Wheel-side planetary reduction driving device having variable transmission ratio

Abstract

A wheel-side planetary reduction driving device having a variable transmission ratio. The wheel-side planetary reduction driving device comprises an outer housing (1), and a first clutch (2), a second clutch (3), a speed reducer (4) and a transmission shaft (5) that are installed in the outer housing (1); the speed reducer (4) comprises a central gear (41), a plurality of planet gears (42), a planet carrier (43), and a speed reducer housing (44); the central gear (41) is in shaft connection with the transmission shaft (5); the interior of the speed reducer housing (44) is provided with a ring gear; the plurality of planet gears (42) are installed between the central gear (41) and the speed reducer housing (44) by means of the planet carrier (43), and are each externally meshed with the central gear (41) and internally meshed with the ring gear; the first clutch (2) is installed between the outer housing (1) and the speed reducer housing (44), and is used for locking or unlocking between the outer housing (1) and the speed reducer housing (44); the second clutch (3) is installed between the speed reducer housing (44) and the transmission shaft (5), and is used for locking or unlocking between the speed reducer housing (44) and the transmission shaft (5). By providing the first clutch (2) and the second clutch (3), the transmission ratio of the wheel-side planetary reduction driving device is variable, so that the requirements of different speeds and different traction forces of the vehicle are met, improving the adaptability.

Description

Wheel-side planetary reduction drive with variable transmission ratio

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application CN202410313959.4, filed on March 19, 2024. This application incorporates the entire text of the aforementioned Chinese patent application. Technical Field

[0002] The invention relates to a wheel-side planetary reduction drive device with variable transmission ratio. Background Art

[0003] The existing fixed wheel-side reducer cannot adjust the transmission ratio and cannot meet the requirements of mining heavy trucks, loaders, tractors and other driving equipment for a large range of speed and traction changes.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defect that the transmission ratio of the wheel-side reducer in the prior art cannot be adjusted, and to provide a wheel-side planetary reduction drive device with a variable transmission ratio.

[0006] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A planetary reduction drive device with a variable transmission ratio comprises a housing and a first clutch, a second clutch, a reducer and a transmission shaft installed in the housing.

[0008] The reducer includes a central wheel, a plurality of planetary wheels, a planetary carrier, and a reducer housing. The central wheel shaft is connected to the transmission shaft. The reducer housing has a ring gear inside. The plurality of planetary wheels are installed between the central wheel and the reducer housing through the planetary carrier, and are respectively engaged with the outer side of the central wheel and the inner side of the ring gear.

[0009] The first clutch is installed between the housing and the reducer housing and is used to lock or unlock the housing and the reducer housing;

[0010] The second clutch is installed between the reducer housing and the transmission shaft, and is used for locking or unlocking the reducer housing and the transmission shaft.

[0011] In this solution, the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device adjusts the transmission ratio between the input end (drive shaft) and the output end (planetary carrier) by setting a first clutch to lock or unlock the outer shell and the reducer housing, and setting a second clutch to lock or unlock the reducer housing and the drive shaft, so as to meet the different speeds and different traction requirements of the vehicle and increase adaptability.

[0012] When the first clutch and the second clutch are both in the locked state, the transmission shaft, the reducer housing and the outer shell are locked with each other, and the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device is in the braking state.

[0013] When the first clutch is in the locked state and the second clutch is in the unlocked state, the reducer housing and the outer shell are locked, and the reducer housing and the transmission shaft are unlocked. The transmission shaft rotates, driving the center wheel of the reducer to rotate, the center wheel drives the planetary wheels to rotate, and the planetary wheels drive the planetary carrier to reduce the output. The transmission ratio of the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device is the transmission ratio of the reducer (number of teeth on the ring gear / number of teeth on the center wheel + 1).

[0014] When the first clutch is in the unlocked state and the second clutch is in the locked state, the reducer housing and the outer shell are unlocked, and the reducer housing and the transmission shaft are locked. At this time, the reducer's center wheel, planetary gears and reducer housing are locked to each other, and the transmission shaft rotates, driving the reducer housing to rotate together. At this time, the transmission ratio of the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device is 1.

[0015] When the first clutch and the second clutch are both in the unlocked state, the transmission shaft, the reducer housing and the outer shell are all in the unlocked state, the reducer does not output a rotational speed, and the transmission shaft idles.

[0016] Preferably, the first clutch comprises:

[0017] a plurality of first dynamic friction plates and first static friction plates arranged at intervals, wherein the first dynamic friction plates are sleeved on and connected to the reducer housing, and the first static friction plates are connected to the inner wall surface of the housing;

[0018] a first piston slidably disposed in the housing for pressing the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate or releasing the force applied to the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate, a first oil cylinder being formed between the first piston and the housing, and the first oil cylinder being connected to an oil pump through a pipeline;

[0019] an elastic element, disposed between the housing and the first piston, and applying a force that causes the first piston to press the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate;

[0020] The second clutch comprises:

[0021] a plurality of second dynamic friction plates and second static friction plates arranged at intervals, wherein the second dynamic friction plates are sleeved on and connected to the transmission shaft, and the second static friction plates are connected to the inner wall surface of the reducer housing;

[0022] When the oil pump injects oil into the first oil cylinder, the first piston slides in the direction away from the first dynamic friction plate, squeezing the elastic element and releasing the force on the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate. At the same time, the first piston drives the transmission shaft to move, so that the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate are pressed against each other.

[0023] In this solution, the initial state of the first clutch is a locked state, and the initial state of the second clutch is an unlocked state.

[0024] When the oil pump is not pumping oil into the first cylinder, the preload force of the elastic element compresses the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate through the first piston, locking the reducer housing and the outer shell. The first clutch is locked, while the second clutch is unlocked. At this time, the wheel-side planetary reduction drive outputs the reducer's transmission ratio (number of ring gear teeth / number of center gear teeth + 1). When the oil pump pumps oil into the first cylinder, the first piston moves, compressing the elastic element and releasing the force on the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate, unlocking the reducer housing and the outer shell. This unlocks the first clutch. Simultaneously, the first piston drives the drive shaft to move, pressing the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate against each other, locking the reducer housing and the drive shaft. This locks the second clutch. At this time, the transmission ratio of the wheel-side planetary reduction drive is 1.

[0025] It can be seen that by injecting oil into the first oil cylinder through the oil pump, the states of the first clutch and the second clutch can be changed, thereby adjusting the transmission ratio, and the operation is simple and convenient.

[0026] Preferably, the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device also includes a bearing, the first piston is sleeved on and connected to the bearing, the bearing is sleeved on and connected to the transmission shaft, the transmission shaft includes a shaft body and a clamping piece, the clamping piece is sleeved on and connected to the shaft body, the clamping piece is arranged corresponding to the second dynamic friction plate or the second static friction plate, and the outer edge of the clamping piece is used to clamp the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate.

[0027] In this solution, the first piston drives the bearing to move, which in turn drives the drive shaft to move. The drive shaft then drives the pressing member to compress or release the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate. When the pressing member moves toward the second dynamic friction plate, the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate are pressed against each other. When the pressing member moves away from the second dynamic friction plate, the pressing force applied to the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate is released.

[0028] Preferably, the first clutch comprises:

[0029] a plurality of first dynamic friction plates and first static friction plates arranged at intervals, wherein the first dynamic friction plates are sleeved on and connected to the reducer housing, and the first static friction plates are connected to the inner wall surface of the housing;

[0030] a first piston slidably disposed inside the housing, the first piston being used to press the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate against each other when sliding in a direction approaching the first dynamic friction plate, and being used to release the force applied to the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate when sliding in a direction away from the first dynamic friction plate;

[0031] an elastic element, disposed between the housing and the first piston, and applying a force to move the first piston away from the first dynamic friction plate;

[0032] The second clutch comprises:

[0033] a plurality of second dynamic friction plates and second static friction plates arranged at intervals, wherein the second dynamic friction plates are sleeved on and connected to the transmission shaft, and the second static friction plates are connected to the inner wall surface of the reducer housing;

[0034] A second piston is slidably disposed inside the housing and is used to compress the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate or release the force applied to the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate. A first oil cylinder is formed between the first piston, the second piston and the housing, and the first oil cylinder is connected to the oil pump through a pipeline.

[0035] a clutch rod, passing through and slidingly disposed inside the reducer housing, one end of the clutch rod being connected to the second piston, and the other end of the clutch rod being used to press the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate together when sliding in a direction approaching the second dynamic friction plate;

[0036] an elastic component, disposed between the reducer housing and the clutch rod, and exerting a force that causes the clutch rod to press the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate against each other;

[0037] When the oil pump injects oil into the first oil cylinder, the first piston slides in a direction close to the elastic element and squeezes the elastic element, the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate, so that the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate are compressed. At the same time, the second piston moves in a direction away from the first piston and drives the clutch rod to squeeze the elastic component, so that the force of the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate is released.

[0038] In this solution, the initial state of the first clutch is an unlocked state, and the initial state of the second clutch is a locked state.

[0039] When there is no oil in the first cylinder, the elastic element exerts a force to move the first piston away from the first dynamic friction plate, and the first clutch is in an unlocked state, that is, the reducer housing and the outer shell are unlocked; at the same time, the elastic force of the elastic component presses the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate through the clutch rod, and the second clutch is in a locked state, that is, the reducer housing and the transmission shaft are locked, and the transmission shaft and the reducer rotate together. At this time, the transmission ratio of the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device is 1.

[0040] When the oil pump injects oil into the first oil cylinder, the first piston overcomes the elastic force of the elastic element and presses the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate, and the reducer housing and the outer shell are locked. At the same time, the second piston drives the clutch rod to overcome the elastic force of the elastic component and releases the force applied to the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate, and the reducer housing and the transmission shaft are unlocked. At this time, the transmission ratio is the transmission ratio of the reducer.

[0041] Preferably, the clutch rod has a protruding pressing portion at one end close to the elastic component, one side of the pressing portion is used to connect to the elastic component, and the other side of the pressing portion is used to press the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate against each other.

[0042] In this solution, the above-mentioned structural arrangement is adopted, so that the pressing portion of the clutch rod presses the elastic component when it moves to one side, and presses the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate when it moves to the other side.

[0043] Preferably, the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device further includes a sealing ring, wherein the sealing ring is provided between the first piston and the housing, and the sealing ring is provided between the second piston and the housing.

[0044] In this solution, a sealing ring is provided to prevent oil leakage between the first piston and the housing, and between the second piston and the housing.

[0045] Preferably, the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device further includes a separator, and the separator is arranged between the first piston and the second piston.

[0046] In this solution, the separator separates the first piston and the second piston to retain the first oil cylinder between the first piston and the second piston, preventing the first piston and the second piston from approaching each other, thereby eliminating the first oil cylinder between the two, resulting in the inability to add oil to the first oil cylinder later.

[0047] Preferably, the first clutch and the second clutch are associated with each other, and when the first clutch is in a locked state, the second clutch is in an unlocked state; or when the first clutch is in an unlocked state, the second clutch is in a locked state.

[0048] In this solution, the above-mentioned structural setting is adopted to make the states of the first clutch and the second clutch always opposite, preventing the states of the first clutch and the second clutch from being the same, and avoiding the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device from being idling or braking.

[0049] Preferably, the first clutch comprises:

[0050] a plurality of first dynamic friction plates and first static friction plates arranged at intervals, wherein the first dynamic friction plates are sleeved on and connected to the reducer housing, and the first static friction plates are connected to the inner wall surface of the housing;

[0051] A first piston is slidably disposed inside the housing. A first oil cylinder is formed between the first piston and the housing. The first oil cylinder is connected to a first oil pump through a pipeline. When the first piston slides in a direction approaching the first dynamic friction plate, it is used to press the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate against each other. When the first piston slides in a direction away from the first dynamic friction plate, it is used to release the force applied to the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate.

[0052] an elastic element, disposed between the housing and the first piston, and applying a force that causes the first piston to press the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate;

[0053] The second clutch comprises:

[0054] a plurality of second dynamic friction plates and second static friction plates arranged at intervals, wherein the second dynamic friction plates are sleeved on and connected to the transmission shaft, and the second static friction plates are connected to the inner wall surface of the reducer housing;

[0055] A second piston is slidably disposed inside the housing and is used to compress the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate or release the force applied to the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate. A second oil cylinder is formed between the second piston and the housing, and the second oil cylinder is connected to a second oil pump through a pipeline.

[0056] a clutch rod, passing through and slidingly disposed inside the reducer housing, one end of the clutch rod being connected to the second piston, and the other end of the clutch rod being used to press the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate together when sliding in a direction approaching the second dynamic friction plate;

[0057] The elastic component is arranged between the reducer housing and the clutch rod, and applies a force that causes the clutch rod to press the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate against each other.

[0058] In this solution, the initial states of the first clutch and the second clutch are both locked.

[0059] State 1: When the first oil cylinder and the second oil cylinder are not filled with oil, the first clutch and the second clutch are both in the locked state, the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device has no output and is in the braking state.

[0060] State 2: When the first cylinder is not filled with oil and the second cylinder is filled with oil, the first clutch is locked and the second clutch switches from locked to unlocked. At this time, the reducer housing and outer shell are locked, and the reducer housing and drive shaft are unlocked. The drive shaft outputs through the reducer, and the transmission ratio of the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device is the transmission ratio of the reducer.

[0061] State 3: When the first cylinder is filled with oil and the second cylinder is not, the first clutch switches from locked to unlocked, while the second clutch remains locked. At this point, the reducer housing and outer shell are unlocked, while the reducer housing and drive shaft are locked. The drive shaft drives the reducer in rotation, and the gear ratio of the wheel-side planetary reduction drive is 1.

[0062] State 4: When both the first and second cylinders are filled with oil, the first clutch switches from a locked state to an unlocked state, and the second clutch switches from a locked state to an unlocked state. The entire reducer is in a neutral state, and after the transmission shaft rotates, the reducer does not output.

[0063] On the basis of conforming to the common sense in this field, the above-mentioned preferred conditions can be arbitrarily combined to obtain the preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0064] The positive progressive effect of the present invention is that the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device adjusts the transmission ratio between the input end (drive shaft) and the output end (planetary carrier) by setting a first clutch to lock or unlock the outer shell and the reducer housing, and setting a second clutch to lock or unlock the reducer housing and the drive shaft, so as to meet the different speeds and different traction requirements of the vehicle and increase adaptability.

[0065] When the first clutch and the second clutch are both in the locked state, the transmission shaft, the reducer housing and the outer shell are locked with each other, and the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device is in the braking state.

[0066] When the first clutch is in the locked state and the second clutch is in the unlocked state, the reducer housing and the outer shell are locked, and the reducer housing and the transmission shaft are unlocked. The transmission shaft rotates, driving the center wheel of the reducer to rotate, the center wheel drives the planetary wheels to rotate, and the planetary wheels drive the planetary carrier to reduce the output. The transmission ratio of the reducer (number of teeth on the ring gear / number of teeth on the center wheel + 1) is the transmission ratio of the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device.

[0067] When the first clutch is in the unlocked state and the second clutch is in the locked state, the reducer housing and the outer shell are unlocked, and the reducer housing and the transmission shaft are locked. At this time, the center wheel, planetary gears and reducer housing of the reducer are locked to each other, and the transmission shaft rotates, driving the reducer housing to rotate together. At this time, the transmission ratio is 1.

[0068] When the first clutch and the second clutch are both in the unlocked state, the transmission shaft, the reducer housing and the outer shell are all in the unlocked state, the reducer does not output a rotational speed, and the transmission shaft idles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0069] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of a wheel-side planetary reduction drive device with a variable transmission ratio according to Example 1 of the present invention.

[0070] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of a wheel-side planetary reduction drive device with a variable transmission ratio according to Example 2 of the present invention.

[0071] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the variable transmission ratio wheel-side planetary reduction drive device according to Example 3 of the present invention.

[0072] FIG4 is a second partial structural diagram of the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device with variable transmission ratio according to Example 3 of the present invention.

[0073] Explanation of the reference numerals: Housing 1 First clutch 2 First dynamic friction plate 21, first static friction plate 22, first piston 23, elastic element 24, first oil cylinder 25 Second clutch 3 Second dynamic friction plate 31, second static friction plate 32, second piston 33, clutch lever 34, pressing portion 341, elastic component 35, second oil cylinder 36 Reducer 4 Center gear 41 Planetary gear 42 Planetary carrier 43 Reducer housing 44 Transmission shaft 5 Shaft body 51 Pressing member 52 Bearing 8 Sealing ring 9 Separator 10 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] The present invention is further described below by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the examples.

[0075] All wheel-mounted planetary reduction drive systems typically have hydraulic or electric motor drives, which inherently provide self-braking capabilities during operation. However, for safety reasons, all vehicle operating standards stipulate that vehicle wheels must be equipped with operating brakes for emergency safety braking in the event of hydraulic or electric motor failure to ensure reliable operation. Because the inertial force is significant during emergency braking, the braking torque at the final stage of the transmission must be greater than or equal to the final stage output torque. Furthermore, to accommodate different vehicle operating conditions, the drive system must be able to provide different rotational ratios. For example, a vehicle requires the fastest possible speed on flat ground, while climbing steep slopes requires high traction but low speed. Current variable hydraulic motors or servo motors with continuously variable speed functions inherently offer speed regulation capabilities that cannot meet diverse transmission ratio requirements.

[0076] As shown in Figures 1 to 4, this embodiment discloses a wheel-side planetary reduction drive device with a variable transmission ratio. The wheel-side planetary reduction drive device includes a housing 1 and a first clutch 2, a second clutch 3, a reducer 4 and a transmission shaft 5 installed in the housing 1. The reducer 4 includes a center wheel 41, multiple planetary wheels 42, a planetary carrier 43 and a reducer housing 44. The center wheel 41 is axially connected to the transmission shaft 5. The reducer housing 44 has a ring gear inside. The multiple planetary wheels 42 are installed between the center wheel 41 and the reducer housing 44 through the planetary carrier 43, and are respectively engaged with the outside of the center wheel 41 and the inside of the ring gear. The first clutch 2 is installed between the housing 1 and the reducer housing 44, and is used to lock or unlock the housing 1 and the reducer housing 44. The second clutch 3 is installed between the reducer housing 44 and the transmission shaft 5, and is used to lock or unlock the reducer housing 44 and the transmission shaft 5. The wheel-side planetary reduction drive device adjusts the transmission ratio between the input end (transmission shaft 5) and the output end (planetary carrier 43) by setting a first clutch 2 to lock or unlock the outer shell 1 and the reducer housing 44, and setting a second clutch 3 to lock or unlock the reducer housing 44 and the transmission shaft 5, so as to meet the different speeds and different traction requirements of the vehicle and increase adaptability.

[0077] For example, in state 1, when the first clutch 2 and the second clutch 3 are both in the locked state, the transmission shaft 5, the reducer housing 44 and the outer shell 1 are locked with each other, and the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device is in the braking state.

[0078] State 2: When the first clutch 2 is in the locked state and the second clutch 3 is in the unlocked state, the reducer housing 44 and the outer shell 1 are locked, and the reducer housing 44 and the transmission shaft 5 are unlocked. The transmission shaft 5 rotates, driving the center wheel 41 of the reducer 4 to rotate, and the center wheel 41 drives the planetary gears 42 to rotate, and the planetary gears 42 drive the planetary carrier 43 to reduce the output. The transmission ratio of the reducer 4 (the number of teeth of the ring gear / the number of teeth of the center wheel + 1) is the transmission ratio of the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device.

[0079] State 3: When the first clutch 2 is in the unlocked state and the second clutch 3 is in the locked state, the reducer housing 44 and the outer shell 1 are unlocked, and the reducer housing 44 and the transmission shaft 5 are locked. At this time, the center wheel 41, the planetary gear 42 and the reducer housing 44 of the reducer 4 are locked to each other, and the transmission shaft 5 rotates, driving the reducer 4 to rotate together. At this time, the transmission ratio of the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device is 1.

[0080] State 4: When the first clutch 2 and the second clutch 3 are both in the unlocked state, the transmission shaft 5, the reducer housing 44 and the outer shell 1 are all in the unlocked state, the reducer 4 does not output speed, and the transmission shaft 5 idles.

[0081] Example 1

[0082] As shown in Figure 1, in this embodiment, the initial state of the first clutch 2 is locked, and the initial state of the second clutch 3 is unlocked. The first clutch 2 and the second clutch 3 are interrelated. When the first clutch 2 is locked, the second clutch 3 is unlocked; or when the first clutch 2 is unlocked, the second clutch 3 is locked. This ensures that the states of the first clutch 2 and the second clutch 3 are always opposite, preventing the first clutch 2 and the second clutch 3 from being in the same state, thereby preventing the speed reducer 4 from being unloaded or braking.

[0083] As shown in Figure 1, the first clutch 2 includes a first dynamic friction plate 21, a first static friction plate 22, a first piston 23, and an elastic element 24. The first piston 23 slides within the housing 1. A first oil cylinder 25 is formed between the first piston 23 and the housing 1 and is connected to the oil pump via a pipeline. The first dynamic friction plate 21 is sleeved and connected to the reducer housing 44, while the first static friction plate 22 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 1. The elastic element 24 is positioned between the housing 1 and the first piston 23, exerting a force that causes the first piston 23 to compress the first dynamic friction plate 21 and the first static friction plate 22. Multiple first dynamic friction plates 21 and first static friction plates 22 are spaced apart to enhance the locking effect.

[0084] As shown in Figure 1, the second clutch 3 includes a second dynamic friction plate 31 and a second static friction plate 32. The second dynamic friction plate 31 is sleeved on and connected to the transmission shaft 5, and the second static friction plate 32 is connected to the inner wall surface of the reducer housing 44. Multiple dynamic friction plates and second static friction plates 32 are arranged at intervals to improve the locking effect.

[0085] When the oil pump injects oil into the first oil cylinder 25, the first piston 23 slides away from the first dynamic friction plate 21, squeezing the elastic element 24 and releasing the force on the first dynamic friction plate 21 and the first static friction plate 22. At the same time, the first piston 23 drives the transmission shaft 5 to move, so that the second dynamic friction plate 31 and the second static friction plate 32 are pressed against each other.

[0086] When no oil is added to the first oil cylinder 25, the preload of the elastic element 24 compresses the first dynamic friction plate 21 and the first static friction plate 22 through the first piston 23, locking the reducer housing 44 and the outer shell 1. The first clutch 2 is locked, while the second clutch 3 is unlocked. At this time, the planetary reduction drive outputs through the reducer 4, and the transmission ratio of the planetary reduction drive is equal to the transmission ratio of the reducer 4 (number of ring gear teeth / number of center gear teeth + 1). When the oil pump fills the first oil cylinder 25, the first piston 23 moves leftward, compressing the elastic element 24 and releasing the force on the first dynamic friction plate 21 and the first static friction plate 22, unlocking the reducer housing 44 and the outer shell 1. This unlocks the first clutch 2. Simultaneously, the first piston 23 drives the transmission shaft 5 to move, pressing the second dynamic friction plate 31 and the second static friction plate 32 against each other, locking the reducer housing 44 and the transmission shaft 5. This locks the second clutch 3. At this time, the transmission shaft 5 drives the reducer 4 to rotate together, and the transmission ratio of the planetary reduction drive is 1.

[0087] As shown in Figure 1, the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device further includes a bearing 8. The first piston 23 is mounted on and connected to the bearing 8. The bearing 8 is mounted on and connected to the transmission shaft 5. The transmission shaft 5 includes a shaft body 51 and a pressing member 52. The pressing member 52 is mounted on and connected to the shaft body 51. The pressing member 52 is positioned corresponding to the second dynamic friction plate 31 or the second static friction plate 32. The outer edge of the pressing member 52 is used to compress the second dynamic friction plate 31 and the second static friction plate 32. When oil is injected into the first oil cylinder 25, the first piston 23 drives the bearing 8 to move, which in turn drives the transmission shaft 5 to move. The transmission shaft 5 drives the pressing member 52 to compress or release the second dynamic friction plate 31 and the second static friction plate 32. When the pressing member 52 moves toward the second dynamic friction plate 31, it compresses the second dynamic friction plate 31 and the second static friction plate 32. When the pressing member 52 moves away from the second dynamic friction plate 31, it releases the compressive force applied to the second dynamic friction plate 31 and the second static friction plate 32.

[0088] It can be seen that by injecting oil into the first oil cylinder 25 through the oil pump, the states of the first clutch 2 and the second clutch 3 can be changed, thereby adjusting the transmission ratio, and the operation is simple and convenient.

[0089] Example 2

[0090] As shown in Figure 2, this embodiment is essentially the same as Embodiment 1, differing in that the initial state of first clutch 2 is unlocked, while the initial state of second clutch 3 is locked. First clutch 2 and second clutch 3 are interrelated and in different states, ensuring that the states of first clutch 2 and second clutch 3 are always opposite. This prevents the first clutch 2 and second clutch 3 from being in the same state, thus preventing the speed reducer 4 from being unloaded or braking. For example, when first clutch 2 is locked, second clutch 3 is unlocked; conversely, when first clutch 2 is unlocked, second clutch 3 is locked.

[0091] As shown in Figure 2, the first clutch 2 includes a first dynamic friction plate 21, a first static friction plate 22, a first piston 23, and an elastic element 24. The first dynamic friction plate 21 is mounted on and connected to the reducer housing 44, while the first static friction plate 22 is connected to the inner wall of the outer shell 1. Multiple first dynamic friction plates 21 and first static friction plates 22 are spaced apart to enhance the locking effect. The first piston 23 is slidably mounted within the outer shell 1. When the first piston 23 slides toward the first dynamic friction plate 21, it presses the first dynamic friction plate 21 and the first static friction plate 22 together. When the first piston 23 slides away from the first dynamic friction plate 21, it releases the force acting on the first dynamic friction plate 21 and the first static friction plate 22. The elastic element 24 is disposed between the outer shell 1 and the first piston 23, exerting a force that forces the first piston 23 away from the first dynamic friction plate 21.

[0092] As shown in FIG2 , the second clutch 3 includes a plurality of spaced-apart second dynamic friction plates 31 and second static friction plates 32, a second piston 33, a clutch rod 34, and an elastic member 35. The second dynamic friction plates 31 are sleeved and connected to the transmission shaft 5, the second static friction plates 32 are connected to the inner wall of the reducer housing 44, and the second piston 33 is slidably mounted within the housing 1. A first oil cylinder 25 is formed between the first and second pistons 23, 33, and the housing 1. The first oil cylinder 25 is connected to the oil pump via a pipeline. The clutch rod 34 passes through and slides within the reducer housing 44. One end of the clutch rod 34 is connected to the second piston 33, and the other end of the clutch rod 34 is used to compress the second dynamic friction plates 31 and the second static friction plates 32 when sliding toward the second dynamic friction plates 31. The elastic member 35 is disposed between the reducer housing 44 and the clutch rod 34, exerting a force that causes the clutch rod 34 to compress the second dynamic friction plates 31 and the second static friction plates 32 against each other.

[0093] When the oil pump injects oil into the first oil cylinder 25, the first piston 23 slides in the direction close to the elastic element 24 and squeezes the elastic element 24, the first dynamic friction plate 21 and the first static friction plate 22. The first dynamic friction plate 21 and the first static friction plate 22 are compressed. At the same time, the second piston 33 moves in the direction away from the first piston 23 and drives the clutch rod 34 to squeeze the elastic component 35, so that the force of the second dynamic friction plate 31 and the second static friction plate 32 is released.

[0094] When no oil is injected into the first oil cylinder 25, the elastic element 24 causes the first piston 23 to move away from the force of the first dynamic friction plate 21, and the first clutch 2 is in an unlocked state, that is, the reducer housing 44 and the outer shell 1 are unlocked; at the same time, the elastic component 35 uses elastic force to press the second dynamic friction plate 31 and the second static friction plate 32 through the clutch rod 34, and the second clutch 3 is in a locked state, that is, the reducer housing 44 and the transmission shaft 5 are locked, and the transmission shaft 5 and the reducer 4 rotate together. At this time, the transmission ratio of the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device is 1.

[0095] When the oil pump injects oil into the first oil cylinder 25, the first piston 23 overcomes the elastic force of the elastic element 24, presses the first dynamic friction plate 21 and the first static friction plate 22, and the reducer housing 44 and the outer shell 1 are locked. At the same time, the second piston 33 drives the clutch rod 34 to overcome the elastic force of the elastic component 35, and at the same time releases the force applied to the second dynamic friction plate 31 and the second static friction plate 32, and the reducer housing 44 and the transmission shaft 5 are unlocked. At this time, the transmission ratio of the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device is the transmission ratio of the reducer 4.

[0096] As shown in Figure 2, the clutch lever 34 has a raised pressing portion 341 at one end near the elastic member 35. One side of the pressing portion 341 is used to connect to the elastic member 35, and the other side of the pressing portion 341 is used to press the second dynamic friction plate 31 and the second static friction plate 32 against each other. When the pressing portion 341 of the clutch lever 34 moves to one side, it presses the elastic member 35. When it moves to the other side, it presses the second dynamic friction plate 31 and the second static friction plate 32 against each other.

[0097] As shown in Figure 2, the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device also includes a sealing ring 9. A sealing ring 9 is provided between the first piston 23 and the housing 1, and a sealing ring 9 is provided between the second piston 33 and the housing 1 to prevent oil leakage between the first piston 23 and the housing 1, and between the second piston 33 and the housing 1.

[0098] As shown in FIG2 , the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device further includes a separator 10, which is disposed between the first piston 23 and the second piston 33. The separator 10 separates the first piston 23 and the second piston 33, thereby retaining the first oil cylinder 25 between the first piston 23 and the second piston 33. This prevents the first piston 23 and the second piston 33 from approaching each other, thereby eliminating the first oil cylinder 25 between them and making it impossible to inject oil into the first oil cylinder 25 later.

[0099] Example 3

[0100] As shown in FIG3 and FIG4 , this embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 2, except that the initial state of the first clutch 2 is a locked state, and the initial state of the second clutch 3 is a locked state.

[0101] The first clutch 2 includes a plurality of first dynamic friction plates 21 and first static friction plates 22 spaced apart from each other, a first piston 23, and an elastic element 24. The first dynamic friction plates 21 are sleeved and connected to the reducer housing 44, the first static friction plates 22 are connected to the inner wall of the housing 1, and the first piston 23 is slidably mounted within the housing 1. A first oil cylinder 25 is formed between the first piston 23 and the housing 1 and is connected to a first oil pump via a pipeline. When the first piston 23 slides toward the first dynamic friction plates 21, it presses the first dynamic friction plates 21 and the first static friction plates 22 together. The elastic element 24 is disposed between the housing 1 and the first piston 23 and applies a force that compresses the first piston 23 against the first dynamic friction plates 21 and the first static friction plates 22. When oil is injected into the first oil cylinder 25, the first piston 23 slides away from the first dynamic friction plates 21, overcoming the force of the elastic element 24 and releasing the force applied to the first dynamic friction plates 21 and the first static friction plates 22. When the oil in the first oil cylinder 25 is released, the force acting on the first piston 23 is eliminated, and the elastic force of the elastic element 24 causes the first piston 23 to slide rightward, pressing the first dynamic friction plate 21 and the first static friction plate 22 tightly.

[0102] As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the second clutch 3 includes a plurality of spaced-apart second dynamic friction plates 31 and second static friction plates 32, a second piston 33, a clutch rod 34, and an elastic member 35. The second dynamic friction plates 31 are sleeved and connected to the transmission shaft 5, the second static friction plates 32 are connected to the inner wall of the reducer housing 44, and the second piston 33 is slidably mounted within the housing 1. A second oil cylinder 36 is formed between the second piston 33 and the housing 1, and is connected to the second oil pump via a pipeline. The clutch rod 34 extends through and slides within the reducer housing 44. One end of the clutch rod 34 is connected to the second piston 33, and the other end of the clutch rod 34 is used to compress the second dynamic friction plates 31 and the second static friction plates 32 when sliding toward the second dynamic friction plates 31. The elastic member 35 is disposed between the reducer housing 44 and the clutch rod 34, exerting a force that causes the clutch rod 34 to compress the second dynamic friction plates 31 and the second static friction plates 32 against each other. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, when oil is added to the second oil cylinder 36, the second piston 33 slides leftward, driving the clutch rod 34 to move leftward, overcoming the elastic force of the elastic component 35. The protrusion at the right end of the clutch rod 34 presses the second dynamic friction plate 31 and the second static friction plate 32. When the oil in the second oil cylinder 36 is released, the force acting on the second piston 33 is eliminated. At the same time, the force acting on the clutch rod 34 by the second piston 33 is also eliminated. The clutch rod 34 slides rightward under the force of the elastic component 35, pressing the second dynamic friction plate 31 and the second static friction plate 32. At the same time, the clutch rod 34 drives the second piston 33 to slide rightward, causing the second piston 33 to return to its initial position.

[0103] In this embodiment, four states of the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device are obtained by switching between different states of the first clutch 2 and the second clutch 3 .

[0104] State 1: When the first oil cylinder 25 and the second oil cylinder 36 are not filled with oil, the first clutch 2 and the second clutch 3 are both in a locked state, the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device has no output and is in a braking state.

[0105] State 2: When the first oil cylinder 25 is not filled with oil and the second oil cylinder 36 is filled with oil, the first clutch 2 is locked, and the second clutch 3 is switched from the locked state to the unlocked state. At this time, the reducer housing 44 and the outer shell 1 are locked, and the reducer housing 44 and the transmission shaft 5 are unlocked. The transmission shaft 5 outputs through the reducer 4, and the transmission ratio of the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device is the transmission ratio of the reducer 4.

[0106] State 3: When the first oil cylinder 25 is filled with oil and the second oil cylinder 36 is not, the first clutch 2 switches from the locked state to the unlocked state, while the second clutch 3 remains locked. At this time, the reducer housing 44 and the outer shell 1 are unlocked, and the reducer housing 44 and the transmission shaft 5 are locked. The transmission shaft 5 drives the reducer 4 to rotate together, and the transmission ratio of the wheel-side planetary reduction drive device is 1.

[0107] State 4: When the first oil cylinder 25 and the second oil cylinder 36 are both filled with oil, the first clutch 2 is switched from the locked state to the unlocked state, and the second clutch 3 is switched from the locked state to the unlocked state. The entire reducer 4 is in the neutral state. After the transmission shaft 5 rotates, the reducer 4 does not output speed.

[0108] It can be seen that by controlling whether to inject oil into the first oil cylinder 25 and the second oil cylinder 36, the state of the first clutch 2 and the second clutch 3 can be changed, thereby adjusting the transmission ratio, which is simple and convenient to operate.

[0109] Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those skilled in the art will appreciate that these are merely illustrative and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principles and essence of the present invention, and such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planetary reduction drive device with a variable transmission ratio, characterized in that: It includes a housing and a first clutch, a second clutch, a speed reducer and a transmission shaft installed in the housing. The reducer includes a central wheel, a plurality of planetary wheels, a planetary carrier, and a reducer housing. The central wheel shaft is connected to the transmission shaft. The reducer housing has a ring gear inside. The plurality of planetary wheels are installed between the central wheel and the reducer housing through the planetary carrier, and are respectively engaged with the outer side of the central wheel and the inner side of the ring gear. The first clutch is installed between the housing and the reducer housing and is used to lock or unlock the housing and the reducer housing; The second clutch is installed between the reducer housing and the transmission shaft, and is used for locking or unlocking the reducer housing and the transmission shaft.

2. The variable transmission ratio wheel-side planetary reduction drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first clutch comprises: a plurality of first dynamic friction plates and first static friction plates arranged at intervals, wherein the first dynamic friction plates are sleeved on and connected to the reducer housing, and the first static friction plates are connected to the inner wall surface of the housing; a first piston slidably disposed in the housing for pressing the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate or releasing the force applied to the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate, a first oil cylinder being formed between the first piston and the housing, and the first oil cylinder being connected to an oil pump through a pipeline; an elastic element, disposed between the housing and the first piston, and applying a force that causes the first piston to press the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate; The second clutch comprises: a plurality of second dynamic friction plates and second static friction plates arranged at intervals, wherein the second dynamic friction plates are sleeved on and connected to the transmission shaft, and the second static friction plates are connected to the inner wall surface of the reducer housing; When the oil pump injects oil into the first oil cylinder, the first piston slides in the direction away from the first dynamic friction plate, squeezing the elastic element and releasing the force on the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate. At the same time, the first piston drives the transmission shaft to move, so that the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate are pressed against each other.

3. The variable transmission ratio wheel-side planetary reduction drive device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wheel-side planetary reduction drive device further includes a bearing, the first piston is sleeved on and connected to the bearing, and the bearing is sleeved on and connected to the transmission shaft. The transmission shaft includes a shaft body and a pressing piece, which is sleeved on and connected to the shaft body. The pressing piece is arranged corresponding to the second dynamic friction plate or the second static friction plate, and the outer edge of the pressing piece is used to press the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate.

4. The variable transmission ratio wheel-side planetary reduction drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first clutch comprises: A plurality of first dynamic friction plates and first static friction plates are arranged at intervals, wherein the first dynamic friction plates are sleeved and connected to the reducer housing, The first static friction plate is connected to the inner wall surface of the housing; a first piston slidably disposed inside the housing, the first piston being used to press the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate against each other when sliding in a direction approaching the first dynamic friction plate, and being used to release the force applied to the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate when sliding in a direction away from the first dynamic friction plate; an elastic element, disposed between the housing and the first piston, and applying a force to move the first piston away from the first dynamic friction plate; The second clutch comprises: a plurality of second dynamic friction plates and second static friction plates arranged at intervals, wherein the second dynamic friction plates are sleeved on and connected to the transmission shaft, and the second static friction plates are connected to the inner wall surface of the reducer housing; A second piston is slidably disposed inside the housing and is used to compress the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate or release the force applied to the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate. A first oil cylinder is formed between the first piston, the second piston and the housing, and the first oil cylinder is connected to the oil pump through a pipeline. a clutch rod, passing through and slidingly disposed inside the reducer housing, one end of the clutch rod being connected to the second piston, and the other end of the clutch rod being used to press the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate together when sliding in a direction approaching the second dynamic friction plate; an elastic component, disposed between the reducer housing and the clutch rod, and exerting a force that causes the clutch rod to press the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate against each other; When the oil pump injects oil into the first oil cylinder, the first piston slides in a direction close to the elastic element and squeezes the elastic element, the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate, so that the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate are compressed. At the same time, the second piston moves in a direction away from the first piston and drives the clutch rod to squeeze the elastic component, so that the force of the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate is released.

5. The variable transmission ratio wheel-side planetary reduction drive device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The clutch rod has a protruding pressing portion at one end close to the elastic component, one side of the pressing portion is used to connect to the elastic component, and the other side of the pressing portion is used to press the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate against each other.

6. The variable transmission ratio wheel-side planetary reduction drive device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The wheel-side planetary reduction drive device also includes a sealing ring. A sealing ring is provided between the first piston and the housing, and a sealing ring is provided between the second piston and the housing.

7. The variable transmission ratio wheel-side planetary reduction drive device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that: The wheel-side planetary reduction drive device further includes a separator, which is arranged between the first piston and the second piston.

8. The variable transmission ratio wheel-side planetary reduction drive device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The first clutch and the second clutch are associated with each other. When the first clutch is in a locked state, the second clutch is in an unlocked state; or when the first clutch is in an unlocked state, the second clutch is in a locked state.

9. The variable transmission ratio wheel-side planetary reduction drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first clutch comprises: a plurality of first dynamic friction plates and first static friction plates arranged at intervals, wherein the first dynamic friction plates are sleeved on and connected to the reducer housing, and the first static friction plates are connected to the inner wall surface of the housing; A first piston is slidably disposed inside the housing. A first oil cylinder is formed between the first piston and the housing. The first oil cylinder is connected to a first oil pump through a pipeline. When the first piston slides in a direction approaching the first dynamic friction plate, it is used to press the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate against each other. When the first piston slides in a direction away from the first dynamic friction plate, it is used to release the force applied to the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate. an elastic element, disposed between the housing and the first piston, and applying a force that causes the first piston to press the first dynamic friction plate and the first static friction plate; The second clutch comprises: a plurality of second dynamic friction plates and second static friction plates arranged at intervals, wherein the second dynamic friction plates are sleeved on and connected to the transmission shaft, and the second static friction plates are connected to the inner wall surface of the reducer housing; A second piston is slidably disposed inside the housing and is used to compress the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate or release the force applied to the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate. A second oil cylinder is formed between the second piston and the housing, and the second oil cylinder is connected to a second oil pump through a pipeline. a clutch rod, passing through and slidingly disposed inside the reducer housing, one end of the clutch rod being connected to the second piston, and the other end of the clutch rod being used to press the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate together when sliding in a direction approaching the second dynamic friction plate; The elastic component is arranged between the reducer housing and the clutch rod, and applies a force that causes the clutch rod to press the second dynamic friction plate and the second static friction plate against each other.

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