A composite cylinder for storage of hydrogen at cryogenic temperatures, an adsorbent for the storage of hydrogen for use in fuelling motor vehicles, and a method of filling and dispensing cryogenic compressed hydrogen and a vehicle on-board system and a method for storage and retrieval of cryo-cooled hydrogen

Abstract

The invention discloses an adsorbent for the storage of hydrogen for use in fuelling motor vehicles at room temperatures (25-40ºC) and also low temperatures (such as 30K) and a range of pressures between atmospheric pressure and high pressures such as 100-150Bar It also discloses a method of filling and dispensing cryogenic compressed hydrogen and a vehicle on-board system and a method for storage and retrieval of cryo-cooled hydrogen. Also disclosed is a composite cylinder for storage of hydrogen at cryogenic temperatures and high density made of high tensile strength carbon fibre, and using an adsorbent, characterised in that said carbon fibre is duly impregnated with EP-29 epoxy system and said cylinder has a spiral hoop winding and is super insulated and provided with vacuum to prevent convection and having double wall stainless steel cylinder packed with multi- layer insulation with intermediate thin aluminium foils.

Description

[0001]A COMPOSITE CYLINDER FOR STORAGE OF HYDROGEN AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES, AN ADSORBENT FOR THE STORAGE OF HYDROGEN FOR USE IN FUELLING MOTOR VEHICLES, AND A METHOD OF FILLING AND DISPENSING 5 CRYOGENIC COMPRESSED HYDROGEN AND A VEHICLE ON- BOARD SYSTEM AND A METHOD FOR STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL OF CRYO-COOLED HYDROGEN Field of the Invention 10 This invention relates to technologies for the storage of hydrogen by adsorption, such as for use in fuelling motor vehicles. In particular it relates to storage of hydrogen at a range of temperatures between room temperatures (25-40oC) and low temperatures (such as 30K) and a range of pressures between atmospheric pressure and high pressures such as 100-150Bar. It also relates to a method of 15 filling and dispensing cryogenic compressed hydrogen and a vehicle on-board system and a method for storage and retrieval of cryo-cooled hydrogen. Background of the Invention It is known from US 7,036,324 to store hydrogen by adsorption at cryogenic 20 temperatures in the range of about 40K to 80K onto a high surface area adsorbent such as activated carbon in a storage vessel at a pressure of about 10 bar to 30 bar. DE 102005023036 A1 teaches the adsorption of hydrogen onto a powdered carbon adsorbent in a pressurized tank cooled by liquid nitrogen to a temperature 25 lying between the respective ebullition temperatures (at normal pressure) of liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen. The adsorbent may comprise carbon nanotubes. US 5,653,951 teaches the adsorption of hydrogen onto an adsorbent comprising a carbon nanostructure, which may be treated with a metal such as Pd, Pt, Ni, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, La, or Mg in an amount from 1wt% - 5 wt% based on the total weight of the nanostructure. US 6,672,077 B1 discloses a storage system in which hydrogen is adsorbed by 5 physisorption onto a nanostructured storage material cooled by liquid nitrogen. US 4,716,736 teaches Metal-Assisted Cold Storage of hydrogen by physisorption at cold, but not cryogenic temperatures onto an activated carbon adsorbent having micro crystals of a Group VIII transition metal such as Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Rh, Ir, Fe, Ru, or Os dispersed onto its surface; and references US 3,138,560, which 10 discloses a process for depositing palladium onto a carbon catalyst. The overall mass and volume of the on-board hydrogen storage system is a key impediment to the development of practical hydrogen fuelled vehicles. Adsorption of hydrogen offers advantages in safety, practicality and efficiency over 15 competing technologies, which include storage in metal hydrides, as a liquid, or as a highly compressed gas. However, maximising the storage density (the overall volume of stored hydrogen at ambient pressure relative to the volume of the adsorbent) remains a key challenge. The object of the present invention is to increase the hydrogen storage density achievable by adsorption. 20 International application WO 2009 / 056962 A2 teaches the use of a carbon adsorbent in the form of micro-fibres. Although this showed an improved storage capacity over the then known art, it was felt that it could be improved further. 25 Objects of invention: The key object of the invention is to provide a storage cylinder to store at cryogenic temperatures. Another object of the invention is to provide a Method of filling and dispensing 30 cryogenic compressed hydrogen. Summary of Invention: The present invention discloses a system to store hydrogen gas in portable containers that can be used in applications such as automobiles or other similar 5 devices. The invention comprises cylinders which are super insulated and capable of storing purpose-made adsorbent. The adsorbent has a unique morphology that provides it with high pore volume and high surface area and is designed to maximize H2 adsorption. It should be noted that under suitable pressure and temperature parameters, the higher the surface area and the pore volumes of the 10 adsorbent, the higher the storage; this relationship is limited by practical processing limits on the pressure and temperature. Lowering the temperatures increases the gaseous density; this combined with a reduction in the Brownian motion and a tendency of the hydrogen gas under these 15 conditions allows the hydrogen gas to enter the micro, meso, and macro pores. This results in higher storage per liter of cylinder volume. The present invention exploits this phenomenon whereby a higher hydrogen storage density along with a higher energy density is achieved, ultimately reducing the number of cylinders / cylinder volumes, resulting in weight reduction and cost, for a given range of 20 operation of a vehicle. The amount of hydrogen stored using the present invention is thus significantly higher than the conventional systems or methods for a given storage volume. The existing technology for storage of hydrogen comprises composite cylinders 25 with aluminium liners and fully wrapped carbon fiber composites. These cylinders are used to store hydrogen at high pressures of 350 &700 bar using aluminium liner (type3) and plastic liner (type4). For safe storage of hydrogen, these cylinders require over pressurisation to 440Bar and 840Bar respectively, to compensate for comprasibility factor and exothermic behaviour of hydrogen 30 during filling. A factor of safety of 2.5-3 over the operating pressure is provided. To withstand the resultant burst pressure, the carbon fibre liners used with these cylinders are thick which increases the weight and bulk and cost of these cylinders. Further, due to high compressibility factor and over pressurisation, hydrogen storage capacity storage of these cylinders is limited to 26-40 grams of 5 hydrogen gas per litre of storage volume. Therefore, a large number of such cylinders is required for carrying large volume hydrogen on board for long distance haulage and travel. For example, to carry 200kg of hydrogen gas at 350 bar pressure would require 29 cylinders of 300L capacity each. List of Figures: 10 Figure 1 defines the hydrogen flow from a renewable source of energy to the electrolyser producing pure hydrogen, to a drier, and then to a compressor to increase the pressure of hydrogen gas from 15 / 30Bar to 150Bar. Figure 1-a shows auxiliary cylinder for high temperature hydrogen injection in 15 programmed spurts to maintain the flow of cold gas from the storage cascade to the on-board storage cylinders. Figure 2 shows onboard system of hydrogen gas storage and retrieval at high temperatures of 330K / 300K for injection in spurts and it also includes a 20 stabilising auxiliary cylinder at the output end connecting to a fuel cell power conversion module or a hydrogen I.C. engine for power generation and mobility. Figure 3 shows a relationship between compressibility factor, temperature and pressure 25 Figure 4 shows a tabulation depicting the experimental values by measurement of total pore volume for different adsorbents Detailed Description Of Invention The present invention overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks of the existing hydrogen storage technology. It proposes super-insulated cylinders for storing hydrogen at cryogenic temperatures with a compressibility factor of near unity 5 and at lower pressures of 100-120 bars. The invention also proposes a novel adsorbent. The adsorbent, which is placed inside the storage cylinder, is in the form of an activated carbon powder or activated carbon micro-fibers, or a mixture thereof, and which allows storing 10 approximately 160g-190g of hydrogen per litre of storage volume of the storage cylinder resulting in 36-60kg of hydrogen storage in a 300L capacity at a temperature of 30K-40K. Thus only 4-6 cylinders of 300L capacity each are required to carry 200kg hydrogen as compared with 29 conventional cylinders of 300L capacity. This significantly reduces costs and increases safe feasibility of 15 hydrogen as vehicle fuel for long distance travel. A further aspect of the invention is the adsorbent itself. The cylinder of the invention uses high tensile strength carbon fibre (4.5GPa tensile strength). The composite cylinder of the invention has spiral hoop winding 20 which is arrived at by using finite element analysis for use at cryogenic temperatures. The hydrogen storage cylinder of the invention is super insulated with double wall stainless steel cylinder packed with multi-layer insulation with intermediate thin aluminium foils. The cylinder operates under vacuum to prevent thermal dissipation of stored gas. This invention uses a combined effect of, lower 25 cryogenic temperature, lower pressure, near unity compressibility factor, and improved adsorption capacity of the adsorbent. The spiral and hoop winding has a durable working design to sustain operating pressure and cryogenic temperature ensuring reliability and working life of the cylinder of approximately 30 years. The adsorbent of the invention has an improved pore volume of the adsorbent having improved micropore, mesopore and macropore volumes up to 1.2-1.37CC per gram of adsorbent. The detailed composition of the adsorbent is shown in Table 1. 5 The super-insulated cylinder of the invention has a thin wall stainless steel encasement with multi-layer insulation with intermediate aluminium foil. It has a vacuum to control & maintain the cold temperatures inside the cylinder and it prevents the thermal losses due to conduction convection and radiation. The super 10 insulation controls the vent off of cold hydrogen limited to 1 to1.5 % of the gas volume in the cylinder, over the period of 24hr. Spiral hoop winding of the cylinder of the invention is arrived at by using finite element analysis to determine the number of layers required as per the operating and burst pressure. Hydrogen is stored at a temperature of 25K-30K. The 15 cylinders are provided with special cryogenic valves capable of operating at a maximum pressure of 150 bar with special dispensing nozzles and receptacles so that the gas transfer is leak-proof. The body of the cryogenic hydrogen storage cylinder of the invention is made of 20 t-700 high tensile Carbon fibre coated with special epoxy system, Ep29LPSP which will operate continuously at cryogenic temperature without micro-craking and degassing under vacuum. The cylinder is a type 3 tank with aluminium liner, to prevent permeation of hydrogen. More specifically, the hydrogen storage cylinder of type 3 of the invention comprises of, an aluminium liner fully wrapped 25 with carbon fiber duly impregnated with a suitable epoxy system for cryogenic application, with number of layers related to the operating parameters of burst pressure and temperature requirements. The composite layers with spiral and hoop winding derived from finite element analysis, are wrapped fully around the aluminium liner to withstand the operating pressures, with periodic filling and 30 discharge cycles during the lifetime of the system. Explanation of the flow of hydrogen showing the function of hydrogen programed injection during dispencing, at room temperature so as to maintaine the flow of hydrogen at cryogenic temperature now follows. 5 Figures 1, 1-a, and 2 show the flow of cry-compressed hydrogen. As can be seen from Figures 1 and 1-a, energy from renewable power source is utilised to generate hydrogen from electrolyzer. An electrolyzer (A) generates hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis of water. Hydrogen is generated at pressure 10 of15-30 bar of pressure. This hydrogen is then fed to dryer(B) and polishing unit which remove the moisture and contamination from hydrogen. The purified hydrogen is then feed to a hydrogen compressor(C) which compress the hydrogen to pressure of120-150 bar. The compressed hydrogen is then fed to a chiller(D) which reduces the temperature of hydrogen to 15 °C. The cooled hydrogen at 15 pressure of 120-150 bar is fed to cryocooler(E) which reduces the temperature of hydrogen to 30-25 °K(-243to-248°C ). The cryo-cooled hydrogen is then fed to a storage system (Fig 1a) and then fed to a dispenser to fill the tank of an onboard vehicle. 20 The storage system consists of a tank (or cylinder)(F) made of super insulated carbon fibre with fixed quantity of adsorbent filled inside the tank. The bank of super insulated tank's has necessary protection devices installed on it. When you start removing hydrogen from this tank through a bayonet connector and start filling the vehicle onboard hydrogen storage tank of hydrogen vehicle or any other 25 device. As you remove the hydrogen from tank the temperature of hydrogen drops which converts gaseous hydrogen into liquid stage which in turn prevents the easy flow of hydrogen. To prevent this, a spurt of hydrogen gas at room temperature is injected from bottom of each storage tank which increases the temperature of hydrogen to 30-40°K which makes hydrogen to flow easily and fill the tank onboard the vehicle. The hydrogen required for spurt is stored in an auxiliary tank(G) at room temperature and pressure of approximately 150 bar. Figure 2 shows a vehicle on-board system for storage and retrieval of cryo-cooled 5 hydrogen. To fill the vehicle onboard storage a bayonet connector (H) is attached to a vehicle onboard tank to a hydrogen dispenser. The cryo-cooled hydrogen at pressure of 150bar is filled in the onboard super insulated carbon fibre tank (J). To retrieve the hydrogen, a multiway diverter valve(I) is used. This valve is set to retrieve position which makes hydrogen from tank to flow to a pressure regulator 10 (L) which reduces the pressure of hydrogen from 150bar to 15 bar. The hydrogen at 15 bar pressure passes through a heat exchanger(M) to increase its temperature to 5 °C and then passes through a pressure regulator(N) which reduces the pressure to 5 bar. The hydrogen at 5 °C and pressure of 5 bar is then fed to fuel cell or an internal combustion (IC) engine for further use. 15 In summary the invention discloses a method of filling and dispensing cryogenic compressed hydrogen having the steps of: a. providing a renewable power source to generate hydrogen and oxygen from electrolyzer (A) by electrolysis of water at a pressure of15-30 bar; 20 b. feeding hydrogen to a dryer(B) and a polishing unit to remove any moisture and contamination from said hydrogen; c. feeding purified hydrogen to a hydrogen compressor(C) and compressing it to the pressure of120-150 bar; d. feeding the compressed hydrogen to a chiller (D) to cool the hydrogen to a 25 temperature of 15 °C; e. feeding the cooled hydrogen at pressure of 120-150 bar to a cryocooler(E) to further cool the hydrogen to cryogenic temperature of 30-25 K; f. feeding the cryo-cooled hydrogen a storage system and then feeding it to a dispenser to fill the tank of an onboard vehicle. 30 The invention also discloses a method for vehicle on-board storage and retrieval of cryo-cooled hydrogen comprising the steps of: a. attaching a bayonet connector (H) a storage tank (J) onboard said vehicle; b. filling cryo-cooled hydrogen in said tank at pressure of 150bar; 5 c. retrieving said cryo-cooled hydrogen using a multiway diverter valve (I) by setting said valve to a retrieve position; d. making said hydrogen from tank to flow to a pressure regulator (L) thereby reducing the pressure of hydrogen from 150bar to 15 bar; e. parring the hydrogen at 15 bar pressure through a heat exchanger (M) 10 thereby increasing its temperature to 5 °C; f. passing said hydrogen at the temperature of 5oC through a pressure regulator (N) thereby reducing its pressure to 5 bar; g. feeding said hydrogen at 5 °C and pressure of 5 bar to a fuel cell or an internal combustion (IC) engine for further use. 15 Again, in the setup of carbon fibre storage tank a small auxiliary tank is provided to store hydrogen at 150bar and at room temperature these auxiliary tank is utilised to send a spurt of hydrogen gas in each tank to make hydrogen flow easily as explained earlier 20 Further, Figure 2 also shows the high temperature hydrogen gas at 330K / 300K for injection in spurts and it also includes a stabilising auxiliary cylinder(K) at the output end connecting to a fuel cell power conversion module or a hydrogen I.C. engine for power generation and mobility. 25 The cylinder of the invention is tested by various types of tests for a batch of production quantities for regularitary approval. The following tests are performed: 1) operating pressure test 2) over pressurisation test related to the operating pressure that it about 1.5 times 30 the operating pressure, 3) cyclic pressure test for 10000 cycles, by observing peak and trough pressures of cycling at a certain specified frequency, to ensure the life of the composite tanks for about 30 years, 4) drop test to ensure impact resistance due to any collesion under actual working 5 conditions, and 5) cyclic test under cryogenic conditions for determining the working life under cryogenic condition – a one-time test during finalisation of design of particular size of storage tank. This test will be done by a recognised testing lab. 10 The above tests are also accompanied by a burst pressure test for batch approvals. All the above tests are carried out under the supervision of regulatory authorities. The carbon fiber used is a high tenstile fiber, type P-700,with the altimate tensile streanght of 4.5GPa, duely impregnated with EP-29 epoxy system so as to with stand high pressures upto 950bar, continuous operating temperature from 40K to 15 25K, without micro cracking and without degassing under vaccume for super insulation. This composite cylinder of the invention is a versatile design suitable for cryogenic operations upto 25K and a pressure of 150Bar, and also suitable for room temperature operations from 333K to 213K for conventional technology with operating pressures of 350Bar and burst pressure of 900 to 950Bar. This 20 makes it versatile design for hydrogen storage for vehicular applications, with and without adsorbent. The adsorbent of the invention comprises of special purpose carbon granules, carbon fibers, as one of the best materials which has been earmarked by various 25 trials using different carbons with specific morphology. The morphology is defined as a combination of micropore, mesopore, macropore components to form the total pore volume and surface area of the adsorbent material. The adsorbent of the invention, when combined with pressure and temperature parameters defines the total absorption capacity for hydrogen gas storage. The adsorbent has total 30 pore volume (also known as total intrusion volume) of 1.2 / 1.37 cubic centimeters (cc) per gram of the adsorbent. Of this, the micropore and mesopore component is the one achieved at a temperature of 76K and measured by the BET method. The macropore volume component is measured at room temperature and confirmed by high pressure mercury porosimetry testing. The total pore volume is further 5 enhanced by further cooling to 30 / 25K, at a pressure of 80bar to 150bar, so as to work towards a compressibility factor close to unity. As seen from Figure 3, which shows the relationship between the compressibility factor and pressure and temperature of the gas the ideal point to maximise gas storage is at a temperature below 40K to 25K and at the pressure of 130 to 100bar. 10 Further the tabulation shown in Figure 4 depicts the experimental values by measurement of total pore volume for different adsorbents. Of these, samples 1 and 3 are for adsorbent made of activated carbon fibres and samples 5 and 5A are for the adsorbent made from activated carbon granules. 15 High pressure mercury porosometry data for a particular absorbent of carbon fiber is shown in Table 1. Table 1 20 Table 2 shows morphological properties of two types of adsorbents used in the invention. Adsorbent type Adsorbent type 1A 1B Apparent density kg / m3 350 380 Bulk density* kg / m3 320 350 Skeletal density g / ml 2.2 2.2 Micro pore volume ml / g 0.6 0.55 (R<1nm) Meso pore volume (R1-25 ml / g 0.05 0.04 nm) Macro pore volume (R 25- ml / g 0.7 0.7 7500 nm) Total pore volume ml / g Approx.1.2 Approx.1.1 ● Calculated from apparent density * 0.92 Table 2 5 The above details of the morphology measurements by two methods of BET and high-pressure mercury porosimetry defines the absorbent disclosed in this invention for high density storage of hydrogen. The above adsorbent has the potential to store hydrogen up to 200gm / L of storage cylinder of composite tanks 10 for commercial use at cryogenic conditions of 80 to 150bar pressure range and a temperature range from 40K to 25K duly packed in the working cylinder of the storage tank, after due processing prior to filling. The above unique combination of high pressure priogenic composite cylinders, with the capability to operate under priogenic conditions and room temperature conditions, make the cylinders 15 compatible for conventional operations also. The adsorbent with unique morphology, combinations of micro / meso / macro pores providing a total of high pore volume, getting enhanced by cryo cooling making it a unique combination for hydrogen storage. Cryogenic temperatures upto 25K20 during charging of the cylinders fill with absorbent provides a potential of high- volume storage of hydrogen up to 200gm / L, making it suitable for long distance haulage operations of heavy vehicles for transportations of goods and passengers for inter city operations. This is an all-weather operating features making it suitable for working under extreme temperature of heat and cold. 5 Super insulation of hydrogen storage tanks this feature is a necessity to maintain cold cryogenic hydrogen store inside the cylinders with adsorbent, so as to prevent rise in the temperature of the stored hydrogen under operating conditions, especially in cold geographies where temperatures may be as low as -60oC or go as high as 60oC in places as tropical 10 deserts. The constructional features of super insulations are as follows: A) the composite tanks are fully wrapped with multilayer insulations with intermediate thin aluminium highly polished with the reflective surface. Each wrapping layer has 5 sub-layers of insulating materials such as 15 Teflon films with aluminium foil is then over wrapped with another such combinations, approximately 5 to 6 numbers to provide an effective conduction and radiation barrier for heat transfer from external sources and cold transfer from the cold tank. B) This whole assembly is protected by an external shell of thin highly 20 polished stainless steal cylindrical covering. This fully sealed and tested assembly by helium testing for zero leakage is then subjected to high vacuum so as to control any heat and cold transfer losses by convection. Thus, the cold tank is totally protected from effects of 25 conduction, convection and radiation losses so as to maintain went of hydrogen over a period of 24hr. to not more than 1.5% of the hydrogen volume. we will also adopt the methodology of recirculating the went of through an auxiliary cylinder. The depiction of this super insulated tank is indicated in following figures with transfer tube and cryogenic wall with super insulated transfer tube for transferring hydrogen to the fuel cell or a hydrogen I.C. engine. Methodology of filling and despencing of cryogenic compressed hydrogen: 5 Dispensing cold hydrogen from the cryogenic cylinders of the invention requires injection in programmed spurts of high temperature / room temperature hydrogen from an auxiliary cylinder. This is so as to keep hydrogen in a gaseous state throughout the system so that it can flow continuously under the operational temperatures of 40k to 30K. During dispensing of cold hydrogen, the temperature 10 of gaseous hydrogen may drop due to the property of hydrogen inherent cooling of the gas. This may change the state of hydrogen from gaseous to liquid resulting in stoppage of the flow. Therefore, a spurt of hydrogen from the bottom of the cylinder through an additional auxiliary cylinder at 300k or above is necessary. 15 To maximize storage of hydrogen at cryogenic temperature with the absorbent we can resort to filling of hydrogen and the cylinders at 30K to 25K but during dispensing the temperature can drop to 20K as a result of which the flow stops. hence, we have to reserve to inject high temperature hydrogen that is 300K to 333K from an auxiliary cylinder with a separate flow path from the bottom of the 20 cylinder this invention is a unique combination of pressure at low levels for unity compressibility factor low temperatures nearing 25K special purpose absorbance with appropriate morphology and proper super insulation in vacuum for maintaining operation temperature up to 40k.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A composite cylinder for storage of hydrogen at cryogenic temperatures and high density made of high tensile strength carbon fibre, and using an adsorbent, characterised in that said carbon fibre is duly impregnated with 5 EP-29 epoxy system and said cylinder has a spiral hoop winding and is super insulated with double wall stainless steel cylinder packed with multi- layer insulation with intermediate thin aluminium foils.

2. The composite cylinder as claimed in claim 1, wherein said carbon fiber has a tensile strength of 4.5GPa. 10 3. The composite cylinder as claimed in claim 2 wherein said epoxy system is Ep29LPSP.

4. An adsorbent for storage of hydrogen at cryogenic temperatures and high density, characterised in that said adsorbent comprises of special purpose carbon granules, carbon fibers, with a morphology having a combination 15 of micropore, mesopore, macropore to form the total pore volume of 1.2 / 1.37 cc / gm of the adsorbent at a temperature of 76K.

5. The adsorbent as claimed in claim 4, wherein the composition of said adsorbent has a total intrusion volume of 10.44 mL / g, total pore area of 31.08m2 / g, bulk density measured at 0.5psi of 0.0851g / mL, apparent 20 density of 0.7678g / mL and stem volume of 55%.

6. A method of filling and dispensing cryogenic compressed hydrogen having the steps of: a. providing a renewable power source to generate hydrogen and oxygen from electrolyzer (A) by electrolysis of water at a pressure 25 of15-30 bar; b. feeding hydrogen to a dryer(B) and a polishing unit to remove any moisture and contamination from said hydrogen; c. feeding purified hydrogen to a hydrogen compressor(C) and compressing it to the pressure of120-150 bar;d. feeding the compressed hydrogen to a chiller (D) to cool the hydrogen to a temperature of 15°c; e. feeding the cooled hydrogen at pressure of 120-150 bar to a cryocooler(E) to further cool the hydrogen to cryogenic 5 temperature of 30-25°K; f. feeding the cryo-cooled hydrogen a storage system and then feeding it to a dispenser to fill the tank of an onboard vehicle.

7. A method for vehicle on-board storage and retrieval of cryo-cooled hydrogen comprising the steps of: 10 a. attaching a bayonet connector (H) a storage tank (J) onboard said vehicle; b. filling cryo-cooled hydrogen in said tank at pressure of 150bar; c. retrieving said cryo-cooled hydrogen using a multiway diverter valve (I) by setting said valve to a retrieve position; 15 d. making said hydrogen from tank to flow to a pressure regulator (L) thereby reducing the pressure of hydrogen from 150bar to 15 bar; e. parring the hydrogen at 15 bar pressure through a heat exchanger (M) thereby increasing its temperature to 5 °C; f. passing said hydrogen at the temperature of 5oC through a 20 pressure regulator (N) thereby reducing its pressure to 5 bar; g. feeding said hydrogen at 5 °C and pressure of 5 bar to a fuel cell or an internal combustion (IC) engine for further use.