A base station antenna having a reduced number of components and interfaces
By using a single substrate layer and simplifying the antenna structure with cut-out ground elements, the number of components and weight are reduced, leading to lower costs and improved assembly efficiency in base station antennas.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077941
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-28
AI Technical Summary
Existing base station antennas are costly and have a high number of components, which increases weight and manufacturing complexity without providing adequate performance improvements.
Replace multiple PCB substrates with a single substrate layer for radiating elements, and use cut-out and bent ground elements to simplify the antenna structure, reducing components and interfaces while maintaining or improving performance.
Reduces the number of components and weight, lowers material and manufacturing costs, and simplifies assembly while maintaining or enhancing antenna performance.
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Figure CN2024077941_28082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A BASE STATION ANTENNA HAVING A REDUCED NUMBER OF COMPONENTS AND INTERFACESTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to antennas for base stations. The base station antennas of this disclosure comprises substrate layers, which include multiple radiating and / or conductive structures of one or more radiating elements of the antenna. The disclosure also provides methods for fabricating the base station antennas.BACKGROUND
[0002] Network operators are striving for low cost base station antennas, which should offer the same or even better performance than existing products. Most base station antenna designs are mainly based on printed circuit board (PCB) technology. However, even a 3D molded interconnect (MID) plus laser direct structuring (LDS) technology does not offer a sufficient low-cost solution for next generation base station antennas. Thus, new low-cost approaches are desired, and should offer less weight, less components, and hence less interfaces.SUMMARY
[0003] The present disclosure and its solutions are further based on the following considerations.
[0004] An exemplary base station antenna 10 is shown in FIG. 1. The antenna 10 comprises a reflector layer 11, and a plurality of radiating elements 13. The radiating elements 13 are arranged above the reflector layer 11. Each radiating element 13 comprises four PCBs. A ground of each radiating element 13 is electrically connected to the reflector layer 11 via a base PCB 16, which is on the other hand connected to two crossing PCB-based feeding elements 15 of said radiating element 13. The head of each radiating element is connected electrically to these PCB-based feeding elements 15 and comprises itself a PCB material, which supports radiating and / or conductive structures 14 of the radiating element 13. Alternatively, the radiating element’s head and the two crossing feeding elements may be realized by structured sheet metal. In an extended version of the arrangement shown in FIG. 1, the antenna 10 may further comprise passive elements, for instance directors, which can also be realized via PCB material supporting suitable conductive structures. Notably, for the sake of clarity, supporting plastic components are not shown in FIG. 1.
[0005] The exemplary antenna 10 shown in FIG. 1 is made of a large number of PCB elements, wherein the number is growing with an increasing number of radiating elements 13. As mentioned before, each radiating element 13 may comprise four or even five (in the case with the passive elements) costly PCBs.
[0006] In view of the above, an objective of this disclosure is to provide an improved base station antenna. Objectives are to reduce the number of components of the antenna, the weight of the antenna, and material costs of the antenna compared to a conventional or the exemplary base station antenna. Reducing manufacturing costs of the antenna is another objective, while maintaining the same performance of a conventional or the exemplary antenna, or even improving it.
[0007] These and other objectives are achieved by the solutions of this disclosure, as described in the independent claims. Advantageous implementations are further described in the dependent claims.
[0008] A first aspect of this disclosure provides an antenna for a base station, the antenna comprising: a ground and / or reflector layer; a first substrate layer arranged in a distance to the ground and / or reflector layer; and multiple radiating elements; wherein at least two of the radiating elements each comprise a radiating structure and a feeding structure that extends from the ground and / or reflector layer to the first substrate layer and is configured to feed the radiating structure; and wherein the first substrate layer comprises the radiating structures of the at least two radiating elements.
[0009] In this solution, the multiple PCB substrates of a conventional base station antenna, wherein the PCB substrates individually carry the radiating structures of multiple radiating elements, can be replaced by one single substrate layer. The substrate layer may be a film or a foil or a plastic-sheet or the like, and comprises the radiating structures of two or more radiating elements. This approach of using a common substrate layer for multiple radiating elements may be applied to various other layers of the antenna. For instance, also to layers containing passive elements and / or conductive structures of the radiating elements, which may be relevant for the performance of the antenna, for instance, directors or meta-surfaces.
[0010] With this solution the number of components of the antenna of the first aspect can be reduced compared to a conventional or the exemplary base station antenna. Also the weight of the antenna of the first aspect can be reduced using the common first substrate layer, since the substrate layer may be thin and / or light of weight. As a consequence, material costs of the antenna of the first aspects are lowered, and also manufacturing costs of the antenna can be reduced, since its assembly is simplified. The antenna of the first aspect still has the same or even better performance than a conventional antenna or the exemplary antenna for a base station.
[0011] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the antenna further comprises a second substrate layer arranged in a distance to the first substrate layer and placed on the other side of the first substrate layer than the ground and / or reflector layer; wherein the at least two radiating elements each further comprise a conductive structure; and wherein the second substrate layer comprises the conductive structures of the at least two radiating elements.
[0012] The second substrate layer helps to further reduce the number of components of the antenna of the first aspect, and to reduce its weight. The antenna of the first aspect may even comprise one or more additional substrate layers placed in a distance to the second substrate layer and comprising further passive and / or conductive structures of the at least two radiating elements.
[0013] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the conductive structures are active radiating structures, or are passive radiating structures and / or directors.
[0014] If the conductive structures are active radiating structures, they may also be connected electrically to the feeding structure of the radiating element. The feeding structure may be configured to feed also such additional radiating structures of the radiating element.
[0015] In an implementation form of the first aspect, at least one of the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer is a dielectric foil, wherein the radiating structures or the conductive structures of the at least two radiating elements are respectively formed in or on the dielectric foil.
[0016] A foil may be very thin and lightweight. A foil may further simplify the assembly of the antenna, for example, as it may simply be wrapped around a supporting structure of the antenna, due to its flexibility.
[0017] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the antenna further comprises a support structure configured to support at least one of the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer.
[0018] The substrate layers may be attached to and / or wrapped around the supporting structure of the antenna. The supporting structure provides stability to the antenna, and allows an easy assembly of the antenna’s radiating elements. The supporting structure may be made of a cheap and lightweight material, for instance, a plastic.
[0019] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the feeding element of at least one radiating element comprises a ground element, wherein the ground element is formed by a portion of the ground and / or reflector layer, and wherein said portion is partly cut-out and bent such that it forms an angle in a range of 75° -105° with the rest of the ground and / or reflector layer.
[0020] For instance, said angle could be in a range of 80° -100°, for example, in a range of 87.5° or 92.5°, or may be specifically around 90°.
[0021] Using such a cut-out ground element for the feeding structure and, for example, balun, of the at least one radiating element allows further reducing the number of mechanical and electrical interfaces in the antenna of the first aspect. After cutting out the one or more portions of the ground and / or reflector layer, these portions can be bent up and connected electrically to the dedicated radiating structures of the radiating elements.
[0022] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the antenna further comprises a feeding network element, which is arranged next to the ground and / or reflector layer such that it covers an opening in the ground and / or reflector layer, wherein the opening is caused by the partly cut out of the portion of the ground and / or reflector layer.
[0023] Thus, resulting holes in the ground and / or reflector layer can be easily closed by the application of one or more feeding network elements, for instance, a distribution network element, etc. The same advantage can be achieved by applying a sheet metal next to the holes to cover the holes.
[0024] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the feeding element of at least one radiating element comprises two ground elements, wherein the two ground elements are formed by two separate portions of the ground and / or reflector layer, and wherein said separate portions are each partly cut out and bent such that they form an angle in a range of 75° -105° with the rest of the ground and / or reflector layer.
[0025] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the two separate portions are symmetrically bent away from the rest of the ground and / or reflector layer such that they come to face each other in the feeding element.
[0026] That is, the two separate portions, which are partly cut out from the ground and / or reflector layer, may respectively be folded upwards but with different directions of rotation.
[0027] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the feeding element of each radiating element comprises a feeding line, wherein the feeding line is electrically connected to the radiating structure of the radiating element.
[0028] The feeding line may be used to feed the radiating structure, i.e., to provide (current) signals to the radiating structure, so as to cause it to radiate the provided signals as electromagnetic waves over the air.
[0029] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the feeding line is formed in or on a sheet, wherein the sheet is attached to the ground element of the feeding element, and / or the feeding line and the ground element form a microstrip line.
[0030] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the feeding line is formed in or on a sheet, wherein the sheet is sandwiched between the two ground elements of the feeding element, and / or the feeding line and the two ground elements form a stripline.
[0031] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the at least two radiating elements are arranged along a first axis, and wherein an axis of bend of the partly cut-out and bent portions is parallel to the first axis.
[0032] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the at least two radiating elements are arranged along a first axis, and wherein an axis of bend of the partly cut-out and bent portions is perpendicular to the first axis.
[0033] Thereby, the cut out portions may be bent up from the same side for each radiating element, or may be bent up in an alternating manner for the radiating elements. These variants offer the possibility for achieving a beneficial signal distribution.
[0034] A second aspect of this disclosure provides an antenna for a base station, the antenna comprising: a ground and / or reflector layer; a support structure having a first support element and a second support element, which are located at different distances to the ground and / or reflector layer; and a radiating element; wherein the radiating element comprises a conductive structure, a radiating structure, and a feeding structure that extends from the ground and / or reflector layer to the radiating structure and is configured to feed the radiating structure; wherein the radiating structure and the conductive structure are formed by a substrate layer, which comprises the radiating structure and the conductive structure and is attached to the support structure; wherein the radiating structure is arranged at least partly on the first support element and the conductive structure is arranged on the second support element.
[0035] The radiating structure could be partially arranged on the first support element and / or partially arranged on the second support element. Therefore, the feeding structure may extend not only to the first support element, but also the second support element. The antenna may comprise more than two, for instance, three support elements. For instance, in the case of three support elements, the substrate layer of the antenna may comprise radiating structures, which are arranged on the top and bottom support element, and may further comprise a meta-surface and / or passive conductive elements, which is / are arranged on an intermediate support element, wherein the intermediate support element is arranged between the top support element and the bottom support element.
[0036] With this solution of the disclosure, the number of components of the antenna of the second aspect can be reduced compared to a conventional or the exemplary antenna. Also the weight of the antenna can be reduced using the substrate layer, which may be very thin and lightweight. As a consequence, material costs of the antenna of the second aspect are lower, and also manufacturing costs of the antenna can be reduced, since assembly is simplified. The antenna of the second aspect still has the same or even better performance than a conventional or the exemplary antenna for a base station.
[0037] In an implementation form of the second aspect, the first support element is closer to the ground and / or reflector layer than the second support element, or wherein the second support element is closer to the ground and / or reflector layer than the first support element.
[0038] In an implementation form of the second aspect, the radiating structure is arranged partly on the first support element and partly on the second support element.
[0039] A third aspect of this disclosure provides a method for fabricating an antenna for a base station, the method comprising: providing a ground and / or reflector layer; forming a first substrate layer in a distance to the ground and / or reflector layer; and forming multiple radiating elements; wherein at least two of the radiating elements each comprise a radiating structure and a feeding structure that extends from the ground and / or reflector layer to the first substrate layer and is designed to feed the radiating structure; and wherein the radiating structures of the at least two radiating elements are formed in or on the first substrate layer.
[0040] The method may include attaching the first substrate layer to a support structure, which is simple and may allow reducing the number of components.
[0041] In an implementation form of the third aspect, forming the first substrate layer comprises forming the radiating structures in or on a foil, or providing a foil with pre-formed radiating structures as the first substrate layer, and attaching the first substrate layer to the support structure.
[0042] In an implementation form of the third aspect, the method further comprises forming a second substrate layer in a distance to the first substrate layer and on the other side of the first substrate layer than the ground and / or reflector layer; wherein the at least two radiating elements each further comprise a conductive structure; and wherein the conductive structures of the at least two radiating elements are formed in or on the second substrate layer.
[0043] The antenna may be formed with more than two substrate layers. Further substrate layers could add further beneficial structures for a further improvement of the antenna.
[0044] In an implementation form of the third aspect, the feeding element of at least one radiating element comprises a ground element, wherein the ground element is formed by cutting out a portion of the ground and / or reflector layer and bending said portion to an angle of 75° -105° with the rest of the ground and / or reflector layer.
[0045] This allows a simplified manufacturing of the ground elements, and helps reducing the number of components of the antenna.
[0046] The method of the third aspect provides the same advantages as the antenna of the first aspect, and may have corresponding implementation forms.
[0047] A fourth aspect of this disclosure provides a method for fabricating an antenna for a base station, the method comprising: providing a ground and / or reflector layer; forming a support structure having a first support element and a second support element, which are located at different distances to the ground and / or reflector layer; and forming a radiating element; wherein the radiating element comprises a conductive structure, a radiating structure, and a feeding structure that extends from the ground and / or reflector layer to radiating structure and is designed to feed the radiating structure; wherein the radiating structure and the conductive structure are formed by attaching a substrate layer, which comprises the radiating structure and the conductive structure, to the support structure; and wherein the radiating structure is arranged at least partly on the first support element and the conductive structure is arranged on the second support element.
[0048] The antenna may be formed with more than two support elements, for instance, three support elements. The substrate layer may be easily wrapped around and attached to the support structure, in order to implement an easy assembly.
[0049] The method of the fourth aspect provides the same advantages as the antenna of the second aspect, and may have corresponding implementation forms.
[0050] In summary of the above aspects and implementation forms, improved base station antennas are provided by this disclosure, wherein the antennas have a reduced number of components and are of low weight. To this end, the radiating structures of at least two radiating elements are formed by one single substrate layer, or conductive structures and radiating structures of a radiating element are formed by one single substrate layer. Moreover the ground elements of the feeding structures of these antennas can be cut out of the reflector and / or ground layer. The cut out portions may be bent up into an inclined or vertical positions to form the ground elements, and feeding lines may be added to the ground elements. For instance, a microstrip line or stripline approach may be used. Additional substrate layers can be applied to the antennas, either connected or not connected to the feeding structure of the radiating element (s) .BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0051] The above described aspects and implementation forms are explained in the following description in relation to the enclosed drawings, in which:
[0052] FIG. 1 shows an exemplary antenna for a base station.
[0053] FIG. 2 shows an antenna for a base station according to this disclosure with a first substrate layer that includes radiating structures of multiple radiating elements.
[0054] FIG. 3 shows an antenna for a base station according to this disclosure with a first and a second substrate layer that includes conductive structures of multiple radiating elements.
[0055] FIG. 4 shows an antenna for a base station according to this disclosure with a first substrate layer and one ground element per radiating element, which is cut out from the ground and / or reflector layer.
[0056] FIG. 5 shows an antenna for a base station according to this disclosure with a first and a second substrate layer and with one ground element per radiating element, which is cut out from the ground and / or reflector layer.
[0057] FIG. 6 shows possible implementations of feeding lines of a feeding structure of a radiating element in an antenna according to this disclosure.
[0058] FIG. 7 shows an antenna for a base station according to this disclosure with a first substrate layer and two ground elements, which are cut out per radiating element from the ground and / or reflector layer.
[0059] FIG. 8 shows possible implementations of feeding lines of a feeding structure of a radiating element in an antenna according to this disclosure
[0060] FIG. 9 shows an antenna for a base station according to this disclosure with a first substrate layer and one ground element per radiating element, which is cut out from the ground and / or reflector layer.
[0061] FIG. 10 shows an antenna for a base station according to this disclosure with a first substrate layer and two ground elements per radiating element, which are cut out from the ground and / or reflector layer
[0062] FIG. 11 shows a radiating element of an antenna according to this disclosure connected to a distribution network.
[0063] FIG. 12 shows an antenna for a base station according to this disclosure with a substrate layer per radiating element, which includes multiple conductive structures of the radiating element.
[0064] FIG. 13 shows an exemplary radiating element of an antenna for a base station according to this disclosure, the radiating element having a substrate layer that includes two radiating structures and a conductive structure.
[0065] FIG. 14 shows a method for fabricating an antenna for a base station according to this disclosure.
[0066] FIG. 15 shows a method for fabricating an antenna for a base station according to this disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0067] The solutions of this disclosure, as explained in more detail in the following, are applicable to a base station antenna in general. For instance, the solutions may be implemented in a base station antenna system, wherein the system may be composed of a base station antenna according to this disclosure, a feeder, a pole, and an antenna adjustment bracket. The base station antenna may be located in a radome.
[0068] As an example of a solution of this disclosure, FIG. 2 shows a base station antenna 20. The antenna 20 includes a ground and / or reflector layer 21 and multiple radiating elements 23. For instance, the antenna 20 may include at least one independent array, which is formed by the plurality of radiating elements 23. For instance, the antenna 20 may include a metal ground and / or reflector plane as the layer 21. The radiating elements 23 may be arranged on or above the ground and / or reflector layer 21 with respect to a radiating direction of the antenna 20. The radiating direction of each radiating element 23 is primarily away from the ground and / or reflector layer 21. However, the ground and / or reflector layer 21 can also reflect some radiation of the radiating elements 23.
[0069] The frequencies of the multiple radiating elements 23 may be the same or may be different from another. The radiating elements 23 each comprise a radiating structure 24 and a feeding structure 25, wherein the feeding structure 25 extends from the ground and / or reflector layer 21 to the radiating structure 24 of the respective radiating element 23, and is configured to feed the radiating structure 24. The radiating elements 23, for example, one or more arrays of radiating elements, can receive or transmit radio frequency signals with their respective radiating structures 24, wherein the signals may be provided to the radiating structures 24 through respective feeding structures 25.
[0070] The antenna 20 may further comprises a feeding network. The feeding network may include and / or may be connected to the multiple feeding structures 25 of the radiating elements 23. The feeding network, for example for an array of radiating elements 23, may be used to implement different radiation beam directions or may be connected to a calibration network to obtain calibration signals required by the antenna system. In addition to a phase shifter network, the feeding network may also include modules such as combiners and filters for expanding performance.
[0071] The antenna 20 further comprises a first substrate layer 22, which is arranged in a distance to the ground and / or reflector layer 21. The first substrate layer 22 comprises the radiating structures 24 of at least two of the multiple radiating elements 23. The first substrate layer 22 may comprise the radiating structures 24 of all the radiating elements 23 of an array or of the antenna 20. The first substrate layer 22 may be a sheet or foil, in or on which the radiating structures 24 are formed. For instance, the radiating structures 24 could be printed on or patterned in the first substrate layer 22.
[0072] FIG. 2 accordingly illustrates a first solution of this disclosure, which is based on replacing the PCB materials 12 shown in FIG. 1 (in this example 8 PCBs) by one cost-efficient common substrate layer 22, which comprises the radiating structures 24 of the individual radiating elements 23. For the sake of clarity, supporting plastic components etc. are not shown in FIG. 2.
[0073] FIG. 3 shows an antenna 20 for a base station according to this disclosure, which builds on the antenna 20 of FIG. 2. Same elements in FIGs. 2 and 3 are labelled with the same reference signs and function likewise.
[0074] The antenna 20 of FIG. 3 includes the first substrate layer 22 and in addition a second substrate layer 31. The second substrate layer 31 is arranged in a distance to the first substrate layer 22, and is placed on the other side of the first substrate layer 22 than the ground and / or reflector layer 21. That is, the first substrate layer 22 is sandwiched by the second substrate layer 31 and the ground and / or reflector layer 21. The first substrate layer 22 is placed between the second substrate layer 31 and the ground and / or reflector layer 21.
[0075] The second substrate layer 31 comprises additional conductive structures 32 of the at least two radiating elements 23. Each of the at least two radiating elements 23 comprise at least one such conductive structure 32 in addition to its radiating structure 24. The radiating structures 24 of the at least two radiating elements 23 are formed in or on the first substrate layer 22, and the conductive structures 32 of these radiating elements 23 are formed in or on the second substrate layer 31. The at least two radiating elements 23 may be all radiating elements 23 of an array or of the antenna 20. The conductive structures 32 could be active radiating structures, similar to the radiating structures 24, or could be passive radiating structures and / or directors.
[0076] According to FIG. 3, the solution of FIG. 2 has been applied to at least one further layer 31. The solution could likewise be applied to additional layers of the antenna 20, i.e., additional substrate layers may be provided above the first and second substrate layers 22, 31. The second substrate layer 31 or any additional substrate layer may be a sheet or foil as already described for the first substrate layer 22. For example, at least one of the first substrate layer 22 and the second substrate layer 31 may be a dielectric foil or sheet, and the radiating structures 24 or the conductive structures 32, respectively, may be formed in or on the dielectric foil or sheet.
[0077] FIG. 4 shows an antenna 20 for a base station according to this disclosure, which builds on the antenna 20 of FIG. 2. Same elements in FIGs. 2 and 4 are labelled with the same reference signs and function likewise.
[0078] The antenna 20 of FIG. 4 includes the first substrate layer 22, which is as described above.
[0079] Further the feeding structure 25 of at least one radiating element 23 (it is shown for multiple radiating elements 23) comprises a ground element 41. The ground element 41 is formed by a portion 42 of the ground and / or reflector layer 21, wherein this portion 42 is party cut-out and bent, such that it forms an angle in a range of 75° -105° with the rest of the ground and / or reflector layer 21. That is, the portion 42 is cut out and bent upwards towards the feeding structure 25 of the radiating element 23, which is arranged on the ground and / or reflector layer 21. Notably, the cut-out portion 42 –and consequently also the ground element 41 formed by the portion 42 –may comprise two or more sub-portions. For instance, two sub-portions could be separately cut out from the ground and / or reflector layer 21 per radiating element 23, and could be bent upwards in a similar manner to form the ground element 41.
[0080] FIG. 5 shows an antenna 20 for a base station according to this disclosure, which builds on the antenna 20 of FIGs. 3 and 4. Same elements in FIGs. 3, 4 and 5 are labelled with the same reference signs and function likewise. The antenna 20 of FIG. 5 includes the second substrate layer 31 of the antenna 20 shown in FIG. 3, and includes the ground elements 41 shown in FIG. 4.
[0081] FIG. 4 and 5 thus illustrate another solution of this disclosure, which is based on removing the PCB based feeding elements 15 and PCB base elements 16 of the antenna 10 of FIG. 1, and substituting their functionalities by cutting out the portions 42 for the ground elements 41 from the ground and / or reflector layer 21, bending them upwards, and connecting them electrically to the dedicated radiating structures 24 of the radiating elements 23.
[0082] FIG. 6 shows implementations of feeding lines 61 in an antenna 20 according to this disclosure, wherein the antenna 20 may be implemented as described in any of the previous figures. The feeding structure 25 of each radiating element 23 may comprise a feeding line 61. This feeding line 61 is electrically connected to the radiating structure 24 of the radiating element 23, and may be used to feed the radiating structure 24.
[0083] As shown in FIG. 6 (a) , (b) and (c) , the feeding line 61 and the ground element 41 may be assembled into the feeding structure 25. The feeding line 61 and the ground element 41 are electrically isolated from another. The feeding line 61 and the ground element 41 may form a microstrip line.
[0084] As shown in FIG. 6 (d) , (e) and (f) , the feeding line 61 may be formed in or on a sheet 62, e.g., a dielectric foil or PCB. The sheet 62 may be attached to the ground element 41 of the feeding structure 25. For example, the feeding line 61 and the ground element 41 may form a microstrip line.
[0085] FIG. 6 thus illustrates that one or more feeding lines 61 of each of multiple radiating elements 23 can be provided by a simple sheet metal element, realizing a typical microstrip design or also by the application of a further foils or substrates or sheets 62 comprising the feeding lines 61. The feeding line on the sheet 62 can be mounted to the bend up grounding elements 41 by mechanical means (e.g., form fit, rivets, or glue) .
[0086] FIG. 7 and 8 shows an antenna 20 for a base station according to this disclosure, which builds on the antenna 20 of FIG. 4. Same elements in FIGs. 4, 7 and 8 are labelled with the same reference signs and function likewise. The antenna 20 of FIG. 7 includes the first substrate layer 22 and includes ground elements fabricated by cutting out the ground and / or reflector layer 21.
[0087] The feeding structure 25 of the radiating elements 23 comprises two ground elements 41a, 41b. These two ground elements 41a, 41b are formed by two separate portions 71, 72 of the ground and / or reflector layer 21 per radiating element 23. The two separate portions 71, 72 are each partly cut out from the ground and / or reflector layer 21, and are respectively bent away from the ground and / or reflector layer 21. For example, each cut out portion 71, 72 is bent such that it forms an angle in a range of 75° -105° with the rest of the ground and / or reflector layer 21. As can be seen in FIG. 7, the two portions 71, 72 associated with each radiating element 23 can be symmetrically bent away –i.e. with opposite directions of rotation, for instance around the same axis of rotation / bend –from the rest of the ground and / or reflector layer 21. The two portions 71, 72 may thus come to face each other in the feeding structure 25 of the radiating element 23. Notably, each of the two cut-out portions 71, 72 –and consequently also each of the two ground elements 41a and 41b formed respectively by the two portions 71 and 72 –may comprise two or more sub-portions. For instance, two sub-portions could be cut out from the ground and / or reflector layer 21 per portion 71 and / or 72 (i.e., four sub-portions could be cut out in total) , and could be bent upwards in a similar manner to form the two ground elements 41a, 41b.
[0088] According to the implementation of FIG. 7, a low-loss strip-line feeding may be realized by cutting out the two grounding elements 41a, 41b for each individual feeding structure 25, or balun, of a radiating element 23. After cutting, the portions 71, 72 can be formed into the ground elements 41a, 41b by bending them up and connecting them electrically to the dedicated radiating structures 24 of the radiating element 23 to which they belong.
[0089] The feeding lines 61 can again be provided by a simple sheet metal element or by the application of a further substrate layer or foil comprising the feeding lines 61. The feeding lines 61 on substrate layer or foil may be mounted to the bend up grounding elements 41a, 41b by mechanical means (form fit, rivets, glue etc. ) . This is shown in FIG. 8 (a) , (b) and (c) . As shown particularly in FIG. 8 (b) , the feeding line 61 may be sandwiched between the two ground elements 41a, 41b of the feeding structure 25 and / or the feeding line 61 and the two ground elements 41a, 41b form a stripline.
[0090] FIG. 9 shows an antenna 20 for a base station according to this disclosure, which is similar to the antenna 20 of FIG. 7 or of FIG. 5. Same elements in FIGs. 5, 7 and 9 are labelled with the same reference signs and function likewise. The antenna 20 of FIG. 9 includes the first substrate layer 22 and the ground elements 41 (one ground element 41 per radiating element 23) fabricated by cutting out the ground and / or reflector layer 21. In the antenna 20 of FIG. 9, the at least two radiating elements 23 are arranged along an axis (from left to right along the length of the ground and / or reflector layer 21) , and an axis of bend of the partly cut-out and bent portions 42 that form the ground elements 41 is parallel to that axis. This is different from FIG. 5 and FIG. 7, wherein the axis of bend of the partly cut-out and bent portions 41, 71, 72 is perpendicular to the same axis of arrangement of the radiating elements 23. As described before with respect to FIG. 4, the cut-out portion 42 –and consequently also the ground element 41 formed by the portion 42 –may comprise two or more sub-portions. For instance, two sub-portions could be cut out from the ground and / or reflector layer 21 per radiating element 23, and could be bent upwards in a similar manner to form the ground element 41 of the radiating element 23.
[0091] A variant of the antenna 20 of FIG. 9 is shown in FIG. 10. Same elements in FIGs. 9 and 10 are labelled with the same reference signs and function likewise. In the antenna 20 shown in FIG. 10, two separate cut-out portions 71, 72 per radiating element 23 are symmetrically bent away from the rest of the ground and / or reflector layer 21, i.e., with different directions of rotation around the same or similar axis of bend. The axis of bend is, like in FIG. 9, parallel to the axis of arrangement of the radiating elements 23. As described before with respect to FIG. 7, each of the two cut-out portions 71, 72 –and consequently also each of the two ground elements 41a and 41b formed respectively by the portions 71 and 72 –may comprise two or more sub-portions. For instance, two sub-portions could be cut out from the ground and / or reflector layer 21 per portion 71 and / or 72 (i.e., four sub-portions could be cut out in total) , and could be bent upwards in a similar manner to form the two ground elements 41a, 41b of a radiating element 23.
[0092] In the implementations of the antenna 20 of FIG. 9 and 10, the feeding structures 25 of the radiating elements 23 may be rotated by about 90° compared to the feeding structures 25 in, for example, FIG. 7. The ground elements 41 of the feeding structures 25 could be bent up from one side as in FIG. 9, or could be bent up in an alternating i.e. zip-like manner as in FIG. 10. These variants offer the possibility for a beneficial signal distribution as depicted in Fig. 11, which shows an implementation of a radiating element 23 of an antenna 20 according to this disclosure connected to a distribution network 110. The signal distribution network 110 may, for instance, be realized by a foil supporting the network structures, can comprise already the feeding lines 61, and hence reduce the number of components and interfaces further more.
[0093] FIG. 12 shows another base station antenna 120 according to this disclosure. Generally, the antenna 120 may be implemented in a similar manner as the antenna 20, for instance, regarding its arrangement in a base station system, the frequencies of its radiating elements, or the materials used to fabricate its components.
[0094] The antenna 120 comprises a ground and / or reflector layer 121, and at least one radiating element 123, typically multiple radiating elements 123 (as in FIG. 12) , which are arranged on the ground and / or reflector layer 121. Details of one such exemplary radiating element 123 are shown in FIG. 13.
[0095] The radiating element 123 comprises a support structure 133, which may be arranged on the ground and / or reflector layer 121. The support structure 133 has at least a first support element 126 and a second support element 127, which are located at different distances to the ground and / or reflector layer 121. In some cases, the support structure 133 may comprise a third support element 134 (as exemplarily shown in FIG. 13) and could comprise even further support elements.
[0096] The radiating element 123 further comprises a conductive structure 132, a radiating structure 124, and a feeding structure 125. The feeding structure 125 extends from the ground and / or reflector layer 121 to the radiating structure 124, and is configured to feed the radiating structure 124. The radiating structure 124 and the conductive structure 132 are formed by a substrate layer 131, which comprises the radiating structure 124 and the conductive structure 132. The substrate layer 131 is attached to the support structure 133. The radiating structure 124 is thereby arranged at least partly on the first support element 126, and the conductive structure 132 is arranged on the second support element 127. The first support element 126 and the second support element 127 may be respective parts of the support structure 133, as shown in FIG. 13. The first support element 126 and the second support element 127 may respectively be formed by planar parts (horizontally arranged in FIG. 13) of the support structure 133. For instance, the radiating structure 124 may be arranged partly on the first support element 126 and partly on the second support element 127. Another radiating structure or conductive structure could be comprised by the substrate layer 131, and may be attached to the third support element 134, wherein the third support element 134 may also be a (planar) part of the support structure 133. A conductive structure may be an active or passive radiating structure, for instance, a director.
[0097] The antenna 120 of FIG. 12 provides an alternative implementation provided by this disclosure compared to the antenna 20 of FIG. 2. In this alternative implementation, each PCB substrate (of each radiating element) of a conventional antenna –as, for example, shown in FIG. 1 –can be replaced by the more cost-efficient substrate layer 131, which may for instance be a foil supporting the radiating and / or conductive structures. The example in FIG. 13 shows a three-layer radiating element 123 of such an antenna 120. The three layers as an example comprise two active radiating structures 124 and a passive radiating structure 132, all of which can be supported for instance by one single foil as the substrate layer 131. The foil may be wrapped around the support structure 133 as indicated by the dashed lines. Alternatively, the radiating structures 124, 132 could be formed by individual foil elements, which are mounted and / or glued to the support structure 133.
[0098] The various implementations regarding the ground elements 41, 41a, 41b in the antenna 20, which are formed respectively by the cut out and bent portions 42, 71, 72 of the ground and / or reflector layer 21 (as described above in detail, e.g., regarding FIG. 5, FIG. 7, FIG. 9 and FIG. 10) , are also applicable to the antenna 120. That is, in the antenna 120, likewise portions could be cut out from the ground and / or reflector layer 121, and can be bent to form respective ground elements on the feeding structures 125 of the radiating elements 123.
[0099] FIG. 14 shows a method 1400 for fabricating an antenna 20 for a base station according to this disclosure. The method 1400 may be particularly used to fabricate the antenna 20 shown in FIGs. 1-10. The method 1400 comprises a step 1401 of providing a ground and / or reflector layer 21, a step 1402 of forming a first substrate layer 22 in a distance to the ground and / or reflector layer 21, and a step 1403 of forming multiple radiating elements 23. At least two of the radiating elements 23 each comprise a radiating structure 24 and a feeding structure 25 that extends from the ground and / or reflector layer 21 to the first substrate layer 22, and is designed to feed the radiating structure 24. Thereby, the radiating structures 24 of the at least two radiating elements 23 are formed in or on the first substrate layer 22.
[0100] FGI. 15 shows a method 1500 for fabricating an antenna 120 for a base station according to this disclosure. The method 1500 may be particularly used to fabricate the antenna 120 shown in FIGs. 12 and 13. The method 1500 comprises a step 1501 of providing a ground and / or reflector layer 121, a step 1502 of forming a support structure having a first support element 126 and a second support element 127 located at different distances to the ground and / or reflector layer 121, and a step 1503 of forming a radiating element 123. The radiating element 123 comprises a conductive structure 132, a radiating structure 124, and a feeding structure 125 that extends from the ground and / or reflector layer 121 to the radiating structure 124 and is designed to feed the radiating structure 124. The radiating structure 124 and the conductive structure 132 are formed by attaching a substrate layer 131, which comprises the radiating structure 124 and the conductive structure 132, to the support structure 133. Further, the radiating structure 124 is arranged at least partly on the first support element 126 and the conductive structure 132 is arranged on the second support element 127, wherein the first support element 126 and the second support element 127 may be parts of the support structure.
[0101] In summary, according to solutions of this disclosure, PCB substrates of individual radiating elements as used in a conventional base station antenna are preplaced by a single substrate layer 22, 31, 131, e.g. a film, foil, or plastic-sheet, in an improved antenna 20, 120. The substrate layer 22, 31, 131 comprising radiating structures 24, 124 and / or conductive structures 32, 132 of one or more radiating elements 23, 123. A relevant cost reduction is achieved by reducing the number of components (especially, omitting PCB substrates) and replacing them by a more cost-efficient component. Further, according to solutions of this disclosure, cutting out the ground elements 41, 41a, 41b of the feeding structures 25, 125 of the radiating elements 23, 123 from the ground and / or reflector layer 21, 121, and bending them upwards and connecting them electrically to the dedicated radiating structures 24, 124 allows a reduction of the number of components and consequently the number of interfaces and soldering points.
[0102] The disclosure enables a further reduction of interfaces by merging the antenna internal distribution network 110 with the feeding lines 61. The possibility of the implementation of a strip-line feeding element enables moreover a low-loss solution with better RF performance. The disclosure also enables a more robust design, i.e. reduced possibility of errors (less interfaces etc. ) . In addition, the assembly of the radiating elements 23, 123 is less demanding due to the reduced number of interfaces.
[0103] The present disclosure has been described in conjunction with various embodiments as examples as well as implementations. However, other variations can be understood and effected by those persons skilled in the art and practicing the claimed matter, from the studies of the drawings, this disclosure and the independent claims. In the claims as well as in the description the word “comprising” does not exclude other elements or steps and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality. A single element or other unit may fulfill the functions of several entities or items recited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in the mutual different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used in an advantageous implementation.
Claims
1.An antenna (20) for a base station, the antenna (20) comprising:a ground and / or reflector layer (21) ;a first substrate layer (22) arranged in a distance to the ground and / or reflector layer (21) ; andmultiple radiating elements (23) ;wherein at least two of the radiating elements (23) each comprise a radiating structure (24) and a feeding structure (25) that extends from the ground and / or reflector layer (21) to the first substrate layer (22) and is configured to feed the radiating structure (24) ; andwherein the first substrate layer (22) comprises the radiating structures (24) of the at least two radiating elements (23) .2.The antenna (20) according to claim 1, further comprising:a second substrate layer (31) arranged in a distance to the first substrate layer (22) and placed on the other side of the first substrate layer (22) than the ground and / or reflector layer (21) ;wherein the at least two radiating elements (23) each further comprise a conductive structure (32) ; andwherein the second substrate layer (31) comprises the conductive structures (32) of the at least two radiating elements (23) .3.The antenna (20) according to claim 2, wherein the conductive structures (32) are active radiating structures, or are passive radiating structures and / or directors.4.The antenna (20) according to one of the claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one of the first substrate layer (22) and the second substrate layer (31) is a dielectric foil, wherein the radiating structures (24) or the conductive structures (32) of the at least two radiating elements (23) are respectively formed in or on the dielectric foil.5.The antenna (20) according to one of the claims 1 to 4, further comprising a support structure configured to support at least one of the first substrate layer (22) and the second substrate layer (31) .6.The antenna (20) according to one of the claims 1 to 5, wherein the feeding structure (25) of at least one radiating element (23) comprises a ground element (41) , wherein the ground element (41) is formed by a portion (42) of the ground and / or reflector layer (21) , and wherein said portion (42) is partly cut-out and bent such that it forms an angle in a range of 75°-105° with the rest of the ground and / or reflector layer (21) .7.The antenna (20) according to claim 6, further comprising a feeding network element, which is arranged next to the ground and / or reflector layer (21) such that it covers an opening in the ground and / or reflector layer (21) , wherein the opening is caused by the partly cut out of the portion (42) of the ground and / or reflector layer (21) .8.The antenna (20) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the feeding structure (25) of at least one radiating element (23) comprises two ground elements (41a, 41b) , wherein the two ground elements (41a, 41b) are formed by two separate portions (71, 72) of the ground and / or reflector layer (21) , and wherein said separate portions (71, 72) are each partly cut out and bent such that they each form an angle in a range of 75° -105° with the rest of the ground and / or reflector layer (21) .9.The antenna (20) according to claim 8, wherein the two separate portions (71, 72) are symmetrically bent away from the rest of the ground and / or reflector layer (21) such that they come to face each other in the feeding structure (25) .10.The antenna (20) according to one of the claims 6 to 9, wherein the feeding structure (25) of each radiating element (23) comprises a feeding line (61) , wherein the feeding line (61) is electrically connected to the radiating structure (24) of the radiating element (23) .11.The antenna (20) according to claim 10, wherein the feeding line (61) is formed in or on a sheet (62) , wherein the sheet (62) is attached to the ground element (41) of the feeding structure (25) , and / or the feeding line (61) and the ground element (41) form a microstrip line.12.The antenna (20) according to the claims 8 and 10, wherein the feeding line (61) is formed in or on a sheet (62) , wherein the sheet (62) is sandwiched between the two ground elements (41a, 41b) of the feeding structure (25) , and / or the feeding line (61) and the two ground elements (41a, 41b) form a stripline.13.The antenna (20) according to one of the claims 6 to 12, wherein the at least two radiating elements (23) are arranged along a first axis, and wherein an axis of bend of the partly cut-out and bent portions (42, 71, 72) is parallel to the first axis.14.The antenna according one of the claims 6 to 12, wherein the at least two radiating elements (23) are arranged along a first axis, and wherein an axis of bend of the partly cut-out and bent portions (42, 71, 72) is perpendicular to the first axis.15.An antenna (120) for a base station, the antenna (120) comprising:a ground and / or reflector layer (121) ;a support structure (133) having a first support element (126) and a second support element (127) , which are located at different distances to the ground and / or reflector layer (121) ; anda radiating element (123) ;wherein the radiating element (123) comprises a conductive structure (132) , a radiating structure (124) , and a feeding structure (125) that extends from the ground and / or reflector layer (121) to the radiating structure (124) and is configured to feed the radiating structure (124) ;wherein the radiating structure (124) and the conductive structure (132) are formed by a substrate layer (131) , which comprises the radiating structure (124) and the conductive structure (132) and is attached to the support structure (133) ;wherein the radiating structure (124) is arranged at least partly on the first support element (126) and the conductive structure (132) is arranged on the second support element (127) .16.The antenna (120) according to claim 15, wherein the first support element (126) is closer to the ground and / or reflector layer (121) than the second support element (127) , or wherein the second support element (127) is closer to the ground and / or reflector layer (121) than the first support element (126) .17.The antenna (120) according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the radiating structure (124) is arranged partly on the first support element (126) and partly on the second support element (127) .18.A method (1400) for fabricating an antenna (20) for a base station, the method (1400) comprising:providing (1401) a ground and / or reflector layer (21) ;forming (1402) a first substrate layer (22) in a distance to the ground and / or reflector layer (21) ; andforming (1403) multiple radiating elements (23) ;wherein at least two of the radiating elements (23) each comprise a radiating structure (24) and a feeding structure (25) that extends from the ground and / or reflector layer (21) to the first substrate layer (22) and is designed to feed the radiating structure (24) ; andwherein the radiating structures (24) of the at least two radiating elements (23) are formed in or on the first substrate layer (22) .19.The method (1400) according to claim 18, wherein forming (1402) the first substrate layer (21) comprises forming the radiating structures (24) in or on a foil, or providing a foil with pre-formed radiating structures (24) as the first substrate layer (22) , and attaching the first substrate layer (22) to a support structure.20.The method (1400) of claim 18 or 19, further comprising:forming a second substrate layer (31) in a distance to the first substrate layer (22) and on the other side of the first substrate layer (22) than the ground and / or reflector layer (21) ;wherein the at least two radiating elements (23) each further comprise a conductive structure (32) ; andwherein the conductive structures (32) of the at least two radiating elements (23) are formed in or on the second substrate layer (31) .21.The method (1400) of one of the claims 18 to 20, wherein the feeding structure (25) of at least one radiating element (23) comprises a ground element (41) , wherein the ground element (41) is formed by cutting out a portion (42) of the ground and / or reflector layer (21) and bending said portion (42) to an angle of 75° -105° with the rest of the ground and / or reflector layer (21) .22.A method (1500) for fabricating an antenna (120) for a base station, the method (1500) comprising:providing (1501) a ground and / or reflector layer (121) ;forming (1502) a support structure (133) having a first support element (126) and a second support element (127) , which are located at different distances to the ground and / or reflector layer (121) ; andforming (1503) a radiating element (123) ;wherein the radiating element (123) comprises a conductive structure (132) , a radiating structure (124) , and a feeding structure (125) that extends from the ground and / or reflector layer (121) to the radiating structure (124) and is designed to feed the radiating structure (124) ;wherein the radiating structure (124) and the conductive structure (132) are formed by attaching a substrate layer (131) , which comprises the radiating structure (124) and the conductive structure (132) , to the support structure (133) ; andwherein the radiating structure (124) is arranged at least partly on the first support element (126) and the conductive structure (132) is arranged on the second support element (127) .
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