Radio frequency front-end circuit and electronic device
The RF front-end circuit design enables multiple transceiver systems to share a single antenna by integrating resonant tanks and switches, reducing PCB complexity and costs while ensuring high impedance protection and linearity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/142737
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing transceiver systems sharing a single antenna require external switches, increasing the bill of material (BOM) cost and complexity in printed circuit board (PCB) routing.
A RF front-end circuit design that allows multiple transceiver systems to share a single antenna port by incorporating resonant tanks and switches within the circuit, eliminating the need for external switches and reducing the number of PCB components.
Reduces PCB component complexity and BOM costs while maintaining high impedance to protect internal nodes and ensure linearity, thereby enhancing the performance of the transceiver systems.
Smart Images

Figure CN2023142737_03072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
RADIO FREQUENCY FRONT-END CIRCUIT AND ELECTRONIC DEVICETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications, and more specifically, to a radio frequency (RF) front-end circuit and an electronic device.BACKGROUND
[0002] There are some transceiver systems sharing a single antenna, which can reduce the number of antennas in a device and contribute to device miniaturization. The scheme of transceiver systems sharing a single antenna is usually achieved by switching different transmission and reception paths through at least one switch. For example, WIFI and Bluetooth (BT) for long-range and short-range communication are commonly offered in a single complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip. WIFI and BT share a single antenna using an external switch.
[0003] However, the external switch increases bill of material (BOM) cost and complexity in printed circuit board (PCB) routing.SUMMARY
[0004] Embodiments of the present application provide a RF front-end circuit and an electronic device. The technical solutions may enable a plurality of transceiver systems to share a single antenna port, thereby reducing the complexity of PCB routing.
[0005] According to a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a RF front-end circuit, including: a first transmit (Tx) channel and a second Tx channel, where the first transmit (Tx) channel includes a first power amplifier (PA) and a first unit, the first unit between an output of the first PA and an antenna port of the RF front-end circuit is configured as a first resonant tank when the second Tx channel operates in transmit mode, the antenna port is coupled to an antenna, the second Tx channel includes a second PA, and an output of the second PA is coupled to the antenna port.
[0006] According to the above technical solution, two Tx channels can share a single antenna through one port in the RF front-end circuit, which is beneficial to reducing the number of pins in one chip used to connect to the same antenna. And the two Tx channels do not require an external switch or other components to connect to a single antenna, which contributes to reducing the number of PCB components in the RF system, thereby reducing the complexity in PCB routing and the BOM cost.
[0007] In addition, the high impedance of the first resonant tank may contribute to the performance of the second Tx channel. The loss can be kept to minimum through maximizing the off impedance of the first Tx channel. And a RF transmit signal from the second Tx channel may be blocked through the first resonant tank. The first Tx channel may be protected through the high impedance of the first resonant tank.
[0008] In a possible design, the first unit includes a first switch coupled between the output of the first PA and ground, and configured to be turned on when the second Tx channel operates in transmit mode, so that the output of the first PA is coupled to ground.
[0009] There may be one or more first switches in the first unit.
[0010] According to the embodiments of the present application, the first switch may be grounded, so that internal nodes in the first Tx channel can be further protected from high voltage swing.
[0011] In addition, the linearity of the second Tx channel depends on the first switch. The linearity of the second Tx channel can be ensured by reducing the on impedance of the first switch.
[0012] In a possible design, the first switch which is turned on may configure the first unit as the first resonant tank.
[0013] In a possible design, the first unit further includes: a first inductor, coupled between the antenna port and a far end of the first switch away from ground; and a first capacitor, coupled between the antenna port and ground.
[0014] Preferably, the quality factor of the first resonant tank could be greater than 10.
[0015] In a possible design, the second PA includes one or more second switches capacitively coupled between two ports of the output of the second PA, and configured to be turned off when the first Tx channel operates in transmit mode.
[0016] According to the above technical solution, when the first Tx channel is transmitting, the output of the second PA is changed through switching the second switch, ensuring a high off impedance, which contributes to the performance of the first Tx channel.
[0017] In a possible design, the second PA includes one switch unit or a plurality of parallel switch units coupled between the two ports of the output of the second PA, and the switch unit includes the second switch and at least one capacitor in series connection.
[0018] In a possible design, the second PA includes a multiple stacked cascode structure, and the two ports of the output of the second PA are coupled between top transistors and bottom transistors in the multiple stacked cascode structure, respectively.
[0019] In this way, internal nodes in the second Tx channel may have no overstress under Tx high voltage swing.
[0020] In a possible design, the RF front-end circuit further includes a receive (Rx) channel, where the Rx channel includes a lower-noise amplifier (LNA) , and an input of the LNA is coupled to the antenna port.
[0021] According to the above technical solution, the two Tx channels and the Rx channel can share a single antenna through one port in the RF front-end circuit, which is beneficial to reducing the number of pins in one chip used to connect to the same antenna and reducing the number of PCB components in the RF system, thereby further reducing the complexity in PCB routing and the BOM cost.
[0022] In a possible design, the Rx channel further includes a second unit between the input of the LNA and the antenna port, and configured as a second resonant tank when the first Tx channel or the second Tx channel operates in transmit mode.
[0023] According to the above technical solution, the Rx channel may be protected through the high impedance of the second resonant tank.
[0024] In addition, the high off impedance of the first Tx channel and the high off impedance of the second Tx channel may contribute to the performance of the Rx channel. The high off impedance of the Rx channel may contribute to the performance of the Tx channels.
[0025] In a possible design, the second unit includes third switch coupled between the input of the LNA and ground, configured to be turned on when the first Tx channel or the second Tx channel operates in transmit mode, so that the input of the LNA is coupled to ground.
[0026] According to the above technical solution, the third switch may be grounded, so that internal nodes in the Rx channel may be further protected from high voltage swing.
[0027] In addition, the linearity of the second Tx channel depends on the first switch, the third switch and the fourth switch. The linearity of the second Tx channel can be ensured by reducing the on impedance of the first switch, the third switch and the fourth switch.
[0028] In a possible design, the second unit further includes a second inductor coupled between the input of the LNA and the antenna port; and a fourth switch and a second capacitor connected in series between the antenna port and ground.
[0029] In a possible design, the first PA is configured to amplify the power of Bluetooth signals and the second PA is configured to amplify the power of WIFI signals.
[0030] According to a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a RF system. The RF system includes the RF front-end circuit according to the first aspect or any one of the possible designs of the first aspect.
[0031] In a possible design, the RF system further includes an antenna module, where the antenna module includes the antenna.
[0032] In a possible design, the RF system further includes a transceiver module, where the transceiver module is coupled to at least one of the input of the first PA, the input of the second PA or the output of the LNA.
[0033] For example, the RF system may further include the antenna module and the transceiver module, where the antenna module may be coupled to the output of the first PA, the output of the second PA and the input of the LNA, while the transceiver module is coupled to the input of the first PA, the input of the second PA and the output of the LNA.
[0034] According to a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device. The electronic device includes the RF front-end circuit according to the first aspect or any one of the possible designs of the first aspect or the RF system according to the second aspect or any one of the possible designs of the second aspect.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0035] FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an example RF system with WIFI and BT sharing a single antenna;
[0036] FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of another example RF system with WIFI and BT sharing a single antenna;
[0037] FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a RF system according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0038] FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a RF front-end circuit 400 according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0039] FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of Tx channels in the RF front-end circuit 400 according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0040] FIG. 6 illustrates two example circuits included in a first Tx channel 410 according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0041] FIG. 7 illustrates an example circuit included in a second PA 421 according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0042] FIG. 8 a schematic structural diagram of another RF front-end circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0043] FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a Rx channel 430 according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0044] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an example circuit included in the Rx channel 430 according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0045] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an example RF front-end circuit 400 according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0046] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a working process of the RF front-end circuit 400 according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0047] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the linearity of a switch under single tone condition according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0048] FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the harmonics generated according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0049] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the linearity of a switch under two tones test condition according to an embodiment of the present application; and
[0050] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the comparison of different RF systems sharing a single antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0051] The following describes technical solutions of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0052] The embodiments of the present application may be applied to transceiver systems sharing a single antenna. For example, the embodiments of the present application may be applied to WIFI and BT sharing a single antenna.
[0053] The scheme of transceiver systems sharing a single antenna is usually achieved by switching different transmission and reception paths through at least one switch.
[0054] In order to facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, WIFI and BT sharing a single antenna are taken as examples.
[0055] WIFI and BT are commonly offered in a single CMOS chip. WIFI and BT share a single antenna using an external switch.
[0056] FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 provide examples of related technical solutions.
[0057] As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, there is a BT transmit (Tx) channel, a WIFI Tx channel, and a receive (Rx) channel 13. WIFI and BT share the Rx channel. Either the WIFI Tx channel or the BT Tx channel is connected to the Rx channel. And the WIFI Tx channel and the BT Tx channel are connected to a single antenna using an external switch.
[0058] In this way, for multiple transceiver systems on a chip, at least two pins are needed to share a single antenna. For example, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, two pins are needed to connect to the external switch. And more external PCB components such as switches and filtering capacitors are needed, which will increase the complexity in PCB routing and increase BOM costs.
[0059] The embodiment of the present application provides a RF front-end circuit that can be applied to a RF system, which can reduce the number of PCB components in the system, thereby reducing the complexity in PCB routing and saving BOM costs.
[0060] The RF system can be applied to communication devices with wireless communication capabilities such as handheld devices, vehicle mounted devices, wearable devices, computing devices, or other processing devices connected to wireless communication networks, as well as various forms of user equipment (UE) (such as mobile phones) , mobile stations (MS) , etc.
[0061] FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a RF system according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 3, the RF system 300 may include at least one RF transceiver module 310, one RF front-end module 320 and one antenna module 330.
[0062] The RF transceiver module 310 may be called a transceiver module 310.
[0063] The RF transceiver module 310 is used to process RF signals. The RF transceiver module 310 may control the reception and transmission process of RF signals.
[0064] The RF transceiver module 310 includes circuits designed to handle RF signals and perform RF related functions, such as modulating a signal into a RF signal and / or demodulating a RF signal into another signal. The RF transceiver module 310 may include RF related components such as mixers, oscillators, or the like.
[0065] For example, the RF signals may include WIFI signals and Bluetooth signals. The RF transceiver module 310 may be connected to the RF front-end module 320 to receive and transmit WIFI signals and BT signals at a frequency of 2.4GHz.
[0066] The RF front-end module 320, connected between the RF transceiver module 310 and the antenna module 330, can be used to amplify signals from the RF transceiver module 310 and transmit them through the antenna module 330. It also can be used to process the RF signals received from the antenna module 330 and send them to the RF transceiver module 310.
[0067] The antenna module 330 may include one or more antennas. The RF front-end module 320 may include one or more Tx channels and / or Rx channels.
[0068] The RF front-end module 320 includes at least two Tx channels in the RF front-end module 320 connected to the same antenna in the antenna module 330. In other words, at least two Tx channels in the RF front-end module 320 are connected to one antenna through one antenna (ANT) port.
[0069] Further, the RF front-end module 320 may also include at least one Rx channel connected to the ANT port.
[0070] For example, the at least two Tx channels may be a WIFI Tx channel and a BT Tx channel.
[0071] The Tx channel includes circuits for performing functions related with transmitting RF signals, and may include electrical components such as a power amplifier (PA) . The PA can be used to amplify the power of the RF signals to be transmitted.
[0072] The Rx channel includes circuits for performing functions related with receiving RF signals, and may include electrical components such as a lower-noise amplifier (LNA) . The LNA can be used to amplify the power of the RF signals received by the antenna module 330.
[0073] The number, location, and type of modules in the RF system shown in FIG. 3 are only examples and do not constitute limitations for the scheme of the present application. For example, only one RF front-end module is shown in FIG. 3, and in other implementations, the RF system may include more RF front-end modules.
[0074] In order to facilitate understanding of the embodiment of the present application, one RF front-end module in the RF system is taken as an example to illustrate the embodiments of the present application.
[0075] FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a RF front-end circuit 400 according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0076] The RF front-end circuit 400 shown in FIG. 4 can be integrated on one chip.
[0077] For example, the RF front-end circuit 400 shown in FIG. 4 can be applied to the RF system 300 shown in FIG. 3. The RF front-end circuit 400 can be used as the RF front-end module 320. In other words, the RF front-end circuit 400 may include the RF front-end module 320.
[0078] Depending on the design of the RF system 300, the transceiver module 310 may be formed inside or outside the RF front-end circuit 400. For example, the transceiver module 310 may be integrated on the chip deployed with the RF front-end module 320. For another example, the transceiver module 310 and the RF front-end module 320 can be integrated on different chips.
[0079] As shown in FIG. 4, the RF front-end circuit 400 includes a first Tx channel 410 and a second Tx channel 420. The first Tx channel 410 and the second Tx channel 420 are connected to an ANT port 400A of the RF front-end circuit 400. The ANT port 400A is used to be connected to at least one antenna.
[0080] As mentioned above, the RF front-end circuit 400 may be an integrated on one chip. In this case, the RF front-end circuit 400 is electrically coupled to external circuits through pins. A pin of the RF front-end circuit 400 can be configured to be connected to an external antenna for transmitting and / or receiving RF signals via the external antenna. The ANT port 400A can be the pin connected to the external antenna.
[0081] For example, the first Tx channel 410 may be a BT Tx channel, and the second Tx channel 420 may be a WIFI Tx channel.
[0082] FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the Tx channels in the RF front-end circuit 400 according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0083] For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the first Tx channel 410 includes a first PA 411 and a first unit 412. The first unit 412 between the first PA 411 and the ANT port 400A is configured as a first resonant tank when the second Tx channel 420 operates in transmit mode. The second Tx channel 420 includes a second PA 421. The output of the second PA 421 may be coupled to the ANT port 400A.
[0084] The first PA 411 is used to amplify the power of first RF signals.
[0085] The second PA 421 is used to amplify the power of second RF signals.
[0086] For example, the first RF signals may be BT signals. For example, the second RF signals may be WIFI signals.
[0087] A first end of the first unit 412 is coupled to the output of the first PA 411, and a second end of the first unit 412 is coupled to the ANT port 400A.
[0088] For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the first Tx channel 410 may also include a first transformer 413. And the first end of the first unit 412 is coupled to the output of the first PA 411 through the first transformer 413.
[0089] In the embodiments of the present application, the first end and the second end of a component, unit, or module are only used to distinguish different ports and do not have any other limiting effect. The first unit 412 is taken as an example. For example, the first end of the first unit 412 and the second end of the first unit 412 are different ports of the first unit 412.
[0090] A Tx channel operates in transmit mode, which can be that the Tx channel is transmitting signals, or the Tx channel is turned on. A Tx channel in off mode means that the Tx channel is turned off.
[0091] When one Tx channel operates in transmit mode, the other Tx channel is in off mode. Specifically, when the first Tx channel 410 is transmitting signals, the second Tx channel 420 is turned off. When the second Tx channel 420 is transmitting signals, the second Tx channel 420 is turned off.
[0092] Optionally, the quality factor Q of the first resonant tank may be greater than 10.
[0093] Optionally, the first resonant tank may be a parallel resonant circuit.
[0094] According to the embodiments of the present application, the two Tx channels can share a single antenna through one port in the RF front-end circuit, which is beneficial to reducing the number of pins in one chip used to connect to the same antenna. And the two Tx channels do not require an external switch or other components to connect to a single antenna, which contributes to reducing the number of PCB components in the RF system, such as switches and filtering caps related to the coupling of RF front-end circuit and the antenna, thereby reducing the complexity in PCB routing and the BOM cost.
[0095] In addition, the high impedance of the first resonant tank may contribute to the performance of the second Tx channel. The loss can be kept to minimum through maximizing the off impedance of the first Tx channel. And the RF transmit signal from the second Tx channel may be blocked through the first resonant tank. The first Tx channel may be protected through the high impedance of the first resonant tank.
[0096] FIG. 6 illustrates two example circuits included in the first Tx channel 410 according to the embodiments of the present application.
[0097] In some embodiments, the first unit 412 may include a first switch coupled between the output of the first PA 411 and ground. The first switch may be placed in a first place when the second Tx channel operates in transmit mode, so that the output of the first PA 411 is coupled to ground.
[0098] A first end of the first switch is coupled to the output of the first PA 411 and a second end of the first switch is coupled to ground.
[0099] The first switch is placed in a second position when the second Tx channel 420 is in off mode.
[0100] Exemplarily, the first switch in the first position could mean that the first switch is turned on. The first switch in the second position could mean that the first switch is turned off.
[0101] For example, the first end of the first switch may be coupled to the output of the first PA 411 through the first transformer 413.
[0102] There may be one or more first switches in the first unit 412.
[0103] In some embodiments, the first switch which is placed in the first position may configure the first unit 412 as the first resonant tank.
[0104] In some embodiments, the first unit 412 may also include a first inductor 4122 and a first capacitor 4123. The first inductor 4122 is coupled between the ANT port 400A and the far end of the first switch away from the ground. The first capacitor 4123 is coupled between the ANT port 400A and ground.
[0105] For example, as shown in FIG. 6, a first end of the first inductor 4122 is connected to the ANT port 400A and a second end of the first inductor 4122 is connected to a first end of the first switch 4121. A first end of the first capacitor 4123 is connected to the ANT port 400A and a second end of the first capacitor 4123 is connected to ground.
[0106] In this case, when the first switch 4121 is turned on, a resonant tank with the first inductor 4122 and the first capacitor 4123 is formed.
[0107] The first resonant tank including the first inductor 4122 and the first capacitor 4123 is just an example.
[0108] The first resonant tank may adopt resonant circuits of other structures, as long as the quality factor is high. For example, the quality factor of the first resonant tank could be greater than 10.
[0109] The first unit 412 may also include other components. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, an inductor may be connected in series between ground and the first capacitor 4123. Further, as shown in (b) of FIG. 6, there may be a switch in parallel with the inductor. For another example, as shown in FIG. 6, a capacitor and an inductor may be connected in series between ground and the first end of the first inductor 4122. For another example, as shown in (a) of FIG. 6, a capacitor may be connected in parallel with the first inductor 4122.
[0110] The first switch may adopt multiple types of switches.
[0111] For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the first switch may be a tripled stacked switch.
[0112] The tripled stacked switch is just an example, and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of the present embodiments. The first switch may be designed with high linearity when it is turned off. For example, the first switch may be designed according to the following conditions.
[0113] The size of the first switch may be small without introducing large parasitic cap. The first switch may be linear and have good reliability when the first Tx channel 410 is transmitting. The on impedance of the first switch may be low. The on impedance of a switch refers to the impedance of the switch when it is turned on.
[0114] According to the embodiments of the present application, the first switch may be grounded, so that internal nodes in the first Tx channel 410 can be further protected from high voltage swing. In other words, internal nodes in the first Tx channel 410 may have no overstress under Tx high voltage swing.
[0115] In addition, according to the embodiments of the present application, the linearity of the second Tx channel depends on the first switch. If the on impedance of the first switch is low enough, the linearity of the second Tx channel will not be affected. Therefore, in the embodiments of the present application, the linearity of the second Tx channel can be ensured by reducing the on impedance of the first switch.
[0116] For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the second Tx channel 420 may also include a second transformer 422. And the output of the second PA 421 may be coupled to the ANT port 400A through the second transformer 422.
[0117] In some embodiments, the second PA 421 may also include a second switch capacitively coupled between two ports of the output of the second PA 421. The second switch is turned off when the first Tx channel 410 is in transmit mode.
[0118] The second switch is turned on when the second Tx channel 420 is in transmit mode.
[0119] There may be one or more second switches in the second PA 421.
[0120] When the second Tx channel 420 is in transmit mode, the second switch may be turned on, and the two ports of the output of the second PA 421 may be coupled through one or more capacitors.
[0121] FIG. 7 illustrates an example circuit included in the second PA 421 according to the embodiments of the present application.
[0122] Optionally, the second PA 421 may include one switch unit or a plurality of parallel switch units. A switch unit may include the second switch and at least one capacitor in series connection.
[0123] For example, as shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. 11, the switch unit may include two capacitors and a second switch 4211 which is connected in series between the two capacitors. In this case, when the second switch 4211 is turned on, the two ports of the output of the second PA 421 can be coupled through the two capacitors. As shown in FIG. 7, the second PA 421 may include one parallel switch unit. As shown in FIG. 11, the second PA 421 may include four parallel switch units.
[0124] The switch unit 4211 may also include other components.
[0125] The second PA 421 may adopt other structures which can achieve high off impedance. For example, the second PA 421 may include a series switch with resonant inductor.
[0126] According to the embodiments of the present application, when the first Tx channel is transmitting, the output of the second PA is changed through switching the second switch, ensuring a high off impedance, which contributes to the performance of the first Tx channel. The loss can be kept to minimum through maximizing the off impedance of the Tx channel.
[0127] In some embodiments, the second PA 421 may include a multiple stacked cascode structure. The two ports of the output of the second PA 421 are coupled between top transistors and bottom transistors in the multiple stacked cascode structure, respectively.
[0128] For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the second PA 421 may include a double stacked cascode structure. The two ports of the output of the second PA 421 are coupled between top transistors and bottom transistors in the double stacked cascode structure, respectively.
[0129] For example, the top transistor in that structure may be a 2.5V thick transistor. When the first Tx channel 410 is transmitting, the voltage that appears on the top transistor is less than 1.8V.
[0130] In this way, internal nodes in the second Tx channel 420 may have no overstress under Tx high voltage swing.
[0131] FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another RF front-end circuit according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0132] In some embodiments, the RF front-end circuit 400 may also include a Rx channel 430 connected to the ANT port 400A, as shown in FIG. 8.
[0133] As mentioned above, the first Tx channel 410 may be a BT Tx channel, and the second Tx channel 420 may be a WIFI Tx channel. In this case, BT circuit and WIFI circuit may share the Rx channel 430.
[0134] FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the Rx channel 430 according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0135] As shown in FIG. 9, the Rx channel 430 includes an LNA 431. The input of the LNA 431 is coupled to the ANT port 400A.
[0136] In some embodiments, the Rx channel 430 may also include a second unit 432. The second unit 432 between the LNA 431 and the ANT port 400A is configured as a second resonant tank when the first Tx channel 410 or the second Tx channel 420 operates in transmit mode.
[0137] The LNA 431 can be used to amplify the power of the RF signals received from the antenna.
[0138] A first end of the second unit 432 is coupled to the input of the LNA 431 and a second end of the second unit 432 is coupled to the ANT port 400A.
[0139] When the first Tx channel 410 or the second Tx channel 420 operates in transmit mode, the Rx channel 430 is in off mode. The Rx channel 430 in off mode means that the Rx channel 430 is turned off.
[0140] When the Rx channel 430 operates in receive mode, the first Tx channel 410 and the second Tx channel 420 are turned off. That Rx channel 430 operates in receive mode means that the Rx channel 430 is turned on.
[0141] Optionally, the second resonant tank may be a parallel resonant circuit.
[0142] According to the embodiments of the present application, the two Tx channels and the Rx channel can share a single antenna through one port in the RF front-end circuit, which is beneficial to reducing the number of pins in one chip used to connect to the same antenna and reducing the number of PCB components in the RF system, such as switches and filtering caps related to the coupling of RF front-end circuit and the antenna, thereby further reducing the complexity in PCB routing and the BOM cost.
[0143] In addition, the RF transmit signals from the Tx channels may be blocked through the second resonant tank. The Rx channel may be protected through the high impedance of the second resonant tank.
[0144] In addition, the high off impedance of the first Tx channel and the high off impedance of the second Tx channel may contribute to the performance of the Rx channel. The high off impedance of the Rx channel may contribute to the performance of the Tx channels.
[0145] In some embodiments, the second unit 432 may include a third switch coupled between the input of the LNA 431 and ground. The third switch may be placed in a fifth position when the first Tx channel 410 or the second Tx channel 420 operates in transmit mode, so that the input of the LNA 431 is coupled to ground.
[0146] A first end of the third switch is coupled to the input port of the LNA 431 and a second end of the third switch is coupled to ground.
[0147] The third switch is placed in a sixth position when the Rx channel 430 operates in receive mode.
[0148] For example, the third switch in the fifth position could mean that the third switch is turned on. The third switch in the sixth position could mean that the third switch is turned off.
[0149] There may be one or more third switches.
[0150] Optionally, the third switch which is placed in a fifth position may configure the second unit 432 as the second resonant tank.
[0151] FIG. 10 illustrates an example circuit included in the Rx channel 430 according to the embodiments of the present application.
[0152] In some embodiments, the second unit 432 may also include a second inductor 4323 coupled between the input of the LNA 431 and the ANT port 400A, and a fourth switch 4322 and a second capacitor 4324 connected in series between the ANT port 400A and ground.
[0153] As shown in FIG. 10, a first end of the second inductor 4323 is coupled to the input of the LNA 431 and a second end of the second inductor 4323 is coupled to a first end of the second capacitor 4324. A second end of the second capacitor 4324 is coupled to ground through the fourth switch 4322.
[0154] In this case, when the third switch 4321 and the fourth switch 4322 are turned on, a resonant tank with the second inductor 4323 and the second capacitor 4324 is formed.
[0155] The second resonant tank including the second inductor and the second capacitor is just an example. The second resonant tank may also include other components.
[0156] The second resonant tank may adopt resonant circuits of other structures.
[0157] The Rx channel 430 may also include other components. For example, the second unit 432 may be coupled to the ANT port 400A through a capacitor. One end of the capacitor may be connected to the ANT port 400A and the other end of the capacitor may be connected to the second end of the second inductor 4323.
[0158] According to the embodiments of the present application, the third switch 4321 may be grounded, so that internal nodes in the Rx channel 430 may be further protected from high voltage swing. In other words, internal nodes in the Rx channel 430 may have no overstress under Tx high voltage swing.
[0159] In addition, according to the embodiments of the present application, the linearity of the second Tx channel depends on the first switch, the third switch and the fourth switch. If the on impedance of the first switch, the third switch and the fourth switch are low enough, the linearity of the second Tx channel will not be affected. Therefore, in the embodiments of the present application, the linearity of the second Tx channel can be ensured by reducing the on impedance of the first switch, the third switch and the fourth switch.
[0160] FIG. 11 illustrates an example RF front-end circuit 400 according to the embodiments of the present application. The circuit shown in FIG. 11 can be regarded as an implementation of FIG. 4 or FIG. 8. The related content can refer to the previous text. Some part of the content will not be repeated here.
[0161] In FIG. 11, the first Tx channel 410 may be a BT Tx channel, and the second Tx channel 420 may be a WIFI Tx channel. The Rx channel 430 is shared by a BT circuit and a WIFI circuit.
[0162] For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the first PA 411 may be coupled to the first switch 4121 (DPA_C0 in FIG. 11) through the first transformer 413 (BL2 in FIG. 11) . The first PA 411 may include four transistors and two capacitors. One end of the capacitor is connected to the port between the two transistors from the four transistors. And the other end of the capacitor is connected to a coil of the first transformer 413.
[0163] The first PA 411 may also adopt other structures.
[0164] The first capacitor 4123 is Cp1 in FIG. 11. The first inductor 4122 is LS1 in FIG. 11.
[0165] For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the second PA 421 may be coupled to the antenna through the second transformer 422 (BL1 in FIG. 11) . The second PA 421 may include four switch units. The content related to the switch can refer to the previous text. The second PA 421 may also include a double stacked cascode structure.
[0166] The second PA 421 may also adopt other structures.
[0167] The second switch 4211 may include PA_C0, PA_C1, PA_C2, and PA_C3 in FIG. 11.
[0168] The first end of the third switch 4321 (LNA_C0 in FIG. 11) is connected to the input of LNA 431. The second end of the LNA_C0 is grounded. The first end of the fourth switch 4322 (LNA_C1 in FIG. 11) is connected to the second end of the second capacitor 4324 (Cp2 in FIG. 11) . The second end of the LNA_C1 is grounded. The second inductor 4323 (LS2 in FIG. 11) is connected between the first end of LNA_C0 and the first end of Cp2.
[0169] For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the LNA 431 may include switches, transistors, capacitors and a variable resistor.
[0170] The LNA 431 may also adopt other structures.
[0171] FIG. 12 illustrates a working process of the RF front-end circuit 400 in FIG. 11 according to the embodiments of the present application.
[0172] The following describes the process of transmission and reception in conjunction with FIG. 12.
[0173] (1) Transmission of WIFI signals:
[0174] When the WIFI Tx channel is transmitting WIFI signals, that is when the WIFI Tx channel is turned on, the BT Tx channel and the Rx channel are turned off.
[0175] For the WIFI Tx channel, PA_C0~PA_C3 are turned on.
[0176] As shown in (a) of FIG. 12, WIFI signals amplified by the PA in the WIFI Tx channel is transmitted to the antenna through BL1.
[0177] For the Rx channel, LNA_C1 and LNA_C0 are turned on, causing Cp2 and LS2 to be pulled to ground, thus forming a resonant tank with Cp2 and LS2.
[0178] The ON impedance of LNA_C1 and LNA_C0 may be low which is beneficial to ensuring that WIFI Tx linearity is not affected.
[0179] In addition, LNA_C0 is grounded, which is beneficial to protecting internal nodes in LNA from high voltage swing.
[0180] For the BT Tx channel, DPA_C0 is turned on, causing LS1 to be pulled to ground, thus forming a resonant tank with Cp1 and LS1.
[0181] The ON impedance of DPA_C0 may be low which is beneficial to ensuring that WIFI TX linearity is not affected.
[0182] In addition, DPA_C0 is grounded, which is beneficial to protecting internal nodes in BT Tx channel from high voltage swing.
[0183] (2) Transmission of BT signals:
[0184] When the BT Tx channel is transmitting BT signals, that is when the BT Tx channel is turned on, the WIFI Tx channel and the Rx channel are turned off.
[0185] For the BT Tx channel, DPA_C0 is turned off. DPA_C0 may be designed with high linearity when it is turned off.
[0186] As shown in (b) of FIG. 12, BT signals amplified by the PA in the BT Tx channel is transmitted to the antenna through BL2.
[0187] For the Rx channel, LNA_C1 and LNA_C0 are turned on, causing Cp2 and LS2 to be pulled to ground, thus forming a resonant tank with Cp2 and LS2.
[0188] The ON impedance of LNA_C1 and LNA_C0 may be low which is beneficial to ensuring that BT TX linearity is not affected.
[0189] In addition, LNA_C0 is grounded, which is beneficial to protecting the internal nodes in LNA from high voltage swing.
[0190] For the WIFI Tx channel, PA C0~PA C3 are disconnected ensuring a high off impedance.
[0191] In addition, the WIFI TX channel includes a double stacked cascode structure, which is beneficial to protecting the internal nodes in the WIFI Tx channel from high voltage swing.
[0192] (3) Reception of RF signals:
[0193] When the Rx channel is receiving RF signals, that is when the Rx channel is turned on, the BT Tx channel and the WIFI Tx channel are turned off.
[0194] For the Rx channel, LNA_C1 and LNA_C0 are turned off.
[0195] As shown in (c) of FIG. 12, RF signals received from the antenna can be amplified by the LNA in the Rx channel.
[0196] For the WIFI Tx channel, PA C0~PA C3 are disconnected.
[0197] The detailed explanation of the case when the WIFI Tx channel is turned off can refer to the BT signals transmission process, which will not be repeated here.
[0198] For the BT Tx channel, DPA_C0 is turned on.
[0199] The detailed explanation of the case when the BT Tx channel is turned off can refer to the WIFI signals transmission process, which will not be repeated here.
[0200] FIG. 13 shows linearity of the switch under single tone condition according to the embodiments of the present application.
[0201] FIG. 13 represents the 0.1dB compression point and compression in udB.
[0202] As shown in FIG. 13, OP0.1dB for BT and LNA switch is more than 30dBm.
[0203] FIG. 14 shows harmonics generated according to the embodiments of the present application.
[0204] As shown in FIG. 14, markers M10, M11 and M12 are taken as examples. Marker M11 represents that the power of the 2nd harmonic is -76.5887dBm. Marker M10 represents that the power of the fundamental wave is 29.3061dBm. Marker M12 represents that the power of the 3rd harmonic is -48.9061dBm. The M11-M10 is the 2nd harmonic rejection and M12-M10 is the 3rd harmonic rejection. The 2nd and 3rd harmonic is more than 60dBc.
[0205] FIG. 15 shows linearity of the switch under two tones test condition according to the embodiments of the present application. As shown in FIG. 15, the 3rd and 5th distortions near 20dBm (20.6997 dBm in FIG. 15) is around -70dBm (-70.2039dBm and -70.1775dBm in FIG. 15) and -110dBm (-111.269dBm and -112.267dBm in FIG. 15) respectively. The 3rd and 5th distortions near 22dBm (23dBm in FIG. 15) is around -62dBm (-62.8855dBm and -62.8446dBm in FIG. 15) and -105dBm (-105.758dBm and -104.718dBm in FIG. 15) respectively.
[0206] For WIFI, the linearity requirement is sensitive at V1 and V2 locations. V1 represents the linearity requirement at the highest supported Pout and V2 represents the linearity requirement when the WIFI Tx is under a high transmission rate condition.
[0207] As shown in FIG. 15, OIP3 is better than 40dBm.
[0208] FIG. 16 shows the comparison of different RF systems sharing a single antenna.
[0209] As shown in (a) and (b) of FIG. 16, the Rx channel and Tx channels in one chip share a single antenna through an external switch, which means two RF pins are needed for connecting to the external switch. Either the WIFI Tx channel or the BT Tx channel is connected to the Rx channel, then the WIFI Tx channel and the BT Tx channel are connected to the external switch. The Rx channel is shared by WIFI and BT.
[0210] Compared to the RF system shown in (b) of FIG. 16, there is an additional switch in the BT Tx channel for connecting to the external switch in the RF system shown in (a) of FIG. 16.
[0211] As shown in (c) of FIG. 16, the Rx channel and Tx channels in one chip share a single antenna through one RF pin. This RF system does not require the external switch.
[0212] For the technical solutions shown FIG. 16, the output impedance of RX channel is 700ohm when it is turned off and the output impedance of the WIFI Tx channel is 350ohm when it is turned off.
[0213] In the RF system shown in (a) of FIG. 16, the output impedance of the BT Tx channel is 2000ohm when it is turned off. In the RF system shown in (c) of FIG. 16, the output impedance of the BT Tx channel is 380ohm when it is turned off.
[0214] An embodiment of the present application further provides a RF system, and the RF system may include a RF front-end circuit. The RF front-end circuit may be any of the foregoing front-end circuits.
[0215] Optionally, the RF system may also include an antenna module connected to the ANT port 400A.
[0216] Optionally, the RF system may also include a RF transceiver module. The RF transceiver module may be connected to at least one of the input of the first Tx channel 410, the input of the second Tx channel 420 or the output of the Rx channel 430.
[0217] An embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, and the electronic device may include a RF system. The RF system may be any of the foregoing RF systems.
[0218] An embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, and the electronic device may include a RF front-end circuit. The RF front-end circuit may be any of the foregoing front-end circuits.
[0219] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer storage medium, and the computer storage medium may store a program instruction for executing any of the foregoing methods.
[0220] Optionally, the storage medium may be specifically the memory.
[0221] A person of ordinary skill in the art will be aware that, in combination with the examples described in the embodiments disclosed in this specification, units and algorithm steps may be implemented by using electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are performed by using hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the embodiment goes beyond the scope of the present application.
[0222] It would be understood by a person skilled in the art that, for the purpose of convenience and brevity, in a detailed working process of the foregoing system, apparatus, and unit, reference may be made to a corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and details are not described herein again.
[0223] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, the disclosed system, apparatus, and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the described apparatus embodiment is merely an example. For example, the unit division is a logical function division and other methods of division may be used in an actual embodiment. For example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be implemented using various communication interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections between the apparatuses or units may be implemented in electronic, mechanical, or other forms.
[0224] The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, the parts may be located in one unit, or may be distributed among a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected based on actual requirements to achieve the objectives of the embodiments.
[0225] In addition, function units in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
[0226] When the functions are implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, the functions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The technical solutions of the present application may be implemented in the form of a software product. The software product is stored in a storage medium, and includes several instructions for instructing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, or the like) to perform all or some of the steps of the methods described in the embodiments of the present application. The foregoing storage medium includes any medium that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive, a removable hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM) , a random access memory (RAM) , a magnetic disk, an optical disc or the like.
[0227] The foregoing descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present application, but are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Any variation or replacement readily figured out by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims
1.A radio frequency (RF) front-end circuit, comprising a first transmit (Tx) channel and a second Tx channel, wherein the first Tx channel comprises a first power amplifier (PA) and a first unit, the first unit between an output of the first PA and an antenna port of the RF front-end circuit is configured as a first resonant tank when the second Tx channel operates in transmit mode, the antenna port is coupled to an antenna, the second Tx channel comprises a second PA, and an output of the second PA is coupled to the antenna port.2.The RF front-end circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first unit comprises a first switch coupled between the output of the first PA and ground, and configured to be turned on when the second Tx channel operates in transmit mode, so that the output of the first PA is coupled to ground.3.The RF front-end circuit according to claim 2, wherein the first unit further comprises:a first inductor, coupled between the antenna port and a far end of the first switch away from ground; anda first capacitor, coupled between the antenna port and ground.4.The RF front-end circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second PA comprises a second switch capacitively coupled between two ports of the output of the second PA, and configured to be turned off when the first Tx channel operates in transmit mode.5.The RF front-end circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second PA comprises a multiple stacked cascode structure, and two ports of the output of the second PA are coupled between top transistors and bottom transistors in the multiple stacked cascode structure, respectively.6.The RF front-end circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a receive (Rx) channel, wherein the Rx channel comprises a lower-noise amplifier (LNA) , and an input of the LNA is coupled to the antenna port.7.The RF front-end circuit according to claim 6, wherein the Rx channel further comprises a second unit between the input of the LNA and the antenna port, configured as a second resonant tank when the first Tx channel or the second Tx channel operates in transmit mode.8.The RF front-end circuit according to claim 7, wherein the second unit comprises a third switch coupled between the input of the LNA and ground, and configured to be turned on when the first Tx channel or the second Tx channel operates in transmit mode, so that the input of the LNA is coupled to ground.9.The RF front-end circuit according to claim 8, wherein the second unit further comprises:a second inductor, coupled between the input of the LNA and the antenna port; anda fourth switch and a second capacitor connected in series between the antenna port and ground.10.The RF front-end circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first PA is configured to amplify the power of Bluetooth signals and the second PA is configured to amplify the power of WIFI signals.11.An electronic device, comprising the RF front-end circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 10.12.The electronic device according to claim 11, further comprising an antenna module, wherein the antenna module comprises the antenna.13.The electronic device according to claim 11 or 12, further comprising a transceiver module, wherein the transceiver module is coupled to at least one of the input of the first PA, the input of the second PA or the output of the LNA.
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