Firearm

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of semi-automatic and automatic firearms. The present firearm includes a removable box magazine for receiving ammunition, a receiver with a firing mechanism mounted therein and with an aperture for receiving the upper part of the magazine, and, attached to the receiver, a slide with a barrel, and a handgrip containing a cavity for connection to the receiver, a compartment for receiving the magazine and an assembly for securing the magazine. In a first embodiment, the aperture in the receiver and the compartment for receiving the magazine are configured to allow adjustment of the mounting angle "β" of the magazine in relation to the axis of symmetry of the slide. In a second embodiment, the aperture in the receiver is configured to allow adjustment of the mounting angle "β" of the magazine in relation to the axis of symmetry of the slide. The invention makes it possible to prevent the deformation of ammunition during loading from the magazine into the barrel and to reduce the dispersion of bullets on a trajectory.

Description

[0001] Firearms

[0002] Field of technology

[0003] The invention relates to the field of semi-automatic and automatic firearms, including a detachable box magazine with ammunition.

[0004] Prior art

[0005] The relevance of creating firearms with the ability to configure them for effective firing of selected types of ammunition is due to the increased popularity of modular weapons, which include a basic receiver with a set of replaceable handles and replaceable barrels, but do not allow for the effective use of all known types of ammunition created in the caliber of a given weapon.

[0006] A modular firearm with a set of interchangeable barrels for firing 7.62*51 mm (308 Win) or 5.56*45 mm (223 Rem) ammunition is known by replacing the barrel type and the type of detachable magazine according to patent US 9,459,060 B2 dated 04.10.2016, IPC F41A 11 / 02, htps: / / patents.google.com / patent / US9459060B2 / en.

[0007] However, this weapon does not provide for weapon adjustment or the use of special magazines to reduce the deformation of all known types of 7.62*51 mm (308 Win) and 5.56*45 mm (223 Rem) ammunition when loading from the magazine into the barrel. For example, in the Vihtavuori Reloading Guide 2023, pages 23-27 and 61-68, bullets weighing from 2.6 g to 5.8 g are listed for 223 Rem ammunition and bullets weighing from 6.5 g to 14.3 g for 308 Win ammunition. Such a difference in bullet weight from 2.6 g to 14.3 g (5.5 times) significantly affects the inertial parameters of the ammunition, which determine the trajectory of its loading from the magazine into the barrel. At the same time, a change in the length and design of the bullet can change the inertial parameters of the ammunition and require the use of a special magazine.For example, changing the length and design of the 5.56 mm M855A1 bullet relative to the M855 bullet while maintaining the weight of the bullets (4.0 g) changed the inertial parameters and trajectory of feeding the 5.56 * 45 mm ammunition from the magazine into the barrel chamber. This required the development of a new magazine, in which the nose of the ammunition is raised to prevent the nose of the M855A1 bullet from hitting the end of the chamber when feeding the ammunition from the magazine into the barrel (see the "Feeding Problems" section in the article "The M855A1" published on 11 / 12 / 2017 on the Internet portal "Small Arms Solutions LLC" on the website: htps: / / smallarmssolutions.com / home / the-m855a1).

[0008] SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) It is known that magazines for small arms are designed for ammunition with a certain bullet weight, for which they provide the so-called impact-free feeding of ammunition from the magazine into the barrel, when the bullet does not hit the end of the chamber or does not hit the side wall of the chamber hard. The same magazines are used when firing other types of ammunition, the bullet weight of which is different. For all types of ammunition, a delay in firing due to the bullet hitting the chamber is not allowed, but a glancing blow of the bullet to the end of the chamber and / or to the wall of the chamber is allowed when feeding ammunition from the magazine into the barrel. However, when the ammunition is automatically fed from the magazine into the barrel at a speed of 6 - 8 m / s, the bullet bends in the cartridge case when it hits the chamber, and the bullet asymmetrically enters the rifling of the barrel bore, accelerates in the barrel with increased nutation and flies out of the barrel with an increased initial angle of attack, which increases the dispersion of the bullets.Moreover, the speed of 6 - 8 m / s of loading ammunition into the barrel during automatic fire is equivalent to the speed of ammunition when it falls from a height of 1.8 - 3.2 m, respectively. According to technical requirements, ammunition for small arms should not be damaged when falling from a height of 1.5 m and hitting a steel plate. However, the impact energy of the ammunition loaded into the chamber includes the mass and speed of the bolt that loads the ammunition, which is 10 - 20 times greater than the impact energy of the ammunition when it falls from a height of 1.5 m.

[0009] The effect of bullet mass on the loading of ammunition from the magazine into the barrel was studied in the implementation of the patent "Cavitating core of underwater ammunition" RU 2 268455 C1 dated 20.01.2006, https: / / patents.google.com / patent / RU2268455C1 / ru. When firing from AKM and AK-74 assault rifles in the air and in water with 7.62 * 39 mm and 5.45 * 39 mm ammunition with an underwater bullet, the bullet tip was not allowed to hit the end and / or the wall of the barrel chamber when loading the ammunition from the magazine into the barrel. This requirement is justified by the fact that an underwater bullet with a deformed tip (cavitator) and with an increased initial angle of attack can fly in the air, but cannot form a symmetrical cavity when moving at high speed in water. When determining the effect of bullet mass on the loading of ammunition from the magazine into the chamber, the part of the underwater bullet protruding from the cartridge case was painted with a marker to determine the traces of the bullet impact into the chamber.As a result of these studies, the feeding jaws of standard magazines for the AKM and AK-74 assault rifles were modified to ensure an optimal angle "<p" between the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the upper ammunition in the magazine and the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the barrel. For example, the nose of the ammunition with a "heavy" underwater bullet was raised in the magazines and the nose of the ammunition with a "light" training underwater bullet was lowered. This required the use of 2 types.

[0010] SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) special magazines in AK-74 and AKM assault rifles and created a problem with the logistics of using 3 types of magazines in assault rifles.

[0011] The problem of using special magazines for the impact-free loading of ammunition with a fed bullet from the magazine into the barrel is solved in the invention "Cavitating core of firearm ammunition" under patents RU 2 722 891 C1 dated 04.06.2020, https: / / patents.google.com / patent / RU2722891C1 / ru, EP 4 024 002 B1 dated 12.06.2024 and US 12,163,769 B2 dated 10.12.2024, according to which the bullet nose is protected by a plastic cap that separates when fired, but this solution cannot be applied to all known various bullet designs.

[0012] The effect of bullets of different weights on the loading of 7.62*51 mm (308 Win) and 5.56x45 mm (223 Rem) ammunition from the magazine into the barrel was studied in the implementation of the invention "Small Arms Ammunition Bullet" under patents RU 2 597431 C2 dated 10.09.2016, https: / / patents.google.com / patent / RU2597431C2 / ru, US 10,386,164 B2 dated 20.08.2019 and EP 4 071 437 B1 dated 20.12.2023. In this case, the symmetry of the bullet nose relative to the outer surface of the cartridge case body was measured before and after loading the ammunition from the magazine into the barrel. As a result, it was confirmed that the curvature of the ammunition during loading, namely, the increase in the runout of the bullet nose relative to the outer surface of the cartridge case, contributes to the asymmetric entry of the bullet into the rifling of the barrel bore, increased nutation of the bullet in the barrel, the flight of the bullet from the barrel with an increased initial angle of attack and an increase in the dispersion of bullets along the trajectory.

[0013] It is known that high-precision sniper rifles have manual loading to eliminate problems with ammunition deformation during its automatic loading from a standard magazine into the chamber, since the use of special magazines for the shockless loading of a group of ammunition with a certain bullet mass is considered inappropriate from a logistics point of view. At the same time, modular weapons with a set of replaceable handles and barrels are considered appropriate from a logistics point of view.

[0014] A modular firearm is known that contains a detachable box magazine for 9x19mm (9mm Luger) ammunition, a receiver with a set of replaceable handles and replaceable bolts with replaceable barrels in accordance with patent application US 2009 / 0071053 A1 dated 19.03.2009, IPC F41A 11 / 02, https: / / patents.google.com / patent / US20090071053A1 / en.

[0015] The closest analogue (prototype) of this invention is a modular firearm, including a detachable box magazine for 9x19mm (9mm Luger) ammunition, a receiver with a set of replaceable handles and

[0016] SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) of replaceable bolts with replaceable barrels according to patent US 10,119,777 B2 dated 06.11.2018, IPC F41A 11 / 02, https: / / patents.google.com / patent / US10119777B2 / en.

[0017] It is known that 9*19mm (9mm Luger) ammunition uses bullets weighing from 5.8g to 10.7g, see the reference book "Vihtavuori Reloading Guide 2023" pp. 98 - 100, https: / / www.vihtavuori.com / wp-content / uploads / 2023 / 03 / Vihtavuori_Reloading_Guide_2023_ENG.pdf

[0018] In addition, 9x19mm (9mm Luger) ammunition with a 7N31 bullet weighing 4.1 g is known, for example, see the website: https: / / en.wikipedia.org / wiki / 9x19mm_Parabellum. Also known are 9x19mm (9mm Luger) ammunition with a THV "Tres Haute Vites" bullet weighing 2.9 g (see the magazine Foreign Military Review No. 12, 1986, pp. 26-27).

[0019] For 9x19mm (9mm Luger) ammunition, cavitating bullets weighing 6.7 - 10.5 g have also been developed according to the invention "Cavitating core" under patents RU 2 316 718 C1 dated 10.02.2008, https: / / patents.google.com / patent / RU2316718C1 / ru, US 8,082,851 B2 dated 27.12.2011 and EP 2 053 342 B1 dated 18.06.2014. At the same time, the operability of the Glock 17 pistol when firing in the air and in water with these 9*19mm (9mm Luger) ammunition with a cavitating bullet has been confirmed.

[0020] This difference in bullet design and weight from 2.9g to 10.7g (3.7 times) in 9x19mm (9mm Luger) ammunition significantly affects their inertial parameters, which determine the trajectory of the ammunition being sent from the magazine to the barrel chamber.

[0021] However, in the specified analogue and prototype, the table receiver has guide walls for precise installation of the magazine in the weapon, which does not provide for adjusting the weapon or magazine to reduce the deformation of the ammunition when feeding all types of 9x19mm (9mm Luger) ammunition with different bullet weights from the magazine into the barrel. Also, there is no provision for adjusting the weapon or changing the magazine installation position to reduce the deformation of the ammunition when feeding it from the magazine into the barrel in the design of the receiver of the pistol - an analogue of patent US 9,303,936 B2 dated 05.04.2016 IPC F41A 17 / 62, https: / / patents.google.com / patent / US9303936B2 / en. At the same time, the pistol magazines have short feed lips for holding short cartridges of pistol ammunition, which complicates the modification of the feed lips of the magazine to reduce the deformation of various types of ammunition when feeding them from the magazine into the barrel.For example, no modification of the feed jaws is provided for in the magazine for the prototype pistol in patent US 10,190,835 B2 dated 01 / 29 / 2019, IPC F41A 9 / 70, https: / / patents.google.com / patent / US10190835B2 / en, as well as in the magazine for the analog pistol in patent application US 2023 / 0243610 A1 dated 08 / 03 / 2023, IPC F41A 9 / 70, https: / / patents.google.com / patent / US20230243610A1 / en.

[0022] SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) It should be noted that the bullets of 9*1 EMM (9mm Luger) pistol ammunition have a short leading part 0.7 - 0.9 caliber long, which cannot ensure a strong fastening of the bullet in the case and has a small area of ​​contact with the rifling of the barrel bore. Bullets of pistol ammunition are not compressed in the cases and can change orientation in the case when striking the wall of the barrel chamber. Even with a glancing blow to the wall of the chamber, a short EMM bullet can bend in the case and enter the rifling of the barrel bore with an initial angle of attack, which cannot be reduced by the small length and area of ​​contact of the bullet with the rifling of the barrel bore. As a result, the EMM bullet will fly out of the barrel with an increased angle of attack, which deflects the trajectory of the bullet, worsens the accuracy of fire and increases the dispersion of bullets in a series of shots.

[0023] Comparative shooting at a distance of 50 m with 9* 19 mm (9mm Luger) ammunition from a ballistic barrel and a Glock 17 pistol fixed in a stand showed an increase in the dispersion of "heavy" bullets (9.7 g) "Lapua" and underwater bullets (10.5 g), as well as "light" bullets (5.8 g) "Hornady" and underwater bullets (6.7 g) during automatic shooting from a pistol. At the same time, EMM bullets of medium weight (7.46 - 7.51 g) of ammunition from various companies "Sellier & Bellot", "Remington", "Barnaul", "Wincester", "MEN" and "Fiocchi" showed approximately the same dispersion when shooting from a pistol and a ballistic barrel. Of course, the dispersion of bullets was different for ammunition from different companies, but the same in a series of shots with ammunition from one company. These tests showed that in this Glock 17 pistol, ammunition with medium-weight bullets deforms less when loaded from the magazine into the barrel than ammunition with "heavy" and "light" bullets, which showed increased dispersion.These results were confirmed by measuring the beating of the nose of bullets of different masses relative to the outer surface of the cartridge case before and after the ammunition was automatically loaded from the magazine into the barrel.

[0024] The essence of the invention

[0025] The objective of this invention is to prevent the deformation of ammunition during its automatic loading from the magazine into the barrel and to reduce the dispersion of bullets when firing from a firearm.

[0026] The solution to the stated problem is achieved in that in a firearm comprising a detachable box magazine for placing ammunition, a receiver with a trigger mechanism installed inside and with a window for installing the upper part of the magazine, a bolt with a barrel attached to the receiver and a handle containing at least a cavity for attaching the receiver, a compartment for placing the magazine and a magazine fixation unit, according to the invention, in a longitudinal axial section of the weapon in the plane of the magazine, the window in the receiver and the compartment for placing the magazine are designed with the possibility of changing the angle "P" of installing the magazine relative to the axis of symmetry of the bolt, wherein the angle "<p" between the axis of symmetry of the barrel and the axis of symmetry of the ammunition installed in the magazine, measured from the side of the muzzle of the barrel before the start of feeding the ammunition from the magazine into the barrel, is selected in the range of 1 - 8 degrees,and the magazine compartment is equipped with a shaft to ensure the installation of the magazine at the selected angle "f", while the angle "p" of the magazine installation relative to the axis of symmetry of the bolt is determined by the equation:,

[0027] Р = 180° - а - <р - , where.

[0028] P is the angle between the inner surface of the rear wall of the magazine housing with a height equal to the diameter of the bottom end of the ammunition installed in the magazine and the axis of symmetry of the bolt, measured from the side of the muzzle end of the barrel, degrees; a = 60°...90° is the angle between the inner surface of the rear wall of the magazine housing with a height equal to the diameter of the bottom end of the ammunition installed in the magazine and the axis of symmetry of the said ammunition, measured from the side of the bottom end of the said ammunition, degrees;

[0029] Ф = 1°...8° - the angle between the axis of symmetry of the barrel and the axis of symmetry of the ammunition installed in the magazine, measured from the side of the muzzle of the barrel before the ammunition is loaded from the magazine into the barrel, degrees;

[0030] Ф = 0°...5° - the angle between the axis of symmetry of the barrel and the axis of symmetry of the bolt, measured from the side of the muzzle of the barrel before the ammunition is fed from the magazine into the barrel, degrees.

[0031] Within the framework of the present invention, the inner surface of the rear wall of the magazine body with a height equal to the diameter of the bottom end of the ammunition installed in the magazine is understood to be a section of the magazine wall measured from its upper edge. This is due to the fact that in a magazine installed in a weapon it is difficult to measure the angles "P" and "a" relative to the outer surface of the magazine. Moreover, box-type magazines of firearms for using ammunition with a bottle-shaped case have rounded walls of the magazine. Straight double-row and single-row box magazines have straight walls, therefore the inner surface of the rear wall of the magazine body can theoretically have a height of up to 4 - 7 diameters of the bottom end of the ammunition installed in the magazine. However, absolutely straight magazines do not exist due to the presence of tolerances for deviations in size and curvature of the surface of any magazine, which can bend during operation.Therefore, even in relatively straight magazines, for correct measurement of angles "P" and "a", it is necessary to use the inner surface of the rear wall of the magazine body with a height equal to the diameter of the bottom end of the ammunition installed in the magazine. Measurement of angles "P" and "a" is possible with mechanical angle meters known in this field of technology according to the method described below.

[0032] Within the framework of the present invention, the grip is understood to be a part of a firearm attached to the receiver, intended for holding the weapon with one or two hands during firing. In this case, the cavity for accommodating the magazine can be located both inside the fire control handle held by the shooter's hand, and outside the said handle in a weapon made according to the traditional scheme with the handle behind the magazine or according to the bullpup scheme with the handle in front of the magazine.

[0033] The set of features of the invention, specified in the independent claim, reduces the dispersion of bullets when firing from a firearm, and has the following differences from the prototype and the known level of technology:

[0034] - the design of the receiver and magazine compartment allow changing the angle "P" of the magazine installation in the weapon to select the optimal angle "f" between the axis of symmetry of the barrel and the axis of symmetry of the ammunition installed in the magazine, which prevents deformation of the ammunition when it is loaded from the magazine into the barrel;

[0035] - the magazine compartment is equipped with a shaft that ensures the angle "p" of magazine installation at the optimal angle "f" when setting up and using the weapon with certain types of ammunition.

[0036] To meet the conditions of this invention, the angle "ф" between the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the barrel and the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the upper ammunition in the magazine, measured before the start of loading the ammunition from the magazine into the barrel chamber, is selected in the range of 1 - 8 degrees. Moreover, in pistols with a short barrel stroke, for example, "SIG Sauer" and "Glock" (analog and prototype of this invention), it is necessary to take into account the angle "ф" of the barrel tilt during its recoil with a decrease in the barrel chamber when opening the bolt and before the start of loading the ammunition from the magazine into the barrel chamber, which can be in the range Ф = 1 ° ... 5 °. In pistols and submachine guns with a free bolt, the barrel is stationary, and the angle "ф" can be in the range ф = 0 ° ... 1 °.

[0037] A decrease in the angle "ф" of less than 1 degree leads to a tangential impact of a "heavy" bullet into the lower end of the chamber, and an increase in the angle "ф" of more than 8 degrees leads to a tangential impact of a "light" bullet into the upper end of the chamber during automatic feeding of ammunition from the magazine into the barrel, especially in weapons with a short barrel stroke and a decrease in the barrel chamber in the well-known models of "Glock" and "SIG Sauer" pistols.

[0038] Since the angle "cp" is selected in the range of 1 - 8 degrees, the range of change of the angle "P" does not exceed 7 degrees. However, the value of the angle "P" significantly depends on the type of magazine, since the angle "a" of installing the upper ammunition in the magazine relative to the magazine body may differ in magazines of different types of firearms. For example, in the Luger P08 pistol, the angle "a" is ~ 60 °, since the angle of inclination of the handle to the barrel axis is -120 ° (see https: / / en.wikipedia.org / wiki / Luger pistol). In machine guns, rifles and submachine guns, the angle "a" can be increased to 90 °, since the upper part of the straight or rounded horn magazine is installed in the receiver almost perpendicular to the barrel axis.

[0039] The optimal angles "<p" and "P" are determined in each weapon model, for each type of ammunition used and type of magazine separately according to the following method:

[0040] - the part of the bullet of the ammunition used protruding from the cartridge case is painted with a marker;

[0041] - this ammunition with a painted bullet is installed in the selected type of magazine and sent into the barrel of the weapon under the action of the return spring without firing;

[0042] - after removing the ammunition from the barrel, the place where the painted bullet hit the chamber is determined by traces of damage to the paint on the bullet;

[0043] - if the paintwork in the lower part of the bullet is damaged, it is necessary to increase the angle "<p", and if the paintwork in the upper part of the bullet is damaged, it is necessary to decrease the angle "ф" by changing the angle "P" of the magazine installation relative to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the bolt;

[0044] - minor damage to the paint on the bullet shows that the bullet does not hit the wall of the chamber when the ammunition is fed from the magazine into the barrel chamber, and the angles "f" and "P" are pre-selected correctly in this weapon.

[0045] It is advisable to confirm the correctness of the choice of angles "ф" and "Р" by automatically chambering the selected type of ammunition with a painted bullet, since after a shot the bolt speed is always higher after it bounces off the butt plate of the receiver than the bolt speed only under the action of the return spring without a shot. With automatic chambering, ammunition with a painted bullet is chambered from the magazine into the barrel automatically after a shot with this type of ammunition, and after chambering it is removed from the barrel to determine the place of impact of the bullet into the chamber by traces of damage to the paint on the bullet. Minor damage to the paint on the bullet after automatic chambering of ammunition from the magazine into the barrel chamber shows that the bullet does not hit the wall of the chamber, and the angles "ф" the weapons are chosen correctly.

[0046] To analyze the magnitude of the deformation of the ammunition when the paint on the bullet is damaged, it is necessary to measure the runout of the bullet nose relative to the outer surface of the cartridge case before and after automatic and / or non-automatic loading of the ammunition from the magazine into the barrel and compare the results.

[0047] In addition, the solution to the stated problem is achieved in that in a firearm including a detachable box magazine for placing ammunition, a receiver with a trigger mechanism installed inside and with a window for installing the upper part of the magazine, a bolt with a barrel attached to the receiver and a handle containing at least a cavity for attaching the receiver, a compartment for placing the magazine and a magazine locking unit, according to the invention, in the longitudinal axial section of the weapon in the plane of the magazine, the window in the receiver is made with the possibility of changing the angle "P" of installing the magazine relative to the axis of symmetry of the bolt, wherein the angle "φ" between the axis of symmetry of the barrel and the axis of symmetry of the ammunition installed in the magazine, measured from the side of the muzzle of the barrel before the start of feeding the ammunition from the magazine into the barrel is selected in the range of 1 - 8 degrees, and the compartment for placing the magazine ensures the installation of the magazine at the selected angle "φ",in this case, the angle "P" of the magazine installation relative to the axis of symmetry of the bolt is determined by the equation: p = 180° - a - f - c|, where:,

[0048] P is the angle between the inner surface of the rear wall of the magazine housing with a height equal to the diameter of the bottom end of the ammunition installed in the magazine and the axis of symmetry of the bolt, measured from the side of the muzzle end of the barrel, degrees; a = 60°...90° is the angle between the inner surface of the rear wall of the magazine housing with a height equal to the diameter of the bottom end of the ammunition installed in the magazine and the axis of symmetry of the said ammunition, measured from the side of the bottom end of the said ammunition, degrees;

[0049] Ф = 1°...8° - angle between the axis of symmetry of the barrel and the axis of symmetry of the ammunition installed in the magazine, measured from the side of the muzzle of the barrel before the start of feeding the ammunition from the magazine into the barrel, degrees; Ф = 0°...5° - angle between the axis of symmetry of the barrel and the axis of symmetry of the bolt, measured from the side of the muzzle of the barrel before the start of feeding the ammunition from the magazine into the barrel, degrees.

[0050] The set of features of the invention, specified in the second independent claim, reduces the dispersion of bullets when firing from a firearm, and has the following differences from the prototype and the known level of technology:

[0051] - the design of the receiver allows changing the angle " " of the magazine installation in the weapon to select the optimal angle "<p" between the axis of symmetry of the barrel and the axis of symmetry of the ammunition installed in the magazine, which prevents deformation of the ammunition when it is loaded from the magazine into the barrel;

[0052] - the magazine compartment provides a "0" angle for installing the magazine at a selected "<" angle for using the weapon with certain types of ammunition.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the weapon is designed with the possibility of changing the handle, and for firing ammunition with different bullet weights, the weapon is provided with at least two replaceable handles, each of which is configured for the use of a specific type of ammunition.

[0054] This variant increases the efficiency of the invention by using replaceable handles, each of which provides the orientation of the magazine for a certain angle "0" of installing the magazine in the weapon, taking into account the angle " ", selected in the range of 1 - 8 degrees for the type of ammunition used with a certain bullet mass. In this case, using each replaceable handle, it is possible to effectively use many types of ammunition with approximately the same bullet mass.

[0055] In one embodiment of the invention, the weapon is equipped with a replaceable bolt with a barrel, which have increased longitudinal dimensions relative to the first bolt with a barrel.

[0056] This variant increases the efficiency of the invention by using a longer barrel when adjusting the weapon to fire the selected type of ammunition, but with increased initial velocity and muzzle energy of the bullet.

[0057] In one embodiment of the invention, the weapon is equipped with a replaceable bolt with a barrel, which have reduced longitudinal dimensions relative to the first bolt with a barrel.

[0058] This variant increases the efficiency of the invention by using a shortened barrel when adjusting the weapon to fire the selected type of ammunition, but with a reduced initial bullet velocity, for example, for conducting training and practice shooting with a reduced recoil impulse when firing.

[0059] In an embodiment of the invention, the weapon is provided with at least one additional handle, the external configuration of which has ergonomic differences from the external configuration of the main handle.

[0060] This variant increases the efficiency of the invention by using replaceable handles in modular weapons, each of which can be convenient from the point of view of ergonomics for better holding of the weapon when firing a certain type of ammunition or from the point of view of compactness for concealed carrying of the weapon.

[0061] Brief description of the drawings

[0062] The invention is explained in more detail using specific examples of its implementation, which in no way limit the scope of claims, but are intended only for a better understanding of its essence by a specialist.

[0063] In describing examples of a specific implementation of the invention, references are given to the accompanying drawings, which show:

[0064] - Fig. 1 - an example of the implementation of the invention in a firearm configured for firing 9x1 EMM (9mm Luger) ammunition with a medium-weight bullet;

[0065] - Fig. 2 - an example of the implementation of the invention in a firearm configured for firing EH 19mm (9mm Luger) ammunition with a “heavy” bullet;

[0066] - Fig. 3 - an example of the invention being implemented in a firearm configured to fire 9x19mm (9mm Luger) ammunition with a "light" bullet;

[0067] - Fig. 4 - an example of the implementation of the invention in a firearm configured to fire two types of 9x19mm (9mm Luger) ammunition;

[0068] - Fig. 5 - the second example of the implementation of the invention in a firearm configured to fire the selected type of ammunition 9x19mm (9mm Luger);

[0069] - Fig. 6 - a second example of the invention in a firearm with precise adjustment for firing the selected type of ammunition 9x1 Emm (9mm Luger).

[0070] It should be noted that the same reference numbers designated in the drawings refer to the same parts and units. Moreover, not every element of the design can be designated in each drawing, which, for the purpose of better disclosure of the essence of this invention, are not necessarily drawn to scale, and the weapon adjustment angles "<p", "P", "a", " " and "5" are rounded to an accuracy of one degree for ease of presentation. Preferred embodiment of the invention

[0071] Fig. 1 shows an axial longitudinal section in the plane of a firearm magazine when its moving parts are moved to the extreme rear position before the ammunition is loaded from the magazine into the barrel. The weapon is made according to the scheme of the well-known pistol "Glock 17" with a short barrel stroke and a decrease in the chamber when the barrel recoils with the formation of an angle "ф" between the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the barrel and the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the bolt.

[0072] The weapon includes a detachable magazine 1 for the Glock 17 pistol with 2 9mm Luger (9* 19mm) ammunition, a receiver 3 with a trigger mechanism 4 of the known Glock 17 pistol installed inside and a window 5 designed to install the upper part of the magazine 1 to a limit stop 11 located in the receiver 3. Attached to the top of the receiver 3 is a bolt 6 with a barrel 7 of the known Glock 17 pistol with the ability to move longitudinally when loading / unloading the weapon and when firing. Attached to the bottom of the receiver 3 is a handle 8 containing a cavity 9 for attaching the receiver 3, a compartment 10 for placing the magazine 1 and a magazine locking unit 19.

[0073] In the plane of the axial longitudinal section of the weapon, compartment 10 has the shape of a trapezoid, where the upper base is equal to the longitudinal dimension of the magazine body 1, and the angle of the lateral sides of the trapezoid is 7°, since the range of angle variation does not exceed 7 degrees. Angular gaps "5i" and "бг" are formed between the magazine body 1 and the walls of compartment 10. The longitudinal dimension of window 5 in receiver 3 exceeds the longitudinal dimension of magazine body 1, and gaps are formed between magazine body 1 and the walls of window 5. The said gaps between magazine body 1 and the walls of window 5, as well as angular gaps "61" and "бг" in compartment 10 make it possible to rotate magazine 1 around the point of contact of magazine body 1 with upper stop 11 of the magazine and to change the angle "P" of installation of magazine 1 relative to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of bolt 6.

[0074] The geometry and design of the magazine compartment 10 and the magazine fixation unit 19 provide orientation and fastening of the magazine 1 at an angle "P" at the selected angle "φ". The orientation of the magazine 1 in the upper part of the compartment 10 is provided by the dimensions of the compartment 10 and the upper stop 11 of the magazine. The orientation of the magazine 1 in the lower part of the compartment 10 is provided by the shaft 12 with a central window for the passage of the magazine 1 with minimal gaps between the walls of the magazine 1 body and the walls of the window. In this case, an expansion neck is made in the window of the shaft 12 for the convenience of installing the magazine 1 and for a constant contact area with the magazine 1 body at different angles "<p" and "P". To enable movement of shaft 12, a cavity 16 is made in the lower part of compartment 10, the depth of which is limited by the cavity for installing nut 15, and an opening 17 is also made for stud 13. Fastening of threaded stud 13 to shaft 12 is ensured by grooves 14 of stud 13 installed in the slot of shaft 12.Nut 15 with external knurling is inserted into the cavity in handle 8 and screwed onto stud 13.

[0075] The fastening of the magazine 1 in the compartment 10 is ensured by the spring-loaded retainer 19, which enters the groove of the magazine 1 to the Glock 17 pistol. In this case, the retainer 19 presses the upper part of the magazine body 1 to the rear wall of the compartment 10, which ensures not only the fastening of the magazine in the compartment, but also the orientation of the magazine 1 in the compartment 10. The design of the retainer 19 is similar to the design of the retainer 21 of the magazine to the Glock pistol, shown in Figs. 4 - 6, but has increased longitudinal dimensions taking into account the insignificant longitudinal movement of the magazine body 1 when changing the angle "P" of the magazine installation in the weapon.

[0076] The movement of the shaft 12 with a change in the angles "61", "62", "P" and "ф" when adjusting the weapon for using the selected type of ammunition is carried out by rotating the nut 15, for example, with the shooter's finger. In this design, the screw 13 and nut 15 have a standard thread M5 * 0.8 mm, which ensures the movement of the shaft 12 by 0.8 mm per one turn of the nut 15. Since the rotation arm of the magazine 1 from the point of its contact with the upper stop 11 to the shaft 12 is approximately 90 mm, each turn of the nut 15 changes the angle "P" by 0.5 degrees. This allows for accurate differentiation of the angles "ф" and "P" when adjusting the weapon using the above method. The installation height of the bottom end of the upper ammunition 2A in the magazine relative to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the bolt 6 does not change when the magazine 1 is rotated in the range of angles "f" and "P" around the point of its contact with the upper stop 11 when the upper part of the magazine 1 is pressed by the lock 19 to the rear wall of the compartment 10.The stable position of the upper ammunition 2A in the magazine relative to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the bolt 6 ensures stable feeding of ammunition from the magazine 1 into the barrel 7 in this weapon.

[0077] A variant of a weapon configured for firing ammunition 2 with a 2B bullet weighing 7.5 g using magazine 1 for a Glock 17 pistol is shown in Fig. 1. According to the above-mentioned method, an angle φ = 3° is selected by automatically feeding ammunition 2A from magazine 1 into barrel 7. The exact value of the angle "φ" is measured by a laser target designator (LTD) and a target fixed at a distance of X = 2 m, using the following method: - the LCD body is installed in the bore of barrel 7 of a weapon rigidly fixed on a stand with magazine 1, and a point from the LCD beam is marked on the target;

[0078] - the bolt 6 with the barrel 7 are separated from the receiver 3;

[0079] - the LCC body is installed in the magazine 1 fixed in the weapon, the external dimensions of which imitate ammunition 2A, and a point from the LCC beam is marked on the target;

[0080] - based on the difference in height "h" between the points on the target from the laser sight beams when it is installed in the barrel 7 and in the magazine 1, taking into account the distance to the target (X = 2 m), the angle "ф" is calculated using the formula ф = arctg h / X, namely ф = arctg 110 mm / 2000 mm = 3.17°;

[0081] - to accurately determine the angle "ф", take into account the difference in the installation height of ammunition 2A (LAS body) in the magazine relative to the axis of the barrel bore 7, which in this weapon is 5.3 mm, which introduces a correction of 0.15° when determining the angle "ф";

[0082] - taking into account the correction, the exact value of the angle "ф" is determined, which is equal to Ф = 3.17° - 0.15° = 3.02° - 3.0°.

[0083] Similarly, using the LCC and a target fixed at a distance of X = 2 m, the angle "ф" in a given weapon is determined. In this case, the LCC body is installed in the barrel bore 7 of the weapon fixed on the stand, and points from the LCC beam are marked during the barrel rollback and coasting. Based on the difference in heights "h" between the points on the target from the LCC beams during the barrel rollback and coasting, taking into account the range to the target (X = 2 m), the angle "ф" is calculated using the formula ф = arctg h / X, namely, Ф = arctg 106 mm / 2000 mm = 3.03 ° ~ 3.0 °.

[0084] The value of the angle "a" can be measured with a mechanical protractor, in this case it is necessary to clamp a thin steel ground plate between the inner surface of the rear wall of the magazine body and the bottom end of two ammunition installed in the magazine. In this magazine 1 for the Glock 17 pistol, the angle "a" is 66°. The angle "P" of the installation of the magazine 1 relative to the axis of symmetry of the bolt 6 is calculated using the equation:

[0085] P = 180° - a - f - f = 180 0 - 66° - 3 0 - 3° = 108°

[0086] The actual value of the angle "P" can be measured with a mechanical protractor, in this case it is necessary to separate the bolt 6 from the weapon and remove the spring and follower from the magazine 1, and as the axis of symmetry of the bolt 6 it is necessary to use the surface of the guides of the receiver 3, which are intended for the movable fastening of the bolt and are parallel to the axis of symmetry of the bolt. In this case, the formed angular gaps 5i = 5° and 6g = 2° between the walls of the shaft 10 and the walls of the body of the magazine 1 do not require measurement. The weapon shown in Fig. 1 can be adjusted for firing ammunition with a different bullet weight by rotating the nut 15 and moving the shaft 12 to ensure optimal angles "f" and "P" of adjusting the weapon for another selected type of ammunition.

[0087] Fig. 2 shows an axial longitudinal section in the plane of the magazine of the firearm shown in Fig. 1, but configured to fire ammunition with a "heavy" bullet. In this version of the weapon, 9x19mm (9mm Luger) 22 ammunition with a "heavy" underwater bullet 22B weighing 10.5 g, installed in magazine 1 for the Glock 17 pistol, are selected for firing. According to the above-mentioned method, by automatically feeding the 22A ammunition from magazine 1 into barrel 7, the angle φ = 8° is selected. The value of the angle "φ" is determined using the laser target designator according to the method specified for Fig. 1 and the formula φ = arctg h / X, namely φ = arctg 285 mm / 2000 mm = 8.11°. The exact value of the angle φ = 7.96° is determined taking into account the correction of 0.15°. The angle "P" of the installation of the magazine 1 relative to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the bolt 6, taking into account the angles φ = 3° and a = 66° known for this weapon and magazine, is calculated using the equation:

[0088] P = 180° - a - f - = 180° - 66° - 8° - 3° = 103° In this case, angular gaps of 5i = 0° and 52 = 7° are formed between the walls of the shaft 10 and the walls of the magazine body 1.

[0089] Fig. 3 shows an axial longitudinal section in the plane of the magazine of the firearm shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, but configured for firing ammunition with a "light" bullet. In this version of the weapon, 9x19mm (9mm Luger) 32 ammunition with a "light" bronze bullet THV "Tres Haute Vites" 32B weighing 3.1 g, installed in magazine 1 of the "Glock 17" pistol, are selected for firing. According to the above-mentioned method, by automatically feeding the 32A ammunition from magazine 1 into barrel 7, the angle φ = 1° is selected. The value of the angle "φ" is determined using the laser target designator according to the method specified for Fig. 1 and the formula φ = arctg h / X, namely φ = arctg 45 mm / 2000 mm = 1.28°. The exact value of the angle f = 1.13° is determined taking into account the correction of 0.15°. The angle "P" of the installation of the magazine 1 relative to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the bolt 6, taking into account the angles f = 3° and a = 66° known for this weapon and magazine, is calculated using the equation: p = 180° - a - f - f = 180° - 66° - 1° - 3° = 110°

[0090] In this case, angular gaps 5i = 7° and 5г = 0° are formed between the walls of the shaft 10 and the walls of the magazine body 1.

[0091] It should be noted that the extreme values ​​of angles φ = 1° and φ = 8° shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are used for extreme parameters of bullets that differ in their mass and geometry. For most types of 9* 19mm (9mm Luger) ammunition with an average bullet mass from 7.0g to 8.5g, the optimal values ​​of angles "<p" are limited to the range of φ = 2° - 5°, as was determined by the above-mentioned method by shooting from the weapon shown in Figs. 1 - 3. If ammunition with a reduced difference in bullet mass is used, then it is possible to reduce the angular gaps "61" and "6g" between the magazine 1 and the walls of the compartment 10, which makes it possible to reduce the longitudinal dimensions of the handle 8.

[0092] Fig. 4 shows an axial longitudinal section in the plane of the magazine of a firearm configured to fire 9* 19mm (9mm Luger) ammunition with a 2B bullet weighing 7.5 g, but which can be reconfigured to fire ammunition with a bronze bullet weighing 3.1 g, for example 32B, shown in Fig. 3. This weapon differs from the weapon shown in Figs. 1-3 in that it has a replaceable handle 8A with reduced longitudinal dimensions relative to the handle 8 and a reduced range of angular clearances "5i" and "62" between the magazine 1 and the walls of the compartment 10A to 2°. Moreover, reducing the range of angular clearances "61" and "6g" to 2° reduces the range of variation of the angle "P" to 2°, which makes it possible to secure the magazine 1 in the compartment 10A with the known spring-loaded magazine retainer 21 for the Glock 17 pistol.

[0093] In the lower part of the compartment 10A, a cavity 24 is made for installing a two-position shaft 23 of the magazine with a central window for passing the magazine 1 with minimal gaps between the walls of the body of the magazine 1 and the walls of the window. In this case, in the window of the shaft 23, an expansion neck is made for more convenient installation of the magazine 1 and two holes 25 for a screw 26 for fastening in the handle 8A at the selected installation position of the shaft 23. The holes 25 are made at an equal distance "L" from the outer longitudinal wall of the shaft 23, which ensures the constancy of the external dimensions of the handle 8A when changing the position of the shaft 23. In this case, the holes 25 are made at different distances "Li" and "L2" from the inner surface of the window of the shaft 23. Therefore, when rearranging the shaft 23 with castling of the sizes "Li" and "L2", the orientation of the window in the shaft changes, which allows installing the magazine 1 for two options of angles "ф" and and configure the weapon to use two different types of ammunition.

[0094] In the variant of the weapon shown in Fig. 4, the angles of adjustment of the weapon for ammunition 2 with a 2B bullet weighing 7.5 g are selected, which are indicated in Fig. 1, namely, angles Φ = 3° and p = 108° taking into account angles a = 66° and = 3°. In this case, the angular gaps between the magazine 1 and the walls of the compartment 10A are 61 = 0° and 62 = 2°.

[0095] When rearranging the shaft 23 with the castling of the dimensions "Li" and "L2", the angular clearances between the magazine 1 and the walls of the compartment 10A will change, which will become 5i = 2° and 5g = 0°. In this case, the weapon adjustment angles will change to the values ​​<p = 1° and p = 110°. These angles "<p" and "P" correspond to the weapon adjustment angles for firing ammunition 32 with a "light" bullet 32B weighing 3.1 g, indicated in Fig. 3. This example shows that the use of a two-position shaft 23 of the magazine allows the weapon to be adjusted for firing different types of ammunition with two different types of bullets by weight.

[0096] If different types of ammunition with approximately the same bullet weight are used for shooting, for example, for sports and training shooting, then it is advisable to use a grip in the weapon in which the compartment ensures precise orientation of the magazine at the selected angles "ф" and "Р" for shooting these types of ammunition. At the same time, in a modular weapon, it is always possible to replace one grip with a replaceable grip with other angles "ф" and "Р" of weapon adjustment for using other types of ammunition.

[0097] Fig. 5 shows a longitudinal axial section in the plane of the magazine of a firearm for firing 9*19 mm ammunition (9mm Luger) with a bullet weighing 7.5 g, shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4. This weapon differs from the weapon shown in Fig. 4 by a replaceable handle 18, in which a compartment 20 ensures precise orientation of the magazine 1 at the selected angles "ф" and "р" for firing this type of ammunition. The magazine 1 is secured in compartment 20 by a spring-loaded magazine retainer 21 for the Glock 17 pistol and there are no angular gaps (61 = 62 = 0°) between the walls of the magazine 1 body and the walls of compartment 20. At the same time, there are technological gaps between the walls of the magazine 1 body and the walls of compartment 20 for installing the magazine, as well as tolerances on the dimensions of compartment 20 in the handle 18 molded from plastic and on the dimensions of the magazine body.

[0098] As a first approximation, when using in a weapon (Fig. 5) a known type of ammunition 2 with a 2B bullet weighing 7.5 g and a magazine 1 for a Glock 17 pistol, it is possible to select the weapon adjustment angles for ammunition 2 indicated in Fig. 1, namely, the angles φ = 3° and ρ = 108° taking into account the angles a = 66° and φ = 3°.

[0099] When using another type of ammunition in the weapon (Fig. 5), for example, with a "heavy" underwater bullet 22V weighing 10.5 g and a magazine 1 for the Glock 17 pistol, it is possible to select the weapon adjustment angles for ammunition 22, which are indicated in Fig. 2, namely, the angles φ = 8° and P = 103° taking into account the angles a = 66° and φ = 3°.

[0100] However, real weapons are always manufactured with tolerances on the linear and angular dimensions of parts and assemblies. The correctness of the choice of the angles "ф" and "Р" of the adjustment of the weapon shown in Figs. 1 - 3 with the shaft 12 does not raise any doubts, since such precise adjustment is carried out for each weapon and takes into account the tolerances on the dimensions of the weapon. In this case, it is advisable to check the correctness of the adjustment angles of the weapon <р = 3° and р = 108°, shown in Fig. 5 with the handle 18, which are selected using the results of the weapon adjustment indicated in Fig. 1. Such a check should be carried out according to the above method by feeding ammunition with a painted bullet from the magazine into the barrel. In this case, it is necessary to use a set of replaceable handles 18 with different angles "р" of installing the magazine 1, for example, Pi = 107°, Рг = 108°, рз = 109° and determine the best option for the handle 18 when firing the selected type of ammunition and type of magazine. The shooter can carry out such adjustment of the weapon himself.The cost of a molded plastic grip 18 for a modular weapon is approximately 5% of the total cost of the modular weapon. Therefore, purchasing a set of replacement grips 18 with different angles "P" of installing the magazine 1 cannot cause problems if you want to ensure the optimal angle "f" for obtaining good shooting accuracy results, for which each weapon is purchased.

[0101] Fig. 6 shows a longitudinal axial section in the plane of a magazine of a firearm configured to fire 9* 19 mm (9mm Luger) 2 ammunition with a 2B bullet weighing 7.5 g and angles φ = 3° and ρ = 108°, but which has the following differences from the weapon shown in Fig. 5. In the lower part of the compartment 20, a cavity 24 is made for installing a shaft 27 of the magazine with a central window for passing the magazine 1 with minimal gaps between the walls of the body of the magazine 1 and the walls of the window. In this case, in the window of the shaft 27, an expansion neck is made for more convenient installation of the magazine 1 and two holes 25 for a screw 26 for fastening in the handle 18A. Moreover, the holes 25 are made at an equal distance "S" from the outer longitudinal wall of the shaft 27, which ensures the constancy of the external dimensions of the handle 18A in any installation position of the shaft 27. In this weapon, there are theoretically no angular gaps (5i = 62 = 0°) between the walls of the magazine body 1 and the walls of the compartment 20.However, technological gaps between the walls of the magazine housing 1 and the walls of the compartment 20 always exist, and there are also tolerances on the dimensions of the compartment 20 in the plastic molded handle 18A and on the dimensions of the magazine housing 1. In one embodiment, the openings 25 are made at an equal distance "Si" and "S2" from the inner surface of the shaft window 27. This option compensates for the technological gaps between the walls of the magazine housing 1 and the walls of the compartment 20, which allows for more accurate installation of the magazine 1 in the compartment 20 at the selected angles "ф" and "Р". In another embodiment, the openings 25 are made at slightly different distances "Si" and "S2" from the inner surface of the shaft window 27. With an insignificant difference in the dimensions "Si" and "S2" (approximately 0.5 mm), it is possible to rearrange the shaft 27 in the handle 18A by castling the dimensions "Si" and "S2" and slightly change the orientation of the shaft window 27.This allows to install magazine 1 for two angle variants "<р" and "Р" with an accuracy of 0.2 - 0.4 degrees and to more accurately adjust the weapon for use with the selected type of ammunition. Such a two-position shaft 27, shown in Fig. 6, allows to install magazine 1 with two angle variants, for example, <р = 3° and р = 108° or <р = 3.3° and р = 107.7°.

[0102] In the embodiments of the invention shown in Fig. 5 - 6, the design of the compartment 20 in the handle ensures precise orientation of the magazine at the selected angles "<p" and "P" of installing the magazine for the selected type of ammunition, which allows for the effective use of many types of ammunition in the weapon, having approximately the same bullet weight. Moreover, a more precise differentiation of the angles "φ" and "P" is possible when adjusting the weapon using technological gaps and tolerances for the manufacture of the dimensions of the parts, as shown in the example in Fig. 6. In this case, the use of replaceable handles for each group of ammunition with approximately the same bullet weight cannot cause problems with logistics in a modular weapon, which provides for a quick replacement of the handle and / or barrel at the shooter's discretion.Moreover, it is advisable to adjust a weapon with one handle or a set of replaceable handles at the stage of weapon manufacture by selecting a handle that ensures the installation of the magazine at a predetermined angle "P" for a specific type of ammunition, which can be measured with a mechanical protractor. In this case, it is advisable to check the weapon adjustment according to the above-mentioned method at the stage of regulated shooting of the weapon for safety and accuracy of fire, and to supply the adjusted weapon with an indication of the preferential use of certain types of ammunition in this weapon.

[0103] Industrial applicability

[0104] It should be noted that the examples of weapons shown in Figs. 1-6 show a bolt 6 with a barrel 7 for a Glock 17 pistol of models from Gen 3 to Gen 5, which can be attached to the receiver 3 according to this invention. In this case, the firing mechanism 4 is similar to the firing mechanism of the Glock 17 pistol and can be placed in the receiver 3 according to this invention. A detailed design and operation of the weapon during firing using the example of the known Glock 17 pistol is described in the patent for the basic Glock pistol (see patents US 4,539,889 A dated 10.09.1985 and RU 1 787 256 C dated 07.01.1993, IPC P41A 9 / 70 or the website: https: / / patents.google.com / patent / RU1787256C / ru).

[0105] SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The weapon may use the trigger mechanisms of the Glock pistol, modified according to patent US 10,823,517 B1 dated 03.11.2020, IPC E41A З / 66, https: / / patents.google.com / patent / US10823517B1 / en or according to patent RU 2 763 762 C1 dated 10.01.2021, IPC F41A 5 / 04, https: / / patents.google.com / patent / RU2763762C1 / ru.

[0106] The specific embodiments of the invention disclosed above using the example of the well-known Glock 17 pistol are only illustrative, since the invention can be implemented in practice in various firearms with various types of box magazines and ammunition with different bullet weights using the ideas set forth herein that are obvious to specialists in this field of technology. In this case, it is possible to modernize the feed lips of the magazine in order to change the angle "a" to ensure optimal angles "<p" and "P" when adjusting a specific type of firearm. When implementing this invention, it is possible to use the well-known 100-round double-drum Beta C-Mag magazines, which have a central part in the form of a straight box magazine, intended for installation in a weapon (https: / / ru.wikipedia.org / wiki / Beta_C-Mag).In addition, the implementation of this invention in semi-automatic sniper rifles allows to reduce the dispersion of bullets and increase the accuracy of sniper shooting in this type of firearms. It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments of this invention illustrate, but do not limit the invention, and specialists in this field of technology will be able to develop many alternative embodiments of this invention, without going beyond the scope of the attached claims.

[0107] SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

CLAUSE OF THE INVENTION 1. A firearm comprising a detachable box magazine for accommodating ammunition, a receiver with a trigger mechanism installed inside and with a window for installing the upper part of the magazine, a bolt with a barrel attached to the receiver and a handle containing at least a cavity for attaching the receiver, a compartment for accommodating the magazine and a magazine locking unit, characterized in that in a longitudinal axial section of the weapon in the plane of the magazine, the window in the receiver and the compartment for accommodating the magazine are designed with the possibility of changing the angle "P" of installing the magazine relative to the axis of symmetry of the bolt, wherein the angle "<p" between the axis of symmetry of the barrel and the axis of symmetry of the ammunition installed in the magazine, measured from the side of the muzzle of the barrel before the start of feeding the ammunition from the magazine into the barrel is selected in the range of 1 - 8 degrees, and the compartment for accommodating the magazine is provided with a shaft to ensure installation of the magazine at the selected angle "φ",in this case, the angle "p" of the magazine installation relative to the axis of symmetry of the bolt is determined by the equation:, P = 180° - a - f - f, where: p is the angle between the inner surface of the rear wall of the magazine body with a height equal to the diameter of the bottom end of the ammunition installed in the magazine and the axis of symmetry of the bolt, measured from the side of the muzzle of the barrel, degrees; a = 60°...90° is the angle between the inner surface of the rear wall of the magazine body with a height equal to the diameter of the bottom end of the ammunition installed in the magazine and the axis of symmetry of the said ammunition, measured from the side of the bottom end of the said ammunition, degrees; Ф = 1°...8° - the angle between the axis of symmetry of the barrel and the axis of symmetry of the ammunition installed in the magazine, measured from the side of the muzzle of the barrel before the ammunition is loaded from the magazine into the barrel, degrees; F = 0°...5 О- the angle between the axis of symmetry of the barrel and the axis of symmetry of the bolt, measured from the side of the muzzle of the barrel before the ammunition begins to be fed from the magazine into the barrel, degrees.

2. A firearm according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it is designed with the possibility of changing the handle, and for firing ammunition with different bullet weights, the weapon is equipped with at least two replaceable handles, each of which is configured for the use of a specific type of ammunition.

3. A firearm according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a replaceable bolt with a barrel, which have increased longitudinal dimensions relative to the first bolt with a barrel.

4. A firearm according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a replaceable bolt with a barrel, which have reduced longitudinal dimensions relative to the first bolt with a barrel.

5. A firearm comprising a detachable box magazine for accommodating ammunition, a receiver with a trigger mechanism installed inside and with a window for installing the upper part of the magazine, a bolt with a barrel attached to the receiver and a handle containing at least a cavity for attaching the receiver, a compartment for accommodating the magazine and a magazine locking unit, characterized in that in the longitudinal axial section of the weapon in the plane of the magazine, the window in the receiver is made with the possibility of changing the angle "P" of installing the magazine relative to the axis of symmetry of the bolt, wherein the angle "cp" between the axis of symmetry of the barrel and the axis of symmetry of the ammunition installed in the magazine, measured from the side of the muzzle of the barrel before the start of feeding the ammunition from the magazine into the barrel is selected in the range of 1 - 8 degrees, and the compartment for accommodating the magazine ensures the installation of the magazine at the selected angle " <р", при этом угол "р" установки магазина относительно оси симметрии затвора определяется уравнением:P = 180° - a - <р - ф , где:P ~ the angle between the inner surface of the rear wall of the magazine housing with a height equal to the diameter of the bottom end of the ammunition installed in the magazine and the axis of symmetry of the bolt, measured from the side of the muzzle of the barrel, degrees; a = 60°...90° - the angle between the inner surface of the rear wall of the magazine housing with a height equal to the diameter of the bottom end of the ammunition installed in the magazine and the axis of symmetry of the said ammunition, measured from the side of the bottom end of the said ammunition, degrees; Ф = 1°...8° - the angle between the axis of symmetry of the barrel and the axis of symmetry of the ammunition installed in the magazine, measured from the side of the muzzle of the barrel before the ammunition is loaded from the magazine into the barrel, degrees; Ф = 0°...5° - the angle between the axis of symmetry of the barrel and the axis of symmetry of the bolt, measured from the side of the muzzle of the barrel before the start of feeding the ammunition from the magazine into the barrel, degrees.

6. A firearm according to paragraph 5, characterized in that the compartment for placing the magazine is additionally provided with a shaft for installing the magazine.

7. A firearm according to paragraph 5, characterized in that it is designed with the possibility of changing the handle, and for firing ammunition with different bullet weights, the weapon is equipped with at least two replaceable handles, each of which is configured for the use of a certain type of ammunition.

8. A firearm according to paragraph 5, characterized in that it is equipped with a replaceable bolt with a barrel, which have increased longitudinal dimensions relative to the first bolt with a barrel.

9. A firearm according to paragraph 5, characterized in that it is equipped with a replaceable bolt with a barrel, which have reduced longitudinal dimensions relative to the first bolt with a barrel.

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