Electric car charged by energy generated by wheel motion

Abstract

The invention relates to the conversion of kinetic energy produced by the motion of the wheels into electrical energy that is capable of being used as a source for charging the battery, using permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) integrated at the wheels, in order to achieve high efficiency in the conversion of energy capable of charging the vehicle battery, with an FOC control system to regulate the torque and the speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motors and generators, and precise control of the generator power to store the generated energy, monitored in real time by a BMS storage system.

Description

[0001] Title :

[0002] Electric car charged by energy generated from the movement of the wheels

[0003] Description :

[0004] Background and Current Problem:

[0005] Modern electric vehicles primarily use regenerative braking to recover energy and recharge the battery during deceleration. However, this energy recovery method is limited to times when the vehicle is slowing down. As a result, the driving range of electric vehicles is limited by the lack of continuous charging methods while the vehicle is moving at a constant or variable speed.

[0006] This invention aims to overcome this limitation by using a system of permanent magnet generators (PMSG) integrated in each wheel, allowing continuous recharging of the battery by transforming the kinetic energy produced by the movement of the wheels into electrical energy. This system also includes advanced control with oriented vector control (FOC) and a battery management system (BMS) to optimize the storage and use of the recovered energy.

[0007] Objective of the invention:

[0008] The main objective is to improve the autonomy and efficiency of electric vehicles by introducing an alternative and continuous charging source, independent of braking phases. This invention can be applied to mass-market electric vehicles as well as high-performance vehicles such as racing cars.

[0009] Detailed Technical Description of Each Component of the Invention

[0010] PMSG Generator (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator)

[0011] Operating Principle:

[0012] PMSG generators are synchronous generators that use permanent magnets to generate a constant magnetic field, thereby directly converting kinetic energy into electrical energy. In this invention, each wheel of the vehicle is equipped with a PMSG generator to capture the kinetic energy created by the movement of the wheels.

[0013] Benefits :

[0014] PMSGs offer efficient energy conversion, a compact structure, and a fast response, making them particularly suitable for applications where the energy source (in this case, the moving wheels) has speed variations. The energy output is stable and can be adjusted according to the wheel speed. Design and Geometric Layout:

[0015] Each generator is designed to be mounted on the vehicle's wheels and operates at 90% capacity. Additionally, a triangular or pyramidal arrangement of generators around the wheels can be used to optimize the magnetic field and maximize energy production.

[0016] Energy Storage System (Tesla Batteries or similar)

[0017] Battery Technology:

[0018] The invention uses Tesla-type lithium-ion batteries, which are characterized by high energy density, large storage capacity, and long lifespan. These batteries are capable of efficiently handling rapid charging cycles and storing the energy continuously produced by PMSG generators.

[0019] Thermal Management:

[0020] The batteries are equipped with a thermal management system that helps control the temperature during the charging and discharging process, reducing the risk of overheating and extending the life of the cells.

[0021] Field-Oriented Control (FOC) System

[0022] Principle of FOC:

[0023] FOC control is a vector control method that allows precise control of the magnetic flux and current of PMSG generators. This ensures optimized energy conversion and stable regulation of the generated energy, even at varying wheel speeds.

[0024] Advantages of FOC:

[0025] FOC provides rapid response to wheel speed changes, improved stability, and allows for optimal regulation of power generation, thereby minimizing energy losses and increasing overall system efficiency.

[0026] PMSM (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) Motor Type

[0027] PMSM Motor for Propulsion:

[0028] The PMSM motor is a permanent magnet synchronous motor, similar to the PMSG generator but used here for the main propulsion of the vehicle. The PMSM motor and the PMSG generator operate synchronously and are jointly controlled by the FOC system to ensure perfect synergy between propulsion and energy recovery.

[0029] Efficiency and Responsiveness:

[0030] PMSM motors are known for their energy efficiency, power density, and high torque, which is essential for electric vehicles, especially in high-performance driving conditions. Battery Management System (BMS)

[0031] Role of the BMS:

[0032] The BMS is essential for monitoring and controlling the state of charge of the batteries. It manages the distribution of energy received from the PMSG generators to the battery cells in a way that optimizes storage while protecting against overcharging and overdischarging.

[0033] Protection and Surveillance:

[0034] The BMS monitors the voltages, currents, and temperatures of each battery cell. It also incorporates safety mechanisms to prevent any risk of electrical failure, thus ensuring safe and reliable operation of the system.

[0035] Overall Operation and Integration of Components

[0036] The system works as follows:

[0037] Kinetic Energy to Electrical Energy Generation: PMSG generators capture the kinetic energy of moving wheels and convert it into electricity. The FOC regulates this conversion to maximize the efficiency of each generator.

[0038] Power Transmission and Management: The generated electricity is transmitted to the BMS, which monitors and distributes the energy to the batteries in an optimized manner. The BMS also controls the temperature and adjusts the energy flow according to the vehicle's energy needs.

[0039] Use and Recharge: The PMSM motor uses stored energy for propulsion, while the generators ensure continuous recharging of the battery, thus extending the overall autonomy.

[0040] List of figures:

[0041] Global Architecture Diagram

[0042] Description :

[0043] This diagram shows the overview of the energy harvesting system architecture. It should illustrate the main components and their interactions. Elements to include:

[0044] - Wheels with PMSG generators: Represent each wheel with an integrated PMSG generator.

[0045] - FOC Controller: Place it between the PMSG generators and the battery, with connections showing that it regulates the power produced by each generator.

[0046] - Battery Management System (BMS): Connected to the battery, showing that it monitors and manages energy flows.

[0047] - Storage Battery (Tesla or other lithium-ion): Indicate that the battery stores the energy supplied by the generators via the BMS.

[0048] - PMSM motor: Connected to the battery, showing that it uses stored energy for vehicle propulsion.

[0049] PMSG and Geometric Layout Diagram

[0050] Description :

[0051] This diagram focuses specifically on PMSG generators integrated into the wheels and shows a triangular or pyramidal arrangement to optimize the magnetic field.

[0052] Items to include:

[0053] - Wheels: Show a wheel with several small PMSG generators placed on the periphery or on a triangular support around the wheel.

[0054] - Speed ​​Multiplication Device: Add a mechanical element showing how the rotations of the wheel are transmitted with increased speed to the rotor of the PMSG generators.

[0055] - Triangular / Pyramidal Arrangement of Generators: Depict a triangular or pyramidal structure of PMSGs around the wheel to demonstrate the formation of an optimized magnetic field.

[0056] Energy Flow Diagram

[0057] Description :

[0058] This diagram illustrates the flow of energy from kinetic recovery by generators to its storage and use.

[0059] Items to include:

[0060] - Wheels with PMSG: Energy source from where the energy flow begins.

[0061] - FOC Controller: An intermediate point where the flow of energy is regulated.

[0062] - BMS: Responsible for monitoring and managing the energy sent to the batteries.

[0063] - Storage Batteries: Demonstrate energy storage.

[0064] - PMSM motor: End user of stored energy for propulsion. To complement and enrich the idea, here are some additional technical elements and concepts that could maximize the efficiency of this system and improve its chances of success:

[0065] Integration of a Super Capacitor as a Fast Storage Solution

[0066] - Why: Supercapacitors can store large amounts of energy very quickly, making them ideal for handling the surges in energy generated by PMSG generators, especially during sudden accelerations. By adding supercapacitors in parallel with lithium-ion batteries, the system could temporarily store the excess energy generated and gradually release it to the battery.

[0067] - Advantage: This would reduce the instantaneous load on the batteries and extend their lifespan, in addition to improving the efficiency of the energy recovery system.

[0068] Optimization of Magnet Layout in PMSGs

[0069] - Idea: To maximize the magnetic field and thus energy production, consider an optimized arrangement of permanent magnets in the PMSG generator. For example, a Halbach-shaped arrangement (a magnet configuration that maximizes a magnetic field on one side while reducing it on the other) can increase the efficiency of the PMSG.

[0070] - Advantage: This arrangement would maximize the magnetic flux density in the active area of ​​the generator, thus increasing energy production without increasing the size of the generator.

[0071] Advanced Thermal Management for PMSG and Electronic Components

[0072] - Why: Prolonged operation of high-power PMSG generators can lead to overheating, which affects efficiency and can reduce component life.

[0073] - Solution: Integrate a liquid cooling system or heat sinks specifically designed for PMSGs and FOC controllers. Active fans or coolers could also be considered.

[0074] - Advantage: Efficient thermal management helps maintain the performance of generators and controllers, ensuring more stable and reliable power generation. 1A-based Intelligent Control Algorithm to Optimize Power Generation and Use

[0075] - Why: An artificial intelligence system could monitor driving conditions, battery charge, engine power requirements in real time, and adapt the PMSG's energy production accordingly.

[0076] - How: A predictive algorithm could be integrated into the FOC controller and BMS to automatically adjust the power generation parameters according to speed variations and vehicle needs.

[0077] - Advantage: By anticipating energy needs, the system can optimize the use of each watt of energy produced, thus reducing dependence on external charging and further increasing the vehicle's autonomy.

[0078] Dynamic Energy Recovery Mode according to Driving Scenarios

[0079] - Description: Add an energy recovery mode that adapts production depending on the type of driving (for example, city driving with many stops or highway driving at a constant speed).

[0080] - Why: In city mode, the generator could be used at a medium intensity level to maximize recovery, while in highway driving it could be adjusted to provide more moderate output.

[0081] - Advantage: It would increase energy efficiency by adjusting energy recovery according to the driving environment.

[0082] * This invention presents an innovative solution to optimize the range and energy efficiency of electric vehicles through an energy recovery system based on permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) integrated into the wheels. Unlike current energy recovery systems, which are mainly limited to braking, our approach uses the kinetic energy generated by the continuous movement of the wheels, thus increasing the battery recharge potential.

[0083] The integration of intelligent control (FOC), super capacitors for peak power management, an optimized geometric layout for PMSGs, and advanced thermal management maximizes energy production and storage. This modular system is adaptable to various vehicle types, from passenger models to racing vehicles, such as Formula 1, and thus offers unique versatility in the electric mobility technology market.

[0084] By integrating modern energy management technologies and complying with international safety and efficiency standards, this invention adds significant value. It not only increases the range of electric vehicles, but also extends battery life while reducing dependence on external charging points.

[0085] This innovative system represents a step forward towards more sustainable and efficient mobility, meeting the current challenges of transport electrification. It provides a practical and scalable solution for the electric vehicles of tomorrow.

Claims

Claims 1-Energy recovery system for electric vehicles comprising: - PMSG generators integrated into the vehicle's wheels to maximize the conversion of kinetic energy into electrical energy. The higher the efficiency, the more efficient the energy conversion, allowing faster battery charging without energy waste. - A FOC control system to regulate energy production, - A BMS to manage and optimize energy storage in a lithium-ion or Tesla battery. - A PMSM motor for main propulsion. - Energy Storage System (Lithium-ion batteries, Tesla or similar). 2-Intelligent Energy Management System (EMS): - Integrate an intelligent energy management system (EMS) to optimize the storage and distribution of recovered energy. -A sophisticated EMS can adapt energy use according to the vehicle's needs, prioritizing battery charging when necessary. -The EMS can also control the distribution of energy to the motors to maximize efficiency.

3. Method of converting kinetic energy into electrical energy with the integration of a Geometric Design Optimized for the Magnetic Field - Triangular or pyramidal arrangement of PMSG generators to improve magnetic field efficiency. - Integration of a thermal management system for batteries. -By optimizing the geometric arrangement of the magnets, the magnetic field can be strengthened and the electromagnetic induction increased, which could lead to more efficient power generation and better response in terms of output power.

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