Thermal management structure for electronic component and method of manufacturing such structure
A composite thermal management structure with a hybrid mixture of organic phase change material and liquid metal, encapsulated within a non-permeable surface, addresses leakage and corrosion issues, enhancing heat transfer efficiency and structural integrity for reliable electronic cooling.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077325
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing thermal management solutions for electronic devices face challenges such as leakage, limited phase transition range, compatibility issues, oxidation, corrosion, and inefficient heat dissipation due to the use of phase change materials (PCMs), necessitating a more reliable and efficient cooling system.
A thermal management structure comprising a composite material with a porous matrix and a hybrid mixture of organic phase change material and liquid metal, encapsulated within a non-permeable surface to prevent leakage, enhance heat transfer efficiency, and improve corrosion resistance, using techniques like hot-air assisted surface melting and parylene thin film deposition.
The solution provides enhanced heat transfer efficiency, minimizes PCM leakage, and ensures structural integrity and longevity of the cooling system, addressing the limitations of traditional PCM-based cooling methods.
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Figure CN2024077325_21082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
THERMAL MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE FOR ELECTRONIC COMPONENT AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUCH STRUCTURETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The disclosure relates to a thermal management structure comprising a composite material and a method of manufacturing such a thermal management structure.BACKGROUND
[0002] The increasing demand for high-performance electronic devices has led to the development of more powerful chips, which inevitably generate a significant amount of heat during operation. In fact, it is estimated that approximately 50 %of the power consumed by a chip is converted into heat, necessitating efficient heat removal from the system. Failure to effectively manage and dissipate this heat can have detrimental effects on the performance and reliability of electronic devices.
[0003] Phase change materials (PCMs) are being used to manage such substantial heat production. PCMs are abile to absorb and release thermal energy during phase transitions. By harnessing the latent heat associated with phase changes, PCMs provide a means to address the escalating thermal challenges in electronic devices.
[0004] Materials like PCMs absorb and dissipate the heat flux generated by electronic devices. When the temperature surpasses the melting or boiling point of the material, a phase change occurs, leading to a substantial absorption of energy due to the large latent heat capacity. This phenomenon results in a "temperature shaving" effect, preventing the electronic components from reaching critical temperatures that could compromise their reliability and lifespan.
[0005] The choice of which PCM to use involves careful considerations of its phase change properties, volumetric latent heat, and the overall Figure of Merit. These factors collectively determine the PCM's ability to absorb and release heat efficiently, ensuring optimal temperature control in electronic devices. Disadvantages of PCMs include leakage and limited effective range for phase transition, and compatibility issues. Other materials may face challenges relating to oxidation, corrosion, poor wetting, and pump-out issues.
[0006] Hence, there is a need for an thermal management structure addressing the above-mentinoed disadvantages.SUMMARY
[0007] It is an object to provide an improved thermal management structure for electronic components. The foregoing and other objects are achieved by the features of the independent claims. Further implementation forms are apparent from the dependent claims, the description, and the figures.
[0008] According to a first aspect, there is provided a thermal management structure comprising a composite material, the composite material comprising a porous matrix; and a hybrid mixture dispersed within the porous matrix, the hybrid mixture comprising an organic phase change material and a liquid metal; a surface of the thermal management structure being configured to encapsulate the hybrid mixture within the porous matrix.
[0009] This solution enhances the efficiency of electronic cooling systems. By leveraging the unique properties of phase change materials, such as their ability to absorb and release thermal energy during phase transitions, the hybrid mixture offers several advantages over traditional cooling methods. The combination of liquid metal and organic phase change material provides a high volumetric latent heat capacity, allowing for efficient heat transfer. The liquid metal component improves heat transfer efficiency, while the organic phase change material offers better corrosion and oxidation resistance, addressing the limitations associated with using these materials separately. Additionally, the solution includes a seal mitigating leakage issues during operation. By including a robust sealing mechanism, the risk of phase change material leakage is minimized, ensuring the longevity and reliability of the cooling system using the thermal management structure.
[0010] In a possible implementation form of the first aspect, the porous matrix is a metallic foam, a graphene foam, or a thermoplastic polymer foam. By using temperature stable materials, the range of techniques that can be used for making the surface of the composite material non-permeable to the hybrid mixture is increased.
[0011] In a further possible implementation form of the first aspect, a surface of the composite material forms the surface of the thermal management structure, the surface of the composite material being non-permeable to the hybrid mixture. This minimizes the risk of phase change material leakage without sacrificing phase change material volume, and also reinforces the structural integrity of the composite material, providing a durable and stable configuration.
[0012] In a further possible implementation form of the first aspect, the surface of the composite material is mechanically or chemically treated to be non-permeable to the hybrid mixture. This minimizes the risk of phase change material leakage without sacrificing phase change material volume, and it can be executed in a relatively simple and reliable way.
[0013] In a further possible implementation form of the first aspect, the surface of the composite material is subjected to hot-air assisted surface melting. This molten state encapsulates the embedded hybrid mixture within the matrix, forming a robust and uniform coating on the surface.
[0014] In a further possible implementation form of the first aspect, an encapsulation layer deposited onto the composite material forms the surface of the thermal management structure, the encapsulation layer being non-permeable to the hybrid mixture. This minimizes the risk of phase change material leakage and ensures the longevity and reliability of the cooling system using the thermal management structure.
[0015] In a further possible implementation form of the first aspect, a further inorganic barrier layer is deposited onto the encapsulation layer, strengthening the seal further and providing a barrier against external factors.
[0016] In a further possible implementation form of the first aspect, the encapsulation layer comprises a parylene thin film. This approach not only provides an effective seal but also offers the flexibility to enhance the sealing effect through the addition of an inorganic barrier layer. Furthermore, this protective encapsulation provides a barrier against external factors.
[0017] In a further possible implementation form of the first aspect, the encapsulation layer comprises at least one thermally conductive film or a thermally conductive coating. This allows a number of characteristics to be selected and improved.
[0018] In a further possible implementation form of the first aspect, the thermally conductive film comprises one or several layers of metalized polymer, metal foil, Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene film, and graphene or graphite sheets. Each layer has unique material properties, allowing for adaptability to specific application requirements, such as flexibility, weight considerations, and environmental constraints.
[0019] In a further possible implementation form of the first aspect, the thermally conductive coating is deposited by means of sputtering, ensuring a uniform and controlled deposition of the layer, contributing to the consistency and reliability of the encapsulation.
[0020] In a further possible implementation form of the first aspect, a graphene sheet is laminated onto the onto the thermally conductive coating, introducing additional heat conductivity and optimizing the overall thermal performance of the system.
[0021] According to a second aspect, there is provided an electronic apparatus wherein at least one electronic component comprises the thermal management structure according to the above. This solution provides an electronic apparatus with enhanced electronic cooling.
[0022] According to a third aspect, there is provided a method of manufacturing a thermal management structure for electronic components, the method comprising the steps of producing a hybrid mixture by mixing an organic phase change material with a liquid metal; dispersing the hybrid mixture within a porous matrix such that the hybrid mixture and the porous matrix form a composite material; encapsulating the hybrid mixture within the porous matrix by making a surface of the thermal management structure non-permeable to the hybrid mixture. This method enhances the efficiency of the thermal management structure while facilitating manufacture.
[0023] In a possible implementation form of the third aspect, the hybrid mixture is manufactured by means of mechanical mixing, ultrasonication, electrostatic attraction, or solvent mixing. This allows a variety of manufacturing methods.
[0024] In a further possible implementation form of the third aspect, the surface of the thermal management structure is made non-permeable to the hybrid mixture by subjecting a surface of the composite material to mechanical or chemical treatment. This minimizes the risk of phase change material leakage without sacrificing phase change material volume, and also reinforces the structural integrity of the composite material, providing a durable and stable configuration.
[0025] In a further possible implementation form of the third aspect, the surface of the thermal management structure is made non-permeable to the hybrid mixture by depositing an encapsulation layer onto the composite material. This allows a number of characteristics to be selected and improved.
[0026] In a further possible implementation form of the third aspect, the encapsulation layer is deposited using chemical vapor deposition, sputtering, or lamination methods. This enhances versatility, making the structure adaptable to a variety of electronic device configurations.
[0027] In a further possible implementation form of the third aspect, the mechanical treatment is hot-air assisted surface melting. The hot air induces a controlled surface melting effect on the composite material. This molten state encapsulates the embedded hybrid mixture within the matrix, forming a robust and uniform coating on the surface.
[0028] In a further possible implementation form of the third aspect, the encapsulation layer comprises at least one thermally conductive film or a thermally conductive coating. This allows a number of characteristics to be selected and improved.
[0029] In a further possible implementation form of the third aspect, the encapsulation layer comprises a parylene thin film. This approach not only provides an effective seal but also offers the flexibility to enhance the sealing effect through the addition of an inorganic barrier layer. Furthermore, this protective encapsulation provides a barrier against external factors.
[0030] In a further possible implementation form of the third aspect, the encapsulation layer comprises one or several of a metalized polymer, a metal foil, an Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene film, and graphene / graphite sheets. Each layer has unique material properties, allowing for adaptability to specific application requirements, such as flexibility, weight considerations, and environmental constraints.
[0031] These and other aspects will be apparent from the embodiments described below.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0032] In the following detailed portion of the present disclosure, the aspects, embodiments, and implementations will be explained in more detail with reference to the example embodiments shown in the drawings, in which:
[0033] Fig. 1 shows an illustration of a thermal management structure in accordance with an example of the embodiments of the disclosure;
[0034] Fig. 2 shows an illustration of an electronic apparatus comprising a thermal management structure in accordance with an example of the embodiments of the disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0035] The present invention relates to a thermal management structure 1 comprising a composite material 2, the composite material 2 comprising a porous matrix 3; and a hybrid mixture 4 dispersed within the porous matrix 3, the hybrid mixture 4 comprising an organic phase change material 4a and a liquid metal 4b; a surface 1a, 1b of the thermal management structure 1 being configured to encapsulate the hybrid mixture 4 within the porous matrix 3.
[0036] The thermal management structure 1, illustrated in Fig. 1, comprises a composite material 2. The composite material 2 comprises a porous matrix 3 and a hybrid mixture 4 dispersed within the porous matrix 3. By “dispersed” means that the hybrid mixture 4 is distributed more or less evenly throughout the porous matrix 2.
[0037] The porous matrix 3 comprises a metallic foam, a graphene foam, or a thermoplastic polymer foam.
[0038] The hybrid mixture 4 comprises an organic phase change material 4a and a liquid metal 4b.
[0039] A surface 1a, 1b of the thermal management structure 1 is configured to encapsulate the hybrid mixture 4 within the porous matrix 3. By “encapsulate” is meant to provide a barrier prevening the hybrid mixture 4 from evaporating or dissipating from the porous matrix 3.
[0040] In one embodiment, surface of the composite material 2 forms the surface 1a of the thermal management structure 1. The surface of the composite material 2 and the surface 1a of the thermal management structure 1 are, in other words, the same, identical surface as illustrated in the top portion of Fig. 1.
[0041] The surface of the composite material 2 is non-permeable to the hybrid mixture 4, i.e. the particles of the hybrid mixture 4 cannot move through the surface as the surface forms a barrier locking the hybrid mixture 4 into the main volume, or core, of the porous matrix 3. Any hybrid mixture 4 particles that are dispersed within the surface are trapped, stationary, within the surface.
[0042] The surface of the composite material may be mechanically or chemically treated to be non-permeable to the hybrid mixture. For example, the surface of the composite material may be subjected to hot-air assisted surface melting.
[0043] In a further embodiment, an encapsulation layer 5 is deposited onto the composite material 2 to form the surface 1b of the thermal management structure 1. The composite material 2 and the surface 1a of the thermal management structure 1 are, in other words, two distinct volumes or areas as illustrated in the bottom portion of Fig. 1.
[0044] The encapsulation layer 5 is non-permeable to the hybrid mixture 4, i.e. the particles of the hybrid mixture 4 cannot move through the encapsulation layer 5 as it forms a barrier locking the hybrid mixture 4 into the porous matrix 3.
[0045] A further inorganic barrier layer 6 may be deposited onto the encapsulation layer 5. The option to add an inorganic barrier layer provides versatility in tailoring the encapsulation to specific requirements, enhancing the overall robustness of the system.
[0046] In one embodiment, the encapsulation layer 5 comprises a parylene thin film. The parylene thin film deposition ensures a conformal coating, conforming precisely to the contours of the composite material. The controlled deposition process results in a uniform and reliable seal, offering consistent encapsulation across the entire surface. The parylene thin film serves as a protective layer, shielding the composite material from environmental factors, moisture, and potential contaminants. The encapsulation technique significantly contributes to the durability and longevity of the thermal management structure 1, ensuring sustained performance over time. This state-of-the-art encapsulation method, involving parylene thin film deposition in an inorganic matrix, represents a remarkable advancement in thermal management solutions. The combination of graphene foam or a similar inorganic matrix with parylene encapsulation offers efficiency, protection, and adaptability for diverse applications in electronic devices.
[0047] In further embodiments, the encapsulation layer 5 comprises at least one thermally conductive film or a thermally conductive coating.
[0048] The thermally conductive film may comprise one or several layers of metalized polymer, metal foil, Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene film, and graphene or graphite sheets. A metalized polymer coating offers a blend of flexibility and improved thermal conductivity. A thin layer of metal foil, such as aluminum or copper, provides excellent thermal conductivity and heat-spreading capabilities. Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) films may have very high thermal conductivity and same time to provide good adhesion with matrix. The inclusion of graphene / graphite sheets may provide very high barrier performance and same time has superior thermal conductivity.
[0049] The thermally conductive coating may be deposited by means of sputtering. A graphene sheet 6 may be laminated onto the thermally conductive coating.
[0050] Furthermore, the present invention relates an electronic apparatus 7 wherein at least one electronic component comprises the thermal management structure 1 described above. The electronic apparatus 7 is illustrated in Fig. 2 and could be any kind of electronic apparatus such as a smartphone, tabet, or laptop computer.
[0051] The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a thermal management structure 1 for electronic components, the method comprising the steps of producing a hybrid mixture 4 by mixing an organic phase change material 4a with a liquid metal 4b; dispersing the hybrid mixture 4 within a porous matrix 3 such that the hybrid mixture 4 and the porous matrix 3 form a composite material 2; encapsulating the hybrid mixture 4 within the porous matrix 3 by making a surface 1a, 1b of the thermal management structure 1 non-permeable to the hybrid mixture 4.
[0052] The manufacture of a thermal management structure 1 for electronic components is initiated by first producing a hybrid mixture 4 by mixing an organic phase change material 4a with a liquid metal 4b. The hybrid mixture 4 may be manufactured by means of mechanical mixing, ultrasonication, electrostatic attraction, or solvent mixing.
[0053] Mechanical Mixing may be done by using mechanical stirrers or mixers to blend the two components together. The mixing process should be carried out at an appropriate temperature to ensure that the organic phase change material is in its liquid state. In ultrasonication, high-frequency ultrasound waves are applied to the mixture, causing cavitation and the formation of microbubbles. The collapse of these bubbles generates intense local agitation, promoting the dispersion and mixing of the phase change material within the liquid metal. Electrostatic attraction involves charging the phase change material particles and the liquid metal with opposite charges. The charged particles are then attracted to the oppositely charged liquid metal, resulting in their dispersion and mixing within the liquid metal matrix. Another approach is to dissolve the organic phase change material in a suitable solvent and then mix it with the liquid metal, i.e. solvent mixing. The solvent acts as a carrier for the phase change material, facilitating its dispersion within the liquid metal. After mixing, the solvent can be evaporated or removed through other means, leaving behind a uniform composite material.
[0054] Thereafter, the hybrid mixture 4 is dispersed within a porous matrix 3 such that the hybrid mixture 4 and the porous matrix 3 form a composite material 2. Such a matrix, for example with porosity levels reaching up to 85-90 %, provides an ideal environment for the integration of liquid metal and organic phase change material.
[0055] Lastly, the hybrid mixture 4 is encapsulated within the porous matrix 3 by making a surface 1a, 1b of the thermal management structure 1 non-permeable to the hybrid mixture 4.
[0056] In one embodiment, the surface 1a of the thermal management structure 1 is made non-permeable to the hybrid mixture 4 by subjecting a surface of the composite material 2 to mechanical or chemical treatment. The mechanical treatment may comprise hot-air assisted surface meltin, in which case hot air, utilizing gases such as nitrogen, argon, or air, is precisely applied to the surface of the composite material.
[0057] In a further embodiment, the surface 1b of the thermal management structure 1 is made non-permeable to the hybrid mixture 4 by depositing an encapsulation layer 5 onto the composite material 2. The encapsulation layer 5 may be deposited using chemical vapor deposition, sputtering, or lamination methods.
[0058] The encapsulation layer may comprise at least one thermally conductive film or a thermally conductive coating. The encapsulation layer may comprise a parylene thin film or, optionally, the encapsulation layer may comprise one or several of a metalized polymer, a metal foil, an Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene film, and graphene / graphite sheets.
[0059] The various aspects and implementations have been described in conjunction with various embodiments herein. However, other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed subject-matter, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word “comprising” does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measured cannot be used to advantage.
[0060] The reference signs used in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the scope. Unless otherwise indicated, the drawings are intended to be read (e.g., cross-hatching, arrangement of parts, proportion, degree, etc. ) together with the specification, and are to be considered a portion of the entire written description of this disclosure. As used in the description, the terms “horizontal” , “vertical” , “left” , “right” , “up” and “down” , as well as adjectival and adverbial derivatives thereof (e.g., “horizontally” , “rightwardly” , “upwardly” , etc. ) , simply refer to the orientation of the illustrated structure as the particular drawing figure faces the reader. Similarly, the terms “inwardly” and “outwardly” generally refer to the orientation of a surface relative to its axis of elongation, or axis of rotation, as appropriate.
Claims
1.A thermal management structure (1) comprising a composite material (2) ,said composite material (2) comprising-a porous matrix (3) ; and-a hybrid mixture (4) dispersed within said porous matrix (3) ,said hybrid mixture (4) comprising:--an organic phase change material (4a) and--a liquid metal (4b) ;a surface (1a, 1b) of said thermal management structure (1) being configured to encapsulate said hybrid mixture (4) within said porous matrix (3) .2.The thermal management structure (1) according to claim 1, wherein said porous matrix (3) is a metallic foam, a graphene foam, or a thermoplastic polymer foam.3.The thermal management structure (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a surface of said composite material (2) forms said surface (1a) of said thermal management structure (1) , said surface of said composite material (2) being non-permeable to said hybrid mixture (4) .4.The thermal management structure (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an encapsulation layer (5) deposited onto said composite material (2) forms said surface (1b) of said thermal management structure (1) , said encapsulation layer (5) being non-permeable to said hybrid mixture (4) .5.The thermal management structure (1) according to claim 4, wherein a further inorganic barrier layer (6) is deposited onto said encapsulation layer (5) .6.The thermal management structure (1) according to claim 4 or 5, wherein said encapsulation layer (5) comprises a parylene thin film.7.The thermal management structure (1) according to claim 4 or 5, wherein said encapsulation layer (5) comprises at least one thermally conductive film or a thermally conductive coating.8.The thermal management structure (1) according to claim 7, wherein said thermally conductive film comprises one or several layers of metalized polymer, metal foil, Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene film, and graphene or graphite sheets.9.The thermal management structure (1) according to claim 7, wherein a graphene sheet (6) is laminated onto said onto said thermally conductive coating.10.An electronic apparatus (7) wherein at least one electronic component comprises the thermal management structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9.11.A method of manufacturing a thermal management structure (1) for electronic components, said method comprising the steps of:-producing a hybrid mixture (4) by mixing an organic phase change material (4a) with a liquid metal (4b) ;-dispersing said hybrid mixture (4) within a porous matrix (3) such that said hybrid mixture (4) and said porous matrix (3) form a composite material (2) ;-encapsulating said hybrid mixture (4) within said porous matrix (3) by making a surface (1a, 1b) of said thermal management structure (1) non-permeable to said hybrid mixture (4) .12.The method according to claim 11, wherein said hybrid mixture (4) is manufactured by means of mechanical mixing, ultrasonication, electrostatic attraction, or solvent mixing.13.The method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein said surface (1a) of said thermal management structure (1) is made non-permeable to said hybrid mixture (4) by subjecting a surface of said composite material (2) to mechanical or chemical treatment.14.The method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein said surface (1b) of said thermal management structure (1) is made non-permeable to said hybrid mixture (4) by depositing an encapsulation layer (5) onto said composite material (2) .15.The method according to claim 14, wherein said encapsulation layer (5) is deposited using chemical vapor deposition, sputtering, or lamination methods.
Citation Information
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