Methods for determining polymeric scale inhibitor concentrations in produced waters
Centrifugal ultrafiltration effectively concentrates polymeric scale inhibitors in produced waters by separating them from salts, addressing the challenge of high salinity interference and improving detection accuracy.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/072935
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing analytical methods struggle to accurately determine low concentrations of polymeric scale inhibitors in produced waters due to high salinity levels, leading to skewed results and reduced sensitivity.
Centrifugal ultrafiltration is employed to separate polymeric scale inhibitors from salts in produced water using a semi-permeable membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 3,000 Da to 5,000 Da, concentrating the inhibitors and reducing the detection limit.
The method enhances the accuracy and sensitivity of determining polymeric scale inhibitor concentrations by increasing their concentration in the retentate while decreasing salt concentration, allowing for precise quantification.
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Figure CN2024072935_24072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS FOR DETERMINING POLYMERIC SCALE INHIBITOR CONCENTRATIONS IN PRODUCED WATERS
[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to polymeric scale inhibitors used in hydrocarbon production and, more particularly, to methods for determining the concentrations of polymeric scale inhibitors in produced waters.
[0003] BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0004] Polymeric scale inhibitors are extensively utilized in the oil industry to counteract various scales encountered during oil production. During the squeeze treatment process, a solution comprising the scale inhibitor is injected into the subterranean formation. The inhibitor is subsequently adsorbed or precipitated onto the formation rocks and is then progressively released back into the formation alongside the production of water with high salinity content. Initially, the concentration of the scale inhibitor is pronounced but diminishes quickly within the initial days post-well startup production. Subsequently, the decline in scale inhibitor concentration decelerates, maintaining a relatively constant level for an extended duration. For effective scale prevention, the concentration of the re-emerging scale inhibitor must exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration. Consequently, for uninterrupted oil production, the precise quantification of the scale inhibitor concentration in the produced water becomes a crucial step in assessing the efficacy of scale mitigation.
[0005] Typically, the minimum inhibitory concentration of an efficacious polymeric scale inhibitor in produced water is below about 20 ppm, and may be as minimal as about 1 ppm. Analytical techniques aimed at determining the concentration of scale inhibitors in produced water should thus be capable of detection concentrations as low as 1 ppm. Achieving such a low detection threshold proves challenging. A further complexity arises due to the elevated salinity levels of the produced water. The majority of high-sensitivity analytical methods are designed for waters with lower salinity levels. Elevated salinity levels can significantly disrupt these analytical methods, leading to skewed results, reduced sensitivity, or rendering the methods entirely unusable. Therefore, to obtain a highly sensitive and accurate result, a preliminary treatment of the produced water is requisite.
[0006] SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0007] Various details of the present disclosure are hereinafter summarized to provide a basic understanding. This summary is not an extensive overview of the disclosure and is neither intended to identify certain elements of the disclosure, nor to delineate the scope thereof. Rather, the primary purpose of this summary is to present some concepts of the disclosure in a simplified form prior to the more detailed description that is presented hereinafter.
[0008] According to an embodiment consistent with the present disclosure, methods include: obtaining a produced water from a subterranean formation, the produced water comprising a salt and a polymeric scale inhibitor; subjecting the produced water to centrifugal ultrafiltration to obtain a retentate; and determining a concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate; wherein the concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate is higher than in the produced water and a concentration of the salt in the retentate is lower than in the produced water.
[0009] In another embodiment, methods include: obtaining a produced water from a subterranean formation, the produced water comprising a salt and a polymeric scale inhibitor having a molecular weight of about 10,000 Da to about 4,000,000 Da; wherein a concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the produced water is about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm; subjecting the produced water to centrifugal ultrafiltration by a semi-permeable membrane having a cut-off of about 3,000 Da to about 5,000 Da to obtain a retentate; wherein a centrifugation speed is about 5,000 g to about 8,000 g and a centrifugation time is about 40 min to about 60 min; and determining a concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate; wherein the concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate is higher than in the produced water and a concentration of the salt in the retentate is lower than in the produced water.
[0010] Any combinations of the various embodiments and implementations disclosed herein can be used in a further embodiment, consistent with the disclosure. These and other aspects and features can be appreciated from the following description of certain embodiments presented herein in accordance with the disclosure and the accompanying drawings and claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] FIG. 1 is a calibration curve used to determine the concentration of a polymeric scale inhibitor in a brine.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0012] Embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure generally relate to polymeric scale inhibitors used in hydrocarbon production and, more particularly, to determining the concentrations of polymeric scale inhibitors in produced waters. As previously noted, for continuous oil production, accurately determining the concentration of the scale inhibitor in the produced water is pivotal in evaluating the effectiveness of scale mitigation. However, obtaining a low detection threshold is challenging, given the low concentration of the scale inhibitor and the heightened salinity of the produced water. The present disclosure addresses these challenges by introducing methods for determining the concentrations of polymeric scale inhibitors in produced waters, even at low levels. This is achieved using centrifugal ultrafiltration, which facilitates the removal of salts from the produced water and concurrently concentrates the polymeric scale inhibitor.
[0013] During centrifugal ultrafiltration, under centrifugal force, both salt and water permeate through a semi-permeable membrane, while the polymeric scale inhibitor remains impermeable. As a result of the diminished water volume, the concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the produced water increases, thereby reducing the detection limit demands of analytical techniques. Specifically, the methods delineated herein utilize a semi-permeable membrane having a molecular weight cut-off of about 3,000 Da to about 5,000 Da. When the molecular weight of the polymeric scale inhibitor exceeds this cut-off, salts and a portion of the water will permeate through the membrane under centrifugal force, leaving the polymer scale inhibitor intact. This process effectively desalinates the produced water. Concurrently, the reduction of water content amplifies the concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor, yielding a concentration fluid. Following the centrifugal ultrafiltration process, various analytical techniques may be employed to determine the concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor with heightened accuracy and sensitivity.
[0014] In an embodiment, methods for determining polymeric scale inhibitor concentrations in produced waters may comprise obtaining a produced water from a subterranean formation, the produced water comprising a salt and a polymeric scale inhibitor; subjecting the produced water to centrifugal ultrafiltration to obtain a retentate; and determining a concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate; wherein the concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate is higher than in the produced water and a concentration of the salt in the retentate is lower than in the produced water.
[0015] In another embodiment, methods for determining polymeric scale inhibitor concentrations in produced waters may comprise obtaining a produced water from a subterranean formation, the produced water comprising a salt and a polymeric scale inhibitor having a molecular weight of about 10,000 Da to about 4,000,000 Da; wherein a concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the produced water is about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm; subjecting the produced water to centrifugal ultrafiltration by a semi-permeable membrane having a cut-off of about 3,000 Da to about 5,000 Da to obtain a retentate; wherein the centrifugation speed is about 5,000 g to about 8,000 g and the centrifugation time is about 40 min to about 60 min; and determining a concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate; wherein the concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate is higher than in the produced water and a concentration of dissolved solids in the retentate is lower than in the produced water.
[0016] The produced waters of the present disclosure may contain a high concentration of dissolved solids (e g , salts) . For example, the produced water may have a salt concentration of about 50,000 ppm to about 250,000 ppm, or about 50,000 ppm to about 200,000 ppm, or about 50,000 ppm to about 100,000 ppm, or about 100,000 ppm to about 250,000 ppm, or about 100,000 ppm to about 200,000 ppm, or about 200,000 ppm to about 250,000 ppm.
[0017] The dissolved solids may be in the form of dissolved cations and / or anions of various minerals. The metal ions in the produced water may, for example, comprise a sodium ion, a calcium ion, a magnesium ion, a potassium ion, or a combination thereof. Sodium ions may account for a majority of the total dissolved solids in the produced water. For example, a concentration of sodium ions in the produced water may be about 10,000 ppm to about 100,000 ppm, or about 10,000 ppm to about 80,000 ppm, or about 10,000 ppm to about 60,000 ppm, or about 10,000 ppm to about 40,000 ppm, or about 10,000 ppm to about 20,000 ppm, or about 20,000 ppm to about 100,000 ppm, or about 20,000 ppm to about 80,000 ppm, or about 20,000 ppm to about 60,000 ppm, or about 20,000 ppm to about 40,000 ppm, or about 40,000 ppm to about 100,000 ppm, or about 40,000 ppm to about 80,000 ppm, or about 40,000 ppm to about 60,000 ppm, or about 60,000 ppm to about 100,000 ppm, or about 60,000 ppm to about 80,000 ppm, or about 80,000 ppm to about 100,000 ppm.
[0018] Furthermore, the metal ions in the produced water may comprise at least one or more divalent metal ions, such as calcium ions, magnesium ions, barium ions, or any combination thereof. A concentration of calcium ions in the produced water may, for example, be about 1,000 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, or about 1,000 ppm to about 8,000 ppm, or about 1,000 ppm to about 6,000 ppm, or about 1,000 ppm to about 4,000 ppm, or about 1,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 2,000 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, or about 2,000 ppm to about 8,000 ppm, or about 2,000 ppm to about 6,000 ppm, or about 2,000 ppm to about 4,000 ppm, or about 4,000 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, or about 4,000 ppm to about 8,000 ppm, or about 4,000 ppm to about 6,000 ppm, or about 6,000 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, or about 6,000 ppm to about 8,000 ppm, or about 8,000 ppm to about 10,000 ppm.
[0019] A concentration of magnesium ions in the produced water may, for example, be about 100 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 800 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 600 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, or about 200 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, or about 200 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, or about 200 ppm to about 800 ppm, or about 200 ppm to about 600 ppm, or about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm, or about 400 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, or about 400 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, or about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, or about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, or about 600 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, or about 600 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, or about 600 ppm to about 800 ppm, or about 800 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, or about 800 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, or about 1,000 ppm to about 5,000 ppm.
[0020] A concentration of potassium ions in the produced water may, for example, be about 100 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 800 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 600 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, or about 200 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, or about 200 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, or about 200 ppm to about 800 ppm, or about 200 ppm to about 600 ppm, or about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm, or about 400 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, or about 400 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, or about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, or about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, or about 600 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, or about 600 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, or about 600 ppm to about 800 ppm, or about 800 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, or about 800 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, or about 1,000 ppm to about 5,000 ppm.
[0021] In addition to these cations, the produced water may further comprise anions such as a chloride anion, a bicarbonate anion, a sulfate anion, or any combination thereof. For example, the produced water may have a concentration of chloride anions of about 10,000 ppm to about 100,000 ppm, or about 10,000 ppm to about 80,000 ppm, or about 10,000 ppm to about 60,000 ppm, or about 10,000 ppm to about 40,000 ppm, or about 10,000 ppm to about 20,000 ppm, or about 20,000 ppm to about 100,000 ppm, or about 20,000 ppm to about 80,000 ppm, or about 20,000 ppm to about 60,000 ppm, or about 20,000 ppm to about 40,000 ppm, or about 40,000 ppm to about 100,000 ppm, or about 40,000 ppm to about 80,000 ppm, or about 40,000 ppm to about 60,000 ppm, or about 60,000 ppm to about 100,000 ppm, or about 60,000 ppm to about 80,000 ppm, or about 80,000 ppm to about 100,000 ppm.
[0022] A concentration of bicarbonate anions in the produced water may, for example, be about 10 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 800 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 600 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 200 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 800 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 600 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, or about 200 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, or about 200 ppm to about 800 ppm, or about 200 ppm to about 600 ppm, or about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm, or about 400 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, or about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, or about 400 ppm, to about 600 ppm, or about 600 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, or about 600 ppm to about 800 ppm, or about 800 ppm to about 1,000 ppm.
[0023] A concentration of sulfate anions in the produced water may, for example, be about 100 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 8,000 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 6,000 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 4,000 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, or about 1,000 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, or about 1,000 ppm to about 8,000 ppm, or about 1,000 ppm to about 6,000 ppm, or about 1,000 ppm to about 4,000 ppm, or about 1,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 2,000 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, or about 2,000 ppm to about 8,000 ppm, or about 2,000 ppm to about 6,000 ppm, or about 2,000 ppm to about 4,000 ppm, or about 4,000 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, or about 4,000 ppm to about 8,000 ppm, or about 4,000 ppm to about 6,000 ppm, or about 6,000 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, or about 6,000 ppm to about 8,000 ppm, or about 8,000 ppm to about 10,000 ppm.
[0024] Polymeric scale inhibitors suitable for the methods of the present disclosure may have a molecular weight high enough to be separated by a semi-permeable membrane in centrifugal ultrafiltration. For example, the polymeric scale inhibitor may have a molecular weight of about 10,000 Da to about 4,000,000 Da, or about 10,000 Da to about 1,000,000 Da, or about 10,000 Da to about 500,000 Da, or about 10,000 Da to about 100,000 Da, or about 100,000 Da to about 4,000,000 Da, or about 100,000 Da to about 1,000,000 Da, or about 100,000 Da to about 500,000 Da, or about 500,000 Da to about 4,000,000 Da, or about 500,000 Da to about 1,000,000 Da, or about 1,000,000 Da to about 4,000,000 Da. Examples of polymeric scale inhibitors may include polymers based on polyacrylate or polymaleic functional groups such as polyacrylate or polymaleic acid homopolymers, their sulfonated forms, other co- or multi-polymers based on these function groups, or any combination thereof.
[0025] The polymeric scale inhibitor may have a concentration in the produced water that, when in combination with the high salinity of the produced water, may be difficult to determine using conventional detection methods. For example, the concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the produced water may be about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, or about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm, or about 1 ppm to about 15 ppm, or about 1 ppm to about 15 ppm, or about 1 ppm to about 10 ppm, or about 1 ppm to about 5 ppm, or about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, or about 5 ppm to about 20 ppm, or about 5 ppm to about 15 ppm, or about 5 ppm to about 10 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 20 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 15 ppm, or about 15 ppm to about 25 ppm, or about 15 ppm to about 20 ppm, or about 20 ppm to about 25 ppm.
[0026] As used herein, “centrifugal ultrafiltration” is defined as a separation process whereby substances in a solution are separated by molecular weight by forcing the solution to flow through a semi-permeable membrane by the application of an outward force, such as by a centrifuge. Ultrafiltration by centrifugal filters may be used to separate high molecular weight substances, such as polymeric scale inhibitors, for the purpose of concentration, desalting, or purification. These devices may be commonly used in centrifugal-separator instruments, which may consist of a fixed-angle-rotor configuration or a swing- or variable-angle-rotor configuration. Suitable filter membranes may be semi-permeable membranes including, but not limited to, microporous and ultraporous membranes, the latter being useful for ultrafiltration. Regenerated cellulose ultrafiltration membranes may be well-suited for concentrating and desalting dilute sample liquids, such as the polymeric scale inhibitor found in the produced water. The use of a hydrophilic membrane having a “tight” microstructure may promote good retention with low adsorption of the polymeric scale inhibitor.
[0027] To desalt and concentrate the polymeric scale inhibitor, the produced water may be treated by centrifugal ultrafiltration with a semi-permeable membrane having a molecular weight cut-off lower than the molecular weight of the polymeric scale inhibitor. For example, the membrane may have a molecular weight cut-off of about 3,000 Da to about 5,000 Da, or about 3,000 Da to about 4,500 Da, or about 3,000 Da to about 4,000 Da, or about 3,000 Da to about 3,500 Da, or about 3,500 Da to about 5,000 Da, or about 3,500 Da to about 4,500 Da, or about 3,500 Da to about 4,000 Da, or about 4,000 Da to about 5,000 Da, or about 4,000 Da to about 4,500 Da, or about 4,500 Da to about 5,000 Da.
[0028] The centrifugation may be at a speed and for a length of time sufficient to desalt and concentrate the polymeric scale inhibitor. For example, the centrifugation speed may be about 5,000 g to about 8,000 g, or about 5,000 g to about 7,000 g, or about 5,000 g to about 6,000 g, or about 6,000 g to about 8,000 g, or about 6,000 g to about 7,000 g, or about 7,000 g to about 8,000 g. The centrifugation time may, for example, be about 40 min to about 60 min, or about 40 min to about 55 min, or about 40 min to about 50 min, or about 40 min to about 45 min, or about 45 min to about 60 min, or about 45 min to about 55 min, or about 45 min to about 50 min, or about 50 min to about 60 min, or about 50 min to about 55 min, or about 55 min to about 60 min.
[0029] To enhance the separation of the polymeric scale inhibitor from the other components of the produced water, the centrifugal ultrafiltration may be optionally repeated at least once. For example, after the produced water is treated with centrifugal ultrafiltration a first time, the retentate may be diluted with fresh water and ultrafiltered a second time. This repetition of ultrafiltration by centrifugation may be performed more than once, especially for extremely high salinity-produced waters or low polymeric scale inhibitor concentrations.
[0030] Following the centrifugal ultrafiltration, the retentate may have a higher concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor that was initially present in the produced water. Similarly, the retentate may have a lower concentration of the salt than in the produced water. The concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate may be determined by any suitable method including, but not limited to, the turbidimetric method, nitrogen digestion method, inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry, the like, and any combination thereof. Furthermore, the retentate concentration may be used to determine the initial concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the produced water.
[0031] Embodiments disclosed herein include:
[0032] A. A method for determining polymeric scale inhibitor concentrations in produced waters including: obtaining a produced water from a subterranean formation, the produced water comprising a salt and a polymeric scale inhibitor; subjecting the produced water to centrifugal ultrafiltration to obtain a retentate; and determining a concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate; wherein the concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate is higher than in the produced water and a concentration of the salt in the retentate is lower than in the produced water.
[0033] B. A method for determining polymeric scale inhibitor concentrations in produced waters including: obtaining a produced water from a subterranean formation, the produced water comprising a salt and a polymeric scale inhibitor having a molecular weight of about 10,000 Da to about 4,000,000 Da; wherein a concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the produced water is about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm; subjecting the produced water to centrifugal ultrafiltration by a semi-permeable membrane having a cut-off of about 3,000 Da to about 5,000 Da to obtain a retentate; wherein a centrifugation speed is about 5,000 g to about 8,000 g and a centrifugation time is about 40 min to about 60 min; and determining a concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate; wherein the concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate is higher than in the produced water and a concentration of the salt in the retentate is lower than in the produced water.
[0034] Each of embodiments A and B may have one or more of the following additional elements in any combination:
[0035] Element 1: the method further comprising repeating the step of subjecting the produced water to centrifugal ultrafiltration at least once.
[0036] Element 2: wherein a concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the produced water is about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm.
[0037] Element 3: wherein the polymeric scale inhibitor has a molecular weight of about 10,000 Da to about 4,000,000 Da.
[0038] Element 4: wherein a concentration of the salt in the produced water is about 50,000 ppm to about 250,000 ppm.
[0039] Element 5: wherein a semi-permeable membrane used for centrifugal ultrafiltration has a cut-off of about 3,000 Da to about 5,000 Da.
[0040] Element 6: wherein a centrifugation speed is about 5,000 g to about 8,000 g.
[0041] Element 7: wherein a centrifugation time is about 40 min to about 60 min.
[0042] Element 8: wherein the concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate is determined by a turbidimetric method, nitrogen digestion method, inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry, or any combination thereof.
[0043] Element 9: wherein the salt comprises ions of sulfate, chloride, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, or any combination thereof.
[0044] By way of non-limiting example, exemplary element combinations applicable to A and B include: 1 with 2; 1 with 3; 1 with 4; 1 with 5; 1 with 6; 1 with 7; 1 with 8; 1 with 9; 2 with 3; 2 with 4; 2 with 5; 2 with 6; 2 with 7; 2 with 8; 2 with 9; 3 with 4; 3 with 5; 3 with 6; 3 with 7; 3 with 8; 3 with 9; 4 with 5; 4 with 6; 4 with 7; 4 with 8; 4 with 9; 5 with 6; 5 with 7; 5 with 8; 5 with 9; 6 with 7; 6 with 8; 6 with 9; 7 with 8; 7 with 9; 8 with 9; 1 with 2 and 3; 2 with 3 and 4; 3 with 4 and 5; 4 with 5 and 6; 5 with 6 and 7; 6 with 7 and 8; 7 with 8 and 9; and 1 with 2-4.
[0045] The present disclosure is further directed to the following non-limiting causes: Clause 1. A method comprising:
[0046] obtaining a produced water from a subterranean formation, the produced water comprising a salt and a polymeric inhibitor;
[0047] subjecting the produced water to centrifugal ultrafiltration to obtain a retentate; and
[0048] determining a concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate;
[0049] wherein the concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate is higher than in the produced water and a concentration of the salt in the retentate is lower than in the produced water.
[0050] Clause 2. The method of clause 1, further comprising repeating the step of subjecting the produced water to centrifugal ultrafiltration at least once.
[0051] Clause 3. The method of clause 1 or clause 2, wherein a concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the produced water is about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm.
[0052] Clause 4. The method of any one of clauses 1-3, wherein the polymeric scale inhibitor has a molecular weight of about 10,000 Da to about 4,000,000 Da.
[0053] Clause 5. The method of any one of clauses 1-4, wherein a concentration of the salt in the produced water is about 50,000 ppm to about 250,000 ppm.
[0054] Clause 6. The method of any one of clauses 1-5, wherein a semi-permeable membrane used for centrifugal ultrafiltration has a cut-off of about 3,000 Da to about 5,000 Da.
[0055] Clause 7. The method of any one of clauses 1-6, wherein a centrifugation speed is about 5,000 g to about 8,000 g.
[0056] Clause 8. The method of any one of clauses 1-7, wherein a centrifugation time is about 40 min to about 60 min.
[0057] Clause 9. The method of any one of clauses 1-8, wherein the concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate is determined by a turbidimetric method, nitrogen digestion method, inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry, or any combination thereof.
[0058] Clause 10. The method of any one of clauses 1-9, wherein the salt comprises ions of sulfate, chloride, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, or any combination thereof.
[0059] Clause 11. A method comprising:
[0060] obtaining a produced water from a subterranean formation, the produced water comprising a salt and a polymeric scale inhibitor having a molecular weight of about 10,000 Da to about 4,000,000 Da;
[0061] wherein a concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the produced water is about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm;
[0062] subjecting the produced water to centrifugal ultrafiltration by a semi-permeable membrane having cut-off of about 3,000 Da to about 5,000 Da to obtain a retentate;
[0063] wherein a centrifugation speed is about 5,000 g to about 8,000 g and a centrifugation time is about 40 min to about 60 min; and
[0064] determining a concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate;
[0065] wherein the concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate is higher than in the produced water and a concentration of the salt in the retentate is lower than in the produced water.
[0066] Clause 12. The method of clause 11, further comprising repeating the step of subjecting the produced water to centrifugal ultrafiltration at least once.
[0067] Clause 13. The method of clause 11 or clause 12, wherein a concentration of the salt in the produced water is about 50,000 ppm to about 250,000 ppm.
[0068] Clause 14. The method of any one of clauses 11-13, wherein the concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate is determined by a turbidimetric method, nitrogen digestion method, inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry, or any combination thereof.
[0069] Clause 15. The method of any one of clauses 11-14, wherein the salt comprises ions of sulfate, chloride, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, or any combination thereof.
[0070] Examples
[0071] A polymeric scale inhibitor with a molecular weight of about 2,000,000 Da was diluted to 10 ppm in a brine consisting of 31.2 g / L NaCl, 42.6 g / L CaCl2·2H2O, and 13.9 g / L MgCl2·6H2O to simulate a produced water composition. 4 mL of the simulated produced water was added to a 3,000 Da molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) centrifugal filter unit and centrifuged for 50 min at 5,000 g. After the first centrifugation, the retentate was diluted by an additional 2 mL of water and re-centrifuged for another 50 min at 5,000 g. The remaining retentate was diluted with water to obtain 2 mL of retentate. The retentate was analyzed by the hyamine turbidimetric method and A500 nm was determined to be 0.832. FIG. 1 shows a calibration curve of various concentrations of the polymeric scale inhibitor diluted in water prepared by the hyamine turbidimetric method at A500 nm. From the calibration curve, the concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate was determined to be 24 ppm. Because the retentate was twice concentrated, the calculated concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the simulated produced water was 12 ppm.
[0072] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, for example, the singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “contains, ” “containing, ” “includes, ” “including, ” “comprises, ” and / or “comprising, ” and variations thereof, when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.
[0073] Terms of orientation used herein are merely for purposes of convention and referencing and are not to be construed as limiting. However, it is recognized these terms could be used with reference to an operator or user. Accordingly, no limitations are implied or to be inferred. In addition, the use of ordinal numbers (e g , first, second, third, etc.) is for distinction and not counting. For example, the use of “third” does not imply there must be a corresponding “first” or “second.” Also, if used herein, the terms “coupled” or “coupled to” or “connected” or “connected to” or “attached” or “attached to” may indicate establishing either a direct or indirect connection, and is not limited to either unless expressly referenced as such.
[0074] While the disclosure has described several exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes can be made, and equivalents can be substituted for elements thereof, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications will be appreciated by those skilled in the art to adapt a particular instrument, situation, or material to embodiments of the disclosure without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, or to the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, reference in the appended claims to an apparatus or system or a component of an apparatus or system being adapted to, arranged to, capable of, configured to, enabled to, operable to, or operative to perform a particular function encompasses that apparatus, system, or component, whether or not it or that particular function is activated, turned on, or unlocked, as long as that apparatus, system, or component is so adapted, arranged, capable, configured, enabled, operable, or operative.
[0075] While the present disclosure has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate that other embodiments may be devised which do not depart from the scope of the disclosure as described herein. Accordingly, the scope of the disclosure should be limited only by the attached claims.
[0076] All documents described herein are incorporated by reference herein for purposes of all jurisdictions where such practice is allowed, including any priority documents and / or testing procedures to the extent they are not inconsistent with this text. As is apparent from the foregoing general description and the specific embodiments, while forms of the disclosure have been illustrated and described, various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, it is not intended that the disclosure be limited thereby. For example, the compositions described herein may be free of any component, or composition not expressly recited or disclosed herein. Any method may lack any step not recited or disclosed herein. Likewise, the term “comprising” is considered synonymous with the term “including.” Whenever a method, composition, element or group of elements is preceded with the transitional phrase “comprising, ” it is understood that we also contemplate the same composition or group of elements with transitional phrases “consisting essentially of, ” “consisting of, ” “selected from the group of consisting of, ” or “is” preceding the recitation of the composition, element, or elements and vice versa.
[0077] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as molecular weight, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the present specification and associated claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about.” Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by one or more embodiments described herein. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claim, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.
Claims
1.A method comprising:obtaining a produced water from a subterranean formation, the produced water comprising a salt and a polymeric scale inhibitor;subjecting the produced water to centrifugal ultrafiltration to obtain a retentate; anddetermining a concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate;wherein the concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate is higher than in the produced water and a concentration of the salt in the retentate is lower than in the produced water.2.The method of claim 1, further comprising repeating the step of subjecting the produced water to centrifugal ultrafiltration at least once.3.The method of claim 1, wherein a concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the produced water is about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm.4.The method of claim 1, wherein the polymeric scale inhibitor has a molecular weight of about 10,000 Da to about 4,000,000 Da.5.The method of claim 1, wherein a concentration of the salt in the produced water is about 50,000 ppm to about 250,000 ppm.6.The method of claim 1, wherein a semi-permeable membrane used for centrifugal ultrafiltration has a cut-off of about 3,000 Da to about 5,000 Da.7.The method of claim 1, wherein a centrifugation speed is about 5,000 g to about 8,000 g.8.The method of claim 1, wherein a centrifugation time is about 40 min to about 60 min.9.The method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate is determined by a turbidimetric method, nitrogen digestion method, inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry, or any combination thereof.10.The method of claim 1, wherein the salt comprises ions of sulfate, chloride, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, or any combination thereof.11.A method comprising:obtaining a produced water from a subterranean formation, the produced water comprising a salt and a polymeric scale inhibitor having a molecular weight of about 10,000 Da to about 4,000,000 Da;wherein a concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the produced water is about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm;subjecting the produced water to centrifugal ultrafiltration by a semi-permeable membrane having a cut-off of about 3,000 Da to about 5,000 Da to obtain a retentate;wherein a centrifugation speed is about 5,000 g to about 8,000 g and a centrifugation time is about 40 min to about 60 min; anddetermining a concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate;wherein the concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate is higher than in the produced water and a concentration of the salt in the retentate is lower than in the produced water.12.The method of claim 11, further comprising repeating the step of subjecting the produced water to centrifugal ultrafiltration at least once.13.The method of claim 11, wherein a concentration of the salt in the produced water is about 50,000 ppm to about 250,000 ppm.14.The method of claim 11, wherein the concentration of the polymeric scale inhibitor in the retentate is determined by a turbidimetric method, nitrogen digestion method, inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry, or any combination thereof.15.The method of claim 11, wherein the salt comprises ions of sulfate, chloride, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, or any combination thereof.
Citation Information
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