Improved blue light filtration system

Abstract

A light-filtering layer is provided that comprises a polymer substrate and at least three absorbing compounds combined with the polymer substrate, wherein the absorbing compounds each absorb light in a notch band having a full-width half maximum of no more than 40nm. In some examples, the absorbing compounds can be provided in combination so that, for light produced by a display screen that is transmitted through the light-filtering layer, the correlated color temperature is within 1000 Kelvin of the correlated color temperature for light produced by the display screen that is not transmitted through the light-filtering layer. Peak absorptions for the first, second, and third absorbing compounds can be between 436nm and 522nm, 548nm and 616nm, and 643nm and 730nm, respectively. In some embodiments, a fourth absorbing compound can be provided in combination with the polymer substrate and absorbing compounds and can have peak absorption between 417nm and 465nm.

Description

IMPROVED BLUE LIGHT FILTRATION SYSTEMFIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a system and method for improving blue light filtration on electronic display systems and eyewear for use with light-emitting systems.BACKGROUND

[0002] The use of electronic displays has become ubiquitous in modem society, with devices such as smartphones, laptops, and televisions being used for an average of several hours per day. However, the blue light or high energy visible (HEV) light that people are exposed to through use of these displays has been linked to a number of physiological impacts. Therefore, blue light has become a health concern with the emergence of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and their increasing use in electronic display products such as OLED and LCD displays.

[0003] The Blue Light Hazard (BLH) curve, as defined by ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection), describes a wavelength range of emitted light where users see an increase in the risk to retina health. In other words, certain wavelengths of light are more likely to cause cell damage to the retina of the eye. The peak wavelength range where retina health is at risk is between 435nm and 440nm.

[0004] In addition to damaging eye health, blue and cyan light can also impact our circadian rhythms. More specifically, blue and cyan wavelengths of light are known to suppress melatonin production in our bodies, which can be useful in keeping us awake during the day. However, exposure to blue and / or cyan wavelengths of light can be detrimental when exposure occurs at night since these wavelengths can artificially suppress the melatonin production and keep us awake. CIE, the International Commission on Illumination (Commission Internationale de FEclairage), has defined the relative impact by wavelength to our circadian rhythms. The negative impact peaks at 490nm.

[0005] Artificial lighting from electronic displays can be a significant contributor to the exposure to these HEV, blue, and cyan wavelengths. Within electronic displays, the brightness is often driven by one of two common technologies: LED (light emitting diode) and OLED (organic light emitting diode). Of the two, OLED displays are becoming more common because of their superior contrast ratio in comparison to LED displays.

[0006] The blue peak for OLED is typically shifted to a longer blue light wavelength, which places the peak to the right (longer wavelength) compared to the BLH peak but much closer to the melanopic wavelength peak. This shift to longer wavelengths (compared to LED displays) is good for reducing the BLH to the retina but is worse for the impact it has on circadian rhythms. Additionally, there are already known filtration and absorption systems for managing and reducing the BLH peak.

[0007] Therefore, blue light filtration at longer wavelengths is desirable for OLED displays or any other display having blue light wavelength peaks at longer wavelengths. The system described herein improves the impact of the filtration with lower impact on the color of the display and can be utilized either directly on / in the display or on / in eyewear (for example, glasses, AR, VR, or XR) that can be used in conjunction with a display.SUMMARY

[0008] This disclosure relates to a blue light filtration for electronic display systems and eyewear for use with light-emitting systems, and more particularly, relates to a blue light filtration film or layer that can absorb longer wavelength blue light. In an illustrative but non-limiting example, the disclosure provides a light-filtering layer, the layer comprising: a polymer substrate; a first absorbing compound combined with the polymer substrate; a second absorbing compound combined with the polymer substrate; and a third absorbing compound combined with the polymer substrate. The first absorbing compound can absorb light in a notch band having a full-width half maximum of no more than 40nm. The second absorbing compound can absorb light in a notch band having a full-width half maximum of no more than 40nm. The third absorbing compound can absorb light in a notch band having a full-width half maximum of no more than 40nm. Additionally, the first absorbing compound, the second absorbing, and the third absorbing compound can be provided in combination so that, for light produced by a screen transmitted through the light-filtering layer, correlated color temperature may be within about 1000 Kelvin of the correlated color temperature for light produced by the screen that is not transmitted through the light-filtering layer. The first absorbing compound can have peak absorption between 436nm and 522nm, the second absorbing compound can have peak absorption between 548nm to 616nm, and the third absorbing compound can have peak absorption between 643nm to 730nm.

[0009] In some cases, the first absorbing compound can have peak absorption between 477nm and 505nm. And in some cases, the first absorbing compound can have peak absorption between483nm and 503nm. In cases where the first absorbing compound has peak absorption between 436nm and 522nm, the light-filtering layer can have an average transmission value of between 55% and 65%. In cases where the first absorbing compound has peak absorption between 477nm and 505nm, the light-filtering layer can have an average transmission value of between 30% and 44%. In cases where the first absorbing compound has peak absorption between 483nm and 503nm, the light-filtering layer can have an average transmission value of between 65% and 72%

[0010] In some cases, the light-filtering layer can provide a first minimum transmission value for the first absorbing compound at a first wavelength within a first wavelength range of 488nm to 510nm, a first maximum transmission value for the first absorbing compound at a second wavelength within a second wavelength range of 433nm to 453nm, and a second maximum transmission value for the first absorbing compound at a third wavelength within a third wavelength range of 516nm to 526nm. Further, the light-filtering layer can have an average transmission between the first maximum absorption value and the second maximum absorption value of no more than 65%. Additionally, the first minimum transmission value may be no more than 35%, the first maximum transmission value may be at least 55%, and the second maximum transmission value may be at least 55%.

[0011] In some cases, the light-filtering layer can provide a first minimum transmission value for the first absorbing compound at a first wavelength within a first wavelength range of 488nm to 510nm, a first maximum transmission value for the first absorbing compound at a second wavelength within a second wavelength range of 460nm to 470nm, and a second maximum transmission value for the first absorbing compound at a third wavelength within a third wavelength range of 514nm to 522nm. Further, the light-filtering layer can have an average transmission between the first maximum absorption value and the second maximum absorption value of no more than 80%. Additionally, the first minimum transmission value may be no more than 68%, the first maximum transmission value may be at least 70%, and the second maximum transmission value may be at least 70%.

[0012] As mentioned above, in some cases, the second absorbing compound can have peak absorption between 548nm and 616nm. And in some cases, the second absorbing compound can have peak absorption between 575nm and 600nm. In cases where the second absorbing compound has peak absorption between 548nm and 616nm, the light-filtering layer can have an average transmission value of between 42% and 57% or, alternatively, of between 58% and 65%. In caseswhere the second absorbing compound has peak absorption between 575nm and 600nm, the lightfiltering layer can have an average transmission value of between 22% and 35% or, alternatively, of between 42% and 49%.

[0013] In some cases, the light-filtering layer can provide a first minimum transmission value for the second absorbing compound at a first wavelength within a first wavelength range of 582nm to 592nm, a first maximum transmission value for the second absorbing compound at a second wavelength within a second wavelength range of 543nm to 570nm, and a second maximum transmission value for the second absorbing compound at a third wavelength within a third wavelength range of 610nm to 620nm. Further, the light-filtering layer can have an average transmission between the first maximum absorption value and the second maximum absorption value of no more than 60%. Additionally, the first minimum transmission value may be no more than 25%, the first maximum transmission value may be at least 50%, and the second maximum transmission value may be at least 50%; or, alternatively, the first minimum transmission value may be no more than 40%, the first maximum transmission value may be at least 65%, and the second maximum transmission value may be at least 70%.

[0014] As mentioned above, in some cases, the third absorbing compound can have peak absorption between 643nm and 730nm. And in some cases, the third absorbing compound can have peak absorption between 672nm and 707nm. In cases where the third absorbing compound has peak absorption between 643nm and 730nm, the light-filtering layer can have an average transmission value of between 70% and 79% or, alternatively, of between 50% and 65%. In cases where the third absorbing compound has peak absorption between 672nm and 707nm, the lightfiltering layer can have an average transmission value of between 58% and 70% or, alternatively, of between 45% and 55%.

[0015] In some cases, the light-filtering layer can provide a first minimum transmission value for the third absorbing compound at a first wavelength within a first wavelength range of 684nm to 692nm, a first maximum transmission value for the third absorbing compound at a second wavelength within a second wavelength range of 640nm to 655nm, and a second maximum transmission value for the third absorbing compound at a third wavelength within a third wavelength range of 725nm to 735nm. Further, the light-filtering layer can have an average transmission between the first maximum absorption value and the second maximum absorption value of no more than 80%. Additionally, the first minimum transmission value may be no morethan 65%, the first maximum transmission value may be at least 70%, and the second maximum transmission value may be at least 80%; or, alternatively, the first minimum transmission value may be no more than 53%, the first maximum transmission value may be at least 53%, and the second maximum transmission value may be at least 55%.

[0016] In some cases, the light-filtering layer further comprises a fourth absorbing compound combined with the polymer substrate. The fourth absorbing compound can absorb light in a notch band having a full-width half maximum of no more than 40nm. Additionally, the fourth absorbing compound can be provided in combination with the first, the second, and the third absorbing compounds so that, for light produced by a screen transmitted through the light-filtering layer, correlated color temperature may be within about 1000 Kelvin of the correlated color temperature for light produced by the screen that is not transmitted through the light-filtering layer. The fourth absorbing compound can have peak absorption between 417nm and 465nm.

[0017] In some cases, the fourth absorbing compound can have peak absorption between 427nm and 447nm. In cases where the fourth absorbing compound has peak absorption between 417nm and 465nm, the light-filtering layer can have an average transmission value of between 50% and 60%. In cases where the fourth absorbing compound has peak absorption between 427nm and 447nm, the light-filtering layer can have an average transmission value of between 35% and 43%.

[0018] In some cases, the light-filtering layer can provide a first minimum transmission value for the fourth absorbing compound at a first wavelength within a first wavelength range of 430nm to 440nm, a first maximum transmission value for the fourth absorbing compound at a second wavelength within a second wavelength range of 410nm to 420nm, and a second maximum transmission value for the fourth absorbing compound at a third wavelength within a third wavelength range of 460nm to 470nm. Further, the light-filtering layer can have an average transmission between the first maximum absorption value and the second maximum absorption value of no more than 60%. Additionally, the first minimum transmission value may be no more than 40%, the first maximum transmission value may be at least 60%, and the second maximum transmission value may be at least 75%.

[0019] The above summary is not intended to describe each and every example or every implementation of the disclosure. The Description that follows more particularly exemplifies various illustrative embodiments.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The drawings are schematic illustrations and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. The drawings are not necessarily to scale.

[0021] FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating Melanopic (circadian rhythm) and BLH (blue light hazard) sensitivity curves.

[0022] FIG. 2 illustrates example LED and OLED emission curves.

[0023] FIG. 3 illustrates transmission curves for prior art blue light filtration products.

[0024] FIG. 4 illustrates transmission curves for prior art blue light filtration products.

[0025] FIG. 5 shows transmission curves illustrating the transmission impact of embodiments of the disclosed blue light filtration product.

[0026] FIG. 6 shows transmission curves illustrating the transmission impact of embodiments of the disclosed blue light filtration product and compares them to an example OLED emission.

[0027] FIG. 7 shows transmission curves illustrating the transmission impact of embodiments of the disclosed blue light filtration product and compares them to an example OLED emission.

[0028] FIG. 8 illustrates an example display for use in combination with the disclosed blue light filtration product.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Various embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Reference to various embodiments does not limit the scope of the claims attached hereto. Additionally, any examples set forth in this specification are not intended to be limiting and merely set forth some of the many possible embodiments for the appended claims. It is understood that various omissions and substitutions of equivalents are contemplated as circumstances may suggest or render expedient, but these are intended to cover applications or embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the claims attached hereto. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.

[0030] This disclosure relates to a light-filtering film or layer for electronic display systems and eyewear that can be used with electronic display systems, the film / layer having improved blue light filtration. FIGS. 1-7 illustrate various known emission and transmission curves. FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating Melanopic (circadian rhythm) and BLH (blue light hazard) sensitivity curves. FIG. 2 illustrates example LED and OLED emission curves. FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate various transmission curves for known blue light filtration products. FIGS. 5-7 illustrate transmission curves for the light-filtering layer embodiments described herein. FIG. 8 illustrates an example display for use in combination with the disclosed blue light filtration product when it is implemented into a display product.

[0031] As used herein, the term “emission” refers to light that is actively being created and emitted from a light source, such as a display screen, a light array within a display screen, or light otherwise produced naturally or manually; the term “transmission” or “transmittance” (or variants thereof such as, but not limited to, “transmit” or “transmitted”) refers to light that has passed through a light-absorption film such as any of the light-absorption filters described herein. As such, a decreased in transmission, for example, means the amount of light leaving the light-absorption filter is less than the amount of light that entered the light-absorption filter; and the term “transmission value” refers to the percentage of light within a specific wavelength range that is permitted to pass through a filter such as any of the light-absorption filters described herein. As such, transmission value does not refer to the active process of emitting light but instead the ability of a light-absorption filter to absorb light within a specific wavelength range.

[0032] FIG. 1 illustrates the two, above-mentioned BLH and Melanopic curves plotting peak sensitivity (y-axis) against wavelength (x-axis). More specifically, the y-axis is scaled to illustrate maximum sensitivity as having a value of 1.00. The first curve is the BLH Sensitivity Curve, which defines, by wavelength, the increasing risk to retina health. As illustrated, peak impact occurs between 435nm and 440nm. The second curve is the Melanopic (Circadian Impact) Sensitivity Curve, which defines, by wavelength, the increasing impact on our circadian rhythms. As illustrated, peak impact occurs between 485nm and 495nm (for example, 490nm).

[0033] As mentioned above, different display technologies have different emission curves and varying amounts of light being emitted at each wavelength. FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the LED and OLED emission curves plotting radiance (y-axis) against wavelength (x-axis). The dashed line illustrates a typical LED emission curve, and the solid line illustrates a typical OLED emission curve. In FIG. 2, three peaks in emission can be seen. These peaks correspond to blue (400nm- 500nm), green (500nm-600nm), and red (600nm-700nm). The specific shape and location of those peaks can be variable for different displays.

[0034] Particularly important with regard to the emission of harmful blue light is the shape and location of the blue emission peaks. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the blue peak for OLED is typically shifted to a longer blue light wavelength, which places the peak to the right (longer wavelength) compared to the BLH peak but much closer to the melanopic wavelength peak. This shift to longer wavelengths (compared to LED displays) is good for reducing the BLH to the retina but is worse for the impact it has on circadian rhythms.

[0035] A relative but quantitative impact of displays on the BLH as well as circadian rhythms can be calculated by multiplying the emission curve shown in FIG. 2 by the respective sensitivity curve shown in FIG. 1. The resulting function is then integrated or summed to give a total of emissions that are weighted by the BLH.

[0036] There are a number of known products that can be used to filter light from portions of the display spectrum. Unfortunately, these products are less effective in making an impact on OLED displays since the peak blue emissions tend to be at longer blue wavelengths and peak absorptions tend to be at shorter blue wavelengths. These same products, unsurprisingly, also have more difficulty reducing the impact on circadian rhythms. A graph of the transmission spectrum for known products being sold as blue light filters is shown in FIG. 3 where the percent transmission (i.e., transmission value) of light (y-axis) is plotted against wavelengths of light (x-axis). As illustrated, the relatively short blue wavelengths illustrate where transmission drops due to where most of the blue light filtration occurs, which is at or below approximately 450nm. This is because the filtration (regions of lower transmittance) is focused on shorter wavelengths for these different products. This type of filtration is much less effective in reducing the emission of an OLED display compared to an LED display since, as mentioned above, the blue peak in an OLED display is at longer wavelengths that are closer to 490nm.

[0037] FIG. 4 illustrates additional prior art filters that function well for LED displays, but do not filter adequately for displays with longer wavelength blue transmission (i.e., OLED displays). These filters are also charted on the graph in FIG. 4 by showing percent transmission (i.e., transmission value) of light (y-axis) plotted against wavelengths of light (x-axis). The peak blue filtration of these products is typically around 435nm to 440nm. Therefore, these filters also do not minimize the impact of OLED displays on circadian rhythm.

[0038] Unlike the above-recited known products, the disclosed filters may have a greater reduction on both the Blue Light Hazard (BLH) and the Circadian Impact (CI) for an OLED display (for example, OLED displays having an emission curve like the example curves illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 6-7). This reduction is calculated as a percentage with the following equations:

[0039] % Reduction in blue light toxicity = ((BLH * OLED emi s si on)w / o niter - (BLH*OLED emission)with niter) / (BLH * OLED emission)w / o niter

[0040] % Reduction in Circadian Impact = ((CI * OLED emission)w / o niter - (CI*OLED emission)with niter) / (CI * OLED emission)w / o niter

[0041] The products whose transmission curves are illustrated in FIG. 3, are listed below in Tables 1 and 2. Table 1 shows measurements taken of the various products when they are used with an LED display. Table 2 shows measurements taken of the various products when they are used with an OLED display.

[0042] Table 1

[0043] Table 2

[0044] As evidenced by the data in Tables 1 and 2, there is a larger “percent reduction” in both CI and Toxicity when the Filter Products A-J are used on an LED display compared to an OLED display. In other words, while the various filters do reduce BLH and CI in LED and OLED displays, they are more effective on LED displays than they are on OLED displays.

[0045] Some embodiments of the disclosure (for example, those illustrated in FIG. 5, showing the percent transmission (i.e., transmission value) of light (y-axis) plotted against wavelengths of light (x-axis)) have an improved design that aims for 20% or 30% transmission reduction in OLED displays while also improving performance of the OLED display. More specifically, the two graphed embodiments aim to reduce transmission across the entire visible spectrum by 20% or 30%, respectively. Table 3 illustrates data for these filters.

[0046] Table 3

[0047] Therefore, the products disclosed herein function to decrease transmission of longer wavelength blue light. FIGS. 5-7 illustrate embodiments of various transmission curves of the disclosed filters, and they illustrate a decrease in blue light transmission at various points along the transmission curve. For example, decreases in transmission are seen at wavelength ranges 460nm to 520nm (with peak absorption around 495nm), 570nm to 610nm (with peak absorptionaround 590nm), and 660nm to 725nm (with peak absorption around 685nm). While FIG. 5 only shows the percent transmission of light (y-axis) plotted against wavelengths of light (x-axis), FIGS. 6 and 7 both show the percent transmission (i.e., transmission value) of light (left y-axis) as well as radiance (right y-axis) plotted against wavelength (x-axis).

[0048] The absorbing compounds referenced herein can be comprised of dyes that are tuned such that they are compatible with each other and the polymer substrate (i.e., the dyes don’t interact / react with each other or with the polymer substrate (for example, a resin)) that they are mixed with. At least one absorption dye or other absorption component may be chosen so that the peak absorption for blue is between 460nm and 520nm. In some cases, the dye can have a full width half max of less than (or equal to) 50nm, such as 40nm, 30nm, 20nm, lOnm, or even 5nm, to reduce the negative impact to luminance of the display when light is absorbed by the absorption dye in the filter. In some embodiments, color correction is added to the filter to ensure that absorption of the various wavelengths in the display transmission does not negatively impact the experience of the user. For example, color correction may be implemented as chosen dyes that have their maximum absorption in the green (between 570nm and 610nm) and / or red (between 660nm and 725nm) wavelength regions. These color corrections may enable the light-filtering layer or film to minimally impact the original white point of the display. In other words, with the light-filtering layer or film added to a display or eyewear, the white point from a light-emitting device may be limited to no more than a predetermined amount of change of the x and y coordinates. For example, the white point for D65 is x=0.313, y=0.329, and the amount of x and y coordinate change from the white point may be no more than x < ± 0.15, y < ± 0.15 as measured with CIE 1931 color space. In some embodiments, the ratios of the color correction dyes to the blue light absorbing dyes may be as follows:

[0049] Table 4

[0050] In some embodiments, the light-filtering film / layer may be applied to electronic display devices that have software-enabled color correction based on ambient lighting conditions (for example, True Tone technology provided by Apple®). The software-enabled color correction can be enabled or disabled by a viewer, and there are significant color temperature differences between the two settings. The light-filtering film / layer disclosed herein is designed so that, regardless of the software-enabled color correction status (enabled v. disabled), the film / layer accurately reflects the color temperature of light being emitted by the device. In other words, the lightfiltering film / layer provides little to no color temperature change and little to no change in the white point (for example, as above where the amount of x and y coordinate change may be no more than x < ± 0.15, y < ± 0.15 as measured with CIE 1931 color space) when the software- enabled color correction is enabled and when the software-enabled color correction is disabled.

[0051] More specifically, the film / layer disclosed herein can have at least three absorption peaks along the visible light spectrum. The light-filtering layer or film can be comprised of a polymer substrate and at least three absorbing compounds that are combined with the polymer substrate, wherein each absorbing compound can absorb light in a notch band having a full-width half maximum of no more than 40nm, and the three compounds can be combined so that the correlated color temperature for light produced by a screen transmitted through the light-filtering film / layer is within about 1000 Kelvin of the correlated color temperature for light produced by a screen that is not transmitted through the light-filtering film / layer. The first absorbing compound can have peak absorption between 436nm and 522nm, the second absorbing compound can have peak absorption between 548nm to 616nm, and the third absorbing compound can have peak absorption between 643nm to 730nm. The first absorbing compound may function to decrease the problematic blue light (for example, the wavelength covering the BLH or the Melanopic ranges). The second and third absorbing compounds may function to provide color balance so that the image seen by the viewer retains a similar white point and correlated color temperature. Table 4 illustrates data points taken from the embodiments in FIGS. 6-7, and further explanations are detailed below.

[0052] Table 5: Absorption ranges and peaks and their associated transmission values

[0053] First Absorbing Compound

[0054] As illustrated in FIGS. 5-7, in some embodiments, the first absorbing compound may have an overall absorption range having a first maximum transmission value at the low end of the range between 433nm and 453nm and a second maximum transmission value at the high end of the range between 516nm and 526nm. For example, the first absorbing compound can have an overall absorption range between 436nm + / - 3nm and 522nm + / - 3nm (for example, between 436nm and 522nm or between 438nm and 521nm), as illustrated in FIGS. 5-6. In other example, the first absorbing compound can have a narrower overall absorption range such as, but not limited to, between 465nm + / - 3nm and 518nm + / - 3nm, as illustrated in FIG. 6. In yet another example, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the first absorbing compound may have an overall absorption range between 446nm + / - 3nm and 520nm + / - 3nm (for example, between 445nm and 520nm or between 447nm and 520nm).

[0055] In some embodiments, the first absorbing compound can have a full width half max (FWHM) range that is narrower than the overall absorption range. For example, the FWHM, which can include the peak absorption, for the first absorbing compound can be between 477nm + / - 3nm and 505nm + / - 3nm (i.e., 28nm + / - 6nm) or between 483nm + / - 3nm and 503nm + / - 3nm (i.e., 20nm + / - 6nm). As illustrated in FIGS. 5-7, the actual absorption peak for the first absorbing compound may be more precisely between 488nm and 498nm (for example, 493nm + / - 3nm) or between 488nm and 510nm (for example, 499 + / - 3nm).

[0056] The various embodiments of the first absorbing compound, while having similar absorption peaks, may have varying transmission values at their peaks. For example, a first embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 5, can have a transmission value of no more than about 40% + / - 3% at the absorption peak, and a second embodiment, also illustrated in FIG. 5, can have a transmission value of no more than about 20% + / - 3% at the absorption peak. As illustrated in FIG. 6, while one embodiment, RPF60, can have a transmission value of no more than about 68% + / - 3% at the absorption peak (for example, 64.4%), other embodiments can have a transmission value of no more than 35%. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, the CPF60 embodiment illustrates a transmission value of 29% + / - 3% at the absorption peak (for example, 29.1%), the CPF70 embodiment illustrates a transmission value of 20% + / - 3% at the absorption peak (for example, 20.3%), the CPF60 2-way privacy embodiment illustrates a transmission value of 33%+ / - 3% (for example, 32.9%), and the CPF604-way privacy embodiment illustrates a transmission value of 32% + / - 3% (for example, 32.0%).

[0057] In embodiments where the peak absorption is between 436nm + / - 3nm and 522nm + / - 3nm for the first absorbing compound, the film or layer may have an average transmission, between 436nm + / - 3nm and 522nm + / - 3nm, of no more than 65% (for example, between 55% and 65%), as illustrated by the CPF60, RPF60, and CPF70 curves in FIG. 6 and the CPF60 2-way privacy and CPF60 4-way privacy curves in FIG. 7. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the average transmission between 436nm and 522nm for the first absorbing compound of the CPF60 embodiment can be around 63.1%, the average transmission between 438nm and 521nm for the first absorbing compound of the CPF60 embodiment can be around 62.5%, and the average transmission between 436nm and 522nm for the first absorbing compound of the CPF70 embodiment can be around 57.2%. As illustrated in FIG. 6, in embodiments where the peak absorption is between 465nm + / - 3nm and 518nm + / - 3nm for the first absorbing compound, the film / layer may have an average transmission, between 465nm + / - 3nm and 518nm + / - 3nm, of between 70% and 80% (for example, 75.9%), as illustrated by the RPF60 curve. As illustrated in FIG. 7, in embodiments where the peak absorption is between 445nm + / - 3nm and 520nm + / - 3nm for the first absorbing compound, the film / layer may have an average transmission, between 445nm + / - 3nm and 520nm + / - 3nm, of between 50% and 60% (for example, 55.4% or 47.1%), as illustrated by the CPF60 2-way privacy curve and the CPF60 4-way privacy curve.

[0058] To obtain these average transmission values, the various embodiments may have limits at their first and second maximum transmission values. For example, the first absorbing compound may have a first maximum transmission value within a first wavelength range of 433nm to 453nm (for example, a value of 436nm, 438nm, 445nm, or 447nm) wherein the first maximum transmission value is at least 55% (for example, between 75% and 85% or between 55% and 70%). Additionally, the first absorbing compound may have a second maximum transmission value within a second wavelength range of 516nm to 526nm (for example, a value of 520nm, 521nm, or 522nm) wherein the second maximum transmission value is at least 55% (for example, between 75% and 85% or between 55% and 70%). More specifically, the CPF60 curve in FIG. 6 illustrates a first maximum transmission value of 80.6% (at 438nm) and a second maximum transmission value of 80.0% (at 521nm), and the CPF70 curve in FIG. 6 illustrates a first maximum transmission value of 77.6% (at 436nm) and a second maximum transmission value of 77.1% (at 522nm). The CPF602-way privacy curve in FIG. 7 illustrates a first maximum transmission valueof 67.7% (at 445nm) and a second maximum transmission value of 68.5% (at 520nm), and the CPF60 4-way privacy curve in FIG. 7 illustrates a first maximum transmission value of 55.1% (at 447nm) and a second maximum transmission value of 55.5% (at 520nm).

[0059] In another example, the first absorbing compound may have a first maximum transmission value within a first wavelength range of 460nm to 470nm (for example, a value of 465nm) wherein the first maximum transmission value is at least 70% (for example, between 75% and 85%). Additionally, the first absorbing compound may have a second maximum transmission value within a second wavelength range of 514nm to 522nm (for example, a value of 518nm) wherein the second maximum transmission value is at least 70% (for example, between 80% and 90%). More specifically, the RPF60 curve in FIG. 6 illustrates a first maximum transmission value of 81.4% (at 465nm) and a second maximum transmission value at 84.6% (at 518nm).

[0060] In embodiments where the FWHM and the peak absorption are between 477nm + / - 3nm and 505nm + / - 3nm for the first absorbing compound, the film / layer may have a lower average transmission (i.e., stronger absorption compared to the average transmission for the full wavelength range of, for example, 436nm to 522nm), between 477nm + / - 3nm and 505nm + / - 3nm, of between 30% and 44%, as illustrated by the CPF60 and CPF70 curves in FIG. 6 and the CPF60 2-way and CPF60 4-way privacy curves in FIG. 7. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the average transmission between 477nm and 505nm for the first absorbing compound of the CPF60 embodiment is around 41.7%, and the average transmission between 477nm and 505nm for the first absorbing compound of the CPF70 embodiment is around 33.2%. In embodiments where the FWHM and the peak absorption are between 478nm and 504nm, as illustrated by the CPF60 embodiment in FIG. 6, the average transmission between 478nm and 504nm for the first absorbing compound is around 40.5%. As illustrated in FIG. 7, the average transmission between 480nm and 504nm for the first absorbing compound of the 2-way embodiment is around 40.6%, and the average transmission between 480nm and 504nm for the first absorbing compound of the 4-way embodiment is around 37.4%. In embodiments where the FWHM and / or the peak absorption are between 483nm + / - 3nm and 503nm + / - 3nm for the first absorbing compound, the film / layer may have an average transmission, between 483nm + / - 3nm and 503nm + / - 3nm, of between 65% and 72% (for example, 68.5%), as illustrated by the RPF60 curve in FIG. 6.

[0061] Second Absorbing Compound

[0062] As illustrated in FIGS. 5-7, in some embodiments, the second absorbing compound may have an overall absorption range having a first maximum transmission value at the low end of the range between 543nm and 570nm and a second maximum transmission value at the high end of the range between 610nm and 620nm. For example, the second absorbing compound can have an overall absorption range between 548nm + / - 3nm and 616nm + / - 3nm (for example, between 548nm and 616nm, between 548nm and 615nm, or between 547nm and 614nm), as illustrated in FIGS. 5-7. In other example, the second absorbing compound can have a narrower overall absorption range such as, but not limited to, between 567nm + / - 3nm and 615nm + / - 3nm, as illustrated in FIG. 6.

[0063] In some embodiments, the second absorbing compound can have a full width half max (FWHM) range that is narrower than the overall absorption range. For example, the FWHM, which can include the peak absorption, for the second absorbing compound can be between 575nm + / - 3nm and 600nm + / - 3nm (i.e., 25nm + / - 6nm). As illustrated in FIGS. 5-7, the actual absorption peak for the second absorbing compound may be more precisely between 582nm and 592nm (for example, 587nm or 586 + / - 3nm).

[0064] The various embodiments of the second absorbing compound, while having similar absorption peaks, may have varying transmission values at their peaks. For example, a first embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 5, can have a transmission value of no more than about 57% + / - 3% at the absorption peak, and a second embodiment, also illustrated in FIG. 5, can have a transmission value of no more than about 52% + / - 3% at the absorption peak. As illustrated in FIG. 6, while one embodiment, RPF60, can have a transmission value of no more than about 40% + / - 3% at the absorption peak (for example, 34.7%), other embodiments can have a transmission value of no more than 25%. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, the CPF60 embodiment illustrates a transmission value of 20% + / - 3% at the absorption peak (for example, 20.5%), the CPF70 embodiment illustrates a transmission value of 15% + / - 3% at the absorption peak (for example, 14.6%), the CPF60 2-way privacy embodiment illustrates a transmission value of 22% + / - 3% (for example, 22.5%), and the CPF604-way privacy embodiment illustrates a transmission value of 24% + / - 3% (for example, 23.5%).

[0065] In embodiments where the peak absorption is between 548nm + / - 3nm and 616nm + / - 3nm for the second absorbing compound, the film or layer may have an average transmission, between 548nm + / - 3nm and 616nm + / - 3nm, of no more than 60% (for example, between 42% and 57%or between 58% and 65%), as illustrated by the CPF60, RPF60, and CPF70 curves in FIG. 6 and the CPF60 2-way privacy and CPF60 4-way privacy curves in FIG. 7. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the average transmission between 548nm and 616nm for the second absorbing compound of the CPF60 embodiment can be around 53.2%, the average transmission between 548nm and 616nm for the second absorbing compound of the RPF60 embodiment can be around 61.1%, the average transmission between 548nm and 616nm for the second absorbing compound of the CPF70 embodiment can be around 47.0%, the average transmission between 548nm and 616nm for the second absorbing compound of the CPF60 2-way privacy embodiment can be around 49.4%, and the average transmission between 548nm and 616nm for the second absorbing compound of the CPF60 4-way privacy embodiment can be around 42.4%. As illustrated in FIG. 6, in embodiments where the peak absorption is between 567nm + / - 3nm and 615nm + / - 3nm for the second absorbing compound, the film / layer may have an average transmission, between 567nm + / - 3nm and 615nm + / - 3nm, of between 55% and 60% (for example, 56.9%), as illustrated by the RPF60 curve. As illustrated in FIG. 7, in embodiments where the peak absorption is between 547nm + / - 3nm and 615nm + / - 3nm for the second absorbing compound, the film / layer may have an average transmission, between 547nm + / - 3nm and 615nm + / - 3nm, of between 40% and 50% (for example, 49.1% or 42.3%), as illustrated by the CPF602-way privacy curve and the CPF60 4-way privacy curve.

[0066] To obtain these average transmission values, the various embodiments may have limits at their first and second maximum transmission values. For example, the second absorbing compound may have a first maximum transmission value within a first wavelength range of 543nm to 570nm (for example, a value of 547nm, 548nm, or 567nm) wherein the first maximum transmission value is at least 50% (for example, between 65% and 75% or between 50% and 65%). Additionally, the second absorbing compound may have a second maximum transmission value within a second wavelength range of 610nm to 620nm (for example, a value of 614nm, 615nm, or 616nm) wherein the second maximum transmission value is at least 50% (for example, between 65% and 75% or between 50% and 65%). More specifically, the CPF60 curve in FIG. 6 illustrates a first maximum transmission value of 71.4% (at 548nm) and a second maximum transmission value of 74.6% (at 616nm), and the CPF70 curve in FIG. 6 illustrates a first maximum transmission value of 67.1% (at 548nm) and a second maximum transmission value of 67.5% (at 616nm). The CPF602-way privacy curve in FIG. 7 illustrates a first maximum transmission value of 62.8% (at 548nm) and a second maximum transmission value of 65.0% (at 615nm), and theCPF60 4-way privacy curve in FIG. 7 illustrates a first maximum transmission value of 51.7% (at 547nm) and a second maximum transmission value of 52.5% (at 614nm).

[0067] In another example, the second absorbing compound may have a first maximum transmission value within a first wavelength range of 560nm to 580nm (for example, a value of 567nm) wherein the first maximum transmission value is at least 65% (for example, between 65% and 75%). Additionally, the second absorbing compound may have a second maximum transmission value within a second wavelength range of 610nm to 620nm (for example, a value of 615nm) wherein the second maximum transmission value is at least 70% (for example, between 65% and 75%). More specifically, the RPF60 curve in FIG. 6 illustrates a first maximum transmission value of 69.6% (at 567nm) and a second maximum transmission value at 77.8% (at 615nm).

[0068] In embodiments where the FWHM and the peak absorption are between 575nm + / - 3nm and 600nm + / - 3nm for the second absorbing compound, the film or layer may have a lower average transmission (i.e., stronger absorption compared to the average transmission for the full wavelength range of, for example, 548nm to 616nm), between 575nm + / - 3nm and 600nm + / - 3nm, of between 22% and 35%, as illustrated by the CPF60 and CPF70 curves in FIG. 6 and the CPF602-way and CPF604-way privacy curves in FIG. 7, or between 42% and 49%, as illustrated by the RPF60 curve in FIG. 6. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the average transmission between 575nm and 600nm for the second absorbing compound of the CPF60 embodiment is around 31.9%, the average transmission between 575nm and 600nm for the second absorbing compound of the RPF60 embodiment is around 45.6%, and the average transmission between 575nm and 600nm for the second absorbing compound of the CPF70 embodiment is around 25.3%. In embodiments where the FWHM and the peak absorption are between 574nm and 600nm, as illustrated by the CPF70 embodiment in FIG. 6, the average transmission between 574nm and 600nm for the second absorbing compound is around 26.0%. As illustrated in FIG. 7, the average transmission between 575nm and 600nm for the second absorbing compound of the 2-way embodiment is around 33.1%, and the average transmission between 575nm and 600nm for the second absorbing compound of the 4-way embodiment is around 31.3%. In embodiments where the FWHM and / or the peak absorption are between 577nm + / - 3nm and 599nm+ / - 3nm for the second absorbing compound, the film / layer may have an average transmission, between 577nm + / - 3nm and 599nm + / - 3nm, of between 40% and 47% (for example, 43.4%), as illustrated by the RPF60 curve in FIG. 6. In embodiments where the FWHM and / or the peak absorption arebetween 575nm + / - 3nm and 597nm + / - 3nm for the second absorbing compound, the film / layer may have an average transmission, between 575nm + / - 3nm and 597nm + / - 3nm, of between 25% and 35% (for example, 31.0% or 29.8%), as illustrated by the CPF60 2-way and CPF60 4-way privacy curves in FIG. 7.

[0069] Third Absorbing Compound

[0070] As illustrated in FIGS. 5-7, in some embodiments, the third absorbing compound may have an overall absorption range having a first maximum transmission value at the low end of the range between 640nm and 655nm and a second maximum transmission value at the high end of the range between 725nm and 735nm. For example, the third absorbing compound can have an overall absorption range between 643nm + / - 3nm and 730nm + / - 3nm (for example, between 642nm and 730nm or between 643nm and 730nm), as illustrated in FIGS. 5-7.

[0071] In some embodiments, the third absorbing compound can have a full width half max (FWHM) range that is narrower than the overall absorption range. For example, the FWHM, which can include the peak absorption, for the third absorbing compound can be between 672nm + / - 3nm and 707nm + / - 3nm (i.e., 35nm + / - 6nm). As illustrated in FIGS. 5-7, the actual absorption peak for the third absorbing compound may be more precisely between 684nm and 692nm (for example, 688nm or 687nm + / - 3nm).

[0072] The various embodiments of the third absorbing compound, while having similar absorption peaks, may have varying transmission values at their peaks. For example, a first embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 5, can have a transmission value of no more than about 77% + / - 3% at the absorption peak, and a second embodiment, also illustrated in FIG. 5, can have a transmission value of no more than about 54% + / - 3% at the absorption peak. As illustrated in FIG. 6, while some embodiments can have a transmission value of no more than about 65% + / - 3% at the absorption peak (for example, 42.7%, 42.8%, 50.9%, 55.7%, or 60.8%), other embodiments can have a transmission value of no more than 53% (for example, 42.7%, 42.8%, or 50.9%). For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, the CPF60 embodiment illustrates a transmission value of 55% + / - 3% at the absorption peak (for example, 55.7%), the RPF60 embodiment illustrates a transmission value of 60% + / - 3% at the absorption peak (for example, 60.8%), the CPF70 embodiment illustrates a transmission value of 43% + / - 3% at the absorption peak (for example, 42.7%), the CPF602-way privacy embodiment illustrates a transmission valueof 51% + / - 3% (for example, 50.9%), and the CPF60 4-way privacy embodiment illustrates a transmission value of 43% + / - 3% (for example, 42.8%).

[0073] In embodiments where the peak absorption is between 643nm + / - 3nm and 730nm + / - 3nm for the third absorbing compound, the film or layer may have an average transmission, between 643nm + / - 3nm and 730nm + / - 3nm, of no more than 80% (for example, between 70% and 79% or between 50% and 65%), as illustrated by the CPF60, RPF60, and CPF70 curves in FIG. 6 and the CPF60 2-way privacy and CPF60 4-way privacy curves in FIG. 7. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the average transmission between 643nm and 730nm for the third absorbing compound of the CPF60 embodiment can be around 72.9%, the average transmission between 643nm and 730nm for the third absorbing compound of the RPF60 embodiment can be around 75.9%, the average transmission between 643nm and 730nm for the third absorbing compound of the CPF70 embodiment can be around 64.6%, the average transmission between 643nm and 730nm for the third absorbing compound of the CPF60 2-way privacy embodiment can be around 62.7%, and the average transmission between 643nm and 730nm for the third absorbing compound of the CPF604-way privacy embodiment can be around 50.6%. As illustrated in FIG. 7, in embodiments where the peak absorption is between 642nm + / - 3nm and 730nm + / - 3nm for the third absorbing compound, the film / layer may have an average transmission, between 642nm + / - 3nm and 730nm + / - 3nm, of between 50% and 65% (for example, 62.9% or 50.6%), as illustrated by the CPF60 2- way privacy curve and the CPF60 4-way privacy curve.

[0074] To obtain these average transmission values, the various embodiments may have limits at their first and second maximum transmission values. For example, the third absorbing compound may have a first maximum transmission value within a first wavelength range of 640nm to 655nm (for example, a value of 642nm or 643nm) wherein the first maximum transmission value is at least 53% (for example, between 53% and 60%, between 60% and 70%) or at least 70% (for example, between 70% and 85%). Additionally, the third absorbing compound may have a second maximum transmission value within a second wavelength range of 725nm to 735nm (for example, a value of 730nm) wherein the second maximum transmission value is at least 55% (for example, between 50% and 60% or between 68% and 78%) or at least 80% (for example, between 80% and 90% or between 85% and 95%).

[0075] More specifically, the CPF60 curve in FIG. 6 illustrates a first maximum transmission value of 79.9% (at 643nm) and a second maximum transmission value of 88.9% (at 730nm), theRPF60 curve in FIG. 6 illustrates a first maximum transmission value of 82.0% (at 643 nm) and a second maximum transmission value of 89.5% (at 730nm), and the CPF70 curve in FIG. 6 illustrates a first maximum transmission value of 73.3% (at 643nm) and a second maximum transmission value of 86.8% (at 730nm). The CPF60 2-way privacy curve in FIG. 7 illustrates a first maximum transmission value of 67.9% (at 642nm) and a second maximum transmission value of 73.3% (at 730nm), and the CPF60 4-way privacy curve in FIG. 7 illustrates a first maximum transmission value of 54.3% (at 642nm) and a second maximum transmission value of 56.9% (at 730nm).

[0076] In embodiments where the FWHM and the peak absorption are between 672nm + / - 3nm and 707nm + / - 3nm for the third absorbing compound, the film or layer may have a lower average transmission (i.e., stronger absorption compared to the average transmission for the full wavelength range of, for example, 643nm to 730nm), between 672nm + / - 3nm and 707nm + / - 3nm, of between 58% and 70%, as illustrated by the CPF60 and RPF60 curves in FIG. 6, or between 45% and 55%, as illustrated by the CPF70 curve in FIG. 6 and the CPF60 2-way and CPF60 4-way privacy curves in FIG. 7. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the average transmission between 672nm and 707nm for the third absorbing compound of the CPF60 embodiment is around 61.9%, the average transmission between 672nm and 707nm for the third absorbing compound of the RPF60 embodiment is around 66.3%, and the average transmission between 672nm and 707nm for the third absorbing compound of the CPF70 embodiment is around 50.2%. As illustrated in FIG. 7, the average transmission between 672nm and 707nm for the third absorbing compound of the CPF60 2-way privacy embodiment is around 55.2%, and the average transmission between 672nm and 707nm for the third absorbing compound of the CPF60 4-way privacy embodiment is around 45.7%. In embodiments where the FWHM and the peak absorption are between 673nm and 706nm, as illustrated by the CPF60 and RPF60 embodiments in FIG. 6, the average transmission between 673nm and 706nm for the third absorbing compound can be between 60% and 70% (for example, 61.3% or 65.8%, respectively). As illustrated in FIG. 7, the average transmission between 672nm and 705nm for the third absorbing compound of the 2-way embodiment is around 54.7%, and the average transmission between 672nm and 705nm for the third absorbing compound of the 4-way embodiment is around 45.4%.

[0077] Fourth Absorbing Compound

[0078] In some embodiments of the disclosed device, the light-filtering film or layer may be further comprised of a fourth absorbing compound combined with the polymer substrate. The fourth absorbing compound can absorb light in a notch band having a full-width half maximum of no more than 40nm and can be provided in combination with the first, the second, and the third absorbing compounds so that, for light produced by a screen transmitted through the light-filtering film / layer, correlated color temperature may be within about 1000 Kelvin of the correlated color temperature for light produced by the screen that is not transmitted through the light-filtering film / layer. The fourth absorbing compound can have peak absorption between 417nm and 465nm and can function to decrease the problematic blue light in wavelengths covering the BLH range. Table 5 illustrates data points taken from the embodiment in FIG. 6, and further explanations are detailed below.

[0079] As illustrated in FIG. 6, in some embodiments, the fourth absorbing compound may have an overall absorption range having a first maximum transmission value at the low end of the range between 410nm and 420nm and a second maximum transmission value at the high end of the range between 460nm and 470nm. For example, the fourth absorbing compound can have an overall absorption range between 417nm + / - 3nm and 465nm + / - 3nm, as illustrated in FIG. 6.

[0080] In some embodiments, the fourth absorbing compound can have a full width half max (FWHM) range that is narrower than the overall absorption range. For example, the FWHM, which can include the peak absorption, for the fourth absorbing compound can be between 427nm + / - 3nm and 447nm + / - 3nm (i.e., 20nm + / - 6nm). As illustrated in FIG. 6, the actual absorption peak for the fourth absorbing compound may be more precisely between 430nm and 440nm (for example, 436nm + / - 3nm).

[0081] The transmission value for the absorption peak of the fourth absorbing compound may be comparable to the transmission values for embodiments of the first absorbing compound. For example, one embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 6, can have a transmission value of no more than about 40% + / - 3% at the absorption peak. For example, the RPF60 embodiment in FIG. 6 illustrates a transmission value of 30% + / - 3% at the absorption peak (for example, 29.7%).

[0082] In embodiments where the peak absorption is between 417nm + / - 3nm and 465nm + / - 3nm for the fourth absorbing compound, the film or layer may have an average transmission, between 417nm + / - 3nm and 465nm + / - 3nm, of no more than 60% (for example, between 50% and 60%), as illustrated by the RPF60 curve in FIG. 6. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the averagetransmission between 417nm and 465nm for the fourth absorbing compound of the RPF60 embodiment can be around 56.5%.

[0083] To obtain these average transmission values, the embodiments may have limits at their first and second maximum transmission values. For example, the fourth absorbing compound may have a first maximum transmission value within a first wavelength range of 410nm to 420nm (for example, a value of 417nm) wherein the first maximum transmission value is at least 60% (for example, between 60% and 70%). Additionally, the fourth absorbing compound may have a second maximum transmission value within a second wavelength range of 460nm to 470nm (for example, a value of 465nm) wherein the second maximum transmission value is at least 75% (for example, between 75% and 85%). More specifically, the RPF60 curve in FIG. 6 illustrates a first maximum transmission value of 63.9% (at 417nm) and a second maximum transmission value of 81.4% (at 465nm).

[0084] In embodiments where the FWHM and the peak absorption are between 427nm + / - 3nm and 447nm + / - 3nm for the fourth absorbing compound, the film / layer may have a lower average transmission (i.e., stronger absorption compared to the average transmission for the full wavelength range of, for example, 417nm to 465nm), between 427nm + / - 3nm and 447nm + / - 3nm, of between 35% and 43%, as illustrated by the RPF60 curve in FIG. 6. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the average transmission between 427nm and 447nm for the fourth absorbing compound of the RPF60 embodiment is around 39.1%.

[0085] Generally, for embodiments of the film / layer that have a fourth absorbing compound with peak absorption between 417nm and 465nm and a first absorbing compound with peak absorption between 465nm and 518nm, the first absorbing compound can have lower levels of absorption compared to embodiments with a first absorbing compound and no fourth absorbing compound. This is due to the presence of a second “blue” absorber that functions to absorb wavelengths in the BLH range.

[0086] Applications

[0087] The above-described absorbing compounds can be incorporated into electronic devices or, in some cases, into eyewear such as, but not limited to, eyeglasses, goggles, augmented reality devices, virtual reality devices, extended reality devices, and / or mixed reality devices. The light-filtering layer may be a film laminated on the lens, may be a layer coated on a lens, or it may be imbibed into (i.e., mixed within the material of) the lens.

[0088] In embodiments involving a film, the film may be laminated onto the front or the back of the lens during production or after the eyewear have been manufactured (i.e., an after-market application). The film may include an adhesive on one side to aide it in adhering to the eyewear. In some cases, the film may be comprised of one absorbing layer and one adhesive layer, such that all absorbing compounds and polymers are mixed together before the adhesive layer is added. In other cases, the absorbing layer may be several, separate layers provided in combination such that, if there are three absorbing compounds, each compound has its own layer. Alternatively, two of the three may be combined and the third may be provided in its own layer. In embodiments having four compounds, they each may have their own layer or any combination of compounds may be made such that there are fewer than four absorbing layers.

[0089] In embodiments where a coating is placed on the lens, the coating may be applied using a vacuum deposition process where the lens is heated, and a thin layer of coating material is applied. The coating application may occur by vaporizing the coating material in the vacuum chamber and then allowing it to condense on the surface of the lens. Application of the coating material may be on the back and / or front of the lens. In some cases, one layer may be applied, and, in some cases, multiple layers may be applied. As described above with the film, the layers may each include their own absorbing compound, or the layers(s) may be a combination of one or more of the absorbing compounds. In some cases, the coating is applied using a trans-bonding process.

[0090] In embodiments where a coating is placed on the lens, the coating may be applied as a liquid coating where the absorbing compounds have been mixed within the coating solution, the coating solution would then have components such as polymer binders, monomers, thermal or UV curing agents, adhesion promotors, etc. These components can provide a more permanent layer on the lens where the dye is suspended. In application, the liquid coating can be applied by various methods known in the industry such as, but not limited to, dip coating, spin coating, flow coating, curtain coatings, etc. The coating can be allowed to solidify and become more permanent through means of drying, thermal curing, and / or UV / visible radiation curing. In some embodiments, application of the coating material may be on the back and / or the front of the lens. Additionally, one or more layers may be applied. As described above with the film, the layers may each includetheir own absorbing compound, or the layer(s) may be a combination of one or more of the absorbing compounds.

[0091] In embodiments where the light-filtering layer is imbibed into the lens, the absorbing compounds may be applied to the surface of the lens and the lens may then be treated or processed to enable the absorbing compounds to penetrate the lens material. In some embodiments, the treatment process involves heat. The application of absorbing compounds may occur in sequence (i.e., one absorbing compound is applied at a time) or one or more of the absorbing compounds may be mixed together prior to being imbibed into the lens.

[0092] In embodiments where the absorbing compounds are incorporated into electronic devices, such as display screens, they may be incorporated as a film on top of the cover glass or into, or onto, any of the layers of the display screen such as, but not limited to, the diffuser layer, within the LCD module, or behind the cover glass. More specifically, the light-filtering layer can be incorporated into any of the various display layers illustrated in FIG. 8, such as a backlight unit (BLU) 802, a BLU component 804 such as a light-guide plate, reflector, diffuser, or brightness enhancement film, a polarizer filter layer 806, a TFT (thin film transistor) array layer 808, a liquid crystal panel 810, a color filter 812, or a second polarizer layer 814. Photolithography is one application process for incorporation of the light-filtering layer onto a layer of a display panel, but any other screen-printing methods may be used to apply the light-filtering layer. Further, methods such as film application / lamination, coating, or incorporation into a physical layer during production can be used to incorporate the light-filtering layer.

[0093] Persons of ordinary skill in arts relevant to this disclosure and subject matter hereof will recognize that embodiments may comprise fewer features than illustrated in any individual embodiment described by example or otherwise contemplated herein. Embodiments described herein are not meant to be an exhaustive presentation of ways in which various features may be combined and / or arranged. Accordingly, the embodiments are not mutually exclusive combinations of features; rather, embodiments can comprise a combination of different individual features selected from different individual embodiments, as understood by persons of ordinary skill in the relevant arts. Moreover, elements described with respect to one embodiment can be implemented in other embodiments even when not described in such embodiments unless otherwise noted. Although a dependent claim may refer in the claims to a specific combination with one or more other claims, other embodiments can also include a combination of thedependent claim with the subject matter of each other dependent claim or a combination of one or more features with other dependent or independent claims. Such combinations are proposed herein unless it is stated that a specific combination is not intended. Furthermore, it is intended also to include features of a claim in any other independent claim even if this claim is not directly made dependent to the independent claim.

[0094] Any incorporation by reference of documents above is limited such that no subject matter is incorporated that is contrary to the explicit disclosure herein. Any incorporation by reference of documents above is further limited such that no claims included in the documents are incorporated by reference herein. Any incorporation by reference of documents above is yet further limited such that any definitions provided in the documents are not incorporated by reference herein unless expressly included herein.

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS received by the International Bureau on 26 June 2025 (26.06.2025)

1. A light-filtering layer, the layer comprising: a polymer substrate; a first absorbing compound combined with the polymer substrate, the first absorbing compound absorbing light in a notch band having a full-width half maximum of no more than 40nm; a second absorbing compound combined with the polymer substrate, the second absorbing compound absorbing light in a notch band having a full-width half maximum of no more than 40nm; and a third absorbing compound combined with the polymer substrate, the third absorbing compound absorbing light in a notch band having a full-width half maximum of no more than 40nm; wherein the first absorbing compound, the second absorbing, and the third absorbing compound are provided in combination so that, for light produced by a display screen transmitted through the light-filtering layer, correlated color temperature is within about 1000 Kelvin of the correlated color temperature for light produced by the display screen that is not transmitted through the light-filtering layer, the first absorbing compound has peak absorption between 436nm and 522nm, the second absorbing compound has peak absorption between 548nm to 616nm, the third absorbing compound has peak absorption between 643nm to 730nm, and the light-filter layer provides a first minimum transmission value for the first absorbing compound at a first wavelength within a first wavelength range of 483nm to 510nm, a first maximum transmission value for the first absorbing compound at a second wavelength within a second wavelength range of 433nm to 453nm, anda second maximum transmission value for the first absorbing compound at a third wavelength within a third wavelength range of 516nm to 526nm.

2. The light-filtering layer of claim 1 , wherein, between 436nm and 522nm, the light-filtering layer provides an average transmission value of between 55% and 65%.

3. The light-filtering layer of claim 1 , wherein the first absorbing compound has peak absorption between 477nm and 505nm.

4. The light-filtering layer of claim 3, wherein, between 477nm and 505nm, the light-filtering layer provides an average transmission value of between 30% and 44%.

6. The light-filtering layer of claim 1 , wherein the light-filtering layer provides an average transmission value between the first maximum absorption value and the second maximum absorption value of no more than 65%.

7. The light-filtering layer of claim 6, wherein the first minimum transmission value is no more than 35%, the first maximum transmission value is at least 55%, and the second maximum transmission value is at least 55%.

9. The light-filtering layer of claim 1 , wherein, between 483nm and 503nm, the light-filtering layer provides an average transmission value of between 65% and 72%.

10. A light-filtering layer, the layer comprising: a polymer substrate; a first absorbing compound combined with the polymer substrate, the first absorbing compound absorbing light in a notch band having a full-width half maximum of no more than 40nm; a second absorbing compound combined with the polymer substrate, the second absorbing compound absorbing light in a notch band having a full-width half maximum of no more than 40nm; and a third absorbing compound combined with the polymer substrate, the third absorbing compound absorbing light in a notch band having a full-width half maximum of no more than 40nm; whereinthe first absorbing compound, the second absorbing, and the third absorbing compound are provided in combination so that, for light produced by a display screen transmitted through the light-filtering layer, correlated color temperature is within about 1000 Kelvin of the correlated color temperature for light produced by the display screen that is not transmitted through the light-filtering layer, the first absorbing compound has peak absorption between 436nm and 522nm, the second absorbing compound has peak absorption between 548nm to 616nm, the third absorbing compound has peak absorption between 643nm to 730nm, and the light-filtering layer provides a first minimum transmission value for the first absorbing compound at a first wavelength within a first wavelength range of 488nm to 510nm, a first maximum transmission value for the first absorbing compound at a second wavelength within a second wavelength range of 460nm to 470nm, and a second maximum transmission value for the first absorbing compound at a third wavelength within a third wavelength range of 514nm to 522nm.

11. The light-filtering layer of claim 10, wherein the light-filtering layer provides an average transmission value between the first maximum absorption value and the second maximum absorption value of no more than 80%.

12. The light-filtering layer of claim 11 , wherein the first minimum transmission value is no more than 68%, the first maximum transmission value is at least 70%, and the second maximum transmission value is at least 70%.

13. The light-filtering layer of claim 1 , wherein, between 548nm and 616nm, the light-filtering layer provides an average transmission value of between 42% and 57%.

14. The light-filtering layer of claim 10, wherein, between 548nm and 616nm, the light-filtering layer provides an average transmission value of between 58% and 65%.

16. The light-filtering layer of claim 1 , whereinthe second absorbing compound has peak absorption between 575nm and 600nm, and between 575nm and 600nm, the light-filtering layer provides an average transmission value of between 22% and 35%.

17. The light-filtering layer of claim 10, wherein the second absorbing compound has peak absorption between 575nm and 600nm, and between 575nm and 600nm, the light-filtering layer provides an average transmission value of between 42% and 49%.

18. The light-filtering layer of claim 1 , wherein the light-filtering layer provides a first minimum transmission value for the second absorbing compound at a first wavelength within a first wavelength range of 582nm to 592nm, a first maximum transmission value for the second absorbing compound at a second wavelength within a second wavelength range of 543nm to 570nm, and a second maximum transmission value for the second absorbing compound at a third wavelength within a third wavelength range of 610nm to 620nm.

19. The light-filtering layer of claim 18, wherein the light-filtering layer provides an average transmission value between the first maximum absorption value and the second maximum absorption value of no more than 60%.

20. The light-filtering layer of claim 19, wherein the first minimum transmission value is no more than 25%, the first maximum transmission value is at least 50%, and the second maximum transmission value is at least 50%.

22. The light-filtering layer of claim 10, wherein, between 643nm and 730nm, the light-filtering layer provides an average transmission value of between 70% and 79%.

23. The light-filtering layer of claim 1 , wherein, between 643nm and 730nm, the light-filtering layer provides an average transmission value of between 50% and 75%.

25. The light-filtering layer of claim 10, wherein the third absorbing compound has peak absorption between 672nm and 707nm, andbetween 672nm and 707nm, the light-filtering layer provides an average transmission value of between 58% and 70%.

26. The light-filtering layer of claim 1 , wherein the third absorbing compound has peak absorption between 672nm and 707nm, and between 672nm and 707nm, the light-filtering layer provides an average transmission value of between 45% and 65%.

27. The light-filtering layer of claim 1 , wherein the light-filtering layer provides a first minimum transmission value for the third absorbing compound at a first wavelength within a first wavelength range of 684nm to 692nm, a first maximum transmission value for the third absorbing compound at a second wavelength within a second wavelength range of 640nm to 655nm, and a second maximum transmission value for the third absorbing compound at a third wavelength within a third wavelength range of 725nm to 735nm.

28. The light-filtering layer of claim 27, wherein the light-filtering layer provides an average transmission value between the first maximum absorption value and the second maximum absorption value of no more than 80%.

29. The light-filtering layer of claim 28, wherein the first minimum transmission value is no more than 65%, the first maximum transmission value is at least 70%, and the second maximum transmission value is at least 80%.

30. The light-filtering layer of claim 28, wherein the first minimum transmission value is no more than 53%, the first maximum transmission value is at least 53%, and the second maximum transmission value is at least 55%.

31. A light-filtering layer, the layer comprising: a polymer substrate; a first absorbing compound combined with the polymer substrate, the first absorbing compound absorbing light in a notch band having a full-width half maximum of no more than 40nm; a second absorbing compound combined with the polymer substrate, the second absorbing compound absorbing light ina notch band having a full-width half maximum of no more than 40nm; a third absorbing compound combined with the polymer substrate, the third absorbing compound absorbing light in a notch band having a full-width half maximum of no more than 40nm; and a fourth absorbing compound combined with the polymer substrate, the fourth absorbing compound absorbing light in a notch band having a full-width half maximum of no more than 40nm, wherein the first absorbing compound, the second absorbing, the third absorbing compound, and the fourth absorbing compound are provided in combination so that, for light produced by a display screen transmitted through the light-filtering layer, correlated color temperature is within about 1000 Kelvin of the correlated color temperature for light produced by the display screen that is not transmitted through the light-filtering layer, and the first absorbing compound has peak absorption between 436nm and 522nm, the second absorbing compound has peak absorption between 548nm to 616nm, the third absorbing compound has peak absorption between 643nm to 730nm, and the fourth absorbing compound has peak absorption between 417nm and 465nm.

32. The light-filtering layer of claim 31 , wherein, between 417nm and 465nm, the light-filtering layer provides an average transmission value of between 50% and 60%.

33. The light-filtering layer of claim 31 , wherein the fourth absorbing compound has peak absorption between 427nm and 447nm.

34. The light-filtering layer of claim 33, wherein, between 427nm and 447nm, the light-filtering layer provides an average transmission value of between 35% and 43%.

35. The light-filtering layer of claim 31 , wherein the light-filtering layer providesa first minimum transmission value for the fourth absorbing compound at a first wavelength within a first wavelength range of 430nm to 440nm, a first maximum transmission value for the fourth absorbing compound at a second wavelength within a second wavelength range of 410nm to 420nm, and a second maximum transmission value for the fourth absorbing compound at a third wavelength within a third wavelength range of 460nm to 470nm.

36. The light-filtering layer of claim 35, wherein the light-filtering layer provides an average transmission value between the first maximum absorption value and the second maximum absorption value of no more than 60%.

37. The light-filtering layer of claim 36, wherein the first minimum transmission value is no more than 40%, the first maximum transmission value is at least 60%, and the second maximum transmission value is at least 75%.

Images