Pressure-thurst turbine and pressure differences

Abstract

The mechanism transforms vertical thrust force into rotation. The turbine utilizes the thrust force generated by pressure differences in the balloon-bladders of the propeller arms and the pressure of the external environment, combined with a system of counterweights, levers, a flywheel, and inertia. Balloon-bladders in the propeller arm, under optimal gas pressure, push upward, driving the propeller's rotation around the stator shaft. Connecting rods in the balloon-bladder mechanism rotate along the shaft ridges, alternately changing the gas pressure, volume, and density in the opposing balloon-bladders of the propeller arms. Simultaneously, the connecting rods of the counterweight system rotate along the opposite ridges of the shaft, using their weight and inertia to sustain rotation. At least two crossed propellers achieve continuous rotation, ensuring constant mechanical work.

Description

[0001] Pressure-thrust turbine and pressure differences

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] In general, the patent pertains to the field of applied mechanics, specifically the field of machines and machine assemblies. The invention relates to a turbine that utilizes the force of vertical thrust generated by the pressure of a water column in aquatic environments and an air column in external environments. This thrust is achieved through pressure differences within the balloon chambers of the turbine blades and the surrounding fluid medium. It belongs to the fields of mechanical dynamics, fluid dynamics, and the performance of mechanical systems, classified under IPC codes Fl 6 and F03.

[0004] The technical problem addressed by this mechanism is the utilization of free energy from the vertical thrust force created by these pressure differences and its conversion into rotational motion of the turbine blades. The mechanism operates without harming the environment or its biodiversity, while ensuring energy efficiency by harnessing free and constant energy from nature, aligning with its inherent philosophy, physics, and design intent.

[0005] BACKGROUND ART

[0006] According to the current state of technology, many turbines are known today that harness various forms of renewable energy, such as solar energy, wind, steam, water flow, as well as turbines utilizing tidal effects, ocean wave energy, and similar sources.

[0007] • www.youtube.com / watch?v=p90xDUADyrA

[0008] • www. youtube. com / watch?v=nwW 61Gn-Tk4

[0009] The state of the art does not recognize a mechanism that utilizes free energy derived from the thrust created by the pressure of a water column in water and an air column in the external environment. This thrust is further enhanced by pressure differences within the balloon chambers of the turbine blades and the surrounding medium, resulting in rotational motion. This turbine, in its unique design based on balloon-chamber systems and counterweights, successfully performs this operation.

[0010] The turbine has no known comparable systems; it represents a pioneering effort in this field, creating opportunities for further improvement through sophisticated technologies and engagement with the broader scientific community. As there are no directly comparable systems, it is technically referred to as "fractal," reflecting the constant repetition of similar shapes found in nature. The turbine performs mechanical work driven by these processes and actions.

[0011] The working name of the submerged fractal turbine is "Hydro," while the turbine designed for operation in external environments is called "Helio."

[0012] Energy efficiency and sustainability have become critical global challenges. Existing turbine technologies predominantly depend on specific environmental conditions and are often costly to install and maintain. Traditional turbines are typically limited by the need for high-speed winds, significant water flow, or large-scale infrastructure. This invention seeks to address these limitations by utilizing naturally occurring pressure differences, enabling broader applicability and reducing dependency on external factors.

[0013] DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

[0014] The essence of the turbine's operation lies in utilizing the free energy of water and air pressure columns and the vertical thrust force, converting it into rotational motion driven by alternating pressure differences within the turbine and between the turbine and its external environment.

[0015] The operation of the turbine is based on several segments. One of the key segments is the turbine stator, specifically the shaft with ridges, around which the connecting rods rotate within an eccentric mechanism. Their rotation creates the effect of alternating balloon-bubbles through the cycle of compression and decompression, as well as by shifting the ballast-float and counterweights from one arm of the propeller to the other. The connecting rods rotate around their own axis on the shaft with ridges, while simultaneously rotating around the stator shaft along with the propeller and cylinders, where the pistons move in a linear motion.

[0016] The turbine's operational system is based on a cause-and-effect relationship between the lever, flywheel, and inertia, which together form a symbiotic mechanism:

[0017] • Free energy from underwater and air pressure, i.e., thrust, which, through the combined action of the piston mechanism and at least two paired propellers in the turbine's mechanical assembly, enables rotation.

[0018] • Alternating compression and decompression, i.e., the balloon-bubble effect, which drives rotation by exploiting pressure differences, changes in gas volume and density within the bubbles, and variations in fluid pressure in the external environment.

[0019] • Ballast and counterweights, i.e., the gravitational force, which accelerates rotation during sinking, regulates balance, and ensures uniform operation of the propellers.

[0020] The hydro-fractal turbine utilizes the energy of underwater pressure through rotation, directing the gas-filled balloon-bubbles upward via thrust, which drives the propeller into mechanical work, i.e., rotation. The turbine consists of at least two propellers mechanically assembled at 90 radians relative to the axis of rotation, meaning they are crossed. This configuration enables the turbine to operate continuously without slowing down. The propellers are interconnected by a toothed ring, forming a single working unit of the turbine. The propeller blades are shaped like a spheroidal disk with balloonbubbles at the tips of the blades. The rotation is designed to minimize friction and resistance from the external environment.

[0021] The pressurized balloon-bubbles initiate and guide the rotation, while ballast-floats, during rotation, move within the propeller arms' zone, altering the volume and density of the gas inside the balloon. The balloon-bubble system alternates by increasing the pressure, i.e., changing the volume and density of the gas in the balloon on the propeller arm that is in buoyancy, while decreasing the pressure, i.e., changing the volume and density in the balloon on the opposite arm that is sinking.

[0022] The system of counterweights, through gravitational force, enhances the sinking motion, leading to inertia and the flywheel-lever effect, which brings the rotation into a balanced and even operation.

[0023] The turbine's operation does not require the initiation of an external factor; the propeller begins independent operation, which the subsequent propeller accelerates with its new force of buoyancy and descent, maintaining constant rotation, i.e., mechanical work.

[0024] The turbine's efficiency is further enhanced by the vortex-inertia effect created by its rotation. Efficiency depends on the design, i.e., the hydro-aerodynamic characteristics of the turbine, as well as the construction materials, which consist of composite materials, carbon and other strong yet lightweight fibers, aluminum, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, special steels, durable rubberized fabrics, and elastic hard rubber.

[0025] The helio-fractal turbine is an innovative device with performance comparable to hydro turbines, as the thrust force is generated by differences in pressure. This pressure difference is achieved through alternating changes in the volume and density of helium within the blade balloons, resulting in movement relative to the atmospheric pressure of the surrounding medium.

[0026] The efficiency of the fractal turbine is achieved by precisely adjusting the following parameters:

[0027] • Volume and design of the blade balloons,

[0028] • Dimensions of the blades, including their length and shape,

[0029] • Position of the ridges relative to the center of the stator axis,

[0030] • Length of the connecting rods, as well as the diameter and length of the pistons,

[0031] • System balance, including ballast floats and counterweights,

[0032] • Optimal constant pressure within the blade balloon.

[0033] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] Drawing Number 1 / 1

[0035] Figure 1

[0036] Figure 1 shows a section of a turbine propeller. The operation of piston I (1) from the initial position of optimal pressure fills the balloon-bladder (10), which guides the propeller blade (3) by upward thrust. At the same time, the opposite piston II (2) empties the balloon-bladder (11) in the propeller blade (4), leading it down. The ballastfloat (5) changes the volume of the propeller by moving, while the counterweights (6) rotate with the force of gravity — i.e., by push-down — providing support for plunging through the operation of the connecting rods in the counterweight system (9) in the eccentric (14) ridges of the stator shaft.

[0037] The optimal pressure of the gas is the pressure within the propeller blades that generates the greatest thrust while enabling the turbine to rotate and alternately change the pressure in the balloon-bladders of the blades. One-way non-retum valves and the ballast-float equalize pressure as needed, minimizing decompression and reducing the volume to prevent rotational strain.

[0038] The balloon-bubble effect and the efficiency of the counterweights (6) depend on the stroke length of the pistons in the cylinders (19) and (20) and the length of the connecting rods (7) and (9). The efficiency of the turbine depends on the positioning of the stator shaft ridge and the torque achieved from the length of the propeller blades and the dimensions of the turbine.

[0039] The drawing shows cross-sections detailing the mechanism of the balloon-bubble, ballast-float, and counterweights. Arrows indicate the directions of compression (K) and decompression (D) in propeller blades (3) and (4) and propeller cylinders (19) as well as balloons-bubble (10) and (11), whose membranes flex alternately during rotation, changing the volume and density of the propeller gas. Also illustrated are the ridges of the shaft rotating the connecting rods in the balloon-bubble system (13) and the ridges of the shaft rotating the connecting rods in the counterweight system (14).

[0040] Compensatory non-return valves (12) for pressure regulation and equalization in the bladder chambers are also shown. The achieved mechanical work is transmitted to the invert generator via the pulley (18).

[0041] The drawing also depicts the valves of the blade chamber (21), which are used to fill the optimal amount of gas into the balloon-bubble system, maintaining constancy during turbine operation.

[0042] The arrangement of the crossed propellers of the turbine assembly is shown along the axis of rotation at 90 degrees within the propeller casings (17). The toothed crown (15) connecting the propellers to turbine operation and the rigid coupling of the stator shaft (16) are illustrated. The propellers rotate in a clockwise direction, with the ridge of the balloon-bubble system shaft (13) on the left side of the shaft and the ridges of the counterweight shaft (14) on the right side of the turbine shaft (8).

[0043] Figure 2

[0044] Figure 2 illustrates the distribution of pressures, volumes, and gas density in the blade balloons-bubble during the rotation of two crossed propellers in the turbine assembly:

[0045] • 2.1: Full pressure

[0046] • 2.2: Decreasing pressure

[0047] • 2.3: Smallest pressure

[0048] • 2.4: Growing pressure

[0049] It also shows the movement of the ballast- float (5) during rotation:

[0050] • 2.5: Ballast-float in the middle position

[0051] • 2.6: Ballast-float in the final position

[0052] The ballast float, by moving during rotation, changes the volume and density values of the gas inside the propeller chamber, reducing decompression.

[0053] The drawings are not constructively or mechanically detailed but are modular- — illustrating the basis of the turbine’s functioning to establish optimal proportions, parameters, and materials for creating a prototype.

[0054] Reference Numbers for Drawing Sequence Names:

[0055] Figure 1

[0056] 1. Piston I

[0057] 2. Piston II 3. Propeller blade I

[0058] 4. Propeller blade II

[0059] 5. Ballast-float

[0060] 6. Counterweights

[0061] 7. Connecting rods (balloon-bubble system)

[0062] 8. Shaft stator turbine

[0063] 9. Connecting rods (counterweights)

[0064] 10. Balloon-bubble I

[0065] 11. Balloon-bubble II

[0066] 12. Non-retum valves

[0067] 13. Ridges of the shaft (balloon-bubble system)

[0068] 14. Ridges of the shaft (counterweights)

[0069] 15. Toothed crown

[0070] 16. Rigid coupling

[0071] 17. Working chamber of the connecting rod (stator shaft-propeller casings)

[0072] 18. Transmission pulley

[0073] 19. Cylinders (balloon-bubble system)

[0074] 20. Counterweights cylinders

[0075] 21. Valves (balloon-bubble system)

[0076] Figure 2

[0077] • 2.1: Full pressure

[0078] • 2.2: Decreasing pressure

[0079] • 2.3: Smallest pressure

[0080] • 2.4: Growing pressure

[0081] • 2.5: Middle position

[0082] • 2.6: Final position

[0083] BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0084] The turbine operates on the principle of alternating pressure and volume adjustments within the balloon-bladders, synchronized with the rotational motion of the propeller blades. The unique configuration of the counterweights and connecting rods ensures stability and efficiency in energy transfer. By employing modular components and optimal material selection, the turbine achieves high performance with minimal mechanical resistance. Key Features

[0085] 1. Optimal Gas Pressure: Maintained within the blades for maximum thrust while minimizing decompression during rotation.

[0086] 2. Counterweight System: Enhances stability and rotational efficiency by leveraging gravitational force and reducing mechanical strain.

[0087] 3. Balloon-Bubble Mechanism: Alternates gas compression and decompression, ensuring consistent turbine operation and efficient energy transfer.

[0088] 4. Crossed Propeller Design: Positioned at 90-degree angles, the propellers work synergistically to balance forces and maximize output.

[0089] 5. Non-Return Valves: Regulate pressure to prevent mechanical stress and ensure consistent turbine performance.

[0090] 6. Adjustable Components: Modular design allows for customization of piston stroke length, connecting rod dimensions, and blade proportions for optimal performance.

[0091] By adhering to these principles, the invention demonstrates a significant improvement in turbine efficiency, reliability, and adaptability for diverse applications.

[0092] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0093] The fractal turbine transforms vertical thrust force into rotational motion. The turbine utilizes thrust force generated by differences in gas pressures within the balloon-bubbles of the propeller arms and the fluid pressure of the external environment, through the symbiosis of the bubble system and counterweights-lever, flywheel, and vortex-inertia.

[0094] The fractal hydro-turbine is composed of at least two crossed propellers connected by gears into a single unit — a mechanical assembly. Each propeller consists of two arms- blades, whose design facilitates rotation and encourages one another to rise and submerge alternately. The propellers are driven and guided by a balloon-bubble mechanism, activated by the thrust-pressure force of the water column and the alternating changes in the constant optimal gas pressure within the arms of the propeller. Within the balloon-bubble of one propeller arm, compression occurs under the influence of a piston driven by a connecting rod, which is set into motion by the thrust of the balloon under underwater pressure. This initiates an upward thrust. Simultaneously, the opposite piston triggers decompression in the other propeller arm, emptying the balloon as it moves downward in its tendency to submerge. Through rotation, the ballast-float alternately reduces the volume of the balloon-bubble, partially neutralizing the decompression that is undesirable during rotation. By the same rotation, the counterweights, driven by their weight and the force of gravity, press the propeller blade downward, guiding the propeller into a new rotational position. Thus, one propeller arm rises while the opposite arm submerges, switching positions. In doing so, the propeller arms complete a half-rotation, or the first stroke. The second stroke mirrors the first, with the propeller arms swapping places to return to their previous positions, completing a full rotation — i.e., mechanical work.

[0095] The rotation is enhanced by the alternating operation of the rubber balloon-bubble. When the membrane on the ascent side bends, it increases the gas pressure, while on the descent side, this pressure decreases. This results in an alternating change in the volume and density values within the balloon-bubble chamber of the propellers. Additionally, the movement of the ballast-float during rotation increases the volume of the balloonbubble on the ascent side and decreases it on the descent side.

[0096] Thanks to the rotation within the eccentric-ridge of the stator shaft-axis, which rotates the connecting rods, the balloon-bubble, ballast-float, and counterweights of the propeller achieve the effects of a lever, flywheel, and vortex inertia.

[0097] When the first propeller is in a vertical position, the second propeller is in a horizontal position because, within the mechanical assembly, it is positioned at 90 degrees relative to the first propeller — i.e., they are crossed. By repeating strokes similar to the first propeller, the second propeller contributes to the rotational work of the first and establishes the continuous operation of the turbine.

[0098] The mechanism relies on the rotation of pistons and connecting rods in an eccentric motion around the ridge of the shaft within the rotation of the propellers. The eccentric component, i.e., the shaft with ridges, serves as the stator around which the connecting rods rotate, driving the pistons.

[0099] Within the propeller housing, there are connecting rods with sliding bearings that connect the ridges of the stator shaft on one side to the pistons in the cylinders on the other. The housing contains a space -that facilitates the-smooth. rotation of the connecting, rods around the ridges of the stator shaft and ensures the proper functioning of the pistons within the cylinders. The working chamber of the housing is filled with an optimal amount of lubricant, which lubricates the moving components of the machine assembly during rotation. This simultaneous and alternating process is enabled by changes in the volume and density of the gas during rotation. To achieve an ideal exchange of gas volume and density during rotation, compensation valves are located in the propeller chambers. These valves regulate and equalize the pressures in the chambers during operation.

[0100] The balloon-bubbles, i.e., the membranes in the outer casing, are made of durable elastic rubber to ensure the balloon performs optimally during operation. A toothed ring-link connects the propellers into a single operational unit. In the case of the hydro turbine, the water level in the reservoir is higher than the emergence point of the propeller blades.

[0101] The turbine's functionality relies on maintaining a constant optimal gas pressure in the balloon-bubbles, as this directly impacts performance. The bubble effect creates a difference in the gas volume and density in the arms of the propellers. The counterweight contributes to the continuity of rotation and maintains balance, ensuring the synchronized operation of the propeller.

[0102] The counterweight is connected to two ridges of the stator shaft by connecting rods. The ridges of the counterweight and the balloon-bubble system on the stator shaft are positioned opposite to the center of rotation.

[0103] During rotation, the counterweight neither compresses nor decompresses because it is guided by hollow, permeable links, preventing it from burdening the rotation or diminishing its effectiveness. The membranes of the balloon-bubbles are curved and positioned upward on the propeller blades when the propeller is in a horizontal position. The fractal hydro-turbine also has a counterpart designed for operation in external environments: the fractal helio turbine. With minor modifications and adjustments, the mechanism functions effectively outside of aquatic settings. Instead of utilizing the thrust-pressure force of the water column, the helio turbine employs the thrust force of helium balloon-bubbles under pressure, leveraging the alternating differences in helium pressure within the balloon-bubbles of the propellers and the atmospheric pressure of the external environment.

[0104] A significant difference lies in the construction of the balloon-bubble membranes, which are made from lightweight rubberized balloon fabric to enhance the turbine’s efficiency. This turbine is easier to construct and install as it does not require reservoirs. Helium can be replaced with other gases to improve the turbine's performance.

[0105] When constructing power plants, fractal hydro turbines can be arranged in series systems or within circular reservoirs that facilitate water flow. Semi-dams can be implemented to guide the water flow beneath the propellers, increasing the flow velocity to accelerate the propeller rotation. Similarly, in helio turbines, these same semi-dams can be positioned to ensure that prevailing winds at the installation site are directed to enhance, rather than hinder, the rotation of the propellers.

[0106] The helio turbine can also be housed in chambers where air pressure is controlled to optimize the turbine's rotation and overall performance.

[0107] The operation of the turbine is not easily described due to the simultaneous and overlapping phenomena and actions, which complicates textual explanations. The turbine represents a complex assembly of components, with its efficiency depending on the harmonization of various parameters to achieve optimal performance.

[0108] The turbine's efficiency is influenced by several factors, including its design — minimizing friction and resistance, as well as its construction using lightweight yet robust materials. Additionally, its performance relies on other features that are continuously improved and refined through experimental testing on the prototype.

[0109] INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0110] The fractal turbine is a patent whose advantages position it as a significant innovation in the field of renewable energy sources, characterized by the constancy of its energy output. It is applicable in almost all conditions and locations, portable in specialized containers, and easy to install for smaller consumer systems. For larger applications, it can be implemented in large circular reservoirs situated adjacent to industrial facilities, reducing transmission costs and minimizing network losses.

[0111] Certain subsystems leveraging thrust force and pressure exist in submarines and their ballast systems, as well as in airships, zeppelins, and meteorological balloons. However, the mechanism of the fractal turbine uniquely converts this free energy — derived from thrust, pressure forces, and pressure differentials — into rotational motion, effectively performing mechanical work. Thus, the application of the fractal energy turbine is exceptionally relevant to contemporary demands for clean energy.

[0112] One potential application is the installation of helio turbines in chambers with controlled oxygen environments on space stations, serving as an additional source of energy. The most important feature of this mechanism is its independence from external influences, such as climate and location, while providing a continuous and constant energy supply. Moreover, the fractal turbine mechanism embodies the principle of harnessing free energy from nature, in accordance with the laws of physics, without disrupting the natural balance, ecosystems, or the environment.

[0113] The pressure-thrust turbine’s advantages position it as a significant innovation in renewable energy. It is versatile, portable, and easy to install, making it suitable for various applications. In smaller systems, it can be implemented in compact configurations, while larger setups utilize circular reservoirs adjacent to industrial facilities, minimizing energy transmission losses.

[0114] Potential applications include:

[0115] • Renewable energy generation in remote locations. • Auxiliary power sources for submarines, airships, and space stations.

[0116] • Deployment in controlled environments to harness constant energy.

Claims

Claims1. A characteristic of the process by which free energy from underwater pressure is transformed into rotation. The thrust force, generated by the pressure differential between the external water environment and the alternating gas pressure differences in the blades of the turbine arms, enables the fractal hydro turbine mechanism to achieve continuous mechanical operation through rotation.

2. A characteristic of the fractal hydro turbine mechanism by which free energy from underwater pressure is transformed into rotation. The thrust force, generated by the pressure differential between the external water environment and the alternating gas pressure differences in the blades of the turbine arms, enables the turbine to achieve continuous mechanical operation through rotation.

3. A characteristic of the process by which thrust force is transformed into rotation. The thrust, generated by the pressure differential between the external air environment and the alternating helium pressure differences in the blades of the turbine arms, enables the fractal helio turbine mechanism to achieve continuous mechanical operation through rotation. Helium can be replaced by another gas for improved turbine performance, and the air in the external environment can also be substituted with another external gas if the turbine is located in controlled chambers.

4. A characteristic of the fractal helio turbine mechanism by which thrust force is transformed into rotation. The thrust, generated by the pressure differential between the external air environment and the alternating helium pressure differences in the blades of the turbine arms, enables the turbine to achieve continuous mechanical operation through rotation. Helium can be replaced by another gas for improved turbine performance, and the air in the external environment can also be substituted with another external gas if the turbine is located in controlled chambers

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