A radial wheel for a charging system and a charging system having such a radial wheel

Abstract

This disclosure provides a radial wheel (100) for a charging system, in particular for a turbocharger, having a plurality of blades (120), including a first blade (130) having a first interior structure (131), a first external geometry (132), and a first modal behavior being at least partially based on the first interior structure (131); and a second blade (140) having a second interior structure (141) being different from the first interior structure (131), a second external geometry (142) being substantially identical to the first external geometry (132), and a second modal behavior being at least partially based on the second interior structure (141), the second modal behavior being different from the first modal behavior. This disclosure further provides a charging system having such a radial wheel.

Description

DescriptionA Radial Wheel for a Charging System and a Charging System having such a Radial WheelTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] This disclosure relates to a radial wheel for a charging system, in particular for a turbocharger and to a charging system, in particular to a turbocharger, having such a radial wheel.BACKGROUND

[0002] Charging systems, in particular turbochargers, may be used for increasing the output of combustion engines. Usually, a turbine wheel may be arranged within an exhaust path of a combustion engine and a compressor wheel may be arranged upstream of the combustion engine. The exhaust gases generated by the combustion engine may expand in the turbine wheel. The extracted energy may be transferred by a shaft to the compressor wheel, which may compress air which is supplied to the engine. By utilizing the energy of the exhaust gases to compress the air supplied to the combustion process in the combustion engine, the combustion process and the efficiency of the combustion engine may be optimized.

[0003] Typically, the compressor wheels and / or the turbine wheels of a charging system are embodied as a radial wheel. A radial wheel according to the present disclosure also means wheels having an axial flow component, commonly referred to as diagonal wheels. Radial wheels may include multiple layered blades resulting in a complex external geometry.

[0004] During operation, unsteady forces may act on the radial wheels causing them to vibrate. In order to avoid resonance, leading to excessive vibration and potentially fatigue failure, radial wheels are typically designed to have multiple modes being well-separated from each other. In traditional manufacturing blades may be selectively mass-tuned to dampen the vibrations at the frequencies of concern. However, changing frequencies due to change of mass distribution with the traditional manufacturing methods may also affect flow channels being defined by the blades, which is not wanted.

[0005] Further, imbalance of the radial wheel with respect to a rotational axis may also lead to excessive vibration of a rotating shaft and potentially to bearing damage or failure.Selective mass-tuning of the radial wheel may also be deployed to balance the radial wheel with respect to the rotational axis.

[0006] Overall, modal tuning and balancing are important techniques used to ensure safe and reliable operation of the charging system.SUMMARY

[0007] Aspects and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in part in the following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned through practice of the disclosure.

[0008] The present disclosure provides a radial wheel for a charging system, in particular for a turbocharger and further provides a charging system, in particular a turbocharger, having such a radial wheel for enabling a flexible, reliable and / or cost-saving modal tuning of one or more blades of the radial wheel.

[0009] In one example, the disclosure provides a radial wheel for a charging system, in particular for a turbocharger, having a plurality of blades. The plurality of blades includes a first blade with a first interior structure and a first external geometry. The plurality of blades further includes a second blade with a second interior structure and a second external geometry. The second interior structure is different than the first interior structure. The first external geometry is substantially identical to the second external geometry. The first blade includes a first modal behavior that is at least partially based on the first interior structure. The second blade includes a second modal behavior being at least partially based on the second interior structure. The second modal behavior is different from the first modal behavior

[0010] In another example, the disclosure provides a charging system, in particular a turbocharger, having a radial wheel as disclosed herein.

[0011] According to another aspect, the disclosure provides a method of modally tune a radial wheel for a charging system, including: forming a plurality of blades including forming a first blade having a first interior structure, a first external geometry, and a first modal behavior being at least partially based on the first interior structure; and forming a second blade having a second interior structure being different from the first interior structure, a second external geometry being substantially identical to the first external geometry, and asecond modal behavior being at least partially based on the second interior structure, the second modal behavior being different from the first modal behavior.

[0012] The details of one or more aspects of the disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the techniques described in this disclosure will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0013] A full and enabling disclosure of the present disclosure is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended figures, in which:

[0014] Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a radial wheel according to embodiments of this disclosure.

[0015] Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view on a negative of an interior structure according to embodiments of this disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] This disclosure generally relates to a modal tuning of one or more blades of a radial wheel, in particular of a radial compressor wheel and / or of a radial turbine wheel, for a charging system, in particular for a turbocharger, through adapting an interior structure of the one or more blades. A radial wheel according to this disclosure includes a plurality of blades. At least one blade of the plurality of blades is at least partially hollow and includes an interior structure that is used to modally tune the first blade. In some examples, the radial wheel includes at least one blade having an interior structure with an additive manufactured supporting structure. Radial wheels according to this disclosure are typically formed by a layer-by-layer process such as selective laser melting or similar. In some examples, the radial wheel is balanced by adapting the interior structure accordingly. Dynamic properties of the radial wheel and therefore of the overall charging system may thus be selectively adapted.

[0017] Embodiments of the radial wheel according to this disclosure may particularly be suitable for use as a compressor wheel and / or as a turbine wheel for industrial applications, in particular for charging systems for industrial applications. Some embodiments of the radialwheel according to this disclosure may be particularly suitable for use as a compressor wheel and / or a turbine wheel for a turbocharger. Embodiments of charging systems and / or radial wheels according to this disclosure may be suitable for use in the power generation industry, for large off-highway vehicles, for the railway industry and / or for the marine industry or similar. The turbocharger may be a conventional turbocharger or an electrified turbocharger.

[0018] Charging systems may include electric machines. Such electrically-assisted charging systems may be, e.g., an e-turbine, i.e., a turbine having an electric machine for generating electrical energy from heat being transformed by the turbine, an e-compressor, or an e- turbocharger, i.e., an electrically-assisted turbocharger. Radial wheels according to the present disclosure may be suitable for use with conventional charging systems and conventional turbochargers as well as with an e-turbine, with an e-compressor and / or with an electrically-assisted turbocharger.

[0019] In general, this disclosure describes a radial wheel for a charging system. A preferred radial wheel may be a radial wheel for a turbocharger. The radial wheel typically has a rotational axis and a hub portion having an outer hub face defining a gas flow passage. Usually, the hub portion is arranged rotationally symmetric around the rotational axis. As used herein, the rotational axis corresponds to an axis around the radial wheel rotates. The term "axially" refers to a direction along the rotational axis and the term "radially" refers to a direction perpendicular to an axial direction. The term "radially inward" refers to a position closer to the rotational axis than a position "radially outward". The outer hub face may be curved for a radial gas flow. As used herein, the term "radial gas flow" includes a mixed flow having a radial flow component and an axial flow component. The root-end portion of the outer hub face is typically axially located at a root side and may be more radially outwardly arranged and inclined than a nose-end portion of the outer hub face which is typically axially located at a nose side.

[0020] While the root-end portion of a compressor wheel is usually arranged upstream along a gas flow path of the charging system compared to the nose-end portion, the root-end portion of a turbine wheel is typically arranged downstream along a gas flow path of the charging system compared to the nose-end portion.

[0021] The radial wheel includes a plurality of blades, typically extending radially outward from the hub portion into the gas flow passage. The plurality of blades has a first blade having a firstinterior structure and a first external geometry. As used herein, the term "external geometry" refers to an outer surface of a blade. Consequently, the term "interior structure", as used herein, refers to a body of the blade.

[0022] The first blade has a first modal behavior being based on the first interior structure. The term "modal behavior", as used herein, refers to a specific set of vibration modes of a blade. A vibration mode, also referred to as a mode of vibration, usually describes a pattern of vibration of a structure, e.g. a blade of a radial wheel, which pattern of vibration includes typically a time aspect and a spatial aspect. The time aspect may refer to a frequency of vibrations and / or to a rate of decay or growth. The spatial aspect may refer to different vibration amplitudes of a plurality of points on the structure.

[0023] The plurality of blades further includes a second blade having a second interior structure and a second external geometry. The second interior structure is different from the first interior structure. The second blade has a second modal behavior being based on the second interior structure. The second modal behavior is different from the first modal behavior. A difference between the first modal behavior and the second modal behavior, as used herein, may refer to a difference between at least one, preferably a plurality, of corresponding, i.e. closest, vibration modes of at least 1%, in particular at least 2%, preferably at least 5%. For example, a first mode of the first blade may differ from a mode of the second blade that is closest to the first mode of the first blade (typically also a first mode of the second blade) by at least 1%, in particular at least 2%, preferably at least 5%. The second external geometry is substantially identical to the first external geometry, i.e. the external blade geometries of the first blade and of the second blade, in particular of any of the plurality of blades, are substantially identical. Thus, a blade channel being defined by two adjacent blades and the hub portion may be independent from whether a first blade is arranged adjacent to another first blade, whether a first blade is arranged adjacent to a second blade and / or whether a second blade is arranged adjacent to another second blade. The radial wheel may include, e.g. a further blade having an external geometry differing from the first external geometry and from the second external geometry.

[0024] The term "substantially identical", as used herein, refers, e.g. to blades differing in their external geometry within the manufacturing tolerances, i.e. the blades may be designed identical but slightly differently manufactured.

[0025] An interior structure, such as the first interior structure and / or the second interior structure, may affect a modal behavior of a blade, e.g. of a radial wheel, such as the first blade and / or the second blade. For example, the blade may be partially hollow, e.g., except for the interior structure being arranged within an external surface of the blade. As described above, a vibration mode includes the time aspect and the spatial aspect. Typically, vibration modes of the blade may be explicitly determined, e.g., within ranges depending on a manufacturing process and accuracy, during a design process of the blade. The vibration modes may be calculated and / or determined using computer aided simulation tools, computer aided calculation tools and / or alike. The vibration modes are partially based on a wall thickness at each point on the blade. The specific determination of the wall thickness during the design process may be conducted, e.g., by determining the wall thickness of a point being arranged on an infinitesimal surface element of the blade in a direction normal to the infinitesimal surface element. The interior structure may, e.g., enhance a design freedom regarding the wall thicknesses. Further, the external geometry, such as the first external geometry and the second external geometry, may be designed in an optimized-manner regarding the gas-flow as the design may be modal tuned internally.

[0026] Typically, the radial wheel may be an open wheel, i.e. a radial wheel that does not include a shroud. In embodiments, the blades may be attached with their base to the hub, but otherwise unconnected, and in particular not connected to each other by a shroud.

[0027] According to embodiments, the first interior structure and / or the second interior structure may include a hollow space being defined by the hub portion and by a blade shell surrounding the hollow space. Such embodiments may enable a modal tuning by selectively adapting the blade shell thickness.

[0028] In embodiments, the first interior structure and / or the second interior structure may include an additive manufactured supporting structure. The additive manufactured supporting structure may be adapted to modally tune the blade. The additive manufactured supporting structure may be arranged within the hollow space.

[0029] In some embodiments, the additive manufactured supporting structure may include a lattice structure and / or a triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structure. The TPMS structure may be a Diamond structure, a Schwarz P structure, a Primitive structure. Preferably, the TPMS structure may be a gyroid structure.

[0030] In embodiments, the lattice structure may have a lattice constant defining a characteristic length of the lattice structure. The characteristic length may specify a distance between one lattice beam to another. The characteristic length may be defined by a lattice constant of the lattice structure. In some embodiments, the lattice structure may permeate at least 5%, in particular at least 10 %, preferably at least 14% of the hollow space of the interior structure. As used herein, a lattice structure permeating at least 5% of the hollow space is defined by 5% of the hollow space being defined by the respective blade shell and the hub portion is spaced apart from the lattice structure by at most the characteristic length. The lattice structure may be adapted to modally tune the blade by adjusting the characteristic length and / or by adjusting a diameter (or thickness) of a lattice beam.

[0031] According to embodiments, the additive manufactured supporting structure may be non- uniform. In some examples, a density that may be defined by the amount of the additive manufactured supporting structure within the hollow space may differ for different portions of the hollow space. For example, the density may be higher in a portion of the hollow space being radially closer to the rotational axis than in a portion of the hollow space being radially more distant from the rotational axis or vice versa.

[0032] In embodiments, the lattice structure may be uniform. In particular, one or more beams of the lattice structure may have at least partially a diameter (or thickness) being greater than another. The lattice structure may, e.g., include different distances between beams. Beams of the lattice structure being arranged adjacent to each other may be angled to each other. Such embodiments facilitate a very selective modal tuning of a blade.

[0033] In embodiments, the first interior structure and / or the second interior structure may include a reinforcing element, in particular a rib and / or a web. Such embodiments may, e.g., enable adjusting and / or reducing selectively a vibration mode.

[0034] In embodiments, the first interior structure and / or the second interior structure may include an interior leading edge being adapted to modally tune the blade. As used herein, the term "interior leading edge" may refer to an edge of the hollow space being arranged at a radially most outward position. The interior leading edge may be freely shaped in terms of, e.g., a spline ratio geometry. A leading edge of the blade may have selectively differing distances to the interior leading edge in a direction perpendicular to the rotational axis. The interior leading edge may define differing opening angles, i.e. the blade shell may have different blade shell thicknesses along the leading edge and / or the blade shellthickness may selectively decrease and / or increase along the interior leading edge in a direction towards the hub portion. Such embodiments may enable a selective tuning of a plurality of vibration modes.

[0035] According to embodiments, the first interior structure may include a first interior leading edge and the second interior structure may have a second interior leading edge. The first interior leading edge may be different from the second interior leading edge.

[0036] In some embodiments, the first interior structure or the second interior structure may be substantially solid. The term "substantially solid", as used herein, refers, e.g., to a blade being designed to include no hollow space.

[0037] According to embodiments, the plurality of blades may further be arranged in a pattern with respect to one or more blades of the plurality of blades having the first interior structure, such as the first blade, respectively the second interior structure, such as the second blade. In case the first interior structure is referred to as "A" and the second interior structure is referred to as "B", an irregular pattern for a radial wheel having eight blades being arranged on a hub portion could be, e.g. "A-A-B-A-B-B-A-B", "B-A-A-B-B-A-B-A" or similar. The number of blades having the first interior structure may be different from the number of blades having the second interior structure.

[0038] In some embodiments, the plurality of blades is arranged in an "A-B" and / or in an "A-A-B- B" pattern.

[0039] According to embodiments, the plurality of blades may include a third blade having a third interior structure and a third external geometry. The third interior structure may be different from the first interior structure and from the second interior structure. The third external geometry may substantially correspond to the first external geometry and to the second external geometry. According to embodiments, at least four interior structures being different from each other may be provided within a single radial wheel, e.g., a first interior structure, a second interior structure, a third interior structure and a fourth interior structure. Such embodiments may reduce the risk of excitation of one blade of a radial wheel through another blade during operation of the radial wheel.

[0040] Imbalance may occur, e.g., due to the interior structures. For example, a gyroid structure may not possess cyclic symmetry with the number of blades of the radial wheel. Imbalance may also occur for other reasons. In some examples, a center of gravity of the radial wheeland / or of one or more blades is to be arranged at a specific position, e.g., in the axial direction.

[0041] In embodiments, the first blade may further have a first mass distribution being at least partially based on the first interior structure. The second blade may further have a second mass distribution being at least partially based on the second interior structure. The first mass distribution and the second mass distribution may be formed to balance the radial wheel with respect to the rotational axis of the radial wheel. Such embodiments may provide a dedicated mass distribution that may enable compensation of an imbalance and / or may enable adaption of a center of gravity of the radial wheel and / or of one or more blades. Such embodiments may improve durability of the radial wheel as less material needs to be removed to balance the radial wheel.

[0042] According to embodiments, the first mass distribution may substantially be equal to the second mass distribution.

[0043] In embodiments, the first mass distribution may substantially be equal to the second mass distribution being mirrored with respect to a mirror axis.

[0044] According to embodiments, the first mass distribution and the second mass distribution may be formed such that balancing the radial wheel with respect to the rotational axis is partially based on a pattern with respect to one or more blades of the plurality of blades having the first interior structure respectively the second interior structure.

[0045] In embodiments, the radial wheel may be integrally formed by a layer-by-layer process, in particular from one or more kinds of powder, such as from one or more kinds of metal powder. For example, if a radial compressor wheel is to be formed, a titanium alloy powder and / or an aluminum alloy powder may be used. When forming a radial turbine wheel, typically a nickel alloy powder may be used. The radial wheel may, e.g., be manufactured by a selective laser melting process or alike.

[0046] According to embodiments, the radial wheel may be a radial compressor wheel. In embodiments, the radial wheel may be a radial turbine wheel.

[0047] Reference now will be made in detail to embodiments of the disclosure, some examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. Each example may be provided by way of explanation of the disclosure, not limitation of the disclosure. For instance, features illustrated or-io- described as part of embodiments may be used with other embodiments to yield still further embodiments. The drawings may not be true-to-scale.

[0048] Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a radial wheel 100 according to embodiments of this disclosure. The radial wheel 100 may be radial compressor wheel or a radial turbine wheel. The radial wheel 100 may be manufactured using a layer-by-layer process, such as selective laser melting or similar.

[0049] The radial wheel 100 may be used for a charging system, for example for a turbocharger. The radial wheel 100 includes a hub portion 110 which includes an outer hub face 114. A gas flow passage 116 may be defined by the outer hub face 114. The hub portion 110 may comprise a larger diameter at the root side 103 than at a nose side 102 of the radial wheel. The outer hub face 114 may be curved for radial gas flow and / or diagonal gas flow.

[0050] The radial wheel 100 may include a plurality of blades 120 which may be arranged on the outer hub face 114. The plurality of blades 120 may extend radially outward from the hub portion 110 into the gas flow passage 116. During operation of the charging system, an operation environment of the radial wheel 100, such as, e.g., the gas flow, may cause the plurality of blades 120 to vibrate.

[0051] The radial wheel 100 has a first blade 130 having a first interior structure 131. A first modal behavior of the first blade 130 is partially based on the first interior structure 131. The first blade 130 has a first external geometry 132.

[0052] The radial wheel 100 further has a second blade 140 having a second interior structure 141 being different from the first interior structure 131. The second blade 140 has a second external geometry 142 being substantially identical to the first external geometry 132. The second blade 140 has a second modal behavior being different from the first modal behavior.

[0053] The first interior structure 131 includes a first hollow space 134 and a first blade shell 135. A first additive manufactured supporting structure 136 is arranged within the first hollow space 134. The first additive manufactured supporting structure 136 is a first lattice structure. The additive manufactured supporting structure 136 is non-uniform. In some embodiments, the additive manufactured supporting structure 136 may be uniform. The first interior structure 131 further includes a first interior leading edge 133.

[0054] The second interior structure 141 includes a second additive manufactured supporting structure 146 being arranged within a second hollow space 144. The second hollow space 144 is defined by a second blade shell 145 and the outer hub face 114. The second additive manufactured supporting structure 146 is a second lattice structure. The second additive manufactured supporting structure 146 is different from the first additive manufactured supporting structure 136.

[0055] For example, a characteristic length of the first lattice structure is greater than a characteristic length of the second lattice structure. The second interior structure 141 includes a second interior leading edge 143. The second interior leading edge 143 is differently designed compared to the first interior leading edge 133. In particular, the first interior leading edge 133 follows a path being based on a first leading edge 137 of the first blade 130. The second interior leading edge 143 has varying distances to a second leading edge 147 of the second blade 140 along the second leading edge 147 in a direction towards the hub portion 110.

[0056] The radial wheel 100 may further include a third blade (not shown) including a third interior structure. The third blade has a third external geometry being substantially identical to the first external geometry 132 and to the second external geometry 142. The third blade has a third modal behavior being different to the first modal behavior and to the second modal behavior. The third interior structure includes a third blade shell and a third hollow space. A third additive manufactured supporting structure is arranged within the third hollow space. The third additive manufactured supporting structure is a gyroid structure.

[0057] Further, the radial wheel 100 may include a fourth blade (not shown) being solid. The fourth blade has a fourth external geometry being substantially identical to the first external geometry 132, to the second external geometry 142 and to the third external geometry.

[0058] The plurality of blades 120 of the radial wheel 100 is arranged in a pattern. The pattern is a "A-B-C-D" pattern where "A" refers to the first blade 130, "B" refers to the second blade 140, "C" refers to the third blade and "D" refers to the fourth blade.

[0059] The first blade 130 has a first mass distribution being at least partially based on the first interior structure 131. The second blade 140 has a second mass distribution being at least partially based on the second interior structure 141. The third blade has a third massdistribution being at least partially based on the third interior structure. The fourth blade has a fourth mass distribution. The first mass distribution, the second mass distribution, the third mass distribution and the fourth mass distribution are formed to balance the radial wheel 100 with respect to the rotational axis 101. In particular, balancing of the radial wheel 100 is partially based on the pattern.

[0060] Fig. 2 schematically shows how a negative of an interior structure 131, 141 according to embodiments of this disclosure would look like. For example, the interior structure 131, 141 may be similar to the first interior structure 131 of the first blade 130 or to the second interior structure 141 of the second blade 140 that have been described with respect to Fig. 1.

[0061] The interior structure 131, 141 includes reinforcing elements 160. In particular, the interior structure 131, 141 includes webs 161 and ribs 162. The modal behavior of the blade 130, 140 may be selectively adapted by providing webs 161 and / or ribs 162 at certain positions.

[0062] The reinforcing elements 160 may also be formed to balance the radial wheel 100 with respect to the rotational axis 101.

[0063] The interior structure 131, 141 further includes an interior leading edge 133, 143. The interior leading edge 133, 143 may be formed to selectively adapt the modal behavior of the blade 130, 140. Further, the interior leading edge 133, 143 may be formed to balance the blade 130, 140.

[0064] Thus, a radial wheel has been presented in the foregoing description with reference to specific examples. It is to be understood that various aspects disclosed herein may be combined in different combinations than the specific combinations presented in the accompanying drawings. It is appreciated that various modifications to the referenced examples may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure and the following claims.LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS100 radial wheel101 rotational axis102 nose side103 root side110 hub portion114 outer hub face116 gas flow passage120 plurality of blades130 first blade131 first interior structure132 first external geometry133 first interior leading edge134 first hollow space135 first blade shell136 first additive manufactured supporting structure137 first leading edge140 second blade141 second interior structure142 second external geometry143 second interior leading edge144 second hollow space145 second blade shell146 second additive manufactured supporting structure147 second leading edge160 reinforcing element161 web162 rib

Claims

Claims1. A radial wheel (100) for a charging system, in particular for a turbocharger, comprising a plurality of blades (120), including a first blade (130) having a first interior structure (131), a first external geometry (132), and a first modal behavior being at least partially based on the first interior structure (131); and a second blade (140) having a second interior structure (141) being different from the first interior structure (131), a second external geometry (142) being substantially identical to the first external geometry (132), and a second modal behavior being at least partially based on the second interior structure (141), the second modal behavior being different from the first modal behavior.

2. The radial wheel (100) according to claim 1, wherein the first interior structure (131) and / or the second interior structure (141) includes an additive manufactured supporting structure (150).

3. The radial wheel (110) according to claim 2, wherein the additive manufactured supporting structure (150) includes a lattice structure; in particular wherein the latticestructure permeates at least 5%, in particular at least 10 %, preferably at least 14% of a hollow space of the interior structure (131, 141).

4. The radial wheel (110) according to any of claims 2 to 3, wherein the additive manufactured supporting structure includes a triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structure, in particular a gyroid structure.

5. The radial wheel (100) according to any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the additive manufactured supporting structure (150) is non-uniform.

6. The radial wheel (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first interior structure (131) and / or the second interior structure (141) includes a reinforcing element (160), in particular a web (161) and / or a rib (162).

7. The radial wheel (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first interior structure (131) includes a first interior leading edge (133) and wherein the second interior structure (141) comprises a second interior leading edge (143) being different from the first interior leading edge (133).

8. The radial wheel (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first interior structure (131) or the second interior structure (141) is substantially solid.

9. The radial wheel (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of blades (120) further comprises an irregular pattern with respect to one or more blades of the plurality of blades (120) having the first interior structure (131) respectively the second interior structure (141).

10. The radial wheel (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first blade (130) further has a first mass distribution being at least partially based on the first interior structure (131) and wherein the second blade (140) further has a second mass distribution being at least partially based on the second interior structure (141), and wherein the first mass distribution and the second mass distribution are formed to balance the radial wheel (100) with respect to a rotational axis of the radial wheel (100).

11. The radial wheel (100) according to claim 10, wherein the first mass distribution is substantially equal to the second mass distribution; or wherein the first mass distribution is substantially equal to the second mass distribution being mirrored with respect to a mirror axis.

12. The radial wheel (100) according to any of claims 10 to 11, wherein the first mass distribution and the second mass distribution are formed such that balancing the radial wheel (100) with respect to the rotational axis is partially based on a number of the plurality of blades (120) and / or on a pattern with respect to one or more blades of the plurality of blades (120) having the first interior structure (131) respectively the second interior structure (141).

13. The radial wheel (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the radial wheel (100) is integrally formed by a layer-by-layer process, in particular from one or more kinds of powder.

14. The radial wheel (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the radial wheel (100) is a radial compressor wheel or a radial turbine wheel.

15. A charging system, in particular a turbocharger, having a radial wheel (100), in particular a radial wheel (100) according to any of the preceding claims, the radial wheel (100) comprising a plurality of blades (120), including a first blade (130) having a first interior structure (131), a first external geometry (132), and a first modal behavior being at least partially based on the first interior structure (131); and a second blade (140) having a second interior structure (141) being different from the first interior structure (131), a second external geometry (142) being substantially identical to the first external geometry (132), and a second modal behavior being at least partially based on the second interior structure (141), the second modal behavior being different from the first modal behavior.

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