Device and method for monitoring impurity rate and breakage rate of grains in grain tank of harvester

Abstract

A device and method for monitoring the impurity rate and breakage rate of grains in a grain tank of a harvester. The device is provided with an impurity box (33), a grain weighing box (21) and a screening mechanism, such that impurities in grains can be collected while the impurity rate and the breakage rate are measured, thereby improving the cleanliness of grains in a grain box. In the device, by means of the screening mechanism, the grains and the impurities are respectively stored in the impurity box (33) and the grain weighing box (21), thus achieving separate measurement of the impurity rate and the breakage rate of the grains, and improving the measurement precision. When the breakage rate is measured, by means of a grooved wheel conveying mechanism (8) and a spreading scraper (11), the grains are distributed sparsely in a single layer, thereby avoiding shielding of the grains and further improving the visual inspection precision of the breakage rate.

Description

Device and method for monitoring impurity content and breakage rate of grain in a harvester grain tank

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] The present invention claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202410287170.6 filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on March 13, 2024, entitled “Device and method for monitoring the impurity content and breakage rate of grain in a harvester grain tank”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention for all purposes. Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a device and method for monitoring the impurity content and breakage rate of grains in a grain box of a harvester. Background Art

[0004] The trash content and breakage rate of grains within a harvester's grain bin are important indicators of harvester performance and serve as a crucial basis for adjusting the operating parameters of combine harvester components. With the continuous advancement of machine vision technology, this technology has begun to be used to monitor the trash content and breakage rate of grains. However, since visual monitoring cannot penetrate deep into the grain accumulation, it only captures the image features of the accumulated grain surface. Furthermore, there is occlusion and overlap between grains and debris, and the color of debris is highly similar to that of grains. These factors complicate visual recognition and result in errors in current machine vision monitoring of the trash content and breakage rate.

[0005] Invention patent CN111937571A discloses an online detection device for the impurity content and breakage rate of a grain combine harvester and a grain bin, which can adjust the "single-sided" flow limit according to different crops, and continuously shoot samples during the "single-sided" transportation process to prevent the omission of impurities and broken grains; however, this scheme simultaneously detects the impurity content and breakage rate of the grains, and the grains after detection cannot be separated from the impurities, and the cleanliness of the grains that finally enter the grain bin is not high enough; invention patent CN109870381A discloses a device for monitoring the impurity content of grains in a grain bin. Although this scheme can separate the grains from the impurities, it can only detect the impurity content of the grains, and cannot detect the impurity content and breakage rate of the grains at the same time.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for monitoring the impurity content and breakage rate of grains in a harvester grain box. By setting up a screening mechanism, the grains and debris can be collected separately first, and then the impurity content and breakage rate of the grains can be detected by weighing calculation and image acquisition. While detecting the impurity content and breakage rate, the device can also collect impurities in the grains, thereby improving the cleanliness of the grains in the grain box.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0009] In a first aspect, a device for monitoring the impurity content and breakage rate of grain in a harvester grain tank includes:

[0010] The grain weighing box has a debris box on one side. Both the grain weighing box and the debris box are equipped with weighing sensors and a flippable fixed plate. A load plate is provided between the fixed plate and the weighing sensor. The debris rate is calculated by detecting the mass of the grains and debris. A collection box is provided at the bottom of the grain weighing box, and a grooved wheel conveying mechanism is provided at the bottom of the collection box.

[0011] A conveyor belt is provided below the grooved wheel conveying mechanism and an industrial camera is provided at the end thereof. A spreading scraper is provided above the conveyor belt between the industrial camera and the grooved wheel conveying mechanism, so that the industrial camera can detect the single-layer crushing of the grains.

[0012] The screening mechanism includes an arc-shaped impurity removal screen arranged above the grain weighing box. A combing and brushing mechanism is provided above the end of the impurity removal screen for spreading the grain mixture on the impurity removal screen and discharging the impurities on the impurity removal screen into the impurity box.

[0013] As a further implementation method, the grain weighing box, the waste box, the screening mechanism, and the conveyor belt are installed inside the shell, the grain weighing box and the waste box are arranged side by side, the top of the shell is open, and a temporary storage box is provided at the opening.

[0014] As a further implementation method, the temporary storage box is located directly above the screening mechanism. The temporary storage box includes a flap at its bottom, an electromagnetic fixing pin is provided on one side of the flap, and a full position switch is provided on the inner wall of the temporary storage box. When the grains are full, the flap is flipped by the temporary storage box motor to unload the grains downward to the screening mechanism.

[0015] As a further implementation method, a fan is provided on the side of the shell, the fan is arranged corresponding to the impurity removal screen, the end of the impurity removal screen is arranged close to the debris box, and a retractable baffle is provided at the end of the impurity removal screen.

[0016] As a further implementation method, the combing and brushing mechanism is arranged above the baffle, including a combing and brushing motor fixed on the inner side of the shell. The combing and brushing motor is connected to the push-pull rod in a crank rocker manner, and the push-pull rod is connected to the rubber comb teeth, so that the rubber comb teeth reciprocate on the surface of the impurity removal screen.

[0017] As a further implementation method, the weighing sensors of the grain weighing box and the debris box are fixedly connected between the fixed plate and the supporting plate. The supporting plate is used to receive the grains or debris. The fixed plate drives the supporting plate to flip through the flip motor, and a fixing mechanism is provided on one side of the fixed plate.

[0018] As a further implementation method, the inner walls of the grain weighing box and the debris box are both provided with photoelectric sensors for changing the state of the screening mechanism according to the falling state of the grains.

[0019] As a further implementation method, a sheave conveying mechanism is provided at the bottom of the collection box, and a drop guide tube is provided below the sheave conveying mechanism.

[0020] As a further implementation method, the conveyor belt is arranged horizontally and the front end is arranged below the groove wheel conveying mechanism, and the distance between the spreading scraper and the conveyor belt is adapted to the height of a grain.

[0021] In a second aspect, a method for monitoring the impurity content and breakage rate of grains in a harvester grain tank, using any of the above-described detection devices, comprises the following steps:

[0022] When the temporary storage box is full of kernels, the full switch is triggered, and the flap rotates to make the kernels fall onto the impurity removal screen. The rubber comb teeth spread the kernels, separating the kernels from the impurities and dropping them into the seed weighing box. The combing and brushing mechanism discharges the impurities into the impurity box, and the impurity content is calculated by testing the mass of the kernels and impurities.

[0023] After the grains are weighed, the fixed plate rotates to open the bottom of the grain weighing box, and the grains enter the collection box. The grains are intermittently output to the conveyor belt through the grooved wheel conveying mechanism. After the grains pass through the spreading scraper, the spaced grains are spread into a single layer distribution state. The industrial camera captures images of the passing grains. After the grain images are collected and processed, the morphological characteristics of the broken grains are obtained, and then the grain breakage rate is calculated.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] 1. The present invention sets a screening mechanism, which can first separate the grains from the debris and collect them, and then detect the impurity content and breakage rate of the grains through weighing calculation and image acquisition. The device can collect impurities in the grains while detecting the impurity content and breakage rate, thereby improving the cleanliness of the grains in the grain box; in addition, the impurity content and breakage rate are detected separately, thereby improving the detection accuracy; through the setting of the grooved wheel conveying mechanism and the spreading scraper, the grains are distributed in a single layer and sparsely when detecting the breakage rate, thereby avoiding obstruction between the grains and further improving the visual detection accuracy of the breakage rate.

[0026] 2. The brushing mechanism and the baffle of the present invention are arranged so that when separating the grains from the debris, the baffle is retracted to prevent the grains from falling into the debris box. At the same time, the brushing mechanism drives the rubber comb teeth to reciprocate on the debris removal screen in the form of a crank rocker, so that the grains can quickly pass through the screen holes.

[0027] 3. The variable frequency fan of the present invention is set up so that when the grains fall onto the impurity removal screen, a small amount of impurities can be blown into the impurity box. When the photoelectric sensor in the grain weighing box cannot detect the grain falling signal, the variable frequency fan increases the power, and at the same time the baffle is lowered and the combing and brushing mechanism moves in the opposite direction, and together the impurities remaining on the impurity removal screen are pushed into the impurity box, thereby improving the cleanliness of the grains and realizing separate detection of impurity content and breakage rate.

[0028] 4. The temporary storage box of the present invention is provided with a full switch and a flap. When the seed mixture in the temporary storage box is full, the flap is controlled to flip over and the seed mixture is unloaded to the screening mechanism.

[0029] 5. The grain weighing box and the waste box of the present invention are provided with weighing sensors and corresponding load-bearing plates and fixing plates, which can realize unloading of grains into the collection box or manual discharge of waste. The corresponding fixing mechanism can prevent the fixing plate from accidentally turning over.

[0030] 6. The distance between the spreading scraper of the present invention and the conveyor belt is the height of a single layer of grains, ensuring that the grains are arranged in a single layer on the conveyor belt, reducing the difficulty of subsequent image acquisition by industrial cameras and improving the monitoring accuracy of the breakage rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0032] 1 is an axonometric cross-sectional view of a device for monitoring impurity content and breakage rate of grains according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] FIG2 is a front cross-sectional view of a device for monitoring the impurity content and breakage rate of grains according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: the distances or sizes between parts are exaggerated to show the positions of various parts, and the schematic diagram is for reference only.

[0035] Among them: 1. Temporary storage box; 2. Full position switch; 3. Temporary storage box motor; 4. Fan; 5. De-duster screen; 6. Photoelectric sensor; 7. Grain weighing box turning motor; 8. Grooved wheel conveying mechanism; 9. Drive motor; 10. Active pulley; 11. Spreading scraper; 12. Driven pulley; 13. Industrial camera; 14. Waste box turning motor; 15. Housing; 16. Comb motor; 17. Push-pull rod; 18. Rubber comb teeth; 19. Electromagnetic fixing pin; 20. Turn plate; 21. Grain weighing box; 22. Loading plate; 23. Grain weighing sensor; 24. Fixing plate; 25. Fixing mechanism; 26. Collection box; 27. Drop guide tube; 28. Conveyor belt; 29. ​​Fixing plate; 30. Fixing mechanism; 31. Waste weighing sensor; 32. Loading plate; 33. Waste box; 34. Photoelectric sensor; 35. Receiving and discharging motor; 36. Baffle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, a device for monitoring the impurity content and breakage rate of grain in a harvester grain tank includes a grain weighing box 21, one side of which is provided with a debris box 33. The grain weighing box 21 and the debris box 33 are both provided with weighing sensors and flippable fixed plates. A bearing plate is provided between the fixed plate and the weighing sensor. The impurity content is calculated by detecting the mass of the grains and debris. A collecting box 26 is provided at the bottom of the grain weighing box 21, and a grooved wheel conveying mechanism 8 is provided at the bottom of the collecting box 26; a conveyor belt 28 is provided below the grooved wheel conveying mechanism 8 and an industrial camera 13 is provided at the end thereof. A spreading scraper 11 is provided above the conveyor belt 28 between the industrial camera 13 and the grooved wheel conveying mechanism 8, so that the industrial camera 13 can perform single-layer crushing detection on the grains; the screening mechanism includes an impurity removal screen 5 arranged in an arc shape above the grain weighing box, and a combing mechanism is provided above the end of the impurity removal screen 5 for discharging the debris on the impurity removal screen 5 into the debris box 33.

[0039] This device not only detects impurities and breakage rates, but also collects impurities from the kernels, improving the cleanliness of the kernels in the grain bin. This device allows for separate detection of impurity and breakage rates, improving detection accuracy. When detecting breakage rates, the kernels are arranged in a single, sparse layer, avoiding obstruction between kernels and further improving the accuracy of visual detection of breakage rates.

[0040] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the detection device includes an outer shell 15, which is arranged inside the grain box. The outer side of the outer shell 15 is fixed to the side wall of the grain box and can share part of the side wall with the grain box. The grains are introduced into the detection device from the feed port of the grain box by setting a conduit, and the impurity content and breakage rate of the grains in the grain box are intermittently detected.

[0041] As shown in Figure 1, the grain weighing box 21, the waste bin 33, the screening mechanism, and the conveyor belt 28 are all installed inside the housing 15. The grain weighing box 21 and the waste bin 33 are arranged side by side. The top of the housing 15 is open, and a temporary storage box 1 is located at the opening. The temporary storage box 1, the screening mechanism, the grain weighing box 21, the collection box 26, and the conveyor belt 28 are arranged vertically from top to bottom. The temporary storage box 1 has an open top, and the grains are introduced into the temporary storage box 1 through a conduit.

[0042] The structure of the temporary storage box 1 includes a full switch 2, a temporary storage box motor 3 and a temporary storage box opening and closing mechanism. The temporary storage box opening and closing mechanism includes an electromagnetic fixing pin 19 and a flap 20, wherein the flap 20 serves as the bottom plate of the temporary storage box 1. The temporary storage box motor 3 is arranged on the outer wall of the temporary storage box 1, and the output end of the temporary storage box motor 3 is connected to the flap 20. The temporary storage box motor 3 drives the flap 20 to rotate to open or close the temporary storage box 1. The electromagnetic fixing pin 19 is arranged on one side of the flap 20 and is arranged at 90° to the motor rotation axis of the temporary storage box motor 3. When the temporary storage box 1 is in the closed state, the pin shaft of the electromagnetic fixing pin 19 extends and supports the flap 20 to prevent the flap 20 from axially turning under the action of gravity; the full switch 2 is installed on the top side wall of the temporary storage box 1. When the grains are full, it triggers a high-level full signal. At this time, the temporary storage box motor 3 drives the flap 20 to move and unload the grains downward onto the screening mechanism.

[0043] The screening mechanism includes a fan 4, a debris removal screen 5, a combing and brushing mechanism, a retracting and discharging motor 35, and a baffle 36.

[0044] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the impurity removal screen 5 is an arc-shaped mesh screen structure, which is located directly above the grain weighing box 21. Different sizes of screens can be selected according to different crops; the fan 4 is installed on the outside of the shell 15 below the impurity removal screen, and the air outlet of the fan 4 passes through the outer wall horizontally toward the bottom surface of the impurity removal screen 5. The fan 4 can use a variable frequency fan.

[0045] The reciprocating motor 35 is arranged at the tail of the impurity removing screen 5 , and the output end of the reciprocating motor 35 is connected to the baffle 36 to drive the baffle 36 to rotate. The debris box 33 is arranged below one side of the tail of the impurity removing screen 5 .

[0046] The combing and brushing mechanism includes a combing and brushing motor 16, a push-pull rod 17, and rubber comb teeth 18. The combing and brushing mechanism is located at the tail end of the impurity removal screen 5 and above the baffle 36. The combing and brushing motor 16 is installed on the inner side of the shell 15, the push-pull rod 17 is installed on the motor rotating shaft, and the rubber comb teeth 18 are installed on the push-pull rod 17. The rubber comb teeth 18 are used to contact the top surface of the impurity removal screen.

[0047] It can be understood that the motor 16 and the push-pull rod 17 are connected by a crank rocker, so that the rubber comb teeth 18 can reciprocate on the top surface of the impurity removal screen 5, thereby spreading the grain mixture on the impurity removal screen 5, so that the grains can fall from the sieve holes into the grain weighing box 21 faster.

[0048] The vertical placement of the baffle 36 can be adjusted by retracting the electric motor 35. When the impurity removing screen 5 is screening the grains, the baffle 36 is erected to prevent the grains from falling into the debris box 33. After the grain screening is completed, the baffle 36 is lowered, and the rubber comb teeth 18 push the remaining debris on the impurity removing screen 5 into the debris box 33, thereby separating the grains from the debris.

[0049] A grain collection mechanism is located directly below the screening mechanism in this embodiment. The mechanism comprises a photoelectric sensor 6, a grain weighing box 21, a grain weighing sensor 23, and a grain weighing box tilting mechanism. The tilting mechanism comprises a grain weighing box tilting motor 7, a supporting plate 22, a fixing plate 24, and a fixing mechanism 25.

[0050] Photoelectric sensors 6 are mounted on the walls of the seed weighing box 21 to detect the falling state of the grains and adjust the state of the screening mechanism accordingly. The rotating shafts at both ends of the fixed plate 24 are mounted on bearings on the opposite outer walls of the seed weighing box 21 and connected to the seed weighing box tilting motor 7 on the side of the outer shell. Two fixing mechanisms 25 are mounted on the bottom outer wall of the seed weighing box 21, arranged at a 90-degree angle to the rotating shafts on the fixed plate 24. The fixing mechanisms 25 utilize push-pull electromagnets, whose push rods can be inserted into the axial holes in the fixed plate 24 to secure the fixed plate 24 and prevent it from accidentally tilting. The seed weighing sensor 23 is bolted between the supporting plate 22 and the fixed plate 24. The supporting plate 22 is positioned above the fixed plate 24. Grains that fall onto the supporting plate 22 are supported by the fixed plate 24 and detected by the seed weighing sensor 23 to determine the grain mass. The grain weighing box turning motor 7 can drive the fixed plate 24 to rotate, thereby realizing the rotation of the carrying plate 22 and unloading the weighed grains into the collection box 26.

[0051] A debris collection mechanism is installed alongside the grain collection mechanism. The debris collection device includes a debris box 33, a debris weighing sensor 31, a photoelectric sensor 34, and a debris box turning mechanism. The debris box turning mechanism is identical to the grain weighing box turning mechanism, including a debris box turning motor 14, a load plate 32, a fixing plate 29, and a fixing mechanism 30. The debris weighing sensor 31 is bolted to the load plate 32 and fixing plate 29. The photoelectric sensor 34 is mounted on the top sidewall of the debris box 33. When the debris box 33 is full, a full signal is triggered, triggering an audible and visual alarm to alert staff that the debris box is full and that the debris in the debris box 33 needs to be cleaned.

[0052] It is understood that the principle of the remnant box turning mechanism in the remnant box 33 is the same as that of the grain weighing box turning mechanism, and will not be repeated here. The carrying plate 32 in the remnant box 33 is used to carry the remnants, and the remnant weighing sensor 31 is used to detect the quality of the remnants.

[0053] The bottom of the seed weighing box 21 is connected to a collection box 26, which is located below the fixed plate 24. After the fixed plate 24 and the supporting plate 22 are flipped, the seeds fall into the collection box 26. The bottom of the collection box 26 is provided with a sheave conveyor mechanism 8, and a drop guide 27 is provided below the sheave conveyor mechanism 8. The seed conveyor mechanism includes a conveyor belt 28 mounted on the housing 15. The conveyor belt 28 is arranged horizontally with its front end located below the sheave conveyor mechanism 8. The distance between the spreading scraper 11 and the conveyor belt 28 is adapted to the height of a seed.

[0054] The seeds in the collection box 26 are dropped onto a conveyor belt 28 via a sheave conveyor mechanism 8 and a drop guide 27. An industrial camera 13 is located at the end of the conveyor belt 28. A spreading scraper 11 is located above the conveyor belt 28 between the industrial camera 13 and the sheave conveyor mechanism 8, enabling the industrial camera 13 to detect single-layer seed breakage.

[0055] The industrial camera 13 of this embodiment is used to capture images of the grains on the grain conveying mechanism; the grains in the collecting box 26 are sprinkled onto the conveyor belt 28 through the grooved wheel conveying mechanism 8 and the falling conduit 27. By adjusting the rotation speed of the grooved wheel conveying mechanism 8, the sparse state of the grains sprinkled onto the conveyor belt 28 can be changed.

[0056] Specifically, the grain conveying mechanism includes a drive motor 9, a conveyor belt 28, a driving wheel 10, a driven wheel 12, and a spreading scraper 11. The drive motor 9 and driving wheel 10 are connected by a coupling, and the driving wheel 10 and driven wheel 12 are connected by the conveyor belt 28. The spreading scraper 11 is installed at an angle above the conveyor belt 28, at a distance of one grain's height from the conveyor belt 28, to ensure a single-layer distribution of grains on the conveyor belt 28. Grains that fall onto the grain conveying mechanism ultimately fall from the driven wheel 12 to the grain bin.

[0057] The device for monitoring the impurity content and breakage rate of grains in the grain bin of a harvester of this embodiment first separates the grains from the impurities in the grain mixture, and then monitors the impurity content, thereby removing and collecting the impurities in the grain bin during the impurity content monitoring process, reducing the interference of the impurities on the breakage rate monitoring, and improving the cleanliness of the grains in the grain bin; during the breakage rate monitoring process, the grains can be thinned and processed into a single layer, avoiding mutual occlusion between the grains, improving the accuracy of image processing, and making the final impurity content and breakage rate more accurate.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, referring to FIG1-FIG2 , a method for monitoring the impurity content and breakage rate of grain in a harvester grain tank is provided, characterized in that the detection device of Example 1 is used, and the method includes the following steps:

[0060] (1) Grain impurity rate monitoring method

[0061] The grains first fall into the temporary storage box 1 through the guide tube for temporary storage. When the temporary storage box 1 is full, the full switch 2 is triggered. At this time, the retracting and discharging motor 35 controls the baffle 36 to be in an upright state. The controller controls the electromagnetic fixing pin 19 to retract, and the temporary storage box motor 3 drives the flap 20 to rotate. The temporary storage box 1 opens, and the grains in the box fall onto the impurity removal screen 5. After a period of time, the temporary storage box motor 3 rotates to close the bottom of the temporary storage box 1 and controls the electromagnetic fixing pin 19 to extend and fix the flap 20. The temporary storage box 1 continues to receive grain.

[0062] After the grains fall onto the impurity screen 5, the brush motor 16 runs forward, driving the rubber comb teeth 18 via the push-pull rod 17. Simultaneously, the variable frequency fan 4 blows air from below the impurity screen 5, blowing up light impurities in the grains and dropping them into the debris box 33 at the rear of the impurity screen 5. This separates the impurities and improves the cleanliness of the grains. After being dispersed by the rubber comb teeth 18, the grains quickly fall through the sieve holes into the grain weighing box 21, causing the signal of the photoelectric sensor 6 on the grain weighing box 21 to change. When no grains fall onto the impurity screen 5, the photoelectric sensor 6 remains silent for a long time. At this time, the variable frequency fan 4 runs at a high wind speed, and the controller controls the reciprocating motor 35 to lower the baffle 36. The brush motor 16 runs in the reverse direction. Under the combined action of the rubber comb teeth 18 and the variable frequency fan 4, the impurities remaining on the impurity screen 5 are cleaned into the debris box 33. After a period of time, the reciprocating motor 35 is controlled to raise the baffle 36.

[0063] After the grains fall into the grain weighing box 21, the grain weighing sensor 23 at the bottom measures the mass m of the fallen grains, while the debris weighing sensor 31 in the debris box 33 measures the mass m' of the fallen debris;

[0064] Where m'=m' 总 -m' 前 , where m' 总 is the total mass of impurities in the residual box 33, m' 前 is the total mass of impurities in the impurity box 33 measured last time. At this time, the measurement of the mass of grains and impurities is completed. The average value of N measurements is taken, and the mass of grains is The residual mass is Where N is the number of measurements, and the impurity rate of the grain is obtained as follows:

[0065] After the grains are weighed, the push rod of the fixing mechanism 25 at the bottom of the grain weighing box 21 is pulled out of the axial hole on the fixing plate 24. The grain weighing box tilting motor 7 drives the fixing plate 24 to rotate, opening the bottom of the grain weighing box 21 and sliding the grains into the collection box 26. After a period of time, the grain weighing box tilting motor 7 is controlled to close the bottom of the grain weighing box 21, and the push rod of the fixing mechanism 25 is inserted into the axial hole on the fixing plate 24. At this point, the impurity content monitoring operation is completed. The bottom of the temporary storage box 1 is then opened, and the grains fall onto the impurity removal screen 5 for the next impurity content monitoring.

[0066] (2) Grain breakage rate monitoring method

[0067] After the grains fall into the collection box 26, the sheave conveyor mechanism 8 is controlled to operate. The sheave rotates to convey the grains to the drop guide 27 below the sheave conveyor mechanism 8. The grains fall freely onto the conveyor belt 28. The sheave adopts an eight-slot structure and intermittently outputs the grains to the conveyor belt 28. If the sheave speed is set to n1, the time interval of the grain falling is Δt. After the grains fall onto the conveyor belt 28, the interval between the grains is D. Where n2 is the speed of the driving pulley on the conveyor belt 28, and r is the radius of the driving pulley of the conveyor belt. By adjusting the speed of the groove pulley n1 and the speed of the driving pulley of the conveyor belt n2, the gap between the grains can be adjusted to make the grain distribution on the conveyor belt 28 sparse.

[0068] Drive motor 9 operates, causing conveyor belt 28 to transport the grains horizontally. The grains that fall onto conveyor belt 28 pass through spreading scraper 11, spreading the spaced-apart grains into a single layer. The combined action of the sheaves and spreading scraper 11 creates a sparse, single-layered distribution of the grains on conveyor belt 28, preventing obstruction between grains and facilitating subsequent image acquisition by industrial camera 13.

[0069] After the conveyor belt 28 reaches the shooting area of ​​the industrial camera 13, the industrial camera 13 captures images of the grains on the conveyor belt 28. To avoid overlapping or missing images during the image capture process, the camera trigger period T must be equal to the time t required for the grains to move to the edge of the camera's field of view, i.e., T = t. Where l is the length of the camera's field of view, n2 is the speed of the conveyor belt driving wheel, and r is the radius of the conveyor belt driving wheel. The camera trigger period can be set according to the speed of the conveyor belt driving wheel. After the grain image is collected, the controller uses image conversion, threshold segmentation, feature extraction, contour edge extraction and other methods to obtain the morphological characteristics of the broken grains, and then calculate the proportion of broken grains. The image recognition technology used in the present invention is a common and effective image processing technology and will not be elaborated in detail. After M measurements, the broken rate of grain in the grain box is obtained. Where M is the number of measurements.

[0070] (3) Impurity content correction

[0071] The grains that fall into the collection box 26 still contain some impurities. This impurity can be identified in the image recognition process to obtain the impurity rate A. 杂质2 , then the impurity rate of grain in the grain box is A 杂质 for:

[0072] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring the impurity content and breakage rate of grain in a harvester grain tank, characterized in that: include: The grain weighing box has a debris box on one side. Both the grain weighing box and the debris box are equipped with weighing sensors and a flippable fixed plate. A load plate is provided between the fixed plate and the weighing sensor. The debris rate is calculated by detecting the mass of the grains and debris. A collection box is provided at the bottom of the grain weighing box, and a grooved wheel conveying mechanism is provided at the bottom of the collection box. A conveyor belt is provided below the grooved wheel conveying mechanism and an industrial camera is provided at the end thereof. A spreading scraper is provided above the conveyor belt between the industrial camera and the grooved wheel conveying mechanism, so that the industrial camera can detect the single-layer crushing of the grains. The screening mechanism includes an arc-shaped impurity removal screen arranged above the grain weighing box, and a combing and brushing mechanism is provided above the end of the impurity removal screen for spreading the grain mixture on the impurity removal screen and discharging the impurities on the impurity removal screen into the impurity box; The grain weighing box, the waste box, the screening mechanism and the conveyor belt are installed inside the shell. The top of the shell is open, and a temporary storage box is provided at the opening. The temporary storage box is located directly above the screening mechanism, and includes a flap at its bottom, an electromagnetic fixing pin is provided on one side of the flap, and a full switch is provided on the inner wall of the temporary storage box. When the grains are full, the flap is turned over by the temporary storage box motor to discharge the grains downward to the screening mechanism. A fan is provided on the side of the shell, and the fan is provided corresponding to the impurity removal screen. The end of the impurity removal screen is provided close to the impurity box, and a retractable baffle is provided at the end of the impurity removal screen. The conveyor belt is arranged horizontally and the front end is arranged below the groove wheel conveying mechanism. The grains are intermittently output to the conveyor belt through the groove wheel conveying mechanism. After the grains pass through the spreading scraper, the spaced grains are spread into a single layer distribution state. In order to avoid overlapping or missing images in the image acquisition process, the camera trigger cycle must be equal to the time required for the grains to move to the boundary length of the camera field of view.

2. A device for monitoring the impurity content and breakage rate of grain in a harvester grain tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grain weighing box and the miscellaneous box are arranged in parallel.

3. The device for monitoring the impurity content and breakage rate of grain in a harvester grain tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combing and brushing mechanism is arranged above the baffle and includes a combing and brushing motor fixed on the inner side of the shell. The combing and brushing motor is connected to the push-pull rod in a crank rocker manner. The push-pull rod is connected to the rubber comb teeth, so that the rubber comb teeth reciprocate on the surface of the impurity removal screen.

4. The device for monitoring the impurity content and breakage rate of grain in a harvester grain tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weighing sensors of the grain weighing box and the debris box are fixedly connected between a fixed plate and a carrying plate. The carrying plate is used to receive grains or debris. The fixed plate drives the carrying plate to flip through a flip motor. A fixing mechanism is provided on one side of the fixed plate.

5. The device for monitoring the impurity content and breakage rate of grain in a harvester grain tank according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner walls of the grain weighing box and the debris box are both provided with photoelectric sensors for changing the state of the screening mechanism according to the falling state of the grains.

6. The device for monitoring the impurity content and breakage rate of grain in a harvester grain tank according to claim 2, characterized in that: A sheave conveying mechanism is provided at the bottom of the collecting box, and a drop guide tube is provided below the sheave conveying mechanism.

7. The device for monitoring the impurity content and breakage rate of grain in a harvester grain tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the spreading scraper and the conveyor belt is adapted to the height of a grain.

8. A method for monitoring the impurity content and breakage rate of grain in a harvester grain tank, characterized in that: The monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used, comprising the following steps: When the temporary storage box is full of kernels, the full switch is triggered, and the flap rotates to make the kernels fall onto the impurity removal screen. The rubber comb teeth spread the kernels, separating the kernels from the impurities and dropping them into the seed weighing box. The combing and brushing mechanism discharges the impurities into the impurity box, and the impurity content is calculated by testing the mass of the kernels and impurities. After the grains are weighed, the fixed plate rotates to open the bottom of the grain weighing box, and the grains enter the collection box. The grains are intermittently output to the conveyor belt through the grooved wheel conveying mechanism. After the grains pass through the spreading scraper, they are divided into The grains on the cloth are distributed in a single layer. The industrial camera collects images of the passing grains. After the grain images are collected, they are processed to obtain the morphological characteristics of the broken grains, and then the grain breakage rate is calculated.

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