Railway installation comprising a device for activating and deactivating at least one apparatus

Abstract

The invention relates to a railway installation comprising a fluid conveying network, an apparatus which is connected thereto and which is configured to be activated or deactivated according to an upper threshold and a lower threshold for the fluid pressure, and a device (9) for activating and deactivating the apparatus, connected, as input, to the network and, as output, to the apparatus; the device (9) being configured to adopt a first configuration in which the apparatus is deactivated, or respectively activated, when the pressurized fluid is below the lower threshold or below the upper threshold; a second configuration in which the apparatus is activated, or respectively deactivated, when the pressurized fluid reaches the upper threshold; and a third configuration, when the fluid is below the upper threshold and above an intermediate pressure threshold which is higher than the lower threshold, in which the apparatus is activated, or respectively deactivated.

Description

Title: Railway installation comprising a device for activating and deactivating at least one device TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to a railway installation comprising a fluid routing network, at least one device connected to the fluid routing network and configured to be activated or deactivated as a function of an upper fluid pressure threshold and a lower fluid pressure threshold, and a device for activating and deactivating said at least one device, connected, at the input, to the fluid routing network and, at the output, to the at least one device.

[0002] The invention also relates to a railway vehicle comprising such an installation.

[0003] The invention also relates to such a device for activating and deactivating at least one device, configured to be connected, at the input, to a fluid routing network and, at the output, to the at least one device. STATE OF THE ART

[0004] Rail vehicles may be provided with a rail installation comprising a fluid path network and a plurality of devices configured to operate the installation and interconnected in the fluid path network.

[0005] The various devices may operate with a determined fluid pressure. In particular, it may be necessary to activate and / or deactivate a device based on an upper fluid pressure threshold and a lower fluid pressure threshold.

[0006] An example of such a device is a compressor configured to supply a general or main line, or an auxiliary tank, of the railway vehicle.

[0007] The installation is thus provided with at least one activation and deactivation device configured to activate and / or deactivate the device depending on a pressure gradient detected by the device, which can be positive or negative.

[0008] At the input, the activation and deactivation device is connected to the fluid path network and at the output, the activation and deactivation device is connected to the appliance.

[0009] The activation and deactivation device can therefore be configured to activate the device when the fluid pressure reaches the upper fluid pressure threshold, starting from a lower pressure, and to deactivate the device when the fluid pressure reaches the lower fluid pressure threshold, starting from a higher pressure, or vice versa.

[0010] In particular, such an activation and deactivation device may comprise a body delimiting a pressure chamber, a piston movable inside this pressure chamber against a spring member, an end rod mounted on the movable piston projecting from the pressure chamber, and a switch mounted opposite the end rod.

[0011] As the pressure increases in the pressure chamber, the piston moves against the force exerted by the spring member and the end rod moves closer to the switch until it contacts it and engages it, to activate or deactivate the device.

[0012] Conversely, when the pressure in the pressure chamber drops, the piston moves due to the bias of the spring member and the end rod moves away from the switch and disengages it, so as to deactivate or activate the device.

[0013] The activation and deactivation device described above is thus configured to admit: a first configuration when the pressurized fluid exceeds for example the first fluid pressure threshold, in which the piston and the end rod are each in an extended position with the end rod in contact with the actuator; and a second configuration when the pressurized fluid passes for example below the second fluid pressure threshold, in which the piston and the end rod are each in a retracted position with the end rod remote from the actuator. STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0014] The present invention relates to a railway installation having an activation and deactivation device of the type described above, which is particularly efficient while remaining convenient and economical.

[0015] The invention thus relates, according to a first aspect, to a railway installation comprising a fluid routing network, at least one device connected to the fluid routing network and configured to be activated or deactivated as a function of an upper fluid pressure threshold and a lower fluid pressure threshold, and a device for activating and deactivating said at least one device, connected, at the input, to the fluid routing network and, at the output, to the at least one device; the activation and deactivation device comprising: - an activation and deactivation member connected to the at least one device; - a body comprising a lower chamber; - a control member arranged to move in the lower chamber and delimiting with the body a pressure chamber connected to the fluid path network, the control member further having an actuating rod comprising an end portion extending out of the lower chamber, the control member being configured to be moved in the lower chamber under the effect of the pressurized fluid between a first position of the control member in which the activation and deactivation member is deactivated, respectively activated, and a second position of the control member in which the activation and deactivation member is activated, respectively deactivated; - a contact mechanism configured to be moved by the end portion of the actuating rod between a first position in which the contact mechanism disengages, respectively engages, the activation and deactivation member, and a second position in which the contact mechanism engages, respectively disengages, the activation and deactivation member; ; the activation and deactivation device being configured to admit: - a first configuration, when the pressurized fluid is below the lower fluid pressure threshold or below the upper fluid pressure threshold, wherein the control member and the contact mechanism are in their respective first position or between their respective first position and second position; - a second configuration, when the pressurized fluid reaches the upper fluid pressure threshold, in which the control member and the contact mechanism are in their respective second position; with the activation and deactivation device which further comprises a holding mechanism configured to hold the contact mechanism in its second position, and a return mechanism configured to move the contact mechanism from its second position in which it is held, to its first position;and the activation and deactivation device which is configured to admit a third configuration, when the pressurized fluid is below the upper fluid pressure threshold and above an intermediate fluid pressure threshold which is higher than the lower fluid pressure threshold, third configuration in which the control member is in an intermediate position between its first position and its second position, and the holding mechanism maintains, against the return mechanism, the contact mechanism in its second position.;

[0016] In the installation according to the invention, it is possible to maintain the contact mechanism in its second position, corresponding to the engagement or disengagement of the activation and deactivation member, as long as the pressurized fluid has a pressure value lower than the upper threshold, but greater than or equal to the intermediate threshold.

[0017] Thanks to the activation and deactivation device, there is no activation or deactivation as soon as the pressurized fluid has a pressure value lower than the upper threshold.

[0018] However, when the pressurized fluid is below the intermediate threshold, then the activation and deactivation device is in its first configuration.

[0019] In other words, as soon as the pressurized fluid has a pressure value lower than the intermediate threshold, then the holding mechanism does not no longer holds, against the return member, the contact member in its second position, but the return member returns the contact member to its first position.

[0020] Preferred, simple, convenient and economical features of the railway installation according to the invention are presented below.

[0021] The contact mechanism is mechanically secured to the end portion of the actuating rod and mounted at least partially slidably on the end portion and / or pivotally relative to the end portion.

[0022] The return mechanism comprises an upper stop member arranged on the end portion of the actuating rod and which is configured to drive by contact, directly or indirectly, the contact mechanism from its second position to its first position.

[0023] The upper stop member is configured to bear directly on the contact mechanism to drive it from its second position to its first position.

[0024] The return mechanism further comprises at least one intermediate part on which the upper stop member acts to drive the contact mechanism by contact from its second position to its first position.

[0025] The intermediate part is formed by a return spring and / or by a spacer and / or by a return lever.

[0026] The contact mechanism comprises a sleeve movable in translation on the end portion of the actuating rod.

[0027] The contact mechanism comprises a lever which is movable in rotation relative to the body and which is subject to translation and / or rotation on the end portion of the actuating rod.

[0028] The activation and deactivation device comprises a lower stop member arranged on the end portion of the actuating rod, and which is configured to drive by contact the contact mechanism from its first position to its second position.

[0029] The holding mechanism comprises at least one elastic element configured to directly or indirectly exert an elastic force of holding on the contact mechanism, such that the elastic element holds the contact mechanism in its second position in the second configuration and in the third configuration of the activation and deactivation device.

[0030] The holding mechanism further comprises a holding part which is stressed by the at least one elastic element and the contact mechanism comprises a complementary holding member configured to cooperate with the holding part of the holding mechanism in the second configuration and in the third configuration of the activation and deactivation device.

[0031] The at least one elastic element is configured to admit a first stable position in which it stresses the contact mechanism which is at a distance from its second position and a second stable position in which it stresses the contact mechanism which is in its second position, the at least one elastic element further admitting a tilting position for the passage from one to the other of its first stable position and its second stable position by means of an external stress.

[0032] The contact mechanism comprises an end head and the holding mechanism comprises a shoe arranged between the at least one elastic element and the end head of the contact mechanism, with the shoe and the end head being configured to cooperate, by friction and / or by stop, so as to hold the contact mechanism in its second position in the second configuration and in the third configuration of the activation and deactivation device.

[0033] The body of the activation and deactivation device comprises a secondary cavity and the holding mechanism is formed by a holding piston arranged movably in the secondary cavity and delimiting with the body a secondary pressure chamber connected to the fluid path network, the holding piston being provided with a holding piston rod which is configured on the one hand to form a stop in position when the contact mechanism is in its second position and on the other hand to retract when the pressurized fluid has a pressure value lower than the intermediate threshold.

[0034] The return member may further comprise an intermediate part arranged between one of the first stop and the second stop and the contact member.

[0035] The invention also relates, according to a second aspect, to a railway vehicle comprising an installation as described above.

[0036] The invention also relates, according to a third aspect, to a device for activating and deactivating at least one device, configured to be connected, at the input, to a fluid routing network and, at the output, to the at least one device, the activation and deactivation device comprising: - an activation and deactivation member connected to the at least one device; - a body comprising a lower chamber; - a control member arranged to move in the lower chamber and delimiting with the body a pressure chamber connected to the fluid path network, the control member further having an actuating rod comprising an end portion extending out of the lower chamber, the control member being configured to be moved in the lower chamber under the effect of the pressurized fluid between a first position of the control member in which the activation and deactivation member is deactivated, respectively activated, and a second position of the control member in which the activation and deactivation member is activated, respectively deactivated; - a contact mechanism configured to be moved by the end portion of the actuating rod between a first position in which the contact mechanism disengages, respectively engages, the activation and deactivation member, and a second position in which the contact mechanism engages, respectively disengages, the activation and deactivation member; the activation and deactivation device being configured to admit: - a first configuration, when the pressurized fluid is below the lower fluid pressure threshold or below the upper fluid pressure threshold, in which the control member and the contact mechanism are in their respective first position or between their respective first position and their respective second position; - a second configuration, when the pressurized fluid reaches the upper fluid pressure threshold, in which the control member and the contact mechanism are in their respective second position; with the activation and deactivation device which further comprises a holding mechanism configured to hold the contact mechanism in its second position, and a return mechanism configured to move the contact mechanism from its second position in which it is held, to its first position;and with the activation and deactivation device which is configured to admit a third configuration, when the pressurized fluid is below the upper fluid pressure threshold and above an intermediate fluid pressure threshold which is higher than the lower fluid pressure threshold, third configuration in which the control member is in an intermediate position between its first position and its second position, and the holding mechanism maintains, against the return mechanism, the contact mechanism in its second position.; BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0037] The invention, according to an exemplary embodiment, will be well understood and its advantages will appear better on reading the detailed description which follows, given for information purposes and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended drawings.

[0038] Figure 1 schematically represents a railway installation comprising in particular a fluid routing network comprising a pressure agent, a railway system comprising an apparatus and a device for activating and deactivating the apparatus.

[0039] Figure 2 is a sectional view schematically showing the activation and deactivation device according to one embodiment and in a first state of the device, in which the pressure of the pressure agent in the fluid path network is equal to a first pressure value.

[0040] Figure 3 is similar to Figure 2 and schematically represents the activation and deactivation device in a second state of the device, wherein the pressure of the pressure agent in the fluid path network is equal to a second pressure value greater than the first pressure value.

[0041] Figure 4 is similar to Figure 2 and schematically represents the activation and deactivation device in a third state of the device, in which the pressure of the pressure agent in the fluid path network is equal to a third pressure value greater than the first pressure value and the second pressure value.

[0042] Figure 5 is similar to Figure 2 and schematically represents the activation and deactivation device in a fourth state of the device, in which the pressure of the pressure agent in the fluid path network is equal to a fourth pressure value greater than the first, second and third pressure values.

[0043] Figure 6 is similar to Figure 2 and schematically represents the activation and deactivation device in a fifth state of the device, in which the pressure of the pressure agent in the fluid path network is equal to a fifth pressure value lower than the fourth pressure value.

[0044] Figure 7 is similar to Figure 2 and schematically represents the activation and deactivation device in a sixth state of the device, in which the pressure of the pressure agent in the fluid path network is equal to a sixth pressure value lower than the fourth and fifth pressure values.

[0045] Figure 8 is similar to Figure 2 and schematically represents the activation and deactivation device in a seventh state of the device, in which the pressure of the pressure agent in the fluid path network is equal to a seventh pressure value lower than the fourth, fifth and sixth pressure values.

[0046] Figure 9 is a sectional view schematically and partially representing a first variant embodiment of the activation and deactivation device visible in Figures 2 to 8, in a first state in which the activation and deactivation device deactivates the apparatus.

[0047] Figure 10 is similar to Figure 9 and schematically represents the activation and deactivation device in a second state in which it activates the apparatus.

[0048] Figure 11 is a sectional view schematically and partially representing a second variant embodiment of the activation and deactivation device visible in Figures 2 to 8, in a first state in which the activation and deactivation device deactivates the apparatus.

[0049] Figure 12 is similar to Figure 11 and schematically represents the activation and deactivation device in a second state in which it activates the apparatus.

[0050] Figure 13 is a sectional view schematically and partially showing a third alternative embodiment of the activation and deactivation device visible in Figures 2 to 8, in a first state in which the activation and deactivation device deactivates the apparatus.

[0051] Figure 14 is similar to Figure 13, and schematically represents which the activation and deactivation device in a second state in which it activates the apparatus.

[0052] Figure 15 is a sectional view schematically and partially showing a fourth alternative embodiment of the activation and deactivation device visible in Figures 2 to 8, in a first state in which the activation and deactivation device deactivates the apparatus.

[0053] Figure 16 is similar to Figure 15 and schematically represents which the activation and deactivation device in a second state in which it activates the apparatus.

[0054] Figure 17 is a sectional view schematically showing a fifth alternative embodiment of the activation and deactivation device visible in Figures 2 to 8, in a first state in which the activation and deactivation device deactivates the apparatus.

[0055] Figure 18 is similar to Figure 17 and schematically represents which the activation and deactivation device in a second state in which it activates the apparatus. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] Figure 1 schematically represents a railway installation 1, which may for example be a railway vehicle, comprising a fluid routing network 2 and at least one source of pressure agent supplying the fluid routing network 2.

[0057] It is specifically a pneumatic pressure agent but it could be a hydraulic pressure agent.

[0058] The railway installation 1 also comprises at least one device 3, connected to the fluid routing network 2 and capable of being fluidically supplied by the latter.

[0059] The railway installation 1 may comprise a railway system of which the apparatus 3 may be a part.

[0060] In the illustrated example, the system is a railway braking system which may comprise a brake cylinder 4 configured to act on a lining or block brake (not shown) and which is supplied fluidically by the fluid routing network 2.

[0061] In the example illustrated in Figure 1, the device 3 is a pressure agent compressor.

[0062] The fluid routing network 2 here comprises a so-called main pipe 5, and a so-called general pipe 6, each running along the railway installation 1.

[0063] The main pipe 5 is a pipe in which a pressure agent circulates at a first pressure, for example between 7 and 9 bars, while a pressure agent at a second pressure lower than the first pressure, for example between 0 and 5 bars, circulates in the general pipe 6.

[0064] The device 3 is fluidically connected to the main line 5 and makes it possible to supply the main line 5 with pressure agent at the higher pressure.

[0065] The fluid routing network 2 may comprise a mechanic's valve 7 which fluidically connects the main pipe 5 to the general pipe 6.

[0066] The fluid routing network 2 may further comprise an auxiliary tank 8 which is fluidically connected both to the main pipe 5 and to the general pipe 6.

[0067] In the illustrated example, the brake cylinder 4 is fluidically connected to the auxiliary reservoir 8 for supplying the brake cylinder 4 and applying or disapplying a braking function.

[0068] Furthermore, the railway installation 1 also comprises an activation and deactivation device 9 which is provided for activating and deactivating the device 3.

[0069] The fluid routing network 2 comprises a supply pipe 10 connected to the main pipe 5 and to which the activation and deactivation device 9 is fluidically connected at the inlet.

[0070] The activation and deactivation device 9 is further connected as an output to the device 3.

[0071] In particular, it may be an electrical connection at the output (shown in dotted lines in Figure 1).

[0072] The activation and deactivation device 9 makes it possible to activate or deactivate the device 3 depending on the pressure of the fluid in the fluid path network 2.

[0073] In particular, the apparatus 3 may be activated or deactivated based on at least an upper fluid pressure threshold and a lower fluid pressure threshold.

[0074] In the illustrated example, the activation and deactivation device 9 makes it possible to activate the device 3 when the pressure of the pressure agent in the main pipe 5 falls below a lower fluid pressure threshold, for example below 7 bars, and to deactivate the device 3 when the pressure of the pressure agent in the main pipe 5 rises above an upper fluid pressure threshold, for example above 9 bars.

[0075] In other words, here, the activation and deactivation device 9 makes it possible to activate the device 3, here the compressor, when the pressure in the main pipe 5 decreases, for example due to leaks in the fluid path network 2, to keep it activated until the pressure reach sufficient pressure in the main line 5, then deactivate it.

[0076] Thus, the activation and deactivation device 9 here combines two functions in a single device, including the function of activating the device 3 as a function of a so-called lower pressure level, and the function of deactivating the device 3 as a function of a so-called higher pressure level.

[0077] Figure 2 is a sectional view of the activation and deactivation device 9 according to one embodiment.

[0078] The activation and deactivation device 9 is provided with a body 11 comprising a wall 12 and a lower chamber 13 delimited by the wall 12.

[0079] In the illustrated example, the body 11 also comprises an upper chamber 14 delimited by the wall 12, and which is adjacent to the lower chamber 13.

[0080] Here, the wall 12 has an opening 15 through which the upper chamber 14 and the lower chamber 13 communicate.

[0081] The activation and deactivation device 9 comprises a drive assembly 16 arranged in the lower chamber 13, and an actuation assembly 17 arranged in the upper chamber 14.

[0082] The drive assembly 16 is configured to move the actuating assembly 17.

[0083] The drive assembly 16 comprises a control member 18 arranged movably in the lower chamber 13, and which can be moved under the effect of the pressure agent traveling in the fluid path network 2.

[0084] The control member 18 comprises a piston head 19 arranged movably in the lower chamber 13, and an actuating rod 20 extending from the piston head 19 into the lower chamber 13 and which is turned towards the upper chamber 14.

[0085] The actuating rod 20 has an end portion 21 which extends out of the lower chamber 13, and which here extends into the upper chamber 14 through the opening 15.

[0086] The body 11 may comprise a cover 22 which makes it possible to close the lower chamber 13.

[0087] On the side of the piston head 19 opposite the actuating rod 20, the piston head 19 defines with the wall 12 of the body 11 as well as with the cover 22 a pressure chamber 23 in the lower chamber 13.

[0088] The drive assembly 16 may also comprise a membrane clamp 26 inserted into the lower chamber 13 and defining a shoulder for the piston head 19 of the control member 18, i.e. the membrane clamp 26 defines a maximum stroke of the control member 18.

[0089] Furthermore, the drive assembly 16 may comprise a membrane 27, the periphery of which may be engaged between the membrane clamp 26 and the cover 22 closing the lower chamber 13, which makes it possible to ensure the sealing of the pressure chamber 23.

[0090] In other words, the pressure chamber 23 is here delimited by the cover 22 and the membrane 27, which is flexible and deformable and which follows the movement of the control member 18.

[0091] The cover 22 comprises a filling opening 28, to which the supply line 10 can be connected, which allows the pressure chamber 23 to be connected to the fluid routing network 2, and thus to be supplied by the latter.

[0092] Furthermore, the drive assembly 16 comprises a return spring 29 arranged in the lower chamber 13, between the piston head 19 of the control member 18 and the wall 12 of the body 11.

[0093] The drive assembly 16 may also comprise one or more adjustment washers or shims 30, which may be arranged in the lower chamber 13 between the wall 12 of the body 11 and the return spring 29, which bears on the adjustment shims 30, which makes it possible to adjust the preload of the return spring 29 according to the number of adjustment shims 30 used.

[0094] The return spring 29 has the effect of returning the control member 18 against the pressure agent acting on the control member. command 18 and which tends to move it towards the upper chamber 14.

[0095] The drive assembly 16 may also comprise a first ring 24 arranged in the opening 15, and a second ring 25 arranged around the periphery of the piston head 19, these rings each forming a smooth bearing, which facilitates the sliding of the control member 18 in the lower chamber 13.

[0096] The activation and deactivation device 9 comprises an activation and deactivation member 31 which is connected, here electrically, at the output to the device 3.

[0097] The actuation assembly 17 is configured to act on the activation and deactivation member 31, and comprises a contact mechanism 32 configured to actuate the activation and deactivation member 31, and a return mechanism 33 configured to move the contact mechanism 32 under the effect of the control member 18.

[0098] Thus, the activation and deactivation member 31, and thus the device 3, can be activated or deactivated via the control member 18, on which the pressure medium acts which is under pressure in the pressure chamber 23.

[0099] For example, the activation and deactivation member 31 is an electrical switch or interrupter, also called a “switch” in English terminology.

[0100] The actuation assembly 17 also comprises a holding mechanism 34 configured to hold the contact mechanism 32 in a position in which it urges the activation and deactivation member 31, which is here a position in which the apparatus 3 is activated, as described in more detail in the remainder of the description.

[0101] The actuating assembly 17 is configured to engage, respectively disengage, the activation and deactivation member 31 when the pressure of the pressure agent in the pressure chamber 23 exceeds an upper pressure threshold, when the pressure increases in the pressure chamber 23, and to disengage, respectively engage, the activation and deactivation member 31 when the pressure of the fluid in the pressure chamber 23 falls below a lower pressure threshold, when the pressure decreases in the pressure chamber 23.

[0102] Thus, the activation and deactivation device 9 makes it possible to engage and disengage the activation and deactivation member 31 at different pressure levels depending on the direction of change of the pressure in the pressure chamber 23.

[0103] The contact mechanism 32 comprises a sleeve 35 which is here arranged on the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20, and a needle 40 which can be moved by the sleeve 35 so as to mechanically stress the activation and deactivation member 31.

[0104] The sleeve 35 is freely inserted onto the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20.

[0105] In other words, the sleeve 35 is movable in translation on the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20.

[0106] The end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20 is provided with a lower stop member 36, arranged on the control member 18 on one side of the sleeve 35 directed towards the lower chamber 13.

[0107] The lower stop member 36 makes it possible to move the sleeve 35 with the control member 18 when the sleeve 35 is in abutment with the lower stop member 36, in particular when the control member 18 is in a first position, when it is moved in the direction of the upper chamber 14 under the effect of an increasing pressure of the pressure agent in the pressure chamber 23.

[0108] The return mechanism 33 is configured to move the sleeve 35 with the control member 18, in particular when the control member 18 is in a second position, when it is moved towards the lower chamber 13 under the effect of decreasing pressure of the pressure agent in the pressure chamber 23.

[0109] In the illustrated example, the return mechanism 33 comprises an upper stop member 37 of the sleeve 35, which is arranged on the portion end 21 of the actuating rod 20 on the side of the sleeve 35 opposite the lower stop member 36.

[0110] The upper stop member 37 and the lower stop member 36 are separated by a distance greater than the dimension of the sleeve 35 in a general direction of extension of the actuating rod 20.

[0111] Thus, the control member 18 can slide in the sleeve 35 between the upper stop member 37 and the lower stop member 36 without generating any movement of the sleeve 35.

[0112] Furthermore, the sleeve 35 can therefore also slide relative to the actuating rod 20 between the upper stop member 37 and the lower stop member 36.

[0113] The upper stop member 37 and the lower stop member 36 can each be produced respectively by a pair of first nuts 38 and a pair of second nuts 39 mounted in a locknut configuration on the actuating rod 20, which is here threaded.

[0114] In the illustrated example, the distance between the upper stop member 37 and the lower stop member 36 can be adjusted by screwing and unscrewing the nuts 38 and 39, as described in the remainder of the description.

[0115] The sleeve 35 is configured to move the needle 40 so as to mechanically stress the activation and deactivation member 31.

[0116] Alternatively, the needle can be replaced by a ball or roller.

[0117] In the example illustrated, the actuating assembly 17 comprises a first block 41, arranged around the sleeve 35, and which is provided with a through opening 42 in which the sleeve 35 can slide.

[0118] The first block 41 is secured to the wall 12, for example by screwing.

[0119] The activation and deactivation member 31 comprises a contactor or switch 43, and the first block 41 is here provided with a first groove 44 at the bottom of which the switch 43 is arranged.

[0120] The first groove 44 here extends in depth in a direction substantially orthogonal to the direction of extension of the through opening 42 and therefore of the sleeve 35.

[0121] The needle 40 is arranged to move in the first groove 44, so as to be able to mechanically actuate the switch 43 when the needle 40 is at the bottom of the first groove 44.

[0122] Here, the depth of the first groove 44 corresponds substantially to the diameter of the needle 40.

[0123] The sleeve 35 comprises an outer wall 46 and a second groove 45 formed in the outer wall 46, in which the needle 40 can be at least partially housed.

[0124] In the illustrated example, the second groove 45 is of asymmetrical section, with a slope of the second groove 45 which is gentler on the side directed towards the lower chamber 13, and steeper on the side opposite it.

[0125] In particular, a flat of variable dimension can be provided in the second groove 45, so that the sleeve 35 has a variable external diameter at the level of the second groove 45.

[0126] When the sleeve 35 slides in the through opening 42, the needle 40 which is in contact with the outer diameter of the sleeve 35 can be driven in translation in the first groove 44.

[0127] The contact mechanism 32 can admit a first position, in which the sleeve 35 is in a first position in which the second groove 45 is opposite the first groove 44, and the needle 40 is in a first position in which it is located at the bottom of the second groove 45, at the entrance to the first groove 44 and at a distance from the switch 43.

[0128] The contact mechanism 32 can also admit a second position, in which the sleeve 35 is in a second position in which the second groove 45 is no longer opposite the first groove 44, and the needle 40 is in a second position in which it is in contact with the external wall 46 of the sleeve 35, at the bottom of the first groove 44 and in contact with the switch 43.

[0129] The holding mechanism 34 here comprises a lock 47 which cooperates with the sleeve 35 to hold the latter in its first position, respectively in its second position.

[0130] The sleeve 35 comprises at least a third groove 48 formed in the external wall 46, and in which the lock 47 can be at least partially housed.

[0131] In the illustrated example, the sleeve 35 also has a fourth groove 49, which may be directly adjacent to and similar to the third groove 48.

[0132] Here, the third groove 48 and the fourth groove 49 are arranged one above the other.

[0133] In particular, the fourth groove 49 is located on the sleeve 35 substantially at the same height as the second groove 45.

[0134] The sleeve 35 is held in its first position when the lock 47 is housed in the third groove 48, and held in its second position when the lock 47 is housed in the fourth groove 49.

[0135] In the example illustrated, the first block 41 comprises a radial opening 50, substantially at the same height as the first groove 44, and the lock 47 comprises, starting from one side of the radial opening 50 which is proximal to the sleeve 35 and in this order, a second needle 51 which can also be replaced by a ball or a roller, a movable pin 52, a helical spring 53 and an adjustment screw 54.

[0136] The second needle 51, the movable pin 52, the helical spring 53 and the adjustment screw 54 are housed in the radial opening 50.

[0137] The second needle 51 and the movable pin 52 are movable in translation in the radial opening 50, and the adjustment screw 54 is screwed into the end of the radial opening 50 which is distal from the sleeve 35, this end being for example threaded here.

[0138] Thus, the helical spring 53, which here is for example a compression spring, is taken between the adjustment screw 54 and the movable pin 52, which makes it possible to return the movable pin 52 and the second needle 51 in the direction of the sleeve 35, and to exert a retaining force on the sleeve 35.

[0139] When the second needle 51 is housed at least partially in the fourth groove 49, the sleeve 35 is held in its first position in which the first needle 40 is housed at least partially in the second groove 45, and does not activate the switch 43.

[0140] When the second needle 51 is housed at least partially in the third groove 48, the sleeve 35 is held in its second position in which the first needle 40 is driven by the sleeve 35 into the bottom of the first groove 44, and actuates the switch 43.

[0141] The operation of the activation and deactivation device 9 will now be described, still with reference to FIG. 2 and to FIGS. 3 to 8 which show different states of the activation and deactivation device 9.

[0142] In Figure 2, the activation and deactivation device 9 is in a state in which the pressure of the pressure agent in the pressure chamber 23 is equal to a first value, for example a zero value relative to the atmosphere.

[0143] The control member 18 is in a first position, here an extremely low position.

[0144] The upper stop member 37 is in the immediate vicinity of, or even in contact with, the sleeve 35 while the lower stop member 36 is at a distance from the sleeve 35.

[0145] The second needle 51 of the holding mechanism 34 is housed in the fourth groove 49 of the sleeve 35, which is in its first position, and the contact mechanism 32 is in its first position, with the first needle 40 which is in its first position, housed in the second groove 45 of the sleeve 35, and in which it does not actuate the switch 43.

[0146] In the state shown in Figure 2, the activation and deactivation device 9 does not activate the apparatus 3.

[0147] Figure 3 shows the activation and deactivation device 9 in another state in which the fluid pressure in the pressure chamber 23 has increased compared to the state shown in Figure 2, for example to 5 bar relative to the atmosphere.

[0148] In the state shown in Figure 3, neither the upper stop member 37 nor the lower stop member 36 are in contact with the sleeve 35.

[0149] In particular, the upper stop member 37 has moved away from the sleeve 35 while the lower stop member 36 has moved closer to the sleeve 35.

[0150] The second needle 51 of the holding mechanism 34 is still housed in the fourth groove 49 of the sleeve 35, which is in its first position, and the contact mechanism 32 is in its first position, with the first needle 40 which is in its first position, housed in the second groove 45, in which it does not actuate the switch 43.

[0151] The holding mechanism 34 thus holds the sleeve 35 in its first position, which remains unchanged relative to the position of the sleeve 35 shown in Figure 2.

[0152] In the state shown in Figure 3, the activation and deactivation device 9 still does not activate the apparatus 3.

[0153] Figure 4 shows the activation and deactivation device 9 in a state in which the fluid pressure in the pressure chamber 23 has further increased compared to Figures 2 and 3, for example to 10 bar relative to the atmosphere.

[0154] The upper stop member 37 has moved further away from the sleeve 35 and is not in contact with the latter, while the lower stop member 36 moved even closer to the sleeve 35 until it came into contact with the sleeve 35, and pushed it.

[0155] The sleeve 35, which begins to move upwards in Figure 4, moves the second needle 51 of the holding mechanism 34 into the through opening 42 against the coil spring 53, and is no longer housed in the fourth groove 49 of the sleeve 35, but is located between the third groove 48 and the fourth groove 49.

[0156] The sleeve 35 is between its first position and its second position, and the contact mechanism 32 is gradually pushed into its second position, towards the switch 43, which is however not stressed.

[0157] In the state shown in Figure 4, the activation and deactivation device 9 still does not activate the device 3.

[0158] Figure 5 shows the activation and deactivation device 9 in yet another state in which the fluid pressure in the pressure chamber 23 has further increased compared to Figures 2 to 4, for example to 11 bar relative to atmosphere.

[0159] The control member 18 is in a second position, here an extremely high position.

[0160] The lower stop member 36 is here always in contact with the sleeve 35.

[0161] The sleeve 35 is now in its second position, and the second needle 51 of the holding mechanism 34 is housed in the third groove 48.

[0162] However, it will be noted that the configuration of the sleeve 35 automatically allows it to move into its second position, even if the lower stop member 36 is no longer in contact with the sleeve 35.

[0163] The first needle 40 has completely left the second groove 45 and is in its second position, and activates the switch 43.

[0164] In the state shown in Figure 5, the activation and deactivation device 9 now activates the apparatus 3.

[0165] Thus, the upper pressure threshold from which device 3 is activated corresponds to 11 bars in the example shown.

[0166] Figure 6 shows the activation and deactivation device 9 in yet another state in which the fluid pressure in the pressure chamber 23 has decreased compared to Figure 5, and is for example at 8 bar relative to the atmosphere.

[0167] The control member 18 is in a third intermediate position between its high position and its low position.

[0168] Neither the upper stop member 37 nor the lower stop member 36 are in contact with the sleeve 35.

[0169] In particular, the upper stop member 37 has moved closer to the sleeve 35 while the lower stop member 36 has moved away from the sleeve 35.

[0170] The second needle 51 of the holding mechanism 34 is still housed in the third groove 48 of the sleeve 35, which is in its second position, and the contact mechanism 32 is in its second position, with the first needle 40 which is in its second position, out of the second groove 45 at the bottom of the first groove 44 and urging the switch 43.

[0171] In the state shown in Figure 6, the holding mechanism 34 thus holds the sleeve 35 in its second position, which remains unchanged from that shown in Figure 5.

[0172] In the state shown in Figure 6, the activation and deactivation device 9 always activates the apparatus 3 despite the pressure drop.

[0173] Figure 7 shows the activation and deactivation device 9 in yet another state in which the fluid pressure in the pressure chamber 23 has further decreased compared to Figures 5 and 6, for example to 5 bar relative to the atmosphere.

[0174] The upper stop member 37 has moved closer and is in contact with the sleeve 35 and the lower stop member 36 has moved further away and is at a distance from the sleeve 35.

[0175] The second needle 51 of the holding mechanism 34 is housed in the third groove 48 of the sleeve 35, which is in its second position, and the contact mechanism 32 is in its second position, with the first needle 40 which is in its second position outside the second groove 45 at the bottom of the first groove 44 and urging the switch 43.

[0176] In the state shown in Figure 7, the activation and deactivation device 9 thus still activates the device 3, despite the further drop in pressure.

[0177] Figure 8 shows the activation and deactivation device 9 in yet another, so-called unstable, state, in which the fluid pressure in the pressure chamber 23 has further decreased compared to Figures 5 to 7, for example to 3 bar relative to the atmosphere.

[0178] The lower stop member 36 has moved further away and remains at a distance from the sleeve 35, while the upper stop member 37 has moved further towards it until it comes into contact with the sleeve 35 and pulls on it.

[0179] The sleeve 35, which begins to move downwards in Figure 8, moves the second needle 51 of the holding mechanism 34 into the radial opening 50 against the helical spring 53 and the movable pin 52 interposed between the helical spring 53 and the second needle 51, which is no longer housed in the third groove 48 of the sleeve 35, but which is located between the third groove 48 and the fourth groove 49.

[0180] The sleeve 35 is between its first position and its second position, and the contact mechanism 32 is gradually returned to its first position, the first needle 40 being returned towards the second groove 45 and away from the switch 43, which is however still acted upon by the contact mechanism 32 in this state.

[0181] The activation and deactivation device 9 thus still activates the device 3 in this state, despite the new drop in pressure, but a change of state is in progress.

[0182] Indeed, when the pressure of the fluid in the pressure chamber 23 decreases further, and reaches for example 2 bars relative to the atmosphere, the second needle 51 passes again into the fourth groove 49 and the sleeve 35 passes into its first position. Consequently, the first needle 40 is returned to the bottom of the second groove 45 and no longer actuates the switch 43.

[0183] The activation and deactivation device 9 is then in substantially the same state as that shown in FIG. 2, and no longer activates the device 3.

[0184] Thus, the lower pressure threshold from which device 3 is deactivated corresponds to 2 bars in the example shown.

[0185] The lower pressure threshold and the upper pressure threshold can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the upper stop member 37 and the lower stop member 36 respectively.

[0186] This allows the differential between the lower pressure threshold and the upper pressure threshold to be adjusted.

[0187] This can also be done by adjusting the return spring 29, for example by means of the adjustment shims 30, which makes it possible to increase or decrease both the lower pressure threshold and the upper pressure threshold by the same amount.

[0188] In the illustrated example, the adjustment can be carried out by screwing more or less the pair of first nuts 38, respectively second nuts 39 onto the end portion 21 which is threaded.

[0189] In accordance with the operation described above, the activation and deactivation device 9 makes it possible to activate the device 3 according to a first pressure level, and deactivate the device 3 according to a second pressure level.

[0190] Other embodiments of the activation and deactivation device 9 are described below.

[0191] In the following description of embodiments, elements similar or identical to those described in connection with the embodiment of Figures 2 to 8 bear the same reference numbers.

[0192] Figures 9 and 10 illustrate a first variant embodiment of the activation and deactivation device 9, only the actuation assembly 17 being shown in these figures, the drive assembly being similar or identical to the drive assembly 16 illustrated in Figures 2 to 8.

[0193] In this first variant, the actuating assembly 17 comprises a contact mechanism 132 provided with a lever 135 having a first end which is secured to the body 11 at a first pivot point 131.

[0194] The lever 135 is also secured to the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20.

[0195] The lever 135 is mounted both slidably and pivotably on the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20.

[0196] In the example illustrated, the lever 135 has a transverse opening 136 which is oblong, and into which the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20 is introduced.

[0197] The lever 135 comprises a contact member 137 which is configured to actuate the switch 43 of the activation and deactivation member 31.

[0198] In the illustrated example, the lever 135 has a threaded through opening 138 and the contact member 137 is formed by a screw which is inserted into the threaded through opening 138 so that the free end of the screw protrudes from the threaded through opening 138, and so that it can actuate the switch 43 when the lever 135 pivots.

[0199] Furthermore, the actuation assembly 17 comprises a holding mechanism 134 which here comprises a pin-type torsion spring 153, having a first free end 154 and a second free end 155.

[0200] The torsion spring 153 is secured by its second free end 155 to the body 11, at a fixing point 156.

[0201] The lever 135 has a second end, opposite the first end, and to which the first free end 154 of the torsion spring 153 is secured at a second pivot point 139.

[0202] The actuation assembly 17 further comprises a return mechanism 33 which is here similar to that described in the embodiment in connection with FIGS. 2 to 8.

[0203] For example, the return mechanism 33 comprises an upper stop member 37 which can be formed by two nuts 38 arranged in a locknut configuration on the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20.

[0204] Similarly, the lower stop member 36 may be formed by two nuts 39 arranged in a locknut configuration on the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20, on the side of the lever 135 which is proximal to the lower chamber 13.

[0205] The operation of the activation and deactivation device 9 is as follows.

[0206] In the state illustrated in Figure 9, the lever 135 is in a first position in which it does not actuate the switch 43.

[0207] The torsion spring 153 is in a first position, which is here a stable position of the device, which is here a first angular position relative to the body 11 to which it is attached.

[0208] When the control member 18 moves from its first position to its second position, the lower stop member 36 comes into abutment with the lever 135, and acts against the torsion spring 153 which is in its first position and which the lever 135 holds in its first position.

[0209] When the force exerted by the control member 18 is sufficient to overcome the force exerted by the torsion spring 153, that is to say here when the pressure agent in the pressure chamber 23 reaches an upper pressure threshold, the torsion spring 153 gives way and the lever 135 pivots towards its second position, which is here a stable position of the device, in which it actuates the switch 43.

[0210] The torsion spring 153 is then in a second position, which is here a second angular position relative to the body 11.

[0211] This state of the activation and deactivation device 9 is illustrated in Figure 10.

[0212] When the pressure of the pressure medium in the pressure chamber 23 decreases, the lower stop member 36 moves away from the lever 135, and then the upper stop member 37 moves closer to and comes into contact with the lever 135.

[0213] The torsion spring 153 is still in its second position and it holds the lever 135 in its second position in which it urges the switch 43.

[0214] When the pressure of the pressure agent in the pressure chamber 23 falls below a lower pressure threshold, the torsion spring 153 passes into its first position, and the lever 135 also passes into its first position, which is here a stable position of the device, in which it does not actuate the switch 43.

[0215] Figures 11 and 12 illustrate a second variant embodiment of the activation and deactivation device 9, only the actuation assembly 17 being shown, the drive assembly being similar or identical to the drive assembly 16 illustrated in Figures 2 to 8.

[0216] In this second variant, the actuation assembly 17 comprises a contact mechanism 232 similar to the contact mechanism 132 described above in connection with the first variant embodiment of the actuation assembly 17.

[0217] The contact mechanism 232 comprises a lever 235, having a first end which is secured to the body 11 at a first pivot point 231.

[0218] On the other hand, the lever 235 is secured to the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20.

[0219] The lever 235 is mounted both slidably and pivotally on the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20.

[0220] In the example illustrated, the lever 235 has a transverse opening 236 which is oblong, and into which the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20 is introduced.

[0221] The lever 235 comprises a contact member 237 which is configured to actuate the switch 43 of the activation and deactivation member 31.

[0222] In the illustrated example, the lever 235 has a threaded through opening 238 and the contact member 237 is formed by a screw which is inserted into the threaded through opening 238 so that the free end of the screw protrudes from the threaded through opening 238, and so that it can actuate the switch 43 of the activation and deactivation member 31 when the lever 235 pivots.

[0223] Furthermore, the actuation assembly 17 comprises a holding mechanism 234 which here comprises a shoe 251 configured to be able to pivot relative to the body 11 around a third pivot point 250.

[0224] The shoe 251 has a first friction surface 252 on one of its faces which is oriented towards the lever 235.

[0225] The lever 235 has a second end, opposite the first end, which comprises an end head 248, here widened in the shape of a hammer head with a curved front face in the illustrated example.

[0226] The end head 248 comprises a second friction surface 249 on a front face of the lever 235, oriented towards the shoe 251.

[0227] The lever 235 and the shoe 251 are configured to contact each other through their respective friction surfaces 249 and 252. Here, the lever 235 and the shoe 251 are arranged substantially orthogonally to each other.

[0228] The holding mechanism 234 further comprises a compression spring 253, here of the helical spring type, engaged between the shoe 251 and the wall 12 of the body 11.

[0229] The holding mechanism 234 may also comprise a connecting member 255 mechanically secured on the one hand to the shoe 251, and on the other hand bearing on the compression spring 253, and which allows the adjustment of the preload of the compression spring 253.

[0230] For example, the connecting member 255 may comprise a threaded connecting rod 256 mechanically secured to the shoe 251, a pair of nuts 257 screwed onto the connecting rod 256, and a support washer 258 introduced onto the connecting rod 256 and which rests on the one hand in abutment against the pair of nuts 257 and on the other hand against the compression spring 253.

[0231] The actuation assembly 17 further comprises a return mechanism 33 which is here similar to that described in the embodiment in connection with FIGS. 2 to 8.

[0232] For example, the return mechanism 33 comprises an upper stop member 37 which can be formed by two nuts 38 arranged in a locknut configuration on the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20.

[0233] Similarly, the lower stop member 36 may be formed by two nuts 39 arranged in a locknut configuration on the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20, on the side of the lever 235 which is proximal to the lower chamber 13.

[0234] The operation of the activation and deactivation device 9 is as follows.

[0235] In the state illustrated in Figure 11, the lever is in a first position in which it does not actuate the switch 43.

[0236] The shoe 251 is in a first position, which is here a first angular position relative to the body 11 to which it is attached.

[0237] When the control member 18 moves from its first position to its second position, the lower stop member 36 comes into abutment with the lever 235.

[0238] The shoe 251 is held against the end head 248 of the lever 235 by the compression spring 253.

[0239] When the force exerted by the control member 18 is sufficient to overcome the friction force which results from the force exerted by the compression spring 253 at the contact zone between the first friction surface 252 and the second friction surface 249, that is to say here when the pressure agent in the pressure chamber 23 reaches an upper pressure threshold, the lever 235 pivots towards its second position in which it actuates the switch 43.

[0240] The shoe 251 is then in a second position, which is here a second angular position relative to the body 11.

[0241] This state of the activation and deactivation device 9 is illustrated in FIG. 12. Due to the complementary shape of the first friction surface 252 and the second friction surface 249, which are here respectively concave and convex, the angular rotation of the shoe 251 between its first position and its second position is small, for example of the order of a few degrees.

[0242] When the pressure of the pressure medium in the pressure chamber 23 decreases, the lower stop member 36 moves away from and is at a distance from the lever 235, then the upper stop member 37 moves closer and comes into contact with the lever 235.

[0243] The shoe 251 is still in its second position and holds the lever 235 in its second position in which it actuates the switch 43.

[0244] When the pressure of the pressure agent in the pressure chamber 23 falls below a lower pressure threshold, the force exerted by the control member 18 exceeds the friction force at the contact zone between the first friction surface 252 and the second friction surface 249, the shoe 251 passes into its first position, and the lever 235 passes also in its first position in which it does not request switch 43.

[0245] Figures 13 and 14 illustrate a third variant embodiment of the activation and deactivation device 9, only the actuation assembly 17 being shown, the drive assembly being similar or identical to the drive assembly 16 illustrated in Figures 2 to 8.

[0246] In this third variant, the actuating assembly 17 comprises a contact mechanism 332 which comprises a lever 335, comprising a first end which is secured to the body 11 at a first pivot point 331.

[0247] The lever 335 comprises a contact member 337 which is configured to actuate the switch 43 of the activation and deactivation member 31.

[0248] In the illustrated example, the lever 335 has a through-threaded opening 338 and the contact member 337 is formed by a screw which is inserted into the through-threaded opening 338 so that the free end of the screw protrudes from the through-threaded opening 338, and can actuate the switch 43 when the lever 335 pivots.

[0249] The lever 335 is secured to the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20.

[0250] The end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20 is configured to come into contact with the lever 335 at an end support point 336 of the end portion 21, in particular when the control member 18 moves from its first position to its second position.

[0251] The actuating rod 20 may comprise a cap 346 inserted or screwed onto the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20, and which comprises the end support point 336 and which here forms a lower stop member.

[0252] When the cap 346 is screwed onto the end portion 21, the stop member thus formed to be adjustable in position.

[0253] Furthermore, the actuating assembly 17 comprises a holding mechanism 334 which here comprises a pawl 351 configured to be able to pivot relative to the body 11 around a third pivot point 350.

[0254] The ratchet 351 has a tooth 352 which is oriented towards the lever 335.

[0255] The lever 335 has a second end, opposite the first end, which comprises a beak 348, oriented towards the pawl 351.

[0256] Tooth 352 of pawl 351 is configured to retain beak 348 when the latter rests on tooth 352.

[0257] Here, the lever 335 and the pawl 351 are arranged substantially orthogonally to each other.

[0258] The holding mechanism 334 further comprises a compression spring 353, here of the pin spring type, engaged between the pawl 351 and the wall 12 of the body 11.

[0259] The actuating assembly 17 further comprises a return mechanism 333 which here comprises a return lever 340 which can pivot relative to the body 11.

[0260] The return lever 340 has a first end by which it is subject to rotation to the body 11, at a fourth pivot point 341.

[0261] The return lever 340 is mounted both slidably and pivotably on the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20.

[0262] In the example illustrated, the return lever 340 has a transverse opening which is oblong, and into which the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20 is introduced.

[0263] Furthermore, the return mechanism 333 comprises an upper stop member 339 which can be formed by two nuts 330 arranged in a locknut configuration on the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20, and which can come into contact with the return lever 340.

[0264] The upper stop member 339 is here arranged between the end support point 336 and the return lever 340.

[0265] The return mechanism 333 further comprises a connecting piece 342 mechanically connecting the lever 335 and the return lever 340.

[0266] The connecting piece 342 is rotatably connected to the second end of the lever 335, at a fifth pivot point 343, and rotatably connected to a second end of the return lever 340, opposite the first end, at a sixth pivot point 344.

[0267] The connecting piece 342 here comprises a tension spring extending between the fifth pivot point 343 and the sixth pivot point 344.

[0268] Furthermore, the pawl 351 has a contact surface 354, oriented towards the lever 335, and the return lever 340 may comprise, at its second end, a rounded head 345 which may also be a roller or a bearing, and which is configured to be able to come into contact with the contact surface 354, in particular when the control member 18 passes from its second position to its first position.

[0269] The rounded head can for example be formed by a roller or a bearing.

[0270] The operation of the activation and deactivation device 9 is as follows.

[0271] In the state illustrated in Figure 13, the lever 335 is in a first position in which it does not actuate the switch 43.

[0272] The pawl 351 is in a first position, which is here a first angular position relative to the body 11 to which it is attached.

[0273] When the control member 18 moves from its first position to its second position, the cap 346 moves closer and comes into abutment with the lever 335 via the end fulcrum 336.

[0274] The lever 335 is moved to its second position, and rotates the pawl 351 by acting against the compression spring 353.

[0275] When the force exerted by the control member 18 is sufficient to overcome the force exerted by the compression spring 353, that is to say here when the pressure agent in the pressure chamber 23 reaches an upper pressure threshold, the beak 348 passes over the tooth 352 and the pawl 351 holds the lever 335 in its second position in which it actuates the switch 43.

[0276] The pawl 351 is then in a second position, which is here a second angular position relative to the body 11.

[0277] This state of the activation and deactivation device 9 is illustrated in Figure 14. Here, the angular rotation of the pawl 351 between its first position and its second position is small, for example of the order of a few degrees.

[0278] When the pressure of the pressure agent in the pressure chamber 23 decreases, the cap 346 moves away from the lever 335, then the upper stop member 339 moves closer and comes into contact with the return lever 340.

[0279] The pawl 351 is still in its second position and holds the lever 335 in its second position in which it actuates the switch 43.

[0280] When the pressure of the pressure agent in the pressure chamber 23 falls below a lower pressure threshold, the return lever 340, which is rotated by the upper stop member 339 thanks to the connecting piece 342 which comprises a spring which allows relative movement between the return lever 340 and the lever 335, comes into contact with the pawl 351 by contact of the rounded head 345 with the contact surface 354 and thus lifts the blocking of the spout 348 by the tooth 352, and pulls on the connecting piece 342, which itself pulls on the released lever 335, the latter then passing progressively from its second position to its first position in which it does not actuate the switch 43.

[0281] It will be noted that the return lever 340 is driven in rotation by the upper stop member 339, thanks to the spring of the connecting piece 342 which allows relative movement between the return lever 340 and the lever 335

[0282] Figures 15 and 16 illustrate a fourth variant embodiment of the activation and deactivation device 9, only the actuation assembly 17 being shown, the drive assembly being similar or identical to the drive assembly 16 illustrated in Figures 2 to 8.

[0283] In this fourth variant, the actuation assembly 17 comprises a contact mechanism 432 which comprises a sleeve 435, in a similar manner to the embodiment described in connection with figures 2 to 8.

[0284] The sleeve 435 is arranged on the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20, and it is here movable in translation on the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20.

[0285] The sleeve 435 includes a side arm 438 extending transversely from the sleeve 435. The side arm 438 is provided with a threaded opening, and the contact mechanism 432 includes a contact member 437 which is here formed by a screw inserted into the threaded opening of the side arm 438.

[0286] The contact member 437, and here in particular a free end of the screw protruding from the threaded opening in the side arm 438, is configured to come into contact with the switch 43 of the activation and deactivation member 31.

[0287] The end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20 comprises a lower stop member 436 which is here formed by a shoulder which the actuating rod 20 comprises.

[0288] The lower stop member 436 makes it possible to move the sleeve 435 with the control member 18 when the sleeve 435 is in abutment with the lower stop member 436, in particular when the control member 18 is in a first position, when it is moved in the direction of the upper chamber 14 under the effect of an increasing pressure of the pressure agent in the pressure chamber 23.

[0289] The actuating assembly 17 comprises a return mechanism 433 which here comprises an upper stop member 439, for example formed by a nut screwed onto the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20 which is here threaded.

[0290] The return mechanism 433 here further comprises a return spring 430 arranged on the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20 between the upper stop member 439 and the sleeve 435.

[0291] Optionally, the return mechanism 433 may also comprise a spacer (not shown) arranged on the end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20 between the upper stop member 439 and the sleeve 435, and with which the upper stop member 439 is configured to come into contact.

[0292] The actuating assembly 17 also comprises a holding mechanism 434 which here comprises a pin-type torsion spring 453, comprising a first free end and a second free end.

[0293] The torsion spring 453 is subject to rotation by its second free end to the body 11, at a fixing point 454.

[0294] The torsion spring 453 has at its first end a roller 440, which can also be a ball or a needle.

[0295] The sleeve 435 comprises a first groove 445, in which the roller 440 can be housed at least partially.

[0296] The operation of the activation and deactivation device 9 is as follows.

[0297] In the state illustrated in Figure 15, the sleeve 435 is in a first position in which it does not actuate the switch 43.

[0298] The torsion spring 453 is in a first position, in which the roller 440 is outside the first groove 445, pressing against the sleeve 435.

[0299] When the control member 18 moves from its first position to its second position, the lower stop member 436 comes into abutment with the sleeve 435, and the sleeve 435 is moved to its second position.

[0300] When the pressure agent in the pressure chamber 23 reaches an upper pressure threshold, the roller 440 is housed in the first groove 445, in which it is held under the effect of the torsion spring 453, and the holding mechanism 434, which is in a second position, holds the sleeve 435 in its second position in which it urges the switch 43.

[0301] This state of the activation and deactivation device 9 is illustrated in Figure 16.

[0302] When the pressure of the pressure agent in the pressure chamber 23 decreases, the lower stop member 436 and the sleeve 435 are moved apart and therefore at a distance from each other.

[0303] The upper stop member 339 moves towards the sleeve 435 which is held in its second position in which it urges the switch 43, and the return spring 430 is compressed.

[0304] When the pressure of the pressure agent in the pressure chamber 23 falls below a lower pressure threshold, the force exerted by the return spring 430 which is compressed exceeds the force exerted by the torsion spring 453, and the roller 440 is displaced out of the first groove 445 and the sleeve 435 moves from its second position to its first position in which it does not urge the switch 43.

[0305] Figures 17 to 18 illustrate a fifth variant embodiment of the activation and deactivation device 9.

[0306] In this fifth variant, the drive assembly 16 is similar to that illustrated in Figures 2 to 8.

[0307] Thus, the drive assembly 16 comprises a control member 18 arranged to move in the lower chamber 13, and which can be moved under the effect of the pressure agent traveling in the fluid path network.

[0308] The control member 18 comprises a piston head 19 arranged movably in the lower chamber 13, and an actuating rod 20 extending from the piston head 19 into the lower chamber 13 and which is turned towards the upper chamber 14.

[0309] The actuating rod 20 has an end portion 21 which extends out of the lower chamber 13, and which here extends into the upper chamber 14 through the opening 15.

[0310] The body 11 may include a cover 22 which makes it possible to close the lower chamber 13.

[0311] On the side of the piston head 19 opposite the actuating rod 20, the piston head 19 defines with the wall 12 of the body 11 as well as with the cover 22, a pressure chamber 23 in the lower chamber 13.

[0312] The drive assembly 16 may comprise a sheath 55 arranged in the opening 15, extending inside the lower chamber 13 and in which the actuating rod 20 can slide.

[0313] The drive assembly 16 may also comprise a membrane clamp 26 inserted into the lower chamber 13 and defining a shoulder for the piston head 19 of the control member 18, i.e. the membrane clamp 26 defines a maximum stroke of the control member 18.

[0314] Furthermore, the drive assembly 16 may comprise a membrane 27, the periphery of which may be engaged between the membrane clamp 26 and the cover 22 closing the lower chamber 13, which makes it possible to ensure the sealing of the pressure chamber 23.

[0315] In other words, the pressure chamber 23 is here delimited by the cover 22 and the membrane 27, which is flexible and deformable and which follows the movement of the control member 18.

[0316] The cover 22 comprises a filling opening 28, to which the supply line can be connected, which allows the pressure chamber 23 to be connected to the fluid path network, and thus to be supplied by the latter.

[0317] Furthermore, the drive assembly 16 comprises a return spring 29 arranged in the lower chamber 13, between the piston head 19 of the control member 18 and the wall 12 of the body 11.

[0318] The drive assembly 16 may also comprise an adjustment shim 30, which may be arranged in the lower chamber 13 between the wall 12 of the body 11 and the return spring 29 bearing on the adjustment shim 30.

[0319] Here, the adjustment shim 30 may comprise a threaded central opening, and the sheath 55 may comprise an external thread, so that the adjustment shim 30 can be screwed onto the sheath 55, and so that the preload of the return spring 29 can be adjusted by screwing and unscrewing the adjustment shim 30.

[0320] The return spring 29 has the effect of returning the control member 18 against the pressure agent under pressure acting on the control member 18 and which tends to move it towards the upper chamber 14.

[0321] The activation and deactivation device 9 comprises an activation and deactivation member 31 which is connected at the output to the device.

[0322] The actuation assembly 17 is configured to act on the activation and deactivation member 31, and comprises a contact mechanism 532 configured to actuate the activation and deactivation member 31, and a return mechanism 533 configured to move the contact mechanism 532 under the effect of the control member 18.

[0323] The contact mechanism 532 comprises a lever 535, having a first end which is secured to the body 11 at a first pivot point 531.

[0324] The lever 535 comprises a contact member 537 which is configured to actuate the switch 43 of the activation and deactivation member 31.

[0325] In the illustrated example, the lever 535 has a through-threaded opening 538 and the contact member 537 is formed by a bolt which is inserted into the through-threaded opening 538 so that the head of the bolt can actuate the switch 43 when the lever 535 pivots.

[0326] The end portion 21 of the actuating rod 20 is configured to come into contact with the lever 535 at an end support point 536 of the end portion 21, in particular when the control member 18 passes from its first position to its second position.

[0327] The actuating rod 20 may comprise an axial threaded opening and a low stop member formed by a low stop screw 539 inserted into the axial threaded opening. The head of the low stop screw 539 here comprises the end fulcrum 536 and is configured to come into contact with the lever 535. The actuating rod 20 may also comprise a nut inserted onto the low stop screw 539, and which makes it possible to adjust the position of the low stop with the lever 535.

[0328] Furthermore, the lever 535 comprises at a second end, opposite the first end, a beak 546.

[0329] The actuating assembly 17 further comprises a return mechanism 533 which here comprises a return spring 540, which here is a torsion spring.

[0330] The return spring 540 has a first end by which it is secured to the body 11, and a second end which bears against the lever 535.

[0331] The actuating assembly 17 may further comprise an upper stop member 541, which may be formed by a stud projecting from the wall 12 of the body 11 into the upper chamber 14.

[0332] The actuation assembly 17 also comprises a holding mechanism 534 configured to hold the contact mechanism 532 in a position in which it urges the activation and deactivation member 31, which is here a position in which the apparatus is activated.

[0333] The holding mechanism 534 includes a holding piston 547 which is configured to hold the lever 535 in its second position.

[0334] The holding mechanism 534 comprises a secondary cavity 548 in which the holding piston 547 is housed, and a secondary pressure chamber 549 delimited by the holding piston 547 and the secondary cavity 548.

[0335] The secondary cavity 548 can be directly formed in the wall 12 of the body 11, or be formed by a wall attached and secured to the body 11.

[0336] The holding mechanism 534 also includes a secondary fluid circulation network having a secondary conduit 550 in which the pressure agent can circulate.

[0337] The secondary line 550 fluidically connects the pressure chamber 23, here by means of a tapping in the filling opening 28, and the secondary pressure chamber 549.

[0338] For example, the secondary conduit 550 is formed directly in the wall 12 of the body 11.

[0339] The holding piston 547 includes a holding piston head 551 and a holding piston rod 552 secured to each other.

[0340] The secondary pressure chamber 549 has an opening in the wall 12 of the body 11, and through which the holding piston rod 552 opens into the upper chamber 14, opposite the spout 546 of the lever 535.

[0341] The holding piston 547 also includes a secondary return spring 553 arranged around the holding piston rod 552 between the holding piston head 551 and a wall of the secondary cavity 548.

[0342] The holding piston 547 may comprise one or more secondary adjustment shims 554 arranged between the secondary return spring 553 and the secondary cavity 548, and which make it possible to adjust the stress of the secondary return spring 553.

[0343] The operation of the activation and deactivation device 9 is as follows.

[0344] In the state illustrated in Figure 17, the lever 535 is in a first position in which it does not actuate the switch 43.

[0345] The holding piston rod 552 is in a first position, in which it does not open into the upper chamber 14.

[0346] Under the effect of increasing pressure in the pressure chamber 23, and therefore also in the secondary pressure chamber 549, the holding piston rod 552 is moved out of the secondary cavity 548, until it abuts against the beak 546 of the lever 535.

[0347] Here, the control member 18 and the holding piston 547 are dimensioned in such a way that the holding piston rod 552 first moves from its first position to a second position, before the control member 18 moves from its first position to its second position, when the pressure in the pressure chamber 23 increases.

[0348] In particular, the holding piston rod 552 moves when the pressure in the pressure chamber 23 and thus in the secondary pressure chamber 549 reaches a lower pressure threshold.

[0349] When the pressure agent in the pressure chamber 23 reaches an upper pressure threshold, the lower stop member, which is here formed by the lower stop screw 539, moves the lever 535 from its first position to its second position in which it actuates the switch 43.

[0350] The holding piston rod 552 then passes under the beak 546 of the lever 535, and is in a second position in which it holds the lever 535 in its second position.

[0351] This state of the activation and deactivation device 9 is illustrated in Figure 18.

[0352] When the pressure of the pressure medium in the pressure chamber 23 decreases, the lower stop member, which is here formed by the lower stop screw 539, moves away and is at a distance from the lever 535.

[0353] The return spring 540 exerts a return force on the lever 535, but the latter is held in its second position by the holding piston rod 552.

[0354] When the pressure of the pressure agent in the pressure chamber 23 falls below a lower pressure threshold, the holding piston rod 552 moves from its second position to its first position, and thus releases the spout 546 and therefore the lever 535 which moves from its second position to its first position in which it does not actuate the switch 43.

[0355] Variants not shown are described below.

[0356] The activation and deactivation device may be configured to activate or deactivate the device according to more than two pressure thresholds, for example, according to three or four pressure thresholds. For this purpose, for example the sleeve described in the embodiment of Figures 2 to 8 may comprise three or four grooves in which the second needle can be housed, and the activation and deactivation device may comprise two or three activation and deactivation members, for example arranged in separate radial planes.

[0357] The activation and deactivation member may be different from an electrical “switch” type device, and may for example be a mechanical or fluidic activation and deactivation member.

[0358] The operation of the activation and deactivation device can be reversed, i.e. the activation and deactivation member is deactivated when the control member switches from its first to its second position, and activated when the control member moves from its second to its first position.

[0359] In all embodiments and variations, the springs, whether helical, torsion or hairpin type, may be replaced by different springs providing the same function, in a similar arrangement.

[0360] The body of the activation and deactivation device may be of a shape other than that shown, and the lower chamber and the upper chamber may be arranged differently from each other, in particular side by side or one above the other but inversely to the configuration shown in the figures

[0361] The activation and deactivation organ consists of more than a single contactor or switch.

[0362] More generally, the invention is not limited to the examples described and represented.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Railway installation (1) comprising a fluid routing network (2), at least one device (3) connected to the fluid routing network (2) and configured to be activated or deactivated as a function of an upper fluid pressure threshold and a lower fluid pressure threshold, and a device (9) for activating and deactivating said at least one device (3), connected, at the input, to the fluid routing network (2) and, at the output, to the at least one device (3); the activation and deactivation device (9) comprising: - an activation and deactivation member (31) connected to the at least one device; - a body (11) comprising a lower chamber (13); - a control member (18) arranged movably in the lower chamber (13) and delimiting with the body (11) a pressure chamber (23) connected to the fluid path network (2), the control member (18) further having an actuating rod (20) comprising an end portion (21) extending out of the lower chamber (13), the control member (18) being configured to be moved in the lower chamber (13) under the effect of the pressurized fluid between a first position of the control member in which the activation and deactivation member (31) is deactivated, respectively activated, and a second position of the control member in which the activation and deactivation member (31) is activated, respectively deactivated; - a contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432; 532) configured to be moved by the end portion (21) of the actuating rod (20) between a first position in which the contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432; 532) disengages, respectively engages, the activation and deactivation member (31), and a second position in which the contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432; 532) engages, respectively disengages, the activation and deactivation member (31); the activation and deactivation device (9) being configured to admit: - a first configuration, when the pressurized fluid is below the lower fluid pressure threshold or below the upper fluid pressure threshold, wherein the control member (18) and the contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432; 532) are in their respective first position or between their respective first position and second position; - a second configuration, when the pressurized fluid reaches the upper fluid pressure threshold, in which the control member (18) and the contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432; 532) are in their respective second position; characterized in that the activation and deactivation device (9) further comprises a holding mechanism (34; 134; 234; 334; 434; 534) configured to hold the contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432; 532) in its second position, and a return mechanism (33; 333; 433; 533) configured to move the contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432; 532) from its second position in which it is held, to its first position;and in that the activation and deactivation device (9) is configured to admit a third configuration, when the pressurized fluid is below the upper fluid pressure threshold and above an intermediate fluid pressure threshold which is higher than the lower fluid pressure threshold, third configuration in which the control member (18) is in an intermediate position between its first position and its second position, and the holding mechanism (34; 134; 234; 334; 434; 534) holds, against the return mechanism (33; 333; 433; 533), the contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432; 532) in its second position.; 2. Railway installation (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432; 532) is mechanically secured to the end portion (21) of the actuating rod (20) and mounted at least partially sliding on the end portion (21) and / or pivoting relative to the end portion (21).

3. Railway installation (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the return mechanism (33; 333; 433; 533) comprises an upper stop member (37; 339; 439; 541) arranged on the end portion (21) of the actuating rod (20) and which is configured to drive by contact, directly or indirectly, the contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432; 532) from its second position to its first position.

4. Railway installation (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the upper stop member (37; 439; 541) is configured to bear directly on the contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 432; 532) to drive it from its second position to its first position.

5. Railway installation (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the return mechanism (333; 433) further comprises at least one intermediate part on which the upper stop member (339; 439) acts to drive the contact mechanism (332; 432) by contact from its second position to its first position.

6. Railway installation according to claim 5, characterized in that the intermediate part is formed by a return spring (430) and / or by a spacer and / or by a return lever (340).

7. Railway installation (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the contact mechanism (32; 432) comprises a sleeve (35; 435) movable in translation on the end portion (21) of the actuating rod (20).

8. Railway installation (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the contact mechanism (132; 232; 332) comprises a lever (135; 235; 335) movable in rotation relative to the body (11) and which is subject to translation and rotation on the end portion (21) of the actuating rod (20).

9. Railway installation (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the activation and deactivation device (9) comprises a lower stop member (36; 436) arranged on the end portion (21) of the actuating rod (20), and which is configured to drive by contacting the contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432; 532) from its first position to its second position.

10. Railway installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the holding mechanism (34; 134; 234; 334; 434) comprises at least one elastic element configured to directly or indirectly exert an elastic holding force on the contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432), so that the elastic element holds the contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432) in its second position in the second configuration and in the third configuration of the activation and deactivation device.

11. Railway installation (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the holding mechanism (34; 134; 234; 334; 434) further comprises a holding part which is stressed by the at least one elastic element and in that the contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432) comprises a complementary holding member configured to cooperate with the holding part of the holding mechanism (34; 134; 234; 334; 434) in the second configuration and in the third configuration of the activation and deactivation device.

12. Railway installation (1) according to one of claims 10 and 11, characterized in that the at least one elastic element is configured to admit a first stable position in which it stresses the contact mechanism (132) which is at a distance from its second position and a second stable position in which it stresses the contact mechanism (132) which is in its second position, the at least one elastic element further admitting a tilting position for the passage from one to the other of its first stable position and its second stable position by means of an external stress.

13. Railway installation (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the contact mechanism (232) comprises an end head (248) and the holding mechanism (234) comprises a shoe (251) arranged between the at least an elastic element and the end head (248) of the contact mechanism (232), with the shoe (251) and the end head (248) which are configured to cooperate, by friction and / or by stop, so as to maintain the contact mechanism (242) in its second position in the second configuration and in the third configuration of the activation and deactivation device.

14. Railway installation (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the body of the activation and deactivation device comprises a secondary cavity (548) and the holding mechanism (534) is formed by a holding piston (547) arranged movably in the secondary cavity (548) and delimiting with the body (11) a secondary pressure chamber (549) connected to the fluid routing network (2), the holding piston (547) being provided with a holding piston rod (552) which is configured on the one hand to form a stop in position when the contact mechanism (542) is in its second position and on the other hand to retract when the pressurized fluid has a pressure value lower than the intermediate threshold.

15. Railway vehicle comprising a railway installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

16. Device (9) for activating and deactivating at least one device (3), configured to be connected, at the input, to a fluid routing network (2) and, at the output, to the at least one device (3); the activation and deactivation device (9) comprising: - an activation and deactivation member (31) connected to the at least one device; - a body (11) comprising a lower chamber (13); - a control member (18) arranged movably in the lower chamber (13) and delimiting with the body (11) a pressure chamber (23) connected to the fluid path network (2), the control member (18) further having an actuating rod (20) comprising an end portion (21) extending out of the lower chamber (13), the control member (18) being configured to be moved in the lower chamber (13) under the effect of the fluid under pressure between a first position of the control member in which the activation and deactivation member (31) is deactivated, respectively activated, and a second position of the control member in which the activation and deactivation member (31) is activated, respectively deactivated; - a contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432; 532) configured to be moved by the end portion (21) of the actuating rod (20) between a first position in which the contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432; 532) disengages, respectively engages, the activation and deactivation member (31), and a second position in which the contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432; 532) engages, respectively disengages, the activation and deactivation member (31); the activation and deactivation device (9) being configured to admit: - a first configuration, when the pressurized fluid is below the lower fluid pressure threshold or below the upper fluid pressure threshold, in which the control member (18) and the contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432; 532) are in their respective first position or between their respective first position and their respective second position; - a second configuration, when the pressurized fluid reaches the upper fluid pressure threshold, in which the control member (18) and the contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432; 532) are in their respective second position; characterized in that the activation and deactivation device (9) further comprises a holding mechanism (34; 134; 234; 334; 434; 534) configured to hold the contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432; 532) in its second position, and a return mechanism (33; 333; 433; 533) configured to move the contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432; 532) from its second position in which it is held, to its first position;and in that the activation and deactivation device (9) is configured to admit a third configuration, when the pressurized fluid is below the upper fluid pressure threshold and above an intermediate fluid pressure threshold which is higher than the lower fluid pressure threshold; third configuration in which the control member (18) is in an intermediate position between its first position and its second position, and the holding mechanism (34; 134; 234; 334; 434; 534) holds, against the return mechanism (33; 333; 433; 533), the contact mechanism (32; 132; 232; 332; 432; 532) in its second position.

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