Coating system
The coating system addresses the challenge of achieving a bright and stable color appearance in automotive coatings by combining a high FI first coating with a second coating containing specific pigments, resulting in a visually appealing and stable color transition.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/078798
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-02-23
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-28
AI Technical Summary
Existing automotive coatings lack the ability to provide a bright, stable, and visually appealing color appearance while meeting mechanical and environmental protection requirements.
A coating system comprising a first coating with an FI value of 15 or higher and a second coating with a specific pigment structure of high and low refractive index film layers, applied in a 'wet-on-wet' manner, to achieve a superior appearance effect with a violet-to-greenish blue effect and steric sense of depth and glitter.
The coating system provides a visually appealing, stable color appearance with a bright and glittering effect, exhibiting a smooth transition between colors and enhanced color stability across batches.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2025078798-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025078798-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025078798-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
COATING SYSTEMINVENTION FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of coatings, in particular to a coating system, especially to a coating system for automobiles.BACKGROUND
[0002] The color appearance of automobiles is one of the important factors that determine the customers’ purchase. To attract customers, automobile manufacturers prefer coatings that are able to impart a bright color to automobiles and stable in color. Hence, it is of practical significance and excellent development prospect to develop automotive coatings with superior and stable appearance while fulfilling both mechanical properties and environmental protection requirements.SUMMARY
[0003] The inventors have conducted a lot of research and developed a coating system, which is suitable for automobile substrates, and may provide a superior and stable appearance effect.
[0004] The present invention provides a coating system comprising a first coating formed from a first coating composition and a second coating formed from a second coating composition, wherein the first coating has an FI value of 15 or higher, and the second coating composition comprises a pigment comprising a substrate coated with a high refractive index film layer and a low refractive index film layer, the high refractive index film layer has a refractive index of greater than 1.65, and the low refractive index film layer has a refractive index of less than or equal to 1.65.
[0005] The present invention further discloses a coated substrate comprising a substrate and the coating system applied on at least a part of the substrate.
[0006] The features and advantages of the present invention will be particularly presented in detail in the following description of the embodiments. DETAILED DISCRIPTION
[0007] In the present application, unless expressly stated otherwise, the use of a singular comprises a plural and the use of a plural comprises a singular. For example, even though “a” pigment is mentioned herein, one or more of such material can be used.
[0008] In this application, the terms “comprise, ” “include, ” and “contain” or the like are not intended to limit the invention to exclude any variations or additions. In addition, although the present invention has described coating compositions, preparation methods, or the like with terms such as “comprise” , the coating compositions, preparation methods or the like as detailed herein may further be described as “consist essentially of” or “consist of. ” Herein, “consist essentially of” means that any additional components would not materially affect the properties of the coating layer formed from the coating composition.
[0009] In the present application, the use of “or” means “and / or” , even though “and / or” may be expressly used in some cases, unless expressly stated otherwise. Additionally, it should be understood that any numerical range described herein is intended to encompass all the sub-ranges contained therein. For example, a range of “1 to 10” is intended to comprise all the sub-ranges between (including the endpoints) the listed minimum value of 1 and the listed maximum value of 10, namely, all the sub-ranges having a minimum value equal to or great than 1 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.
[0010] Except those in the examples or otherwise expressly stated, it is to be understood that all numerical values representing amounts of components used in the specification and claims may be varied by the term “about” in all cases. Accordingly, the numerical parameters set forth in the following description and claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties to be obtained by the present invention, unless otherwise indicated to be contrary. At the least, it is not to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, and each numerical parameter should at least be construed in terms of its number of significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding.
[0011] Although the numerical ranges and parameters describing the broad scope of the present invention are approximations, the numerical values listed in the particular examples should be reported as precisely as possible. However, any one value inherently has a certain error, which is an inevitable consequence of standard deviation found in its corresponding measurement method.
[0012] The present invention relates to a coating system comprising a first coating formed from a first coating composition and a second coating formed from a second coating composition, wherein the first coating has an FI value of 15 or higher, and the second coating composition comprises a pigment comprising a substrate coated with a high refractive index film layer and a low refractive index film layer, the high refractive index film layer has a refractive index of greater than 1.65, ant the low refractive index film layer has a refractive index of less than or equal to 1.65. As used herein, the “refractive index” may be determined according to the ISO 489: 2022 method.
[0013] In the coating system according to the present invention, the first coating having a specific high FI and the second coating comprising a specific pigment cooperate with each other to achieve a superior appearance effect, wherein the first coating having a high FI value provides a bright color background and a higher glittering characteristic, and the second coating comprising a specific pigment provides a color varying with angle. The coating system may exhibit visually an obvious violet-to-greenish blue effect, of which the color and texture have steric sense of depth and glitter but do not appear rough. Also, the coating system provide a color stability so that the colors are easy to control among different batches, e.g., in relation to the coating system comprising only the first coating.
[0014] In the coating system according to the present invention, the first coating is closer to the substrate than the second coating, and there is no other coating between the first coating and the second coating. Suitably, other coating (s) may be provided between the first coating and the substrate. For example, an electrophoretic coating and / or a basecoat may be further provided between the first coating and the substrate. Suitably, other coating (s) may be further provided outside the second coating (away from the substrate) . For example, a clearcoat may be provided outside the second coating.
[0015] In the coating system according to the present invention, the first coating composition and the second coating composition may be applied in a “wet-on-wet” manner. That is to say, the first coating composition and the second coating composition can be simultaneously cured to form a film, i.e., the first coating composition remains uncured prior to the application of the second coating composition. The term “cure / curing / cured” means that the coating composition forms a hardened coating film via polymerization and / or crosslinking of at least a part of components thereof, or via drying.
[0016] The first coating and the second coating may be obtained by curing under heating. The first coating composition and the second coating composition may be curable at a temperature of 80-140℃. Thus, the first coating composition and the second coating composition may be a low-temperature-curable (e.g., less than 120℃, such as 80℃ to less than 120℃) system or a high-temperature-curable (e.g., 120℃ or higher, such as 120-140℃) system.
[0017] Herein, the FI value refers to a flip-flop index, which is associated with the color brightness at various angles. The higher the FI value, the greater the difference between a small angle (e.g., 15°, 25°) and a large angle (e.g., 75°, 110°) , and the closer the color to a mirror effect. Herein, the brightness value (L) was tested at 15°, 45° and 110° by a commercially available BYK colorimeter, and then the FI value was calculated by the formula of: FI = 2.69 (L15°-L110°) 1.11 / (L45°) 0.86
[0018] The first coating has an FI value of 15 or higher. Herein, the FI value of a coating refers to an FI value of a fully cured coating. Suitably, the first coating may have an FI value of 15-24. For example, the first coating may have an FI value of 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 or 23. For example, the first coating may have an FI value of 15 or higher, 16 or higher, 17 or higher, 18 or higher, 19 or higher, 20 or higher, 21 or higher, 22 or higher, or 23 or higher. For example, the first coating may have an FI value of 24 or lower, 23 or lower, 22 or lower, 21 or lower, 20 or lower, 19 or lower, 18 or lower, 17 or lower, or 16 or lower. For example, the first coating may have an FI value of 16 to 22, 15 to 20, or within a range with any two of the above values as endpoints.
[0019] Suitably, the first coating may have a G value of 6 or higher. Herein, the G value of a coating refers to a G value of a fully cured coating. Suitably, the first coating may have a G value of 6 to 10. For example, the first coating may have a G value of 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, or 9.5. For example, the first coating may have a G value of 6 or higher, 6.5 or higher, 7 or higher, 7.5 or higher, 8 or higher, 8.5 or higher, 9 or higher, or 9.5 or higher. For example, the first coating may have a G value of 10 or lower, 9.5 or lower, 9 or lower, 8.5 or lower, 8 or lower, 7.5 or lower, 7 or lower, or 6.5 or lower. For example, the first coating may have a G value of 6 to 8, 6.5 to 9, or within a range with any two of the above values as endpoints. The “G value” refers to a glitter degree of a coating, indicating the glittering intensity of color under a light source. The less the G value, the lower the glittering intensity, the closer the color to a delicate mirror effect. Herein, the G value may be detected by a commercially available BYK colorimeter.
[0020] Suitably, the first coating may have a dry film thickness of 8-18 microns. The “dry film thickness” refers to a thickness of a fully cured layer. For example, the first coating may have a dry film thickness of 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 or 17 microns. For example, the first coating may have a dry film thickness of 8 microns or higher, 9 microns or higher, 10 microns or higher, 11 microns or higher, 12 microns or higher, 13 microns or higher, 14 microns or higher, 15 microns or higher, 16 microns or higher, or 17 microns or higher. For example, the first coating may have a dry film thickness of 18 microns or lower, 17 microns or lower, 16 microns or lower, 15 microns or lower, 14 microns or lower, 13 microns or lower, 12 microns or lower, 11 microns or lower, 10 microns or lower, or 9 microns or lower. For example, the first coating may have a dry film thickness of 9 to 16 microns, 12 to 15 microns, or within a range with any two of the above values as endpoints.
[0021] The first coating may be formed from a water-based first coating composition. Herein, the “water-based” means that the solvent of the coating composition comprises at least 50 wt%of water based on the total weight of solvent.
[0022] The first coating composition for the first coating may comprise coated aluminum powder for water-based systems and / or passivated, uncoated aluminum powder for automobile coatings. Suitably, the aluminum powder may comprise a silicon-enveloped aluminum powder. Based on the total weight of the first coating composition, the aluminum powder may be present in an amount of 2-10 wt%in the first coating composition.
[0023] The first coating composition may comprise a film-forming component. “Film-forming” means that the component, upon hardening and / or curing, can form a continuous film on a surface. A film-forming component may include, for example, a film-forming resin and optionally a crosslinker therefor. Film-forming resin and film former may all be used interchangeably herein. Crosslinker, curing agent and hardener may all be used interchangeably herein. A film-forming resin may react with itself, that is, undergo a self-crosslinking reaction, or may react with a crosslinker to form a film.
[0024] Suitably, the film-forming resin may comprise an acrylic resin. The acrylic resin refers to a polymer with (meth) acrylic monomers as a basic component. Said “basic component” refers to that the (meth) acrylic monomers in the polymer account for at least 50 wt%, for example, at least 70 wt%, at least 80 wt%, such as at least 90 wt%, of all polymeric monomers. The acrylic resin may comprise hydroxyl groups.
[0025] Suitably, the film-forming resin may comprise a polyester resin. The polyester resin refers to a polymer generated by polyesterification of polyols and polyacids, wherein the polyols is a compound containing two or more hydroxyl groups per molecule, and the polyacids is a compound containing two or more carboxyl groups per molecule. The polyester resin may comprise hydroxyl groups.
[0026] Suitably, the crosslinker may comprise an amine resin. Suitably, the crosslinker may comprise a melamine formaldehyde resin. The crosslinker may react with the film-forming resin upon curing / hardening.
[0027] The first coating composition may further comprise another effect pigment, in addition to aluminum powder. Suitably, the another effect pigment may comprise mica powder. The another effect pigment may be surface-treated to be suitable for use in a water-based coating composition.
[0028] The first coating composition may comprise a pigment. The pigment may be any pigment suitable for a water-based coating composition. The pigment may comprise an inorganic pigment, and / or an organic pigment.
[0029] The first coating composition may comprise a solvent. The solvent may comprise 50 wt%or more of water based on the total weight of the solvent. The solvent may further comprise an organic solvent. Suitably, the organic solvent may comprise hexyl cellosolve.
[0030] The first coating composition may further comprise one or more other auxiliary ingredients as follows: a wetting additive, a pinhole additive, a curing catalyst, a defoamer, a plasticizer, an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, an adhesion promoter, a surface leveling agent, a pH regulator, a substrate wetting agent, a thickener, a filler and the like.
[0031] The second coating composition comprises a special effect pigment comprising a substrate covered with a high refractive index film layer and a low refractive index layer, wherein the high refractive index layer has a refractive index of greater than 1.65, and the low refractive index film layer has a refractive index of less than or equal to 1.65. Suitably, the pigment may comprise at least two high refractive index film layers and at least two low refractive index film layers, wherein the high refractive index film layers and the low refractive index film layers are disposed alternately. For example, the pigment may comprise 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 high refractive index film layers, and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 low refractive index film layers. Suitably, each film layer of the high refractive index film layers has a thickness of 10-400 nm. Suitably, each film layer of the low refractive index film layers has a thickness of 10-700 nm.
[0032] Suitably, the substrate of said pigment may comprise a chromium-containing material. The high refractive index film layer (s) and / or the low refractive index film layer (s) may be disposed on both sides of the substrate.
[0033] Based on the total weight of the second coating composition, the content of the pigment may be 0.3 wt%or higher, suitably 0.5 wt%or higher, such as 1 wt%or higher, and / or 5 wt%or lower, suitably 4 wt%or lower, such as 3 wt%or lower. Suitably, the content of the pigment may be 0.3-5 wt%, suitably 0.5-4 wt%, 1-3 wt%, or within a range with any two of the above values as endpoints, based on the total weight of the second coating composition. Based on the total weight of the cured second coating, the content of the pigment may be no more than 25 wt%, suitably 10-25 wt%.
[0034] The second coating composition may comprise a film-forming component. “Film-forming” means that the component, upon hardening and / or curing, can form a continuous film on a surface. A film-forming component may include, for example, a film-forming resin and optionally a crosslinker therefor. Film-forming resin and film former may all be used interchangeably herein. Crosslinker, curing agent and hardener may all be used interchangeably herein. A film-forming resin may react with itself, that is, undergo a self-crosslinking reaction, or may react with a crosslinker to form a film.
[0035] The film-forming resin in the second coating composition may comprise an acrylic resin, and / or a polyester resin. The crosslinker may comprise an amine resin. The acrylic resin, the polyester resin and / or the amine resin used in the second coating composition may be the same as or different from those described in the first coating composition.
[0036] The second coating composition may further comprise one or more other pigments. The other pigment (s) is (are) different from the pigment comprising the high refractive index film layer and the low refractive index film layer. The other pigment (s) may comprise organic pigment (s) , inorganic pigment (s) , and / or effect pigment (s) . If present, the total content of the other pigment (s) and the pigment comprising the high refractive index film layer and the low refractive index film layer is not greater than 5 wt%, i.e., less than or equal to 5 wt%of the total weight of the second coating composition.
[0037] In the second coating composition, the content of the pigments (the pigment comprising the high refractive index film layer and the low refractive index film layer and one or more other pigments) may also be represented by a pigment-to-base ratio. The “pigment-to-base (P / B) ratio” refers to a solid weight ratio of the pigment in the second coating composition to the base (i.e., the film forming resin and the crosslinker) in the second coating composition. Suitably, the second coating composition has a P / B ratio of 0.1-0.4.
[0038] The second coating composition may comprise a solvent. The solvent may comprise 50 wt%or more of water based on the total weight of the solvent. The solvent may further comprise an organic solvent. Suitably, the organic solvent may comprise hexyl cellosolve.
[0039] The second coating composition may further comprise one or more other auxiliary ingredients as follows: a wetting additive, a pinhole additive, a curing catalyst, a defoamer, a plasticizer, an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, an adhesion promoter, a surface leveling agent, a pH regulator, a substrate wetting agent, a thickener, a filler and the like.
[0040] Suitably, the second coating formed from the second coating composition may have a dry film thickness of 5-15 microns. The “dry film thickness” refers to a thickness of a fully cured layer. For example, the second coating may have a dry film thickness of 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 microns. For example, the second coating may have a dry film thickness of 5 microns or higher, 6 microns or higher, 7 microns or higher, 8 microns or higher, 9 microns or higher, 10 microns or higher, 11 microns or higher, 12 microns or higher, 13 microns or higher, or 14 microns or higher. For example, the second coating may have a dry film thickness of 15 microns or lower, 14 microns or lower, 13 microns or lower, 12 microns or lower, 11 microns or lower, 10 microns or lower, 9 microns or lower, 8 microns or lower, 7 microns or lower, or 6 microns or lower. For example, the second coating may have a dry film thickness of 6 to 12 microns, 6 to 8 microns, or within a range with any two of the above values as endpoints.
[0041] In the coating system according to the present invention, the cooperation of the first coating and the second coating provides a superior color effect. The coating system according to the present invention may exhibit visually an obvious violet-to-greenish blue effect, of which the color and texture have steric sense of depth and glitter but do not appear rough. Herein, the coating system was characterized by the CIE Lab color difference parameters, partially reflecting the superior appearance of the coating system. For example, the coating system according to the present invention may have an L (15) of greater than 100, an L (75) of 15-25, and / or an L (110) of 15-25. The L (15) , L (75) , and L (110) represent an L value (brightness value) at an angle of 15°, 75°, and 110°, respectively, wherein the L value is a chromatic value based on the CIE Lab color difference theory, which may be measured by colorimeter. Suitably, the coating system has a difference between a (-15) and a (45) of at least two units. The a (-15) and a (45) represent an “a” value at an angle of -15° and 45°, respectively, wherein the “a” value is a chromatic value based on the CIE Lab color difference theory, which may be measured by colorimeter. Suitably, the coating system has a difference between b (-15) and b (45) of at least fifteen units. The b (-15) and b (45) represent a “b” value at an angle of -15° and 45°, respectively, wherein the “b” value is a chromatic value based on the CIE Lab color difference theory, which may be measured by colorimeter.
[0042] The coating system according to the invention may provide a FI value of 12 or higher.
[0043] The present invention further provides a coated substrate comprising a substrate and the coating system applied on at least a part of the substrate. The application may refer to either coating the substrate with coating compositions of the coating system, or applying film / sheet (s) formed from coating compositions of the coating system by adhesion or other attachment means onto the substrate. Suitably, the coated substrate according to the present invention comprises a substrate and the coating compositions of the coating system coated on at least a part of the substrate. Herein, the application may be carried out by means known in the art, including, but not limited to, spraying, dipping, roll coating, brush coating, robot precise coating, etc. The substrate may comprise a metal and / or plastic substrate. For example, the substrate may comprise steel, aluminum, PP, carbon fiber, and / or nylon substrates. Suitably, the substrate is a part of automobile.EXAMPLES
[0044] The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, which should be not construed to limit the present invention by any ways. Example 1
[0045] To a surface of steel substrate was sequentially applied an electrophoretic coating, a basecoat, an aluminum primer (i.e., a first coating) , and a clearcoat. Among others, the electrophoretic coating had a dry film thickness of 25-32 μm, the basecoat had a dry film thickness of 22-30 μm, the aluminum primer had a dry film thickness of 12-15 μm, and the clearcoat had a dry film thickness of 40-50 μm. According to the method for determining the FI value as described above, the aluminum primer had an FI value of 15.
[0046] The aluminum primer was formed from a coating composition composed of components as shown in Table 1. Table 1. Example 2
[0047] To a surface of steel substrate was sequentially applied an electrophoretic coating, a basecoat, a glittery coating (i.e., a second coating) , and a clearcoat. Among others, the electrophoretic coating had a dry film thickness of 25-32 μm, the basecoat had a dry film thickness of 22-30 μm, the glittery coating had a dry film thickness of 6-8 μm, and the clearcoat had a dry film thickness of 40-50 μm. The electrophoretic coating, the basecoat, and the clearcoat used in Example 2 are the same as those used in Example 1.
[0048] The glittery coating was formed from a coating composition composed of components as shown in Table 2. TABLE 2 * The pigment having the high refractive index film layer (s) and / or the low refractive index film layer (s) covering a substrate as mentioned above. Example 3
[0049] To a surface of steel substrate was sequentially applied an electrophoretic coating, a basecoat, a glittery coating (i.e., a control coating corresponding to the second coating) , and a clearcoat. Among others, the electrophoretic coating had a dry film thickness of 25-32 μm, the basecoat had a dry film thickness of 22-30 μm, the glittery coating had a dry film thickness of 6-8 μm, and the clearcoat had a dry film thickness of 40-50 μm. The electrophoretic coating, the basecoat, and the clearcoat in Example 3 are the same as those used in Example 1 or 2.
[0050] The glittery coating was formed from a coating composition composed of components as shown in Table 3. Table 3: Example 4
[0051] To a surface of steel substrate was sequentially applied an electrophoretic coating, a basecoat, an aluminum primer of Example 1, a glittery coating of Example 3, and a clearcoat. Among others, the electrophoretic coating had a dry film thickness of 25-32 μm, the basecoat had a dry film thickness of 22-30 μm, the aluminum primer had a dry film thickness of 12-15 μm, the glittery coating had a dry film thickness of 6-8 μm, and the clearcoat had a dry film thickness of 40-50 μm. The electrophoretic coating, the basecoat, and the clearcoat in Example 4 are the same as those used in Examples 1-3. EXAMPLE 5
[0052] To a surface of steel substrate was sequentially applied an electrophoretic coating, a basecoat, an aluminum primer of Example 1, a glittery coating of Example 2, and a clearcoat. Among others, the electrophoretic coating had a dry film thickness of 25-32 μm, the basecoat had a dry film thickness of 22-30 μm, the aluminum primer had a dry film thickness of 12-15 μm, the glittery coating had a dry film thickness of 6-8 μm, and the clearcoat had a dry film thickness of 40-50 μm. The electrophoretic coating, the basecoat, and the clearcoat in Example 5 are the same as those used in Examples 1-4.
[0053] As shown above, Example 1 comprises the aluminum primer having a high FI value according to the present invention but does not comprise a glittery coating; Example 2 does not comprises the aluminum primer, and comprises the glittery coating utilizing the specific pigment according to the present invention; Example 3 does not comprise the aluminum primer, and comprises a control glittery coating (without use of the specific pigment) ; Example 4 comprises the aluminum primer having a high FI value according to the present invention and the control glittery coating; and Example 5 comprises the aluminum primer having a high FI value according to the present invention and the glittery coating utilizing the specific pigment according to the present invention.
[0054] The coatings formed from Example 1-5 were visually observed. The coating appearance of Example 5 is significantly better than those of Example 1-4. Example 5 produces a color with highly obvious glitter effect, while having a special flip-flop effect. It appears bright and glittering as summer galaxy when viewing from the front, and very dark when viewing from the side. Moreover, it smoothly transitions from an obviously glittering bluish-violet color on the front to a dark bluish-green color on the side, similar to a deep starry sky effect. In addition, the coating of Example 5 was characterized by the CIE Lab color difference parameters, which meets the requirements of: an L (15) greater than 100, an L (75) of 15-25, and / or an L (110) of 15-25; a difference between a (-15) and a (45) of at least two units; and a difference between b (-15) and b (45) of at least 15 units.
[0055] Although specific aspects of the invention have been illustrated and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the accompanying claims are intended to encompass all of these variations and modifications falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1.A coating system comprising a first coating formed from a first coating composition and a second coating formed from a second coating composition, wherein the first coating has an FI value of 15 or higher, and the second coating composition comprises a pigment comprising a substrate covered with a high refractive index film layer and a low refractive index film layer, the high refractive index film layer has a refractive index of greater than 1.65, and low refractive index film layer has a refractive index of less than or equal to 1.65.2.The coating system of claim 1, wherein the first coating has an FI value of 15-24.3.The coating system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the pigment comprises at least two high refractive index film layers and at least two low refractive index film layers.4.The coating system of claim 3, wherein the high refractive index film layers and the low refractive index film layers are disposed alternately.5.The coating system of any one of claims 1-4, wherein each film layer of the high refractive index film layers has a thickness of 10-400 nm, and each film layer of the low refractive index film layers has a thickness of 10-700 nm.6.The coating system of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the first coating has a G value of 6 or higher.7.The coating system of any one of claims 1-6, comprising 10-25 wt%of the pigment based on a total weight of the cured second coating.8.The coating system of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the first coating has a dry film thickness of 8-18 microns, and the second coating has a dry film thickness of 5-15 microns.9.The coating system of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the coating system provides a coating brightness with L (15) of greater than 100, L (75) of 15-25, and / or L (110) of 15-25.10.The coating system of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the coating system provides an FI value of 12 or higher.11.The coating system of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the coating system provides a difference between a (-15) and a (45) of at least two units, and / or a difference between b (-15) and b (45) of at least 15 units.12.The coating system of any one of claims 1-11, wherein both the first coating composition and the second coating composition are water-based.13.The coating system of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the first coating composition and the second coating composition are applied in a “wet-on-wet” manner.14.The coating system of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the second coating composition comprises 0.3-5 wt%of the pigment based on a total weight of the second coating composition.15.A coated substrate, comprising a substrate and the coating system of any one of claims 1-14 applied on at least a part of the substrate.16.The coated substrate of claim 15, wherein the substrate comprises a metal and / or plastic substrate.17.The coated substrate according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the substrate is a part of a vehicle.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Coating system
CN115646772A
Coating system
CN117089270A
New flip-flop interference pigments
EP2508571A1
Multilayer pigments based on glass flakes
WO2003006558A2
Coating system
WO2025040016A1