Process for promoting the availability of components and related reactor and system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for promoting the availability of components in a matrix, applicable in various configurations such as a reactor or a tube, by applying a current flow and electromagnetic radiation to facilitate the separation of components. Optionally, the process may include ultrasound, a magnetic field and mechanical stirring. A specialised reactor with a reaction area, a current generator, a radio wave generator and a control unit, as well as a solid-liquid phase separation system, is defined. The invention can be used to extract vegetable or animal oils and remove salts from water, thereby improving the recovery of components without using solvents, optimising the separation in an efficient and sustainable manner.

Description

PROCESS TO PROMOTE THE AVAILABILITY OF COMPONENTS, REACTOR AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEM DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY SCOPE

[0001] The invention relates to the availability of components in a matrix or product containing said components, particularly to a process that can be applied in different configurations, such as a reactor, a tube, or other devices with diverse geometries, to promote said component availability. Furthermore, the invention relates to a system comprising said process and a method that utilizes it to separate one or more components from said matrix or product to be processed.

[0002] The matrix can be organic, for example, to obtain oil, soluble proteins, and insoluble proteins. It can also be an inorganic matrix, for example, to remove salts, in applications such as osmosis pretreatment for seawater or the treatment of osmosis reject water for reprocessing. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] In industry in general, there is a need to process raw materials or products to obtain components or byproducts of interest. In this context, one branch of this industry seeks to implement systems and processes designed to process a matrix, which may be a raw material or an intermediate product, and obtain one or more components or byproducts of interest present in said matrix.

[0004] For example, in the aquaculture industry, fish processing generates a large amount of waste, which is usually transformed into fishmeal and fish oil. If this raw material is not available near a fishmeal and oil factory, increasing the risk of decomposition, fish silage technology is often used, which seeks to preserve and transform this waste into animal feed or as a biostimulant for crop production. The fish silage process transforms fish waste into a liquid mixture of hydrolyzed proteins, lipids, minerals, and other nutrients, easily digestible by both terrestrial and aquatic animals. Indeed, fish silage has three basic components: Fish oil (oily phase) Soluble proteins Solid with insoluble proteins

[0005] Currently, separating these components, such as oil, is relatively simple, using conventional processes such as cooking and centrifugation. However, the efficiency of these processes is affected by the presence of high water content in the final mixture and the need for costly drying processes.

[0006] In other production areas, separation and extraction technologies are constantly searching for new methods that are alternatives to, for example, solvent extraction, since the use of solvents is both undesirable and costly.

[0007] In particular, there is significant interest in recovering high-value oils from microalgae, krill, salmon, grape seed, rosehip, and tall oil, among others. Raw materials like krill have a low oil content, which increases production costs. Furthermore, the goal is to recover these high-value oils organically, without the use of heat, and using only environmentally friendly processes such as centrifugation or pressure filtration.

[0008] In this context, the present invention addresses these problems by proposing a versatile process that allows improving the availability of components in various matrices through the application of physical stimuli, facilitating their subsequent separation with conventional solid-liquid phase separation processes.

[0009] This patent focuses on an innovative process for removing components from matrices that can be either organic or inorganic. In the organic phase, its components have been described, as stated in point

[0004] . However, the process of the invention can also be applied in relation to inorganic matrices. For inorganic matrices, the process is designed for the removal of salts from saline water, generating two phases: First Phase: A liquid with a reduced salt concentration or conductivity is obtained, allowing its reuse in applications that require lower salinity water. Second Phase: A stable saline sludge is formed, which can be used as a hardening material in road construction, thus contributing to sustainability and waste management.

[0010] This comprehensive approach not only optimizes the recovery of valuable resources but also promotes sustainable practices in the management of organic and inorganic matrices. DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART

[0011] In the search for alternative separation methods, publication WO2011056223 discloses a method for the continuous extraction of oil and lipids from small aquatic plants using a pulsed electric field. The method comprises preparing a suspension of small aquatic plants and treating them by applying pulsed electric fields to increase the lysis of the cell walls of the aquatic plants and improve the extraction of oil and lipids from them. It is indicated that this method improves the extraction of one or more of the selected components: EPA oil, DHA oil, antioxidants, stabilizers, omega-3 oil, pigments, colorants and food ingredients.

[0012] In the same field of use of a pulsed electric field, patent application US2013202751 is directed to a method of treating plant tissue using a pulsed electric field to extract a plant substance, in particular, juice. The method comprises the steps of compacting the plant tissue to reduce the residual space between the plants without exerting excessive pressure that tends to extract the juice, and subjecting the compacted plants to a pulsed electric field in a treatment chamber.

[0013] On the other hand, Chilean patent application CL 201301448 discloses a method for extracting molecules from a pomace matrix, which comprises electrically treating the matrix using power pulses, using a hydro-alcoholic solvent or a solvent containing ethyl acetate and recovering the molecules that have diffused; polyphenols; and use of these. Additionally, it is indicated that in the process the diffusion temperature is between 40 and 70°C, and the intensity of the pulsed electric field is between 15 and 25 kVcm. 1 .

[0014] Despite these technological advances aimed at component separation, there is still a need for a system and procedure that facilitates the separation of one or more components from the matrix they contain, limiting energy consumption, promoting simplified monitoring and control, and efficiently separating the components of interest. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] The present invention relates to a process that, through the application of physical stimuli such as current flow and electromagnetic radiation, promotes the availability of components present in a matrix. This availability facilitates subsequent component extraction processes, such as a component separation process in a processed matrix, optimizing the extraction of components of interest.

[0016] To this end, the process of the invention can be implemented in different configurations, such as a reactor, a tube or other devices with various geometries, in which a A set of physical stimuli that promote the availability of matrix components for processing. These stimuli may include, in combination or independently: The application of a current flow on the matrix. Exposure to electromagnetic radiation through radio waves. The application of a magnetic field on the matrix. The generation of ultrasound to induce vibratory movement in the matrix. Controlled agitation to improve matrix homogenization during the process.

[0017] Furthermore, the process of the invention can be implemented with a vessel hereinafter referred to as a reactor, which can be of different geometries, to promote the availability of one or more components in a matrix containing them, wherein said reactor promotes the availability of components by applying a current flow and electromagnetic radiation. According to one embodiment of the invention, the reactor comprises: at least one reaction zone, arranged to receive the matrix and obtain a reaction product; at least one current generator, arranged to apply a current flow to the matrix; one or more ultrasound generators coupled to the reactor; at least one radio wave generator, arranged to apply electromagnetic radiation to the matrix; and at least one control unit configured to control the operation of the at least one current generator and the at least one radio wave generator;

[0018] Preferably, the current flow applied, for example by the at least one current generator, can vary depending on the type of matrix. In an organic matrix, the electrical charge is between 50 and 500 Coulombs per liter of organic matrix, while in an inorganic matrix, the electrical charge varies between 5000 and 12500 Coulombs per liter of inorganic matrix. In both cases, that is, organic and inorganic, the current flow can be applied for a predetermined time ti, where said time ti depends on the conductivity of the matrix and the electrical charge and current intensity of the at least one current generator and, alternatively, can be adjusted based on said parameters.

[0019] Preferably, the electromagnetic radiation applied, for example by the at least one radio wave generator, may comprise a carrier wave of between 400 and 1500 MHz, applied in a pulsed manner, for example by a burst pattern from the at least one radio wave generator. In addition, the carrier wave may be modulated with a carrier wave modulating wave between 1 and 2500 kHz. Finally, the electromagnetic radiation can be applied for a predetermined time t2, where said time t2 depends on the frequency of the modulating wave, which is selected depending on the absorption spectrum (natural or resonance frequency) of the array, obtained by means of a spectral sweep. Alternatively, the time t2 can be adjusted according to these parameters.

[0020] Preferably, the ultrasound applied by the ultrasound generators, which may be sensors, may be applied at a frequency of 0.5 KHz to 100 KHz, with a power of 4 Watts per liter of matrix to 25 Watts per liter of matrix.

[0021] Additionally, the invention defines a system for separating one or more components from a matrix containing them, said system being able to comprise one or more reactors of the invention and at least one separation machine, for example for solid-liquid phase separation, such as a centrifuge or a pressure filtration machine in the case of an organic matrix, and a decanter and filtration system in the case of an inorganic matrix. In the case of an organic matrix, at least one separation machine is arranged to receive the reaction product from the one or more reactors and, after operation, independently obtain reaction by-products. Said separation machine may be a pressure filtration arrangement or a conventional centrifugal machine, such as those used in laboratory tests, or industrial equipment such as a horizontal centrifugal separator, for example of the Tricanter or Decanter type.Reaction byproducts, in the context of the invention, are the components of interest that are desired to be obtained from the processing of the matrix. In the case of the inorganic matrix, an accelerated decanter is preferably used, which separates the liquid from the sludge solution. The sludge solution is filtered, removing the solids and recovering the liquid that joins the liquid from the initial separation.

[0022] The invention also defines a method for separating one or more components from a matrix containing them. Said method comprises the steps of: Receiving the matrix in a reaction zone, for example, the reaction zone of the reactor of the invention. In the case of the organic matrix, applying a current flow to the matrix or the matrix by means of at least one current generator and under the control of at least one control unit. Preferably, said current flow has an electrical charge of between 50 and 500 Coulombs per liter of matrix, and can be applied for a predetermined time ti. In the case of the inorganic matrix, between 5000 Coulombs and 12500 Coulombs are applied per liter of matrix. In both cases, with an organic or inorganic matrix, This time ti depends on the conductivity of the matrix and the electrical charge and current intensity of at least one current generator. In both cases, that is, organic and inorganic matrix, electromagnetic radiation is applied to the matrix by means of at least one radio wave generator and under the control of at least one control unit. Preferably, said electromagnetic radiation comprises a carrier wave of between 400 and 1500 MHz applied in pulsed form and modulated with a modulating wave of between 1 and 2500 kHz. Furthermore, the electromagnetic radiation can be applied for a predetermined time t2, wherein said time t2 depends on the frequency of the modulating wave, which is selected depending on the matrix. Obtain a reaction product in the reaction zone. Subject the reaction product to a separation process.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the steps of applying the current flow and applying the electromagnetic radiation can be performed simultaneously, where the times ti and t2 are equal or one is contained within the other. In this case, the control unit can be configured to operate the at least one current generator and the at least one radio wave generator based on these steps, for example, by adjusting the times ti and / or t2.

[0024] Finally, the invention describes the use of the reactor, the system or the method in the case of the organic matrix, for the extraction of rosehip oil, krill oil and grape seed oil, using a portion of solid flour in the case of krill, or a portion of seeds in the case of rosehip and grape seed, with a mixture of organic acids in a solution prepared from 0.5% to 5%; where the organic acids are acetic acid and citric acid, which can be applied individually or in different percentages of mixtures up to 5%.

[0025] For example, in the case of an organic matrix, a 2% solution totals 1% acetic acid and 1% citric acid; the solid-liquid mixture in this case can be 1 part solid to 4 parts acid solution.

[0026] Also in the case of an organic matrix, for example Tall Oil soap, a maximum 5% sulfuric acid solution is used, where Tall Oil soap masses that have the oil component are used in proportions of 1 part soap to 1 or 2 parts of 5% acid solution.

[0027] In the case of an inorganic matrix, for example, to remove salts from saline water, both seawater to reduce its conductivity and osmosis reject water in saline well water treatment, no chemicals are used, only CO2 at the end of the process to reduce and adjust the pH. FUNDAMENTALS

[0028] The term "matrix" refers to the raw material or product being processed, that is, the source containing the components to be separated. The matrix can comprise both polar (e.g., saline water) and nonpolar (e.g., organic matrices) components, which makes them soluble in polar and nonpolar solvents, respectively. One way to measure the polarity of a matrix is ​​through its dielectric constant, which relates to the ability to separate ions from a solute.

[0029] It is then possible to establish a parallel between the dielectric constant and solubility, it being evident that, as the dielectric constant decreases, the force of attraction (F) between ions with opposite signs will increase and solubility (S) and the Solubility Product (KPS) will also decrease.

[0030] For this reason, nonpolar solvents with a low dielectric constant are used to extract byproducts such as, for example, the oil found in fish silage, which is nonpolar and has a very low dielectric constant. Indeed, solvents such as hexane, using the SX (Solvent Extraction) process, are the most commonly used.

[0031] Additionally, many matrices are composed of one or more components of interest, cohesive or assembled together, sometimes forming pasty solutions, as is the case with fish silage. This cohesion is primarily due to Van Der Waals forces, present as residual forces of attraction or repulsion between molecules or atomic groups. The resulting paste is a phenomenon of Van Der Waals forces, caused by the dipole moments of the molecules that comprise dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, and dispersion forces.

[0032] The present invention seeks to eliminate these interaction forces that form the product to be processed, thereby removing adhesion to the molecule. Indeed, it is possible to apply external forces that counteract the adhesion of the matrix components. In the case of the invention, this is achieved by combining electromagnetic radiation and a current flow, which interact with the matrix and the forces that bind its components together.

[0033] In this context, by applying the current flow proposed by the invention, it is possible to promote the availability of components and facilitate their subsequent separation by: Cancel colloidal destabilization forces, breaking a binding element. Cause the release of electrons and, with it, the separation of elements in a compound by means of electricity. In the case of organic compounds, forming immiscible phases such as oil - water - solid, and in the case of inorganics forming two phases, one liquid with reduced conductivity and another solid phase containing the precipitated salts. In both organic and inorganic matrices, an electric field is generated, which causes positive ions to move to the negative electrode and negative ions to move to the positive electrode, causing migration. Furthermore, the attraction of the electric field's vector flux orients the molecular dipoles and their moments. In the case of organic matrices, electrolytic cells with copper electrodes and cells with carbon electrodes are used. In the case of inorganic matrices, cells with aluminum electrodes and cells with a calcium-lead combination are used.

[0034] Additionally, the application of electromagnetic radiation proposed by the invention also has an effect on the interaction forces that form the matrix. This radiation generates magnetic fields to remove the interaction forces and reduce adhesion, primarily of solid components, such as a paste formed by oil, water, and dry solids in the case of silage and many other matrices.

[0035] Furthermore, the invention may also comprise for organic and inorganic matrix: Applying, by means of at least one magnetic field generator, a magnetic field on the matrix, wherein the magnetic field has a magnetic flux density of between 0.5 and 2 T, said magnetic field being applied for a predetermined time t3. Applying, by means of at least one ultrasound generator, ultrasound waves to the matrix, inducing a vibratory movement in the matrix, where the ultrasound waves have a frequency between 0.5 and 100 kHz, said ultrasound waves being applied for a predetermined time t4. According to one embodiment, the frequency of the ultrasound waves can preferably be 45 kHz, and are applied in parallel to the electric fields whose time t4 can be up to 240 minutes. Mix and homogenize the matrix using at least one stirring device, wherein the mixing and homogenization is performed at a rotation speed of the at least one stirring device of between 60 and 330 rpm, for a predetermined time t5. According to one embodiment, time t5 may correspond to the sum of times ti, t2, t3, and t4.

[0036] The steps of applying the magnetic field, applying the ultrasonic waves, and stirring the matrix are controlled by the at least one control unit. In addition, the at least one generator of magnetic field, the at least one ultrasound generator and the at least one stirring device may be part of the reactor of the invention.

[0037] Additionally, the at least one magnetic field generator may comprise at least one electromagnet, arranged within the reaction zone or in the vicinity of the reaction zone. Furthermore, the at least one stirring device may be arranged within the reaction zone and in contact with the matrix.

[0038] According to one embodiment, the at least one current generator may comprise at least two electrodes comprising a cell, arranged within the reaction zone and in contact with the matrix. Furthermore, the at least one radio wave generator may comprise at least one antenna, arranged within the reaction zone or in the vicinity of the reaction zone.

[0039] According to one embodiment, the invention further comprises measuring, by means of at least one temperature sensor and / or by means of at least one conductivity sensor, the temperature and / or conductivity of the matrix during the execution of the method or reactor. The temperature measurement and / or the conductivity measurement is received in the at least one control unit. Said at least one temperature sensor and / or at least one conductivity sensor may be part of the reactor of the invention.

[0040] Finally, alternatively, the step of subjecting the reaction product to the separation process may comprise processing the reaction product in at least one separation machine and obtaining reaction byproducts independently. As indicated above, said separation machine may be a pressure filtration arrangement and / or a conventional centrifugal machine, such as those used in laboratory tests, or industrial equipment such as a horizontal centrifugal separator, for example, of the vertical centrifuge, horizontal decanter, or Tricanter type. Said separation machine must be designed to process a reaction product stream commensurate with the reactor's processing capacities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0041] As part of the present invention, the following representative figures are presented, which teach preferred embodiments of the invention and, therefore, should not be considered as limiting the definition of the claimed subject matter. Fig. 1: Shows a diagram of a first embodiment of a reactor according to the present invention. Fig. 2: Shows a diagram of a second embodiment of a reactor according to the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED MODALITIES Process to promote component availability

[0042] The present invention describes a process for promoting the availability of components in a matrix that can be implemented in various ways, depending on the application and the type of matrix processed. In a general embodiment, the process comprises receiving the matrix in a reaction zone, applying a current flow on the matrix with an electrical charge that varies between 50 and 500 Coulomb / L in the case of organic matrices and between 5000 and 12500 Coulomb / L in the case of inorganic matrices, applying electromagnetic radiation on the matrix by means of a carrier wave between 400 and 1500 MHz modulated with a wave between 1 and 2500 kHz, obtaining a reaction product in the reaction zone with the matrix components in different phases and subjecting said reaction product to a solid-liquid phase separation process, which can be carried out by filtration, decantation or centrifugation, depending on the type of matrix and the process conditions.

[0043] In an alternative embodiment, the current flow applied to the matrix is ​​supplied by at least two electrodes arranged within the reaction zone and in contact with the matrix. Likewise, the electromagnetic radiation can be applied in a pulsed manner through bursts of radio waves generated by at least one radio wave generator, optimizing the energy transfer to the matrix and the efficiency of the separation of its components. Depending on the characteristics of the material being treated, the solid-liquid separation can be carried out using various conventional methods, selecting the most appropriate option for each application.

[0044] In an additional configuration, the process may include the application of a magnetic field to the matrix with a magnetic flux density of between 0.5 and 2 Tesla, which allows for modification of intermolecular forces and favors the separation of components. In a preferred embodiment, ultrasound waves with a frequency between 0.5 and 100 kHz and a power between 4 and 25 W / L may be applied, facilitating particle disintegration and the release of components from the matrix. In addition, mechanical stirring with a rotation speed between 60 and 330 rpm may be incorporated to improve matrix homogenization during the treatment.

[0045] The process can operate with the simultaneous or controlled sequential application of current flow and electromagnetic radiation, adjusting to the requirements of the matrix and the expected results in the separation of its components. The technology is applicable to both organic and inorganic matrices, covering systems in which the extraction of oils, proteins or the reduction of salts in aqueous solutions is sought. In an optimized mode, the process configuration can be adjusted according to the dielectric constant of the matrix, which It can be determined by a prior spectral scan, allowing precise calibration of the applied physical stimuli and improving the efficiency of the process. Reactor to promote component availability

[0046] In one embodiment, a reactor configured to promote component availability in a matrix is ​​described. This reactor comprises a reaction zone arranged to receive the matrix and obtain a reaction product, together with a current generator configured to apply a current flow to the matrix with an electrical charge of between 50 and 500 Coulomb / L in organic matrices and between 5000 and 12500 Coulomb / L in inorganic matrices. It also incorporates a radio wave generator, arranged to apply electromagnetic radiation to the matrix with a carrier wave of between 400 and 1500 MHz modulated with a wave of between 1 and 2500 kHz, under the control of a control unit that coordinates the operation of the current generator and the radio wave generator.

[0047] In an alternative configuration, the reactor can apply current flow and electromagnetic radiation for predetermined times, where the time of application of the current flow depends on the conductivity of the matrix and the applied electrical charge, while the time of application of the electromagnetic radiation depends on the frequency of the modulating wave selected based on the absorption spectrum of the matrix. Furthermore, in an additional embodiment, the reactor can incorporate an ultrasound generator to apply waves with a frequency between 0.5 and 100 kHz and a power between 4 and 25 W / L, improving particle disaggregation in the matrix. A magnetic field generator with a magnetic flux density between 0.5 and 2 Tesla can also be integrated, in order to modify intermolecular forces and promote component separation.

[0048] Additionally, in a preferred embodiment, the radio wave generator can be configured to modulate the carrier wave with a modulating waveform between 1 and 2500 kHz, adjusted based on the matrix's absorption spectrum. To optimize process efficiency, the reactor can be equipped with temperature and / or conductivity sensors, arranged to monitor the matrix in real time and adjust operational parameters based on the measurements obtained.

[0049] Fig. 1 shows an exemplary diagram of one embodiment of the reactor of the invention, constructed on a laboratory scale, for processing 10 kg of matrix or product. As can be seen, the reactor comprises a control unit in communication with a current generator and a radio wave generator, as essential elements of the invention. These elements are connected to the reaction chamber or reaction zone by means of electrodes and an antenna, respectively. Furthermore, the embodiment in Fig. 1 shows the alternative implementation of: a magnetic field generator, in the form of an electrical source that powers an electromagnet configuration; an ultrasound generator, in the form of an electrical source that powers an oscillator associated with an ultrasound transducer; and a stirring device, in the form of a stirrer that is inserted into the reactor. In addition, temperature and / or conductivity sensors are implemented in connection with the control unit, which facilitate the application of control actions on the reactor's operation.

[0050] An exemplary diagram of another embodiment of the reactor of the invention, built on a pilot scale, for processing 300 kg of matrix, is shown in Fig. 2. Unlike Fig. 1, the reactor in Fig. 2 only comprises the stirring device and the temperature and conductivity sensors as additional elements.

[0051] As previously highlighted, the present invention proposes a reactor that, in general terms, comprises a reaction zone containing a matrix to be processed. A set of physical stimuli are applied in said reaction zone, mainly: An electrolytic process: generated by an electric field (current flow), where the matrix acts as a conductor with a given dielectric capacity, with the aim of separating elements of a compound; Electromagnetic radiation: through the use of radio waves that are delivered at a modulated frequency and have a predetermined geometry and power. These radio waves are applied through a series of radio wave pulses, which generate bursts of electromagnetic radiation over the reaction zone. The purpose of the radio waves is twofold: they aid separation through an effect on charges and dipoles, and they also affect the adhesion of the components in the matrix. Application of Ultrasound: The separation of oil and water is a critical process in various industries, including petrochemicals, food, and wastewater treatment. The application of ultrasound has emerged as an innovative and efficient technique for improving the separation of these two phases, taking advantage of the physical and mechanical properties of ultrasonic waves. Ultrasound is based on the generation of high-frequency sound waves. These waves are capable of inducing phenomena such as cavitation, which is the formation and collapse of vapor bubbles in a liquid. This cavitation process generates microshocks and turbulence that facilitate the agglomeration of oil droplets, promoting their separation from water. Cavitation creates microbubbles that, when collapsing, generate shock waves that break stable oil-in-water emulsions. This phenomenon allows oil droplets to clump together and increase in size, facilitating their separation by gravity. Ultrasonic waves promote oil droplet coalescence, meaning that small droplets merge to form larger droplets. This increases separation efficiency, as larger droplets are more easily separated from water. The use of ultrasound for oil and water separation represents an innovative and efficient solution that improves the effectiveness of the separation process. In the case of inorganics, the combination of ultrasound and electrolysis is presented as an innovative solution that improves process efficiency and optimizes resource recovery. Electrolysis involves the application of an electric current through a conductive solution, which triggers chemical reactions at the electrodes.In this case, we combine electrolysis and ultrasound to precipitate dissolved salts in water, generating products that can be easily separated. The electrolysis we apply reduces water conductivity, and the combination of ultrasonic energy and electrolysis allows for more precise control of process conditions, optimizing salt precipitation. The synergy between ultrasound and electrolysis allows for faster and more efficient separation of oil and water, as well as effective salt precipitation, reducing treatment time and operating costs.

[0052] With this, the reactor seeks to assist or promote component separation and reduce matrix adhesion. Alternatively, these physical stimuli can be complemented by the application of: a magnetic field, intended to affect Van Der Waals forces; vibration through shocks applied by ultrasonic electrodes; and agitation to mix and homogenize the matrix during the reaction.

[0053] Then, to apply the physical stimuli to a matrix, a prior measurement of its dielectric constant (dielectric constant of the medium) is required, which is usually performed on a raw sample of the matrix, including the main components that are to be separated.

[0054] The dielectric constant of a medium is representative of the dielectric constant of its various constituent phases. For example, the Clausius-Mossoti relationship (Equation 1) implies that the dielectric constant of a mixed medium (r) is equivalent to the dielectric constant of the solid + the dielectric constant of the liquid it is made of. However, if the liquid is separated from the solid, the dielectric constant of both phases can be measured, making it clear that each phase is, in turn, a mixture of several components. Equation 1: sr = EL- %L+ES- %S

[0055] Once the dielectric constant of each component of the raw sample is known, it is necessary to determine the wave absorption capacity of the matrix and each component within it. Therefore, both the raw sample (matrix) and the components obtained from a laboratory separation process are measured through a spectral sweep. This corresponds to a frequency sweep whose response is the attenuation of the applied signal, measured in decibels, showing the points of greatest absorbance (attenuation) of the matrix and the components. The spectral sweep, plus a Z potential analysis of the solution or matrix, provides the resonance information for applying an electromagnetic signal via a carrier radio wave to the solution. The dielectric constant information, which provides information on the polarity balance of the system, is essential for applying the stimuli. Method for separating components

[0056] The method for separating components from a matrix comprises receiving the matrix in a reaction zone of a reactor and applying a current flow with an electrical charge of between 50 and 500 Coulomb / L in organic matrices and between 5000 and 12500 Coulomb / L in inorganic matrices. Additionally, electromagnetic radiation is applied to the matrix with a carrier wave of between 400 and 1500 MHz, modulated with a wave of between 1 and 2500 kHz, thus obtaining a reaction product in the reaction zone. Said product is then subjected to a solid-liquid phase separation process, which can be carried out by filtration, decantation or centrifugation.

[0057] In an additional embodiment, the method may include the application of complementary physical stimuli, such as ultrasound waves with a frequency between 0.5 and 100 kHz and a power between 4 and 25 W / L, a magnetic field with a magnetic flux density between 0.5 and 2 Tesla, or mechanical agitation with a rotation speed between 60 and 330 rpm to promote homogenization of the matrix during the treatment. To optimize the efficiency of the process, the application of these physical stimuli can be adjusted based on the dielectric constant of the matrix, determined by a prior spectral scan. Uses in organic and inorganic matrices

[0058] In a specific application, the described process is used to extract oils from organic matrices, such as rosehip oil, krill oil, and grape seed oil. In this case, the organic matrices are processed in the reactor in the presence of an aqueous solution containing organic acids, such as acetic acid and citric acid, at concentrations between 0.5% and 5%. Phase separation is facilitated by the simultaneous application of current flow and electromagnetic radiation or in a controlled sequence, optimizing the recovery of the oil and other components of interest.

[0059] In another use case, the process is applied to remove salts from inorganic matrices, particularly in the treatment of seawater as a pretreatment for reverse osmosis and in the treatment of osmosis reject water in saline well water desalination processes. In these applications, conductivity reduction and the elimination of silica and hardness are achieved through the application of the described physical stimuli, allowing the treated water to be reused or reprocessed more efficiently. Furthermore, in certain cases, the application of current flow and electromagnetic radiation causes the formation of insoluble precipitates that can be removed through solid-liquid separation processes. Example: Fish silage processing

[0060] The reactor of the present invention can be used to process fish silage. The silage consists of three phases: a polar liquid phase, a nonpolar oil phase, and a solid phase that is a mixture of polarities.

[0061] The liquid phase is composed of a polar liquid (water with total dissolved solids, including polar proteins). The pasty solid phase is composed of a mixture of: a dry solid, which is basically insoluble proteins (nonpolar proteins); an oily component (oil bound by interaction forces); and water (moisture, another interaction bond). Several interactions coexist in this pasty solid. On the one hand, hydrophilic interaction forces are present, and thus moisture is formed, that is, water molecules adhere to it. However, due to its nonpolar nature (insoluble proteins), the solid attracts the oily phase, leaving the solid as a mixture. The pasty condition is generated by the interaction of electrical forces.If the interaction force is very strong, an adhesive capacity is generated, a force that is born from the electrical interaction between the insoluble solid (non-polar proteins), water (polar) and oil (non-polar).

[0062] The oil and proteins found in the silage interact in different phases (solid and liquid). Therefore, if the electromagnetic forces of a silage solution are known, separation can be achieved. For example, protein and fat respond to the polarity of the silage in question. Therefore, to apply physical stimuli to the matrix, the dielectric constant of the matrix (the dielectric constant of the medium) must be previously measured as a raw sample, in this case, the silage, including the main components to be separated.

[0063] Once the sample or matrix to be processed has been characterized, determining its dielectric constant and performing the spectral sweep to determine its natural or resonance frequency, the control unit is configured to operate a current generator and a wave generator. Radio. The silage is then loaded into the reaction zone and subjected to reactor operation. In this case, different operations are performed using a stainless steel reactor with a 170-amp current generator and a radio wave generator to apply frequencies between 0.5 GHz and 5 GHz, with a modulating frequency signal of 1 kHz to 2 MHz. The reactor is configured as shown in Fig. 1.

[0064] Test 1, current generator applying a load of 100 C / L: 1 roA 700 mL (0.7 L) sample of silage is taken, measuring: Total dissolved solids, density, conductivity, ORP and pH. 2 do The sample is introduced into the reactor, ensuring that it covers the electrodes. 3 ro 100 C / L is applied, which corresponds to applying Coulomb = 70 Coulomb. The current generator is configured to use a current intensity of 0.25 amps and to operate for a time of 4.7 minutes. 4 t0 In parallel, radio waves are applied with a 450 MHz carrier wave and a 500 kHz modulating wave, with sinusoidal geometry. 5 t0 Once the test is completed, the reaction product is subjected to centrifugation to separate the 3 phases.

[0065] Test 2, current generator applying a load of 125 C / L: 1 ro A 700 mL (0.7 L) sample of silage is taken, measuring: Total dissolved solids, density, conductivity, ORP and pH. 2 do The sample is introduced into the reactor, ensuring that it covers the electrodes. 3 ro 125 C / L is applied, which corresponds to applying Coulomb = 87.5 Coulomb. The current generator is configured to use a current intensity of 0.25 amps and to operate for a time of 5.85 minutes. 4 t0 In parallel, radio waves are applied with a 450 MHz carrier wave and a 500 kHz modulating wave, with sinusoidal geometry. 5 t0 Once the test is completed, the reaction product is subjected to centrifugation to separate the 3 phases.

[0066] Test 3, current generator applying a load of 150 C / L: 1 ro A 700 mL (0.7 L) sample of silage is taken, measuring: Total dissolved solids, density, conductivity, ORP and pH. 2 do The sample is introduced into the reactor, ensuring that it covers the electrodes. 3ro 150 C / L is applied, which corresponds to applying Coulomb = 105 Coulomb. The current generator is configured to use a current intensity of 0.25 amps and to operate for a time of 7 minutes. 4 t0 In parallel, radio waves are applied with a 450 MHz carrier wave and a 500 kHz modulating wave, with sinusoidal geometry. 5 t0 Once the test is completed, the reaction product is subjected to centrifugation to separate the 3 phases.

[0067] In all three tests, agitation was applied, operating the agitation device between 90 and 100 rpm. The results obtained are summarized in Table 1. Table 1:

[0068] A mass balance of the tests is presented in Table 2. Table 2:

[0069] In view of the results, the configuration of the control unit according to the Test 3 was repeated for a silage sample with the following characteristics: Total mass: 250 kg. Silage density: 1.04 kg / L. Silage volume: 240.38 L. Applied load: 150 C / L. Applied current: 25 amps. Time: 16 minutes. Carrier wave: 450 MHz, Power 80%, Geometry: Sinusoidal. Modulator wave: 500 kHz.

[0070] The silage sample is processed in the reactor, which in this case has the configuration shown in Fig. 2, for a predetermined time based on previous sample measurements. It is then subjected to a centrifuge, which in this case is a horizontal Tricanter centrifuge separator. The results of this new test are presented in Table 3. Table 3:

[0071] Test 4, Krill oil recovery 1 roA 200 gram sample of Krill Meal is taken and 1000 mL (1 L) of a 10% solution of common industrial salt is mixed in at temperatures ranging from 55°C to 65°C. The amount of oil measured in the crude Krill Meal is 25.62%, with a protein content of 56.75%. 2 do The sample is introduced into the reactor, ensuring that it covers the electrodes and that the temperature is maintained constant. 3 ro 540 C / L is applied. The power generator is configured to use a current intensity of 0.2 amps and to operate for a time of 240 minutes. 4 t0 In parallel, radio waves are applied with a 450 MHz carrier wave and a 250 kHz modulating wave, with sinusoidal geometry. 5 t0 A 40 KHz ultrasound with a power of 0.5 W is applied in parallel with the previous stimuli, for a period of 240 minutes. 6 t0Once the test is completed, the reaction product is subjected to centrifugation to separate the 3 phases.

[0072] Table 4 presents the results in the recovered oil phase. Table 4:

[0073] Table 5 presents the results for proteins recovered from the aqueous phase. To recover the protein from the aqueous phase, the liquid, the water phase, is separated, and the water is evaporated from this, yielding the protein considered soluble. Table 5:

[0074] Test 5, recovery of rosehip oil 1 roA 200 gram sample of cracked and sieved rosehip seed (#40) is taken and 437.5 mL of a 2.8% organic acid solution, 10% anhydrous sodium carbonate and a classic emulsion breaker such as coagulant and surfactant are mixed at temperatures ranging from 55°C to 65°C. The amount of oil measured in the rosehip seed meal is 7.12% and the protein in the seed is 8.05%. 2 do The sample is introduced into the reactor, ensuring that it covers the electrodes and that the temperature is maintained constant. 3 ro 450 C / L is applied. The power generator is configured to use a current intensity of 0.15 amps and to operate for a time of 240 minutes. 4 t0 In parallel, radio waves are applied with a 450 MHz carrier wave and a 250 kHz modulating wave, with sinusoidal geometry. 5 t0A 40 KHz ultrasound with a power of 0.5 W is applied in parallel with the previous stimuli, for a period of 240 minutes. 6 t0 Once the test is completed, the reaction product is subjected to centrifugation to separate the 3 phases.

[0075] Table 6 presents the results in the recovered oil phase. Table 6:

[0076] Table 7 presents the results for proteins recovered from the aqueous phase. To recover the protein from the aqueous phase, the liquid, the water phase, is separated, and the water is evaporated from this, yielding the protein considered soluble. Table 7:

[0077] Test 6, Tall Oil Recovery 1 roA 500 gram sample of Tall Oil soap is taken, and 650 mL (1 L) of a 5% sulfuric acid solution is mixed at temperatures ranging from 60°C to 70°C. The amount of oil (fatty matter) measured in the Tall Oil Soap is 52.05%. 2 do The sample is introduced into the reactor, ensuring that it covers the electrodes and that the temperature is maintained constant. The reactor previously contains the sample of 5% sulfuric acid solution. 3 ro The power generator is configured to use a current intensity of 0.2 amps and to operate for a time of 70 minutes. 4 t0 In parallel, radio waves are applied with a 450 MHz carrier wave and a 100 kHz modulating wave, with sinusoidal geometry. 5 t0 A 50 KHz ultrasound with a power of 0.5 W is applied in parallel with the previous stimuli, for a period of 70 minutes. 6 t0Once the test is completed, the reaction product is subjected to centrifugation to separate the 3 phases.

[0078] Table 8 presents the results in the recovered oil phase. Table 8:

[0079] Test 7, reduction of seawater salts

[0080] Fifteen experiments were conducted with seawater in the context of desalination to achieve a water quality suitable for pretreatment for current osmosis plants. The results obtained are the average of these 15 experiments.

[0081] For the above, electric fields were applied in a cell composed of Aluminum (+) / Steel (-) and another cell composed of Lead-Calcium (+) / Steel (-), applying radiofrequency (450 MHz) in the form of pulses and 45 KHz ultrasound.

[0082] The process is a BATCH process and lasts an hour and a half. Decantation then takes place, and the clear water is pH-adjusted with CO2 and finally filtered. The results are presented in Table 9, representing the average of the 15 experiments.

[0083] In the process, when electric fields are applied along with radio frequency and ultrasound, components are separated. Very stable insoluble precipitates are formed that separate the ionic components from the water, allowing higher-quality water to enter the osmosis system.

[0084] The results are presented in Table 9. Table 9:

[0085] Table 9 shows several advantages: Conductivity Reduction: Conductivity is reduced by 54.8%. This result not only meets our projections but also indicates a significant improvement in the quality of the treated water, which is critical to maximizing the efficiency of the reverse osmosis system. Lower conductivity translates into lower contaminant loading, which will extend the life of the membranes and improve the quality of the produced water. Silica Removal: Silica is removed by an outstanding 91.8%. This result is crucial, as silica can cause scale buildup on reverse osmosis membranes, impairing their performance. Effective silica removal not only optimizes the treatment process but also ensures more efficient and sustainable long-term operation. Hardness Reduction (Calcium and Magnesium): 72% of the hardness is removed, which is essential to prevent the formation of deposits in the system and ensure proper operation. fluid. This result reinforces the effectiveness of our pretreatment process and its ability to handle the characteristics of seawater.

[0086] Another benefit is the greater hurdle to filtration through a membrane subjected to a given force. To do this, a 4 mL sample is subjected to a force of 10.28 N (Newtons). The volumetric flow rate is measured with a seawater sample and then compared with a sample of seawater. The results are shown in Table 10. Table 10:

[0087] Test 8, reduction of osmosis reject salts in well water

[0088] Twenty experiments were conducted with osmosis reject water from a saline well water treatment plant. The results presented represent the average of the 20 experiments.

[0089] The goal is to lower the conductivity, silica, and calcium content of the reject water, from 12 mS / cm to 4 mS / cm, reducing calcium and magnesium, as well as silica. Once the target is reached, this water is mixed with well water and reprocessed. In this way, the osmosis rejection loss, which is 50% to 55%, is reduced, the plant produces more water, and the efficiency of the osmosis plant increases.

[0090] For the above, electric fields were applied in a cell composed of Aluminum (+) / Steel (-) and another cell composed of Lead-Calcium (+) / Steel (-), applying radiofrequency (460 MHz) in the form of pulses and 40 KHz ultrasound.

[0091] The process is a BATCH process and lasts an hour and a half. Decantation then takes place, and the clear water is pH-adjusted with CO2 and finally filtered. The results are presented in Table 11.

[0092] In the process, the application of electric fields, combined with radio frequency and ultrasound, produces a separation of components. Very stable insoluble precipitates are formed that separate the ionic components from the water, allowing for improved water quality to enter the osmosis system. Table 11:

[0093] From Table 11, it can be seen that 63.3% of the conductivity is removed, which implies the removal of 63.3% of the salts. It is extremely important to remove all the silica, and a high percentage of the water hardness expressed in calcium and magnesium. This represents a major advantage for membranes, since the biggest problem is caused by silica and hardness, which clog the membranes.

[0094] The separation of components occurs in a BATCH process indicated above with very positive results.

[0095] The above demonstrates that the developed technology favors the separation of components and reduces matrix adhesion.

Claims

MODIFIED CLAIMS received by the International Bureau on June 12, 2025 (12.06.2025) 1. A process for promoting the availability of one or more components in a matrix, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: a) Receiving the matrix in a reaction zone. b) Applying a current flow to the matrix, with an electrical charge between 50 and 500 Coulomb / L in the case of organic matrices, and between 5000 and 12500 Coulomb / L in the case of inorganic matrices. c) Applying electromagnetic radiation to the matrix, with a carrier wave of 400 to 1500 MHz modulated with a wave of 1 to 2500 kHz. d) Obtaining a reaction product in the reaction zone with the matrix components in different phases. e) Subjecting the reaction product to a solid-liquid phase separation process.

2. The process of claim 1, characterized in that the current flow applied in step (b) is supplied by at least two electrodes arranged within the reaction zone and in contact with the matrix.

3. The process of any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the electromagnetic radiation of step (c) is applied in a pulsed manner by means of bursts of radio waves generated by at least one radio wave generator.

4. The process of any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the phase separation process of step (e) is carried out by centrifugation, filtration or decantation, selected based on the type of matrix processed.

5. The process of any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a magnetic field is additionally applied to the matrix with a magnetic flux density of between 0.5 and 2 Tesla.

6. The process of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that ultrasound waves with a frequency between 0.5 and 100 kHz and a power of 4 to 25 W / L are additionally applied.

7. The process of any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that additionally, mechanical stirring is carried out with a rotation speed between 60 and 330 rpm to homogenize the matrix during the treatment.

8. The process of any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the current flow and electromagnetic radiation of steps (b) and (c) are applied simultaneously or in a controlled sequence.

9. The process of any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the matrix is ​​selected from organic and inorganic, including oils of plant or animal origin, proteins, or aqueous solutions with dissolved salts.

10. The process of any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the adjustment of the application of the physical stimuli is carried out based on the dielectric constant of the matrix, obtained from a previous spectral scan.

11. A reactor for promoting the availability of one or more components in a matrix containing them, characterized in that it comprises: at least one reaction zone, arranged to receive the matrix and obtain a reaction product; at least one current generator, configured to apply a current flow on the matrix with an electrical charge between 50 and 500 Coulomb / L in organic matrices and between 5000 and 12500 Coulomb / L in inorganic matrices; at least one radio wave generator, arranged to apply electromagnetic radiation on the matrix, with a carrier wave of between 400 and 1500 MHz modulated with a wave of between 1 and 2500 kHz; and at least one control unit configured to control the operation of the at least one current generator and the at least one radio wave generator.

12. The reactor according to claim 11, characterized in that the current flow and electromagnetic radiation are applied for predetermined times ti and t2, respectively, where: ti depends on the conductivity of the matrix and the electrical load applied by the current generator. t2 depends on the frequency of the modulating wave selected according to the absorption spectrum of the matrix.

13. The reactor according to any one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that it comprises at least one ultrasound generator, arranged to apply ultrasound waves with a frequency between 0.5 and 100 kHz and a power of 4 to 25 W / L, improving the disintegration of particles in the matrix.

14. The reactor according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that it comprises at least one magnetic field generator, configured to apply a magnetic field on the matrix with a magnetic flux density of between 0.5 and 2 Tesla, optimizing the separation of components by altering intermolecular forces.

15. The reactor according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the radio wave generator is configured to modulate the carrier wave with a modulating wave of between 1 and 2500 kHz, adjusted according to the absorption spectrum of the matrix.

16. The reactor according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that it comprises at least one temperature sensor and / or a conductivity sensor, arranged to monitor the matrix in real time and optimize the application of the physical stimuli.

17. A system for separating one or more components from a matrix containing them, characterized in that it comprises one or more reactors according to any one of claims 11 to 16 and at least one separation machine, configured to receive the reaction product from the reactor and obtain by-products in separate phases, by filtration, decantation or centrifugation.

18. The system according to claim 17, characterized in that it comprises at least one adaptive control module, configured to adjust in real time the application of the current flow, the electromagnetic radiation, the magnetic field and / or the ultrasound based on the dielectric constant of the matrix, determined by means of a previous spectral scan and / or the conductivity measurement of the matrix in the reaction zone.

19. A method for separating one or more components from a matrix containing them, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: a) Receiving the matrix in a reaction zone of a reactor; b) Applying a current flow to the matrix with an electric charge of between 50 and 500 Coulomb / L in organic matrices and between 5000 and 12500 Coulomb / L in inorganic matrices; c) Applying electromagnetic radiation to the matrix with a carrier wave of between 400 and 1500 MHz, modulated with a wave of between 1 and 2500 kHz; d) Obtaining a reaction product in the reaction zone; e) Subjecting the reaction product to a solid-liquid phase separation process, by filtration, decantation or centrifugation; f) Optionally, applying at least one of the following physical stimuli: or Ultrasound waves with a frequency between 0.5 and 100 kHz and a power of 4 to 25 W / L; or A magnetic field with a magnetic flux density of between 0.5 and 2 Tesla; or Mechanical agitation with a rotation speed between 60 and 330 rpm. g) Adjusting the application of the physical stimuli based on the dielectric constant of the matrix, determined by means of a prior spectral scan.

0. Use of the process according to the claimed method, for the extraction of oils from organic matrices, characterized in that it is applied in: Rosehip oil, krill oil and grape seed oil; Organic matrices processed in the reactor in the presence of an aqueous solution with organic acids, such as acetic acid and citric acid, in concentrations between 0.5% and 5%; By applying current flow and electromagnetic radiation simultaneously or in a controlled sequence to facilitate phase separation.

1. Use of the process according to the claimed method for removing salts from inorganic matrices, characterized in that it is applied in: Seawater as a pretreatment for reverse osmosis, reducing its conductivity and removing silica and hardness; Osmosis reject water in the treatment of saline well water, reducing the ionic charge and allowing its reprocessing; Inorganic matrices in which the application of current flow and electromagnetic radiation cause the formation of insoluble precipitates that can be removed by solid-liquid separation.

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