the third column C3.

[0070] 5 , each radiation unit 130 includes two orthogonal radiators 131, which are respectively shown as a first radiator 1311 and a second radiator 1312. The first polarization direction X1 of the first radiator 1311 and the second polarization direction X2 of the second radiator 1312 are orthogonal.

[0071] In the embodiment of the present application, the decoupling unit 120 is provided to reduce the mutual interference between the radiation units 130 or reduce the interference between the first radiator 1311 and the second radiator 1312 in the radiation unit 130 .

[0072] Continuing with Figures 1 and 2 , the decoupling unit 120 can be a single-layer printed circuit board located above the multiple radiating units 130. The decoupling unit 120 includes a substrate 121 and a decoupling component 122 located on the substrate 121. The base material of the substrate 121 is the base material of the printed circuit board, and the decoupling component 122 can be a metal layer on the substrate 121. The cost and processing difficulty of a printed circuit board are determined by the number of layers of the printed circuit board. In the embodiment of the present application, the decoupling unit 120 is a single-layer printed circuit board. Compared to the multi-layer decoupling structure provided in the related art, the cost of the decoupling unit 120 in the base station antenna 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application is lower. The substrate 121 can be fixed to the reflector 110 via a support 140.

[0073] In the embodiment of the present application, the structure of the decoupling component 122 is arranged according to the structure of the radiator 131 , so that the decoupling unit 120 has a better decoupling effect.

[0074] Specifically, a radiation unit 130 in the first column C1 in FIG3 is identified as a first radiation unit 130a, and a radiation unit 130 in the second column C2 in FIG3 is identified as a second radiation unit 130b as an example to illustrate the decoupling process of the decoupling component 122. The decoupling component 122 is shown only on the first radiation unit 130.

[0075] First, the working process of the first decoupling element 1221 is described.

[0076] 2 to 4 , the first decoupling element 1221 is provided with two orthogonal decoupling arms, namely a first decoupling arm 1221a and a second decoupling arm 1221b. The extension direction of the first decoupling arm 1221a is the same as the first polarization direction X1, and the extension direction of the second decoupling arm 1221b is the same as the second polarization direction X2.

[0077] Because the extension direction of the first decoupling arm 1221a is the same as the first polarization direction X1, the first radiator 1311 in the first radiating unit 130a emits a first electromagnetic wave. The first decoupling arm 1221a located above the first radiating unit 130a reflects a portion of the first electromagnetic wave. The reflected first electromagnetic wave can offset the portion of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the first radiator 1311 in the second radiating unit 130b. As a result, interference of the first electromagnetic wave emitted by the first radiator 1311 in the first radiating unit 130a on the first radiating unit 130b can be reduced.

[0078] The first radiating element 130a and the second radiating element 130b are located in different columns. The first radiator 1311 in the first radiating element 130a and the first radiator 1311 in the second radiating element 130b have the same polarization direction. The ability of the first decoupling arm 1221a to reduce interference caused by the first radiator 1311 in the first radiating element 130a to the first radiator 1311 in the second radiating element 130b is called different-column co-polarization isolation. By aligning the first decoupling arm 1221a in the first decoupling element 1221 with the first polarization direction X1, the decoupling assembly 122 has good different-column co-polarization isolation.

[0079] The process of forming the different-column co-polarization isolation by the second decoupling arm 1221 b is the same as the process of forming the different-column co-polarization isolation by the first decoupling arm 1221 a , and will not be described in detail here.

[0080] Because the extension direction of the first decoupling arm 1221a is orthogonal to the second polarization direction X2, the second radiator 1312 in the first radiating element 130a emits a second electromagnetic wave. The first decoupling arm 1221a located above the first radiating element 130a reflects a portion of the second electromagnetic wave. The reflected second electromagnetic wave can also offset a portion of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the first radiator 1311 in the second radiating element 130b. As a result, interference from the first electromagnetic wave emitted by the second radiator 1312 in the first radiating element 130a on the first radiating element 1311 in the second radiating element 130b can be reduced.

[0081] The first radiating element 130a and the second radiating element 130b are located in different columns. The second radiator 1312 in the first radiating element 130a and the first radiator 1311 in the second radiating element 130b have different polarization directions. The ability of the first decoupling arm 1221a to reduce interference caused by the second radiator 1312 in the first radiating element 130a to the first radiator 1311 in the second radiating element 130b is known as out-of-column polarization isolation. By aligning the first decoupling arm 1221a in the first decoupling element 1221 with the second polarization direction X2, the decoupling assembly 122 has improved out-of-column polarization isolation.

[0082] The process of forming different-column different-polarization isolation by the second decoupling arm 1221 b is the same as the process of forming different-column different-polarization isolation by the first decoupling arm 1221 a , and will not be described in detail here.

[0083] Next, the working process of the second decoupling element 1222 is described.

[0084] Continuing with Figures 2 to 4 , since the extension direction of the second decoupling element 1222 forms a 45° angle with both the first polarization direction X1 and the second polarization direction X2, and since the second decoupling element 1222 extends along the column direction C, the second decoupling element 1222 can reduce mutual interference between radiating elements 130 in different columns. Specifically, the electromagnetic waves reflected by the second decoupling element 1222 located above the first radiating element 130a can offset some of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the first radiator 1311 and the second radiator 1312 in the second radiating element 130b, thereby further improving the different-column same-polarization isolation and different-column different-polarization isolation.

[0085] Finally, the working process of the third decoupling element 1223 is described.

[0086] Please continue to refer to Figures 2 to 4. Since the third decoupling element 1223 forms a 45° angle with the first polarization direction X1 and the second polarization direction X2 and the third decoupling element 1223 extends along the row direction R, that is, the third decoupling element 1223 can reduce mutual interference between the radiation units 130 in different rows.

[0087] Continuing with FIG3 , a radiating element in the second row R2 is selected as the third radiating element 130c. The third decoupling element 1223 located above the first radiating element 130a can prevent the first radiator 1311 in the first radiating element 130a from interfering with the second radiator 1312 in the third radiating element 130c, or can prevent the second radiator 1312 in the first radiating element 130a from interfering with the first radiator 1311 in the third radiating element 130c.

[0088] It should be noted that, in the radiating elements 130 in the same column, the first radiators 1311 are connected to the same feed point, and the second radiators 1312 are connected to another feed point. For example, in Figure 4, the first radiators 1311 in all radiating elements 130 in the first column C1 are connected to the first feed point P1, and the second radiators 1312 in all radiating elements 130 in the first column C1 are connected to the second feed point P2. In other words, in different radiating elements 130 in the same column, anti-interference between the first radiators 1311 and the second radiators 1312 do not need to be anti-interference.

[0089] The first radiating element 130a and the third radiating element 130c are located in the same column. The first radiator 1311 in the first radiating element 130a and the second radiator 1312 in the third radiating element 130c have different polarization directions (or, the second radiator 1312 in the first radiating element 130a and the first radiator 1311 in the third radiating element 130c have different polarization directions). The third decoupling element 1223 can reduce the ability of the first radiator 1311 in the first radiating element 130a to interfere with the second radiator 1312 in the third radiating element 130c (or, reduce the ability of the second radiator 1312 in the first radiating element 130a to interfere with the first radiator 1311 in the third radiating element 130c). This is called same-column different-polarization isolation. By making the third decoupling element 1223 form an angle of 45° with the first polarization direction X1 and the second polarization direction X2 and extending along the row direction R, the decoupling component 122 can have good same-column different-polarization isolation.

[0090] The decoupling component 122 in the decoupling unit 120 provided in the embodiment of the present application is configured to arrange the first decoupling component 1221, the second decoupling component 1222, and the third decoupling component 1223 in the decoupling component 122 according to the polarization direction of the radiating unit 130, so that the decoupling component 122 has good different-column same-polarization isolation, different-column different-polarization isolation, and same-column different-polarization isolation. The decoupling component 122 prevents mutual interference between adjacent radiating units from multiple directions, so that the decoupling component 122 has a good decoupling effect.

[0091] Figure 6 is a comparison diagram of the different-column co-polarization isolation in the base station antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application and the related art; Figure 7 is a comparison diagram of the different-column co-polarization isolation in the base station antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application and the related art; Figure 8 is a comparison diagram of the different-column different-polarization isolation in the base station antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application and the related art; Figure 9 is a comparison diagram of the same-column different-polarization isolation in the base station antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application and the related art. The horizontal axis in Figures 6 to 9 represents the frequency range of the electromagnetic wave, and the vertical axis represents the magnitude of the isolation. The larger the absolute value of the numerical value in the vertical axis, the greater the isolation. The WI ADS curve represents the decoupling structure provided by the embodiment of the present application (with Antenna Decoupling surface), and the WO ADS represents the decoupling structure provided by the embodiment of the present application (without Antenna Decoupling surface).

[0092] 5 to 8 , by setting the decoupling structure provided in the embodiment of the application, the base station antenna has greater in-column co-polarization isolation, in-column different-polarization isolation, and in-column different-polarization isolation within the operating frequency range (1.71 GHz-2.170 GHz) than those in the related art, and the decoupling unit 120 has a better decoupling effect.

[0093] The base station antenna 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application comprises a reflector 110, a decoupling unit 120, and multiple radiating units 130. The multiple radiating units 130 are arranged in rows and columns on the reflector 110, with the decoupling unit 120 positioned above the multiple radiating units 130. The decoupling unit 120 includes a substrate 121 and multiple decoupling components 122 positioned on the substrate 121, with each decoupling component 122 corresponding to each radiating unit 130. The decoupling unit 120 is a single-layer printed circuit board, which reduces the cost of the decoupling unit 120. The decoupling component 122 includes a first decoupling element 1221, a second decoupling element 1222, and a third decoupling element 1223. The radiating unit 130 includes two orthogonal radiators 131. The first decoupling element 1221 includes two orthogonal decoupling arms, the extension directions of which are respectively consistent with the polarization directions of the two radiators 131, so that the first decoupling element 1221 has good different-column same-polarization isolation and different-column different-polarization isolation. The second decoupling element 1222 extends at a 45° angle to the polarization direction and extends along the column direction C. The second decoupling element 1222 can further improve the different-column same-polarization isolation and different-column different-polarization isolation. The third decoupling element 1223 extends at a 45° angle to the polarization direction and extends along the row direction R. The third decoupling element 1223 has good same-column different-polarization isolation. Therefore, according to the polarization direction of the radiator 131 in the radiation unit 130, the arrangement of the first decoupling component 1221, the second decoupling component 1222 and the third decoupling component 1223 in the decoupling component 122 is set, so that the decoupling component 122 has good different-column same-polarization isolation, different-column different-polarization isolation and same-column different-polarization isolation. The decoupling component 122 prevents mutual interference between adjacent radiation units from multiple directions, so that the decoupling component 122 has a good decoupling effect.

[0094] Please continue to refer to Figures 2 and 4. There are two second decoupling elements 1222 in each decoupling component 122. The two second decoupling elements 1222 are arranged on both sides of the first decoupling element 1221 along the row direction R, so that two adjacent radiation units 130 along the row direction R share the second decoupling element 1222.

[0095] In FIG2 , a decoupling component 122 is outlined by a dotted line frame. A first decoupling element 1221 and a second decoupling element 1222 are arranged along the row direction R on the substrate 121. The first decoupling element 1221 is aligned with the radiating element 130. Only one second decoupling element 1222 is required between two adjacent first decoupling elements 1221. This simplifies the structure of the decoupling unit 120 and reduces the cost of the decoupling unit 120.

[0096] Please continue to refer to Figures 1 to 4. There are two third decoupling components 1223 in each decoupling assembly 122. The two third decoupling components 1223 are arranged on both sides of the first decoupling component 1221 along the column direction C, so that two adjacent radiation units 130 along the column direction C share the third decoupling component 1223.

[0097] The first decoupling element 1221 and the third decoupling element 1223 are arranged along the column direction C on the substrate 121, wherein the first decoupling element 1221 is aligned with the radiation unit 130, and only one third decoupling element 1223 is required to be provided between two adjacent first decoupling elements 1221, thereby simplifying the structure of the decoupling unit 120 and reducing the cost of the decoupling unit 120.

[0098] 5 , the decoupling arm, the second decoupling element 1222 and the third decoupling element 1223 all include a plurality of metal sheets 1224 . The metal sheets 1224 are square, and the side length of the metal sheets 1224 is less than 1 / 3 of the working wavelength λ of the radiator 131 .

[0099] The operating wavelength λ of the radiator 131 in the frequency range of 1.71 GHz to 2.170 GHz can be 100 mm to 200 mm. In order to avoid resonance between the electromagnetic waves reflected by the decoupling component 122 and the electromagnetic waves emitted by the radiation unit 130, it is necessary to make the size of the continuous pattern in the first decoupling arm 1221a, the second decoupling arm 1221b, the second decoupling component 1222 and the third decoupling component 1223 less than 1 / 3 of the operating wavelength λ.

[0100] Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the first decoupling arm 1221a, the second decoupling arm 1221b, the second decoupling member 1222 and the third decoupling member 1223 are arranged on the substrate 121 to form a decoupling member composed of a plurality of square metal sheets 1224, and the length of the longest side of the metal sheet 1224 is the first side length L1, so that the first side length L1 is less than 1 / 3 of the working wavelength λ, thereby preventing the electromagnetic waves reflected by the decoupling component 122 from resonating with the electromagnetic waves emitted by the radiation unit 130.

[0101] In addition, setting the first side length L1 of the metal sheet 1224 to be less than 1 / 3 of the working wavelength λ can also make the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave reflected by the decoupling component 122 close to the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radiation unit 130, thereby making the electromagnetic wave reflected by the decoupling component 122 and the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radiation unit 130 better offset.

[0102] FIG10 is a side view of a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0103] As shown in FIG10 , the distance between the decoupling unit 120 and the radiation unit 130 is between 1 / 3 of the working wavelength λ and 1 / 4 of the working wavelength λ.

[0104] The length of the support member 140 is greater than the height of the radiation unit 130 , so that a first distance D1 exists between the decoupling unit 120 supported by the support member 140 and the radiation unit 130 .

[0105] The length of the support member 140 is adjusted so that the first spacing D1 is between 1 / 3 of the working wavelength λ and 1 / 4 of the working wavelength λ. As a result, the phase difference between the electromagnetic wave reflected by the decoupling component 122 and the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radiation unit 130 can be maintained at around 180°, so that the electromagnetic wave reflected by the decoupling component 122 and the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radiation unit 130 can be better offset.

[0106] Continuing to refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 10 , the base station antenna 100 further includes a metal baffle 150 . The metal baffle 150 is located between two adjacent radiation units 130 along the row direction R.

[0107] The metal baffle 150 extends along the column direction C. The metal baffle 150 can also reduce interference between the radiation units 130 in different columns.

[0108] Next, the specific structure of the radiation unit 130 is described.

[0109] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the explosion of FIG5 .

[0110] 5 and 11 , the radiator 131 includes a radiating arm 1313 and an extension arm 1314 . The radiating arm 1313 is rectangular, and the extension arm 1314 extends along a diagonal line of the radiating arm 1313 , so that the side length of the radiating unit 130 is less than 1 / 3 of the operating wavelength.

[0111] The first radiator 1311 and the second radiator 1312 include two radiating arms 1313 , each of which is rectangular. One radiating arm 1313 in the first radiator 1311 and one radiating arm 1313 in the second radiator 1312 form a side of the radiation unit 130 , and the side length of the side is the second side length L2 .

[0112] Each radiating arm 1313 is provided with an extension arm 1314 extending diagonally along the radiating arm 1313. This extension arm 1314 can extend the path of current in the radiating arm 1313, making the second side length L2 of the radiating element 130 less than 1 / 3 of the operating wavelength λ. This reduces the volume occupied by a single radiating element 130. Furthermore, each radiating arm 1313 is provided with a parasitic stub 1315, which can also extend the path of current in the radiating arm 1313. Given the limited outer dimensions of the base station antenna 100, reducing the volume occupied by a single radiating element 130 can increase the spacing between adjacent radiating elements 130, thereby reducing interference between the two adjacent radiating elements 130.

[0113] Please continue to refer to Figures 1, 10 and 11. The radiation unit 130 also includes two feeding elements 132. The base station antenna 100 also includes a base plate 160. The base plate 160 is located below the reflector 110. There is a coaxial cable (not marked in the figure) on the base plate 160. One end of the feeding element 132 passes through the reflector 110 and is connected to the coaxial cable. The other end of the feeding element 132 is connected to the radiator 131 to feed the radiator 131.

[0114] One of the feeders 132 is used to feed the first radiator 1311, and the other feeder 132 is used to feed the second radiator 1312. The feeders 132 that feed the first radiators 1311 in the same column of radiating elements 130 are connected to the same coaxial cable on the base plate 160 (i.e., the first feeding point P1 described above), and the feeders 132 that feed the second radiators 1312 in the same column of radiating elements 130 are connected to the same coaxial cable on the base plate 160 (i.e., the second feeding point P2 described above).

[0115] 5 and 11 , the radiation unit 130 further includes a balun 133 , which is used to shield the coupling between the two feeding elements 132 .

[0116] The balun 133 can be integrally die-cast with the radiating arm 1313 , and the feeder 132 is disposed in the balun 133 . An insulating member 1321 is provided on the feeder 132 to insulate the feeder 132 from the balun 133 . The balun 133 can reduce mutual interference between the two feeders 132 .

[0117] Continuing to refer to FIG. 5 and FIG. 11 , the radiation unit 130 further includes a base 134 , and the balun 133 is connected to the reflector 110 via the base 134 .

[0118] The balun 133 is fixed on the base 134 , and is thus connected to the reflector 110 through the base 134 .

[0119] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A base station antenna, characterized in that: It comprises a reflecting plate, a decoupling unit and a plurality of radiating units, wherein the plurality of radiating units are arranged in rows and columns on the reflecting plate, and the decoupling unit is located above the plurality of radiating units; the decoupling unit comprises a substrate and a plurality of decoupling components located on the substrate, and the decoupling components are arranged one by one corresponding to the radiating units; the decoupling components comprise a first decoupling member, a second decoupling member and a third decoupling member; and the radiating unit comprises two orthogonal radiators; The first decoupling component comprises two orthogonal decoupling arms, and the extension directions of the two decoupling arms are respectively consistent with the polarization directions of the two radiators; An extension direction of the second decoupling element forms an angle of 45° with the polarization direction and the second decoupling element extends along the column direction; an extension direction of the third decoupling element forms an angle of 45° with the polarization direction and the third decoupling element extends along the row direction.

2. The base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the second decoupling components in each decoupling assembly is two, and the two second decoupling components are arranged on both sides of the first decoupling component along the row direction, so that two adjacent radiation units along the row direction share the second decoupling component.

3. The base station antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of the third decoupling components in each decoupling assembly is two, and the two third decoupling components are arranged on both sides of the first decoupling component along the column direction, so that two adjacent radiation units along the column direction share the third decoupling component.

4. The base station antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The decoupling arm, the second decoupling component and the third decoupling component each include a plurality of metal sheets, the metal sheets are square, and the side length of the metal sheets is less than 1 / 3 of the working wavelength of the radiator.

5. The base station antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The distance between the decoupling unit and the radiation unit is between 1 / 3 of the working wavelength and 1 / 4 of the working wavelength.

6. The base station antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The radiator comprises a radiating arm and an extending arm, wherein the radiating arm is rectangular and the extending arm extends along a diagonal line of the radiating arm so that the side length of the radiating unit is less than 1 / 3 of the working wavelength.

7. The base station antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The base station antenna further includes a metal baffle, and the metal baffle is located between two adjacent radiation units along the row direction.

8. The base station antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The radiation unit also includes two feeding elements, and the base station antenna also includes a bottom plate, which is located below the reflecting plate. A coaxial cable is provided on the bottom plate, one end of the feeding element passes through the reflecting plate and is connected to the coaxial cable, and the other end of the feeding element is connected to the radiator to feed the radiator.

9. The base station antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that: The radiation unit further includes a balun, and the balun is used to shield the coupling between the two feeding elements.

10. The base station antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The radiation unit further includes a base, and the balun is connected to the reflection plate via the base.

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