Amine purification in a carbon capture method using MOF bodies

Abstract

A system for capturing CO2 from a feed gas, including a CO2 absorption unit, a washing unit, and an adsorption unit. The CO2 absorption unit has an absorption section and a first inlet to receive the feed gas and a second inlet to receive an amine-containing solvent having properties for loading CO2. A first outlet drains a CO2-rich solvent, a second outlet drains a CO2-lean gas stream with less CO2 than the feed gas. The wash unit includes a washing section with an inlet to receive the CO2-lean gas stream and a second inlet for a washing liquid. A first outlet drains a loaded washing liquid with amines from the CO2-lean stream, and a second outlet for cleaned gas with reduced amine concentration. The adsorption unit has a vessel containing MOF bodies to extract amine from the loaded washing liquid.

Description

IS23.1600-WO-PCT AMINE PURIFICATION IN A CARBON CAPTURE METHOD USING MOF BODIES CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present disclosure claims priority from US Provisional Application No.63 / 613193, filed December 21, 2023, entitled “Amine Purification in a Carbon Capture Method Using MOF Bodies”, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. Background

[0002] CO2 capture using an amine solvent is customary. Such capture method includes absorbing CO2 from a feed gas in an amine solvent using an absorber to obtain a CO2- depleted gas stream (with reduced CO2 concentration compared to the feed gas) and a loaded solvent. The loaded solvent is then directed to a regenerator where CO2 is separated from the loaded solvent and incorporated into a product gas feed for CO2 conditioning such as compression, liquefaction, etc.

[0003] In the process of capturing CO2 using amine-based solvents, a significant concern is the atmospheric emission of amine compounds. These emissions, primarily resulting from the volatility of amines, occur when they escape with the CO2-depleted gas stream. Such emissions are highly undesirable due to the presence of harmful chemicals, including amines and nitrosamines. Notably, nitrosamines, formed within the amine solvent loop of post- combustion carbon capture systems, are recognized as potent carcinogens, posing serious risks to both the environment and human health.

[0004] To address this issue, the incorporation of a water wash stage to wash the CO2- depleted gas stream before release into the environment is common practice. The water wash stage aims to eliminate residual amines from the gas stream, thus reducing emissions. After the water wash, the CO2-depleted gas stream generally has a reduced amine concentration and the amine dissolve in water. The solubility of amines in water enables this stage to effectively capture these compounds, preventing their release into the environment.

[0005] However, the water wash stage may not always effectively remove all traces of amines. Inefficiencies in amine removal can arise from various factors, including the design of the water wash system, amine concentration, and the specific type of amine used.

[0006] For example: Studies have reported that water wash is not always efficient for volatile solvents such as 0% 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), piperazine (PZ) / 1-(2- Hydroxyethyl)piperidine (HEPD), MEA / N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) water-lean solvent, and 2- (diethylamino)ethanol (DEEA) / 2-((2-aminoethyl) amino) ethanol (AEEA) biphasic solventIS23.1600-WO-PCT Improvements for further amine reduction can be brought by using acid wash and 2-stage washing. Additionally, even a 2-stage water wash may not be effective to suppress emissions for water-lean systems using methylamine, ammonia, and nitrosamines. Summary.

[0007] The disclosure relates to integrating an additional treatment stage for amine removal in order purify the solvent used for washing the CO2 depleted gas stream. Such treatment stage may involve a sorbent bed.

[0008] Sorbent beds used in this context typically comprise materials with a high affinity for amine molecules, such as ion-exchange resins, porous polymers, zeolites, silica, alumina, and activated carbon. These materials adsorb amine compounds onto their surfaces, thus efficiently removing them from the gas stream. Selection criteria for sorbents include hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, the surface pKa of the sorbent, and the chemical structure of the parent amine and nitrosamine. Another important selection criterion is the ease to regenerate the sorbent. Sorbent regeneration is often conducted with steam injection, which desorbs the chemical (in this case, amine and amine-degraded product) from the surface of the sorbent bed.

[0009] Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), notable for their innovative and customizable structures, have demonstrated effectiveness in adsorbing nitrosamines, a compound class known for its health hazards. MOFs' efficiency is attributed to their unique structure, comprising metal nodes linked by organic connectors, forming a highly porous, three- dimensional lattice. This structure endows MOFs with a substantial surface area, essential for adsorption processes. Additionally, the pore sizes and surface functionalities of MOFs can be tailored during synthesis to target specific molecules like nitrosamines, enabling selective capture and high-efficiency removal from various media, including water and air.

[0010] Zr-based MOFs have been reporting to preferentially adsorb nitrosamine. For instance, articles report preparing 8-aminocaprylic acid doped UIO-66 (Am-UIO-66), demonstrating high adsorption capacity of nitrosamines. In addition to their high adsorption capacity, the Zr6 clusters of Zr-based MOFs give them high chemical, thermal and mechanical stability compared to other materials.

[0011] As discussed above, some MOF compositions may be used as a sorbent for amine purification. However, MOFs generally have powdered morphologies. This makes itIS23.1600-WO-PCT impractical to use the MOF in the extraction process with an liquid as it complicates the separation of the sorbent and the purified stream and complexifies the purification stage.

[0012] The disclosure relates to using MOF bodies having a specific structure to improve the amine purification. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0013] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein

[0014] FIG.1 is a block diagram of a carbon dioxide (CO2) capture system;

[0015] FIG.2 is a diagram of an adsorption / desorption device having MOF bodies for use with a CO2 capture system; and

[0016] FIGS.3A and 3B are diagrams of a CO2 capture system having a washing system and the adsorption / desorption device. Detailed Description:

[0017] So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the disclosure, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the drawings. It is to be noted; however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this disclosure and are; therefore, not be considered limiting of its scope, for the disclosure may admit to other equally effective embodiments.

[0018] In the following, reference is made to embodiments of the disclosure. It should be understood; however, that the disclosure is not limited to specific described embodiments. Instead, any combination of the following features and elements, whether related to different embodiments or not, is contemplated to implement and practice the disclosure. Furthermore, although embodiments of the disclosure may achieve advantages over other possible solutions and / or over the prior art, whether or not a particular advantage is achieved by a given embodiment is not limiting of the disclosure. Thus, the following aspects, features, embodiments and advantages are merely illustrative and are not considered elements or limitations of the claims except where explicitly recited in a claim. Likewise, reference to “the disclosure” shall not be construed as a generalization of inventive subject matter disclosed herein and should not be considered to be an element or limitation of the claims except whereIS23.1600-WO-PCT explicitly recited in a claim.

[0019] Although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, components, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as “first”, “second” and other numerical terms, when used herein, do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed herein could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.

[0020] MOF composition

[0021] The present disclosure relates to a Metal-organic Framework (MOF) body and comprising one or more MOF crystals having properties selected to extract one or more amines from a solution, and having a volume over 0.1 mm3(optionally 1cm3). Therefore the MOF bodies may form beads usable in chemical extraction processes, such as adsorption / desorption.

[0022] In particular the MOF crystals have properties selected to extract one or more of nitrosamines.

[0023] Such MOF structure represents an advanced form of MOF materials, distinct from its conventional powdered counterparts and designated as m-MOF in the following. Such m- MOFs are essentially solid, continuous structures, often exhibiting porous architecture, offering several advantages including reduced pressure drop, enhanced mechanical stability, improved scalability and / or handling. Such m-MOF may have a larger volume than a powdered MOF, for instance a volume higher than 0.1 mm3, optionally 1 cm3.

[0024] The MOF crystals may be monocrystals. They may be oriented along different directions.

[0025] The MOF body may include a bonding agent that also includes a MOF, in particular of the same composition as the MOF crystals and enables to bind the MOF crystals together. Such bonding agent may consist of MOF. The bonding agent may however comprise at least a portion of the MOF in a non-crystallized, ie amorphous state.

[0026] The MOF contained in the bonding agent may be substantially the same MOF as the MOF crystals. Alternatively, the bonding agent may comprise a different MOF and / or aIS23.1600-WO-PCT plurality of MOFs.

[0027] The bonding agent may include additives. Such additives may be present in volume of less than 10% of the body volume, optionally less than 1%. Such additives may include nanoparticles.

[0028] The bonding agent is configured to have a high porosity to ensure exposure to the MOF crystals to the gas stream.

[0029] The MOF body has mechanical properties that are increased vs the MOF crystals, such as a greater Young’s modulus, and / or a greater density. The MOF body also has a stability over time that is increased vs the MOF crystals.

[0030] The MOF body may have a spherical shape, a disk shape, a tetrapod shape or any other appropriate shape.

[0031] The body may have a BET surface area of at least 500 m2g-1. However, it has a surface area lower than the surface area of the MOF crystals contained in the body. For instance the ration of the BET surface area of the MOF body vs the BET surface of at least one of the MOF crystals it contains may be contained between 0.6-0.9.

[0032] The MOF body may be monolithic.

[0033] The MOF body being immerged in water or organic, preferably has a high water stability or stability in organic solution.

[0034] One or more of the MOF crystals may include 8-aminocaprylic acid doped UIO-66 (Am- UIO-66).

[0035] m-MOF Manufacturing method.

[0036] The MOF bodies may be manufactured using a very simple process, including mixing MOF precursors (ie metal ion and ligand) in an appropriate solvent and drying at ambient conditions (optionally using mechanically enhanced drying methods). The drying stage may be performed in a mould so that the MOF bodies have a desired shape and size.

[0037] The MOF bodies (m-MOF) may also be manufactured as per the manufacturing stages outlined below. 1. Selecting MOF which has the composition designed to adsorb amines (such as disclosed above) 2. Including MOF powder into a restraining device, forming restrained MOF powder. 3. Compacting the MOF powder to form a large compacted organic framework body.IS23.1600-WO-PCT 4. Optionally breaking the large framework body into smaller bodies 5. Optionally, drying these small bodies. The method is designed to maintain the porosity of the MOFs while producing small bodies suitable for industrial scale production.

[0038] CO2 capture system and method

[0039] FIG.1 represents a carbon dioxide (CO2) capture system according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The system 100 includes an absorption section 102 having a first inlet to receive a feed gas, for instance obtained from a combustion operation, and a second inlet 104 to receive an amine-containing solvent. The amine-containing solvent may be aqueous (having water as the diluent), a non-aqueous solvent or a water-lean solvent (ie containing a small amount of water, but water not being the diluent).

[0040] The amine may for instance include one or more of 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), 3-Amino-1-propanol (AP), 4-Amino-1-butanol (AB), 1,4- diazabicyclo-undec-7-ene ("DBU"); l,4-diazabicyclo-2, 2, 2-octane; piperazine ("PZ"); triethylamine ("TEA"); 1,1,3,3- tetramethyl guanidine ("TMG"); 1,8- diazabicycloundec-7-ene; monoethanolamine ("MEA"); diethylamine ("DEA"); ethylenediamine ("EDA"); 1,3-diamino propane; 1,4-diaminobutane; hexamethylenediamine; 1,7-diaminoheptane; diethanolamine; diisopropylamine ("DIPA"); 4- aminopyridine; pentylamine; hexylamine; heptylamine; octylamine; nonylamine; decylamine; tert-octylamine; dioctylamine; dihexylamine; 2-ethyl- 1- hexylamine; 2-fluorophenethylamine; 3-fluorophenethyl amine; 3,5- difluorobenzylamine; N-methylbenzylamine; 3-fluoro-N- methylbenzylamine; 4- fluoro-N-methylbenzylamine; imidazole; benzimidazole; N-methyl imidazole; 1- trifluoroacetylimidazole; 1,2,3-triazole; 1,2,4-triazole; or mixtures thereof. In an embodiment, the amine includes primary or secondary amines selected from amines functionalized with fluorine-containing-alkyl-aromatic groups. In specific embodiments, theamine may be selected from the group consisting of 2-fluorophenethylamine, 3- fluorophenethylamine, 4-fluorophenethylamine, 2-fluoro-N-methylbenzylamine, 3-fluoro-N-30 methylbenzylamine, and 4-fluoro-N-methylbenzylamine, 2-fluorobenzylamine, 3- fluorobenzylamine, 4-fluorobenzylamine, 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11- heptadecafluoroundecylamine, 2,3-difluorobenzylamine, 2,4- difluorobenzylamine, 2,6- difluorobenzylamine, 3,4- difluorobenzylamine 3,5-di-fluorobenzylamine, 2- trifluoromethylbenzylamine, 3-trifluoromethylbenzylamine, 4-trifluoromethylbenzylamine, D-IS23.1600-WO-PCT 4-fluoro-alpha-methylbenzylamine, and L-4-fluoro-alpha-methylbenzylamine. In some embodiments, a primary or secondary amine that is not fluorinated is employed as a chemical absorbent, e.g., including but not limited to, N-methyl benzylamine (MBZA), N- methylnaphthylamine, N-methyl-1-naphthalenemethyl amine, 1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine, and combinations thereof.

[0041] In an embodiment, the diluent is an organic diluent selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ketones, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrogen heterocycles, oxygen heterocycles, aliphatic ethers, cyclic ethers, esters, and amides and mixtures thereof. For instance, the organic diluent may include polyethylene glycol di-alkyl ether, polyethylene glycol di-butyl ether, di-ethylene glycol di-butyl ether, tri-ethylene glycol di-butyl ether, tetra- ethylene glycol di-butyl ether, or mixtures thereof.

[0042] The amine-containing solvent and feed gas generally flow in a counter current fashion. The gas inlet 104 may therefore be on the bottom of the absorption section 102 so that the gas flow up the absorption section and the solvent inlet 106 may be on the top of the absorption so that the solvent flow down the absorption section via gravity. Once the absorption has been performed, a loaded solvent leaves the absorption section 102 via a first outlet 108 and a CO2-depleted gas stream leaves the absorption section via a second outlet 110. In this embodiment, the outlet 108 is situated at the bottom of the absorption section and the outlet 110 is situated at the top of the absorption section.

[0043] The loaded solvent is directed to a regenerator 112 via a first regenerator inlet 114, generally at the bottom, where it is flown in counter-current against a flow of steam that enters the regenerator via a second regenerator inlet 116, generally at the bottom of the regenerator. A product gas (ie the steam that has been loaded with the CO2 contained in the loaded solvent) exits the regenerator via a first regenerator outlet 118 , generally at the top of the regenerator, and is directed to conditioning (for instance, compression and liquefaction) and a lean solvent, unloaded from the CO2 it includes, exits the regenerator via a second outlet 120 (generally at the bottom of the regenerator). The lean solvent may be recirculated in the absorption section via the inlet 106.

[0044] In other embodiments not shown, the system may include additional elements such as several absorption and regeneration sections, condensation sections for condensing some of the steam in the product gas as liquid water and decrease the water concentration in the product gas, reclaiming section for contaminant removal in the solvent, heat exchange,IS23.1600-WO-PCT filtration, etc. Those elements are not described specifically in the current disclosure but the intent is that they are hereby covered in combination with the claimed features.

[0045] The CO2-depleted gas exiting the absorption section 102 via the outlet 110 is directed to a washing unit 122. The washing unit may include one or more wash sections for washing the CO2 depleted stream with one or more washing liquid. In an embodiment, one or more washing liquids may include water, optionally with additives. In an embodiment, one or more washing liquids may include an organic liquid such as tri-ethyleneglycol-di-butylether. In an embodiment, one or more washing liquids may include an acid such as carbonic acid.

[0046] The washing unit 122 in the embodiment of FIG.1 only includes one section and in fluid communication with the outlet 110 to include the CO2-depleted gas stream in the washing unit 122. The washing unit 122 also includes a washing liquid loop 124 including a washing liquid inlet 126 in which the washing liquid enters the washing unit 122, generally at the top of the washing unit 122, and an washing liquid outlet 128 in which the washing liquid exits the washing unit loaded with amines from the CO2-depleted gas stream and is pumped back to the washing unit via a pump (not shown). The CO2 and amine-depleted gas stream exits the washing unit via an outlet 130 situated at the top of the washing unit 122.

[0047] The washing unit may be in the same vessel as the absorption section.

[0048] The washing liquid loop is in fluid communication with an adsorption unit 132 including MOF bodies as has been described hereinabove. The adsorption unit 132 will be described in more details in relationship with FIG.2. Device for selective extraction of element of interest using MOF bodies – adsorption unit 132

[0049] An embodiment of the adsorption unit 132 is described in relationship with FIG.2.

[0050] As indicated above, the MOF bodies may be used as bead in an adsorption unit 132.

[0051] FIG.2 shows an example of adsorption / desorption devices (fixed bed). However, the MOF bodies may be used with different types of adsorption / desorption systems, including moving beds, etc. Those systems are known from the one of ordinary skill and are not described in details therein.

[0052] The device 132 includes a vessel 1002 containing a plurality of stacked MOF bodies 1004 according to one or more embodiments described hereinabove. In particular, the vessel is filled with MOF bodies. The vessel has at least an inlet and an outlet, wherein the one or more inlets are in fluid communication with a source 1010 for the washing liquid, ie connectedIS23.1600-WO-PCT to the outlet 128 of the washing liquid loop 124 and a source of an eluent 1012. The inlet(s) and outlet(s) are sized so that the MOF bodies remain in the vessel while the extraction feed and / or eluent flow into and out of the vessel. For instance, the inlet and / or outlet are equipped with filtration devices 1009 to prevent passage from the MOF bodies 1004 outside of the vessel 1002.

[0053] The inlet for the extraction feed may be located at one end, for instance longitudinal, such as upper, end of the vessel while the inlet for the eluent may be located at the other end of the vessel.

[0054] In an embodiment, the vessel has two fluid ports 1006, 1008. A first fluid port 1006 at the first longitudinal end of the vessel forms the inlet for the extraction feed 1022 in fluid communication with the source 1010. A second fluid port 1008, at the opposite longitudinal end of the fluid port, forms the outlet for the amine depleted stream 1023 (ie extraction feed that has been stripped of amine by the MOF bodies) and is in fluid communication with the inlet 126 of the washing liquid loop 124.

[0055] The second fluid port also forms the inlet for the eluent 1024 and is in fluid communication with the eluent source 1012. The first fluid port forms the outlet for the amine- rich feed (ie eluent loaded with amines stripped from the MOF bodies). The first fluid port is also in fluid communication with a tank 1016 for storing the amine-rich feed 1025.

[0056] The device may include a plurality of fluid circulation devices in order to connect the one or more inlets / outlets to different sources such as tanks. The fluid circulation devices may include valves and / or circulation pumps to control the flow of the extraction feed and / or eluent in the column.

[0057] For instance, the device 1000 may include a valve 1018 coupled with the first fluid port 1006 and a valve 1020 coupled with the second fluid port 1008. The valves enable to direct the direct the fluid in the desired path. The valve 1020 may be controlled to either direct the fluid from the tank 1012 to the vessel (as shown by the arrows 1024 representing eluent) and from the vessel to the tank 1016 (as shown by arrow 1025 representing amine-rich feed) or from the tank 1010 to the vessel (as shown by the arrows 1022 representing washing liquid stream) and from the vessel to the tank 1014 (as shown by the arrows 1023 representing the amine-depleted washing liquid).

[0058] The device may also include fluid circulation pumps 1026, 1028 to set the flows of the eluent and washing liquid respectively. Check valves may reduce or eliminate backflow.IS23.1600-WO-PCT

[0059] The device 132 may also include sensors, such as sensor for measuring concentration at one or more of the inlets / outlets of the vessel.

[0060] The device 132 may also include one or more controllers in order to control the device based on pre-calibrated parameter (such as a certain duration) or on measured parameters. For instance, the controller is able to switch the position of the valve and / or adjust the flow of the circulation pumps.

[0061] In the embodiment shown on FIG. 1, the device has a specific configuration (e.g., shared fluid ports 1006, 1008; counterflow of extraction feed 1022 and eluent 1024) but any other configuration enabling to extract element of interest from an extraction feed using MOF bodies is part of the current disclosure.

[0062] A few exemplary variants are outlined below: - The vessel includes more than one inlet / one outlet, - The flow of eluent and washing liquid are going in the same direction, - The device includes additional tank and piping to provide a rinsing fluid in the vessel between the washing liquid and eluent - The device includes a plurality of vessels containing MOF bodies. The vessels may operate in series and / or in parallel. The vessels may also be at different stages at the same time (for instance, the washing liquid is circulating in the first vessel and loading the MOF bodies with the element of interest while the eluent is circulating in a second vessel unloading the MOF bodies) so that the amine-depleted washing liquid may be fed continuously to the washing unit 122.

[0063] In an embodiment it is noted that the amine-rich stream obtained in the adsorption unit 132 may be mixed with the lean solvent directed to the absorber, as exemplified by the arrow 134 in FIG.1.

[0064] When the washing unit 122 includes several washing sections, the adsorption unit 132 may collect the washing liquid from one or more of the sections (especially if the washing liquid in each of the sections has the same composition) and process it altogether. In another embodiment, only the washing liquid circulating in a portion of the washing sections (for instance, the first) will be subjected to the adsorption and go through an adsorption unit. In another embodiment, the washing liquid from the different washing sections may go through distinct adsorption units, for instance a first washing liquid used in a first washing section circulates in a first adsorption unit and a second washing liquid used in a second washingIS23.1600-WO-PCT section circulates in a second adsorption unit.

[0065] In another embodiment, the washing liquid from a first washing section that has been purified using the adsorption unit is directed to another washing section, upstream or downstream of the first washing section.

[0066] The disclosure also shows another example of a method according to the embodiment of FIG. 3A / 3B. The same elements are labelled with the same references and only the differing elements are commented. The absorber is similar to the absorber 102 of FIG.1 but it includes three different absorption sections 102A, 102B and 102C, with optional intercooling stages.

[0067] The washing unit 122 in embodiment of FIG.3A includes 2 washing sections 122A and 122B in series, ie the CO2-depleted gas stream first circulates in the first washing section 122A in fluid communication with the absorber outlet 110 and exits the washing section with outlet 130B. The outlet 130A is in fluid communication with the second washing section 122B so that the gas stream exiting via the outlet 130A is introduced in the second washing section and exits the second washing section via outlet 130B. Each of the washing section also has an inlet for a washing liquid 126A, 126B and an outlet for such washing liquid 128A, 128B.

[0068] The first washing section 122 A includes a washing loop 124A with a pump 125 to recirculate a portion of the washing liquid in the first washing section 122A. Another portion of the washing liquid is directed to the absorption sections.

[0069] The second washing section outlet 128B is in fluid communication with the first washing section inlet 126A and with an adsorption unit 132, as will be described below.

[0070] The adsorption unit 132, as shown in more details on FIG.3B, includes two adsorption vessels 1002A and 1002B and a switch valve on top of the adsorption vessels (ie switch valve 1020) connected to both vessels and on the bottom of said vessels (ie switch valve 1018) also connected to both vessels. The adsorption unit is configured so that one vessel is in the adsorption stage while the other is in the desorption stage, ie the switch valve 1018 has a first, respectively second position, in which it connects a loaded liquid source 1010 coming from the outlet of the second wash section 128B via the pump 1026 to the first, respectively second, vessel via the first fluid line (respectively 1006A and 1006B), and an amine-free liquid line 1014, circulating the purified washing liquid output from the adsorption unit, to the second, respectively first vessel via the first fluid line (respectively 1006B and 1006A). The switch valve 1020 has a first, respectively second position, in which it connects a eluent lineIS23.1600-WO-PCT 1012 to the second, respectively first vessel, via the second fluid line (respectively 1008B and 1008A) to circulate the eluent via a pump 1028 in said vessel, and an amine-rich feed line 1016 exiting the amine-rich feed from the adsorption unit to the first, respectively, second vessel, via the second fluid line (respectively 1008A and 1008B). The switch valves are controlled via a common controller so that they both take their first, respectively second position simultaneously.

[0071] Therefore, the loaded washing liquid is circulated in the first vessel to yield the amine- depleted stream while the eluent is circulated in the second vessel to yield amine-rich stream.

[0072] In the embodiment of FIG.3A, the amine-depleted stream is returned to the second washing section 122B via an optional heat exchanger 140 and the amine-rich stream is directed to the first washing section 122A via an optional heat exchanger 142. The eluent is the washing liquid. The valve 1020 may also includes a position in which the washing liquid is directly provided to the second washing section 122B, without passing into the adsorption unit (especially to start the system).

[0073] Now turning to the regeneration of the solvent, the regenerator 112 of FIG.3A includes a plurality of regeneration sections. FIG.3A also shows a heat exchanger 150 downstream of the regenerator 112 that enables to cool the product gas circulating in the line 120 and a condenser 152 having a first outlet 154 for the product gas and a second outlet 156 for the condensed water. A fluid line 158 is connected between the second outlet 156 of the gas / liquid separator and the regenerator 112 at the top of the regenerator 112 to circulate the condensed water co-current with the loaded solvent. The line 158 includes a pump 160.

[0074] FIG.3A also shows a reboiler 170 having a first inlet 172 in fluid communication with the outlet 118 of the regenerator 112. The reboiler also includes a second inlet 174 in fluid communication with a steam source as well as a first outlet 176 in fluid communication with the inlet 116 of the regenerator, a second outlet 178 in fluid communication with the absorber inlet 106 and a third outlet 180.

[0075] The reboiler is used to reclaim the lean solvent and purify it from its contaminants. Therefore the lean solvent enters and is mixed with steam to be heated. The contaminants in the solvent are therefore condensed first and discharged via outlet 178. The lean solvent is thereafter condensed and exits the reboiler via outlet 176 to be redirected to the absorber. The steam exits the reboiler and is directed to the regenerator for unloading the lean solvent. The system of FIG.3A also includes heat exchangers 190, 192 for the purpose of cooling theIS23.1600-WO-PCT lean solvent, situated in the line connecting the outlet 176 of the reboiler and the inlet 106 of the absorber. The heat exchanger 190 is also situated in the line between the absorber outlet 108 and the regenerator inlet 116 to heat the loaded solvent against the lean solvent.

[0076] The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Individual elements or features of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but, where applicable, are interchangeable and can be used in a selected embodiment, even if not specifically shown or described. The same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the disclosure, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.

[0077] While embodiments have been described herein, those skilled in the art, having benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate that other embodiments are envisioned that do not depart from the inventive scope. Accordingly, the scope of the present claims or any subsequent claims shall not be unduly limited by the description of the embodiments described herein.

[0078] The subject matter described in detail above may be defined by one or more clauses, as set forth below:

[0079] A. A metal-organic framework (MOF) body having a volume over 0.1 mm3and having one or more MOF crystals having properties selected to extract one or more amines from a solution.

[0080] B. The MOF body of clause A, wherein the one or more amines includes one or more nitrosamines.

[0081] C. The MOF body of any preceding clause, wherein the solution is an aqueous solution or an organic solution.

[0082] D. The MOF body of the preceding clause, wherein the solution is an organic solution and contains an amount of water, optionally no more than 10% weight.

[0083] E. The MOF body of one of the two preceding clauses, wherein the solution includes one or more of water, carbonic acid and tri-ethyleneglycol-di-butylether.

[0084] F. The MOF body of any preceding clause, including a bonding agent also including one or more MOFs.

[0085] G. The MOF body of clause F, wherein at least one of the one or more MOFs of the bonding agent have substantially the same composition as one of the MOF crystals.

[0086] H. The MOF body of any of the two preceding clauses, wherein at least a portion ofIS23.1600-WO-PCT the MOFs of the bonding agent is in a non-crystallized state.

[0087] I. The MOF body of any of the three preceding clauses wherein the bonding agent includes additives, such as nanoparticles.

[0088] J. The MOF body of any preceding clause, wherein at least the value of at least one property of the MOF body is greater than the value of the same property for the one or more MOF crystals, wherein the at least one property includes one of density and Young’s modulus.

[0089] K. The MOF body of any preceding clause, having a spherical shape, a disk shape or a tetrapod shape.

[0090] L. The MOF body of any preceding clause, wherein the MOF body is monolithic.

[0091] M. The MOF body of any preceding clause, wherein the one or more MOF crystals have a composition including UIO-66, optionally 8-aminocaprylic acid doped UIO-66 (Am- UIO-66).

[0092] N. The MOF body of any preceding clause, wherein one or more of the MOF crystals have a porous lattice structure with customizable pore sizes and surface functionalities specifically tailored for amine, optionally nitrosamine, adsorption.

[0093] O. A MOF body, having a plurality of MOF crystals bound together to form a monolithic structure; wherein the MOF includes a porous lattice structure with customizable pore sizes and surface functionalities specifically tailored for nitrosamine adsorption; and has a volume greater than 0.1 mm³.

[0094] P. An adsorption unit for extracting amines from a washing liquid used to wash a gas stream, wherein the apparatus includes a vessel containing a plurality of MOF bodies according to any one of clauses A-O, and including a plurality to fluid ports and fluid circulation devices in fluid communication with a washing liquid source and an eluent source, an amine- depleted washing liquid collector and an amine-rich feed collector, wherein the fluid port and fluid circulation devices are configured to : - circulate the washing liquid in the vessel, so that the washing liquid contacts the MOF bodies and yields an amine-depleted washing liquid, depleted of the one or more amines, and direct the amine-depleted washing liquid to the amine-depleted washing liquid collector, - circulate an eluent in the vessel, so that the eluent contacts the MOF bodies and yields a amine-rich feed, containing the one or more amines, and direct the amine-rich feedIS23.1600-WO-PCT to the amine-rich feed collector.

[0095] Q. The apparatus of clause P, wherein the vessel is configured so that the MOF bodies remain in the vessel during extraction feed and / or eluent circulation.

[0096] R. A system for capturing CO2 from a feed gas, including : - a CO2 absorption unit having at least one absorption section and a first inlet to receive the feed gas and a second inlet to receive an amine-containing solvent having properties for loading CO2, a first outlet for exiting a loaded solvent, loaded with CO2 captured from the feed gas, and a second outlet for exiting a CO2-depleted gas stream having a CO2 concentration reduced compared to the CO2 concentration of the feed gas, - a washing unit including at least a washing section, wherein each washing section includes a first inlet for the CO2 depleted gas stream and a second inlet for a washing liquid, and a first outlet for a loaded washing liquid, loaded with amines captured from the CO2 depleted stream and a second outlet for a CO2 and amine-depleted gas, having an amine concentration reduced compared to the amine concentration of the CO2-depleted gas. - an adsorption unit having a vessel containing MOF bodies according to one or more clauses A-O, having an inlet for receiving a loaded washing liquid, in fluid communication with the first outlet of at least a first washing section and an outlet for exiting an amine-depleted washing liquid, having a reduced concentration in amine compared to the loaded washing liquid, wherein the outlet is in fluid communication with the second inlet of at least a second washing section.

[0097] S. The system of clause R, wherein the first and second washing section are the same or different.

[0098] T. The system of clause R or S, wherein at least a washing section has its first inlet in fluid communication with the second outlet of the absorption unit.

[0099] U. The system of any clauses R-T, wherein the inlet of the adsorption unit is a first inlet and the outlet of the adsorption unit is a first outlet, wherein the adsorption unit includes a second inlet for receiving an eluent and a second outlet for exiting an amine-rich eluent.

[0100] V. The system of clause U, wherein the second outlet of the adsorption unit is in fluid communication with an inlet of the absorption section.

[0101] W. The system of any preceding clause R-V, wherein the washing liquid is anIS23.1600-WO-PCT aqueous or an organic washing liquid.

[0102] X. The system of the preceding clause, wherein the washing liquid includes one or more of water, tri-ethyleneglycol-di-butylether and carbonic acid.

[0103] Y. The system of any of the clauses R-X, wherein the washing unit includes a plurality of washing sections, wherein the first outlet of at least two of the washing sections is in fluid communication with the first inlet of the adsorption unit.

[0104] Z. The system of any of the clauses R-Y, wherein the washing unit includes a plurality of washing sections, wherein the second inlet of at least two of the washing sections is in fluid communication with the first outlet of the adsorption unit.

[0105] AA. The system of any of clauses R-Z, wherein the washing unit includes a plurality of washing sections including a first and a second washing section, and wherein the system also includes first and second adsorption units, wherein the first adsorption unit is in fluid communication with the first washing section and a second washing unit is in fluid communication with a second washing section.

[0106] AB. The system of any of clauses R-AA, wherein the amine-containing solvent is an aqueous solvent having a water diluent or an organic solvent having an organic diluent.

[0107] AC. The system of the preceding clause, wherein the amine-containing solvent has an organic diluent and contains water, optionally, less than 10% water.

[0108] AD. The system of any of the clauses R-AA, wherein the amine-containing solvent includes one or more amines of the following list : 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), 3-Amino-1-propanol (AP), 4-Amino-1-butanol (AB), 1,4- diazabicyclo-undec-7-ene ("DBU"); l,4-diazabicyclo-2, 2, 2-octane; piperazine ("PZ"); triethylamine ("TEA"); 1,1,3,3- tetramethyl guanidine ("TMG"); 1,8- diazabicycloundec-7-ene; monoethanolamine ("MEA"); diethylamine ("DEA"); ethylenediamine ("EDA"); 1,3-diamino propane; 1,4-diaminobutane; hexamethylenediamine; 1,7-diaminoheptane; diethanolamine; diisopropylamine ("DIPA"); 4- aminopyridine; pentylamine; hexylamine; heptylamine; octylamine; nonylamine; decylamine; tert-octylamine; dioctylamine; dihexylamine; 2-ethyl- 1- hexylamine; 2-fluorophenethylamine; 3-fluorophenethyl amine; 3,5- difluorobenzylamine; N-methylbenzylamine; 3-fluoro-N- methylbenzylamine; 4- fluoro-N-methylbenzylamine; imidazole; benzimidazole; N-methyl imidazole; 1- trifluoroacetylimidazole; 1,2,3-triazole; 1,2,4-triazole, 2-fluorophenethylamine, 3-fluorophenethylamine, 4-fluorophenethylamine, 2-fluoro-N-methylbenzylamine, 3-fluoro-N- 30 methylbenzylamine, and 4-fluoro-N-methylbenzylamine, 2-fluorobenzylamine, 3-IS23.1600-WO-PCT fluorobenzylamine, 4-fluorobenzylamine, 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11- heptadecafluoroundecylamine, 2,3-difluorobenzylamine, 2,4- difluorobenzylamine, 2,6- difluorobenzylamine, 3,4- difluorobenzylamine 3,5-di-fluorobenzylamine, 2- trifluoromethylbenzylamine, 3-trifluoromethylbenzylamine, 4-trifluoromethylbenzylamine, D- 4-fluoro-alpha-methylbenzylamine, and L-4-fluoro-alpha-methylbenzylamine, N-methyl benzylamine (MBZA), N-methylnaphthylamine, N-methyl-1-naphthalenemethyl amine, 1-(1- naphthyl)ethylamine; or mixtures thereof

[0109] AE. The system of any of the clauses R-AD, also including a regenerator including a first inlet for receiving the loaded solvent, in fluid communication with the first outlet of the absorption section, a second inlet for receiving steam, a first outlet for exiting a CO2- loaded steam and a second outlet for exiting a lean solvent, in fluid communication with the second inlet of the absorption section.

[0110] AF. The system of the preceding clause, including a reboiler including a first inlet for receiving the lean solvent from the regenerator and a second inlet for receiving steam from a steam source, a first outlet for outputting steam in fluid communication with the second inlet of the regenerator, and a second outlet for outputting purified lean solvent in fluid communication with the second inlet of the absorber

[0111] AG. The system of any of the clauses R-AF, wherein the one or more amine compounds includes at least one nitrosamine compounds.

[0112] AH. The system of any of the clauses R-AG, wherein the adsorption unit includes at least a first and a second adsorption vessels containing MOF bodies, and is configured so that the amine-depleted washing liquid stream is produced cyclically by the first and the second adsorption vessels.

[0113] AI. The system of clause AH, wherein the adsorption unit includes a one or more switch valves to take a first configuration in which : - the at least one outlet of the washing unit is in fluid communication with a first fluid line of the first vessel so that the loaded washing liquid circulates into the first vessel, - a second fluid line of the first vessel is in fluid communication with the at least one inlet of the washing unit, - an eluent source is in fluid communication with a first fluid line of the second vessel so that the eluent circulates into the second vessel, - a second fluid line of the second vessel is in fluid communication with an amine-richIS23.1600-WO-PCT discharge line.

[0114] AJ. The system of clause AI, wherein the one or more switch valves are configured to take a second configuration in which : - the at least one outlet of the washing unit is in fluid communication with the first fluid line of the second vessel so that the loaded washing liquid circulates into the second vessel, - the second fluid line of the second vessel is in fluid communication with the at least one inlet of the washing unit, - an eluent source is in fluid communication with the first fluid line of the first vessel so that the eluent circulates into the first vessel, - the second fluid line of the first vessel is in fluid communication with an amine-rich discharge line.

[0115] AK. The system of any of clauses AH-AJ, where the eluent is washing liquid.

[0116] AL. A gas treatment system, having:

[0117] a CO2 absorption stage for capturing CO2 from a gas stream;

[0118] one or more water wash stage for removing residual amines from the gas stream post CO2 absorption;

[0119] injection of the effluent of the water wash into a sorbent bed stage incorporating a Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) for capturing amines, wherein the MOF is a monolithic structure with customizable pore sizes and surface functionalities.

[0120] AM. A method for capturing CO2 from a feed gas, including : - contacting the feed gas with an amine-containing solvent to yield a CO2-depleted gas stream, having a CO2 concentration reduced compared to the CO2 concentration of the feed gas, - washing the CO2-depleted gas stream using at least a washing liquid to yield a loaded washing liquid, loaded with one or more amine compounds captured from the CO2- depleted gas stream, and a CO2 and amine-depleted gas stream, having a concentration in one or more amines reduced compared to the amine concentration in the CO2-depleted stream, - adsorbing the one or more amine compounds in the loaded washing liquid using one or more MOF bodies according to any clauses A-O, to yield an amine- depleted washing liquid, having a concentration of at least one of the amine compounds reducedIS23.1600-WO-PCT compared to the loaded washing liquid, and - recycling the amine-depleted washing liquid for washing the CO2-depleted gas stream.

[0121] AN. The method of clause AM, wherein adsorbing the one or more amines compounds includes contacting the loaded washing liquid with the MOF bodies to yield the amine-depleted washing liquid and loaded MOF bodies, loaded with amines captured from the loaded washing liquid.

[0122] AO. The method of the preceding clause, including desorbing the one or more amine compounds from the MOF bodies by contacting the loaded MOF bodies with an eluent to yield an amine-rich stream, loaded with the one or more amine compounds captured from the MOF bodies.

[0123] AP. The method of the preceding clause, wherein the eluent is washing liquid.

[0124] AQ. The method of one of the 2 preceding clauses, wherein it includes using the MOF bodies to cyclically adsorb and desorb the one or more amine compounds.

[0125] AR. The method of clause one of the 2 preceding clauses, including using the amine-rich feed for absorbing CO2 in the gas feed.

[0126] AS. The method of one of the 3 preceding clauses, wherein the CO2 absorption also yields a loaded solvent, wherein the loaded solvent is loaded with CO2 capture from the feed gas, and wherein the method further includes regenerating the loaded solvent by contacting it with steam in a regenerator to yield a lean solvent.

[0127] AT. The method of one of the 2 preceding clause, including recycling the amine- rich feed for use in CO2 absorption stage.

[0128] AU. The method of any preceding clause AM-AT, wherein the washing liquid is an aqueous or an organic washing liquid.

[0129] AV. The method of the preceding clause, wherein the washing liquid includes one or more of water, tri-ethyleneglycol-di-butylether and carbonic acid.

[0130] AW. The method of any of the preceding clauses AM-AV, wherein washing the CO2-depleted gas stream includes a plurality of washing stages including a first washing stage using a first washing liquid and a second washing stage using a second washing liquid, wherein the first and second washing liquids are the same or different washing liquids.

[0131] AX. The method of any of the preceding clauses AM-AW, including adsorbing amines from the loaded washing liquid from the first washing section and recycling the amine- depleted washing liquid into the first or the second washing section.IS23.1600-WO-PCT

[0132] AY. The method of any of the preceding clauses AM-AX, including adsorbing the one or more amine compounds in a first loaded washing liquid obtained from the first washing stage and a second loaded washing liquid, obtained from a second washing stage.

[0133] AZ. The method of the preceding clause, wherein the first loaded washing liquid and the second loaded washing liquid are directed to a same or a different adsorption unit for adsorption of the one or more amine compounds.

[0134] BB. The method of any of the preceding clauses AM-AZ, wherein the amine- containing solvent is an aqueous solvent having a water diluent or an organic solvent having an organic diluent.

[0135] BC. The method of the preceding clause, wherein the amine-containing solvent has an organic diluent and contains water, optionally, less than 10% water.

[0136] BD. The method of any of the preceding clause AM-BC, wherein the amine- containing solvent includes one or more amines of the following list : 2-Amino-2-methyl-1- propanol (AMP), 3-Amino-1-propanol (AP), 4-Amino-1-butanol (AB), 1,4- diazabicyclo-undec- 7-ene (“DBU”); l,4-diazabicyclo-2, 2, 2-octane; piperazine (“PZ”); triethylamine (“TEA”); 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl guanidine (“TMG”); 1,8- diazabicycloundec-7-ene; monoethanolamine (“MEA”); diethylamine (“DEA”); ethylenediamine (“EDA”); 1,3-diamino propane; 1,4- diaminobutane; hexamethylenediamine; 1,7-diaminoheptane; diethanolamine; diisopropylamine (“DIPA”); 4-aminopyridine; pentylamine; hexylamine; heptylamine; octylamine; nonylamine; decylamine; tert-octylamine; dioctylamine; dihexylamine; 2-ethyl- 1- hexylamine; 2-fluorophenethylamine; 3-fluorophenethyl amine; 3,5- difluorobenzylamine; N- methylbenzylamine; 3-fluoro-N-methylbenzylamine; 4- fluoro-N-methylbenzylamine; imidazole; benzimidazole; N-methyl imidazole; 1- trifluoroacetylimidazole; 1,2,3-triazole; 1,2,4-triazole, 2-fluorophenethylamine, 3-fluorophenethylamine, 4-fluorophenethylamine, 2- fluoro-N-methylbenzylamine, 3-fluoro-N-30 methylbenzylamine, and 4-fluoro-N- methylbenzylamine, 2-fluorobenzylamine, 3-fluorobenzylamine, 4-fluorobenzylamine, 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-heptadecafluoroundecylamine, 2,3- difluorobenzylamine, 2,4- difluorobenzylamine, 2,6-difluorobenzylamine, 3,4- difluorobenzylamine 3,5-di-fluorobenzylamine, 2-trifluoromethylbenzylamine, 3- trifluoromethylbenzylamine, 4-trifluoromethylbenzylamine, D-4-fluoro-alpha- methylbenzylamine, and L-4-fluoro-alpha-methylbenzylamine, N-methyl benzylamine (MBZA), N-methylnaphthylamine, N-methyl-1-naphthalenemethyl amine, 1-(1-IS23.1600-WO-PCT naphthyl)ethylamine; or mixtures thereof

[0137] BE. The method of any preceding clauses AM-BD, wherein the one or more amine compounds includes at least one nitrosamine compounds.

[0138] BF. A method for capturing amines from gas streams in an industrial setting, having: - passing a gas stream through a Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) based sorbent bed, wherein the MOF haves a monolithic structure with high surface area and customizable pore sizes; - adsorbing amines onto the surface of the MOF; - periodically regenerating the MOF to release adsorbed nitrosamines and restore adsorption capacity.

[0139] BG. A manufacturing method of a MOF body according to any clauses A-Q according to one or more inventive principles as shown and described therein..

Claims

IS23.1600-WO-PCT CLAIMS 1. A metal-organic framework (MOF) body having a volume over 0.1 mm3and comprising one or more MOF crystals having properties selected to extract one or more amines from a solution.

2. The MOF body of claim 1, wherein the one or more amines includes one or more nitrosamines.

3. The MOF body of any preceding claim, wherein the solution is an aqueous solution or an organic solution.

4. The MOF body of the preceding claim, wherein the solution is an organic solution and contains an amount of water, optionally no more than 10% weight.

5. The MOF body of one of the two preceding claims, wherein the solution includes one or more of water, carbonic acid and tri-ethyleneglycol-di-butylether.

6. The MOF body of any preceding claim, including a bonding agent also including one or more MOFs.

7. The MOF body of claim 6, wherein at least one of the one or more MOFs of the bonding agent have substantially the same composition as one of the MOF crystals.

8. The MOF body of any of the two preceding claims, wherein at least a portion of the MOFs of the bonding agent is in a non-crystallized state.

9. The MOF body of any of the three preceding claims wherein the bonding agent includes additives, such as nanoparticles.

10. The MOF body of any preceding claim, wherein at least the value of at least one property of the MOF body is greater than the value of the same property for the one or more MOF crystals, wherein the at least one property includes one of density and Young’s modulus.

11. The MOF body of any preceding claim, having a spherical shape, a disk shape or a tetrapod shape.

12. The MOF body of any preceding claim, wherein the MOF body is monolithic.IS23.1600-WO-PCT 13. The MOF body of any preceding claim, wherein the one or more MOF crystals have a composition including UIO-66, optionally 8-aminocaprylic acid doped UIO-66 (Am-UIO-66).

14. The MOF body of any preceding claim, wherein one or more of the MOF crystals have a porous lattice structure with customizable pore sizes and surface functionalities specifically tailored for amine, optionally nitrosamine, adsorption.

15. A MOF body, comprising a plurality of MOF crystals bound together to form a monolithic structure; wherein the MOF includes a porous lattice structure with customizable pore sizes and surface functionalities specifically tailored for nitrosamine adsorption; and has a volume greater than 0.1 mm³.

16. An adsorption unit for extracting amines from a washing liquid used to wash a gas stream, wherein the apparatus includes a vessel containing a plurality of MOF bodies according to any one of claims 1-15, and including a plurality to fluid ports and fluid circulation devices in fluid communication with a washing liquid source and an eluent source, an amine-depleted washing liquid collector and an amine-rich feed collector, wherein the fluid port and fluid circulation devices are configured to : - circulate the washing liquid in the vessel, so that the washing liquid contacts the MOF bodies and yields an amine-depleted washing liquid, depleted of the one or more amines, and direct the amine-depleted washing liquid to the amine-depleted washing liquid collector, - circulate an eluent in the vessel, so that the eluent contacts the MOF bodies and yields a amine-rich feed, containing the one or more amines, and direct the amine-rich feed to the amine-rich feed collector.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the vessel is configured so that the MOF bodies remain in the vessel during extraction feed and / or eluent circulation.

18. A system for capturing CO2 from a feed gas, including : - a CO2 absorption unit having at least one absorption section and a first inlet to receive the feed gas and a second inlet to receive an amine-containing solvent having properties for loading CO2, a first outlet for exiting a loaded solvent, loaded withIS23.1600-WO-PCT CO2 captured from the feed gas, and a second outlet for exiting a CO2-depleted gas stream having a CO2 concentration reduced compared to the CO2 concentration of the feed gas, - a washing unit including at least a washing section, wherein each washing section includes a first inlet for the CO2 depleted gas stream and a second inlet for a washing liquid, and a first outlet for a loaded washing liquid, loaded with amines captured from the CO2 depleted stream and a second outlet for a CO2 and amine-depleted gas, having an amine concentration reduced compared to the amine concentration of the CO2-depleted gas. - an adsorption unit having a vessel containing MOF bodies according to one or more claims 1-15, having an inlet for receiving a loaded washing liquid, in fluid communication with the first outlet of at least a first washing section and an outlet for exiting an amine-depleted washing liquid, having a reduced concentration in amine compared to the loaded washing liquid, wherein the outlet is in fluid communication with the second inlet of at least a second washing section.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the first and second washing section are the same or different.

20. The system of claim 18 or 19, wherein at least a washing section has its first inlet in fluid communication with the second outlet of the absorption unit.

21. The system of any claims 18-20, wherein the inlet of the adsorption unit is a first inlet and the outlet of the adsorption unit is a first outlet, wherein the adsorption unit includes a second inlet for receiving an eluent and a second outlet for exiting an amine-rich eluent.

22. The system of claim 21, wherein the second outlet of the adsorption unit is in fluid communication with an inlet of the absorption section.

23. The system of any preceding claim 18-22, wherein the washing liquid is an aqueous or an organic washing liquid.

24. The system of the preceding claim, wherein the washing liquid includes one or more of water, tri-ethyleneglycol-di-butylether and carbonic acid.IS23.1600-WO-PCT 25. The system of any of the claims 18-24, wherein the washing unit includes a plurality of washing sections, wherein the first outlet of at least two of the washing sections is in fluid communication with the first inlet of the adsorption unit.

26. The system of any of the claims 18-25, wherein the washing unit includes a plurality of washing sections, wherein the second inlet of at least two of the washing sections is in fluid communication with the first outlet of the adsorption unit.

27. The system of any of claims 18-26, wherein the washing unit includes a plurality of washing sections including a first and a second washing section, and wherein the system also includes first and second adsorption units, wherein the first adsorption unit is in fluid communication with the first washing section and a second washing unit is in fluid communication with a second washing section.

28. The system of any of claims 18-27, wherein the amine-containing solvent is an aqueous solvent having a water diluent or an organic solvent having an organic diluent.

29. The system of the preceding claim, wherein the amine-containing solvent has an organic diluent and contains water, optionally, less than 10% water.

30. The system of any of the claims 18-27, wherein the amine-containing solvent includes one or more amines of the following list : 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), 3-Amino-1- propanol (AP), 4-Amino-1-butanol (AB), 1,4- diazabicyclo-undec-7-ene ("DBU"); l,4- diazabicyclo-2, 2, 2-octane; piperazine ("PZ"); triethylamine ("TEA"); 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl guanidine ("TMG"); 1,8- diazabicycloundec-7-ene; monoethanolamine ("MEA"); diethylamine ("DEA"); ethylenediamine ("EDA"); 1,3-diamino propane; 1,4-diaminobutane; hexamethylenediamine; 1,7-diaminoheptane; diethanolamine; diisopropylamine ("DIPA"); 4- aminopyridine; pentylamine; hexylamine; heptylamine; octylamine; nonylamine; decylamine; tert-octylamine; dioctylamine; dihexylamine; 2-ethyl- 1- hexylamine; 2-fluorophenethylamine; 3-fluorophenethyl amine; 3,5- difluorobenzylamine; N-methylbenzylamine; 3-fluoro-N- methylbenzylamine; 4- fluoro-N-methylbenzylamine; imidazole; benzimidazole; N-methyl imidazole; 1- trifluoroacetylimidazole; 1,2,3-triazole; 1,2,4-triazole, 2-fluorophenethylamine, 3-fluorophenethylamine, 4-fluorophenethylamine, 2-fluoro-N-methylbenzylamine, 3-fluoro-N- 30 methylbenzylamine, and 4-fluoro-N-methylbenzylamine, 2-fluorobenzylamine, 3-IS23.1600-WO-PCT fluorobenzylamine, 4-fluorobenzylamine, 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11- heptadecafluoroundecylamine, 2,3-difluorobenzylamine, 2,4- difluorobenzylamine, 2,6- difluorobenzylamine, 3,4- difluorobenzylamine 3,5-di-fluorobenzylamine, 2- trifluoromethylbenzylamine, 3-trifluoromethylbenzylamine, 4-trifluoromethylbenzylamine, D- 4-fluoro-alpha-methylbenzylamine, and L-4-fluoro-alpha-methylbenzylamine, N-methyl benzylamine (MBZA), N-methylnaphthylamine, N-methyl-1-naphthalenemethyl amine, 1-(1- naphthyl)ethylamine; or mixtures thereof 31. The system of any of the claims 18-30, also including a regenerator including a first inlet for receiving the loaded solvent, in fluid communication with the first outlet of the absorption section, a second inlet for receiving steam, a first outlet for exiting a CO2-loaded steam and a second outlet for exiting a lean solvent, in fluid communication with the second inlet of the absorption section.

32. The system of the preceding claim, including a reboiler including a first inlet for receiving the lean solvent from the regenerator and a second inlet for receiving steam from a steam source, a first outlet for outputting steam in fluid communication with the second inlet of the regenerator, and a second outlet for outputting purified lean solvent in fluid communication with the second inlet of the absorber 33. The system of any of the claims 18-32, wherein the one or more amine compounds includes at least one nitrosamine compounds.

34. The system of any of the claims 18-33, wherein the adsorption unit includes at least a first and a second adsorption vessels containing MOF bodies, and is configured so that the amine- depleted washing liquid stream is produced cyclically by the first and the second adsorption vessels.

35. The system of claim 34, wherein the adsorption unit includes a one or more switch valves to take a first configuration in which : - the at least one outlet of the washing unit is in fluid communication with a first fluid line of the first vessel so that the loaded washing liquid circulates into the first vessel, - a second fluid line of the first vessel is in fluid communication with the at least one inlet of the washing unit,IS23.1600-WO-PCT - an eluent source is in fluid communication with a first fluid line of the second vessel so that the eluent circulates into the second vessel, - a second fluid line of the second vessel is in fluid communication with an amine-rich discharge line.

36. The system of claim 35, wherein the one or more switch valves are configured to take a second configuration in which : - the at least one outlet of the washing unit is in fluid communication with the first fluid line of the second vessel so that the loaded washing liquid circulates into the second vessel, - the second fluid line of the second vessel is in fluid communication with the at least one inlet of the washing unit, - an eluent source is in fluid communication with the first fluid line of the first vessel so that the eluent circulates into the first vessel, - the second fluid line of the first vessel is in fluid communication with an amine-rich discharge line.

37. The system of any of claims 34-36, where the eluent is washing liquid.

38. A gas treatment system, comprising: - a CO2 absorption stage for capturing CO2 from a gas stream; - one or more water wash stage for removing residual amines from the gas stream post CO2 absorption; - injection of the effluent of the water wash into a sorbent bed stage incorporating a Metal- Organic Framework (MOF) for capturing amines, wherein the MOF is a monolithic structure with customizable pore sizes and surface functionalities.

39. A method for capturing CO2 from a feed gas, including : - contacting the feed gas with an amine-containing solvent to yield a CO2-depleted gas stream, having a CO2 concentration reduced compared to the CO2 concentration of the feed gas,IS23.1600-WO-PCT - washing the CO2-depleted gas stream using at least a washing liquid to yield a loaded washing liquid, loaded with one or more amine compounds captured from the CO2- depleted gas stream, and a CO2 and amine-depleted gas stream, having a concentration in one or more amines reduced compared to the amine concentration in the CO2-depleted stream, - adsorbing the one or more amine compounds in the loaded washing liquid using one or more MOF bodies according to any claims 1-16, to yield an amine- depleted washing liquid, having a concentration of at least one of the amine compounds reduced compared to the loaded washing liquid, and - recycling the amine-depleted washing liquid for washing the CO2-depleted gas stream.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein adsorbing the one or more amines compounds includes contacting the loaded washing liquid with the MOF bodies to yield the amine-depleted washing liquid and loaded MOF bodies, loaded with amines captured from the loaded washing liquid.

41. The method of the preceding claim, including desorbing the one or more amine compounds from the MOF bodies by contacting the loaded MOF bodies with an eluent to yield an amine-rich stream, loaded with the one or more amine compounds captured from the MOF bodies.

42. The method of the preceding claim, wherein the eluent is washing liquid.

43. The method of one of the 2 preceding claims, wherein it includes using the MOF bodies to cyclically adsorb and desorb the one or more amine compounds.

44. The method of claim one of the 2 preceding claims, including using the amine-rich feed for absorbing CO2 in the gas feed.

45. The method of one of the 3 preceding claims, wherein the CO2 absorption also yields a loaded solvent, wherein the loaded solvent is loaded with CO2 capture from the feed gas, and wherein the method further includes regenerating the loaded solvent by contacting it with steam in a regenerator to yield a lean solvent.IS23.1600-WO-PCT 46. The method of one of the 2 preceding claim, including recycling the amine-rich feed for use in CO2 absorption stage.

47. The method of any preceding claim 39-46, wherein the washing liquid is an aqueous or an organic washing liquid.

48. The method of the preceding claim, wherein the washing liquid includes one or more of water, tri-ethyleneglycol-di-butylether and carbonic acid.

49. The method of any of the preceding claims 39-48, wherein washing the CO2-depleted gas stream includes a plurality of washing stages including a first washing stage using a first washing liquid and a second washing stage using a second washing liquid, wherein the first and second washing liquids are the same or different washing liquids.

50. The method of any of the preceding claims 39-49, including adsorbing amines from the loaded washing liquid from the first washing section and recycling the amine-depleted washing liquid into the first or the second washing section.

51. The method of any of the preceding claims 39-50, including adsorbing the one or more amine compounds in a first loaded washing liquid obtained from the first washing stage and a second loaded washing liquid, obtained from a second washing stage.

52. The method of the preceding claim, wherein the first loaded washing liquid and the second loaded washing liquid are directed to a same or a different adsorption unit for adsorption of the one or more amine compounds.

53. The method of any of the preceding claims 39-52, wherein the amine-containing solvent is an aqueous solvent having a water diluent or an organic solvent having an organic diluent.

54. The method of the preceding claim, wherein the amine-containing solvent has an organic diluent and contains water, optionally, less than 10% water.

55. The method of any of the preceding claim 39-54, wherein the amine-containing solvent includes one or more amines of the following list : 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), 3- Amino-1-propanol (AP), 4-Amino-1-butanol (AB), 1,4- diazabicyclo-undec-7-ene (“DBU”); l,4- diazabicyclo-2, 2, 2-octane; piperazine (“PZ”); triethylamine (“TEA”); 1,1,3,3-tetramethylIS23.1600-WO-PCT guanidine (“TMG”); 1,8- diazabicycloundec-7-ene; monoethanolamine (“MEA”); diethylamine (“DEA”); ethylenediamine (“EDA”); 1,3-diamino propane; 1,4-diaminobutane; hexamethylenediamine; 1,7-diaminoheptane; diethanolamine; diisopropylamine (“DIPA”); 4- aminopyridine; pentylamine; hexylamine; heptylamine; octylamine; nonylamine; decylamine; tert-octylamine; dioctylamine; dihexylamine; 2-ethyl- 1- hexylamine; 2-fluorophenethylamine; 3-fluorophenethyl amine; 3,5- difluorobenzylamine; N-methylbenzylamine; 3-fluoro-N- methylbenzylamine; 4- fluoro-N-methylbenzylamine; imidazole; benzimidazole; N-methyl imidazole; 1- trifluoroacetylimidazole; 1,2,3-triazole; 1,2,4-triazole, 2-fluorophenethylamine, 3-fluorophenethylamine, 4-fluorophenethylamine, 2-fluoro-N-methylbenzylamine, 3-fluoro-N- 30 methylbenzylamine, and 4-fluoro-N-methylbenzylamine, 2-fluorobenzylamine, 3- fluorobenzylamine, 4-fluorobenzylamine, 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11- heptadecafluoroundecylamine, 2,3-difluorobenzylamine, 2,4- difluorobenzylamine, 2,6- difluorobenzylamine, 3,4- difluorobenzylamine 3,5-di-fluorobenzylamine, 2- trifluoromethylbenzylamine, 3-trifluoromethylbenzylamine, 4-trifluoromethylbenzylamine, D- 4-fluoro-alpha-methylbenzylamine, and L-4-fluoro-alpha-methylbenzylamine, N-methyl benzylamine (MBZA), N-methylnaphthylamine, N-methyl-1-naphthalenemethyl amine, 1-(1- naphthyl)ethylamine; or mixtures thereof 56. The method of any preceding claims 39-55, wherein the one or more amine compounds includes at least one nitrosamine compounds.

57. A method for capturing amines from gas streams in an industrial setting, comprising: - passing a gas stream through a Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) based sorbent bed, wherein the MOF comprises a monolithic structure with high surface area and customizable pore sizes; - adsorbing amines onto the surface of the MOF; - periodically regenerating the MOF to release adsorbed nitrosamines and restore adsorption capacity.

58. A manufacturing method of a MOF body according to any claims 1-17 according to one or more inventive principles as shown and described therein.

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