Transmission method and apparatus, and device and storage medium

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of communications. Disclosed are a transmission method and apparatus, and a device and a storage medium. The method is executed by a first terminal device, and the method comprises: transmitting or backscattering a first signal in a first time unit, wherein the first signal carries data information or control information, the first time unit comprises a first part, and the first signal uses some or all time-domain resources other than the first part in the first time unit. By means of setting a first part in a first time unit, a first signal is preventing as much as possible from causing interference to the next time unit, thereby realizing effective uplink synchronization.

Description

Transmission method, device, equipment and storage medium Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communications, and in particular to a transmission method, apparatus, device, and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] Terminal devices performing uplink transmissions must meet uplink synchronization requirements to avoid intra-cell interference and inter-symbol interference. However, some passive terminal devices or zero-power devices that draw their energy from the environment cannot consume the considerable energy required by traditional active terminal devices to maintain the effectiveness of the timing advance and thus uplink synchronization.

[0003] Therefore, it is urgent to design a feasible uplink transmission solution for these passive terminal devices or zero-power devices whose energy comes from the environment to achieve uplink synchronization with low power consumption.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a transmission method, apparatus, device, and storage medium, the technical solution of which at least includes:

[0006] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a transmission method is provided, the method being performed by a first terminal device, the method including:

[0007] A first signal is transmitted or backscattered in a first time unit, the first signal carries data information or control information, the first time unit includes a first part, and the first signal uses part or all of the time domain resources in the first time unit except the first part.

[0008] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a transmission method is provided, the method being performed by a network device, the method comprising:

[0009] A first signal is received in a first time unit, the first signal carries data information or control information, the first time unit includes a first part, and the first signal uses part or all of the time domain resources in the first time unit except the first part.

[0010] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a transmission device is provided, the device comprising:

[0011] A transmitting module is used to transmit or backscatter a first signal in a first time unit, where the first signal carries data information or control information, the first time unit includes a first part, and the first signal uses part or all of the time domain resources in the first time unit except the first part.

[0012] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a transmission device is provided, the device comprising:

[0013] A receiving module is used to receive a first signal in a first time unit, where the first signal carries data information or control information, the first time unit includes a first part, and the first signal uses part or all of the time domain resources in the first time unit except the first part.

[0014] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a terminal device is provided, comprising: a transmitter and / or a backscatter transmitter; the terminal device is used to implement the transmission method as described above.

[0015] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a network device is provided, comprising: a processor; a receiver and / or transmitter connected to the processor; and a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor; wherein the network device is used to implement the transmission method described above.

[0016] According to one aspect of the present application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, in which executable instructions are stored. The executable instructions are loaded and executed by the processor to implement the transmission method as described in the above aspect.

[0017] According to one aspect of the present application, a computer program product is provided, which includes computer instructions, wherein the computer instructions are stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and a processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer instructions, so that the computer device executes to implement the transmission method described in the above aspect.

[0018] According to one aspect of the present application, a chip is provided, which includes a programmable logic circuit and / or program instructions, and is used to implement the transmission method described in the above aspects when the chip is running.

[0019] According to one aspect of the present application, a computer program is provided, which includes computer instructions. A processor of a computer device executes the computer instructions, so that the computer device executes the transmission method as described in the above aspect.

[0020] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application may have the following beneficial effects:

[0021] By setting the first portion within the first time unit, the first signal is minimized from interfering with the next time unit, achieving effective uplink synchronization. Since the first UE does not need to initiate a RAR to acquire the TA or receive a TA command to maintain the TA, this significantly saves power consumption and transmission resources, helping to improve the overall efficiency of the communication system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0023] FIG1 shows a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0024] FIG2 shows a schematic diagram of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0025] FIG3 shows a schematic diagram of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0026] FIG4 shows a schematic flow chart of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0027] FIG5 is a schematic diagram showing a flow chart of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0028] FIG6 shows a schematic diagram of a first time unit provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0029] FIG7 shows a schematic diagram of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0030] FIG8 shows a schematic diagram of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0031] FIG9 shows a schematic diagram of a third signal provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0032] FIG10 shows a schematic diagram of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0033] FIG11 shows a structural block diagram of a transmission device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0034] FIG12 shows a structural block diagram of a transmission device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0035] FIG13 shows a schematic structural diagram of a network device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0036] FIG14 shows a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present application more clear, the embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, with examples shown in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Instead, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present application, as detailed in the appended claims.

[0038] The terms used in this application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this application. As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," "the," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0039] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in this application to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining".

[0040] In the embodiments of the present application, "agreement" can be implemented by pre-saving corresponding codes, tables or other methods that can be used to indicate relevant information in a communication device (such as a terminal device, a network device), and the present application does not limit its specific implementation method. The communication protocol agreement can also be understood as a predefined communication protocol.

[0041] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The wireless communication system includes a network device 110 and a terminal device 120. Optionally, a terminal device 130 may also be included, which is not limited in the present application.

[0042] The network device 110 in the present application provides wireless communication functions, and the network device 110 includes but is not limited to: Evolved Node B (eNB), Radio Network Controller (RNC), Node B (NB), Base Station Controller (BSC), Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Home Base Station (e.g., Home Evolved Node B, or Home Node B, HNB), Baseband Unit (BBU), Access Point (AP) in Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) system, Wireless Relay Node, Wireless Backhaul Node, Transmission Point (TP) or Transmission and Reception Point (TRP), etc., and can also be the Next Generation Node B (NGNB) in the 5th Generation (5G) mobile communication system. B, gNB) or transmission point (TRP or TP), or one or a group of (including multiple antenna panels) antenna panels of a base station in a 5G system, or it can also be a network node constituting a gNB or transmission point, such as a baseband unit (BBU) or distributed unit (DU), or a base station in a Beyond Fifth Generation (B5G) mobile communication system or a sixth generation (6G) mobile communication system, or a core network (CN), fronthaul, backhaul, radio access network (RAN), network slice, etc., or a reader / writer of a radio frequency identification (RFID) system.

[0043] The terminal device 120 and / or terminal device 130 in this application are also called user equipment (UE), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, and user device. The terminals include, but are not limited to, handheld devices, wearable devices, vehicle-mounted devices, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as electronic tags, controllers, mobile phones, tablet computers, e-book readers, laptop computers, desktop computers, televisions, game consoles, mobile Internet devices (MIDs), augmented reality (AR) terminals, virtual reality (VR) terminals, and mixed reality (MR) terminals, wearable devices, handles, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in remote medical care, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, wireless terminals in remote medical surgery, cellular phones, cordless phones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, and wireless local loops. Loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDA), TV set-top boxes (STB), customer premises equipment (CPE), etc.

[0044] The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Global System of Mobile communication (GSM) system, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) system, Advanced Long Term Evolution (LTE-A) system, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) communication system, 5G mobile communication system, New Radio (NR) system, NR system evolution system, LTE on unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) system, NR on unlicensed spectrum (NR-based access to unlicensed spectrum) system. Unlicensed spectrum, NR-U) system, terrestrial communication network (Terrestrial Networks, TN) system, non-terrestrial communication network (Non-Terrestrial Networks, NTN) system, wireless local area network (Wireless Local Area Networks, WLAN), wireless fidelity (Wireless Fidelity, Wi-Fi), cellular Internet of Things system, cellular passive Internet of Things system, can also be applied to the subsequent evolution system of the 5G NR system, and can also be applied to B5G, 6G and subsequent evolution systems. In some embodiments of the present application, "NR" may also be referred to as a 5G NR system or a 5G system. Among them, the 5G mobile communication system may include non-standalone networking (NSA) and / or standalone networking (SA).

[0045] The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application can also be applied to machine type communication (MTC), long term evolution technology for machine-to-machine communication (LTE-M), device-to-device (D2D) network, machine-to-machine (M2M) network, Internet of Things (IoT) network or other networks. Among them, the IoT network can include, for example, the Internet of Vehicles. Among them, the communication mode in the Internet of Vehicles system is collectively referred to as vehicle to other devices (Vehicle to X, V2X, X can represent anything), for example, the V2X can include: vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication, vehicle to pedestrian communication (V2P) or vehicle to network (V2N) communication, etc.

[0046] The terminal device 120 and the terminal device 130 communicate with each other through a direct communication interface, such as a PC5 interface. For example, the terminal device 120 and the terminal device 130 are both within the network coverage and located in the same cell, or the terminal device 120 and the terminal device 130 are both within the network coverage but located in different cells, or the terminal device 120 is within the network coverage but the terminal device 130 is outside the network coverage.

[0047] Network device 110 and terminal device 120 communicate with each other via an air interface technology, such as the Uu interface. There are two communication scenarios between network device 110 and terminal device 120: uplink (UL) transmission and downlink (DL) transmission. Uplink transmission refers to the transmission of signals from terminal device 120 to network device 110; downlink transmission refers to the transmission of signals from network device 110 to terminal device 120.

[0048] Timing Advance (TA):

[0049] A key feature of the uplink transmission shown in Figure 1 is that different UEs are orthogonal in time and frequency. That is, uplink transmissions from different UEs within the same cell do not interfere with each other. To ensure orthogonality in uplink transmissions and avoid intra-cell interference and inter-symbol interference, the base station requires that signals from different UEs in the same subframe arrive at the base station at essentially aligned times. As long as the base station receives uplink data sent by a UE within the cyclic prefix (CP), it can correctly decode the uplink data. Therefore, signals from different UEs in the same subframe must arrive at the base station within the CP.

[0050] To ensure time synchronization on the base station side, an uplink timing advance (TA) mechanism is introduced. This mechanism requires UEs to send uplink signals in advance according to the TA value, ensuring that data arrives at the base station at the predetermined time. The TA value represents the advance between the time the UE transmits an uplink subframe and the time it receives a downlink subframe. By adjusting the timing advance for each UE, the base station can control the arrival time of uplink signals from different UEs at the base station. UEs farther from the base station experience greater transmission delays, so they require a larger timing advance than UEs closer to the base station.

[0051] As shown in Figure 2, the base station sends a downlink signal. The propagation delays of the downlink signal reaching UE#1 and UE#2 are Tp1 and Tp2, respectively. The base station specifies a TA value of twice the propagation delay for UE#1 and UE#2, respectively. Therefore, UE#1's TA value is 2*Tp1, and UE#2's TA value is 2*Tp2. UE#1 uses a TA value of 2*Tp1 to send uplink signals, while UE#2 uses a TA value of 2*Tp2. The signals sent by UE#1 and UE#2 arrive at the base station simultaneously. On the base station side, the reception timing of the uplink signals is aligned.

[0052] The base station adjusts the TA value by sending a TA command (Timing Advance Command) to the UE. The TA command is usually sent in the following two ways:

[0053] 1) During the random access procedure (RAR), the base station determines the TA value by measuring the received preamble and sends it to the UE via the Timing Advance Command field of the RAR. The preamble primarily consists of a preamble sequence, typically a ZC sequence obtained by cyclic shifting. The ZC sequence itself has no special meaning (for example, it does not carry data or control information). The mapping between different ZC sequences and different UEs gives the preamble sequence its meaning.

[0054] 2) In the Radio Resource Control connected state (RRC_CONNECTED), the base station needs to maintain TA information. Although the UE and the base station have achieved uplink synchronization in RAR, the time (Timing) when the uplink signal reaches the base station may change, for example, due to the UE being in high-speed movement, the accumulation of the UE's crystal oscillator offset resulting in uplink timing deviation, etc. Therefore, the UE needs to continuously update its uplink timing advance to maintain uplink synchronization. The base station uses a closed-loop mechanism to adjust the uplink timing advance. The base station determines the TA value of each UE based on measuring the uplink transmission of the corresponding UE. Therefore, as long as the UE has uplink transmission, the base station can use it to estimate the TA value. In theory, any signal sent by a UE can be used to measure the TA value, such as the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Acknowledgement (ACK), Negative Acknowledgement (NACK), and Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). If the TA value of a specific UE needs to be corrected, the base station sends a TA command to the UE, requesting it to adjust its uplink TA value. This TA command is sent to the UE via a Media Access Control Control Element (MAC CE). The TA value adjustment period is controlled by a Timing Advance Timer (TAT), which can take values ​​such as 500ms, 750ms, 1280ms, 1920ms, 2560ms, 5120ms, or 10240ms.

[0055] Zero-power devices:

[0056] With the development of communication technology and the expansion of communication needs, the demand for low power consumption in communication equipment is becoming increasingly urgent. To this end, zero-power communication technology has been introduced to reduce power consumption on the UE side. Zero-power communication technology can also be referred to as at least one of the following: ultra-low-power communication technology, low-power communication technology, etc. Communication equipment used to implement zero-power communication technology can be referred to as zero-power devices. Zero-power devices can also be referred to as at least one of the following: ultra-low-power devices, low-power devices, etc.

[0057] Specifically, from the perspective of energy sources and usage, zero-power devices can be divided into the following three types:

[0058] (1) Passive devices; Passive devices do not require built-in batteries. When a passive device approaches a network device (such as the reader of an RFID system), the passive device is within the near field formed by the radiation of the network device antenna. Therefore, the passive device antenna generates an induced current through electromagnetic induction, and the induced current drives the low-power chip circuit of the passive device. This realizes the demodulation of the forward link signal and the modulation of the backward link signal. For the backscatter link, the passive device can use backscatter or extremely low-power active transmission to transmit the signal. Passive devices do not require built-in batteries to drive either the forward link or the reverse link. Therefore, passive devices can be considered as true zero-power devices.

[0059] In addition to not requiring batteries, the RF circuits and baseband circuits of passive devices are also very simple. For example, they do not require components such as LNA, power amplifier (PA), crystal oscillator, analog to digital converter (ADC), etc., which makes passive devices have many advantages such as small size, light weight, very low price, and long service life.

[0060] (2) Semi-passive devices: Semi-passive devices do not have conventional batteries installed. Radio wave energy is collected through the RF energy collection module, and the collected energy is stored in an energy storage unit (such as a capacitor). After the energy storage unit obtains energy, it can drive the low-power chip circuit of the semi-passive device. It can realize the demodulation of the forward link signal and the modulation of the backward link signal. For the backscatter link, the semi-passive device can use backscatter or low-power active transmission to transmit the signal.

[0061] Semi-passive devices do not require built-in batteries to drive either the forward link or the reverse link. Although they use energy stored in capacitors during operation, this energy comes from radio frequency energy. Therefore, semi-passive devices can be considered as true zero-power devices.

[0062] Semi-passive devices inherit many advantages of passive devices, such as small size, light weight, very cheap price, long service life, etc.

[0063] (3) Active devices; Active devices can have built-in batteries. The battery is used to drive the low-power chip circuit of the active device. It can realize the demodulation of the forward link signal and the modulation of the reverse link signal. The reverse link signal transmission of the active device can be realized by backscattering without consuming the active device's own power. Alternatively, the active device can realize reverse link transmission by low-power active transmission. Although the battery is built in, this type of active device has extremely low power consumption and complexity, so the battery capacity can be set within a smaller range, thereby achieving smaller cost and size. The built-in battery of the active device can also be used as an energy storage unit to store the ambient energy collected by the energy harvesting module, so that the maintenance cycle of the active device is longer or even maintenance-free.

[0064] Active devices use built-in batteries to increase their communication range and improve communication reliability. Therefore, active devices are used in scenarios with relatively high requirements for communication distance and read latency.

[0065] Specifically, from the perspective of transmitter type, zero-power devices can be divided into the following three types:

[0066] (1) Devices equipped with a backscatter module use the backscatter method described above for uplink transmission. This type of device does not have an active transmitter for active transmission, but only a transmitter with a backscatter module. Therefore, when performing uplink transmission, the network device needs to provide a carrier. This type of device performs backscatter based on the carrier to achieve uplink transmission.

[0067] (2) Devices with active transmitters use active transmitters with active transmission capabilities for uplink transmission. Therefore, when performing uplink transmission, such devices can use their own active transmitters to send uplink data without the need for network equipment to provide a carrier. Active transmitters suitable for such devices include, for example, low-power Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) transmitters and low-power Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) transmitters. Based on current implementations, when such transmitters transmit a 100 microwatt (μW) signal, the overall power consumption of the device can be reduced to 400-600 μW.

[0068] (3) Devices that have both backscatter modules and active transmitters support both backscatter and active transmission. This type of device can determine whether to use backscatter or active transmission based on different situations (such as different power levels, different available environmental energy levels), or based on the scheduling of network devices.

[0069] Cellular Passive IoT:

[0070] As 5G industry applications expand, the types of connected objects and application scenarios will increase, placing higher demands on the price and power consumption of communication equipment. The application of battery-free, low-cost Passive IoT devices has become a key technology for cellular IoT, expanding the types and number of terminals connected to 5G networks and truly realizing the Internet of Everything. Passive IoT devices can be extended based on these zero-power devices to be suitable for cellular IoT.

[0071] In NR and Wi-Fi systems, the advantages of being battery-free and low-cost can support low-cost, large-scale deployment and maintenance-free IoT devices. Research is currently underway on IoT devices based on ambient energy to address energy supply issues. IoT devices based on ambient energy can be called ambient power enabled IoT (Ambient Power Enabled IoT, Ambient IoT / A-IoT / AMP) devices, and the energy required for their operation comes from ambient energy harvesting, which can be radio frequency energy, light energy, solar energy, thermal energy, mechanical energy, and so on. Devices that harvest radio frequency energy to power their own operations may require other devices to provide them with radio frequency power signals.

[0072] These A-IoT devices are similar to passive or semi-passive devices in zero-power communications. They harvest ambient energy and store it in an energy storage unit. Once the energy storage unit receives sufficient energy, it drives low-power circuits for forward link signal demodulation and reverse link signal modulation and transmission.

[0073] A-IoT devices can be divided into the following three types, each with its own level of complexity and communication capabilities:

[0074] Device A: Does not have energy storage capabilities. It cannot send independent signals and uses backscatter transmission.

[0075] Device B: Has energy storage capabilities. It cannot transmit independent signals and instead uses backscatter transmission. It can use the stored energy to amplify the backscattered signal.

[0076] Device C: Has energy storage capabilities and can send independent signals, i.e., has active transmission capabilities.

[0077] Among them, device A has the lowest complexity and power consumption, which can be as low as 1 microwatt, but its communication distance is limited, generally only a few meters. Device A requires network equipment to provide a carrier signal for backscattering transmission. Device C generally has a large-capacity capacitor to store energy from the environment, and its power consumption can support hundreds of microwatts. It can support active signal transmission and has a longer communication distance. Because device C can actively transmit, there is no need for network equipment to provide a carrier signal for device C. The complexity and power consumption of device B are between devices A and C.

[0078] In general, compared with other IoT devices, A-IoT devices have many advantages such as no need for conventional batteries, no maintenance, small size, low complexity and low cost, and long life cycle.

[0079] As you can understand, uplink synchronization is essential for all types of terminal devices. Failure to ensure that uplink transmissions from terminal devices arrive synchronously at the network equipment side will cause severe interference within the communication system. Assuming the UE maintains a valid time interval (TA), the signal from the previous timeslot will not be delayed until the next timeslot, thereby interfering with the transmission of the next timeslot. As shown in Figure 3, without a TA, the UE determines the transmission boundary of the uplink timeslot based on the received downlink timeslot boundaries. Downlink timeslots arrive at UE#1 and UE#2, respectively, after propagation delays of Tp1 and Tp2. The uplink timeslots of UE#1 and UE#2 are aligned with the received downlink timeslots and arrive at the base station after propagation delays of Tp1 and Tp2, respectively. Therefore, the uplink timeslot timing of UE#1 and UE#2 differs from the downlink timeslot timing transmitted by the base station by 2*Tp1 and 2*Tp2, respectively. Accordingly, on the base station side, the uplink timeslots of UE#1 and UE#2 overlap with the next downlink timeslot by 2*Tp1 and 2*Tp2, respectively. Regardless of whether the next time slot is used for uplink or downlink transmission, these overlapping parts will affect the transmission of the next time slot. In addition, if there is no valid TA, the UE's uplink transmission will be restricted, for example, it will not be able to use the resources of the configured grant (CG) for CG transmission.

[0080] Traditional UEs are mainly powered by batteries and can obtain TA as required and frequently adjust TA to maintain TA validity, thereby better achieving uplink and downlink timing alignment.

[0081] However, for these zero-power and A-IoT devices, energy comes from the environment, the devices themselves have very limited energy storage capacity, and their structure is very simple, sometimes even lacking components such as crystal oscillators. This makes it difficult for these devices to adjust their TA as quickly and frequently as traditional UEs. For example, initiating a RAR to obtain the TA or receiving a MAC CE carrying a TA command to adjust the TA is very power-consuming for these devices and requires a high level of environmental energy collection. This is especially true for zero-power and A-IoT devices with low data activity and data volumes, where maintaining the TA results in a particularly severe power consumption issue.

[0082] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a feasible uplink transmission solution for zero-power devices and A-IoT devices to simultaneously meet the requirements of low power consumption and uplink synchronization.

[0083] FIG4 shows a schematic flow chart of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The method is executed by a first UE and includes:

[0084] Step 420: Transmit or backscatter a first signal in a first time unit, where the first time unit includes a first portion, and the first signal uses part or all of the time domain resources in the first time unit except the first portion.

[0085] In this embodiment of the present application, the first UE includes at least one of the following devices: a zero-power device; a low-power device; an ultra-low-power device, an AMP device; an A-IoT device; a passive IoT device; or a station (STA). It can also be understood that the first UE supports at least one of the following communication modes: zero-power communication, low-power communication, ultra-low-power communication, passive IoT communication, AMP communication, and Wi-Fi communication.

[0086] In an embodiment of the present application, the time unit includes at least one of the following: a time slot (Slot), a frame (Frame), a subframe (Subframe), a mini-time slot (Mini-Slot), a sub-time slot, a symbol (Symbol), a symbol group, a time unit based on other time domain units, etc.

[0087] The first signal uses part or all of the time domain resources in the first time unit except the first part, that is, the first signal does not occupy the first part in the first time unit. The reason for setting the first part in the first time unit is to take into account the inevitable delay problem of signal transmission. After setting the first part, even if the transmission of the first signal causes a delay, the delay can be made to occur in the first part as much as possible, and the transmission in the first time unit can be avoided as much as possible to interfere with the transmission in the next time unit. Therefore, it can be considered that the setting of the first part reserves a part of the time domain resources for absorbing the delay for the transmission of the first signal, and avoids the receiver of the first signal from occupying the next time unit to receive the first signal.

[0088] In some embodiments, the first part can be considered as a first time domain part, and the first time domain part can also be called an interval time domain part, an idle time domain part, an invalid time domain part, a protection time domain part, etc.

[0089] In some embodiments, the first signal carries data information or control information.

[0090] In summary, the method provided in the embodiments of the present application achieves effective uplink synchronization by setting the first portion within the first time unit to minimize interference caused by the first signal on the next time unit. Because the first UE does not need to initiate a RAR to obtain a TA or receive a TA command to maintain the TA, this significantly saves power consumption and transmission resources, helping to improve the overall efficiency of the communication system.

[0091] FIG5 shows a flow chart of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The method is executed by a network device and includes:

[0092] Step 520: Receive a first signal in a first time unit, where the first time unit includes a first portion, and the first signal uses part or all of the time domain resources in the first time unit except the first portion.

[0093] The embodiments of the present application are applicable to at least one of the following communication scenarios: zero-power communication, low-power communication, ultra-low-power communication, passive Internet of Things communication, AMP communication, and Wi-Fi communication.

[0094] In the embodiment of the present application, the time unit includes at least one of the following: a time slot, a frame, a subframe, a mini time slot, a sub-time slot, a symbol, a symbol group, a time unit based on other time domain units, etc.

[0095] The first signal uses part or all of the time domain resources in the first time unit except the first part, that is, the first signal does not occupy the first part in the first time unit. The reason for setting the first part in the first time unit is to take into account the inevitable delay problem of signal transmission. After setting the first part, even if the transmission of the first signal generates a delay, the delay can be made to occur in the first part as much as possible, and the transmission in the first time unit can be prevented from interfering with the transmission in the next time unit as much as possible. Therefore, it can be considered that the setting of the first part reserves a part of the time domain resources for absorbing the delay for the transmission of the first signal, and avoids the network device occupying the next time unit to receive the first signal.

[0096] In some embodiments, the first part can be considered as a first time domain part, and the first time domain part can also be called an interval time domain part, an idle time domain part, an invalid time domain part, a protection time domain part, etc.

[0097] In some embodiments, the first signal carries data information or control information.

[0098] In some embodiments, the first signal is an actively transmitted signal, or the first signal is a backscattered signal.

[0099] In some embodiments, the network device sends first configuration information for configuring the first time unit. Optionally, the first configuration information is used to configure the first time unit, or to configure part or all of the time domain resources in the first time unit except the first part.

[0100] In some embodiments, the network device sends first indication information to indicate the second parameter value.

[0101] In some embodiments, the network device provides a carrier signal for the first UE to backscatter the first signal.

[0102] In summary, the method provided in the embodiments of the present application achieves effective uplink synchronization by setting the first portion within the first time unit to minimize interference caused by the first signal on the next time unit. Network devices no longer need to configure the TA through RAR or frequently send TA commands to maintain the TA, significantly saving power and transmission resources, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the communication system.

[0103] In the embodiment of this application, two implementation methods are provided for the first part:

[0104] 1. In some embodiments, the first portion may be referred to as a guard time (GT) or a guard period (GP). Setting the first portion within the first time unit may be understood as setting a guard time for uplink transmission of the first UE to avoid uplink interference.

[0105] 2. In some embodiments, the first part can be called an invalid (Void) part. "Invalid" can be understood from the perspective of whether the time domain resources are available, wherein "whether the time domain resources are available" is relative to the first UE. Setting the first part within the first time unit can be understood as defining a part of the time domain resources within the first time unit as an "unavailable time domain part", and the first signal does not occupy the "unavailable time domain part" when it is sent, so that the delay of the first signal at the receiving end occurs within the first part, thereby avoiding uplink interference. Exemplarily, as shown in Figure 6, the first part is at the end of the first time unit, that is, the front part of the time domain resources within the first time unit is available for uplink transmission, and the tail part of the time domain resources within the first time unit is not available for uplink transmission.

[0106] In some embodiments, the first time unit is configured by the network device through first configuration information. Optionally, the first configuration information is used to configure the first time unit, or to configure some or all time domain resources other than the first portion of the first time unit. The first UE determines the time domain resources for uplink transmission based on the first configuration information.

[0107] Taking CG transmission as an example here, the first UE can use the CG resources configured by the network device for uplink transmission without the need for scheduling by the network device, which can save the transmission resources and signaling interaction required for dynamic scheduling. In one case, when configuring the CG resources, the network device does not consider the reserved invalid part, and directly configures it based on the first time unit. Then, when the first UE uses the CG resources, it can independently use all or part of the time domain resources in the first time unit except the invalid part. In another case, when configuring the CG resources, the network device only indicates all or part of the time domain resources in the first time unit except the invalid part as CG resources. Then, when the first UE uses the CG resources, it will naturally not use the first part.

[0108] In the embodiment of the present application, a specific design is provided for the length of the first part, taking into account the possible situations in actual communication scenarios:

[0109] In some embodiments, the length of the first part is agreed upon by a communication protocol, configured by a network device, or determined by the first UE.

[0110] In some embodiments, the network device configures the length of the first part for the first UE through a system message, or RRC signaling, or MAC CE.

[0111] In some embodiments, the length of the first portion is related to at least one of the following:

[0112] A first distance, where the first distance refers to a distance between the first UE and the network device;

[0113] The coverage radius of the serving cell, which is the serving cell of the first UE;

[0114] a measurement result of a second signal, the second signal being from a network device;

[0115] A first parameter value, where the first parameter value is agreed upon by a communication protocol or configured by a network device, and the first parameter value is used to indicate the length of the first part;

[0116] A second parameter value, which is agreed upon by a communication protocol or configured by a network device, and is used to indicate a timing advance.

[0117] Next, we discuss the length of the first part in three situations:

[0118] Case 1:

[0119] As mentioned above, the power consumption problem caused by the first UE acquiring and maintaining the TA is relatively serious, making it difficult to support the validity maintenance of the TA. Therefore, it can be assumed that the uplink transmission of the first UE occurs when TA=0, that is, the first UE does not have a valid TA.

[0120] 1. The length of the first part is related to the first distance

[0121] In some embodiments, the length of the first portion is proportional to the first distance. It is understood that the farther the first UE is from the network device, the longer the delay incurred when the first UE performs uplink transmission, and the longer the length of the first portion should be.

[0122] In some embodiments, the length of the first portion is proportional to the first delay value. The first delay value is determined based on the quotient of the first distance and the signal propagation speed. For example, the first delay value is represented as Tp, the first distance is represented as D, and the signal propagation speed is represented as c, then Tp = D / c, or, or, in, Indicates rounding up. Indicates rounding down.

[0123] In some embodiments, the length of the first portion is twice the first delay value. For example, if the first portion is GT, GT=2*Tp. For example, if the first portion is an invalid portion, Void=2*Tp.

[0124] 2. The length of the first part is related to the coverage radius of the serving cell

[0125] In some embodiments, considering the different distances between different UEs and network devices within the same cell, and to avoid uplink interference caused by the UE farthest from the network device, the length of the first part can be determined based on the coverage radius of the serving cell. The length of the first part is proportional to the coverage radius of the serving cell. It is understood that the larger the coverage radius of the serving cell, the longer the maximum delay that may be incurred when UEs within the cell perform uplink transmissions. In particular, for UEs at the cell edge, the length of the first part should also be longer.

[0126] For example, the coverage radius of the serving cell is represented by R. Taking the first part as GT as an example, GT=2*R / c. Taking the first part as an invalid part as an example, Void=2*R / c.

[0127] In some embodiments, the coverage radius of the serving cell of the first UE is determined according to the calculation result of the link budget. Specifically, the coverage radius of the serving cell depends on the deployment of the cell and the specific application scenario.

[0128] Determining the length of the first part according to the coverage radius of the serving cell can ensure that the transmission delay of all UEs in the cell occurs within the first part, and even UEs at the cell edge will not cause uplink interference during uplink transmission.

[0129] 3. The length of the first part is related to the measurement result of the second signal

[0130] The second signal is a downlink signal sent by the network device, and the measurement result of the second signal can be used to determine the length of the first part.

[0131] In some embodiments, the measurement result of the second signal is represented by at least one of the following: a reference signal receiving power (RSRP) value, a reference signal strength indicator (RSSI) value, a reference signal receiving quality (RSRQ) value, a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) value, a cross link interference (CLI) value, and a channel state information (CSI).

[0132] In some embodiments, the measurement result of the second signal is an instantaneous measurement result or an average measurement result. The case where the measurement result of the second signal is an average measurement result indicates that the second signal is measured multiple times over a period of time, resulting in multiple measurement results, and the average of the multiple measurement results is determined as the measurement result of the second signal. It will be understood that the measurement result of the second signal may also be the maximum value, minimum value, median, etc. of the multiple measurement results.

[0133] In some embodiments, the measurement result of the second signal is obtained by the first UE. Exemplarily, the first UE receives and measures the second signal.

[0134] In some embodiments, the length of the first portion is determined based on a mapping relationship between the length of the first portion and a first value, wherein the first value is any one of the following values: a measurement result of the second signal, a first distance, a first delay value, or a path loss.

[0135] In some embodiments, the measurement result of the second signal is used to determine the first distance, the first distance is used to determine the first delay value, and the first delay value is used to determine the length of the first part. Exemplarily, the first UE obtains the measurement result of the second signal, calculates the first distance based on the measurement result of the second signal, calculates the first delay value based on the first distance, and calculates the length of the first part based on the first delay value. Optionally, the first delay value is proportional to the length of the first part, and the proportional relationship between the first delay value and the length of the first part is agreed upon by the communication protocol, or configured by the network device, or determined by the first UE. Optionally, the length of the first part is twice the first delay value, and the relationship between the first delay value and twice the length of the first part is agreed upon by the communication protocol, or configured by the network device, or determined by the first UE. Optionally, the first delay value and the length of the first part have a first mapping relationship, and the first mapping relationship is agreed upon by the communication protocol, or configured by the network device, or determined by the first UE.

[0136] In some embodiments, the measurement result of the second signal has a second mapping relationship with the delay. Optionally, the second mapping relationship is agreed upon by a communication protocol, configured by a network device, or determined by the first UE. The first UE determines the delay corresponding to the measurement result of the second signal based on the second mapping relationship, and then calculates the length of the first part based on the delay. Exemplarily, the length of the first part is proportional to the delay. Exemplarily, the length of the first part is twice the delay.

[0137] In some embodiments, the measurement result of the second signal is used to determine the path loss. Exemplarily, the path loss is calculated by the transmit power and receive power of the second signal. Optionally, the path loss is used to calculate the delay. Exemplarily, the first UE can calculate the length of the first part based on the delay, and the length of the first part is twice the delay. Optionally, the path loss and the length of the first part have a third mapping relationship. Exemplarily, the first UE determines the length of the first part corresponding to the path loss based on the third mapping relationship. The third mapping relationship is agreed upon by the communication protocol, configured by the network device, or determined by the first UE.

[0138] In some embodiments, the measurement result of the second signal and the length of the first portion have a fourth mapping relationship. Optionally, the fourth mapping relationship is agreed upon by a communication protocol, configured by a network device, or determined by the first UE. The first UE determines the length of the first portion corresponding to the measurement result of the second signal based on the fourth mapping relationship.

[0139] In some embodiments, the length of the first portion is inversely proportional to the measurement result of the second signal. It is understood that a better measurement result of the second signal indicates better communication quality between the two receiving parties of the second signal, a smaller distance between the two receiving parties of the second signal, and a smaller latency, and the length of the first portion can be appropriately reduced.

[0140] 4. The length of the first part is related to the value of the first parameter

[0141] In some embodiments, the network device directly indicates the first parameter value to the first UE, and the first UE uses the first parameter value as the length of the first part.

[0142] The following four methods of calculating the length of the first part are particularly suitable for the case where the first UE does not have a valid TA, so that the first UE can achieve uplink synchronization without considering the TA value, avoiding interference with the transmission of the next time unit.

[0143] For example, as shown in Figure 7, UE#1 and UE#2 do not have a valid TA, and the timing of the uplink time unit is determined according to the timing of the downlink time unit. The base station sends a downlink signal, and the propagation delay of the downlink signal to UE#1 and UE#2 is Tp1 and Tp2, respectively. Time unit #1 includes a first part (indicated by shading), the length of which can be determined using the four methods provided in Case 1. The UE uses all time domain resources within time unit #1 except the first part to transmit or backscatter the uplink signal. Of course, the UE can also use only some time domain resources within time unit #1 except the first part to transmit or backscatter the uplink signal (not shown in the figure). UE#1 sends an uplink signal at the timing of Tp1, and the uplink signal reaches the base station via Tp1. In other words, the base station receives the uplink signal from UE#1 at a timing of 2*Tp1. UE#2 sends an uplink signal at the timing of Tp2, and the uplink signal reaches the base station via Tp2. In other words, the base station receives the uplink signal from UE#2 at a timing of 2*Tp2. Because time unit #1 includes the first part, the delay of the first signals sent by UE#1 and UE#2 occurs within the first part and does not interfere with time unit #2. On the base station side, the time at which the uplink signals sent by UE#1 and UE#2 are received is aligned.

[0144] Case 2:

[0145] However, in actual applications, it cannot be completely ruled out that the first UE has a valid TA. For example, the network device indicates the second parameter value to the first UE through RRC signaling, or MAC layer control information, or physical layer control information (such as downlink control information (DCI)), so that the first UE can obtain a certain TA value.

[0146] Then, in this case, the length of the first part can be adjusted accordingly according to the second parameter value. For example, the length of the first part calculated in Case 1 is subtracted from the second parameter value to obtain the length of the first part actually used by the first UE. In other words, the four calculation methods provided in Case 1 are all applicable to Case 2. The calculation method of Case 2 is based on Case 1 and subtracts the second parameter value from the calculation result of Case 1. Case 2 is particularly suitable for the case where the first UE obtains the TA parameter, so that the length of the first part is reduced accordingly, which can not only achieve uplink synchronization, but also carry more data information or control information within the first time unit, thereby improving communication efficiency.

[0147] In some embodiments, the length of the first part is determined based on the first distance and the second parameter value, or based on the first delay value and the second parameter value, or based on the coverage radius of the service cell and the second parameter value, or based on the first parameter value and the second parameter value, or based on the measurement result of the second signal and the second parameter value.

[0148] Taking the length of the first part as being related to the coverage radius of the serving cell, the second parameter value is expressed as TA C , GT=2*R / c-TA C , Void=2*R / c-TA C .

[0149] Taking the length of the first part and the first parameter value as an example, the first parameter value is expressed as GT C , GT=GT C -TA C , Void=GT C -TA C .

[0150] Taking the length of the first part as determined by twice the first delay value as an example, GT = 2*Tp-TA C , Void=2*Tp-TA C .

[0151] For example, as shown in FIG8 , the network device instructs UE#1 and UE#2 to use a second parameter value of TA. The base station transmits a downlink signal, and the propagation delays of the downlink signal to UE#1 and UE#2 are Tp1 and Tp2, respectively. Time unit #1 includes a first portion (indicated by shading), the length of which can be determined using the method provided in Case 2. The UE uses all time domain resources within time unit #1, except for the first portion, to transmit or backscatter uplink signals. Alternatively, the UE may use only some of the time domain resources within time unit #1, except for the first portion, to transmit or backscatter uplink signals (not shown in the figure). UE#1 transmits a first signal at a timing of Tp1-TA, which then reaches the network device via Tp1. That is, the network device receives the first signal from UE#1 at a timing of 2*Tp1-TA. UE#2 transmits a first signal at a timing of Tp2-TA, which then reaches the network device via Tp2. That is, the network device receives the first signal from UE#2 at a timing of 2*Tp2-TA. Because time unit #1 includes the first part, the delay of the first signals sent by UE#1 and UE#2 both occurs within the first part and does not interfere with time unit #2. On the network device side, the time at which the uplink signals sent by UE#1 and UE#2 are received is aligned.

[0152] In some embodiments, the second parameter value is a timing advance parameter commonly used in the cell. Optionally, the second parameter value is indicated via a system message, RRC signaling, MAC layer control information, or physical layer control information.

[0153] In some embodiments, the second parameter value is a timing advance parameter dedicated to the first UE, that is, the second parameter value is used to indicate the TA value of the first UE. Alternatively, the second parameter value is a timing advance parameter dedicated to a first UE group, where the first UE group is the UE group (Group) to which the first UE belongs, that is, the second parameter value is used to indicate the TA value of the first UE group. Optionally, the second parameter value is indicated via RRC signaling, MAC layer control information, or physical layer control information.

[0154] Case 3:

[0155] Case 1 is for when the first UE does not have a valid TA, and the length of the first part is determined according to certain rules. Case 2 is for when the first UE obtains TA parameters, and the length of the first part is determined according to certain rules. In practice, it is also possible to support the first UE to autonomously determine the length of the first part based on the validity of the second parameter value, thereby providing a more flexible, accurate, and practical uplink transmission solution.

[0156] In case three, a first timer is introduced to determine the validity of the second parameter value. For example, if the second parameter value obtained by the first UE is a valid TA value during the timing of the first timer, then the first UE can be considered to have a valid TA. If the second parameter value obtained by the first UE is an invalid TA value during the expiration of the first timer, then the first UE can be considered to have no valid TA. Therefore, the first timer can be considered to be related to the second parameter value.

[0157] If the second parameter value obtained by the first UE is a valid TA value, this means that even if the first part is not set within the first time unit, the uplink transmission of the first UE will not cause uplink interference. In this case, the length of the first part can be 0, and the first UE can use more time domain resources within the first time unit to transmit data information or control information.

[0158] In the case where the second parameter value obtained by the first UE is an invalid TA value, the length of the first part can be determined by using the method provided in the above case 1 or case 2 to reduce or avoid uplink interference as much as possible.

[0159] In some embodiments, the second parameter value is indicated by the network device via first indication information. Upon receiving the first indication information, the first UE starts the first timer. Optionally, the first indication information is carried in a system message, or RRC signaling, or MAC layer control information, or physical layer control information. Optionally, the timing duration of the first timer is agreed upon by a communication protocol, or configured by the network device, or determined by the first UE.

[0160] In some embodiments, the first indication information is a TA command, for example, the network device uses a Timing Advance Command to indicate the second parameter value.

[0161] Exemplarily, when the first UE does not have a valid TA, the first UE determines the length of the first part using the method provided in Case 1, and uses the time unit containing the first part to transmit or backscatter the first signal. After receiving the first signal, the network device carries the first indication information in the subsequent downlink transmission to indicate the second parameter value. After receiving the first indication information, the first UE starts the first timer. During the timing of the first timer, if the first UE needs uplink transmission, the uplink transmission is performed according to the TA value indicated by the second parameter value, and there is no need to set the first part in the time unit. After the first timer times out, the first UE determines the length of the first part using the method provided in Case 1 or Case 2, and uses the time unit containing the first part to transmit or backscatter the first signal.

[0162] It can be seen that the uplink transmission solution provided by Case 3 is more flexible, and supports the UE to autonomously determine whether to adopt the first part according to the validity of the TA value, which not only helps to achieve uplink timing, but also helps to save signaling interaction and improve uplink transmission efficiency. In addition, there is no need for the first UE to actively initiate RAR to obtain a valid TA, nor is there a need to frequently adjust the TA, which significantly saves power consumption and signaling interaction on the UE side. Regardless of whether there is a valid TA, the first UE can perform uplink transmission without causing uplink interference. Therefore, Case 3 does not require the UE to obtain a valid TA before uplink transmission, supports the UE to perform uplink transmission flexibly and autonomously, and also supports the UE to adjust the length of the first part in a timely and autonomous manner according to the first indication information from the network side, which is very suitable for actual communication scenarios.

[0163] In the embodiment of the present application, a more specific design is provided for the scenario where the first signal is a backscattered signal:

[0164] As can be seen from the foregoing, the first signal can be an actively transmitted signal or a backscattered signal. If the first UE adopts the backscattering method, other devices are required to provide a carrier signal for the first UE. For the sake of convenience, the embodiment of the present application refers to the carrier signal provided by other devices as the third signal, that is, the first signal can be the backscattered signal of the third signal. Among them, the other device can be a network device, an auxiliary device in the network, or a second UE, and the second UE refers to other UEs other than the first UE. The embodiment of the present application provides two designs of backscattered signals from the perspective of the third signal.

[0165] 1. The second time unit used by the third signal also includes the first part

[0166] The third signal is not transmitted continuously within a time unit, but includes a first portion (i.e., the GT or Void portion). The third signal is interrupted within the first portion. As shown in Figure 9, the third signal is a sinusoidal carrier signal. For example, if a time unit is a time slot, the third signal is not transmitted within the first portion of the time slot. Therefore, when backscattering, the first UE only backscatters the carrier portion carrying data or control information, naturally reserving the first portion within the first time unit.

[0167] For example, as shown in Figure 10, the network device sends a third signal to UE#1 and UE#2 in time slot #1. The propagation delays of the third signal to UE#1 and UE#2 are Tp1 and Tp2, respectively. A first portion exists in time slot #1. UE#1 and UE#2 backscatter the received third signal, which then arrives at the network device after passing through Tp1 and Tp2, respectively. On the network device side, the time at which the backscattered signals from UE#1 and UE#2 are received is aligned. The length of the first portion can be determined by referring to the above-mentioned case 1, case 2, or case 3.

[0168] 2. Regardless of whether the second time unit used by the third signal contains the first part

[0169] In other words, it is not required that the third signal be continuously transmitted within a time unit. By controlling the backscattering timing on the first UE side, the first portion is included in the time unit corresponding to the backscattering. Therefore, regardless of whether the third signal includes the first portion, the third signal can be backscattered in the first time unit that includes the first portion to achieve uplink synchronization.

[0170] In some embodiments, the first UE does not perform backscattering on the third signal in the first part, and performs backscattering on the third signal on all or part of the time domain resources except the first part in the first time unit.

[0171] In some embodiments, the first UE performs backscattering and first modulation in a first time unit. The first UE performs backscattering on the third signal using all or part of the time domain resources except the first part in the first time unit, performs first modulation in the first part, and outputs a first modulation symbol.

[0172] In some embodiments, the first modulation is On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation, and the first UE outputs OOK-OFF symbols in the first part.

[0173] In some embodiments, the first modulation is phase shift keying (PSK) modulation, and the first UE outputs 0 or -1 in the first part.

[0174] In some embodiments, the first modulation is binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation, and the first UE outputs -1 in the first part.

[0175] In some embodiments, the first modulation is frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation, and the carrier frequency output by the first UE in the first part is 0.

[0176] Figure 11 shows a block diagram of a transmission device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The device can be implemented as, or as part of, the aforementioned UE. The device includes a first transmitting module 1112 and / or a second transmitting module 1114. Optionally, the device also includes a receiving module 1130 and / or a processing module 1150.

[0177] The first sending module 1112 is configured to send a first signal in a first time unit.

[0178] The second sending module 1114 is configured to backscatter the first signal in the first time unit.

[0179] In some embodiments, the first signal carries data information or control information, the first time unit includes a first part, and the first signal uses part or all of the time domain resources in the first time unit except the first part.

[0180] In some embodiments, the first portion is located at the end of the first time unit.

[0181] In some embodiments, the first portion includes a guard time or an invalid portion.

[0182] In some embodiments, the first time unit is configured by the network device through first configuration information.

[0183] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes a receiving module 1130 for receiving the first configuration information.

[0184] In some embodiments, the first configuration information is used to configure the first time unit, or to configure part or all of the time domain resources in the first time unit except the first part.

[0185] In some embodiments, the length of the first portion is agreed upon by a communication protocol, configured by a network device, or determined by the apparatus.

[0186] In some embodiments, the length of the first part is related to at least one of the following: a first distance, the first distance refers to the distance between the device and the network equipment; the coverage radius of the service cell; a first parameter value, the first parameter value is used to indicate the length of the first part; a second parameter value, the second parameter value is used to indicate the timing advance; a measurement result of a second signal, the second signal comes from the network equipment.

[0187] In some embodiments, the length of the first part is proportional to the first distance; or, the length of the first part is proportional to the first delay value, and the first delay value is determined according to the quotient of the first distance and the signal propagation speed; or, the length of the first part is determined according to the coverage radius of the service cell; or, the length of the first part is determined according to the first parameter value; or, the length of the first part is determined according to the first parameter value and the second parameter value; or, the length of the first part is determined according to the first delay value and the second parameter value.

[0188] In some embodiments, the length of the first part is twice the first delay value; or, the length of the first part is determined based on the quotient of twice the coverage radius of the service cell and the signal propagation speed; or, the length of the first part is the first parameter value; or, the length of the first part is the difference between the first parameter value and the second parameter value; or, the length of the first part is the difference between twice the first delay value and the second parameter value.

[0189] In some embodiments, the length of the first part is determined according to a mapping relationship, which is a mapping relationship between the length of the first part and a first numerical value; wherein the first numerical value is any one of the following numerical values: the measurement result of the second signal, the first distance, the first delay value, and the path loss; the path loss is determined according to the measurement result of the second signal.

[0190] In some embodiments, the first distance is determined based on a measurement result of the second signal; and / or the first delay value is determined based on a measurement result of the second signal.

[0191] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a processing module 1150 configured to determine at least one of the following: the length of the first portion, the first distance, the coverage radius of the serving cell, and the path loss.

[0192] In some embodiments, the processing module 1150 is further configured to obtain a measurement result of the second signal.

[0193] In some embodiments, the processing module 1150 is configured to start a first timer upon receiving first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate the second parameter value.

[0194] In some embodiments, during the timing of a first timer, the length of the first part is 0; or, during the timeout of the first timer, the length of the first part is not 0; wherein the first timer is related to the second parameter value.

[0195] In some embodiments, the receiving module 1130 is configured to receive first indication information.

[0196] In some embodiments, the first signal is a backscattered signal of a third signal, and a second time unit used by the third signal includes the first portion.

[0197] In some embodiments, the first signal is a backscattered signal of a third signal, and a second time unit used by the third signal does not include the first portion.

[0198] In some embodiments, the second sending module 1114 is configured to backscatter the third signal in all or part of the time domain resources except the first part within the first time unit; and modulate the third signal in the first part into a low-level symbol.

[0199] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises at least one of the following devices: a zero-power device; a low-power device; an AMP device; an A-IOT device; a passive IoT device; or a STA.

[0200] In summary, the apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present application achieves effective uplink synchronization by setting the first portion within the first time unit to minimize interference caused by the first signal on the next time unit. Because this apparatus does not need to initiate a RAR to obtain a TA or receive a TA command to maintain the TA, it significantly saves power consumption and transmission resources, contributing to overall efficiency improvements in the communication system.

[0201] FIG12 shows a block diagram of a transmission device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The device can be implemented as, or part of, the aforementioned network device. The device includes a receiving module 1210. Optionally, the device also includes a sending module 1230 and / or a processing module 1250.

[0202] The receiving module 1210 is used to receive a first signal in a first time unit, where the first signal carries data information or control information, the first time unit includes a first part, and the first signal uses part or all of the time domain resources in the first time unit except the first part.

[0203] In some embodiments, the first portion is located at the end of the first time unit.

[0204] In some embodiments, the first portion includes a guard time or an invalid portion.

[0205] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes a sending module 1230 for sending first configuration information, where the first configuration information is used to configure the first time unit, or to configure part or all of the time domain resources in the first time unit except the first part.

[0206] In some embodiments, the length of the first part is agreed upon by a communication protocol, configured by the apparatus, or determined by the first terminal device.

[0207] In some embodiments, the length of the first part is related to at least one of the following: a first distance, the first distance refers to the distance between the first terminal device and the device; the coverage radius of the service cell; a first parameter value, the first parameter value is used to indicate the length of the first part; a second parameter value, the second parameter value is used to indicate the timing advance; a measurement result of a second signal, the second signal is sent by the device.

[0208] In some embodiments, the length of the first part is proportional to the first distance; or, the length of the first part is proportional to the first delay value, and the first delay value is determined according to the quotient of the first distance and the signal propagation speed; or, the length of the first part is determined according to the coverage radius of the service cell; or, the length of the first part is determined according to the first parameter value; or, the length of the first part is determined according to the first parameter value and the second parameter value; or, the length of the first part is determined according to the first delay value and the second parameter value.

[0209] In some embodiments, the length of the first part is twice the first delay value; or, the length of the first part is determined based on the quotient of twice the coverage radius of the service cell and the signal propagation speed; or, the length of the first part is the first parameter value; or, the length of the first part is the difference between the first parameter value and the second parameter value; or, the length of the first part is the difference between twice the first delay value and the second parameter value.

[0210] In some embodiments, the length of the first part is determined according to a mapping relationship, which is a mapping relationship between the length of the first part and a first numerical value; wherein the first numerical value is any one of the following numerical values: the measurement result of the second signal, the first distance, the first delay value, and the path loss; the path loss is determined according to the measurement result of the second signal.

[0211] In some embodiments, the first distance is determined based on a measurement result of the second signal; and / or the first delay value is determined based on a measurement result of the second signal.

[0212] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes a sending module 1230 configured to send the second signal.

[0213] In some embodiments, during the timing of a first timer, the length of the first part is 0; or, during the timeout of the first timer, the length of the first part is not 0; wherein the first timer is related to the second parameter value.

[0214] In some embodiments, the sending module 1230 is used to send first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate the second parameter value.

[0215] In some embodiments, the sending module 1230 is configured to send a third signal in a second time unit, and the first signal is a backscattered signal of the third signal.

[0216] In some embodiments, the second time unit includes the first part, and the third signal uses part or all of the time domain resources within the second time unit except the first part; or, the second time unit does not include the first part, and the third signal uses part or all of the time domain resources within the second time unit.

[0217] In some embodiments, the sending module 1230 is used to configure at least one of the following to the first terminal device: the length of the first part, the first configuration information, the first parameter value, the second parameter value, the mapping relationship between the length of the first part and the first numerical value, and the timing duration of the first timer.

[0218] In some embodiments, the first signal comes from a first terminal device, and the first terminal device includes at least one of the following devices: a zero-power device; a low-power device; an AMP device; an A-IOT device; a passive Internet of Things device; or a STA.

[0219] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes a processing module 1250 for processing steps such as detection, calculation, determination, processing, and configuration related to the first signal.

[0220] In summary, the apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present application achieves effective uplink synchronization by setting the first portion within the first time unit to minimize interference caused by the first signal on the next time unit. This apparatus eliminates the need to configure the TA through the RAR or frequently send TA commands to maintain the TA, significantly saving both power consumption and transmission resources, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the communication system.

[0221] Figure 13 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a network device 1300 provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application, which includes at least one of the following: a receiver 1301, a transmitter 1302, a processor 1303, a memory 1304, and a bus (not shown in the figure). The network device 1300 can be used to perform some or all of the steps performed by the above-mentioned network devices.

[0222] The receiver 1301 is used to implement a receiving function, and the transmitter 1302 is used to implement a sending function.

[0223] In some embodiments, receiver 1301 and transmitter 1302 may be implemented as a communication component, which may be a communication chip and referred to as a transceiver. In some embodiments, receiver 1301 may be used to implement the functions and steps of receiving module 1210 described above, and transmitter 1302 may be used to implement the functions and steps of transmitting module 1230 described above.

[0224] In some embodiments, receiver 1301 and transmitter 1302 may be implemented as a wireless communication component and / or a wired communication component. Optionally, the wireless communication component includes a wireless communication chip and / or a radio frequency antenna. Optionally, the wired communication component includes a wired communication chip and / or a wired interface.

[0225] The processor 1303 includes one or more processing cores, and the processor 1303 executes various functional applications and information processing by running software programs and modules. In some embodiments, the processor 1303 can be used to implement the functions and steps of the processing module 1250 described above.

[0226] The memory 1304 may be used to store a computer program executed by the processor 1303 , and the processor 1303 is used to execute the computer program to implement each step in the above method embodiment.

[0227] In some embodiments, the memory 1304 may be connected to the processor 1303 as well as the receiver 1301 and the transmitter 1302 .

[0228] In addition, the memory 1304 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof. Volatile or non-volatile storage devices include but are not limited to: magnetic disks or optical disks, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), static random access memory (SRAM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, and programmable read-only memory (PROM).

[0229] In some embodiments, the receiver 1301 receives signals / data independently, or the processor 1303 controls the receiver 1301 to receive signals / data, or the processor 1303 requests the receiver 1301 to receive signals / data, or the processor 1303 cooperates with the receiver 1301 to receive signals / data.

[0230] In some embodiments, the transmitter 1302 independently sends signals / data, or the processor 1303 controls the transmitter 1302 to send signals / data, or the processor 1303 requests the transmitter 1302 to send signals / data, or the processor 1303 cooperates with the transmitter 1302 to send signals / data.

[0231] For details not described in detail in this embodiment, please refer to the above embodiments and will not be described in detail here.

[0232] Figure 14 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal device 1400 provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application, including at least one of the following: a receiver 1410, a transmitter 1420, a processor 1430, a memory 1440, and a bus (not shown in the figure). The terminal device 1400 can be used to perform some or all of the steps performed by the UE above.

[0233] The receiver 1410 is used to implement a receiving function, and the transmitter 1420 is used to implement a sending function.

[0234] In some embodiments, receiver 1410 and transmitter 1420 may be implemented as a communication component, which may be a communication chip and may be referred to as a transceiver. For example, receiver 1410 and transmitter 1420 may be implemented as a wireless communication component. Optionally, the wireless communication component may include a wireless communication chip and / or a radio frequency antenna (not shown).

[0235] In some embodiments, the receiver 1410 is used to implement the functions and steps of the above-mentioned receiving module 1130.

[0236] In some embodiments, the receiver 1410 may be implemented as a first receiver 1413 and a second receiver 1415 .

[0237] In some embodiments, the first receiver 1413 and the second receiver 1415 are two independently operating receivers, that is, the receiver 1410 includes two independent first receivers 1413 and second receivers 1415. Alternatively, the receiver 1410 is implemented as a combined receiver of the first receiver 1413 and the second receiver 1415.

[0238] In some embodiments, the first receiver 1413 is implemented as a wake-up receiver (WUR), which can also be called a low power WUR (LP-WUR), an ultra-low power WUR, a low power receiver, an ultra-low power receiver, a zero power receiver, an auxiliary receiver, etc.

[0239] In some embodiments, the second receiver 1415 is implemented as a main receiver or a legacy receiver.

[0240] In some embodiments, transmitter 1420 may be used to implement the functions and steps of the first sending module 1112 and / or the second sending module 1114. Optionally, transmitter 1420 may be implemented as a first transmitter 1423 and / or a second transmitter 1425, wherein the first transmitter 1423 is used to implement the functions and steps of the second sending module 1114, and the second transmitter 1425 is used to implement the functions and steps of the first sending module 1112.

[0241] In some embodiments, the first transmitter 1423 and the second transmitter 1425 are two independently operating transmitters, that is, the transmitter 1420 includes two independent first transmitters 1423 and second transmitters 1425. Alternatively, the transmitter 1420 is implemented as a combined transmitter of the first transmitter 1423 and the second transmitter 1425.

[0242] In some embodiments, the first transmitter 1423 is implemented as a backscatter transmitter and the second transmitter 1425 is implemented as a main transmitter or a conventional transmitter.

[0243] In some embodiments, the processor 1430 and the receiver 1410 may be implemented as one module, or the processor 1430 may be implemented as a part of the receiver 1410 .

[0244] The processor 1430 includes one or more processing cores, and the processor 1430 executes various functional applications and information processing by running software programs and modules. In some embodiments, the processor 1430 can be used to implement the functions and steps of the processing module 1150 described above.

[0245] The memory 1440 may be used to store a computer program executed by the processor 1430 , and the processor 1430 is used to execute the computer program to implement each step in the above method embodiment.

[0246] In some embodiments, the memory 1440 may be connected to the processor 1430 as well as the receiver 1410 and the transmitter 1420 .

[0247] In addition, the memory 1440 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, including but not limited to: magnetic or optical disks, EEPROM, EPROM, SRAM, ROM, magnetic storage, flash memory, PROM.

[0248] In some embodiments, the receiver 1410 receives signals / data independently, or the processor 1430 controls the receiver 1410 to receive signals / data, or the processor 1430 requests the receiver 1410 to receive signals / data, or the processor 1430 cooperates with the receiver 1410 to receive signals / data.

[0249] In some embodiments, the transmitter 1420 independently sends signals / data, or the processor 1430 controls the transmitter 1420 to send signals / data, or the processor 1430 requests the transmitter 1420 to send signals / data, or the processor 1430 cooperates with the transmitter 1420 to send signals / data.

[0250] In some embodiments, the processor 1430 and the receiver 1410 may be implemented as one module, or the processor 1430 may be implemented as a part of the receiver 1410 .

[0251] In some embodiments, the processor 1430 and the transmitter 1420 may be implemented as one module, or the processor 1430 may be implemented as a part of the transmitter 1420 .

[0252] For details not described in detail in this embodiment, please refer to the above embodiments and will not be described in detail here.

[0253] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, a chip is further provided, which includes a programmable logic circuit and / or program instructions. When the chip runs on a communication device, it is used to implement the transmission methods provided by the above-mentioned various method embodiments.

[0254] In some embodiments, the chip includes a first sending module 1112 and / or a second sending module 1114. Optionally, the chip also includes a receiving module 1130 and / or a processing module 1150. The relevant contents can be referred to above and will not be repeated here.

[0255] In some embodiments, the chip includes a receiving module 1210. Optionally, the chip also includes a sending module 1230 and / or a processing module 1250. For related content, please refer to the above description and will not be repeated here.

[0256] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, a computer-readable storage medium is further provided, in which at least one program is stored. The at least one program is loaded and executed by the processor to implement the transmission method provided by the above-mentioned various method embodiments.

[0257] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, a computer program product is further provided. When the computer program product is executed on a processor of a computer device, the computer device is enabled to execute the above-mentioned transmission method.

[0258] In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, a computer program is further provided. The computer program includes computer instructions. A processor of a computer device executes the computer instructions, so that the computer device executes the above-mentioned transmission method.

[0259] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps to implement the above embodiments may be accomplished by hardware, or may be accomplished by a program instructing the relevant hardware, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the above-mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk, etc.

[0260] The above are only optional embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A transmission method, characterized in that, The method is executed by a first terminal device, and the method includes: Transmitting or backscattering a first signal in a first time unit, where the first signal carries data information or control information, the first time unit includes a first part, and the first signal uses part or all of the time domain resources in the first time unit except the first part.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first part is located at the end of the first time unit.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first part includes a guard time GT or an invalid part.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The first time unit is configured by a network device through first configuration information; where the first configuration information is used to configure the first time unit, or is used to configure part or all of the time domain resources in the first time unit except the first part.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The length of the first part is agreed upon by a communication protocol, or configured by the network device, or determined by the first terminal device.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The length of the first part is related to at least one of the following: A first distance, where the first distance refers to the distance between the first terminal device and the network device; The coverage radius of the serving cell; A first parameter value, where the first parameter value is used to indicate the length of the first part; A second parameter value, where the second parameter value is used to indicate a timing advance; The measurement result of a second signal, where the second signal comes from the network device.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The length of the first part is directly proportional to the first distance; or, The length of the first part is directly proportional to a first delay value, where the first delay value is determined according to the quotient of the first distance and the signal propagation speed; or, The length of the first part is determined according to the coverage radius of the serving cell; or, The length of the first part is determined according to the first parameter value; or, The length of the first part is determined according to the first parameter value and the second parameter value; or, The length of the first part is determined according to the first delay value and the second parameter value.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein: The length of the first part is twice the first delay value; or, The length of the first part is determined according to the quotient of twice the coverage radius of the serving cell and the signal propagation speed; or, The length of the first part is the first parameter value; or, The length of the first part is the difference between the first parameter value and the second parameter value; or, The length of the first part is the difference between twice the first delay value and the second parameter value.

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein The length of the first part is determined according to a mapping relationship, where the mapping relationship is a mapping relationship between the length of the first part and a first numerical value; where the first numerical value is any one of the following numerical values: the measurement result of the second signal, the first distance, the first delay value, the path loss; the path loss is determined according to the measurement result of the second signal.

10. The method according to claim 7 or 8 or 9, characterized in that, The first distance is determined according to the measurement result of the second signal; and / or, the first delay value is determined according to the measurement result of the second signal.

11. The method according to claim 6, wherein During the timing of the first timer, the length of the first part is 0; or, during the timeout of the first timer, the length of the first part is not 0; Wherein, the first timer is related to the second parameter value.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein The method further includes: Starting the first timer when receiving first indication information for indicating the second parameter value.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that The first signal is the backscattered signal of a third signal, and the second time unit used by the third signal includes the first part.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that The first signal is the backscattered signal of a third signal, and the second time unit used by the third signal does not include the first part.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein The method further includes: Backscattering the third signal in all or part of the time domain resources other than the first part within the first time unit; Modulating the third signal within the first part into a low-level symbol.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, The first terminal device includes at least one of the following devices: zero-power device; low-power device; ambient energy AMP device; ambient energy Internet of Things A-IOT device; passive Internet of Things device; station STA.

17. A transmission method, characterized in that, The method is executed by a network device, and the method includes: Receiving a first signal in a first time unit, where the first signal carries data information or control information, the first time unit includes a first part, and the first signal uses part or all of the time domain resources other than the first part within the first time unit.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein The first part is located at the end of the first time unit.

19. The method according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that, The first part includes guard time GT or an invalid part.

20. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that, The method further includes: Sending first configuration information for configuring the first time unit, or for configuring part or all of the time domain resources other than the first part in the first time unit.

21. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that, The length of the first part is agreed upon by a communication protocol, or configured by the network device, or determined by the first terminal device.

22. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that, The length of the first part is related to at least one of the following: A first distance, which refers to the distance between the first terminal device and the network device; The coverage radius of the serving cell; A first parameter value for indicating the length of the first part; A second parameter value for indicating timing advance; The measurement result of a second signal sent by the network device.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein The length of the first part is directly proportional to the first distance; or, The length of the first part is directly proportional to a first delay value determined according to the quotient of the first distance and the signal propagation speed; or, The length of the first part is determined according to the coverage radius of the serving cell; or, The length of the first part is determined according to the first parameter value; or, The length of the first part is determined according to the first parameter value and the second parameter value; or, The length of the first part is determined according to the first delay value and the second parameter value.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein The length of the first part is twice the value of the first time delay; or, The length of the first part is determined according to the quotient of twice the coverage radius of the serving cell and the signal propagation speed; or, The length of the first part is the value of the first parameter; or, The length of the first part is the difference between the value of the first parameter and the value of the second parameter; or, The length of the first part is the difference between twice the value of the first time delay and the value of the second parameter.

25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that, The length of the first part is determined according to a mapping relationship, where the mapping relationship is the mapping relationship between the length of the first part and a first value; wherein, the first value is any one of the following values: the measurement result of the second signal, the first distance, the first time delay value, the path loss; the path loss is determined according to the measurement result of the second signal.

26. The method according to claim 23 or 24 or 25, characterized in that The first distance is determined according to the measurement result of the second signal; and / or, the first time delay value is determined according to the measurement result of the second signal.

27. The method according to claim 22, wherein During the timing period of the first timer, the length of the first part is 0; or, during the timeout period of the first timer, the length of the first part is not 0; Wherein, the first timer is related to the value of the second parameter.

28. The method according to claim 27, wherein The method further includes: Sending first indication information for indicating the value of the second parameter.

29. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 28, characterized in that, The method further includes: Sending a third signal in a second time unit, where the first signal is the backscattered signal of the third signal.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein The second time unit includes the first part, and the third signal uses part or all of the time domain resources in the second time unit except the first part; or, The second time unit does not include the first part, and the third signal uses part or all of the time domain resources in the second time unit.

31. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 30, characterized in that, The first signal comes from a first terminal device, and the first terminal device includes at least one of the following devices: a zero-power device; a low-power device; an ambient energy AMP device; an ambient energy Internet of Things A-IOT device; a passive Internet of Things device; a station STA.

32. A transmission device, characterized in that, The apparatus includes: A transmitting module, configured to transmit or backscatter a first signal in a first time unit, where the first signal carries data information or control information, the first time unit includes a first part, and the first signal uses part or all of the time domain resources in the first time unit except the first part.

33. A transmission device, characterized in that, The apparatus includes: A receiving module, configured to receive a first signal in a first time unit, where the first signal carries data information or control information, the first time unit includes a first part, and the first signal uses part or all of the time domain resources in the first time unit except the first part.

34. A terminal device, characterized in that, The terminal device includes: a transmitter and / or a backscatter transmitter; the terminal device is configured to implement the transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

35. A network device, characterized in that, The communication device includes: a processor; a receiver and / or a transmitter connected to the processor; a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor; Among them, the network device is used to implement the transmission method described in any one of claims 17 to 31.

36. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The readable storage medium stores executable instructions, and the executable instructions are loaded and executed by a processor to implement the transmission method described in any one of claims 1 to 16 or any one of claims 17 to 31.

37. A chip, characterized in that, The chip includes programmable logic circuits or programs, and the chip is used to implement the transmission method described in any one of claims 1 to 16 or any one of claims 17 to 31.

38. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes computer instructions, the computer instructions are stored in a computer-readable storage medium, a processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer instructions, so that the computer device executes the transmission method described in any one of claims 1 to 16 or any one of claims 17 to 31.

39. A computer program, characterized in that, The computer program includes computer instructions, and a processor of a computer device executes the computer instructions, so that the computer device executes the transmission method described in any one of claims 1 to 16 or any one of claims 17 to 31.

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