Dual voltage contactor

Abstract

The invention relates to a motor-driven contactor comprising at least three pairs of contacts consisting of a fixed contact and a movable contact, these pairs of contacts each having a closed state in which the movable contact is positioned as close as possible to the associated fixed contact and an open state in which the movable contact is as far apart as possible from the associated fixed contact, the set of movable contacts being made to move by at least one carriage, and an electric actuator controlling the displacement of all of the carriage(s) reversibly between a position PI in which a first contact pair is in the closed state and at least two pairs of contacts are in the open state and a position P2 in which the first pair of contacts is in the open state and the at least two pairs of contacts are in the closed state, characterized in that the open state and closed state of each of the at least 3 pairs of contacts are mechanically applied by the control of the electric actuator. The electric actuator mechanically controls, via the carriage(s), the forced transition between a closed state and an open state of each of the at least three pairs of contacts.

Description

Dual voltage contactor Technical field of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a contactor capable of connecting, to a charging station, two accumulators of a battery in series or in parallel depending on the voltage offered by this battery. This invention also aims at applications integrating high-power accumulators, such as for example charging stations for electric vehicles and, in particular, electric cars.

[0002] Electrically powered motor vehicles require batteries with a relatively high voltage, typically 400V or 800V. While equipment operating at 400V was initially predominantly developed, there has been a migration from 400V to 800V architectures. However, this migration is gradual and a significant portion of the infrastructure for recharging vehicle batteries will remain capable of delivering only a voltage of 400V. In order to make vehicle batteries compatible with these two charging voltages, it is possible to separate the battery into two sub-assemblies of 400V accumulators capable of being connected in parallel or in series to be compatible with one or the other of the two voltages.The present invention aims to operate the transition from one voltage to the other automatically and securely, that is to say, without manual intervention by the user, capable of detecting a switching fault and intrinsically robust to the short-circuiting of one of the accumulators by an internal fault. state of the prior art

[0003] Known from the state of the art is patent application EP4287444 describing a contactor, which is capable of changing a connection state of at least two battery modules of a high-voltage energy storage system between a series connection and a parallel connection, and an energy storage system comprising the contactor device.

[0004] This prior art contactor device comprises two first terminals for electrically connecting a load and / or a charger, two second terminals for electrically connecting a first battery module and two third terminals for electrically connecting a second battery module. It necessarily comprises at least 4 pairs of contacts.

[0005] Also known from the prior art is patent application US20200018358A relating to a device for switching the batteries of a vehicle. The switching apparatus has an input connection, an output connection, a first switching path, a second switching path and a contact arrangement. The input port is connectable to a first battery of a vehicle. The output terminal is connectable to a second battery of the vehicle.

[0006] The first switching path passes between the input connection and the output connection. The first switching path has a first break and a second break. The second switching path passes between the input connection and the output connection. The second switching path has a first break and a second break. This prior art solution requires four contact pairs. Furthermore, switching between states is achieved via a single-pole multiple relay arrangement (in prior configurations) or a double-pole contact structure (in the inventive example), but without the specification of a carriage mobilizing contact pairs in a synchronized manner. The proposed solution uses a spulenanordnung (coil arrangement) to move the contacts between states.It is a system that relies on coils wound in opposite directions, providing reciprocating motion for the contacts without a carriage or fixed / mobilized arrangement of three pairs of contacts. Disadvantages of the prior art

[0007] The prior art solutions are not entirely satisfactory because they are relatively complex and present risks of arcing due to desynchronizations between the opening or closing of the different contacts during the opening and closing movements.

[0008] The present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art by proposing a compact, reliable and secure way of adapting the voltage at the terminals of a battery by reconfiguring the routing of its internal accumulators.

[0009] To do this, the present invention proposes a motorized contactor solution having the characteristics of claim 1.

[0010] A contactor according to the invention comprises at least three pairs of contacts composed of a fixed contact and a movable contact, these pairs of contacts each having a closed state where the movable contact is in the position of maximum approach to said associated fixed contact and an open state where the movable contact is as far apart as possible from the associated fixed contact, all of the movable contacts being moved by at least one carriage,as well as an electric actuator controlling the movement of the entire carriage(s) reversibly between a position P1 where a first pair of contacts is in the closed state and at least two pairs of contacts are in the open state and a position P2 where said first pair of contacts is in the open state and said at least two pairs of contacts are in the closed state, characterized in that the open and closed states of each of said at least 3 pairs of contacts are mechanically imposed by the control of the electric actuator.,

[0011] The electric actuator mechanically controls, via said carriage(s) (200), the forced transition between a closed state and an open state of each of said at least three pairs of contacts.

[0012] "Forced transition" means a transition between the closed state and the open state with a force applied by the electric actuator to the moving contact exceeding the static bonding force of two contacts or the bonding resulting from heating undergone by the contacts after the formation of an electric arc. An electric arc can occur in particular during a rebound of the closure or a transient stage of the closure.

[0013] Said carriage has interaction zones or cams, or connecting rods configured to interact, during the movement stroke between a starting position and an arrival position, first with the contacts to be opened and only after with the contacts to be closed.

[0014] The invention also relates to a motorized contactor furthermore having some of the following characteristics taken alone or in compatible combinations: the carriage is rotatable, the motorized contactor comprises exactly 3 pairs of contacts, the movable contacts are connected by a connection without degrees of freedom of the embedding type, in a position P3, intermediate in the travel of the carriage between the positions P1 and P2 of the carriage, the at least three pairs of contacts are in the open state, optionally in a position P4, intermediate in the travel of the carriage between the positions P1 and P2 of the carriage, the first pair of contacts and at least one of the two other pairs of contacts are in the open state and the other of the two other pairs of contacts is in the closed state, the positions P1 and P2 are extreme positions of the travel of the carriage.

[0015] The invention also relates to an electrical system comprising a battery provided with two accumulators each provided with a positive termination. , and a negative ending , , as well as a positive ending , a negative ending and a motorized contactor as previously described, the positive termination of one of said accumulators is connected to the positive termination of the electrical system, and the positive termination of the other of said accumulators is connected to the negative terminal of the electrical system, characterized in that said motorized contactor controls the electrical connection of the positive termination and the negative ending of said accumulators between them or at the terminations And of the electrical system, and optionally: the 4 terminations are connected to the fixed contacts so that in position P1, the two accumulators are connected in series to the terminations of the electrical system, and in position P2 the two accumulators are connected in parallel to the terminations of the electrical system, in position P4, only one of the two accumulators is connected to the terminations of the electrical system.

[0016] The invention also relates to an electrical system comprising a battery provided with N accumulators, N being greater than or equal to 2, a load and a motorized contactor as described previously, characterized in that said motorized contactor controls the power supply of the load by said N batteries, said contactor being capable of connecting the accumulators in series or in parallel. brief description of the figures

[0017] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the following reading of detailed embodiments, with reference to the appended figures which respectively represent: La represents a schematic view of a contactor according to the invention in a switching state allowing respectively the paralleling and series connection of two accumulators, La represents another schematic view of a contactor according to the invention in a switching state allowing respectively the paralleling and series connection of two accumulators, La represents a perspective view of an embodiment of the contactor allowing two accumulators to be connected, La represents a schematic view of the contactor presented in position P1, La represents a schematic view of the contactor presented in position P2, La represents a schematic view of the contactor presented in position P3,Larepresents a schematic view of the contactor presented in the P4 position,Larepresents a perspective view of a second example of embodiment of a contactor allowing the motor and its electronics to be viewed,Larepresents an opposite perspective view of the second example of embodiment of a contactor integrated in its housing with the cover removed,Larepresents a perspective view of the second example of embodiment of a contactor allowing two accumulators to be connected, in a series connection position,Larepresents a perspective view of the second example of embodiment of a contactor allowing two accumulators to be connected, in a parallel connection position,Larepresents a perspective view of the second example of embodiment of a contactor allowing two accumulators to be connected, in a disconnection position., General principle of the invention

[0018] The general principle of the invention consists in reconfiguring the electrical connection between the multiple terminals of an electrical contactor for the purpose of connecting accumulators of a battery in series or in parallel to adapt the voltage at the terminals of said battery. The invention relates more particularly to the contactor itself and its internal arrangement.

[0019] To connect two accumulators (31, 32) of the same voltage in series or in parallel, the contactor (10) according to the invention proposes to limit the number of pairs of contacts (410, 420, 430) used to open and close the electrical circuits. This makes it possible to minimize the contact resistance and therefore to improve the performance of the device. Each pair of contacts (410, 420, 430) is provided with a fixed contact (610, 620, 630) and a movable contact (510, 520, 530), each of these movable contacts is driven by a carriage (200) to come to bear against the associated fixed contact. The carriage (200) is mobilized by an electric actuator (100), preferably a geared motor associated with a cam or a connecting rod, but could also be a motor or a linear actuator associated or not with a transmission of movement with or without reduction.

[0020] The carriage (200) can be made up of a single part, for example a molded plastic part, or of an assembly of several parts, but which are moved under the action of a single electric actuator (100).

[0021] The interaction between the carriage (200) common to all pairs of contacts (410, 420, 430), and each of the movable contacts (510, 520, 530), is configured so that the closing and opening of the contacts (410, 420, 430) is forced by the control of the movement of the carriage (200) by an electric actuator (100), independently of the possible action of a short-stroke compression spring to stabilize the closing quality of a contact. In particular, the opening of the contacts (410, 420, 430) is not done by the release of such a compression spring, but is controlled by the movement of the carriage, as well as the closing.

[0022] The fact that the opening of each of the contacts (410, 420, 430) is imposed mechanically by the electric actuator (100), and not only by an elastic release of the contact closure is essential to avoid that an unexpected sticking of the contact, which can occur for example after the formation of an electric arc during a previous closure, keeps the contact in the closed position, then causing a risk of highly detrimental short circuit.

[0023] Optionally, it is desirable that during the movement of the carriage (200), there is a moment of the stroke where all the contacts (410, 420, 430) are open.

[0024] Each movable contact (510, 520, 530) is activated by interaction with a carriage (200) moved by direct drive by an electric actuator (100), whether to open or close the contact. Direct drive means that the motor control imposes a force on the movable contact which causes it to move over part of the opening stroke, in contrast to indirect drive where the motor control only releases a stress on the movable contact, which can then be mobilized by a previously compressed elastic return means.

[0025] By change of state, we mean the passage of the electrical state, between opening resulting in the absence of current flow, and closing which results in the flow of current. It is desirable that the passage from an open state to a closed state occurs sufficiently quickly to avoid the risk of an electric arc forming between the contacts.

[0026] It is also possible to provide an accessory means to prevent the formation of arcs when the contacts change from the open state to the closed state.

[0027] The analysis of the actuator's electrical signals makes it possible to monitor the proper progress of the movement operation and to know the position of the moving contact in relation to the fixed contact. It is also envisaged to diagnose the health of the system and to identify a fault on the contacts, such as an inability to open one of the contacts due to welding or even a mechanical breakage within the system. Of course, the direct drive mentioned does not exclude the use of a short compression stroke spring, allowing the fixed contact to be pressed against the moving contact with a tolerance range corresponding to the movement of the moving contact, avoiding a breakage of the system while ensuring a contact force minimizing the contact resistance.

[0028] The invention proposes a particularly interesting configuration for minimizing the number of electrical contacts for connecting electrical circuits in series or in parallel. For example, when it is desired to be able to switch two accumulators between these two configurations, only 3 pairs of contacts are necessary, which improves electrical and thermal performance and optimizes efficiency. Schematic description of an embodiment

[0029] Figures 1 and 2 represent schematic views of a first embodiment according to the invention allowing the connection in series or in parallel of two accumulators (31, 32) of the same voltage of a battery (30) so as to present a variable voltage between the positive terminations and negative of the system connected to a device (20), typically a charging station. In this first embodiment, the contactor (10) is provided with 3 pairs of contacts (410, 420, 430) the movable contact (510, 520, 530) of each of the pairs of contacts (410, 420, 430) is set in motion by an actuator (100) via the same carriage (200), or several mechanically linked carriages.

[0030] The electrical connection between the various components of the system is described as follows. The positive termination of an accumulator (31) is electrically connected to the positive termination of the system and the negative termination of the other accumulator (32) is connected to the negative terminal of the system. The other two endings ( , are electrically connected to the two input terminals (110, 120) of the contactor (10). The two output terminals (130, 140) of the contactor (10) are respectively electrically connected to the negative and positive terminations ( , ) of the system.

[0031] Within the contactor (10), the first input terminal (110) is electrically connected on the one hand to the movable contact (520) of the second contact pair (420) and on the other hand to the fixed contact (610) of the first contact pair. The second input terminal (120) is electrically connected to the movable contacts (510, 530) of the first and third contact pairs (410, 430). The first output terminal (130) is electrically connected to the fixed contact (620) of the second contact pair (420) and the second output terminal is electrically connected to the fixed contact (630) of the third contact pair (430).

[0032] Figure 1 shows a first switching state P2, for which the second and third pairs of contacts (420, 430) are in the closed state, i.e. the fixed (620, 630) and movable (520, 530) contacts within the same contact pair are electrically connected, and the first pair of contacts (410) is in the open state, i.e. the fixed (610) and movable (510) contacts are not electrically connected. In this position P2, the two accumulators (31, 32) are connected in parallel and the voltage across the terminals ( , ) of the system is worth that of each of the accumulators (31, 32).

[0033] Figure 2 shows a second switching state P1, for which the second and third pairs of contacts (420, 430) are in the open state and the first pair of contacts (410) is in the closed state, so as to connect the two accumulators in series. The voltage across the terminations ( , ) of the system is then worth the sum of that of each of the accumulators (31, 32).

[0034] It is important to note that the contactor (10) presented in 2 allows either: in a first position, to short-circuit the two input terminals (110, 120) and the output terminals (130, 140) to a floating potential, or in a second position, to connect each of the two input terminals (110, 120) respectively to one and the other of the output terminals (130, 140), or in a third position, to leave the two input terminals (110, 120) and the two output terminals (130, 140) at a floating potential.

[0035] All of these connections are made using three pairs of contacts (410, 420, 430), which makes it possible to minimize the electrical resistance of the contactor (10), whereas the solutions of the prior art make all electrical contact between two conductors using at least two electrical contacts. detailed description of an embodiment

[0036] The figure represents a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a first embodiment corresponding to the schematic view of figures 1 and 2. In this embodiment, the carriage (200) is moved by the electric actuator (100) in rotation around an axis (250). The movable contacts (510, 520, 530) are held in housings (210, 220, 230) of the carriage (200) by means of claws, allowing their movement relative to the associated fixed contact (610, 620, 630) when the carriage pivots.

[0037] The input (110, 120) and output (130, 140) terminals are fixed in a housing (not shown). The output terminals (130, 140) are in the form of cylindrical protrusions, provided on their upper part with a thread for fixing the conductive sheet connecting the contactor (10) to the system terminations and to the battery. The fixed contacts (620, 630) are directly made by the lower part of the output terminals (130, 140), it is optionally provided to deposit a metallic pellet made of silver or other good conductor there to improve the resistivity of the contact.

[0038] The input terminals (110, 120) are in the form of monolithic parts from which extend, on either side, flexible conductive strips (525, 615; 535, 515) to ensure the electrical connection to the movable contacts (510, 520, 530) and to the fixed contact (630) of the third pair of contacts. The movable contacts (510, 520, 530) are directly produced by the end of the conductive strips (515, 525, 535). Thus, the pivoting of the carriage (200) around its axis (250) causes the deformation of the conductive strips (515, 525, 535), one end of which is fixed and the other set in motion. Note that the flexible conductive strip (615), connecting the input terminal (110) to the fixed contact (610), is not mobilized by the movement of the carriage (200), its flexibility is therefore solely the result of the economic desire to produce the input terminal and the associated contacts in a single piece.

[0039] The housing (210) receiving the first movable contact (510) is located at the end of an extension of the carriage (200) extending from the axis (250) in a direction substantially orthogonal to the extensions of the housings (220, 230) of the other two movable contacts (250, 530). The extensions are rigid parts of the carriage (200) and this configuration ensures that pivoting the carriage in one direction causes the first pair of contacts (410) to close and the second and third pairs of contacts (420, 430) to open, while pivoting in the other direction causes the first pair of contacts (410) to open and the second and third pairs of contacts (420, 430) to close. It is thus not permitted to leave a switch in a closed state when closing another switch.Note that the orthogonal arrangement of the two extensions aims to improve the compactness of the actuator, protection against short circuits is ensured since the actuator is configured so that one contact closes when the others open, and vice versa, and that there is a range of travel for which all the contacts are simultaneously open.

[0040] The conductive strips (515, 525, 535) are retained in their respective housing (210, 220, 230) by hooks, so as to prevent their movement in the direction of the associated fixed contact (610, 620, 630). A clearance can therefore be provided between the bottom of each housing and the conductive strip located therein so as to arrange a spring (not shown) pushing the strip against the hooks. This configuration advantageously allows a slight movement of the conductive strip in its housing, by compression of the spring, when the movable contact is brought into contact with the fixed contact, and therefore to avoid damaging a component if the carriage is moved in rotation slightly beyond the contact pairs. This movement in abutment also makes it possible to minimize the resistance of the contacts and compensate for alignment errors of the faces of the contacts.

[0041] It may be noted that the extensions supporting the housings (220, 230) of the second and third movable contacts (250, 530) are shown in parallel to ensure synchronism of the closing of the contacts, however it may be desired that this is not the case to ensure a slight delay between the contacting of one of the movable contacts (520, 530) with their associated fixed contact (620, 630), relative to the other.

[0042] Figures 4, 5, 6, 7 schematically represent different possible switching positions of the contactor (10) shown in.

[0043] La represents a state called P1 for which the second and third pairs of contacts (420, 430) are in the open state and the first pair of contacts (410) is in the closed state, so as to connect the two accumulators in series. This position P1 corresponds to an end position of the travel of the carriage (200).

[0044] La represents a state called P2 for which the second and third pairs of contacts (420, 430) are in the closing state and the first pair of contacts (410) is in the opening state, so as to connect the two accumulators in parallel. This position P2 corresponds to the other end position of the travel of the carriage (200) opposite P1.

[0045] La represents a state called P3 for which all the pairs of contacts (410, 420, 430) are in the open state so that none of the accumulators are connected to the terminations. This position P3 is an intermediate position of the carriage travel between positions P1 and P2. In order to avoid short-circuiting one of the accumulators, this position P3 is always necessary between positions P1 and P2. Position P3 is an intermediate and transient safety state of the travel between P1 and P2, but it is also envisaged that the carriage can voluntarily move there and remain there.

[0046] Larepresented a state called P4 for which the first and third pairs of contacts (410, 430) are in the open state and the second pair of contacts (420) is in the closed state, so that only the first accumulator (31) is connected to the system terminations. Note that a similar state could exist so that only the second accumulator is connected to the system terminations. Note that this state could be enabled by the association of a spring with the moving contacts and the desynchronization of the contacting, as for example described in the embodiment of the.

[0047] The embodiment example presented in is in no way limiting of the invention and the person skilled in the art could easily imagine other solutions to connect the accumulators securely while avoiding short circuits. For example, the movement of the carriage could be done in a linear manner, there could also be multiple carriages each carrying a moving contact, all motorized by the same electric actuator.

[0048] The skilled person could also consider, based on these lessons, changing the series / parallel configuration of a greater number of accumulators by juxtaposing trolleys all driven by the same electric actuator.

[0049] Figures 8 to 12 represent an alternative embodiment of a contactor for connecting two accumulators in series or in parallel. This embodiment differs from the previous embodiment presented in that the fixed contacts (610, 620, 630) of each of the pairs of contacts (410, 420, 430) are integrated into the same face (750) of the housing (700) and arranged in an “L” shape. This configuration is particularly advantageous for: Optimizing the mechanical behavior of the housing, all the forces being generated on the same face (750), the latter can be reinforced and serve as a single fixing zone, thus improving the service life while optimizing the cost.Reducing the electrical resistance, the distances between the fixed contacts (610, 620, 630) being reduced, at equivalent conductor cross-section, the electrical resistance of the conductive strips (525, 615; 535, 515) connecting them is lower, thus reducing thermal losses by Joule effect and therefore the risks of overheating of the actuator. Reducing the thermal resistance, the distances between the fixed contacts (610, 620, 630) being reduced, at equivalent conductor cross-section, the thermal resistance of the conductive strips (525, 615; 535, 515) connecting them is lower, thus improving the evacuation of calories through the terminations (110, 120, 130).

[0050] La shows the mechanism of such an actuator without a housing, showing the same actuator from a different perspective and integrated into its housing (700) without its cover. Figures 10, 11 and 12 show different operating positions of this actuator.

[0051] The motor (100) allows, through meshed moving wheels (320, 330) and a connecting rod (350), to mobilize a carriage (200) supporting the moving contacts (510, 520, 530). Each of the moving contacts (510, 520, 530) in association with a fixed contact (610, 620, 630) forms a pair of contacts (410, 420, 430). Depending on the switching state of the pairs of contacts (410, 420, 430), open or closed, the terminations (110, 120, 130, 140) can be interconnected in multiple ways. For example, when the pair of contacts (410) is closed, the input terminals (110, 120) are electrically connected; when the contact pair (420) is closed, the input terminal (110) and the output terminal (130) are electrically connected; when the contact pair (430) is closed, the input terminal (120) and the output terminal (140) are electrically connected.Thus, a series configuration can be obtained when the contact pair (410) is closed and the contact pairs (420, 430) are open, and a parallel connection can be obtained when the contact pair (410) is open and the contact pairs (420, 430) are closed. The terminations (110, 120, 130, 140) have a terminal block provided with a screw thread for securing them to an electrical circuit.

[0052] The electrical terminations (110, 120, 130, 140) are located on a single face (750) of the housing (700), and in the example presented, three of them (110, 130, 140) are integral with the housing (700) and serve as an anchor point with the application in addition to ensuring the electrical functions. The 4 ème termination (120) is only held by the conductive strips (515, 535) allowing the assembly not to be over-constrained with the application.

[0053] The carriage (200) has in this embodiment an extruded “V” shape, with an opening angle ( ) obtuse, typically between 120° and 180°, each of the legs of this “V” defining an upper face, defined by a plane, on which the movable contacts (510, 520, 530) are arranged, the upper faces therefore defining between them the opening angle ( ). The carriage (200) is articulated by a pivot connection around an axis (250) located at the level of the cusp of the “V” shape, collinear with the bisector plane of the intersection of the upper faces. One end (205) of the carriage (200) is connected to a connecting rod (350) for its rotational mobilization. In order to ensure a closed position of the pairs of contacts (420, 430) and an open position of the pair of contacts (410), the movable contacts (520, 530) are located on the upper face of the same end (201) of the carriage, while the movable contact (410) is located at the other end (205) to which the connecting rod (350) is connected. The movable contacts (510, 530) are electrically connected by flexible conductive strips (515, 535) forming a mechanical continuity.The input terminal (120) is secured to the junction of the conductive strips (515, 535) ensuring an electrical connection, said input terminal (120) being arranged at the upper face of the housing above the axis (250). Each of these conductive strips (515, 535) has multiple folds in one direction and in the other allowing it to be provided with good elasticity, so as to ensure an electrical connection between the fixed input terminal (120) and the movable contacts (510, 530), said conductive strips not having to undergo irreversible plastic deformation during use and therefore fatigue leading to potential breakage.

[0054] The angle ( ) formed between the terminals of the carriage (200) makes it possible to define the amplitude of the stroke to pass from one electrical switching state, presented in, to the other switching state, presented in. The angle is optimized to minimize the range of the stroke while ensuring that there is an intermediate position of the stroke, presented in, in which all the pairs of contacts (410, 420, 430) are sufficiently open so that an electric arc cannot form at the working voltages considered. This provides, if necessary, an intermediate safety position for which the circuits are not connected.

[0055] The various movable wheels (320, 330) and the connecting rod (350) make it possible to ensure a variable reduction of movement generated by the electric motor (100). This variable reduction makes it possible to maximize the contact force at the start and end of travel, so as to minimize the electrical resistance of the pairs of contacts (410, 420, 430) in the closed state, while maximizing the speed during travel to obtain better switching speed. For this purpose, the second movable wheel (330) rotates about a first metal axis (335) and the connecting rod is secured to this movable wheel (330) by a second axis (355) housed eccentrically relative to the first axis (335). The connecting rod has, near its guidance by the second axis (355), stops (351, 352) making it possible to ensure the stopping of the travel of the carriage in the extreme positions, by bringing the first axis (335) into contact with one or other of these stops (351, 352), as respectively visible inet.

[0056] Of course, the “L” arrangement of the contacts on the upper face of the housing is not strictly necessary for the implementation of the embodiment presented in 12, but other planar configurations are envisaged to maintain the benefits mentioned.

Claims

Motorized contactor comprising pairs of contacts (410, 420, 430) composed of a fixed contact (610, 620, 630) and a movable contact (510, 520, 530), these pairs of contacts each having a closed state where the movable contact (510, 520, 530) is in the position of maximum approach to said associated fixed contact (610, 620, 630) and an open state where the movable contact (510, 520, 530) is as far apart as possible from the associated fixed contact (610, 620, 630), all of the movable contacts being mobilized by at least one carriage (200), as well as an electric actuator (100) controlling the movement of all of said carriage(s) (200) reversibly between a position P1 where a first pair of contacts (410) is at the closing state and at least two pairs of contacts (420, 430) are in the opening state and a position P2 where said first pair of contacts (410) is in the opening state and said at least two pairs of contacts (420,430) are in the closed state, the electric actuator (100) mechanically controlling, via said carriage(s) (200), the forced passage between a closed state and an open state of each of said at least three pairs of contacts (410, 420, 430). characterized in that said motorized contactor comprises exactly three pairs of contacts (410, 420, 430). , Motorized contactor according to claim 1 characterized in that said carriage (200) has interaction zones or cams, or connecting rods, configured to interact mechanically, during the movement stroke between a starting position and an arrival position, first with the contacts (410, 420, 430) to be opened and only after with the contacts (410, 420, 430) to be closed. Motorized contactor according to claim 1 characterized in that the carriage (200) is movable in rotation. Motorized contactor according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises exactly three pairs of contacts (410, 420, 430). Motorized contactor according to claim 1 characterized in that the movable contacts are connected by a connection without degrees of freedom of the embedding type. Motorized contactor according to claim 1 characterized in that in a position P3, intermediate in the travel of the carriage between the positions P1 and P2 of the carriage (200), the at least three pairs of contacts (410, 420, 430) are in the open state. Motorized contactor according to claim 1 characterized in that the positions P1 and P2 are extreme positions of the travel of the carriage (200). Motorized contactor according to claim 5 characterized in that in a position P4, intermediate in the travel of the carriage between the positions P1 and P2 of the carriage (200), the first pair of contacts (410) and at least one of the two other pairs of contacts (420, 430) are in the open state and the other of the two other pairs of contacts (420, 430) is in the closed state. Electrical system comprising a battery (30) provided with two accumulators (31, 32) each provided with a positive termination ( , and a negative ending ( , , as well as a positive ending , a negative ending and a motorized contactor (10) according to claim 1, the positive termination of one of said accumulators (31, 32) is connected to the positive termination of the electrical system, and the positive termination of the other of said accumulators (31, 32) is connected to the negative termination of the electrical system, characterized in that said motorized contactor (10) controls the electrical connection of the positive termination and the negative ending of said accumulators (31, 32) between them or at the terminations And of the electrical system. Electrical system according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the 4 terminations are connected to the fixed contacts (610, 620, 630) so that in position P1, the two accumulators are connected in series to the terminations of the electrical system, and in position P2 the two accumulators are connected in parallel to the terminations of the electrical system. Electrical system according to claim 8 characterized in that in position P4, only one of the two accumulators is connected to the terminations of the electrical system. Electrical system comprising a battery provided with N accumulators, N being greater than or equal to 2, a load and a motorized contactor according to claim 1, characterized in that said motorized contactor controls the power supply of the load by said N batteries, said contactor being capable of connecting the accumulators in series or in parallel. Electrical system according to claim 3 characterized in that two movable contacts (410, 420) are located at one end of the carriage (200) in a coplanar manner and in that the third movable contact (430) is located at the other end of the carriage (200), said carriage being articulated in rotation between the two ends. Electrical system according to the preceding claim, characterized in that two coplanar movable contacts (410, 420) and the third movable contact (430) form an angle of between 120° and 180°.

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