Power supply device, electrical system, and temperature measurement method for power supply device

Abstract

A power supply device (100), including choke coils (CID1, CID2), voltage and current measurers (120a, 120b), a temperature sensor (130) and an operational circuit (140), wherein the voltage and current measurers (120a, 120b) are used for measuring a current (I1) flowing through the choke coils (CID1, CID2) and a voltage (V1) on a changeover switch; the temperature sensor (130) is used for measuring an initial temperature (T[0]) in an initial state; the operational circuit (140) is coupled to the voltage and current measurers (120a, 120b) and the temperature sensor (130); and the operational circuit (140) is used for: executing a power model (142), so as to calculate a first transient power (TP[1]) of the choke coils (CID1, CID2) on the basis of the initial temperature (T[0]), the voltage (V1) and the current (I1); and executing a thermal model (144), so as to calculate a first transient ideal temperature (TTI[1]) of the choke coils (CID1, CID2) on the basis of the first transient power (TP[1]). The present disclosure further relates to a temperature measurement method for the power supply device (100), and an electrical system (ES1, ES2).

Description

Power supply device, electrical system and temperature measurement method thereof Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a power supply device and a temperature measurement method thereof, and more particularly to a cabin monitoring system and method thereof for estimating transient temperature. Background Art

[0002] Thermal management systems in the prior art typically rely on basic thermal models and require manual calibration. This approach can be inefficient and potentially cause failures under varying operating conditions. In the prior art, temperature sensors can also be used to measure the operating temperature of circuit devices. However, existing temperature sensors primarily measure the steady-state temperature of circuit devices, such as the temperature change every 10 seconds during continuous operation of a circuit device. However, such steady-state temperature measurements can only represent the overall operating temperature of the circuit device and cannot reflect the transient temperature of a core circuit of the circuit device at a specific moment (e.g., measuring the transient temperature of a choke coil at a specific moment during operation).

[0003] However, existing temperature sensors are unable to measure or calculate the transient temperature of a specific component within a circuit in real time, which makes temperature monitoring difficult. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure provides a power supply device. The power supply device includes a choke coil, a voltage and current measuring device, a temperature sensor, and an operational circuit. The voltage and current measuring device is used to measure the current flowing through the choke coil and the voltage on the switch. The temperature sensor is used to measure the initial temperature in an initial state. The operational circuit is coupled to the voltage and current measuring device and the temperature sensor. The operational circuit is used to: execute a power model to calculate a first transient power of the choke coil based on the initial temperature, voltage, and current; and execute a thermal model to calculate a first transient ideal temperature of the choke coil based on the first transient power.

[0005] This disclosure provides a temperature measurement method for a power supply device, the power supply device comprising a choke coil, a voltage and current measuring device, a temperature sensor, and a computational circuit. The temperature measurement method comprises: measuring the current flowing through the choke coil and the voltage on the inverter using the voltage and current measuring device; measuring the initial temperature in an initial state using the temperature sensor; calculating a first transient power of the choke coil based on the initial temperature, the voltage of a switching switch, and the current flowing through the choke coil using a power model executed by the computational circuit; and calculating a first transient ideal temperature of the choke coil based on the first transient power using a thermal model executed by the computational circuit.

[0006] This disclosure provides an electrical system. The electrical system includes a working unit and peripheral locations. The working unit includes a core location for generating output energy based on input energy. The peripheral locations correspond to the working unit. The working unit includes a magnetic element disposed at the core location of the working unit. The relationship between temperature changes at the core location and the peripheral locations of the electrical system and time corresponds to a thermal impedance function. The electrical system estimates thermal system parameters at the core location using temperature data from the peripheral locations and the thermal impedance function.

[0007] In summary, the power supply device of the present disclosure can measure the voltage on the switch of the inverter and the current flowing through the choke coil, and thus calculate the transient temperature of the choke coil in real time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an electrical system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0009] FIG. 2 is a temperature curve diagram of a core position and a peripheral position according to the embodiment of FIG. 1 .

[0010] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of an electrical system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a calculation circuit according to the embodiment of FIG. 4 .

[0013] FIG. 6 is another graph related to the thermal model according to the embodiment of FIG. 5 .

[0014] FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the operating voltage-operating temperature of a working unit and the service life of the working unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG8 is a flow chart of a temperature measurement method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] Explanation of reference numerals: ES1, ES2: electrical system WU1, WU2: working units OC1, OC2: peripheral positions CRP1, CRP2: core positions P_in, P_in1, P_in2: input energy P_out, P_out1, P_out2: output energy 100: power supply device 110: inverter SW1, SW2, SW3, SW4, SW5, SW6: switching switch 120a: voltage meter 120b: current meter 130: temperature sensor 140: calculation circuit SC1, SC2: cable GND: ground terminal C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6: capacitor C ID1, CID2: Choke coil MOT1: Motor V1: Voltage I1: Current F1: AC frequency T[0]: Initial temperature T[1]~T[n]: Operating environment temperature 142: Power model 142a: Estimation unit 142b: Integration unit 144: Thermal model Emot: Motor power loss Ettl: Total power TP[1]~TP[n]: Transient power TTI[1]~TTI[n]: Transient ideal temperature t1, t2, t3, t4: Time point TEM1, TEM2, TEM3: Temperature 500: Temperature measurement method S510, S520, S530, S540: Steps DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following will illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or method flows.

[0018] Embodiment of an electrical system.

[0019] Please refer to FIG1 , which is a schematic diagram of an electrical system ES1 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG1 , the electrical system ES1 includes a working unit WU1 and a peripheral location OC1 (in some embodiments, the peripheral location OC1 refers to a peripheral circuit located near the working unit WU1). The working unit WU1 includes a core location CRP1, and the peripheral location OC1 corresponds to the working unit WU1. In the electrical system ES1, when input energy P_in is provided, the working unit WU1 generates output energy P_out.

[0020] Example of establishing thermal system parameters.

[0021] Referring to Figure 2, FIG2 shows a temperature curve diagram of the core position CRP1 and the peripheral position OC1 according to the embodiment of FIG1. ​​In this embodiment, the input energy P_in of the electrical system ES1 includes thermal energy input, which heats the core position CRP1 of the working unit WU1, raising its temperature until the thermal energy input generated by the input energy P_in and the thermal energy output generated by the output energy P_out of the core position CRP1 reach equilibrium, causing the core position CRP1 and the peripheral position OC1 to reach a steady-state temperature. The input energy P_in is then reduced or stopped, causing the core position CRP1 and the peripheral position OC1 to begin cooling. This results in the temperature change versus time relationship of the core position CRP1 and the peripheral position OC1 shown in FIG2. By converting the temperature change versus time relationship of the core position CRP1 and the peripheral position OC1 through a thermal impedance curve, a thermal impedance function can be further obtained to establish thermal system parameters.

[0022] In the aforementioned embodiment, the JEDEC 51-14 test method can be used, or in conjunction with thermocouple wire, to capture transient voltage changes at the measurement point of the object under test. This technology converts voltage data into temperature rise data, thereby obtaining the time-thermal resistance and thermal resistance-heat capacity relationships of the object under test. These relationships can be used for dynamic monitoring to obtain the electrical system ES1 thermal impedance function or establish thermal system parameters.

[0023] An embodiment of establishing electrical system parameters.

[0024] In one embodiment, the input energy P_in of the electrical system ES1 includes electrical energy input, and the operating conditions of the working unit WU1 are controlled based on the key electrical characteristics of the working unit WU1. Under the control of the operating conditions of the working unit WU1, the working unit WU1 can output output energy P_out. By establishing a relationship between the key electrical characteristics of the working unit WU1 and the operating conditions, electrical system parameters can be established.

[0025] In this embodiment, the electrical system ES1 may be any device for transferring or converting mechanical and electrical energy. The electrical system ES1 may exhibit thermal characteristics during the energy transfer or conversion process. Therefore, thermal system parameters may be established by converting the temperature change and time relationship between the core position CRP1 and the peripheral position OC1 into a thermal impedance function through thermal impedance curve conversion. When the electrical system ES1 is operated, the transient thermal resistance and temperature of the core position CRP1 of the electrical system ES1 may be estimated by temperature sensing of the peripheral position OC1 and the thermal impedance function of the electrical system ES1. Therefore, this embodiment may provide multiple reference values, which may be transient thermal resistance detection of the core position CRP1, temperature detection of the core position CRP1, component overheat protection, and / or control parameters of the working unit WU1 during operation of the electrical system ES1.

[0026] In other words, the electrical system ES1 may perform overheat protection on the working unit WU1 according to the thermal system parameters of the core position CRP1 and / or use the thermal system parameters as control parameters.

[0027] In this embodiment, the dynamic temperature of the core position CRP1 of the working unit WU1 can be measured, for example, by monitoring the change in junction voltage of a semiconductor device under forward bias operation. Therefore, the electrical system ES1 can estimate the transient thermal resistance of the core position CRP1 by using the temperature sensing of the peripheral position OC1 and the thermal impedance function of the electrical system ES1. The transient thermal resistance displacement can be compared with the dynamic temperature measurement of the core position CRP1 to further assess the degree of aging of a physical state of the core position CRP1 of the working unit WU1.

[0028] In the aforementioned embodiment, the aging degree of the physical state of the core position CRP1 of the working unit WU1 can be evaluated by comparing the thermal system parameters with the temperature data of the peripheral position OC1 through the thermal impedance function and referring to the electrical system parameters.

[0029] Example of transient thermal resistance displacement.

[0030] In the aforementioned embodiment, when the configuration of the electrical system ES1 whose thermal system parameters and electrical system parameters have been obtained is changed, a Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulation can be performed based on the difference in the ES1 system configuration change to obtain the thermal system parameters and electrical system parameters of the electrical system ES1 after the configuration change.

[0031] In the aforementioned embodiment, the thermal system parameters can be estimated by comparing the thermal impedance function with the temperature data of the peripheral position OC1, with reference to the working condition of the working unit WU1, and the thermal system parameters obtained by computer-aided engineering are compared with the electrical system parameters to evaluate the transient thermal resistance displacement, thereby estimating the aging degree of the working unit WU1.

[0032] Please refer to FIG3 , which is a schematic diagram of an electrical system ES2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The electrical system ES2 includes a work unit WU1 , and the work unit WU1 of the electrical system ES2 has the same thermal and electrical system parameters as the electrical system ES1 of FIG1 . When the work unit WU1 of the electrical system ES2 is replaced with the work unit WU2 , a computer-aided engineering (CAE) simulation can be performed based on the differences between the work unit WU1 and the work unit WU2 to obtain the thermal and electrical system parameters of the electrical system ES2 replaced with the work unit WU2 .

[0033] In this embodiment, the input energies P_in1 and P_in2 of the electrical system ES2 both include electrical energy input, and control the working conditions according to the key electrical characteristics of the working units WU1 and WU2 , respectively.

[0034] Under the control of the working condition of working unit WU1, working unit WU1 can output output energy P_out1, and working unit WU2 can output output energy P_out2. By establishing the relationship between the key electrical characteristics of working units WU1 and WU2 and the working conditions, electrical system ES2 can establish electrical system parameters.

[0035] In this embodiment, the electrical system ES2 may be any device for transmitting or converting mechanical and electrical energy. The electrical system ES2 may exhibit thermal characteristics during the energy transmission or conversion process. Therefore, thermal system parameters can be established by analyzing the relationship between the temperature changes and time at the core locations CRP1 and CRP2 and the peripheral locations OC1 and OC2 (in some embodiments, the peripheral location OC2 refers to a peripheral circuit located near the work unit WU2, and the circuit at the peripheral location OC2 is different from the circuit at the peripheral location OC1) and converting the temperature curve to obtain a thermal impedance function. When the electrical system ES2 is in operation, the transient thermal resistance and temperature of the core locations CRP1 and CRP2 of the electrical system ES2 can be estimated by temperature sensing at the peripheral locations OC1 and OC2 and the thermal impedance function of the electrical system ES2. Therefore, this embodiment can provide multiple reference values, and these reference values ​​can be the transient thermal resistance detection of the core position CRP1 when the electrical system ES2 is operating, the transient thermal resistance detection of the core position CRP2, the core position CRP1 temperature detection, the core position CRP2 temperature detection, the component overheating protection, the control parameters of the working unit WU1, and the control parameters of the working unit WU2.

[0036] In this embodiment, the dynamic temperature of the core position CRP1 of the working unit WU1 can be measured. Therefore, the electrical system ES2 can estimate the transient thermal resistance of the core position CRP1 by using the temperature sensing of the peripheral position OC1 and the thermal impedance function of the electrical system ES2. The temperature is compared with the dynamic temperature measurement of the core position CRP1, and the transient thermal resistance displacement is evaluated to further assess the degree of aging of a physical state of the core position CRP1 of the working unit WU1.

[0037] Furthermore, the dynamic temperature of the core position CRP2 of the work unit WU2 can be measured. Therefore, the electrical system ES2 can estimate the transient thermal resistance of the core position CRP2 by using the temperature sensing of the peripheral position OC2 and the thermal impedance function of the electrical system ES2. The temperature can be compared with the dynamic temperature measurement of the core position CRP2, and the transient thermal resistance displacement can be evaluated to further assess the degree of aging of a physical state of the core position CRP2 of the work unit WU2.

[0038] In one embodiment, the electrical system ES2 may further include a plurality of working units. According to this embodiment, the electrical system ES2 may include thermal system parameters and electrical system parameters of the plurality of working units.

[0039] In this embodiment, the plurality of working units of the electrical system ES2 may include working units WU1 and WU2. Thermal system parameters and electrical system parameters may be obtained for working units WU1 and WU2, respectively, according to the above-described embodiments. Computer-aided engineering simulations may be performed on the electrical system ES2 including working units WU1 and WU2 based on the differences between the working units to obtain thermal system parameters and electrical system parameters for the electrical system ES2 including both working units WU1 and WU2.

[0040] In the aforementioned embodiment, the working unit WU1 may further be a battery, a capacitor, a magnetic element, or a transformer, an inductor, or a choke coil formed by magnetic elements.

[0041] Embodiments related to choke coils.

[0042] Please refer to Figure 4, which is a schematic diagram of a power supply device 100 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Please refer to Figure 4, which is a schematic diagram of a power supply device 100 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The working unit WU1 in Figure 1 corresponds to the remaining circuits of the power supply device 100 in Figure 4, excluding the motor MOT1. In Figure 4, the power supply device 100 includes cables SC1 and SC2, choke coils CID1 and CID2, capacitors C1-C6, the motor MOT1, an inverter 110, a voltage meter 120a, a current meter 120b, a temperature sensor 130, and a computing circuit 140.

[0043] In one embodiment, the power supply device 100 can be used in the power supply system of an electric vehicle (as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 4 , to power the drive motor MOT1). However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the power supply device 100 can also be used in a renewable energy system (e.g., solar or wind energy) or a power supply device based on direct current (e.g., a battery) feeding power to an alternating current (AC) grid. In these examples, the load will be replaced by an AC grid (not shown) or other similar AC power load instead of the motor MOT1 shown in FIG. 4 . The inverter 110 is used to convert a DC power input (e.g., a battery, a solar panel, a wind turbine) into a specific AC power output.

[0044] In one embodiment, the inverter 110 of the power supply device 100 includes switches SW1 - SW6 . The main function of the inverter 110 is to convert DC input into AC output of a specific specification.

[0045] In one embodiment, switches SW1-SW6 are each an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) or a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). Operational circuit 140 generates gate signals to drive switches SW1-SW6, thereby controlling the operation of switches SW1-SW6. Switches SW1-SW6 switch their switching states according to the gate signals to generate three-phase AC power. Precise switching control of switches SW1-SW6 generates a waveform with the desired frequency and voltage. Three groups of switches SW1-SW6 form a three-phase system, with each group controlling the voltage of one phase, thereby generating a balanced three-phase AC power. Adjusting the switching speed of switches SW1-SW6 adjusts the output frequency to control the operating frequency of motor MOT1 (i.e., AC frequency F1 in FIG. 4 ). Precise switching control maximizes circuit power consumption and reduces overall energy loss within the power supply device 100, thereby improving system efficiency.

[0046] In one embodiment, cables SC1 and SC2 can receive an input voltage and be coupled to ground GND. Cable SC1 can also be coupled to a first terminal of capacitor C1. The first terminal of capacitor C1 is coupled to ground GND and a first terminal of capacitor C2. Cable SC2 can also be coupled to a second terminal of capacitor C2. In one embodiment, cables SC1 and SC2 can each be a shielded cable coated with an insulating material.

[0047] A first input terminal of the choke coil CID1 is coupled to the first terminal of the capacitor C1. A first output terminal of the choke coil CID1 is coupled to the first terminal of the capacitor C3 and the first terminal of the capacitor C4. A second input terminal of the choke coil CID1 is coupled to the second terminal of the capacitor C2. A second output terminal of the choke coil CID1 is coupled to the second terminal of the capacitor C3 and the ground terminal GND. A second terminal of the capacitor C4 is coupled to the ground terminal GND.

[0048] As shown in FIG4 , capacitors C5 and C6 may also be provided within inverter 110. A first end of switch SW1 is coupled to capacitor C4, capacitor C5, a first end of switch SW2, capacitor C6, and a first end of switch SW3. A second end of switch SW1 is coupled to a first end of switch SW4. A second end of switch SW2 is coupled to a first end of switch SW5. A second end of switch SW3 is coupled to a first end of switch SW6. The second ends of switches SW4, SW5, and SW6 are all coupled to ground GND.

[0049] The inverter 110 is coupled to the input terminal of the choke coil CID2 . The three-phase input terminal of the motor MOT1 can be connected to the output terminal of the choke coil CID2 .

[0050] The measuring terminal of the voltage measurer 120a can be disposed at the end of any of the switches SW1-SW6 within the inverter 110 to measure the voltage across the switch. In the embodiment of FIG4 , the measuring terminal of the voltage measurer 120a is disposed at the first end of the switch SW1 to measure the voltage V1 across the switch SW1, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0051] The measuring terminal of current measurer 120b can be located at one of the output terminals of choke coil CID2, which also serves as one of the three-phase input terminals of motor MOT1, to measure current I1 flowing through choke coil CID2. Current measurer 120b can also include a frequency measurement function. Since the input terminal of motor MOT1 receives AC power, current measurer 120b can simultaneously measure the AC frequency F1 while measuring current I1.

[0052] The measuring end of the temperature sensor 130 can be set at any position near the choke coil CID1 or CID2 to measure the initial temperature T[0] of the choke coil at the moment of starting operation (also called the "initial state") and the operating environment temperature T[1] to T[n] after the choke coil has been running for a period of time. Here, "n" can be any positive integer greater than 1, representing the number of times the temperature sensor 130 measures the choke coil CID2 during the operation of the choke coil CID2, and also represents the number of operating environment temperatures measured by the temperature sensor 130 near the choke coil CID2. In the embodiment of Figure 4, the measuring end of the temperature sensor 130 is set near the choke coil CID2, but the present invention is not limited to this.

[0053] The computing circuit 140 is coupled to the voltage measurer 120a, the current measurer 120b, and the temperature sensor 130. The computing circuit 140 can receive the voltage V1 from the voltage measurer 120a and the current I1 and the AC frequency F1 from the current measurer 120b. The computing circuit 140 can also receive the initial temperature T[0] and the operating environment temperatures T[1]-T[n] from the temperature sensor 130.

[0054] In one embodiment, computing circuit 140 monitors / estimates the transient temperature of choke coil CID2 to control and provide over-temperature protection for the choke coil. This over-temperature protection is achieved by adjusting voltage V1, current I1, and AC frequency F1 via switches SW1-SW6. The following embodiments will detail how computing circuit 140 monitors / estimates the transient temperature and provides subsequent over-temperature protection.

[0055] Wafer temperature estimation - an embodiment of timely protection.

[0056] The calculation circuit 140 of FIG5 can execute the power model and the thermal model to calculate the transient ideal temperatures TTI[1]-TTI[n].

[0057] In the initial state, the operation circuit 140 may receive the initial temperature T[0] via the temperature sensor 130. The operation circuit 140 may execute a power model and calculate the transient power TP[1] based on the initial temperature T[0], the voltage V1 measured by the voltage measuring device 120a in the initial state, the current I1 measured by the current measuring device 120b in the initial state, and the AC frequency F1. After calculating the transient power TP[1], the operation circuit 140 may then execute a thermal model and calculate the transient ideal temperature TTI[1] of the choke coil CID2 based on the transient power TP[1].

[0058] After the initial state, the power supply device 100 can continue to operate. The temperature inside the inverter 110 will increase over time. The thermal resistance of the choke coil CID2 will change with the temperature increase, thereby changing the voltage V1 on the upper switch SW1 and the current I1 flowing through the choke coil CID2. When the power supply device 100 is running, the operation circuit 140 can first receive the initial temperature T[0] through the temperature sensor 130 and execute the power model 142 to calculate the transient power TP[2] of the choke coil CID2 based on the transient ideal temperature TTI[1], the voltage V1 measured in real time by the voltage meter 120a, and the current I1 measured in real time by the current meter 120b. After calculating the transient power TP[2], the operation circuit 140 can then execute the thermal model 144 and calculate the transient ideal temperature TTI[2] of the choke coil CID2 based on the transient power TP[2].

[0059] Next, the computing circuit 140 can continuously execute the power model and the thermal model and calculate the transient ideal temperature TTI[3] based on the current I1, the AC frequency F1, and the transient ideal temperature TTI[2]. The computing circuit 140 can iterate the above operation continuously to infer the temperature value of the choke coil CID2 at a certain time point based on the current I1 of the choke coil CID2, the AC frequency F1, and the voltage V1 of the switch SW1 at that time point.

[0060] In summary, based on the power model and the thermal model, the power supply device 100 can calculate the transient temperature of the choke coil CID2 in real time by only measuring the voltage V1 of the switch SW1 , the current I1 flowing through the choke coil CID2 , and the AC frequency F1 .

[0061] In addition to the above functions, in the embodiment of FIG. 4 , the calculation circuit 140 of the power supply device 100 can further compare the transient ideal temperature of the choke coil CID2 at a certain time point after the power supply device 100 operates from the initial state to the operating environment temperature measured by the temperature sensor at that time point, thereby determining whether an abnormality has occurred in the choke coil CID2.

[0062] When the computing circuit 140 determines that the choke coil CID2 has an abnormality (e.g., transient overtemperature or insufficient service life), the computing circuit 140 quickly shuts off the power supply to the motor MOT1 by deactivating switches SW1-SW6, preventing current from flowing through the choke coil CID2 and protecting the system from damage caused by overload or faults. The coordinated operation of switches SW1-SW6 ensures stable and efficient operation of the power supply device 100.

[0063] The computation circuit 140 can use a power model and a thermal model to estimate the transient ideal temperature of the choke coil CID2 at the aforementioned time point. The computation circuit 140 can receive the operating ambient temperature measured by the temperature sensor 130 at that time point. Furthermore, the computation circuit 140 can configure a conduction function based on the location of the temperature sensor 130's measuring end within the choke coil CID2 and the thermal conductivity of the conductive medium (e.g., copper wire, heat pipe, or heat-conducting metal sheet) at the temperature sensor 130's measuring end. Based on the conduction function, the computation circuit 140 can convert the operating ambient temperature into the choke operating temperature of the choke coil CID2. In other words, the computation circuit 140 can estimate the choke operating temperature of the choke coil CID2 based on the conduction function and the operating ambient temperature. The computation circuit 140 can compare the choke operating temperature of the choke coil CID2 with the transient ideal temperature to determine whether an abnormality occurred in the choke coil CID2 at that time point.

[0064] When the difference between the choke operating temperature and the transient ideal temperature exceeds a first threshold, it indicates that the choke coil CID2 has aged, resulting in an increase in its thermal resistance. In this case, the computing circuit 140 can send a control signal to reduce the current I1 flowing through the choke coil CID2, thereby placing the power supply device 100 into load reduction mode, thereby extending the service life of the power supply device 100.

[0065] When the difference between the choke operating temperature and the transient ideal temperature exceeds a second threshold, it indicates that the choke coil CID2 has aged excessively. If left untreated, this could cause the entire power supply device 100 to malfunction. In this embodiment, the second threshold is higher than the first threshold. In this case, the computing circuit 140 can send a control signal to cause the switches SW1-SW6 in the overall inverter 110 to stop supplying current to the motor MOT1. In some embodiments, when the computing circuit 140 detects this phenomenon, it can generate and transmit a warning message (e.g., explanatory text, graphics, or an alarm sound) to a display, speaker, or other output interface. This notifies the user or maintenance personnel of the current aging of the choke coil CID2, allowing them to perform targeted repairs or maintenance.

[0066] In the above embodiment, when the difference between the choke operating temperature and the transient ideal temperature increases, it may also indicate that the choke coil CID2 may be worn out or its service life is insufficient. For example, a Rainflow algorithm can be executed to estimate the service life of the choke coil CID2 based on the deviation of the operating temperature of the choke coil CID2. When it is determined that the service life of the choke coil CID2 is insufficient, maintenance personnel can be prompted to replace it.

[0067] In the above embodiment, choke coil CID2 is used as an example for simplicity. In one embodiment, the computing circuit 140 can also measure the current flowing through choke coil CID1 to estimate the transient temperature and monitor overtemperature for choke coil CID1. In another embodiment, the computing circuit 140 can simultaneously monitor each of choke coils CID1 and CID2 and select the highest transient temperature calculated by the computing circuit 140 from these choke coils to determine whether an overtemperature condition has occurred within the power supply device 100.

[0068] Please refer to FIG5 , which is a schematic diagram of the computing circuit 140 according to the embodiment of FIG4 . Specifically, FIG5 illustrates a power model 142 and a thermal model 144 of the computing circuit 140 .

[0069] In the embodiment of FIG. 5 , the power model 142 includes an estimation unit 142 a and an integration unit 142 b .

[0070] In the initial state, the estimation unit 142a can estimate the motor power loss Emot of the motor MOT1 and the total power Ettl of the power supply device 100 according to the initial temperature T[0], the voltage V1 of the switch SW1 and the current I1 flowing through the choke coil CID2.

[0071] The motor power loss Emot refers to the power consumed by the motor MOT1 under ideal conditions, and the total power Ettl refers to the power consumed by the entire power supply device 100 under ideal conditions.

[0072] In this embodiment, the integration unit 142b can receive the motor power loss Emot and the total power Ettl from the estimation unit 142a, and transmit the motor power loss Emot and the total power Ettl received in the initial state as the output transient power TP[1] to the thermal model.

[0073] After receiving the transient power TP[1] from the integration unit 142b, the thermal model 144 may calculate the transient ideal temperature TTI[1] based on the transient power TP[1].

[0074] After the initial state, the thermal model 144 can transmit the transient ideal temperature TTI[1] to the power model 142. The power model 142 can correspondingly output the transient power TP[2] to the thermal model 144, so that the thermal model 144 can calculate the transient ideal temperature TTI[2]. Similarly, the calculation circuit 140 can continue to calculate the transient ideal temperatures TTI[3] to TTI[n].

[0075] Please refer to FIG. 6 , which is a graph illustrating the thermal model 144 according to the embodiment of FIG. FIG. The graph of FIG. 6 can be used to illustrate the corresponding relationship between the equivalent thermal resistance and the equivalent thermal capacity of the choke coil CID2 . The values ​​and units on the coordinate axes of FIG. 6 are for reference only and do not represent actual values.

[0076] The curve in FIG. 6 may be a preset curve, and the preset curve is obtained by measuring the thermal resistance and thermal capacitance of the object under test and the circuit operating environment used by the power supply device 100 .

[0077] It should be noted that, in one embodiment, an operating environment equivalent to that of the power supply device 100 is constructed in a laboratory environment, and while the ambient temperature is controlled, the voltage across the switching switch SW1 and the current flowing through the choke coil CID2 are measured one by one, and the power loss of the choke coil CID2 is then inferred from the conduction current and the voltage across the switching switch SW1. In some embodiments, the relationship between the power loss and the ambient temperature is recorded as a comparison table or as a database model to obtain the power model 142.

[0078] The working unit WU1 is an embodiment of a battery.

[0079] 6 can also be used to illustrate the case where the working unit WU1 is a battery. In this embodiment, the equivalent thermal resistance value of the working unit WU1 corresponds to the thermal capacity value of the working unit WU1.

[0080] In the aforementioned embodiment, the working unit WU1 of the electrical system ES1 may be a battery. In this embodiment, when input energy P_in is provided to charge the working unit WU1, the working unit WU1 may discharge to generate output energy P_out. In embodiments where the working unit WU1 is charged or discharged as a battery, the computing circuit 140 may estimate the transient temperature change at the core position CRP1 based on the temperature at the peripheral position OC1. Furthermore, the computing circuit 140 may adjust the charging or discharging operation of the working unit WU1 based on electrical system parameters to prevent the working unit WU1 from shortening its service life due to excessively high temperatures at the core position CRP1 during operation.

[0081] In an embodiment where the working unit WU1 is a battery, the computing circuit 140 can control the working condition and electrical system parameters of the working unit WU1 by monitoring the temperature of the peripheral location OC1 to evaluate the transient thermal resistance displacement of the working unit WU1, thereby estimating the degree of aging of the battery (working unit WU1) and determining whether the battery has reached a condition requiring maintenance, repair, or replacement.

[0082] The working unit WU1 is an embodiment of a capacitor.

[0083] Please refer to FIG. 7 , which is a graph showing the relationship between the operating voltage-operating temperature of the operating unit and the service life of the operating unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0084] In the electrical system ES1, the working unit WU1 can further function as a capacitor. When input energy P_in is provided to charge the working unit WU1, the working unit WU1 can discharge to generate output energy P_out. As in the above embodiment, the computing circuit 140 can obtain the thermal system parameters and electrical system parameters of the working unit WU1. In the embodiment where the working unit WU1 is charged or discharged as a capacitor, the computing circuit 140 can estimate the transient temperature change of the core position CRP1 based on the temperature of the peripheral position OC1. In addition, the computing circuit 140 can adjust the charging or discharging operation of the working unit WU1 based on the electrical system parameters to avoid shortening the service life of the working unit WU1 due to excessively high temperature at the core position CRP1 during operation.

[0085] In an embodiment where the working unit WU1 is a capacitor, the computing circuit 140 can evaluate the transient thermal resistance displacement of the working unit WU1 based on the temperature of the peripheral location OC1 (e.g., temperatures TEM1, TEM2, and TEM3 in FIG7 ), the operating condition of the working unit WU1, and the electrical system parameters, thereby estimating the degree of aging of the capacitor (working unit WU1) and determining whether the capacitor has reached the condition requiring maintenance, repair, or replacement.

[0086] Example of predicting maintenance time.

[0087] Please refer to FIG8 . FIG8 is a flow chart of a temperature measurement method 500 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The temperature measurement method 500 is used to illustrate the operation method of the power supply device 100 .

[0088] In step S510 , the power supply device 100 may measure the voltage V1 on the switch SW1 and the current I1 flowing through the choke coil CID2 through the voltage and current measuring devices (ie, the voltage measuring device 120 a and the current measuring device 120 b ).

[0089] In step S520 , the power supply device 100 may measure the initial temperature T[0] in the initial state through the temperature sensor 130 .

[0090] In step S530 , the power supply device 100 may execute the power model 142 to calculate the transient power TP[1] based on the initial temperature T[0], the voltage V1 of the switch SW1 , and the current I1 flowing through the choke coil CID2 .

[0091] In step S540 , the power supply device 100 may execute the thermal model 144 and calculate the transient ideal temperature TTI[1] of the choke coil CID2 based on the transient power TP[1]. In this step, the power supply device 100 may also record the thermal system parameters and electrical system parameters generated by the thermal model 144.

[0092] After step S540, the power supply device 100 may receive the transient ideal temperature TTI[1] and continuously calculate the transient ideal temperatures TTI[2]-TTI[n] according to the temperature measurement method 500. In this step, the power supply device 100 may also record the numerical changes of the thermal system parameters and the electrical system parameters by recording multiple sets of thermal system parameters and electrical system parameters.

[0093] In this embodiment, the power supply device 100 can analyze the numerical changes in thermal and electrical system parameters through numerical fitting, statistical methods, artificial intelligence deep learning, and other methods, and predict the time point at which the inverter 110 will reach degradation based on these records. The time point can be replaced by different representations such as "electric vehicle mileage" or "number of trips," or simply a date and time, and the present invention is not limited to this.

[0094] In summary, based on the power model 142 and the thermal model 144, the power supply device 100 of the present invention can calculate the transient temperature of the choke coil in real time by simply measuring the voltage on the inverter's switch and the current flowing through the choke coil. Furthermore, in some cases, the power supply device 100 of the present invention can also determine whether the choke coil has aged by comparing the transient ideal temperature with the ambient temperature during system operation.

[0095] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present disclosure. Various modifications and equivalents may be made to the present disclosure without departing from the scope or concept of the present disclosure. In summary, all modifications and equivalents made to the present disclosure within the scope of the following claims are intended to be encompassed by the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A power supply device, comprising: a choke coil; a voltage and current measuring device for measuring a current flowing through the choke coil and a voltage on an inverter; a temperature sensor for measuring an initial temperature in an initial state; as well as An operating circuit is coupled to the voltage and current measuring device and the temperature sensor, and is used to: executing a power model to calculate a first transient power of the choke coil based on the initial temperature, the voltage, and the current; as well as A thermal model is executed to calculate a first transient ideal temperature of the choke coil based on the first transient power.

2. The power supply device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the computing circuit is further configured to: When the power supply device is running, executing the power model to calculate a second transient power of the choke coil according to the first transient ideal temperature, the voltage, and the current; and The thermal model is executed to calculate a second transient ideal temperature of the choke coil according to the second transient power.

3. The power supply device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the computing circuit is further configured to: When the power supply device is running, measuring an operating environment temperature through the temperature sensor; estimating a choke operating temperature of the choke coil according to the operating environment temperature and a conduction function between the choke coil and the temperature sensor; The choke operating temperature and the first transient ideal temperature are compared to determine whether the choke coil has an abnormality.

4. The power supply device according to claim 3, wherein: When the difference between the operating temperature of the choke and the first transient ideal temperature is greater than a first threshold value, the operation circuit sends a control signal to reduce the current flowing through the choke coil. When the difference between the choke operating temperature and the first transient ideal temperature is greater than a second threshold value, the operation circuit sends the control signal to stop the choke coil from operating, and the second threshold value is higher than the first threshold value.

5. The power supply device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the power model estimates a switch on-state loss power, a switch off-state loss power, a reverse recovery loss power, and a switch on-state voltage of the choke coil according to the initial temperature, the voltage of the choke coil, and the current, and calculates the first transient power according to the switch on-state loss power, the switch off-state loss power, the reverse recovery loss power, and the switch on-state voltage.

6. A temperature measurement method for a power supply device, the power supply device comprising a choke coil, a voltage and current measuring device, a temperature sensor, and an operating circuit, the temperature measurement method comprising: Measuring a current flowing through the choke coil and a voltage on an inverter by the voltage and current measuring device; Measuring an initial temperature in an initial state by the temperature sensor; Executing a power model by the calculation circuit to calculate a first transient power of the choke coil based on the initial temperature, the voltage, and the current; and A thermal model is executed by the operation circuit to calculate a first transient ideal temperature of the choke coil based on the first transient power.

7. The temperature measurement method according to claim 6, further comprising: When the power supply device is running, executing the power model to calculate a second transient power of the choke coil according to the first transient ideal temperature, the voltage, and the current; and The thermal model is executed to calculate a second transient ideal temperature of the choke coil according to the second transient power.

8. The temperature measurement method according to claim 6, further comprising: When the power supply device is running, measuring an operating environment temperature through the temperature sensor; estimating a choke operating temperature of the choke coil according to the operating environment temperature and a conduction function between the choke coil and the temperature sensor; The choke operating temperature and the first transient ideal temperature are compared to determine whether the choke coil has an abnormality.

9. The temperature measurement method according to claim 8, further comprising: When the difference between the operating temperature of the choke and the first transient ideal temperature is greater than a first threshold value, a control signal is sent to reduce the current flowing through the choke coil. When the difference between the choke operating temperature and the first transient ideal temperature is greater than a second threshold value, the control signal is sent to stop the choke coil from operating, and the second threshold value is higher than the first threshold value.

10. The temperature measurement method of claim 6 , wherein the power model estimates a switch on-state loss power, a switch off-state loss power, a reverse recovery loss power, and a switch on-state voltage of the choke coil according to the initial temperature, the voltage of the choke coil, and the current, and calculates the first transient power according to the switch on-state loss power, the switch off-state loss power, the reverse recovery loss power, and the switch on-state voltage.

11. An electrical system comprising: a working unit comprising a core position for generating an output energy according to an input energy; and A peripheral position corresponding to the work unit; The working unit includes a magnetic element, and the magnetic element is arranged at the core position of the working unit; wherein a temperature change and a time relationship between the core position and the peripheral position of the electrical system corresponds to a thermal impedance function; The electrical system estimates a thermal system parameter of the core position through temperature data of the peripheral position and the thermal impedance function. 12 . The electrical system as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the working unit comprises a switch, and the switch is disposed at the core position of the working unit. 13 . The electrical system of claim 12 , wherein the thermal system parameter at the core location corresponds to a transient thermal resistance. The electrical system of claim 12 , wherein the thermal system parameter at the core location corresponds to a temperature. 15 . The electrical system as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the electrical system performs overheat protection on the working unit and / or serves as a control parameter based on the thermal system parameter at the core position. 16 . The electrical system of claim 15 , wherein the thermal system parameter at the core location corresponds to a transient thermal resistance and temperature.

17. The electrical system of claim 12, wherein the input energy of the electrical system comprises an electrical energy input, and the working unit outputs the output energy under the control of a working condition of the working unit; in, The electrical system establishes an electrical system parameter by establishing a relationship between a key electrical characteristic of the working unit and the working condition. 18 . The electrical system as claimed in claim 17 , wherein the working unit evaluates the aging degree of a physical state of the core position by referring to the thermal system parameter and the electrical system parameter.

19. The electrical system of claim 18, wherein the working unit compares the thermal system parameters using the thermal impedance function and the temperature data of the surrounding location, and compares the thermal system parameters obtained by computer-aided engineering with the electrical system parameters with reference to the working condition of the working unit to evaluate a transient thermal resistance displacement, thereby estimating the degree of aging of the working unit.

20. The electrical system of claim 17, wherein the working unit is one of a battery, a capacitor, and a magnetic element. 21 . The electrical system of claim 20 , wherein the working unit is the capacitor, and the electrical system controls the working condition of the working unit according to a relationship between a working voltage, a working temperature, and a service life of the capacitor.

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