Centrifugal separator having a bursting protection covering and bursting protection covering for a centrifugal separator

Abstract

The invention relates to a centrifugal separator (1) for centrifugally separating solids from a fluid, having at least one housing component (6) which delimits a separating chamber (2) of the centrifugal separator (1), an inlet (3) which opens tangentially into the separating chamber (2) for feeding a fluid, which carries solids, into the separating chamber (2), an underflow (4) for discharging a heavy fraction separated from the fluid, an overflow pipe (5) for discharging a residual fluid fraction from which the heavy fraction has been removed, and a bursting protection covering (8) attached to the outer wall (10) of the at least one housing component (6). The invention also relates to a bursting protection covering (8) for such a centrifugal separator (1).

Description

[0001] Centrifugal separator with a burst protection cover and burst protection cover for a centrifugal separator

[0002] The invention relates to a centrifugal separator for centrifugally separating solids from a fluid, comprising at least one housing component that delimits a separation chamber of the centrifugal separator, an inlet opening tangentially into the separation chamber for supplying a fluid carrying solids into the separation chamber, an underflow for discharging a heavy fraction separated from the fluid, and an overflow pipe for discharging a residual fluid fraction depleted of the heavy fraction. The invention also relates to a burst protection cladding for such a centrifugal separator.

[0003] DE 20 2008 018 358 Ul describes an exemplary hydrocyclone for cleaning a fibrous suspension with a chamber of circular cross-section, into which an inlet and a light part outlet open at one end and a heavy part separator at the opposite end.

[0004] The object of the invention is to increase the safety during operation of a centrifugal separator.

[0005] The object is achieved by a centrifugal separator for centrifugally separating solids from a fluid, comprising: at least one housing component which defines a separation chamber of the centrifugal separator, an inlet opening tangentially into the separation chamber for feeding a fluid carrying solids into the separation chamber,

[0006] - an underflow for discharging a heavy fraction separated from the fluid,

[0007] - an overflow pipe for discharging a residual fluid fraction depleted of the heavy fraction, and

[0008] - a burst protection cladding attached to the outer wall of at least one housing component.

[0009] Centrifugal separators are generally used to separate a heavy fraction from a solid mixture consisting of solid particles of varying shape, size, mass, and density. Such a solid mixture is fed to the centrifugal separator by means of a carrier fluid. The carrier fluid can be a gaseous fluid, such as air, or, in the case of a hydrocyclone, a liquid, such as water.

[0010] The fluid and the solid mixture carried by it are introduced via the inlet into the interior of the centrifugal separator as feed material. The interior of the centrifugal separator forms a separation chamber in which a heavy fraction is separated. For this purpose, the feed material is introduced tangentially at an upper section of the centrifugal separator. The separation chamber can comprise a head piece as a first housing component which immediately follows the inlet in the direction of flow. The head piece can, for example, be designed as a circular cylindrical pipe section. Directly below the head piece, an intermediate piece can be connected as a second housing component. The intermediate piece forms a transition housing wall from the head piece to a separation cone. The separation cone forms a third housing component. The actual separation of the heavy fraction takes place at least substantially in the part of the separation chamber formed by the separation cone.

[0011] The feed material, which is introduced tangentially into the interior of the centrifugal force separator via the inlet in the area of ​​the head piece, is set in a rotating movement and flows downwards into the separation cone in a spiral-shaped vortex flow close to the wall of the separation chamber. Due to the continuous reduction in the diameter of the separation chamber in the section of the separation cone, the flow velocity and thus the centrifugal force acting on the solids increases. The solids of the heavy fraction are thrown against the inner wall of the separation cone and move continuously downwards to a fourth housing component known as the outlet group, from which the solids of the heavy fraction are separated from the centrifugal force separator via the underflow.

[0012] The residual fraction, which is also referred to as light fraction, is led back up inside the separation cone together with the fluid close to the center as a middle vortex or continuous vortex and in the area of ​​the head piece is led via a coaxially arranged dip pipe into an overflow pipe, from where the fluid residual fraction depleted of the heavy fraction is discharged from the centrifugal separator.

[0013] In particular, the heavy fraction to be separated, which flows specifically along the inner walls of the housing components, in particular the inner wall of the separation cone, can sometimes comprise particularly heavy particles, sharp-edged particles and / or hard particles, which not only lead to wear on the inner walls of the housing components, but in particularly unfavorable cases can even lead to damage to the housing component, in particular the separation cone. If the housing component, in particular the separation cone, is made of a brittle material, such as a duroplast or a ceramic material, there is even a risk of the housing component bursting. In the event of a bursting, fragments or splinters of the burst housing component, in particular the separation cone, can be thrown off and may hit and injure people nearby.Generally, there is a significant overpressure in the separation chamber of the centrifugal separator, which can adversely increase the bursting effect. Furthermore, there is a risk that the carrier fluid could escape after a burst and potentially hit people nearby. This is particularly dangerous in cases where the carrier fluid is a liquid, such as water, and this liquid is hot. If the hot liquid hits a person, there is a particular risk that the person could burn themselves on the hot liquid.

[0014] In order to increase safety during operation of a centrifugal separator, it is therefore proposed according to the invention to attach a burst protection cladding to the outer wall of at least one housing component of the centrifugal separator.

[0015] The burst protection cladding can be a flat support that has a corresponding flexibility, so that it can be placed on and fastened to a particularly cylindrical, conical, or tapered outer wall of the at least one housing component of the centrifugal separator. The burst protection cladding can accordingly be, for example, a film, in particular a plastic film, or a nonwoven, in particular a woven fabric, which is attached to the outer wall of the at least one housing component of the centrifugal separator.

[0016] The burst protection cladding is not primarily intended to prevent the housing component to which the burst protection cladding is attached from breaking, but rather to essentially hold a broken housing component together so that no fragments or splinters that might arise if the housing component breaks are thrown off in an uncontrolled manner. The burst protection cladding completely surrounds the housing component on the circumference and at least essentially holds a broken housing component together in its original shape. The burst protection cladding can not only completely surround the housing component on the circumference, but in special designs it can also have an overlapping area or even be wrapped around the housing component to a certain extent.

[0017] The burst protection cladding continues to cover the fracture points, particularly after a housing component has ruptured, so that no fluid, in particular no liquid such as water, can escape uncontrollably from the fracture points. Above all, it prevents fluid under excess pressure from being ejected. The burst protection cladding can therefore, under certain circumstances, continue to cover the fracture points so reliably that no fluid escapes from the fractured housing component, even though fracture points are present. If the burst protection cladding remaining on the fractured housing component cannot, under certain circumstances, prevent the fluid from escaping at all, the fluid is at least kept under control to such an extent that the fluid, for example a liquid, only flows down in the direction of gravity but does not spray out horizontally.If the fluid escapes from the fracture points of the housing component, the burst protection cladding may bulge in a bubble-like manner, whereby the defect in the housing component becomes visually visible outside the burst protection cladding despite the burst protection cladding covering the fracture points.

[0018] The burst protection cladding can be a plastic film attached to the outer wall of the at least one housing component.

[0019] The plastic film should have a minimum thickness such that the forces occurring in the event of a spontaneous rupture of the housing component can be reliably absorbed by the plastic film without tearing. The plastic film can, for example, have a minimum thickness of 0.1 millimeters. The plastic film can be a polyethylene film or a polypropylene film, for example. The plastic film can therefore have a corresponding elasticity, i.e., stretchability, which helps prevent unwanted tearing of the plastic film.

[0020] Plastic films in various colors can be attached to the housing component. The plastic films can be plain or printed. Printed plastic films can also feature any pattern or graphic element. The plastic film can be transparent. When using a transparent film, a suspension leak at a break or torn area can be detected visually by a bulge in the film and color-coded by the appearance of a discoloration (suspension color) between the white ceramic cone and the transparent film. The suspension is temporarily retained. Operating personnel can take appropriate steps to prevent a substance leak, depending on the situation.

[0021] Since the plastic film lies directly on the surface of the outer wall of the housing component, sensors such as thermal expansion strips can also be attached to the plastic film.

[0022] The plastic film can be a self-adhesive plastic film that is glued to the outer wall of the at least one housing component.

[0023] If the plastic film is self-adhesive, this has the advantage that, after removing a protective film, it can be directly adhered to the outer wall of the housing component. This simplifies installation by eliminating the need to manually apply separate adhesives to the plastic film and / or the housing component. Before the self-adhesive plastic film is adhered to the housing component, the surface of the outer wall of the housing component can be cleaned, particularly by removing dust and grease, to ensure reliable adhesion of the self-adhesive plastic film to the housing component.

[0024] The plastic film can be a liquid-tight and / or gas-tight plastic film. If the plastic film is a liquid-tight plastic film, the liquid-tight plastic film can prevent liquid from escaping from the fracture points of the housing component, for example, of a hydrocyclone. In the case of a centrifugal separator that uses a gas, such as air, as the carrier fluid, the gas-tight plastic film can prevent gas, such as air, from escaping from the fracture points of the housing component.

[0025] The plastic film can be produced as a blank cut out of a film sheet, the outer contour of which corresponds at least substantially to a development of the outer wall of the at least one housing component.

[0026] In this case, the cut piece of plastic film can be placed precisely on the outer wall of the housing component, in particular glued on.

[0027] The centrifugal separator can have multiple housing components, each of which can have a different geometric shape. For example, one housing component can have a circular-cylindrical shape, while another housing component can have a conical shape. Each housing component can be provided with its own burst protection lining, in particular its own plastic film. In special designs, the burst protection linings, in particular the plastic films, can be arranged so as to overlap from one housing component to the immediately adjacent other housing component.In a transition area, for example from a circular cylindrical housing component to a conical housing component, an overlapping area of ​​the plastic film can be provided with corresponding incisions so that the plastic film can be attached, in particular glued, without creases even in such a transition area.

[0028] The plastic film can thus have incisions on at least one film edge which extend at least substantially perpendicularly from the film edge into the surface of the plastic film inwards.

[0029] The housing component may be made of a ceramic material.

[0030] It is indeed possible to manufacture the housing component entirely from plastic in order to reduce the tendency of the housing component to break from the outset. However, housing components made of plastic in centrifugal separators tend to experience greater wear on the inner walls of the housing components. Therefore, from a process engineering perspective, it may be more advantageous if the housing components are made from ceramic material because this can significantly reduce abrasive wear and thus increase the stability of the housing component and consequently of the centrifugal separator. However, the resulting greater tendency to break can be counteracted with the burst protection cladding according to the invention, in particular the plastic film, to ensure safe operation of the centrifugal separator.

[0031] The centrifugal separator can be a hydrocyclone. In the case of a hydrocyclone, the carrier fluid is a liquid, in particular water. The water can possibly be hot. To take this into account, a plastic film can be selected which also has appropriate temperature resistance. Particularly in hydrocyclones which operate with hot liquid and possibly with increased internal pressure in the hydrocyclone, the use of a burst protection lining according to the invention, in particular a plastic film, can prevent a dangerous spraying or ejection of liquid from the hydrocyclone following a rupture of the housing component.

[0032] The housing component can be a separation cone of the hydrocyclone.

[0033] Since the risk of bursting is particularly high at the separation cone of a hydrocyclone, a burst protection cladding, in particular a plastic film, should preferably be attached, in particular glued, to the outer wall of the separation cone. The other housing components, such as the outlet piece, head piece, intermediate piece and / or outlet group, can remain without burst protection cladding if necessary. Alternatively, however, it is also possible for one or more housing components, such as the outlet piece, head piece, intermediate piece and / or outlet group, to be provided with such a burst protection cladding, in particular a plastic film, in addition to the separation cone.

[0034] The object is also achieved by a burst protection cladding for a centrifugal separator according to one of the described embodiments, wherein the burst protection cladding is designed as a cut-out of a self-adhesive plastic film, the outer contour of which corresponds at least substantially to a development of an outer wall of at least one housing component of the centrifugal separator to which the burst protection cladding is to be attached.

[0035] The burst protection cladding can therefore be offered as a separate product and, for example, can also be retrofitted to centrifugal separators already in operation.

[0036] In the event of a housing component equipped with the burst protection cladding breaking, in particular in the case of a housing component made of a ceramic material, the burst protection cladding can be removed, in particular a plastic film can be peeled off, so that separate disposal of the broken parts of the housing component and the burst protection cladding is possible.

[0037] A specific embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail in the following description with reference to the accompanying figures. Regardless of the specific context in which they are mentioned, specific features of this exemplary embodiment may, if appropriate, also represent general features of the invention, whether considered individually or in further combinations.

[0038] It shows :

[0039] Fig . 1 a perspective view of a

[0040] Centrifugal separator in the exemplary embodiment of a hydrocyclone,

[0041] Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of an exemplary housing component of a centrifugal separator using the example of a cone with a lower circular cylindrical section and an upper conical section, as well as a development of an exemplary plastic film, and Fig. 3 is a side view of the housing component according to Fig. 2 with plastic films glued to an outer wall of the housing component.

[0042] In Fig. 1, a centrifugal separator 1 in the exemplary design of a hydrocyclone 1a is shown.

[0043] The centrifugal separator 1 serves for the centrifugal separation of solids from a fluid. In the case of the hydrocyclone 1a shown, this serves for the centrifugal separation of solids, in particular fibers, from a liquid, such as water.

[0044] The centrifugal separator 1 or the hydrocyclone 1a defines a separation chamber 2.

[0045] An inlet 3 opens tangentially into the separation chamber 2 for supplying a fluid carrying solids into the separation chamber 2.

[0046] The centrifugal separator 1 or the hydrocyclone 1a comprises an underflow 4 for discharging a heavy fraction separated from the fluid.

[0047] Furthermore, the centrifugal separator 1 or the hydrocyclone 1a comprises an overflow pipe 5 for discharging a residual fluid fraction depleted of the heavy fraction.

[0048] In the case of the present exemplary embodiment, the centrifugal separator 1 or the hydrocyclone 1a has a plurality of housing components 6. The plurality of housing components 6 define or delimit the separation chamber 2 of the centrifugal separator 1 or the hydrocyclone 1a.

[0049] The separation chamber 1 can thus comprise a head piece 6a as a first housing component 6.1, which directly follows the inlet 3 in the direction of flow. The head piece 6a can, for example, be designed as a circular cylindrical pipe section. Directly below the head piece 6a, an intermediate piece 6b can be arranged as a second housing component 6.2. The intermediate piece 6b forms a transition housing wall from the head piece 6a to a separation cone 6c. The separation cone 6c forms a third housing component 6.3. The actual separation of the heavy fraction takes place at least substantially in the part of the separation chamber 2 formed by the separation cone 6c.

[0050] The left-hand illustration of Fig. 2 schematically shows a separating cone 6c with a lower circular cylindrical section 7a and an upper conical section 7b. According to the invention, both the lower circular cylindrical section 7a and the upper conical section 7b are provided with a burst protection lining 8.

[0051] Thus, Fig. 2 shows, in two right-hand illustrations, a burst protection cladding 8 in an exemplary embodiment as a plastic film 8a, 8b. The rectangular plastic film 8a shown below is assigned to the lower circular cylindrical section 7a of the separation cone 6c, and the annular countersunk plastic film 8b shown above is assigned to the upper conical section 7b of the separation cone 6c. The rectangular plastic film 8a and the annular countersunk plastic film 8b are each shown in a developed view. The rectangular plastic film 8a and the annular countersunk plastic film 8b are attached to the outer wall 10 of the separation cone 6c to each form a burst protection cladding 8.

[0052] In the case of the exemplary embodiment shown, the burst protection cladding 8 is designed as a plastic film 8a, 8b attached to the outer wall of the at least one housing component 6, ie to the outer wall 10 of the separation cone 6c.

[0053] The respective plastic film 8a, 8b can in particular be a self-adhesive plastic film 8a, 8b which is glued onto the outer wall 10 of the separation cone 6c.

[0054] As is to be shown by Fig. 2, the respective plastic film 8a, 8b can be produced as a blank cut out of a film sheet, the outer contour of which corresponds at least substantially to a development of the outer wall 10 of the at least one housing component 6, ie of the separation cone 6c.

[0055] In the exemplary case of the separation cone 6c according to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the separation cone 6c has a lower circular-cylindrical section 7a and an upper conical section 7b, so that a kink results in a transition region 9 in the outer wall 10 of the separation cone 6c. In order to be able to apply the rectangular plastic film 8a and the circular-ring-shaped plastic film 8b in an overlapping manner on the surface of the outer wall 10 in this kink region, the respective plastic film 8a, 8b can have incisions 12a, 12b on at least one film edge 11a, 11b, which extend at least substantially perpendicularly from the film edge 11a, 11b inwards into the surface of the plastic film 8a, 8b.

[0056] The respective plastic film 8a, 8b can in particular be a liquid-tight and / or gas-tight plastic film 8a, 8b.

[0057] The housing component 6, in particular the illustrated separation cone 6c, can consist of a ceramic material.

[0058] Fig. 3 schematically shows how the burst protection cladding 8, in particular the rectangular plastic film 8a and the circular-ring-shaped plastic film 8b, is attached to the housing component 6, in particular to the illustrated separator cone 6c. This is indicated by a not yet fully bonded corner 13 of the circular-ring-shaped plastic film 8b, beneath which the outer wall 10 of the separator cone 6c is still partially visible.

[0059] Such a burst protection cladding 8, in particular such plastic films 8a, 8b can be attached as separate accessories to a centrifugal separator 1, in particular a hydrocyclone 1a, as shown, wherein the burst protection cladding 8, in particular the plastic films 8a, 8b can each be designed as a blank of a self-adhesive plastic film 8a, 8b, the outer contour of which at least substantially corresponds to a development of an outer wall 10 of at least one housing component 6 of the centrifugal separator 1, in particular an outer wall 10 of the separation cone 6c of the hydrocyclone 1a, to which the burst protection cladding 8 is to be attached.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Centrifugal separator for centrifugally separating solids from a fluid, comprising: - at least one housing component (6) which delimits a separation chamber (2) of the centrifugal separator (1), - an inlet (3) opening tangentially into the separation chamber (2) for supplying a fluid carrying solids into the separation chamber (2), - an underflow (4) for discharging a heavy fraction separated from the fluid, - an overflow pipe (5) for discharging a residual fluid fraction depleted of the heavy fraction, and - a burst protection cladding (8) attached to the outer wall (10) of the at least one housing component (6).

2. Centrifugal separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the burst protection cladding (8) is a plastic film (8a, 8b) attached to the outer wall (10) of the at least one housing component (6).

3. Centrifugal separator according to claim 2, characterized in that the plastic film (8a, 8b) is a self-adhesive plastic film (8a, 8b) which is applied to the outer wall (10) of the at least one housing component (6).

4. Centrifugal separator according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the plastic film (8a, 8b) is a liquid-tight and / or gas-tight plastic film (8a, 8b).

5. Centrifugal separator according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the plastic film (8a, 8b) is produced as a blank cut out of a film sheet, the outer contour of which corresponds at least substantially to a development of the outer wall (10) of the at least one housing component (6).

6. Centrifugal separator according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the plastic film (8a, 8b) has incisions (12a, 12b) on at least one film edge (11a, 11b) which extend at least substantially perpendicularly from the film edge (11a, 11b) into the surface of the plastic film (8a, 8b) inwards.

7. Centrifugal separator according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the housing component (6) consists of a ceramic material.

8. Centrifugal separator according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the centrifugal separator (1) is a hydrocyclone (1a).

9. Centrifugal separator according to claim 8, characterized in that the housing component (6) is a separation cone (6c) of the hydrocyclone (1a).

10. Burst protection cladding for a centrifugal separator (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the burst protection cladding (8) is designed as a cut-out of a self-adhesive plastic film (8a, 8b), the outer contour of which at least substantially corresponds to a development of an outer wall (10) of at least one housing component (6) of the centrifugal separator (1) to which the burst protection cladding (8) is to be attached.

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