Battery module

Abstract

The battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a module case including an upper frame having venting holes; a plurality of battery cells accommodated in the module case; a protective cover having opening / closing members provided at the positions corresponding to the venting holes; and a middle cover positioned between the upper frame and the protective cover, and having venting parts provided between the opening / closing members and the venting holes.

Description

battery module

[0001] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0032232, filed March 6, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present invention relates to a battery module, and more particularly, to a battery module whose safety is further enhanced through structural improvements for the discharge of venting gas, etc.

[0003] As the demand for portable electronic devices such as laptops, video cameras, and mobile phones that use electricity as a power source increases rapidly, and as mobile robots, drones, electric bicycles, electric carts, and electric vehicles become more common and commercialized, research into high-performance secondary batteries capable of repeated charging and discharging is actively being conducted.

[0004] Commercialized secondary batteries include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, and lithium secondary batteries. Among these, lithium secondary batteries have the advantage of being able to charge and discharge freely and have a very low self-discharge rate because they have almost no memory effect compared to nickel-based secondary batteries. In addition, they have the characteristics of high energy density and high operating voltage, so they are being studied more intensively than other types of secondary batteries and are being applied more widely in actual products.

[0005] Recently, secondary batteries are widely used not only in small devices such as portable electronic devices, but also in medium and large devices such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems (ESS).

[0006] In this case, battery modules, in which multiple electrically connected secondary batteries are housed together within a module case, are primarily used. Furthermore, when high power or large capacity is required, battery packs, in which multiple such battery modules are electrically connected, are sometimes used. Recently, cell-to-pack (CTP) battery packs, in which multiple battery cells are housed directly within a pack housing, rather than modularized, are also being manufactured.

[0007] Secondary batteries with these advantages are being used in various forms, but due to the characteristics of secondary batteries, thermal runaway phenomena such as swelling, application of rush current, and overheating due to Joule heating may occur.

[0008] In addition, if an event such as a short circuit or excessive temperature rise between secondary batteries occurs, or if an oxidation and reduction decomposition reaction of the electrolyte occurs, venting gas may be generated, and if the situation worsens, not only flames but also high-temperature particles including pieces of electrode plates, pieces of active material, or aluminum particles may leak out in the form of sparks, so it can be said that securing the safety of battery modules or battery packs comprising a plurality of these is even more important.

[0009] Battery modules or battery packs are particularly vulnerable to thermal events due to their densely packed configurations of multiple secondary batteries (battery cells) or cell assemblies. In particular, if thermal runaway occurs within a battery module, high-temperature gas, flames, and heat can be generated. If these events are not quickly controlled, thermal propagation can trigger a chain reaction of thermal reactions in adjacent battery cells or battery modules.

[0010] In the case of medium and large-sized battery packs applied to vehicles such as electric vehicles that users ride, a large number of battery cells and battery modules are installed more densely to increase output and capacity, which can cause large-scale fires and even human casualties. Therefore, it can be said that there is a great need to more strongly suppress and control thermal events that may occur in battery modules from the initial stage.

[0011] Conventional battery modules also incorporate basic structures and devices, such as venting holes, to expel venting gases, flames, and other hazards. However, as previously discussed, thermal events occurring within battery cells or battery modules can pose potentially fatal safety risks. Therefore, structural improvements are needed to more accurately and quickly expel venting gases and other hazards, as well as more effectively prevent the chain reaction of thermal events to adjacent battery cells.

[0012] The present invention was created to solve the above-described problems against the background described above, and aims to provide a battery module that further enhances safety by effectively suppressing the chain propagation of thermal events occurring in battery cells and the like through simple structural improvements while simultaneously inducing rapid discharge to the outside.

[0013] The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the problems described above, and other problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the invention described below.

[0014] According to one aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object, a battery module may include a module case including an upper frame having a venting hole; a plurality of battery cells accommodated in the module case; a protective cover having an opening / closing member provided at a position corresponding to the venting hole; and a middle cover having a venting member provided between the opening / closing member and the venting hole and positioned between the upper frame and the protective cover.

[0015] Additionally, the opening / closing member of the present invention may be configured to open when a thermal event occurs in the battery cell.

[0016] In addition, the venting portion of the present invention may have a mesh structure that physically supports the lower portion of the opening / closing member and allows gas discharged through the venting hole to pass through.

[0017] Additionally, the venting portion may have a skeletal frame so that a plurality of mesh holes are formed.

[0018] In addition, the above skeletal frame may be configured in a form in which a concave groove is formed in a downward direction from the upper surface.

[0019] Additionally, the concave groove may be formed in a long shape extending along the central portion of the skeletal frame.

[0020] Additionally, the skeletal frame may include an inclined structure for directional venting.

[0021] In addition, the skeletal frame may be formed such that the inclined structure is asymmetrical.

[0022] Additionally, the skeletal frame may have a V-shaped cross-section.

[0023] Additionally, the skeletal frame may have a through hole formed therein.

[0024] A battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention for achieving the above-described purpose includes a battery module according to the present invention.

[0025] According to another aspect of the present invention for achieving the above-described purpose, a vehicle includes a battery module according to the present invention.

[0026] According to one aspect of the present invention, not only can venting gas or flames generated from a battery module or a battery cell be effectively discharged, but also the opening / closing member can be prevented from being opened by venting gas or the like that returns or moves in a reverse direction.

[0027] Therefore, according to this aspect of the present invention, it is possible to effectively block thermal events from propagating or spreading to adjacent battery cells, etc., thereby further improving the safety and reliability of the battery module.

[0028] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the mesh structure through which venting gas and the like pass can be divided into contact and non-contact areas with respect to the opening / closing member of the protective cover. Accordingly, not only can the physical support of the opening / closing member be effectively implemented, but the opening operation of the opening / closing member can also be performed efficiently.

[0029] In addition, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the venting gas and the like can be induced to be discharged in a specific direction through the geometrical characteristics of the mesh structure, thereby further increasing the discharge efficiency of the venting gas, flames, and the like.

[0030] In addition, the present invention may have various other effects, which will be described in each embodiment configuration, or the description of effects that can be easily inferred by those skilled in the art will be omitted.

[0031] The following drawings attached to this specification illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention, and together with the detailed description of the invention described below, serve to more effectively understand the technical idea of ​​the present invention, and therefore, the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to the matters described in these drawings.

[0032] FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the overall appearance of a battery module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figures 2 and 3 are drawings showing the internal configuration of the battery module illustrated in Figure 1 in isolation.

[0034] Figures 4 to 6 are perspective views illustrating a battery module according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 7 is a perspective view of the configuration of the upper frame, middle cover, and protective cover according to one embodiment of the present invention, viewed from the lower side.

[0036] Figure 8 is a drawing illustrating a middle cover according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 are drawings schematically showing the opening configuration of the opening / closing member in the middle cover according to different embodiments of the present invention.

[0038] Fig. 11 is an enlarged view of a portion of a venting portion in a middle cover according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 12 is an enlarged view of portion A2 of Figure 11.

[0040] Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A3-A3' of Figure 12.

[0041] Fig. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an enlarged portion of a portion in which one venting portion is provided in a battery module according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view enlarged to illustrate a portion in which one venting section is provided in a battery module according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view enlarged to illustrate a portion in which one venting section is provided in a battery module according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] FIG. 17 is a drawing schematically showing a cross-sectional configuration of some skeletal frames included in a venting section according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Prior to this, it should be noted that the terms and words used in this specification and claims should not be construed as limited to their conventional or dictionary meanings. Based on the principle that the inventor can appropriately define the concept of a term to best explain his or her invention, they should be interpreted in a way that conforms to the technical spirit of the present invention.

[0046] Therefore, the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations illustrated in the drawings are only the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent all of the technical ideas of the present invention. Therefore, it should be understood that there may be various equivalents and modified examples that can replace them at the time of filing this application.

[0047] In addition, when describing the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known configuration or function may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description is omitted.

[0048] In addition, this specification includes several embodiments, and detailed descriptions are omitted for parts where the description of other embodiments can be applied identically or similarly.

[0049] Throughout the specification, whenever a part is said to "include" a component, this does not mean that it excludes other components, but rather that it may include other components, unless otherwise stated.

[0050] Additionally, throughout the specification, when a part is said to be "coupled" or "connected" to another part, this may include not only cases where it is "directly coupled / connected," but also cases where it is "indirectly coupled / connected" with another element in between.

[0051]

[0052] FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the overall appearance of a battery module (1000) according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are drawings showing the internal configuration of the battery module (1000) shown in FIG. 1 in isolation. In addition, FIGS. 4 to 6 are perspective views showing a battery module according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] A battery module (1000) according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a module case (100), a middle cover (200), a protective cover (300), and a battery cell (400).

[0054] The above battery cells (400) may be included in multiple numbers, and as illustrated in FIG. 6, may be arranged in a vertical direction (Z-axis direction) and in a front-back direction (X-axis direction) or left-right direction (Y-axis direction).

[0055] The present invention is not limited by the specific type or shape of the battery cell (400), and various battery cells (400) known at the time of filing of the present invention may be employed to construct the battery module (1000) of the present invention. In this embodiment, as illustrated in the drawing, a pouch-type secondary battery with high energy density and easy stacking is described, but it is of course possible for a cylindrical or square secondary battery to be applied as the battery cell (400).

[0056] A plurality of battery cells (400) may include an electrode assembly, a cell case that accommodates the electrode assembly, and an electrode lead (410) that is connected to the electrode assembly and extends outward from the cell case to function as an electrode terminal. If the battery cell (400) is a pouch-type secondary battery, the cell case may be configured in a pouch shape in which a metal layer made of aluminum is interposed between polymer layers.

[0057] It goes without saying that multiple battery cells (400) can be electrically connected to each other through one or more combinations of series or parallel. The busbar assembly (130) illustrated in the drawing is an exemplary configuration for this purpose, and the busbar assembly (130) is configured to be electrically connected to the electrode leads (410) of multiple battery cells (400).

[0058] As illustrated in Fig. 6, a compression pad (160) may be placed inside the module case (100). The compression pad (160) may be placed between at least some of the battery cells (400) and / or on the periphery of the cell stack. For example, the compression pad (160) may be configured to be placed between every four battery cells (400) stacked in the left-right direction (based on the Y-axis direction).

[0059] The compression pad (160) may be made of or configured to include an elastic material such as polyurethane to enable swelling absorption of the battery cell (400), and may be made of or configured to include an insulating material or a fire-retardant material such as silicone or mica to block heat or flames.

[0060] The module case (100) accommodates a plurality of battery cells (400) and their related components. The module case (100) may have an overall rectangular shape and, as illustrated in the drawing, may include an upper frame (110), a side frame (120), an end frame (140), and a lower frame (150).

[0061] Each frame constituting the module case (100) can be joined or assembled to each other by means of bolt fastening, laser welding, ultrasonic welding, etc., and depending on the embodiment, adjacent frames can be implemented as an integral body.

[0062] At least one of the upper frame (110), lower frame (150), and side frame (120) constituting the module case (100) may have an inner surface made of clad metal or may have a flame-retardant material such as GFRP attached to the inner surface.

[0063] At least one of the frames (110, 120, 140, 150) constituting the module case (100) may be made of a metal material such as SUS (stainless steel) with high strength or a material with high heat resistance, temperature resistance, and impact resistance in order to effectively implement physical protection of internal components, and may be made of different materials for each part depending on the embodiment.

[0064] It goes without saying that the module case (100) of the present invention can be implemented in various structures and shapes, including the examples illustrated in the drawings, depending on the characteristics or specifications of the battery cell (400), the shape, structure, size, or number of configurations accommodated of the battery cell (400).

[0065] As shown in the drawing, the upper frame (110) constituting the module case (100) is provided with a venting hole (H) to discharge flames, venting gas, particles, debris, sparks, etc. (hereinafter referred to as “gas, etc.”) generated from the battery cells (400) housed inside the module case (100) to the outside.

[0066] It goes without saying that the number, shape, and form of the venting holes (H) can be configured in various ways depending on the specifications, capacity, size, and use of the battery cell (400) or battery module (1000).

[0067] The protective cover (300) of the present invention is configured to cover the upper portion of the middle cover (200) described below, and includes an opening / closing member (311) provided at a position corresponding to a venting hole (H) provided in the module case (100) (specifically, the upper frame (110) of the module case (100)).

[0068] The above opening / closing member (311) is configured to be normally kept closed to prevent external foreign substances such as moisture or dust from entering the inside of the battery module (1000), and to be opened by pressure such as gas when a thermal event occurs in the battery module (1000).

[0069] The above-mentioned opening / closing member (311) may be implemented in a form in which some or all of the edges of the opening / closing member (311) have a shape corresponding to the opening / closing member (311) and are coupled or connected to an opening formed in the protective cover (300). In addition, the opening / closing member (311) may be configured so that an opening operation is possible by separating or breaking the coupled or connected portion when a force (pressure) such as gas is applied.

[0070] The above-mentioned opening / closing member (311) may be implemented in a form that allows for opening and closing operations, like a type of door. The above-mentioned opening / closing member (311) may also be implemented in a form that separates, breaks, or tears, such as a cutting line or shredding line formed on the body of the protective cover (300) when a pressure exceeding a critical value is applied, depending on the embodiment.

[0071] Through this configuration, when part or all of the opening / closing member (311) is opened due to the pressure of gas, etc. generated in the battery module (1000), the venting hole (H) of the module case (100) is exposed to the outside, and through this, gas, etc. generated inside the battery module (1000) is discharged to the outside through the opening exposed by the opening of the venting hole (H) and the opening / closing member (311).

[0072] The protective cover (300) may be formed in a plate shape extending in the horizontal direction (XY plane) as illustrated in FIG. 2. In addition, the protective cover (300) may include a second top cover (310) covering the upper direction of the module case (100) and a second side cover (320) extending downward from the second top cover (310) as illustrated in FIG. 5 to improve structural engineering rigidity, physical support force, or bonding force, depending on the embodiment. In this case, the protective cover (300) may be configured in a shape that surrounds at least two side surfaces of the module case (100), such as the upper surface and the left and right side surfaces.

[0073] The middle cover (200) of the present invention is positioned between the upper frame (110) of the module case (100) and the protective cover (300), and may include a venting portion (V). The venting portion (V) is positioned between the opening / closing member (311) and the venting hole (H), and may be positioned at a portion corresponding to the opening / closing member (311) and the venting hole (H).

[0074] Specifically, the venting portion (V) provided in the middle cover (200) may be configured to face the opening / closing member (311) provided in the protective cover (300) in the upper direction (based on the Z-axis) and to face the module case (100), specifically, the venting hole (H) provided in the upper frame (110) of the module case (100) in the lower direction (based on the Z-axis).

[0075] The module case (100) may include a plurality of venting holes (H). For example, a plurality of venting holes (H) may be provided in the upper frame (110) of the module case (100). In addition, a plurality of opening / closing members (311) may be provided in the protective cover (300) in response to the plurality of venting holes (H). In addition, a plurality of venting portions (V) may be provided in response to the plurality of venting holes (H) and the opening / closing members (311). In particular, the venting holes (H), the venting portions (V), and the opening / closing members (311) may be provided in a one-to-one correspondence with each other.

[0076] The venting portion (V) provided in the middle cover (200) may be configured in a mesh shape having a porous structure, as illustrated in the drawing. In particular, a plurality of venting portions (V) may be included to correspond to a plurality of venting holes (H) and a plurality of opening / closing members (311), and in this case, each of the plurality of venting portions (V) may be configured in a mesh shape. Here, the mesh shape may refer to a structure in which a plurality of holes are formed in a single venting portion (V) provided corresponding to a single venting hole (H). In this way, when the venting portion (V) is configured in a mesh shape, the porous structure can not only smoothly discharge gases and the like to the outside, but also physically support the lower portion of the opening / closing member (311). Therefore, the opening / closing member (311) can be effectively prevented from being opened by an unintended external force, particularly a pressure applied from the upper side to the lower side.

[0077] In addition, when the venting section (V) is formed of a mesh structure, it can perform a screening function for particles (ejected matter) such as sparks through physical contact with the porous structure. In addition, in this case, it can be more advantageous in lowering the temperature of flames or gases, or reducing the emission speed thereof.

[0078] The specific configuration and function of the middle cover (200) and the venting part (V) provided in the middle cover (200) will be described in detail later.

[0079] The above middle cover (200) may be formed in a plate shape as illustrated in FIG. 2. In addition, the middle cover (200) may include a first top cover (210) and a first side cover (220) extending downward from the left and / or right edge line of the first top cover (210) in order to increase the bonding force or support force with the module case (100) as illustrated in FIG. 5, depending on the embodiment.

[0080] The above middle cover (200) may be made of a non-combustible material such as fiber-reinforced plastic, glass fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP, GFRP), and / or an insulating material such as silicone.

[0081] As illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, the middle cover (200) can be attached, fixed, coupled or fastened to the upper frame (110) of the module case (100), and the protective cover (300) can be attached, fixed, coupled or fastened to the middle cover (200). In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 3, an adhesive sheet (30) can be interposed between the middle cover (200) and the protective cover (300), or an adhesive or the like can be applied.

[0082] It is self-evident that the axes depicted in the drawings, terms referring to the axes, and terms indicating directions such as up, down, front, back, left, right, vertical, horizontal, etc., described based on the axes are only intended to present relative standards for describing embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to specify any direction or position on an absolute basis, and may of course be relatively different depending on the position of the target object, the position of the observer, the view direction, etc.

[0083] For example, in this specification, the part in which the venting hole (H) is formed in the module case (100) is referred to as the upper frame (110), and the configuration in which the middle cover (200) and the protective cover (300) are mounted on the upper part of the upper frame (110) is described mainly. However, it can be said that the venting hole (H) is provided in the side frame (120) on the left or right side through rotation or position change of the battery module (1000), and in this case, it goes without saying that the side frame (120) can be the upper frame (110) described in this specification.

[0084] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described by defining the Z-axis as a reference for the up-down or vertical direction as previously described, and from a corresponding viewpoint, embodiments of the present invention will be described by defining the X-axis as a reference for the front or rear, and the Y-axis as a reference for the left or right.

[0085] Hereinafter, with reference to the attached drawings, etc., the specific contents and functions of the middle cover (200) and the venting part (V) provided in the middle cover (200) according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.

[0086]

[0087] Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the upper frame (110), middle cover (200), and protective cover (300) according to one embodiment of the present invention, viewed from the lower side. Furthermore, Fig. 8 is a schematic drawing of the middle cover (200) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0088] As shown in the drawing, the middle cover (200) of the present invention may be configured to include a body portion (212) that can form a plate shape overall and one or more venting portions (V) formed in the body portion (212).

[0089] As described above, the middle cover (200) of the present invention can be placed between the module case (100), specifically, the upper frame (110) of the module case (100) and the protective cover (300). In addition, the venting portion (V) of the middle cover (200) can be placed so as to have a mutual positional alignment relationship with the venting hole (H) of the upper frame (110) and the opening / closing member (311) of the protective cover (300).

[0090] According to this positional alignment relationship, the venting portion (V) provided in the middle cover (200) can be configured to face the opening / closing member (311) of the protective cover (300) upward and face the venting hole (H) of the upper frame (110) downward.

[0091] As described above, each of the venting portions (V) of the present invention may be formed in a mesh shape having a porous structure. That is, a plurality of micro-holes (mesh holes) constituting the mesh may be formed in one venting portion (V) corresponding to one venting hole (H). Here, the micro-holes may be referred to as having a relatively small size compared to the venting hole (H). In addition, gas, etc. generated from the battery cell (400) side downward (-Z-axis direction) can pass through the venting hole (H) of the upper frame (110) and the venting portion (V) of the middle cover (200), and the gas, etc. passed through can pressurize the lower portion of the opening / closing member (311) upward. In addition, by the pressurization of the gas, etc., the opening / closing member (311) can be opened upward. The opening configuration of the opening / closing member (311) will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10.

[0092] FIGS. 9 and 10 are schematic diagrams illustrating the open configuration of the opening / closing member (311) in the middle cover (300) according to different embodiments of the present invention. In a normal state, the opening / closing member (311) can be maintained in a closed state in the protective cover (300) so that the venting hole (H) and the venting portion (V) are not exposed to the outside, for example, the upper side. In particular, the protective cover (300) can be configured so that the closed state of the opening / closing member (311) is stably maintained. At this time, the opening / closing member (311) can be maintained in a closed state by a certain level or more of bonding force or physical support force with the main body of the protective cover (300). However, if gas or the like is generated due to thermal runaway or the like on the battery cell (400) side and the pressure exceeds the critical value due to the bonding force or physical support force of the opening / closing member (311), the opening / closing member (311) can be opened at least partially as described above.

[0093] At this time, the opening / closing member (311) can be opened in a form in which, for example, the left end is separated from the main body of the upper frame (310), as illustrated in FIG. 9. In this case, the opening / closing member (311) can be opened in a hinge rotation manner, as indicated by the dotted arrow in FIG. 9. Alternatively, the opening / closing member (311) can be opened in a form in which both ends are ruptured or broken, as illustrated in FIG. 10. In addition, the opening / closing member (311) can be configured in a form in which a notch portion in the central portion is ruptured. This opening configuration of the opening / closing member (311) can be configured in various ways and forms, such as pre-forming a notch, a cut line, a break groove, etc. at the boundary between the opening / closing member (311) and the main body of the upper frame (310).

[0094] And, when the opening / closing member (311) is opened in this way, the inside and outside of the battery module (1000) are connected, and through this, gas generated inside the battery module (1000) can be discharged to the outside of the battery module (1000), as indicated by arrows in FIGS. 9 and 10.

[0095] Meanwhile, the gas discharged through the opening of the opening / closing member (311) may be discharged through a venting path formed inside the battery pack housing, for example, inside the pack lid (50), as indicated by P1. However, during this discharge process, there is a concern that a backflow (counter flow) phenomenon may occur in which the venting gas flows into another venting hole (H). In particular, if a high-temperature venting gas or a flame flows into the inside of the module case (100) through another adjacent venting part (V) and venting hole (H), a problem in which a thermal event spreads to another normal battery cell (400) or another battery module (1000) may occur.

[0096] Therefore, in order to more effectively block the propagation of thermal events to other battery cells (400), it is desirable to prevent gases generated and discharged from the outside of the battery module (1000) or other battery cells (400) from flowing into the inside.

[0097] As described above, the opening / closing member (311) is configured to be partially or completely opened by applied pressure or force, so there is a risk of opening when the opening / closing member (311) is pressurized by an unintended backflow, for example, a moving gas as indicated by arrows BF1 and BF2 in FIGS. 9 and 10.

[0098] However, according to the configuration of the present invention, the venting part (V) can be configured so that the opening / closing member (311) is not opened by a counterflowing gas, etc. For example, in the exemplary configurations of FIGS. 9 and 10, the gas, etc. discharged by opening the opening / closing member (310) of a specific venting hole (H) and the venting part (V) can be directed toward the opening / closing member (310) of an adjacent other venting hole (H) and the venting part (V), as indicated by arrows BF1 and BF2. However, even in this case, the opening / closing member (310) can be maintained in a closed state without moving downward and opening due to the lower support structure of the venting part (V). In particular, the venting part (V) of the middle cover (200) can be configured as a mesh structure in which a skeleton or framework part coexists with a hole and a hole. In addition, the skeleton or frame portion of the venting portion (V) can physically support the lower portion of the opening / closing member (311). Therefore, even if an external force is applied in an unintended direction, such as a backflow (arrow BF1, BF2), it can effectively provide a restraining force that prevents the opening / closing member (311) from easily opening.

[0099] In this respect, in the case of the embodiment configuration of the present invention, not only can the function of effectively discharging gas or the like to the outside be implemented, but also the function of suppressing the opening / closing member (311) from being opened by an external force in an unintended direction can be implemented.

[0100] Meanwhile, in the preceding embodiments, each of the venting portions (V) is depicted as having a large number of mesh holes formed therein, but the present invention is not limited by the number or shape of such mesh holes. For example, two or more mesh holes may be formed in one venting portion (V), and a framework may exist to separate each mesh hole, thereby suppressing or limiting movement of the opening / closing member (311) in a specific direction.

[0101] The above middle cover (200) may be configured so that the opening / closing member (311) moves only in a specific direction. For example, in the embodiments of FIGS. 9 and 10, the venting portion (V) may be configured so that the opening / closing member (311) located on the upper side moves only upward and not downward. In this case, the opening / closing member (311) may be opened only by moving upward, and its movement toward the lower side may be restricted, thereby preventing opening.

[0102]

[0103] Fig. 11 is an enlarged view of a portion of a venting portion (V) in a middle cover (200) according to another embodiment of the present invention. For example, Fig. 11 may be considered another embodiment of portion A1 of Fig. 8. Fig. 12 is an enlarged view of portion A2 of Fig. 11, and Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A3-A3' of Fig. 12. In particular, in Fig. 13, for the convenience of explanation, the cross-sectional portion is shown as the center, and other portions may be omitted.

[0104] Referring to FIGS. 11 to 13, the venting portion (V) of the present invention may have a bone frame, as indicated by VF. In addition, this bone frame (VF) may be a boundary that separates a plurality of mesh holes, as indicated by VH, in one venting portion (V). The bone frame (VF) may be formed in various shapes that can divide a hole (opening) forming one venting portion (V) into a plurality of mesh holes (VH). In particular, the bone frame (VF) may be configured in a bridge shape that crosses the central portion of the hole forming the venting portion (V).

[0105] When such a skeletal frame (VF) is provided in the venting portion (V), the opening / closing member (311) can be supported. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 , the opening / closing member (311) can be supported upwardly and prevented from moving downwardly by the skeletal frame (VF) of the venting portion (V). Furthermore, according to this embodiment, even if the opening / closing member (311) is formed to have a similar size to the venting portion (V), the opening / closing member (311) can be prevented from penetrating the venting portion (V) and moving inwardly to open the module case (100).

[0106] The skeletal frame (VF) forming the mesh structure of the venting portion (V) can be implemented as a three-dimensional structure. In particular, the skeletal frame can have a concave groove formed therein, as indicated by VF1 in FIGS. 12 and 13. The concave groove (VF1) can be formed in a concave shape extending downward from the upper surface of the skeletal frame (VF).

[0107] Moreover, these concave grooves (VF1) may be formed in a shape that is elongated along the extension direction of each skeletal frame (VF). For example, the skeletal frame (VF) may be formed in a shape of a plurality of lines that are woven together and are elongated so that a plurality of mesh holes (VH) are formed in an approximately rhombus shape. At this time, the concave grooves (VF1) may be formed in a shape that is elongated along the extension direction of the skeletal frame (VF) and may have an approximately rhombus shape, similar to the skeletal frame (VF).

[0108] According to this embodiment of the present invention, stable opening of the opening / closing member (311) can be ensured in an emergency situation such as a thermal runaway. This will be described in more detail with additional reference to FIG. 14.

[0109] Fig. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an enlarged portion of a portion in which one venting portion (V) is provided in a battery module (1000) according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0110] Referring to Fig. 14, the upper frame (110), the middle cover (200), and the protective cover (300) of the module case (100) may have a structure in which they are sequentially stacked in the vertical direction. At this time, in order to more stably maintain the stacking or bonding state between the upper frame (110), the middle cover (200), and / or the protective cover (300), as illustrated in Fig. 3, an adhesive material such as an adhesive sheet (30) or an adhesive may be interposed therebetween.

[0111] In particular, the protective cover (300) needs to be stably connected to the outside of the middle cover (200) even when external shock or vibration is applied or in high temperature and high pressure situations such as thermal runaway. Furthermore, the opening / closing member (311) of the protective cover (300) needs to be aligned with the position of the venting part (V) of the middle cover (200), and if the relative positions therebetween are even slightly misaligned, the venting part (V) may not open in an emergency situation such as thermal runaway, and thus gas, etc. may not be discharged smoothly. Therefore, an adhesive material may be interposed between the middle cover (200) and the protective cover (300) to secure a bonding force.

[0112] At this time, as a representative method for interposing an adhesive material between the middle cover (200) and the protective cover (300), a method of applying an adhesive material to the lower surface (inner surface) of the protective cover (300) and then adhering the protective cover (300) to the upper surface of the middle cover (200) can be mentioned. In this case, the adhesive material may be interposed in the space between the body part (212) of the middle cover (200) and the protective cover (300), as shown in the part indicated by A4 in Fig. 14. However, the adhesive material may be present not only in the A4 space, but also between the skeletal frame (VF) of the venting part (V) and the opening / closing member (311) of the protective cover (300).

[0113] At this time, according to the above-described embodiment of the present invention, the contact area between the skeletal frame (VF) and the opening / closing member (311) can be reduced. More specifically, in FIG. 14, the portion of the skeletal frame (VF) that is bonded to the opening / closing member (311) may be a protruding structure (VF2). That is, as described in the embodiments of FIGS. 12 and 13 above, the skeletal frame (VF) may have a concave groove (VF1) formed therein, and thus may have a portion that protrudes relatively upwards, i.e., a protruding structure, as indicated by VF2. In addition, the protruding structure (VF2) of the skeletal frame (VF) may be a portion that is in contact with and bonded to the lower surface (inner surface) of the opening / closing member (311).

[0114] In this embodiment, the concave groove (VF1) portion of the skeletal frame (VF) may not be bonded to the opening / closing member (311). Therefore, in this case, even in an abnormal situation where the internal pressure inside the module case (100) increases, the problem of the opening / closing member (311) not being able to open due to excessive bonding to the skeletal frame (VF) can be prevented. That is, according to the above embodiment, by reducing the bonding between the middle cover (200) and the protective cover (300), the venting performance can be stably guaranteed for situations such as thermal runaway.

[0115] The above concave groove (VF1) may be formed in a long, extended shape along the central portion of each skeletal frame (VF). At this time, in each skeletal frame (VF), a protruding structure (VF2) may be provided at both ends of the concave groove (VF1). For example, when the skeletal frame (VF) is formed in a roughly diamond shape, the concave groove (VF1) and the protruding structure (VF2) may be formed in a long, extended shape along the central portion and both sides of the skeletal frame (VF). In particular, the concave groove (VF1) may be formed on the outer surface facing the opening / closing member (311) of the protective cover (300) over the entire portion of the skeletal frame (VF).

[0116] According to this embodiment of the present invention, the contact and adhesion area between the skeletal frame (VF) and the opening / closing member (311) can be further reduced. Therefore, when the opening / closing member (311) is opened, the opening operation can be performed smoothly without obstruction.

[0117] The above skeletal frame (VF) may include an inclined structure, such as the portion indicated as VF3 in Fig. 13.

[0118] The above-mentioned inclined structure (VF3) may be configured to provide directionality to venting when gas generated from the battery cell (400) side is discharged to the outside through the venting hole (H) and the venting portion (V). The inclined structure (VF3) may be formed on the lower part of the skeletal frame (VF) facing the battery cell (400), i.e., on the inner surface.

[0119] For example, referring to the embodiment of Fig. 13, an inclined surface may be provided at the lower portion of each skeletal frame (VF) at a predetermined angle (e.g., 60°) from the vertical direction (Z-axis direction). In particular, the inclined structure (VF3) may be formed on both lower portions of the skeletal frame (VF).

[0120] According to this embodiment of the present invention, gas and the like can be discharged more smoothly through the venting hole (H) and the venting section (V). This will be described in more detail with additional reference to FIG. 15.

[0121] FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an enlarged portion of a portion in which one venting portion (V) is provided in a battery module (1000) according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0122] Referring to Fig. 15, when gas or the like is generated from the battery cell (400), the opening / closing member (311) is opened, and the generated gas or the like can be discharged to the outside of the battery module (1000) through the venting hole (H) and the venting portion (V). At this time, a venting pass (P1) can be formed between the outside of the battery module (1000), for example, the outside of the protective cover (300) and the inside of the pack lid (50).

[0123] In particular, the fluid flow direction in this venting pass (P1) may have a bent shape in a direction approximately orthogonal to the gas discharge direction from the venting hole (H). For example, in the exemplary configuration of FIG. 15, the venting hole (H) of the module case (100) may be formed on the upper frame (110) side, and gas, etc. may be ejected upward (+Z-axis direction) from the battery cell (400). At this time, the gas, etc. ejected toward the venting hole (H) side may reach the inclined structure (VF3) of the skeletal frame (VF) at the venting portion (V). Then, the gas, etc. may flow in a form inclined at a predetermined angle (approximately 30 to 70°) from the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) toward the horizontal direction along the inclined surface of the inclined structure (VF3). Then, the gas, etc. ejected in a inclined form by the inclined structure (VF3) in this way may flow more smoothly in the horizontal direction, which is the flow direction of the venting pass (P1). That is, according to the above implementation configuration, by making the angle between the discharge direction from the venting hole (H) side and the discharge direction from the venting pass (P1) more gentle, the discharge of gas, etc. can be made faster and smoother.

[0124] In particular, the skeletal frame can be configured to have a cross-section having a 'V' shaped structure.

[0125] For example, as shown in FIGS. 13 to 15, a cross-section when cut in a plane perpendicular to the XY plane with respect to the skeletal frame (VF), particularly a cross-section in a direction orthogonal to the extension direction of the skeletal frame (VF), may have an approximately V-shape.

[0126] In this cross-sectional configuration, the skeletal frame (VF) may have a shape in which a concave groove (VF1) is formed in the center and protruding structures (VF2) are formed at both ends of the concave groove (VF1). In addition, the lower part of the skeletal frame (VF) may have a shape in which only the central part protrudes downward along the shape of the concave groove (VF1). In particular, the shape of the concave groove (VF1) may have an approximately 'V' shape. In addition, the outer surface of the concave groove (VF1) may be formed to be approximately parallel to the inner surface of the concave groove (VF1), so that the outer surface on the lower side of the skeletal frame (VF) may form an inclined structure (VF3).

[0127] According to this embodiment configuration of the present invention, a shape that forms a concave groove (VF1) on the upper surface of the skeletal frame (VF) of the venting portion (V) and minimizes the contact area between the skeletal frame (VF) and the opening / closing member (311) through the protruding structure (VF2) can be easily implemented. In addition, according to this embodiment configuration, a configuration that forms an inclined structure (VF3) at the lower portion of the skeletal frame (VF) can be more easily achieved.

[0128] In addition, according to the above-described embodiment, the skeletal frame (VF) may be configured, at least partially, to have a thickness that becomes thinner in the horizontal direction, for example, the Y-axis direction, as it moves toward the battery cell (400), for example, the downward direction (-Z-axis direction). In particular, the skeletal frame (VF) may be formed in a pointed shape at an end (lower end) in the direction toward the battery cell (400). According to this embodiment, the resistance of gas, etc., directed toward the venting hole (H) and the venting portion (V) against the lower portion of the skeletal frame (VF) may be reduced. Therefore, the discharge of gas, etc., passing through the venting portion (V) may be performed more quickly and smoothly.

[0129] Fig. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an enlarged portion of a portion in which one venting portion (V) is provided in a battery module (1000) according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0130] Referring to Fig. 16, the skeletal frame (VF) of the venting portion (V) may have an asymmetrically formed inclined structure (VF3). In particular, the cross-section of the skeletal frame (VF) may have different end portions on the left and right sides, as illustrated in the drawing. More specifically, the skeletal frame (VF) may have an inclined structure (VF3) formed only on the left side, and may not have an inclined structure (VF3) formed on the right side.

[0131] According to this embodiment of the present invention, in the left part of the skeletal frame (VF), gas, etc. can flow in a form inclined at a predetermined angle from the vertical direction to the left, as indicated by arrow A6, due to the inclined structure (VF3). On the other hand, in the right part of the skeletal frame (VF), since the inclined structure (VF3) is not formed, gas, etc. can flow in the vertical direction, as indicated by arrow A7. Accordingly, the flow direction of gas, etc. passing through the venting portion (V) can flow generally toward the left (-Y-axis direction).

[0132] As another example, the skeletal frame (VF) may be configured such that inclined structures (VF3) are formed on the left and right sides, respectively, with the inclined angles of the left and right inclined structures (VF3) being different. For example, the left inclined structure (VF3) may have an inclined angle closer to horizontal than the right inclined structure (VF3).

[0133] Such an asymmetrical slope configuration of the skeletal frame (VF) can be appropriately designed according to the opening / closing direction, opening / closing structure, opening / closing form, etc. of the opening / closing member (311). For example, as in the embodiment configuration of Fig. 16, when the opening / closing member (311) rotates clockwise as indicated by arrow A5 and the left end is opened, it is preferable that gas, etc. be discharged in a form inclined to the left when passing through the venting portion (V). In this case, gas, etc. can be discharged more quickly and smoothly due to the opening of the opening / closing member (311).

[0134] In particular, the inclined structure (VF3) of the skeletal frame (VF) may be configured so that gas is discharged in a direction toward the open end of the opening / closing member (311). For example, as illustrated in FIG. 16, when the left end of the opening / closing member (311) is open, the inclined structure (VF3) may be formed at the left end of the skeletal frame (VF). Furthermore, the open structure of the opening / closing member (311) may be designed in consideration of the discharge direction in the venting pass (P1). Therefore, when the inclined structure (VF3) of the skeletal frame (VF) is designed to take the open direction of the opening / closing member (311) into consideration, gas, etc. passing through the venting portion (V) can flow and be discharged more quickly and smoothly through the venting pass (P1).

[0135] Fig. 17 is a drawing schematically showing a cross-sectional configuration of a part of a skeletal frame (VF) included in a venting portion (V) according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0136] Referring to Fig. 17, a through hole may be formed in the skeletal frame (VF), as indicated by VF4. This through hole (VF4) may be formed in a structure that penetrates the skeletal frame (VF) in an inner and outer direction. In particular, a concave groove (VF1) may be formed in the skeletal frame (VF), and the through hole (VF4) may be formed in a structure that exposes the concave groove (VF1) in an outer direction (e.g., downward direction) of the skeletal frame (VF).

[0137] According to this embodiment of the present invention, by lowering the adhesiveness between the skeletal frame (VF) and the opening / closing member (311), it can be more advantageous in ensuring the opening performance of the opening / closing member (311) in an emergency. In particular, when an adhesive material is applied between the opening / closing member (311) and the skeletal frame (VF), the adhesive material can flow into the concave groove (VF1). At this time, the adhesive material flowing into the concave groove (VF1) can be discharged to the outside of the concave groove (VF1), for example, in a downward direction, through the through hole (VF4). Therefore, in this embodiment, by preventing the concave groove (VF1) from being filled with the adhesive material, it is possible to prevent the opening / closing member (311) and the skeletal frame (VF) from being unintentionally strongly adhered due to the adhesive material filled in the concave groove (VF1).

[0138] In addition, according to the above-described implementation configuration, when gas or the like is generated from the battery cell (400), the gas or the like may flow into the through hole (VF4) as well as the mesh hole (VH) between the skeletal frames (VF). In addition, the gas or the like that flows into the concave groove (VF1) through the through hole (VF4) in this way can pressurize the portion of the opening / closing member (311) facing the skeletal frame (VF) outward. Accordingly, the gas or the like can apply a force for opening not only the portion of the opening / closing member (311) facing the mesh hole (VH) between the skeletal frames (VF) but also the portion facing the skeletal frame (VF). Therefore, in this case, when the internal pressure of the battery module (1000) increases, the opening of the opening / closing member (311) can be performed more quickly.

[0139]

[0140] Meanwhile, in the above various implementation configurations, the concave groove (VF1) of the skeletal frame (VF) may be said to be a non-contacting portion that does not come into contact with the lower portion of the opening / closing member (311). In addition, the protruding structure (VF2) of the skeletal frame (VF) may be said to be a contacting portion that comes into contact with the lower portion of the opening / closing member (311). Here, the contacting portion between the protruding structure (VF2) of the skeletal frame (VF) and the lower portion of the opening / closing member (311) may be implemented in the form of direct contact or indirect contact using an adhesive or the like.

[0141] In this way, when the mesh structure of the venting portion (V) is divided into a contact portion and a non-contact portion, the area that comes into contact with the adhesive sheet (30) or the adhesive layer, etc., can be reduced. In addition, when the contact area is reduced in this way, the phenomenon in which the opening / closing member (311) does not open even when an appropriate force is applied to the opening / closing member (311) due to the opening / closing member (311) being excessively fixed to the venting portion (V) by the adhesive sheet (30), etc., can be minimized.

[0142] From a corresponding viewpoint, the above configuration of the present invention can also minimize phenomena such as delay in opening the opening member (311) or reduction in the opening area due to the fixing force of the adhesive sheet (30) or the like.

[0143] In addition, when the venting portion (V) of the present invention has a contact portion and a non-contact portion, even if an unintended external force is applied, the problem of the opening / closing member (311) being opened in the reverse direction can be prevented by physically supporting the lower part of the opening / closing member (311) through the contact portion.

[0144] At least one of the protective cover (300) and the middle cover (200) of the present invention may be made of or configured to include a material (e.g., mica) having low thermal conductivity and excellent heat resistance and / or fire resistance so as to effectively block the transfer or propagation of thermal events and the like, and to minimize the influence of thermal events. Depending on the embodiment, at least one of the protective cover (300) and the middle cover (200) may be made of a metal or polymer material having rigidity and heat resistance.

[0145]

[0146]

[0147] The battery pack according to the present invention may include one or more battery modules (1000) according to the present invention described above. For example, the battery pack according to the present invention may be configured to include a pack housing, within which are included a plurality of battery modules according to the present invention. In this case, when the battery modules according to the present invention are housed, the heat transfer between battery modules is effectively prevented in an emergency situation such as thermal runaway, and sufficient time for the user, etc. to respond or escape can be secured.

[0148] In addition, the battery pack according to the present invention may further include various other components in addition to the battery module, such as various battery pack components known at the time of filing of the present invention, such as a BMS, a bus bar, a relay, a current sensor, etc.

[0149] Meanwhile, components such as a BMS, a bus bar, a relay, and a current sensor may be included as components of a battery module according to the present invention. In this case, components such as a BMS, a bus bar, a relay, and a current sensor may be provided inside a module case (100). In this case, the battery module may be referred to as a battery pack, and the module case (100) may be referred to as a pack housing. Furthermore, in this case, the battery module according to the present invention may be a cell-to-pack type battery pack in which battery cells (400) are directly mounted on a pack housing.

[0150]

[0151] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is obvious that various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the technical idea of ​​the present invention and the equivalent scope of the patent claims to be described below by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains.

[0152] The drawings attached for the purpose of explaining the present invention and illustrating embodiments thereof may be illustrated in a somewhat exaggerated form to emphasize or highlight the technical contents of the present invention. However, it should be interpreted that it is obvious that various modified application examples may be possible at the level of a person skilled in the art in consideration of the contents described above and matters illustrated in the drawings.

[0153] In addition, it is self-evident that expressions such as first, second, upper, lower, or top and bottom in the description of the present invention are merely instrumental conceptual terms used to relatively distinguish each component (element) from each other, and are not terms used to indicate a specific order, priority, etc., or terms used to physically distinguish each component (element) on an absolute basis.

[0154] (Explanation of symbols)

[0155] 1000: Battery module

[0156] 100: Module Case

[0157] 110: Upper frame 120: Side frame

[0158] 130: Busbar assembly 140: End frame

[0159] 150: Subframe H: Venting hole

[0160] 200: Middle cover

[0161] 210: First top cover 212: Body

[0162] 220: 1st side cover

[0163] V: Venting Department

[0164] VF: Skeletal Frame, VH: Mesh Hole

[0165] VF1: concave groove, VF2: protruding structure, VF3: inclined structure, VF4: through hole

[0166] 300: Protective cover

[0167] 310: Second top cover 320: Second side cover

[0168] 311: Opening and closing member

[0169] 400: Battery cell 410: Electrode lead

Claims

1. A module case including an upper frame having a venting hole; A plurality of battery cells accommodated in the above module case; A protective cover in which the opening / closing member is provided at a position corresponding to the venting hole; and A battery module characterized in that a venting part is provided between the opening / closing member and the venting hole, and a middle cover is positioned between the upper frame and the protective cover.

2. In paragraph 1, A battery module characterized in that the above opening / closing member is configured to open when a thermal event occurs in the battery cell.

3. In paragraph 1, A battery module characterized in that the venting portion has a mesh structure that physically supports the lower portion of the opening / closing member and allows gas discharged through the venting hole to pass through.

4. In paragraph 1, A battery module characterized in that the above venting part has a skeletal frame so that a plurality of mesh holes are formed.

5. In paragraph 4, A battery module characterized in that the above skeletal frame has a concave groove formed in a downward direction from the upper surface.

6. In paragraph 5, A battery module characterized in that the above concave groove is formed in a long shape extending along the central portion of the skeletal frame.

7. In paragraph 4, A battery module characterized in that the above skeletal frame includes an inclined structure for directional venting.

8. In paragraph 7, The above skeletal frame is a battery module characterized in that the slope structure is formed asymmetrically.

9. In paragraph 4, A battery module, wherein the above skeletal frame is characterized in that its cross-section is configured in a V shape.

10. In paragraph 4, A battery module characterized in that the above skeletal frame has a through hole formed therein.

11. A battery pack comprising a battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. A vehicle comprising a battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

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