Communication method and apparatus

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications, and provide a communication method and apparatus, which can solve the problem of timing drift of a sampling point. The method comprises: a terminal device receives first indication information, determines a timing drift rate on the basis of the first indication information, and further can receive and send a signal on the basis of the timing drift rate. The first indication information indicates carrier frequency information of a first communication link, or the first indication information indicates a first parameter. The carrier frequency information is used for determining a carrier frequency of the first communication link. The first parameter comprises a change rate of a first common timing advance (TA), and the change rate of the first common TA is a change rate of a common TA of the first communication link. The first communication link is a communication link between a network device serving the terminal device and a relay apparatus. The relay apparatus is used for communication between the terminal device and the network device. The timing drift rate indicates a change rate of a sampling point interval of a time domain signal.

Description

Communication method and device

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on March 22, 2024, with application number 202410346008.7 and application name “Communication Method and Device,” the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications, and in particular to communication methods and devices. Background Art

[0003] Compared to terrestrial communications, non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) offer wide coverage and flexible networking. NTNs utilize uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), high-altitude platforms, satellites, and other devices to provide data transmission, voice communication, and other services to user equipment (UE).

[0004] In a satellite communications system, information from a terminal device can be forwarded by satellite via an inter-satellite link (ISL) or satellite-to-ground link to a gateway or ground station, thereby establishing a connection to the core network or the internet. Similarly, information from a gateway or ground station can also be forwarded by satellite to the terminal device via an ISL or satellite-to-ground link. In other words, the satellite acts as a relay between the gateway (or ground station) and the terminal device, enabling communication between the two.

[0005] The high-speed relative motion between satellites and terminal equipment, gateway stations, and ground stations will cause sampling point timing drift. However, there is currently no solution to the sampling point timing drift problem. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The communication method and apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present application can solve the problem of sampling point timing drift.

[0007] In a first aspect, an information communication method is provided. The method can be executed by a terminal device, or by a component of the terminal device, such as a processor, chip, or chip system of the terminal device, or by a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the terminal device functions. The method includes: receiving first indication information, the first indication information indicating carrier frequency information of a first communication link, or the first indication information indicating a first parameter, wherein the carrier frequency information is used to determine the carrier frequency of the first communication link, the first parameter includes a change rate of a first common timing advance (TA), the change rate of the first common TA is the change rate of the common TA of the first communication link, the first communication link is a communication link between a network device serving the terminal device and a relay device, the relay device is used for communication between the terminal device and the network device; determining a timing drift rate based on the first indication information, the timing drift rate indicating the change rate of the sampling point interval of the time domain signal; and transmitting and receiving signals based on the timing drift rate.

[0008] Based on this method, a terminal device can determine a timing drift rate based on an indication from a network device (i.e., first indication information). The first indication information can indicate a rate of change of the carrier frequency of a feeder link (i.e., a first communication link) or a common timing advance (TA) of the feeder link (i.e., a rate of change of a first common TA). In other words, the terminal device can determine the timing drift rate based on the carrier frequency information or the first parameter of the first communication link; further, the terminal device can also transmit and receive signals based on the timing drift rate.

[0009] Usually, after the downlink signal from the network device is transmitted via the first communication link (such as the feeder link) and the second communication link (such as the service link), the sampling point timing drift of the downlink signal received by the terminal device will occur. Based on the above scheme, the terminal device can determine the rate of change of the sampling point interval of the time domain signal (i.e., the timing drift rate) based on the carrier frequency information of the feeder link (i.e., the first communication link) or the common TA change rate of the feeder link, thereby knowing the offset of the sampling point; so that when the terminal device receives a signal, it can sample the time domain signal it receives according to the offset of the sampling point, and adaptively process the signal accordingly to improve the decoding performance. Alternatively, when the terminal device sends a signal, it can pre-compensate the sampling point offset of the time domain signal it sends according to the offset of the sampling point, so that when the signal reaches the network device, it can offset the timing drift on the first communication link and the second communication link, further improving the decoding performance of the network device.

[0010] In one possible design, the timing drift rate is the sum of a first timing drift rate and a second timing drift rate; wherein the first timing drift rate is the timing drift rate of the downlink signal on the first communication link; the second timing drift rate is the timing drift rate of the downlink signal on the second communication link, and the second communication link is the communication link between the terminal device and the relay device.

[0011] Based on this possible design, since the downlink signal from the network device is transmitted to the terminal device via a first communication link (such as a feeder link) and a second communication link (such as a service link), the timing drift rate of the downlink signal is the sum of the timing drift rate of the downlink signal on the first communication link (such as the feeder link) (i.e., the first timing drift rate) and the timing drift rate of the downlink signal on the second communication link (such as the service link) (i.e., the second timing drift rate). Therefore, dividing the timing drift rate into two parts based on the characteristics of the two different links can more efficiently and accurately calculate the timing drift rate, thereby determining the offset of the sampling point, and then sampling the time domain signal according to the offset of the sampling point, and adaptively processing the signal accordingly to improve decoding performance.

[0012] In one possible design, the first indication information indicates carrier frequency information of the first communication link, and the first timing drift rate is determined based on the carrier frequency information of the first communication link.

[0013] Based on this possible design, the terminal device can determine the timing drift rate according to the carrier frequency information.

[0014] In one possible design, the first Doppler frequency shift value is the Doppler frequency shift value of the first communication link; the first timing drift rate is the quotient of the first Doppler frequency shift value and the carrier frequency of the first communication link; or, the first timing drift rate is the quotient of the first Doppler frequency shift value and a first product, and the first product is the product of the carrier frequency of the first communication link and the sampling point interval.

[0015] Based on the two possible designs described above, the terminal device can determine the timing drift rate of the downlink signal based on the carrier frequency information / carrier frequency of the first communication link, that is, the timing drift rate of the downlink signal on the first communication link (such as the feeder link) (i.e., the first timing drift rate), so that the terminal device can determine the timing drift rate based on the first timing drift rate, providing a basic guarantee for the terminal device to determine the timing drift rate. In addition, determining the timing drift rate based on carrier frequency information is simpler and more efficient.

[0016] In one possible design, the first Doppler shift value is determined based on the third Doppler shift value, the first compensation value, the second Doppler shift value, and the second compensation value; wherein the second Doppler shift value is the Doppler shift value of the second communication link; the third Doppler shift value is the Doppler shift value of the downlink signal; the first compensation value is the frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the first communication link; and the second compensation value is the frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the second communication link.

[0017] In one possible design, the first Doppler frequency shift value is the difference between the first difference value and the second difference value; wherein the first difference value is the difference between the third Doppler frequency shift value and the first compensation value; and the second difference value is the difference between the second Doppler frequency shift value and the second compensation value.

[0018] Based on the above two possible designs, the terminal device can determine different compensation values ​​(i.e., the first compensation value and the second compensation value) according to two different communication links (i.e., the first communication link and the second communication link), so that the Doppler frequency shift value of the first communication link (i.e., the first Doppler frequency shift value) determined using the compensation values ​​of the two communication links is more accurate.

[0019] In one possible design, the first Doppler frequency shift value is determined based on a third Doppler frequency shift value, a second Doppler frequency shift value, and a third compensation value; wherein the second Doppler frequency shift value is the Doppler frequency shift value of the second communication link; the third Doppler frequency shift value is the Doppler frequency shift value of the downlink signal; and the third compensation value is the frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the first communication link and the second communication link.

[0020] In one possible design, the first Doppler frequency shift value is the difference between the third Doppler frequency shift value, the second Doppler frequency shift value, and the third compensation value.

[0021] Based on the above two possible designs, the terminal device can determine the first Doppler frequency shift value according to the sum of the compensation values ​​of the two communication links (i.e., the first communication link and the second communication link) (i.e., the third compensation value), thereby reducing the resources of the compensation values ​​of the communication links at both ends and saving signaling overhead.

[0022] In one possible design, the communication method also includes: receiving second indication information, the second indication information indicating a first compensation value and a second compensation value, or the second indication information indicating a third compensation value; wherein the first compensation value is a frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the first communication link; the second compensation value is a frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the second communication link; and the third compensation value is a frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the first communication link and the second communication link.

[0023] Based on this possible design, the network device indicates the frequency offset compensation value to the terminal device, so that the timing drift rate determined by the terminal device is more accurate.

[0024] In one possible design, the second timing drift rate is determined based on the second Doppler frequency shift value and the carrier frequency of the second communication link; wherein the second Doppler frequency shift value is the Doppler frequency shift value of the second communication link; the second timing drift rate is the quotient of the second Doppler frequency shift value and the carrier frequency of the second communication link; or, the second timing drift rate is the quotient of the second Doppler frequency shift value and a second product, and the second product is the product of the carrier frequency of the second communication link and the sampling point interval.

[0025] In one possible design, the second Doppler frequency shift value is the product of the first movement speed and the first quotient value, the first quotient value is the quotient of the carrier frequency of the second communication link and the speed of light, and the first movement speed is the relative movement speed between the terminal device and the relay device.

[0026] Based on the two possible designs described above, the terminal device can determine the timing drift rate of the downlink signal based on the carrier frequency of the second communication link, that is, the timing drift rate of the downlink signal on the second communication link (such as the service link) (i.e., the first timing drift rate). It is understandable that the terminal device can obtain the carrier frequency of the second communication link through the downlink signal from the second communication link, avoiding the need to send separate signaling to indicate the carrier frequency of the second communication link, thus saving signaling overhead. This makes the implementation of the timing drift rate simpler and more efficient.

[0027] Based on the above-mentioned multiple possible designs, the terminal device can determine the timing drift rate according to the downlink Doppler frequency shift value (such as the first Doppler frequency shift value, the second Doppler frequency shift value, the third Doppler frequency shift value, etc.); specifically, since the method of obtaining the Doppler frequency shift value is simple and efficient, the terminal device can quickly and efficiently determine the timing drift rate, further improving the decoding efficiency of the terminal device.

[0028] In one possible design, the first indication information indicates a first parameter, and the timing drift rate is determined based on the first indication information, including: determining the timing drift rate based on the first parameter.

[0029] In one possible design, the timing drift rate is determined based on the first parameter, including: when the fourth compensation value remains unchanged or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device remains unchanged, the timing drift rate is determined based on the first parameter; wherein the fourth compensation value is the timing compensation value of the uplink signal.

[0030] The second movement speed is the relative movement speed between the network device and the relay device. The second movement speed is determined according to the change rate of the first common TA. The second movement speed and the change rate of the first common TA satisfy the following relationship:

[0031] Based on the above two possible designs, the terminal device can determine the timing drift rate based on existing parameters (such as the change rate of the first common TA); specifically, since the change rate of the first common TA is a parameter in the existing protocol, the network device does not need to use additional resources to indicate the change rate of the first common TA to the terminal device, thereby reducing signaling overhead.

[0032] In one possible design, the second timing drift rate is determined according to the first movement speed, and the second timing drift rate and the first movement speed satisfy the following relationship:

[0033] The first movement speed is the relative movement speed between the terminal device and the relay device.

[0034] Based on this possible design, it can be understood that the relative movement speed between the terminal device and the relay device can be obtained by the terminal device based on the movement trajectory of the relay device (such as ephemeris information) and its own position information. That is, in the process of determining the second timing drift rate, the network device does not need to send indication information for determining the second timing drift rate to the terminal device, thereby reducing signaling overhead.

[0035] In one possible design, the first parameter further includes a second common TA change rate, the first motion speed is determined based on the second common TA change rate, and the first motion speed and the change rate of the second common TA satisfy the following relationship:

[0036] The change rate of the second public TA is the change rate of the public TA of the second communication link. In one possible design,

[0037] The change rate of the second common TA is the change rate of the common TA of the second communication link, and the first movement speed is the relative movement speed between the terminal device and the relay device.

[0038] Based on the above two possible designs, the terminal device can determine the timing drift rate based on existing parameters (such as the change rate of the second common TA); specifically, since the change rate of the second common TA is a parameter in the existing protocol, the network device can indicate the change rate of the second common TA to the terminal device without using additional resources, thereby reducing signaling overhead.

[0039] In one possible design, when the relay device is deployed on a satellite, the first movement speed is determined based on the satellite's ephemeris information and the location information of the terminal device.

[0040] In one possible design, the communication method also includes: receiving third indication information, the third indication information indicating whether the fourth compensation value has changed, or the third indication information indicating whether the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device has changed.

[0041] In one possible design, when the effective timing offset remains unchanged, the fourth compensation value remains unchanged or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device remains unchanged.

[0042] In one possible design, the communication method also includes: receiving fourth indication information, the fourth indication information indicating whether the effective timing offset has changed.

[0043] In one possible design, the first indication information may also indicate a second parameter, where the second parameter includes a transmission angle of the first communication link, and the terminal device may determine the timing drift rate based on the second parameter.

[0044] In one possible design, the terminal device determines the timing drift rate based on the second parameter, including: the terminal device determines the first timing drift rate based on the second parameter, and further determines the timing drift rate based on the first timing drift rate and the second timing drift rate.

[0045] In one possible design, the terminal device determines the first timing drift rate based on the second parameter, including: the terminal device can determine the second movement speed based on the second parameter, and further determine the first timing drift rate based on the second movement speed.

[0046] In one possible design, the second movement speed may be the product of the cosine value of the transmission angle of the first communication link and the movement speed of the relay device.

[0047] In a second aspect, a communication method is provided, which can be executed by a network device, or by a component of the network device, such as a processor, chip, or chip system of the network device, or by a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the network device functions. The method includes: determining first indication information, the first indication information indicating carrier frequency information of a first communication link, or the first indication information indicating a first parameter, wherein the carrier frequency information is used to determine the carrier frequency of the first communication link, the first parameter includes a change rate of a first common timing advance (TA), the change rate of the first common TA is the change rate of the common TA of the first communication link, the first communication link is a communication link between a network device serving a terminal device and a relay device, the relay device is used for communication between the terminal device and the network device; and sending the first indication information.

[0048] Based on this method, the network device can send first indication information to the terminal device, so that the terminal device can determine the timing drift rate based on the first indication information. The first indication information can indicate the carrier frequency of the feeder link (i.e., the first communication link) or the rate of change of the common timing advance TA of the feeder link (i.e., the rate of change of the first common TA). In other words, the terminal device can determine the timing drift rate based on the carrier frequency information or the first parameter of the first communication link; further, it can also send and receive signals based on the timing drift rate.

[0049] Usually, after the downlink signal sent by the network device is transmitted via the first communication link (such as the feeder link) and the second communication link (such as the service link), the sampling point timing drift of the downlink signal received by the terminal device will occur. Based on the above scheme, the terminal device can determine the rate of change of the sampling point interval of the time domain signal (i.e., the timing drift rate) based on the carrier frequency information of the feeder link (i.e., the first communication link) or the common TA change rate of the feeder link, thereby knowing the offset of the sampling point; so that when the terminal device receives a signal, it can sample the time domain signal it receives according to the offset of the sampling point, and adaptively process the signal accordingly to improve the decoding performance. Alternatively, when the terminal device sends a signal, it can pre-compensate the sampling point offset of the time domain signal it sends according to the offset of the sampling point, so that when the signal reaches the network device, it can offset the timing drift on the first communication link and the second communication link, further improving the decoding performance of the network device.

[0050] In one possible design, the communication method also includes: sending second indication information, the second indication information indicating the first compensation value and the second compensation value, or the second indication information indicating the third compensation value; wherein the first compensation value is the frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the first communication link; the second compensation value is the frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the second communication link, and the second communication link is the communication link between the terminal device and the relay device; the third compensation value is the frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the first communication link and the second communication link.

[0051] In one possible design, the communication method also includes: sending a third indication information, the third indication information indicating whether the fourth compensation value has changed, or the third indication information indicating whether the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device has changed, and the fourth compensation value is a timing compensation value of the uplink signal.

[0052] In one possible design, the communication method also includes: sending a fourth indication information, the fourth indication information indicating whether the effective timing offset (kmac) has changed.

[0053] In one possible design, the communication method also includes: the first parameter also includes a second common TA change rate, the second common TA change rate is the change rate of the common TA of the second communication link, and the second communication link is the communication link between the terminal device and the relay device.

[0054] Among them, the technical effects brought about by any possible design of the second aspect can refer to the technical effects brought about by the corresponding design in the above-mentioned first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0055] In a third aspect, a communication device is provided for implementing various methods. The communication device may be the terminal device in the first aspect or the network device in the second aspect, or a device included in the terminal device or network device, such as a chip or chip system. The communication device includes a module, unit, or means corresponding to the implementation method, which may be implemented by hardware, software, or by hardware executing the corresponding software implementation. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the functions.

[0056] In some possible designs, the communication device may include a processing module and a transceiver module. The processing module may be configured to implement the processing functionality of any of the above aspects and any possible implementations thereof. The transceiver module may include a receiving module and a transmitting module, respectively configured to implement the receiving functionality and the transmitting functionality of any of the above aspects and any possible implementations thereof.

[0057] In some possible designs, the transceiver module may be composed of a transceiver circuit, a transceiver, a transceiver or a communication interface.

[0058] In a fourth aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising: a processor and a memory; the memory is used to store computer instructions, and when the processor executes the instructions, the communication device performs the method described in any one aspect. The communication device can be the terminal device in the first aspect or the network device in the second aspect, or a device included in the terminal device or network device, such as a chip or chip system. The communication device includes a module, unit, or means corresponding to the implementation method, and the module, unit, or means can be implemented by hardware, software, or by hardware executing the corresponding software implementation. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the functions.

[0059] In a fifth aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising: a processor and a communication interface; the communication interface is used to communicate with a module outside the communication device; the processor is used to execute a computer program or instruction so that the communication device performs the method described in any aspect. The communication device can be the terminal device in the first aspect or the network device in the second aspect, or a device included in the terminal device or network device, such as a chip or a chip system. The communication device includes a module, unit, or means corresponding to the implementation method, and the module, unit, or means can be implemented by hardware, software, or by executing the corresponding software implementation through hardware. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the functions.

[0060] Alternatively, the interface circuit can be a code / data read / write interface circuit, which is used to receive computer execution instructions (the computer execution instructions are stored in the memory, may be read directly from the memory, or may pass through other devices) and transmit them to the processor so that the processor runs the computer execution instructions to execute the method described in any of the above aspects.

[0061] In one possible design, the communication device further includes a memory for storing computer programs or instructions. Optionally, the processor and the memory are integrated together, or the processor and the memory are separately provided.

[0062] In one possible design, the memory is coupled to the processor and is external to the communication device.

[0063] In a sixth aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising: at least one processor; the processor is configured to execute a computer program or instruction so that the communication device performs the method described in any one aspect. The communication device may be the terminal device in the first aspect or the network device in the second aspect, or a device included in the terminal device or network device, such as a chip or chip system. The communication device includes a module, unit, or means corresponding to the implementation method, and the module, unit, or means may be implemented by hardware, software, or by executing the corresponding software implementation by hardware. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the functions.

[0064] In some possible designs, the communication device includes a memory for storing necessary program instructions and data. The memory may be coupled to the processor or may be independent of the processor.

[0065] In some possible designs, when the device is a chip system, it can be composed of a chip or include a chip and other discrete devices.

[0066] It can be understood that when the communication device provided in any one of the third to sixth aspects is a chip, the sending action / function of the communication device can be understood as output information, and the receiving action / function of the communication device can be understood as input information.

[0067] In a seventh aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, in which a computer program or instruction is stored. When the computer-readable storage medium is run on a communication device, the communication device can execute the method described in any one of the aspects.

[0068] In an eighth aspect, a computer program product comprising instructions is provided, which, when executed on a communication device, enables the communication device to execute the method described in any one of the aspects.

[0069] In the ninth aspect, a communication system is provided, which includes a communication device which may be a terminal device in the first aspect (or a device contained in the terminal device, such as a chip or a chip system) or a network device in the second aspect (or a device contained in the network device, such as a chip or a chip system).

[0070] Among them, the technical effects brought about by any design method in the third to ninth aspects can refer to the technical effects brought about by different design methods in the above-mentioned first or second aspects, and will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0071] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of a downlink configuration effective time provided by the present application;

[0072] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of extended network coverage provided by the present application;

[0073] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of sampling point timing drift provided by the present application;

[0074] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided by the present application;

[0075] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of another communication system provided by the present application;

[0076] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of another communication system provided by the present application;

[0077] FIG7 is a flow chart of a communication method provided by the present application;

[0078] FIG8 is a flow chart of another communication method provided by the present application;

[0079] FIG9 is a flow chart of another communication method provided by the present application;

[0080] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a transmission angle of a first communication link provided by the present application;

[0081] FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by the present application;

[0082] FIG12 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device provided by the present application;

[0083] FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device provided in this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0084] In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, " / " indicates that the objects associated before and after are in an "or" relationship, for example, A / B can represent A or B; "and / or" in this application is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist, for example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural.

[0085] In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more than two. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or plural.

[0086] In addition, to facilitate the clear description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, in the embodiments of the present application, the words "first" and "second" are used to distinguish between identical or similar items with substantially the same functions and effects. Those skilled in the art will understand that the words "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity or execution order, and the words "first" and "second" do not necessarily mean different.

[0087] In the embodiments of this application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner to facilitate understanding.

[0088] It will be understood that the “embodiment” mentioned throughout the specification means that the specific features, structures or characteristics related to the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, the various embodiments throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. It will be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the sequence number of each process does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiment of the present application.

[0089] It can be understood that in this application, "when" and "if" both mean that corresponding processing will be taken under certain objective circumstances, and do not limit the time, nor do they require any judgment action when implementing, nor do they mean that there are other limitations.

[0090] It is understood that some optional features in the embodiments of the present application may, in certain scenarios, be implemented independently of other features, such as the solution on which they are currently based, to solve corresponding technical problems and achieve corresponding effects. They may also be combined with other features in certain scenarios as needed. Accordingly, the devices provided in the embodiments of the present application may also implement these features or functions accordingly, which will not be described in detail here.

[0091] In this application, unless otherwise specified, the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can refer to each other. In the various embodiments in this application, and the various implementation methods / implementation methods / implementation methods in each embodiment, if there is no special explanation and logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments and the various implementation methods / implementation methods / implementation methods in each embodiment are consistent and can be referenced to each other. The technical features in different embodiments and the various implementation methods / implementation methods / implementation methods in each embodiment can be combined to form new embodiments, implementation methods, implementation methods, or implementation methods according to their inherent logical relationships. The implementation methods of this application described below do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0092] In order to facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, a brief introduction to the relevant technologies of the present application is first given as follows.

[0093] 1. Non-terrestrial networks (NTN):

[0094] The fifth generation (5 th 5G new radio (NR) technology is evolving from release 18 (Rle18 / R18) to R19. At the same time, NR technology has moved from standardization to commercial deployment. The NR standard protocol is a wireless communication technology designed for terrestrial cellular network scenarios, providing users with wireless communication services with low latency, ultra-reliability, ultra-high speeds, and excessive connectivity. However, cellular networks cannot achieve seamless global coverage. For example, in areas without terrestrial base stations, such as ocean surfaces, polar regions, and rainforests, voice and data services cannot be provided in areas covered by cellular networks.

[0095] Compared to terrestrial communications, NTN communications offer significant advantages, including global coverage, long-distance transmission, flexible networking, easy deployment, and freedom from geographical constraints. They have been widely used in a variety of fields, including maritime communications, positioning and navigation, disaster relief, scientific experiments, video broadcasting, and Earth observation. NTN networks can be integrated with terrestrial networks, leveraging their strengths and complementing their weaknesses to form a seamless, integrated global communications network covering land, sea, air, space, and ground, meeting the diverse service needs of users everywhere.

[0096] NTN communications utilizes uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), high-altitude platforms, satellites, and other equipment to form networks, providing data transmission, voice communication, and other services to user equipment (UE). Satellite-based networking systems are referred to as satellite communications systems.

[0097] 2. Effective timing offset (kmac):

[0098] kmac is a parameter introduced for delayed effectiveness when the uplink and downlink frame timings of the base station are not aligned. For example, taking the media access control layer control element (MAC-CE) signaling indicating the downlink configuration as an example, as shown in (a) of Figure 1, after receiving the MAC CE signaling, the user equipment (UE) can send a feedback signal of the MAC CE signaling (such as the hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)-acknowledgement character (ACK) of MAC CE) to the base station in time slot (slot) n. The UE assumes that the downlink configuration takes effect in time slot The first time slot after that; that is, the downlink configuration takes effect in the time slot (i.e. the effective time shown in (a) of Figure 1 is the time slot The subcarrier spacing is 2 μ *At 15 kilohertz, the number of time slots in a subframe. X is a non-negative integer specified in the protocol or configured through parameters.

[0099] Exemplarily, the downlink configuration indicated by the MAC CE signaling includes but is not limited to one or more of the following: resource configuration of zero power (ZP) channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), deactivation of resource configuration of an already effective downlink ZP CSI-RS, activation / deactivation of semi-static CSI reporting configuration, activation / deactivation of CSI-RS / CSI-interference measurement (IM) resource configuration, and mapping relationship between transmission configuration indicator (TCI) status and code points in the downlink control information (DCI) domain.

[0100] Since there is a time delay between the UE sending the feedback signal and the base station receiving the feedback signal, the base station needs to perform timing compensation on the uplink signal (i.e., including the feedback signal) (i.e., the size of the compensation value is the value by which the base station extends the receiving window of the uplink signal) to ensure that the uplink signal and the feedback signal are successfully received. However, as can be seen from (a) in Figure 1 above, when the timing compensation value of the uplink signal by the base station is greater than or equal to When the base station receives the feedback signal (i.e., time slot n), the time when the base station receives the feedback signal is greater than or equal to the effective time of the downlink configuration; as a result, the downlink configuration may take effect before the base station receives the feedback signal from the UE; thus, the UE and the base station have different understandings of the effective time of the downlink configuration, resulting in communication conflicts.

[0101] In order to solve the above problem, the kmac parameter is introduced. Among them, the UE assumes that the downlink configuration is effective in the time slot The first time slot after that; that is, the downlink configuration takes effect in the time slot ((i.e. the effective time shown in (b) of Figure 1 is the time slot The value of kmac is greater than or equal to the timing compensation value of the uplink signal (i.e., the feedback signal). This ensures that the downlink configuration takes effect after the base station receives the feedback signal. Furthermore, this ensures that the base station and the UE are aligned on the downlink configuration's effective time.

[0102] 3. Frequency doppler shift:

[0103] Doppler shift refers to the change in phase and frequency caused by the difference in transmission distance when a mobile station moves in a certain direction at a constant speed. This change is usually simplified as Doppler shift. It reveals the law that the properties of waves change during motion.

[0104] 4. Network-controlled repeaters (NCR):

[0105] NCR is a technology used to extend network coverage in terrestrial communication networks. As shown in Figure 2(a), when a base station signal is blocked by a building, NCR can be used to forward the base station signal, bypassing the building and extending the base station's coverage area. As a device that amplifies and forwards signals between the base station and the user equipment (UE), the NCR can be considered a transparent forwarding node (or simply a transparent node).

[0106] As shown in (b) of Figure 2, the NCR consists of the NCR-mobile termination (MT) and the NCR-forwarding (Fwd) network element. The NCR-MT is connected to the base station via the Uu port, and the control link (C-link) is used to control the NCR. The NCR can receive control information from the base station via the Uu port; the NCR-Fwd network element is used to forward data information between the base station and the UE. For example, the base station can send data information to the NCR-Fwd network element via the backhaul link (BH), and the NCR-Fwd network element can then send the data information to the UE via the access link.

[0107] However, NCR's research focuses only on static scenarios (i.e., the signal transmitter and receiver are relatively stationary, or nearly stationary), and does not address high-dynamic scenarios (i.e., the signal transmitter and receiver are in relatively high-speed motion). For example, satellite communications scenarios involving communication between a satellite / aircraft platform and a base station, and / or between a satellite / aircraft platform and a base station, involve relatively high-speed motion between the transmitter and receiver.

[0108] Specifically, in a satellite communication scenario, information from the UE can be forwarded by the satellite / flight platform to a gateway or a gateway station or a ground station via an inter-satellite link (ISL) or a satellite-to-ground link, thereby establishing a connection with the core network or the Internet. Similarly, information from a gateway station or a gateway station or a ground station can also be forwarded by the satellite / flight platform to the UE via an ISL or a satellite-to-ground link. In other words, the satellite / flight platform acts as a relay transposition between the gateway station (or gateway station or ground station) and the UE to realize communication between the gateway station (or ground station) and the UE. For the convenience of description, the interaction between the gateway station and the UE is described below as an example. It is uniformly explained here that the implementation of the interaction between the gateway station or the ground station and the UE is similar to the interaction between the gateway station and the UE in the following embodiments. For details, please refer to the relevant description of the interaction between the gateway station and the UE below, which will not be repeated here.

[0109] However, the relatively high-speed motion between the relay device (i.e., satellite / flight platform) and the gateway station / UE will cause large sampling point timing drift, resulting in a significant degradation of decoding performance at the receiving end or even decoding failure.

[0110] For example, taking a gateway station sending a signal to a UE as an example, as shown in Figure 3, when the relay device moves away from the gateway station and the signal from the gateway station is transmitted to the relay device via a feeder link, the sampling point interval of the signal increases. Furthermore, when the relay device moves toward the UE and transmits the signal to the UE via a service link, the sampling point interval of the signal decreases relative to the sampling point interval when the relay device receives the signal. In Figure 3, sampling points are represented by unidirectional arrows, where the dotted unidirectional arrows represent the sampling points of the signal when the gateway station transmits the signal or the time interval of the discrete-time signal corresponding to the signal transmitted by the gateway station; the solid unidirectional arrows represent the sampling points of the signal received by the relay device or the time interval of the discrete-time signal corresponding to the signal received by the relay device, and the sampling points of the signal received by the UE or the time interval of the discrete-time signal corresponding to the signal received by the UE.

[0111] As can be seen from Figure 3, after the signal is transmitted via the feeder link and / or the service link, the sampling point interval of the signal received by the UE changes (such as the sampling point interval increases) compared to the sampling point interval of the signal sent by the gateway station, or the time interval of the discrete time signal corresponding to the signal received by the UE changes. This phenomenon is called timing drift of the sampling point (or, it can also be simply referred to as timing drift). In other words, timing drift means that the sampling point interval changes during the process of the signal from the transmitter to the receiver. In addition, as can be seen from Figure 3, compared with the sampling point interval of the signal sent by the gateway station, the sampling point interval of the signal received by the UE is not uniformly spaced, but increases sequentially. Therefore, the UE can only determine the offset of the sampling point when it determines the changing law of the sampling point interval (for the convenience of description, it is referred to as the timing drift rate in the following embodiment) and further process the signal to ensure decoding performance. However, there is currently no solution to the problem of sampling point timing drift.

[0112] In view of this, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method and apparatus, wherein a terminal device can determine a timing drift rate based on an indication (i.e., first indication information) from a network device. The first indication information may indicate the carrier frequency of a feeder link (i.e., a first communication link) or the rate of change of a common timing advance TA of the feeder link (i.e., the rate of change of a first common TA). In other words, the terminal device can determine a timing drift rate based on the carrier frequency information or the first parameter of the first communication link; further, it can also send and receive signals based on the timing drift rate.

[0113] Usually, after the downlink signal from the network device is transmitted via the first communication link (such as the feeder link) and the second communication link (such as the service link), the sampling point timing drift of the downlink signal received by the terminal device will occur. Based on the above scheme, the terminal device can determine the rate of change of the sampling point interval of the time domain signal (i.e., the timing drift rate) based on the carrier frequency information of the feeder link (i.e., the first communication link) or the common TA change rate of the feeder link, thereby knowing the offset of the sampling point; so that when the terminal device receives a signal, it can sample the time domain signal it receives according to the offset of the sampling point, and adaptively process the signal accordingly to improve the decoding performance. Alternatively, when the terminal device sends a signal, it can pre-compensate the sampling point offset of the time domain signal it sends according to the offset of the sampling point, so that when the signal reaches the network device, it can offset the timing drift on the first communication link and the second communication link, further improving the decoding performance of the network device.

[0114] The technical solution provided in this application can be used in various communication systems, which may be cellular systems related to the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), such as fourth generation (4G) long term evolution (LTE) systems, evolved LTE systems (LTE-Advanced, LTE-A) systems, 5G new radio (NR) systems, vehicle to everything (V2X) systems, LTE and NR hybrid networking systems, or device-to-device (D2D) systems, machine to machine (M2M) communication systems, Internet of Things (IoT), and other next generation communication systems.

[0115] Alternatively, the communication system may also be a non-3GPP communication system, such as an open radio access network (O-RAN or ORAN), a cloud radio access network (CRAN), a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system, or a communication system that integrates multiple of the above communication systems, which is not limited in this application.

[0116] Among them, the above-mentioned communication system applicable to the present application is only an example, and the communication system applicable to the present application is not limited to this. It is uniformly described here and will not be repeated below.

[0117] The present application provides an exemplary communication system. The communication system may include at least one terminal device, at least one relay device, and at least one network device. The relay device is used to implement communication between the terminal device and the network device.

[0118] Exemplarily, at least two of the network device, the relay device, and the terminal device move at a relatively high speed, causing a timing drift in a sampling point of a signal during signal transmission between the network device and the terminal device.

[0119] For example, relay devices can be divided into transparent mode and regeneration mode according to their operating mode. In transparent mode, the relay device has relay forwarding functions, i.e., transparent forwarding functions. In regeneration mode, the relay device has strong data processing capabilities and has some or all of the functions of a base station.

[0120] Specifically, the timing drift of the signal sampling point is caused by the following two scenarios:

[0121] Scenario 1: The terminal device and / or network equipment undergoes relative high-speed movement, causing timing drift of the signal sampling points.

[0122] Exemplarily, the network device is stationary or approximately stationary relative to the ground, and the terminal device moves at high speed; or, the terminal device is stationary or approximately stationary relative to the ground, and the network device moves at high speed; or, both the network device and the terminal device move at high speed, and the terminal device moves at high speed relative to the network device.

[0123] Exemplarily, being approximately stationary relative to the ground can be understood as: the device is not stationary relative to the ground, but the movement speed of the device can be ignored.

[0124] Optionally, in the following scenario, the communication system provided by this application includes but is not limited to: ground communication scenario and air to ground (ATG) communication scenario.

[0125] See (a) in FIG4 , which shows a communication architecture for a terrestrial communication scenario applied by the communication system of the present application.

[0126] As an example, when the network device is stationary or approximately stationary relative to the ground and the terminal device is moving at high speed, the network device is deployed on the ground (such as 101 in (a) of FIG4 ). Accordingly, the terminal device can be deployed in a device that can move quickly; for example, the terminal device can be deployed in an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV), a high-speed rail, etc. (such as 102 and / or 103 in (a) of FIG4 ). As another example, when the terminal device is stationary or approximately stationary relative to the ground and the network device is moving at high speed, the terminal device can be deployed on the ground or in a device that is stationary relative to the ground (104 in (a) of FIG4 ); accordingly, the network device can be deployed in a device that can move quickly (103 in (a) of FIG4 ).

[0127] As another example, when both the network device and the terminal device are moving at high speed, and the terminal device and the network device are moving at high speed relative to each other, the terminal device may be 102 in (a) of FIG4 , and the network device may be deployed at 103 in (a) of FIG4 . Alternatively, the terminal device may be deployed at 103 in (a) of FIG4 , and the network device may be deployed at 102 in (a) of FIG4 .

[0128] See (b) in FIG4 , which is a communication architecture of an ATG communication scenario applied by the communication system of the present application.

[0129] In Figure 4(b), the terminal device may include a high-altitude aircraft, a handheld terminal on an aircraft, etc., and the network device may include a ground base station. For example, the terminal device may be 204 in Figure 4(b), and the corresponding network device may be 201 in Figure 4(b); or the terminal device may be 205 in Figure 4(b), and the corresponding network device may be 202 in Figure 4(b); or the terminal device may be 206 in Figure 4(b), and the corresponding network device may be 203 in Figure 4(b). In this case, the network device is stationary or nearly stationary relative to the ground, while the terminal device may be moving at high speed.

[0130] In combination with the above three examples, the relay device used to realize communication between the terminal device and the network device can be relatively stationary with the network device; or, the relay device can be relatively stationary with the terminal device; or, the relay device can move relatively high-speed with the network device, and the relay device and the terminal device move relatively high-speed. Specifically, the implementation of the relay device is not shown in (a) in Figure 4 and (b) in Figure 4. Scenario 2: The relay device moves at a high speed relative to the terminal device and / or the network device, causing the signal sampling point to drift in timing.

[0131] For example, the relay device can be deployed on a satellite. Therefore, the communication method provided in this application can be applicable to satellite communication scenarios, that is, the communication system can be a satellite communication system. In the case where the relay device is deployed on a satellite, the relay device can be the satellite itself, or it can be a device deployed on the satellite.

[0132] See (c) in FIG. 4 , which shows a communication architecture of a satellite communication system applied by the communication system of the present application.

[0133] For example, the terminal device may include but is not limited to one or more of 302 to 306 in (c) of Figure 4; the network device may be 301 in (c) of Figure 4; in addition, the relay device may be 307 in (c) of Figure 4.

[0134] It can be understood that in (c) of the above Figure 4, the network equipment is used as an example to deploy the gateway station and the ground base station (i.e., 301 in (c) of Figure 4). In fact, the gateway station and the ground base station can also be deployed separately; in this case, the feeder link refers to the communication link between the gateway station and the ground base station, and the communication link between the gateway station and the relay device.

[0135] However, due to the relative stillness between the gateway station and the ground base station, the timing drift mainly occurs on the communication link between the gateway station and the relay device; therefore, when the gateway station and the ground base station can also be deployed separately, the network device mentioned in the embodiment of the present application can refer to the gateway station, and accordingly, the feeder link refers to the communication link between the gateway station and the relay device.

[0136] Optionally, the network device in the embodiment of the present application is a device that connects a terminal device to a wireless network. The network device can be a node in a wireless access network, which can also be called a base station, or a radio access network (RAN) node (or device).

[0137] For example, the network device may include an evolved NodeB (eNB) or e-NodeB (evolutionary Node B) in an LTE system or an LTE-A system, such as a traditional macro eNB and a micro eNB in ​​a heterogeneous network scenario. Alternatively, it may include a next generation node B (gNB) of wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA). Alternatively, it may include a transmission reception point (TRP), a home base station (e.g., home evolved NodeB, or home Node B, HNB), a base band unit (BBU), a base band pool (BBU pool), a base transceiver station (BTS) in a global system for mobile communication (GSM) or code division multiple access (CDMA) network, or a WiFi access point (AP), etc. Alternatively, it may include a base station in a non-terrestrial network (NTN), that is, it may be deployed on a high-altitude platform or satellite. In the NTN, the network device may serve as a layer 1 (L1) relay, or as a base station, or as a distributed unit (DU), or as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node. Alternatively, it may be a gateway station or a ground station. Alternatively, the network device may be a device that implements the base station function in the IoT, such as a device that implements the base station function in V2X, D2D, or machine to machine (M2M), or it may include an in-vehicle device or a wearable device, or it may include a network device in a 5G network or a public land mobile network (PLMN) that has evolved after 5G, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0138] In some possible scenarios, the network device in the embodiments of the present application may also be a module or unit that can implement some functions of a base station. For example, the network device may be a centralized unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a CU-control plane (CP), a CU-user plane (UP), or a radio unit (RU). The CU and DU may be set separately, or may be included in the baseband unit (BBU) in the same network element, that is, the BBU may include at least one CU and at least one DU. The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or radio frequency unit; for example, it may be included in a remote radio unit (RRU), an active antenna unit (AAU), or a remote radio head (RRH).

[0139] Refer to Figure 5, which is a framework diagram of another communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application. In Figure 5, the CU and DU are included in the same BBU, and the RU is included in the radio frequency unit. In addition, the network device shown in Figure 5 can communicate with the core network (CN) device through the BH link, and the network device can also communicate with the terminal device through the air interface. Specifically, the BBU in the network device communicates with the CN device through the BH link, and the RU in the network device communicates with at least one terminal device through the air interface. The BBU can communicate with at least one RU through the fronthaul link, and the BBU and RU may be co-located or not.

[0140] Refer to Figure 6, which is a framework diagram of another communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application. The communication system includes a RAN intelligent controller (RIC). The RIC includes a near-real time RIC (near-real time RIC, near-RT RIC) and a non-real time RIC (non-real time RIC, Non-RT RIC). Among them, the near-real time RIC is used for model training and reasoning. For example, it is used to train an artificial intelligence (AI) model and use the AI ​​model for reasoning. The near-real-time RIC can obtain information on the network side and / or the terminal side from network devices (such as CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU and / or RU) and / or terminal devices. This information can be used as training data or reasoning data.

[0141] Optionally, the near-real-time RIC can deliver inference results to network devices and / or terminal devices. Optionally, inference results can be exchanged between the CU and DU, and / or between the DU and RU. For example, the near-real-time RIC delivers inference results to the DU, which then sends them to the RU. This enables near-real-time intelligent management of the RAN. Data collection and related operations on the E2 interface enable near-real-time control and optimization of O-RAN modules and resources.

[0142] Exemplarily, non-real-time RIC is used for model training and reasoning. For example, it is used to train an AI model and use the model for reasoning. Non-real-time RIC can obtain network-side and / or terminal-side information from RAN nodes (e.g., CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU, and / or RU) and / or terminal devices. This information can be used as training data or reasoning data, and the reasoning result can be submitted to the network device and / or terminal device. Optionally, the reasoning results can be exchanged between the CU and the DU, and / or between the DU and the RU. For example, the non-real-time RIC submits the reasoning result to the DU, and the DU sends it to the RU.

[0143] For example, the near real-time RIC and the non-real-time RIC may also be separately configured as a network element.

[0144] Optionally, near real-time RIC and non-real-time RIC can also be part of other devices. For example, near real-time RIC is set in network equipment (for example, CU, DU), while non-real-time RIC is set in operations and maintenance (OAM), cloud servers, core network equipment, or other network equipment.

[0145] O-RAN central unit (O-CU): Implements the radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), and service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layers and other control functions in the 3GPP standard.

[0146] O-RAN central unit control plane (O-CU-CP): Similar to the CU-CP in the NR system, it implements the functions of the RRC layer and the control plane functions of the PDCP layer. It is part of the O-CU.

[0147] O-RAN central unit user plane (O-CU-UP): Similar to the CU-UP in the NR system, it implements the functions of the SDAP layer and the user plane functions of the PDCP layer. It is part of the O-CU.

[0148] O-RAN distributed unit (O-DU): Based on low-layer functionality, it implements the radio link control (RLC), MAC, and higher physical layer (Higher PHY) layers specified in the 3GPP standard. Higher physical layer functions include one or more of the following: feedforward error correction (FEC) encoding / decoding, scrambling / descrambling, or modulation / demodulation.

[0149] O-RAN Radio Unit (O-RU): Based on low-layer functional division, it implements the lower physical layer (Lower PHY) and radio frequency functions in the 3GPP standard. The lower physical layer functions include one or more of the following: fast Fourier transform (FFT) / inverse fast Fourier transform (iFFT), digital beamforming, or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering. It is similar to the TRP or RRH in 3GPP, but includes lower physical layer functions such as FFT / iFFT or PRACH extraction.

[0150] Optionally, the base station in the embodiment of the present application may include various forms of base stations, such as: macro base stations, micro base stations (also called small stations), relay stations, access points, home base stations, TRPs, transmission points (TPs), mobile switching centers, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not make specific limitations on this.

[0151] Optionally, the terminal device in the embodiment of the present application may be a user-side device for implementing wireless communication functions, such as a terminal or a chip that can be used in a terminal. The terminal may be a user equipment (UE), an access terminal, a terminal unit, a terminal station, a mobile station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a wireless communication device, a terminal agent, or a terminal device in a 5G network or a PLMN evolved after 5G. The access terminal may be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, an in-vehicle device or a wearable device, a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in self-driving, a wireless terminal in telemedicine or telehealth services, a wireless terminal in a smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in a smart city, a wireless terminal in a smart home, a wireless data card, a tablet computer, a wireless modem, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a machine type communication (MTC) terminal, etc. Alternatively, the terminal may be a terminal with communication functionality in IoT, such as a terminal in V2X (e.g., a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) device), a terminal in D2D communication, or a terminal in M2M communication. The terminal may be mobile or fixed.

[0152] Optionally, network devices and terminal devices, network devices and network devices, or terminal devices and terminal devices can communicate through authorized spectrum, or can communicate through unauthorized spectrum, or can communicate through both authorized spectrum and unauthorized spectrum.

[0153] Optionally, network devices and terminal devices, network devices and network devices, or terminal devices and terminal devices may communicate using a spectrum below 6 gigahertz (GHz), or may communicate using a spectrum above 6 GHz, or may communicate using both a spectrum below 6 GHz and a spectrum above 6 GHz. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the spectrum resources used for wireless communications.

[0154] The communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It will be understood that in the embodiment of the present application, the relay device can perform some or all of the steps in the embodiment of the present application, and these steps or operations are only examples. The embodiment of the present application can also perform other operations or variations of various operations. In addition, the various steps can be performed in a different order than those presented in the embodiment of the present application, and it is possible that not all operations in the embodiment of the present application need to be performed.

[0155] Referring to FIG7 , a communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown. The communication method may include the following steps S701 to S705:

[0156] S701. The network device determines first indication information, where the first indication information indicates carrier frequency information of a first communication link, or the first indication information indicates a first parameter.

[0157] The first communication link is a communication link between a network device serving a terminal device and a relay device, which is used for communication between the terminal device and the network device. For example, the relay device can be deployed on a satellite or an aerial platform. Accordingly, the communication link between the network device and the relay device (i.e., the first communication link) can be a feeder link.

[0158] The carrier frequency information is used to determine the carrier frequency of the first communication link. The first parameter includes a change rate of a first common timing advance (common TA drift rate), and the change rate of the first common TA is a change rate of a common TA of the first communication link.

[0159] Exemplarily, the carrier frequency information of the first communication link includes but is not limited to any of the following items: the size of the carrier frequency of the first communication link, the index number of the carrier frequency of the first communication link, a parameter corresponding to the carrier frequency of the first communication link, an intermediate parameter for calculating the carrier frequency of the first communication link, and an offset value of the carrier frequency of the first communication link relative to the carrier frequency of the second communication link.

[0160] Exemplarily, the second communication link is a communication link between the terminal device and the relay device. The second communication link can also be understood as a service link.

[0161] As an example, the first indication information can be carried in any of the following broadcast information: system information block (SIB) 1, SIB19, other system information (OSI), main system information block (MIB), physical broadcast channel.

[0162] Exemplarily, the broadcast information used to carry the first indication information may be broadcast or multicasted by the network device to the terminal device.

[0163] Based on this example, the network device sends the first indication information to the terminal device in a broadcast or multicast manner to avoid scheduling different resources for different terminal devices in order to send the first indication information, thereby saving the signaling overhead of scheduling resources and reducing the system scheduling complexity.

[0164] As another example, the first indication information can be carried in any of the following signaling: radio resource control (RRC) (for example, RRC setup message, RRC reconfiguration signaling (RRCReconfiguration), RRC recovery signaling (RRCResume)), DCI, group DCI, MAC CE, timing advance command (TAC).

[0165] Optionally, the first indication information may be unicast or multicast sent to the terminal device along with data transmission or in a separately allocated physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) bearer.

[0166] Based on this optional solution, since the first indication information can be unicast or multicast to the terminal device in a separately allocated PDSCH bearer, the network device can flexibly control the parameter value of each terminal device / group of terminal devices. For example, different parameter values ​​can be configured for the terminal devices based on their different locations or different areas to achieve the purpose of optimizing system parameters and optimizing the communication performance of the terminal device / system communication performance.

[0167] S702: The network device sends first indication information to the relay apparatus. Correspondingly, the relay apparatus receives the first indication information from the network device.

[0168] Exemplarily, the network device sends the first indication information to the relay device via the first communication link. Correspondingly, the relay device receives the first indication information from the network device via the first communication link.

[0169] S703: The relay device sends first indication information to the terminal device. Correspondingly, the terminal device receives the first indication information from the relay device.

[0170] Exemplarily, the relay device sends the first indication information to the relay device via the second communication link. Correspondingly, the terminal device receives the first indication information from the relay device via the second communication link.

[0171] S704: The terminal device determines a timing drift rate based on the first indication information, wherein the timing drift rate indicates a rate of change of a sampling point interval of a time domain signal or a rate of change of a discrete time signal time interval corresponding to the time domain signal.

[0172] For example, the rate of change of the sampling point interval of the time domain signal can be understood as: the rate of change of the sampling point interval of the signal received by the terminal device compared to the sampling point interval of the signal sent by the network device, that is, the length of time per unit time over which the sampling point interval of the signal received by the receiving end increases or decreases, or the length of time per unit time over which the time interval of the discrete-time signal corresponding to the signal received by the receiving end increases or decreases. For specific implementation, please refer to the relevant description of FIG. 3 above and will not be repeated here.

[0173] Exemplarily, when the first indication information indicates carrier frequency information of the first communication link, the terminal device determines the timing drift rate based on the first indication information, including the terminal device determining the timing drift rate based on the carrier frequency of the first communication link. Similarly, when the first indication information indicates a first parameter, the terminal device determines the timing drift rate based on the first indication information, including the terminal device determining the timing drift rate based on the first parameter.

[0174] S705: The terminal device sends and receives signals according to the timing drift rate.

[0175] Optionally, when a terminal device receives a signal based on a timing drift rate, after determining the timing drift rate, the terminal device can determine a sampling point offset based on the timing drift rate, and then adaptively determine a receiving window to ensure decoding performance of the terminal device. Alternatively, the received information can be resampled based on the sampling point offset to obtain corresponding information, thereby ensuring decoding performance of the terminal device.

[0176] Optionally, when the terminal device receives and sends signals based on the timing drift rate, after determining the timing drift rate, the terminal device can determine the offset of the sampling point based on the timing drift rate, and then pre-compensate the sampling point offset of the uplink signal (for example, by resampling), so that when the uplink signal reaches the network device, the timing drift on the first communication link and the second communication link can be offset, thereby ensuring the decoding performance of the network device.

[0177] The communication method and apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present application enable a terminal device to determine a timing drift rate based on an indication from a network device (i.e., first indication information). The first indication information may indicate a carrier frequency of a feeder link (i.e., a first communication link) or a rate of change of a common timing advance TA of the feeder link (i.e., a rate of change of a first common TA). In other words, the terminal device may determine a timing drift rate based on the carrier frequency information or the first parameter of the first communication link; further, the terminal device may also transmit and receive signals based on the timing drift rate.

[0178] Usually, after the downlink signal from the network device is transmitted via the first communication link (such as the feeder link) and the second communication link (such as the service link), the sampling point timing drift of the downlink signal received by the terminal device will occur. Based on the above scheme, the terminal device can determine the rate of change of the sampling point interval of the time domain signal (i.e., the timing drift rate) based on the carrier frequency information of the feeder link (i.e., the first communication link) or the common TA change rate of the feeder link, thereby knowing the offset of the sampling point; so that when the terminal device receives a signal, it can sample the time domain signal it receives according to the offset of the sampling point, and adaptively process the signal accordingly to improve the decoding performance. Alternatively, when the terminal device sends a signal, it can pre-compensate the sampling point offset of the time domain signal it sends according to the offset of the sampling point, so that when the signal reaches the network device, it can offset the timing drift on the first communication link and the second communication link, further improving the decoding performance of the network device.

[0179] The above is an overall introduction to the implementation process of the communication method provided in this application. The following is a detailed introduction to the "timing drift rate" mentioned in the above embodiment.

[0180] Optionally, the timing drift rate is the sum of a first timing drift rate and a second timing drift rate; wherein the first timing drift rate is the timing drift rate of the downlink signal on the first communication link; and the second timing drift rate is the timing drift rate of the downlink signal on the second communication link.

[0181] Optionally, the downlink signal includes but is not limited to a synchronization signal (synchronization signal, SS), a reference signal (reference signal, RS), a control signal, and a data signal.

[0182] Exemplarily, the timing drift rate, the first timing drift rate, and the second timing drift rate satisfy the following relationship: (1) T DR =T DR1 +T DR2 Relationship (1)

[0183] Among them, T DR Indicates the timing drift rate, T DR1 represents the first timing drift rate, T DR2 Indicates the second timing drift rate.

[0184] Specifically, in a satellite communication scenario, downlink signals from a network device are transmitted to a terminal device via a first communication link and a second communication link. Therefore, timing drift of the downlink signal on both the first and second communication links occurs. Therefore, the timing drift rate of the downlink signal on the first communication link (i.e., the first timing drift rate) and the timing drift rate of the downlink signal on the second communication link (i.e., the second timing drift rate) can be calculated separately. Furthermore, the timing drift rate of the downlink signal (i.e., the sum of the first timing drift rate and the second timing drift rate) can be obtained.

[0185] Exemplarily, the terminal device may determine the timing drift rate based on the following two situations:

[0186] Case 1: The first indication information indicates the carrier frequency information of the first communication link.

[0187] Optionally, in the following case, the timing drift rate is determined based on the carrier frequency information of the first communication link. In one possible implementation, when the terminal device can use a downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate, the timing drift rate is determined based on the carrier frequency information of the first communication link. For example, the timing drift rate is determined based on the carrier frequency information of the first communication link and the downlink Doppler frequency shift value.

[0188] Among them, the downlink Doppler shift value includes the Doppler shift value of the first communication link (which can be simply referred to as the first Doppler shift value), the Doppler shift value of the second communication link (which can be simply referred to as the second Doppler shift value), or the Doppler shift value of the downlink signal or the Doppler shift value detected based on the downlink signal (which can be simply referred to as the third Doppler shift value).

[0189] As a first example, whether the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate may be predetermined by the network device and the terminal device.

[0190] For example, the protocol predefines that a terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate; or predefines that a terminal device cannot use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate. This avoids sending separate signaling to indicate whether a terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate, saving signaling overhead.

[0191] Alternatively, whether the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate may also be indicated by the network device to the terminal device. For example, the first indication information may indicate whether the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate.

[0192] Exemplarily, the first indication information can be represented by 1 bit. For example, if the 1 bit is 1, it indicates that the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate; correspondingly, if the 1 bit is 0, it indicates that the terminal device cannot use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate. Alternatively, if the 1 bit is 0, it indicates that the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate; correspondingly, if the 1 bit is 1, it indicates that the terminal device cannot use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate.

[0193] The above is explained using the example of the first indication information indicating whether the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate. The information used to indicate whether the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate may also be other indication information in addition to the first indication information. The implementation of this indication information is similar to the implementation of the above-mentioned first indication information. For details, please refer to the relevant description of the above-mentioned first indication information, which will not be repeated here.

[0194] Optionally, the first timing drift rate is determined based on carrier frequency information of the first communication link. Further, when the terminal device can use a downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate, the first timing drift rate can be determined based on the carrier frequency information of the first communication link.

[0195] Exemplarily, the terminal device may determine the first timing drift rate based on the carrier frequency information of the first communication link, and further determine the timing drift rate based on the first timing drift rate.

[0196] Optionally, the first timing drift rate is determined based on the first Doppler frequency shift value and the carrier frequency of the first communication link. The first Doppler frequency shift value is a Doppler frequency shift value of the first communication link. Exemplarily, the terminal device may determine the carrier frequency of the first communication link based on carrier frequency information of the first communication link, and further determine the first timing drift rate based on the carrier frequency of the first communication link.

[0197] Optionally, the first timing drift rate may be the quotient of the first Doppler frequency shift value and the carrier frequency of the first communication link. Alternatively, the first timing drift rate may be the quotient of the first Doppler frequency shift value and the first product, where the first product is the carrier frequency (f e ) multiplied by the sampling point interval.

[0198] Specifically, the first timing drift rate, the first Doppler frequency shift value, and the carrier frequency of the first communication link satisfy the following relationship (2):

[0199] Among them, T DR1 Indicates the first timing drift rate, F e Indicates the first Doppler frequency shift value, f e represents the carrier frequency of the first communication link, T s Indicates the sampling point interval, that is, the sampling point interval of the downlink signal when the network device sends the downlink signal; f e *T s This is the first product.

[0200] It should be understood that in the embodiment of the present application, when the parameter used to determine the timing drift rate includes the sampling point interval, the timing drift rate represents the number of sampling points of timing drift per unit time; when the parameter used to determine the timing drift rate does not include the sampling point interval, the timing drift rate represents the duration of the timing drift of the sampling points per unit time. Exemplarily, in a communication scenario where the sampling point interval is known or there is one sampling point interval, the parameter used to determine the timing drift rate may include the sampling point interval. In a communication scenario where the sampling point interval is unknown or there are multiple sampling point intervals, the parameter used to determine the timing drift rate may not include the sampling point interval. In this case, the scheme for determining the timing drift rate can be applicable to a variety of communication scenarios with different sampling point intervals, and is more versatile than the scheme for determining the timing drift rate using the sampling point interval.

[0201] Optionally, when the terminal device can use a downlink Doppler shift value to determine the timing drift rate, the terminal device can determine the first Doppler shift value based on two parameters: a second Doppler shift value and a third Doppler shift value. The second Doppler shift value is the Doppler shift value of the downlink signal on the second communication link or the Doppler shift value of the second communication link, and the third Doppler shift value is the Doppler shift value of the downlink signal or a Doppler shift value detected based on the downlink signal.

[0202] In other words, when the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate, the first Doppler frequency shift value is determined based on the second Doppler frequency shift value and the third Doppler frequency shift value. In other words, when the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate, the first Doppler frequency shift value can be calculated using the following relationship (3).

[0203] Exemplarily, the first Doppler frequency shift value, the second Doppler frequency shift value, and the third Doppler frequency shift value may satisfy the following relationship (3): F e =F D -F S Relationship (3)

[0204] Among them, F e Indicates the first Doppler frequency shift value, F D Indicates the third Doppler frequency shift value, F S Indicates the second Doppler frequency shift value.

[0205] Optionally, the second Doppler frequency shift value is the product of the first movement speed and the first quotient value, the first quotient value is the quotient of the carrier frequency of the second communication link and the speed of light, and the first movement speed is the relative movement speed between the terminal device and the relay device.

[0206] Exemplarily, the second Doppler frequency shift value, the first motion speed, the carrier frequency of the second communication link, and the speed of light may satisfy the following relationship (4): S =v*f s / c relationship (4)

[0207] Among them, F S represents the second Doppler frequency shift value, v represents the first motion speed, f s represents the carrier frequency of the second communication link, and c represents the speed of light.

[0208] Optionally, when the relay device is deployed on a satellite, the first movement speed is determined by the terminal device based on the satellite's ephemeris information and the terminal device's location information. For example, the terminal device may obtain information such as the relay device's movement direction, movement speed, and location based on the satellite's ephemeris information, and further determine the first movement speed based on the terminal device's location information.

[0209] Optionally, when the relay device is deployed on a flight platform, the satellite's ephemeris information can be replaced with the flight path or trajectory of the flight platform. That is, the first motion speed is determined by the terminal device based on the flight path or trajectory of the flight platform and the terminal device's location information. For example, the flight path or trajectory of the flight platform can be preset, or can be communicated to the terminal device by a network device, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0210] Optionally, the carrier frequency of the second communication link may be obtained by the terminal device by detecting a downlink signal transmitted through the second communication link.

[0211] Optionally, the third Doppler frequency shift value may be obtained by the terminal device by detecting downlink signals passing through the first communication link and the second communication link.

[0212] Optionally, the second timing drift rate is determined based on the second Doppler frequency shift value and the carrier frequency of the second communication link.

[0213] Exemplarily, the terminal device may determine the second timing drift rate based on the second Doppler frequency shift value and the carrier frequency of the second communication link, and further, may determine the timing drift rate in combination with the first timing drift rate.

[0214] Optionally, in a case where the terminal device can use a downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate, the second timing drift rate can be determined according to the second Doppler frequency shift value and the carrier frequency of the second communication link.

[0215] For example, whether the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the implementation of the timing drift rate can be determined by referring to the relevant descriptions of the above five examples, which will not be repeated here.

[0216] Optionally, the second timing drift rate is the quotient of the second Doppler frequency shift value and the carrier frequency of the second communication link; or, the second timing drift rate is the quotient of the second Doppler frequency shift value and a second product, and the second product is the product of the carrier frequency of the second communication link and the sampling point interval.

[0217] Specifically, the second timing drift rate, the second Doppler shift value, and the carrier frequency of the second communication link satisfy the following relationship (5):

[0218] Among them, T DR2 Indicates the second timing drift rate, F s Indicates the second Doppler frequency shift value, f s represents the carrier frequency of the second communication link, T s Indicates the sampling point interval, that is, the sampling point interval of the downlink signal when the network device sends the downlink signal; at this time, f s *Ts The product of is the second product.

[0219] For example, the parameters in the above relationship (1) can be replaced by the parameters in relationships (2) and (5). In this case, relationship (1) can be transformed into the following relationship (6):

[0220] Among them, T DR Indicates the timing drift rate, F e Indicates the first Doppler frequency shift value, f e represents the carrier frequency of the first communication link, T s Indicates the sampling point interval, F s Indicates the second Doppler frequency shift value, f s Indicates the carrier frequency of the second communication link.

[0221] Optionally, when the relay device and the network device are moving away from each other, the first Doppler shift value may be negative; in this case, the first timing drift rate is positive. When the relay device and the network device are moving toward each other, the first Doppler shift value may be positive; in this case, the first timing drift rate is negative.

[0222] Exemplarily, when the first timing drift rate is a positive number, it indicates that the sampling point intervals of the downlink signal received by the relay device are getting larger; when the first timing drift rate is a negative number, it indicates that the sampling point intervals of the downlink signal received by the relay device are getting smaller.

[0223] Similarly, when the relay device and the terminal device are moving away from each other, the second Doppler shift value can be negative; in this case, the second timing drift rate is positive. When the relay device and the terminal device are moving toward each other, the second Doppler shift value can be positive; in this case, the second timing drift rate is also negative.

[0224] Exemplarily, when the second timing drift rate is a positive number, it indicates that the sampling point intervals of the downlink signal received by the terminal device are getting larger; when the second timing drift rate is a negative number, it indicates that the sampling point intervals of the downlink signal received by the terminal device are getting smaller.

[0225] Optionally, considering the positive or negative relationship between the first Doppler frequency shift value and the first timing drift rate, and / or the positive or negative relationship between the second Doppler frequency shift value and the second timing drift rate, the above relationship (6) can be transformed into any one of the following relationships (6-1), (6-2), and (6-3):

[0226] Among them, T DR Indicates the timing drift rate, F e Indicates the first Doppler frequency shift value, f erepresents the carrier frequency of the first communication link, T s Indicates the sampling point interval, F s Indicates the second Doppler frequency shift value, f s Indicates the carrier frequency of the second communication link.

[0227] As a second example, whether the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate can also be determined based on whether the network device performs frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal.

[0228] Specifically, if the network device performs frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal, it means that the terminal device cannot use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate; if the network device does not perform frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal, it means that the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate.

[0229] Exemplarily, whether the network device performs frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal may be predetermined by the network device and the terminal device. This avoids sending separate signaling to indicate whether the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate (or whether the network device performs frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal), saving signaling overhead. For example, the network device is predefined through a protocol not to perform frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal; or, the network device is predefined through a protocol to perform frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal. Alternatively, whether the network device performs frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal may also be indicated by the network device to the terminal device. For example, the first indication information may indicate whether the network device performs frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal.

[0230] Exemplarily, the first indication information can be represented by 1 bit. For example, if the 1 bit is 1, it indicates that the network device performs frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal, and / or the terminal device cannot use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate; correspondingly, if the 1 bit is 0, it indicates that the network device does not perform frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal, and / or the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate. Alternatively, if the 1 bit is 0, it indicates that the network device performs frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal, and / or the terminal device cannot use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate; correspondingly, if the 1 bit is 1, it indicates that the network device does not perform frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal, and / or the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate.

[0231] The above is explained using the example of the first indication information indicating whether the network device performs frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal. The information used to indicate whether the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate may also be other indication information in addition to the first indication information. The implementation of this indication information is similar to the implementation of the above-mentioned first indication information. For details, please refer to the relevant description of the above-mentioned first indication information, which will not be repeated here.

[0232] Optionally, the first timing drift rate is determined based on carrier frequency information of the first communication link. Further, when the network device does not perform frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal, the first timing drift rate may be determined based on the carrier frequency information of the first communication link.

[0233] Optionally, the first timing drift rate is determined based on the first Doppler frequency shift value and the carrier frequency of the first communication link. For example, the implementation of the first timing drift rate, the first Doppler frequency shift value, and the carrier frequency of the first communication link can be referred to the relevant description in the first example above, and will not be repeated here.

[0234] Optionally, when the network device does not perform frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal, the terminal device can determine the first Doppler frequency shift value based on the second Doppler frequency shift value and the third Doppler frequency shift value. In other words, when the network device does not perform frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal, the first Doppler frequency shift value is determined based on the second Doppler frequency shift value and the third Doppler frequency shift value. In other words, when the network device does not perform frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal, the first Doppler frequency shift value can be calculated using the above relationship (3).

[0235] For example, the terminal device determines the first Doppler frequency shift value based on the second Doppler frequency shift value and the third Doppler frequency shift value. For example, the description of the above relationship (3) may be referred to and will not be repeated here.

[0236] Optionally, the second timing drift rate is determined based on the second Doppler frequency shift value and the carrier frequency of the second communication link.

[0237] Exemplarily, the implementation of the second timing drift rate, the second Doppler frequency shift value, and the carrier frequency of the second communication link can refer to the relevant description in the first example above, which will not be repeated here. Optionally, the terminal device can determine the timing drift rate based on the first timing drift rate and the second timing drift rate. Exemplarily, the timing drift rate, the first timing drift rate, and the second timing drift rate can satisfy the above relationship (1). For details, please refer to the relevant description of the above relationship (1), which will not be repeated here.

[0238] As a third example, the terminal device may determine the timing drift rate by using the downlink Doppler frequency shift value, or may determine the timing drift rate according to the carrier frequency of the first communication link.

[0239] In one implementation, when the first indication information indicates the carrier frequency information of the first communication link, that is, the terminal device can obtain the carrier frequency of the first communication link according to the first indication information, it indicates that the network device does not pre-compensate the downlink signal for frequency deviation, and / or, the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate; when the first indication information indicates other information (such as the first parameter) other than the carrier frequency information of the first communication link or the network device does not indicate the carrier frequency information of the first communication link to the terminal device, that is, the terminal device cannot obtain the carrier frequency of the first communication link according to the first indication information or the network device does not send the first indication information, it indicates that the network device pre-compensates the downlink signal for frequency deviation, and / or, the terminal device cannot use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate.

[0240] In another implementation, when the carrier frequency of the first communication link is 0, it indicates that the network device performs frequency deviation pre-compensation on the downlink signal, and / or the terminal device cannot use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate; when the carrier frequency of the first communication link is not 0, it indicates that the network device does not perform frequency deviation pre-compensation on the downlink signal, and / or the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate.

[0241] In combination with the above two implementations, optionally, the first timing drift rate is determined based on the carrier frequency of the first communication link. Further, when the first indication information indicates carrier frequency information of the first communication link, or the carrier frequency of the first communication link is not zero, the first timing drift rate can be determined based on the carrier frequency of the first communication link.

[0242] Optionally, the first timing drift rate is determined based on the first Doppler frequency shift value and the carrier frequency of the first communication link. For example, the implementation of the first timing drift rate, the first Doppler frequency shift value, and the carrier frequency of the first communication link can be referred to the relevant description in the first example above, and will not be repeated here.

[0243] Optionally, when the first indication information indicates the carrier frequency information of the first communication link, or the carrier frequency of the first communication link is not 0, the terminal device can determine the first Doppler frequency shift value based on the two parameters of the second Doppler frequency shift value and the third Doppler frequency shift value. In other words, when the first indication information indicates the carrier frequency information of the first communication link, or the carrier frequency of the first communication link is not 0, the first Doppler frequency shift value is determined based on the second Doppler frequency shift value and the third Doppler frequency shift value. In other words, when the first indication information indicates the carrier frequency information of the first communication link, or the carrier frequency of the first communication link is not 0, the first Doppler frequency shift value can be calculated using the above relationship (3).

[0244] Exemplarily, the terminal device determines the implementation of the first Doppler frequency shift value based on the two parameters of the second Doppler frequency shift value and the third Doppler frequency shift value. The relevant description of the above relationship (3) can be referred to and will not be repeated here.

[0245] Optionally, the second timing drift rate is determined based on the second Doppler frequency shift value and the carrier frequency of the second communication link.

[0246] Exemplarily, the implementation of the second timing drift rate, the second Doppler frequency shift value, and the carrier frequency of the second communication link may refer to the relevant description in the above-mentioned first example, which will not be repeated here.

[0247] Optionally, the terminal device may determine the timing drift rate based on the first timing drift rate and the second timing drift rate. Exemplarily, the timing drift rate, the first timing drift rate, and the second timing drift rate may satisfy the aforementioned relationship (1). For details, please refer to the relevant description of the aforementioned relationship (1), which will not be repeated here.

[0248] In another possible implementation, the timing drift rate is determined based on the carrier frequency information of the first communication link and a pre-compensation value for the frequency offset. The frequency offset compensation value is a value used by the network device to pre-compensate the frequency offset of the downlink signal. For example, the timing drift rate is determined based on the carrier frequency information of the first communication link, the pre-compensation value for the frequency offset, and a downlink Doppler shift value.

[0249] Optionally, the pre-compensation value for the frequency offset may be indicated by the network device to the terminal device. For example, the network device may indicate the pre-compensation value for the frequency offset via the second indication information. Alternatively, the network device may indicate the pre-compensation value for the frequency offset via the first indication information. For ease of description, the following description uses the example of the pre-compensation value for the frequency offset indicated by the second indication information, and is not further described herein.

[0250] Exemplarily, as shown in FIG8 , before step S704 , the communication method may further include the following steps S706 to S707 :

[0251] S706: The network device sends second indication information to the relay apparatus; correspondingly, the relay apparatus receives the second indication information from the network device.

[0252] S707. The relay device sends second indication information to the terminal device; correspondingly, the terminal device receives the second indication information from the relay device.

[0253] Optionally, the second indication information may be carried in any of the following signaling: SIB1, SIB19, OSI, MIB, physical broadcast channel RRC, DCI, group DCI, MAC CE, TAC. Exemplarily, the implementation of the second indication information is similar to that of the first indication information. For details, please refer to the relevant description of the first indication information, which will not be repeated here.

[0254] Optionally, the first timing drift rate is determined based on the carrier frequency information of the first communication link and a pre-compensation value for the frequency offset. Furthermore, the first timing drift rate is determined based on the first Doppler shift value and the carrier frequency of the first communication link. The pre-compensation value for the frequency offset is used to determine the first Doppler shift value. In other words, the first timing drift rate is determined based on the first Doppler shift value, the carrier frequency of the first communication link, and the pre-compensation value for the frequency offset.

[0255] Exemplarily, the implementation of the carrier frequency of the first communication link can refer to the relevant description of the above embodiment, and the implementation of determining the first timing drift rate based on the first Doppler frequency shift value and the carrier frequency of the first communication link can refer to the relevant description of the above relationship (2), which will not be repeated here.

[0256] Exemplarily, different implementations of determining the first Doppler frequency shift value based on the pre-compensation value of the frequency offset are exemplified below. The methods of determining the first Doppler frequency shift value include the following two examples:

[0257] As an example, the pre-compensation value of the frequency offset includes a first compensation value and a second compensation value. The first Doppler frequency shift value is determined based on four parameters: a third Doppler frequency shift value, the first compensation value, the second Doppler frequency shift value, and the second compensation value.

[0258] The first compensation value is a frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the first communication link; the second compensation value is a frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the second communication link.

[0259] Exemplarily, in this example, the second indication information may indicate a first compensation value and a second compensation value.

[0260] In one implementation, the first Doppler frequency shift value is the difference between the first difference value and the second difference value; wherein the first difference value is the third Doppler frequency shift value (F D) and the first compensation value; the second difference is the difference between the second Doppler frequency shift value (Fs) and the second compensation value.

[0261] Exemplarily, the first Doppler frequency shift value, the third Doppler frequency shift value, the first compensation value, the second Doppler frequency shift value, and the second compensation value may satisfy the following relationship (7): F e =(F D -F p1 )-(F S -F p2 ) Relationship (7)

[0262] Among them, F e Indicates the first Doppler frequency shift value, F D Indicates the third Doppler frequency shift value, F p1 Indicates the first compensation value, F S Indicates the second Doppler frequency shift value, F p2 Indicates the second compensation value; F D -F p1 That is the first difference, F s -F p2 This is the second difference.

[0263] In another implementation, the first Doppler frequency shift value is the difference between the first sum value and the second sum value; wherein the first sum value is the third Doppler frequency shift value (F D ) and the first compensation value; the second sum is the sum of the second Doppler frequency shift value (Fs) and the second compensation value.

[0264] Exemplarily, the first Doppler frequency shift value, the third Doppler frequency shift value, the first compensation value, the second Doppler frequency shift value, and the second compensation value may satisfy the following relationship (8): F e =(F D +F p1 )-(F S +F p2 ) Relationship (8)

[0265] Among them, F e Indicates the first Doppler frequency shift value, F D Indicates the third Doppler frequency shift value, F p1 Indicates the first compensation value, F S Indicates the second Doppler frequency shift value, F p2 Indicates the second compensation value; F D +F p1 That is the first sum, F s -F p2 This is the second sum.

[0266] In combination with the above two examples, the network device and the terminal device can pre-agreed on a formula for calculating the first Doppler frequency shift value, that is, the network device and the terminal device can agree on whether to use the above relationship (7) or relationship (8) to calculate the first Doppler frequency shift value. For example, the protocol predefines whether to use the above relationship (7) or relationship (8) to calculate the first Doppler frequency shift value.

[0267] Exemplarily, the network device can determine the first compensation value based on the Doppler value actually pre-compensated for the first communication link and the pre-agreed formula for calculating the first Doppler frequency shift value; similarly, the network device can determine the second compensation value based on the Doppler value actually pre-compensated for the second communication link and the pre-agreed formula for calculating the first Doppler frequency shift value.

[0268] The following is an example of how a network device can determine a first compensation value based on the Doppler value actually pre-compensated for the first communication link and a pre-agreed formula for calculating a first Doppler frequency shift value. The implementation of the second compensation value is similar to that of the first compensation value described below. For details, please refer to the relevant description of the first compensation value below, which will not be repeated here.

[0269] For example, when the above relationship (7) is used to calculate the first Doppler frequency shift value, if the actual pre-compensated Doppler value of the first communication link is 15 Hz, then the first compensation value is 15 Hz; if the actual pre-compensated Doppler value of the first communication link is -15 Hz, then the first compensation value is -15 Hz.

[0270] For example, when the above relationship (8) is used to calculate the first Doppler frequency shift value, if the actual pre-compensated Doppler value of the first communication link is 15 Hz, the first compensation value is -15 Hz; if the actual pre-compensated Doppler value of the first communication link is -15 Hz, the first compensation value is 15 Hz.

[0271] As another example, the pre-compensation value of the frequency offset includes a third compensation value. The first Doppler frequency shift value is determined based on three parameters: the third Doppler frequency shift value, the second Doppler frequency shift value, and the third compensation value.

[0272] The third compensation value is a frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal, that is, the third compensation value is a frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the first communication link and the second communication link.

[0273] Exemplarily, in this example, the second indication information may indicate a third compensation value.

[0274] Optionally, the first Doppler frequency shift value is the difference between the third Doppler frequency shift value, the second Doppler frequency shift value, and the third compensation value; or, the first Doppler frequency shift value is the sum of the difference between the third Doppler frequency shift value and the second Doppler frequency shift value and the third compensation value.

[0275] Exemplarily, the first Doppler frequency shift value, the third Doppler frequency shift value, the second Doppler frequency shift value, and the third compensation value may satisfy the following relationship (9-1) or (9-2): F e =F D -F S -F p Relationship (9-1) F e =F D -F S +F p Relationship (9-2)

[0276] Among them, F e Indicates the first Doppler frequency shift value, F D Indicates the third Doppler frequency shift value, F S Indicates the second Doppler frequency shift value, F p represents the third compensation value. Optionally, the network device and the terminal device may pre-agreed on a formula for calculating the first Doppler frequency shift value, that is, the network device and the terminal device may agree on whether to use the above relationship (9-1) or relationship (9-2) to calculate the first Doppler frequency shift value. For example, the protocol predefines whether to use the above relationship (9-1) or relationship (9-2) to calculate the first Doppler frequency shift value.

[0277] In addition to the above relationship (9-1) and relationship (9-2), illustratively, the first Doppler frequency shift value, the third Doppler frequency shift value, the second Doppler frequency shift value, and the third compensation value can also satisfy the following relationship (9-3). That is, the relationship (9-1) and the relationship (9-2) can be transformed into the relationship (9-3): F e =F D -F S ±F p Relationship (9-3)

[0278] Optionally, the network device may determine the third compensation value based on the Doppler value actually pre-compensated for the downlink signal and a pre-agreed formula for calculating the first Doppler frequency shift value. Exemplarily, the implementation of the third compensation value is similar to that of the first compensation value described above. For details, reference may be made to the description of the first compensation value described above and is not further elaborated here.

[0279] Exemplarily, the second indication information may also indicate that the pre-compensation value of the frequency offset is 0. In this case, it can be considered that the network device does not perform frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal. Wherein, in the case where the pre-compensation value of the frequency offset includes the first compensation value and the second compensation value, the pre-compensation value of the frequency offset is 0, which means that the magnitude of the first compensation value and the second compensation value are both 0. In this case, the above-mentioned relationship (7) and / or relationship (8) may also be transformed into the above-mentioned relationship (3). In the case where the pre-compensation value of the frequency offset includes the third compensation value, the pre-compensation value of the frequency offset is 0, which means that the third compensation value is 0. In this case, any one of the above-mentioned relationships (9-1), (9-2), and (9-3) may also be transformed into the above-mentioned relationship (3).

[0280] Alternatively, the network device and the terminal device may predefine a frequency offset precompensation value of 0. For example, the frequency offset precompensation value may be predefined as 0 through a protocol. This avoids sending separate signaling to instruct the terminal device whether to use the downlink Doppler shift value to determine the timing drift rate (or whether the network device performs frequency offset precompensation on the downlink signal), thus saving signaling overhead.

[0281] For example, the implementation of the second Doppler frequency shift value and the third Doppler frequency shift value in any one of the above relationships (7) to (8), (9-1), (9-2), and (9-3) can refer to the relevant description of the above relationship (3) and will not be repeated here.

[0282] Optionally, the second timing drift rate is determined based on the second Doppler frequency shift value and the carrier frequency of the second communication link.

[0283] Exemplarily, the implementation of the second timing drift rate, the second Doppler frequency shift value, and the carrier frequency of the second communication link may refer to the relevant description in the above-mentioned first example, which will not be repeated here.

[0284] Optionally, the terminal device may determine the timing drift rate based on the first timing drift rate and the second timing drift rate. Exemplarily, the timing drift rate, the first timing drift rate, and the second timing drift rate may satisfy the aforementioned relationship (1). For details, please refer to the relevant description of the aforementioned relationship (1), which will not be repeated here.

[0285] In the two possible implementations described above, a method for determining the timing drift rate is introduced by taking whether the network device sends a pre-compensation value of the frequency deviation to the terminal device as an example. If the network device does not send a pre-compensation value of the frequency deviation to the terminal device, the above-mentioned "one possible implementation method" can be used to determine the timing drift rate; if the network device sends a pre-compensation value of the frequency deviation to the terminal device, the above-mentioned "another possible implementation method" can be used to determine the timing drift rate. In addition, the network device can also directly indicate the calculation method of the first Doppler frequency shift value to the terminal device, or the network device and the terminal device can agree on the calculation method of the first Doppler frequency shift value in advance, so that the terminal device can determine the first Doppler frequency shift value according to the calculation method of the first Doppler frequency shift value, and further determine the timing drift rate. The following is a detailed introduction to the method for determining the calculation method of the first Doppler frequency shift value and the implementation method.

[0286] Optionally, the calculation method of the first Doppler frequency shift value includes method 1: determining the first Doppler frequency shift value based on the two parameters of the second Doppler frequency shift value and the third Doppler frequency shift value; method 2: determining the first Doppler frequency shift value based on the three parameters of the second Doppler frequency shift value, the third Doppler frequency shift value and the pre-compensation value of the frequency offset.

[0287] Optionally, when the calculation method of the first Doppler frequency shift value is method 1, it can be considered that the network device does not perform frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal, and / or the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate. For example, the terminal device determines the first Doppler frequency shift value based on the two parameters of the second Doppler frequency shift value and the third Doppler frequency shift value. The implementation can refer to the relevant description of the above relationship (3), which is not repeated here.

[0288] Exemplarily, when the pre-compensation value of the frequency offset includes a first compensation value and a second compensation value, the second method includes determining the first Doppler frequency shift value based on four parameters: the third Doppler frequency shift value, the first compensation value, the second Doppler frequency shift value, and the second compensation value. In this case, the first Doppler frequency shift value can be implemented with reference to the relevant description of the above-mentioned relations (7) to (8), which will not be repeated here.

[0289] When the pre-compensation value for the frequency offset includes the third compensation value, the second method includes determining the first Doppler shift value based on the third Doppler shift value, the second Doppler shift value, and the third compensation value. The first Doppler shift value can be determined by referring to the descriptions of Relationships (9-1) to (9-3) above and will not be further elaborated here.

[0290] For example, the implementation of the first compensation value, the second compensation value, and the third compensation value can refer to the relevant description of FIG8 above and will not be repeated here.

[0291] Optionally, the calculation method of the first Doppler frequency shift value may be predetermined by the network device and the terminal device. This avoids sending separate signaling to indicate whether the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate (or whether the network device performs frequency offset pre-compensation on the downlink signal), saving signaling overhead. For example, the calculation method of the first Doppler frequency shift value is predefined as method one through a protocol; or, the calculation method of the first Doppler frequency shift value is predefined as method two through a protocol. Alternatively, the calculation method of the first Doppler frequency shift value may also be indicated by the network device to the terminal device. For example, the first indication information may indicate the calculation method of the first Doppler frequency shift value.

[0292] Exemplarily, the first indication information can be represented by 1 bit. For example, if the 1 bit is 1, it indicates that the calculation method of the first Doppler frequency shift value is method 1, and the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate; correspondingly, if the 1 bit is 0, it indicates that the calculation method of the first Doppler frequency shift value is method 2, and the terminal device cannot use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate. Alternatively, if the 1 bit is 0, it indicates that the calculation method of the first Doppler frequency shift value is method 1, and the terminal device can use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate; correspondingly, if the 1 bit is 1, it indicates that the calculation method of the first Doppler frequency shift value is method 2, and the terminal device cannot use the downlink Doppler frequency shift value to determine the timing drift rate.

[0293] The above description uses the first indication information to indicate the calculation method of the first Doppler frequency shift value as an example. The indication information used to indicate the calculation method of the first Doppler frequency shift value may also be other indication information other than the first indication information. The implementation of this indication information is similar to the implementation of the above-mentioned first indication information. For details, please refer to the relevant description of the above-mentioned first indication information, which will not be repeated here.

[0294] Based on situation one, the terminal device can determine the timing drift rate based on the downlink Doppler frequency shift value (such as the first Doppler frequency shift value, the second Doppler frequency shift value, the third Doppler frequency shift value, etc.); specifically, since the method of obtaining the Doppler frequency shift value is simple and efficient, the terminal device can quickly and efficiently determine the timing drift rate, further improving the decoding efficiency of the terminal device.

[0295] Case 2: The first indication information indicates the first parameter.

[0296] Optionally, the first indication information indicates a first parameter, and the timing drift rate is determined according to the first parameter, or the timing drift rate can be determined according to the first parameter.

[0297] Optionally, when the fourth compensation value remains unchanged or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device remains unchanged, the timing drift rate is determined according to the first parameter. The fourth compensation value is a timing compensation value of the network device for the uplink signal.

[0298] Exemplarily, the implementation of the timing compensation value of the uplink signal can refer to the relevant description of Figure 1 (such as Figure 1 (a) and / or Figure 1 (b)), which will not be repeated here.

[0299] As an example, whether the fourth compensation value changes or whether the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device changes can be informed to the terminal device by the network device.

[0300] Optionally, the terminal device may determine whether the fourth compensation value has changed or whether the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device has changed through the third indication information. That is, the third indication information may indicate whether the fourth compensation value has changed or whether the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device has changed. Exemplarily, as shown in FIG9 , before step S704, the communication method may further include the following steps S708 to S709:

[0301] S708. The network device sends third indication information to the relay apparatus; correspondingly, the relay apparatus receives the third indication information from the network device.

[0302] S709. The relay device sends third indication information to the terminal device; correspondingly, the terminal device receives the third indication information from the relay device.

[0303] Exemplarily, the third indication information can be represented by 1 bit. For example, if the 1 bit is 1, it indicates that the fourth compensation value remains unchanged or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device remains unchanged; correspondingly, if the 1 bit is 0, it indicates that the fourth compensation value changes or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device changes. Alternatively, if the 1 bit is 0, it indicates that the fourth compensation value remains unchanged or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device remains unchanged; correspondingly, if the 1 bit is 1, it indicates that the fourth compensation value changes or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device changes.

[0304] Optionally, the third indication information can be carried in any of the following signaling: SIB1, SIB19, OSI, MIB, physical broadcast channel RRC, DCI, group DCI, MAC CE, TAC, PDSCH.

[0305] Exemplarily, the implementation of the third indication information is similar to the implementation of the first indication information. For details, please refer to the relevant description of the first indication information, which will not be repeated here.

[0306] Optionally, when the network device does not indicate to the terminal device through signaling whether the fourth compensation value or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device has changed, the fourth compensation value is assumed to remain unchanged or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device remains unchanged. At this time, the terminal device can determine the timing drift rate based on the first parameter (such as the rate of change of the first common TA).

[0307] As another example, whether the fourth compensation value should be changed or whether the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device is changed is pre-agreed upon between the network device and the terminal device.

[0308] For example, the protocol predefines that the network device and the terminal device may pre-agree that the fourth compensation value remains unchanged or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device remains unchanged, or the protocol predefines that the network device and the terminal device may pre-agree that the fourth compensation value changes or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device changes.

[0309] In combination with the above two examples, optionally, if the fourth compensation value or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device changes, the network device indicates to the terminal device through signaling, and the terminal device does not determine the timing drift rate based on the first indication information.

[0310] Exemplarily, when the fourth compensation value changes or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device changes, the terminal device can use other methods to determine the timing drift rate. For example, the timing drift rate can be determined using the method described above.

[0311] Optionally, whether the fourth compensation value has changed or whether the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device has changed can be indicated by whether a kmac value has changed or been updated. That is, the terminal device can determine whether the fourth compensation value has changed or whether the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device has changed based on whether the kmac value has changed or been updated.

[0312] Exemplarily, the implementation of the kmac value can refer to the relevant description of FIG1 above, which will not be repeated here.

[0313] Specifically, if the kmac value remains unchanged or is not updated, it means that the fourth compensation value remains unchanged or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device remains unchanged. If the kmac value changes or is updated, it means that the fourth compensation value changes or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device changes.

[0314] Optionally, the network device may inform the terminal device whether the kmac value has changed or been updated.

[0315] In one implementation, the third indication information may indicate whether the kmac value has changed or been updated, or the indication information used to indicate whether the kmac value has changed or been updated may be other indication information other than the third indication information, such as the fourth indication information. In this case, the third indication information in the above steps S708 to S709 may be replaced with the fourth indication information, wherein the implementation of the fourth indication information is similar to that of the above third indication information. For details, please refer to the relevant description of the above third indication information, which will not be repeated here.

[0316] Exemplarily, when the fourth indication information indicates whether the kmac value has changed or been updated, the fourth indication information can be represented by 1 bit. For example, if the 1 bit is 1, it indicates that the kmac value does not change or is not updated, in which case the fourth compensation value does not change or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device does not change; correspondingly, if the 1 bit is 0, it indicates that the kmac value has changed or been updated, in which case the fourth compensation value has changed or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device has changed. Alternatively, if the 1 bit is 0, it indicates that the kmac value does not change or is not updated, in which case the fourth compensation value does not change or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device does not change; correspondingly, if the 1 bit is 1, it indicates that the kmac value has changed or been updated, in which case the fourth compensation value has changed or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device has changed.

[0317] In another implementation, the third indication information may indicate a kmac value, and the terminal device may determine whether the kmac value has changed based on whether the kmac value indicated by the third indication information is consistent with the kmac value before receiving the third indication information (hereinafter referred to as the historical kmac value). Wherein, if the kmac value indicated by the third indication information is consistent with the historical kmac value, it means that the kmac value is unchanged or not updated, in which case the fourth compensation value is unchanged or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device is unchanged; if the kmac value indicated by the third indication information is inconsistent with the historical kmac value, it means that the kmac value is changed or updated, in which case the fourth compensation value is changed or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device is changed.

[0318] Alternatively, whether the kmac value is changed or updated may be pre-agreed between the network device and the terminal device, for example, the protocol pre-defines that the kmac value is changed or updated; or the protocol pre-defines that the kmac value is unchanged or not updated.

[0319] The first timing drift rate is described in detail below.

[0320] Optionally, the first timing drift rate is determined based on the first parameter. Further, when the fourth compensation value remains unchanged or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device remains unchanged, the first timing drift rate is determined based on the first parameter.

[0321] Exemplarily, the first timing drift rate may include the following two possible implementations:

[0322] In a possible implementation, the first parameter includes a change rate of the first common TA; in this case, the first timing drift rate is determined according to the change rate of the first common TA.

[0323] As an example, the change rate of the first public TA is the change rate of the public TA corresponding to the first communication link.

[0324] Optionally, the first timing drift rate may be half of the change rate of the first common TA; or, the first timing drift rate may be the quotient of half of the change rate of the first common TA and the sampling point interval.

[0325] Exemplarily, the first timing drift rate and the change rate of the first common TA may satisfy the following relationship (10):

[0326] Among them, T DR1 represents the first timing drift rate, common TA drift rate#1 represents the change rate of the first common TA, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0327] The above relationship (10) is implemented by taking the example of a terminal device directly determining the first timing drift rate based on the rate of change of the first common TA. In practice, the terminal device can also indirectly determine the first timing drift rate based on the rate of change of the first common TA. For example, the terminal device can determine the second motion speed based on the rate of change of the first common TA, and further determine the first timing drift rate based on the second motion speed. In other words, the second motion speed is determined based on the rate of change of the first common TA. The second motion speed is the relative motion speed between the network device and the relay device.

[0328] Optionally, the second movement speed may be half the product of the rate of change of the first common TA and the speed of light. Exemplarily, the rate of change of the second movement speed and the first common TA may satisfy the following relationship (11):

[0329] Among them, V e represents the second motion speed, common TA drift rate represents the rate of change of the first common TA, and c represents the speed of light.

[0330] As another example, the first common TA change rate is half of the change rate of the common TA corresponding to the first communication link. That is, the first common TA change rate indicated by the first indication information is the value obtained by dividing the change rate of the common TA corresponding to the first communication link by 2.

[0331] Optionally, the first timing drift rate may be a change rate of the first common TA; or, the first timing drift rate may be a quotient of a change rate of the first common TA and a sampling point interval.

[0332] Exemplarily, the first timing drift rate and the change rate of the first common TA may satisfy the following relationship (12):

[0333] Among them, T DR1 represents the first timing drift rate, common TA drift rate#1 represents the change rate of the first common TA, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0334] The above relationship (12) is implemented using the example of a terminal device directly determining the first timing drift rate based on the rate of change of the first common TA. In practice, the terminal device can also indirectly determine the first timing drift rate based on the rate of change of the first common TA. For example, the terminal device can determine the second motion speed based on the rate of change of the first common TA, and further determine the first timing drift rate based on the second motion speed. In other words, the second motion speed is determined based on the rate of change of the first common TA. The second motion speed is the relative motion speed between the network device and the relay device.

[0335] Optionally, the second motion speed may be the product of the rate of change of the first common TA and the speed of light. Exemplarily, the rate of change of the second motion speed and the first common TA may satisfy the following relationship (13): V e =common TA drift rate#1*c relationship (13)

[0336] Among them, V e represents the second motion speed, common TA drift rate#1 represents the change rate of the first common TA, and c represents the speed of light.

[0337] Optionally, in combination with the above relationship (10) and relationship (11), or in combination with the above relationship (12) and relationship (13), it can be seen that the first timing drift rate can be the quotient of the second motion speed and the speed of light; or, the first timing drift rate can be the quotient of the second motion speed, the speed of light, and the sampling point interval.

[0338] For example, the first timing drift rate, the second motion speed, and the speed of light may satisfy the following relationship (14), that is, the above relationship (10) or relationship (12) may be transformed into relationship (14):

[0339] Among them, V e represents the second motion speed, c represents the speed of light, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0340] In another possible implementation, the first parameter further includes a first change rate, that is, the first parameter includes a change rate of the first common TA and a first change rate. In this case, the first timing drift rate is determined based on the change rate of the first common TA and the first change rate. The first change rate is the rate of change of the change rate of the first common TA.

[0341] Optionally, the first timing drift rate may be half of a TA change rate obtained by integrating a change rate of the first common TA and the first change rate; or, the first timing drift rate may be half of a quotient of the integrated TA change rate and a sampling point interval.

[0342] The TA change rate obtained by integrating the change rate of the first common TA and the first change rate is the sum of the change rate of the first common TA and the change rate of the first change rate in the first time period, and the first time period is the period from the reference moment to the current moment.

[0343] Optionally, the reference time may be pre-agreed between the network device and the terminal device (for example, the reference time may be pre-defined by a protocol), or may be indicated by the network device to the terminal device. For example, the network device may send indication information to the terminal device, where the indication information indicates the reference time.

[0344] Exemplarily, the indication information indicating the reference time may be any one of the first indication information, the third indication information, and the fourth indication information mentioned above, or may be other indication information in addition to the indication information described in the above embodiment, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0345] For example, the change rate of the first common TA, the TA change rate integrated with the first change rate, the change rate of the first common TA, and the first change rate may satisfy the following relationship (15): rate#1=common TA drift rate#1+common TA drift rate variation#1*(t-t0) Relationship (15)

[0346] Among them, rate#1 represents the TA change rate obtained by integrating the change rate of the first common TA and the first change rate, common TA drift rate#1 represents the change rate of the first common TA, common TA drift rate variation#1 represents the first change rate, t represents the current time, and t0 is the reference time.

[0347] Optionally, in this possible implementation, the first timing drift rate may be half of the TA change rate obtained by integrating the change rate of the first common TA and the first change rate; or, the first timing drift rate may be half of the quotient of the TA change rate obtained by integrating the change rate of the first common TA and the first change rate and the sampling point interval.

[0348] For example, the first timing drift rate, the change rate of the first common TA, and the TA change rate integrated with the first change rate may satisfy the following relationship (16):

[0349] Among them, T DR1 represents the first timing drift rate, rate#1 represents the TA change rate of the first common TA integrated with the first change rate, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0350] For example, in combination with the above relationship (15), the above relationship (16) can be transformed into the following relationship (17), that is, the first timing drift rate, the change rate of the first common TA, and the first change rate can satisfy the following relationship (17):

[0351] Among them, T DR1 represents the first timing drift rate, common TA drift rate#1 represents the change rate of the first common TA, common TA drift rate variation#1 represents the first change rate, t represents the current time, t0 is the reference time, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0352] The above relationship (17) is based on an example where the terminal device directly determines the first timing drift rate based on the change rate of the first common TA and the first change rate. In practice, the terminal device can also indirectly determine the first timing drift rate based on the change rate of the first common TA and the first change rate. For example, the terminal device can determine the second movement speed based on the change rate of the first common TA and the first change rate, and further determine the first timing drift rate based on the second movement speed. In other words, the second movement speed is determined based on the change rate of the first common TA and the first change rate.

[0353] Optionally, the second movement speed may be the product of the TA change rate obtained by integrating the change rate of the first common TA and the first change rate and the speed of light.

[0354] For example, the second motion speed, the change rate of the first common TA and the TA change rate integrated with the first change rate may satisfy the following relationship (18-1): V e =rate#1*c / 2 Relationship (18-1)

[0355] Among them, V e represents the second motion speed, rate#1 represents the TA change rate obtained by integrating the change rate of the first common TA and the first change rate, and c represents the speed of light.

[0356] Alternatively, in combination with the above relationship (15), the above relationship (18-1) can be transformed into the following relationship (18-2), that is, the second motion speed, the change rate of the first common TA, and the first change rate can satisfy the following relationship (18-2): V e =[common TA drift rate#1+common TA drift rate variation#1*(t-t0)]*c / 2 relationship (18-2)

[0357] Among them, V e represents the second motion speed, common TA drift rate#1 represents the change rate of the first common TA, common TA drift rate variation#1 represents the first change rate, t represents the current time, and t0 is the reference time.

[0358] Optionally, in combination with the above relationship (17) and relationship (18) (i.e., relationship (18-1) or relationship (18-2)), it can be seen that the first timing drift rate can be the quotient of the second motion speed and the speed of light; or, the first timing drift rate can be the quotient of the second motion speed and the speed of light, and the quotient of the sampling point interval.

[0359] Exemplarily, the first timing drift rate, the second motion speed, and the speed of light may satisfy the above relationship (14), that is, the above relationship (16) and relationship (17) may be transformed into the above relationship (14).

[0360] For example, any one of the above relations (10), (12), (14), (16), and (17) represents T DR1 (i.e., the first timing drift rate), can replace T in relation (1) DR1, the specific implementation can refer to the following relationship (20), relationship (23), relationship (26), relationship (32), relationship (33) (i.e. one or more of the relationships (33-1)-relationship (33-6)), which will not be repeated here.

[0361] The second timing drift rate is described in detail below.

[0362] Optionally, the second timing drift rate may be determined based on the first motion speed.

[0363] Optionally, the second timing drift rate may be the quotient of the first motion speed and the speed of light; or, the second timing drift rate may be the quotient of the first motion speed, the speed of light, and the sampling point interval.

[0364] For example, the second timing drift rate and the first movement speed may satisfy the following relationship (19):

[0365] Among them, V s represents the first motion speed, c represents the speed of light, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0366] For example, the above relationship (19) represents T DR2 (i.e., the second timing drift rate) can replace T in relation (1) DR2 In addition, any one of the relations (10), (12), (14), (16), and (17) represents T DR1 (i.e., the first timing drift rate), can replace T in relation (1) DR1 . T in relation (14) DR1 (i.e. the first timing drift rate) replaces T in relation (1) DR1 For example, relation (1) can be transformed into the following relation (20):

[0367] Among them, T DR Indicates the timing drift rate, V e represents the second motion speed, c represents the speed of light, T s Indicates the sampling point interval, V s Indicates the first movement speed.

[0368] For example, any one of the relations (10), (12), (16), and (17) represents T DR1 (i.e., the first timing drift rate), can replace T in relation (1) DR1 In the case of , the realization of the timing drift rate is similar to the realization of the above relationship (20), which will not be repeated here.

[0369] Exemplarily, the first movement speed may include the following two implementations:

[0370] In a possible implementation, when the relay device is deployed on a satellite, the first movement speed is determined based on the location information of the terminal device and the ephemeris information of the satellite.

[0371] Exemplarily, the terminal device may obtain information such as the movement direction, movement speed, and position of the relay device based on the ephemeris information of the satellite, and further determine the first movement speed in combination with the position information of the terminal device.

[0372] Optionally, the relay device can also be deployed on a flight platform. In this case, the satellite's ephemeris information can be replaced by the flight path or trajectory of the flight platform for understanding, that is, the first motion speed is determined by the terminal device based on the flight path or trajectory of the flight platform and the location information of the terminal device.

[0373] Exemplarily, the flight route or trajectory of the flight platform may be preset, or may be notified to the terminal device by the network device, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0374] In another possible implementation, the first movement speed may be determined by the terminal device according to the change rate of the second public TA.

[0375] Optionally, when the fourth compensation value remains unchanged or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device remains unchanged, the first movement speed is determined based on the rate of change of the second common TA. It can also be considered that when the fourth compensation value remains unchanged or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device remains unchanged, the second timing drift rate is determined based on the rate of change of the second common TA.

[0376] Exemplarily, the change rate of the second common TA may be indicated by the network to the terminal device. For example, the indication information used to indicate the change rate of the second common TA may be any one of the first indication information, the third indication information, and the fourth indication information described above, or may be other indication information other than the indication information described in the above embodiment, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0377] Exemplarily, in a case where the indication information indicating the change rate of the second common TA is the first indication information, it may also be considered that the first parameter also includes the change rate of the second common TA.

[0378] As an example, the change rate of the second common TA is the change rate of the common TA of the second communication link.

[0379] In a possible implementation, among the parameters for determining the first motion speed, the parameters related to TA include a change rate of the second common TA.

[0380] Optionally, the first movement speed may be half the product of the rate of change of the second common TA and the speed of light. Exemplarily, the first movement speed and the rate of change of the second common TA may satisfy the following relationship (21):

[0381] Among them, V s represents the first motion speed, common TA drift rate#2 represents the change rate of the second common TA, and c represents the speed of light.

[0382] Optionally, in combination with the above relationship (19) and relationship (21), it can be seen that the second timing drift rate can be half of the change rate of the second common TA; or, the second timing drift rate can be half of the quotient of the change rate of the second common TA and the sampling point interval.

[0383] Exemplarily, the second timing drift rate and the change rate of the second common TA may satisfy the following relationship (22), that is, the above relationship (19) may be transformed into relationship (22):

[0384] Among them, T DR2 represents the second timing drift rate, common TA drift rate#2 represents the change rate of the second common TA, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0385] For example, the above relationship (22) represents T DR2 (i.e., the second timing drift rate) can replace T in relation (1) DR2 In addition, any one of the relations (10), (12), (14), (16), and (17) represents T DR1 (i.e., the first timing drift rate), can replace T in relation (1) DR1 . T in the relation (10) DR1 (i.e. the first timing drift rate) replaces T in relation (1) DR1 For example, relation (1) can be transformed into the following relation (23):

[0386] Among them, T DR Indicates the timing drift rate, common TA drift rate#1 indicates the change rate of the first common TA, common TA drift rate#2 indicates the change rate of the second common TA, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0387] For example, any one of relations (12), (14), (16), and (17) represents T DR1 (i.e., the first timing drift rate), can replace T in relation (1) DR1 In this case, the implementation of the timing drift rate is similar to the implementation of the above relationship (23), and will not be repeated here. In another implementation, among the parameters for determining the first movement speed, the parameters related to TA include the change rate of the second common TA and the second change rate. The second change rate is the rate of change of the change rate of the second common TA. In this case, it can also be considered that the first movement speed is determined by the terminal device based on the change rate of the second common TA and the second change rate.

[0388] Optionally, in this implementation, the first movement speed is determined according to the change rate of the second common TA, including: the first movement speed is determined according to the change rate of the second common TA and the second change rate.

[0389] Optionally, in this implementation, the indication information indicating the change rate of the second common TA may also indicate the second change rate. Exemplarily, when the indication information indicating the change rate of the second common TA is the first indication information, it may also be considered that the first parameter also includes the change rate of the second common TA and the second change rate.

[0390] Optionally, the first movement speed may be half the product of the TA change rate obtained by integrating the change rate of the second common TA and the second change rate and the speed of light. Exemplarily, the first movement speed, the TA change rate obtained by integrating the change rate of the second common TA and the second change rate may satisfy the following relationship (24): V s =rate#2*c / 2 relation (24)

[0391] Among them, V s represents the first movement speed, rate#2 represents the TA change rate obtained by integrating the change rate of the second common TA and the second change rate, and c represents the speed of light.

[0392] Optionally, in combination with the above relationship (24) and relationship (19), it can be seen that the second timing drift rate can be half of the TA change rate obtained by integrating the change rate of the second common TA and the second change rate; or, the second timing drift rate can be half of the quotient of the TA change rate obtained by integrating the change rate of the second common TA and the second change rate and the sampling point interval.

[0393] For example, the second timing drift rate, the change rate of the second common TA, and the TA change rate integrated by the second change rate may satisfy the following relationship (25), or in other words, the above relationship (19) may be transformed into relationship (25):

[0394] Among them, TDR2 represents the second timing drift rate, rate#2 represents the TA change rate of the second common TA integrated with the second change rate, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0395] For example, the above relationship (25) represents T DR2 (i.e., the second timing drift rate) can replace T in relation (1) DR2 In addition, any one of the relations (10), (12), (14), (16), and (17) represents T DR1 (i.e., the first timing drift rate), can replace T in relation (1) DR1 . T in relation (16) DR1 (i.e. the first timing drift rate) replaces T in relation (1) DR1 For example, relation (1) can be transformed into the following relation (26):

[0396] For example, any one of the relations (10), (12), (14), and (17) represents T DR1 (i.e., the first timing drift rate), can replace T in relation (1) DR1 In the case of , the realization of the timing drift rate is similar to the realization of the above relationship (23), which will not be repeated here.

[0397] Optionally, the TA change rate obtained by integrating the change rate of the second common TA and the second change rate is the sum of the change rate of the second common TA and the change rate of the second change rate within a first time period, where the first time period is a period from a reference moment to a current moment.

[0398] For example, the TA change rate integrated with the second change rate, the TA change rate of the second common TA, and the second change rate may satisfy the following relationship (27): rate#2=common TA drift rate#2+common TA drift rate variation#2*(t-t0) Relationship (27)

[0399] Among them, rate#2 represents the TA change rate obtained by integrating the change rate of the second common TA and the second change rate, common TA drift rate#2 represents the change rate of the second common TA, common TA drift rate variation#2 represents the second change rate, t represents the current time, and t0 is the reference time.

[0400] For example, the implementation of the reference time can also refer to the relevant description of the above relationship (14), which will not be repeated here.

[0401] Combining the above relationship (24) and relationship (27), the second motion speed, the change rate of the first common TA, and the first change rate can satisfy the following relationship (28), that is, the above relationship (24) can be transformed into relationship (28): V s =[common TA drift rate#2+common TA drift rate variation#2*(t-t0)]*c / 2 relationship (28)

[0402] Among them, V s represents the first motion speed, common TA drift rate#2 represents the change rate of the second common TA, common TA drift rate variation#2 represents the second change rate, t represents the current time, and t0 is the reference time.

[0403] Exemplarily, in combination with the above relationship (28) and relationship (19), the second timing drift rate, the change rate of the second common TA, and the second change rate can satisfy the following relationship (29). That is, the above relationship (19) can be replaced by relationship (29):

[0404] Among them, T DR2 represents the second timing drift rate, common TA drift rate#2 represents the change rate of the second common TA, common TA drift rate variation#2 represents the second change rate, t represents the current time, t0 is the reference time, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0405] For example, the above relationship (29) represents T DR2 (i.e., the second timing drift rate) can replace T in relation (1) DR2 In addition, any one of the relations (10), (12), (14), (16), and (17) represents T DR1 (i.e., the first timing drift rate), can replace T in relation (1) DR1 At this time, the realization of the timing drift rate can refer to the relevant description of the above relationship (26), which will not be repeated here.

[0406] As another example, the change rate of the second common TA is half the change rate of the common TA of the second communication link. In other words, the second common TA change rate indicated by the indication information (i.e., the indication information for indicating the change rate of the second common TA) is the value obtained by dividing the change rate of the common TA corresponding to the second communication link by 2.

[0407] Optionally, the first movement speed may be the product of the rate of change of the second common TA and the speed of light. Exemplarily, the rate of change of the first movement speed and the second common TA may satisfy the following relationship (30): V s =common TA drift rate#2*c relationship (30)

[0408] Among them, V s represents the first motion speed, common TA drift rate#2 represents the change rate of the second common TA, and c represents the speed of light.

[0409] Optionally, in combination with the above relationship (19) and relationship (30), it can be seen that the second timing drift rate can be the change rate of the second common TA; or, the second timing drift rate can be the quotient of the change rate of the second common TA and the sampling point interval.

[0410] Exemplarily, the second timing drift rate and the change rate of the second common TA may satisfy the following relationship (31), that is, the above relationship (19) may be transformed into relationship (31):

[0411] Among them, T DR2 represents the second timing drift rate, common TA drift rate#2 represents the change rate of the second common TA, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0412] For example, the above relationship (31) represents T DR2 (i.e., the second timing drift rate) can replace T in relation (1) DR2 In addition, any one of the relations (10), (12), (14), (16), and (17) represents T DR1 (i.e., the first timing drift rate), can replace T in relation (1) DR1 . T in relation (12) DR1 (i.e. the first timing drift rate) replaces T in relation (1) DR1 For example, relation (1) can be transformed into the following relation (32):

[0413] Among them, T DR Indicates the timing drift rate, common TA drift rate#1 indicates the change rate of the first common TA, common TA drift rate#2 indicates the change rate of the second common TA, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0414] For example, any one of the relations (10), (14), (16), and (17) represents T DR1 (i.e., the first timing drift rate), can replace T in relation (1) DR1 In the case of , the implementation of the timing drift rate is similar to the implementation of the above relationship (26), and will not be repeated here. For example, based on any one of the above relationships (20), (23), (26), and (32), when the parameter for determining the timing drift rate includes the sampling point interval, the timing drift rate represents the number of sampling points with timing drift per unit time; when the parameter for determining the timing drift rate does not include the sampling point interval, the timing drift rate represents the duration of the sampling point timing drift per unit time.

[0415] Optionally, in case 2, when the relay device and the network device are moving away from each other, the rate of change of the first common TA may be positive; in this case, the first timing drift rate is also positive. When the relay device and the network device are moving toward each other, the rate of change of the first common TA may be negative; in this case, the first timing drift rate is also negative.

[0416] Exemplarily, when the first parameter is a positive number, it indicates that the TA on the first communication link is getting larger; when the first parameter is a negative number, it indicates that the TA on the first communication link is getting smaller.

[0417] Similarly, when the relay device and the terminal device are moving away from each other, the rate of change of the second common TA can be positive; in this case, the second timing drift rate is also positive. When the relay device and the terminal device are moving toward each other, the rate of change of the second common TA can be negative; in this case, the first timing drift rate is also negative.

[0418] Exemplarily, when the second parameter is a positive number, it indicates that the TA on the second communication link is getting larger; when the second parameter is a negative number, it indicates that the TA on the second communication link is getting smaller.

[0419] Optionally, considering the positive or negative relationship between the change rate of the first common TA and the first timing drift rate, and / or the positive or negative relationship between the change rate of the first common TA and the second timing drift rate, any of the above relationships (20), (23), (26), and (32) may be deformed; for example, taking relationship (20) as an example, relationship (20) may be deformed into any of the following relationships (33-1), (33-2), and (33-3):

[0420] Among them, T DR Indicates the timing drift rate, V e Indicates the second motion speed, V s Indicates the first movement speed, Ts Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0421] Alternatively, taking relation (32) as an example, relation (32) can be transformed into any of the following relations (33-4), (33-5), and (33-6):

[0422] Among them, T DR Indicates the timing drift rate, common TA drift rate#1 indicates the change rate of the first common TA, common TA drift rate#2 indicates the change rate of the second common TA, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0423] Exemplarily, considering the positive and negative relationship between the change rate of the first common TA and the first timing drift rate, and / or the positive and negative relationship between the change rate of the first common TA and the second timing drift rate, the implementation of the variation of relationship (23) or relationship (26) can refer to the relevant description of any one of the above relationships (33-1) to (33-6), which will not be repeated here.

[0424] Based on case two, the terminal device can determine the timing drift rate based on existing parameters (such as the change rate of the first public TA); specifically, since the change rate of the first public TA is a parameter in the existing protocol, the network device can indicate the change rate of the first public TA to the terminal device without using additional resources, thereby reducing signaling overhead.

[0425] For example, the above two cases exemplify the schemes shown in partial combination forms of the first timing drift rate and the second timing drift rate (such as any one of relationship (20), relationship (23), relationship (26), relationship (32), and relationship (33)); the first timing drift rate and the second timing drift rate also have other combination forms besides the above combination forms, for example, the first timing drift rate is determined according to the downlink Doppler offset value, and the second drift rate is determined according to the change rate of the first motion speed or the second common TA; if the first timing drift rate can include the scheme shown in relationship (2), the second timing drift rate can be the scheme shown in any one of relationship (19), relationship (22), relationship (25), relationship (29), and relationship (31). Alternatively, the first timing drift rate is determined based on the second motion speed or the rate of change of the first common TA, and the second timing drift rate is determined based on the downlink Doppler offset value. For example, the first timing drift rate may include the scheme shown in any one of relations (10), (12), (14), (16), and (17), and the second timing drift rate may include the scheme shown in relation (5); the embodiments of the present application are not limited. The embodiments described in the above two cases take the first indication information indicating the first parameter or the carrier frequency information of the first communication link as an example to introduce the process of determining the timing drift rate. In fact, the timing drift rate can also be determined based on the second parameter, wherein the second parameter includes the transmission angle of the first communication link.

[0426] For example, the transmission angle of the first communication link can be understood as the angle between the direction of movement of the relay device and the transmission direction of the downlink signal of the first communication link; or, alternatively, the angle between the direction of movement of the relay device and the first communication link. For example, the transmission angle of the first communication link can be θ as shown in Figure 10.

[0427] Exemplarily, the second parameter may be notified by the network device to the terminal device. For example, the second parameter may be carried in the first indication information, or the second parameter may be carried in other indication information other than the first indication information, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0428] Optionally, the timing drift rate is determined according to the second parameter, including: the first timing drift rate is determined according to the second parameter. Further, the timing drift rate is determined according to the first timing drift rate and the second timing drift rate.

[0429] Illustratively, the implementation of the second timing drift rate and the timing drift rate is the same as the implementation of the second timing drift rate in the above-mentioned case 2. For details, please refer to the relevant description of the above-mentioned second timing drift rate and the timing drift rate, which will not be repeated here.

[0430] Optionally, the terminal device determines the first timing drift rate according to the second parameter, including: the terminal device may determine the second movement speed according to the second parameter, and further determine the first timing drift rate according to the second movement speed.

[0431] Exemplarily, the implementation process of determining the first timing drift rate according to the second motion speed is the same as the implementation process of determining the first timing drift rate according to the second motion speed in the above situation 2. For details, please refer to the relevant description in the above situation 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0432] As an example, the second movement speed may be the product of the cosine value of the transmission angle of the first communication link and the movement speed of the relay device.

[0433] For example, the second movement speed, the transmission angle of the first communication link, and the movement speed of the relay device may satisfy the following relationship (34): V e =cosθ*V Relationship (34)

[0434] Among them, V e represents the second movement speed, θ represents the transmission angle of the first communication link, and V represents the movement speed of the relay device.

[0435] As another example, the second parameter further includes a third change rate, that is, the second parameter includes the transmission angle of the first communication link and the third change rate, wherein the third change rate is the change rate of the transmission angle of the first communication link.

[0436] Optionally, the second movement speed may be the product of the first integration angle and the movement speed of the relay device, wherein the first integration angle is the transmission angle obtained by integrating the transmission angle of the first communication link and the third change rate.

[0437] Optionally, the first integration angle is the sum of the transmission angle of the first communication link and the change rate of the third change rate within a first time period, where the first time period is the time period from the reference moment to the current moment. Exemplarily, the first integration angle, the transmission angle of the first communication link, and the third change rate may satisfy the following relationship (35): θ1 = θ + θ rate#1 *(t-t0) relationship (35)

[0438] Where θ1 represents the first integration angle, θ represents the transmission angle of the first communication link, and θ rate#1 represents the third change rate, t represents the current time, and t0 is the reference time.

[0439] For example, the implementation of the reference time can refer to the relevant description in the above relationship (14), which will not be repeated here.

[0440] Combining the above relationship (35), it can be seen that the above relationship (34) can be transformed into the following relationship (36): V e =cos[θ+θ rate#1 *(t-t0)]*V relationship (36)

[0441] Among them, V e represents the second movement speed, θ1 represents the first integration angle, θ represents the transmission angle of the first communication link, θ rate#1 represents the third rate of change, t represents the current time, t0 is the reference time, and V represents the movement speed of the relay device.

[0442] As another example, the second parameter also includes a third change rate and a fourth change rate; that is, the second parameter includes the transmission angle of the first communication link, the third change rate and the fourth change rate; wherein the fourth change rate is the change rate of the third change rate.

[0443] Optionally, the second movement speed may be the product of the second integration angle and the movement speed of the relay device, wherein the second integration angle is the transmission angle integrated by the transmission angle of the first communication link, the third change rate, and the fourth change rate.

[0444] For example, the second integration angle, the transmission angle of the first communication link, the third change rate, and the fourth change rate may satisfy the following relationship (37): θ2=θ+θ rate#1 *(t-t0)+θ rate#2 *(t-t0) 2 Relationships (37)

[0445] Where θ2 represents the second integration angle, θ represents the transmission angle of the first communication link, and θ rate#1 represents the third rate of change, θ rate#2 represents the fourth change rate, t represents the current time, and t0 is the reference time.

[0446] Combining the above relationship (37), it can be seen that the above relationship (34) can be transformed into the following relationship (38): V e =cos[θ+θ rate#1 *(t-t0)+θ rate#2 *(t-t0) 2 ]*V Relationship (38)

[0447] Among them, V e represents the second movement speed, θ2 represents the second integration angle, θ represents the transmission angle of the first communication link, θ rate#1 represents the third rate of change, θ rate#2 represents the fourth rate of change, t represents the current time, t0 is the reference time, and V represents the movement speed of the relay device.

[0448] In combination with the above three examples, illustratively, θ in any of the above relations (34) to (38) can also be replaced by 90-θ for understanding.

[0449] Optionally, in addition to the above-described manner, the first timing drift rate described in the embodiment of the present application may also include the following three possible implementation manners:

[0450] In one possible implementation, the first timing drift rate may also be determined based on the second movement speed; or, the first timing drift rate may also be determined based on the rate of change of the second movement speed and the second movement speed; or, the first timing drift rate may also be determined based on the rate of change of the second movement speed, the rate of change of the rate of change of the second movement speed, and the second movement speed.

[0451] Exemplarily, the rate of change of the second motion speed, the rate of change of the rate of change of the second motion speed, or one or more of the second motion speeds may be indicated by the network device to the terminal device. For example, the indication information used to indicate the above parameters (i.e., the rate of change of the second motion speed, the rate of change of the rate of change of the second motion speed, or one or more of the second motion speeds) may be the first indication information, or may be other indication information other than the first indication information, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0452] Exemplarily, the implementation of determining the first timing drift rate according to the second motion speed can refer to the relevant description in the above situation 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0453] For example, when the first timing drift rate is determined according to the change rate of the second motion speed and the second motion speed, the change rate of the second motion speed, the second motion speed, and the first timing drift rate may satisfy the following relationship (39):

[0454] Among them, T DR1 Indicates the first timing drift rate, V e Indicates the second motion speed, V rate#1 represents the rate of change of the second motion speed, t represents the current time, t0 is the reference time, c represents the speed of light, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0455] Similarly, the second timing drift rate can also be determined based on the first motion speed; or, the second timing drift rate can also be determined based on the rate of change of the first motion speed and the first motion speed; or, the second timing drift rate can also be determined based on the rate of change of the first motion speed, the rate of change of the rate of change of the first motion speed, and the first motion speed. Alternatively, it can also be indicated by the network device to the terminal device. For example, the indication information used to indicate the above parameters (i.e., the rate of change of the first motion speed, the rate of change of the rate of change of the first motion speed, or one or more of the first motion speed) can be the first indication information, or it can also be other indication information other than the first indication information, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0456] Exemplarily, the rate of change of the first motion speed, the rate of change of the rate of change of the first motion speed, or one or more of the first motion speed can be determined by the terminal device based on its position information and ephemeris information (or the flight path or trajectory of the flight platform).

[0457] Exemplarily, the implementation of determining the second timing drift rate according to the first motion speed can refer to the relevant description in the above situation 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0458] When the second timing drift rate is determined according to the change rate of the second motion speed and the second motion speed, the change rate of the second motion speed, the second motion speed, and the second timing drift rate may satisfy the following relationship (40):

[0459] Among them, T DR2 Represents the second timing drift rate, V s Indicates the first motion speed, V rate#2 represents the rate of change of the first motion speed, t represents the current time, t0 is the reference time, c represents the speed of light, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0460] Combining the above relations (39) and (40), the timing drift rate can be realized based on the following relation (41):

[0461] Among them, T DR Indicates the timing drift rate, T DR1 Indicates the first timing drift rate, V e Indicates the second motion speed, V rate#1 Indicates the rate of change of the second motion speed, T DR2 Represents the second timing drift rate, V s Indicates the first motion speed, V rate#2 represents the rate of change of the first motion speed, t represents the current time, t0 is the reference time, c represents the speed of light, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0462] Exemplarily, when the first timing drift rate is determined based on the rate of change of the second motion speed, the rate of change of the rate of change of the second motion speed, and the second motion speed, the rate of change of the rate of change of the second motion speed, the rate of change of the second motion speed, the second motion speed, and the first timing drift rate may satisfy the following relationship (42):

[0463] Among them, T DR1 Indicates the first timing drift rate, V e Indicates the second motion speed, V rate#1 Indicates the rate of change of the second motion speed, V′ rate#1 represents the rate of change of the second motion speed, t represents the current time, t0 is the reference time, c represents the speed of light, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0464] Exemplarily, when the second timing drift rate is determined based on the rate of change of the rate of change of the first motion speed, the rate of change of the first motion speed, and the first motion speed, the rate of change of the rate of change of the first motion speed, the rate of change of the first motion speed, the first motion speed, and the second timing drift rate may satisfy the following relationship (43):

[0465] Among them, T DR2 Represents the second timing drift rate, V s Indicates the first motion speed, V rate#2 Indicates the rate of change of the first motion velocity, V′ rate#2 The rate of change of the first motion velocity, V′ rate#2 represents the rate of change of the first motion speed, t represents the current time, t0 is the reference time, c represents the speed of light, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0466] Combining the above relations (42) and (43), the timing drift rate can be realized based on the following relation (44):

[0467] Among them, T DR Indicates the timing drift rate, T DR1 Indicates the first timing drift rate, V e Indicates the second motion speed, V rate#1 Indicates the rate of change of the second motion speed, T DR2 Represents the second timing drift rate, V s Indicates the first motion speed, V rate#2 Indicates the rate of change of the first motion velocity, V′ rate#2represents the rate of change of the second motion speed, t represents the current time, t0 is the reference time, c represents the speed of light, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0468] In another possible implementation, the first timing drift rate may also be indicated by the network device to the terminal device. For example, the network device may send fifth indication information to the terminal device, where the fifth indication information indicates the first timing drift rate.

[0469] Exemplarily, the implementation of the fifth indication information is similar to the implementation of the first indication information. For details, please refer to the relevant description of the first indication information, which will not be repeated here.

[0470] As a first example, the timing drift rate is the sum of the first timing drift rate and the second timing drift rate.

[0471] Exemplarily, the second timing drift rate may be determined according to the aforementioned scenario 1 or scenario 2. For example, the terminal device may determine the second timing drift rate based on the first motion speed. Specifically, the implementation of determining the second timing drift rate based on the first motion speed can be found in the description of the aforementioned relationship (19), which is not further elaborated here.

[0472] Exemplarily, when the relay device is deployed on a satellite, the first movement speed is determined by the terminal device based on the satellite's ephemeris information and the terminal device's location information. Exemplarily, the terminal device may obtain information such as the relay device's movement direction, movement speed, and location based on the satellite's ephemeris information, and further determine the first movement speed based on the terminal device's location information.

[0473] Optionally, when the relay device is deployed on a flight platform, the satellite's ephemeris information can be replaced with the flight path or trajectory of the flight platform. That is, the first motion speed is determined by the terminal device based on the flight path or trajectory of the flight platform and the terminal device's location information. For example, the flight path or trajectory of the flight platform can be preset, or can be communicated to the terminal device by a network device, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0474] Exemplarily, the second timing drift rate may also be indicated by the network device to the terminal device. For example, the fifth indication information may indicate the second timing drift rate, or it may be indicated by other indication information other than the fifth indication information. This is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0475] As a second example, the timing drift rate is determined based on a first timing drift rate, a rate of change of the first timing drift rate, a second timing drift rate, and a rate of change of the second timing drift rate.

[0476] Exemplarily, the implementation of the first timing drift rate and the second timing drift rate may refer to the relevant description in the first example above, which will not be repeated here.

[0477] Exemplarily, the rate of change of the first timing drift rate may be indicated by the network device to the terminal device. For example, the fifth indication information may indicate the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, or may be indicated by other indication information other than the fifth indication information, which is not limited in the present embodiment.

[0478] Exemplarily, the rate of change of the second timing drift rate may be determined by the terminal device based on the second timing drift rate, or may be indicated by the network device to the terminal device. For example, the fifth indication information may indicate the rate of change of the second timing drift rate, or may be indicated by other indication information other than the fifth indication information. This is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0479] For example, the timing drift rate, the first timing drift rate, the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, the second timing drift rate, and the rate of change of the second timing drift rate may satisfy the following relationship (45): DR =T DR1 +T′ DR1 *(t-t0)+T DR2 +T′ DR2 *(t-t0) relationship (45)

[0480] Among them, T DR Indicates the timing drift rate, T DR1 represents the first timing drift rate, T′ DR1 represents the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, T DR2 represents the second timing drift rate, T′ DR2 represents the rate of change of the second timing drift rate, t represents the current time, and t0 is the reference time.

[0481] As a third example, the timing drift rate is determined based on the first timing drift rate, the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, and the second timing drift rate.

[0482] Illustratively, the implementation of the first timing drift rate, the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, and the second timing drift rate may refer to the relevant description in the above second example, which will not be repeated here.

[0483] For example, the timing drift rate, the first timing drift rate, the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, and the second timing drift rate may satisfy the following relationship (46): DR =T DR1 +T′ DR1 *(t-t0)+T DR2Relationships (46)

[0484] Among them, T DR Indicates the timing drift rate, T DR1 represents the first timing drift rate, T′dR1 represents the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, T DR2 represents the second timing drift rate, t represents the current time, and t0 is the reference time.

[0485] As a fourth example, the timing drift rate is determined based on the first timing drift rate, the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, the rate of change of the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, the second timing drift rate, the rate of change of the second timing drift rate, and the rate of change of the rate of change of the second timing drift rate.

[0486] For example, the implementation of the first timing drift rate, the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, the second timing drift rate, and the rate of change of the second timing drift rate can refer to the relevant description in the second example above, which will not be repeated here.

[0487] Exemplarily, the rate of change of the first timing drift rate may be indicated by the network device to the terminal device. For example, the fifth indication information may indicate the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, or may be indicated by other indication information other than the fifth indication information, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0488] Exemplarily, the rate of change of the second timing drift rate may be determined by the terminal device based on the rate of change of the second timing drift rate, or may be indicated by the network device to the terminal device. For example, the fifth indication information may indicate the rate of change of the second timing drift rate, or may be indicated by other indication information other than the fifth indication information. This is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0489] Illustratively, the timing drift rate, the first timing drift rate, the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, the rate of change of the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, the second timing drift rate, the rate of change of the second timing drift rate, and the rate of change of the rate of change of the second timing drift rate may satisfy the following relationship (47): DR =T DR1 +T′ DR1 *(t-t0)+T″ DR1 *(t-t0) 2 +T DR2 +T′ DR2 *(t-t0)+T″ DR2 *(t-t0) 2 Relationships (47)

[0490] Among them, T DR Indicates the timing drift rate, TDR1 represents the first timing drift rate, T′ DR1 represents the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, T″ DR1 The rate of change of the first timing drift rate, T DR2 represents the second timing drift rate, T′ DR2 represents the rate of change of the second timing drift rate, T″ DR2 represents the rate of change of the second timing drift rate, t represents the current time, and t0 is the reference time.

[0491] As a fifth example, the timing drift rate is determined based on the first timing drift rate, the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, the rate of change of the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, and the second timing drift rate.

[0492] For example, the implementation of the first timing drift rate, the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, the rate of change of the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, and the second timing drift rate can refer to the relevant description in the fourth example above and will not be repeated here.

[0493] Illustratively, the timing drift rate, the first timing drift rate, the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, the rate of change of the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, and the second timing drift rate may satisfy the following relationship (48): DR =T DR1 +T′ DR1 *(t-t0)+T″ DR1 *(t-t0) 2 +T DR2 Relationships (48)

[0494] Among them, T DR Indicates the timing drift rate, T DR1 represents the first timing drift rate, T′ DR1 represents the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, T″ DR1 The rate of change of the first timing drift rate, T DR2 represents the second timing drift rate, t represents the current time, and t0 is the reference time.

[0495] In combination with the above five examples, the network device can determine the receiving window position of the downlink signal received by the terminal device based on one or more of the first timing drift rate, the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, the rate of change of the rate of change of the first timing drift rate, the second timing drift rate, the rate of change of the second timing drift rate, and the rate of change of the rate of change of the second timing drift rate, and send the position to the terminal device. This enables the terminal device to receive the downlink signal at the position, thereby improving decoding performance.

[0496] Exemplarily, the receiving window position may be represented by one or more of the following: a frame number, a subframe number, a time slot number, a symbol, an index number of a sampling point, etc. to represent the receiving window position.

[0497] In a third possible implementation, the first timing drift rate is determined based on the second movement speed and a transmission angle of the first communication link, and the second timing drift rate is determined based on the first movement speed and a transmission angle of the second communication link.

[0498] For example, the implementation of the transmission angle of the first communication link can refer to the relevant description in the aforementioned embodiment and will not be repeated here; the transmission angle of the second communication link can be understood as: the angle between the movement direction of the terminal device and the downlink signal from the relay device; or, it can also be understood as: the angle between the movement direction of the terminal device and the second communication link.

[0499] Optionally, the second motion speed, the transmission angle of the first communication link, and the first timing drift rate may satisfy the following relationship (49): DR1 =V e *cosθ / (c*T s ) Relationship (49)

[0500] Among them, T DR1 Indicates the first timing drift rate, V e represents the second motion speed, θ represents the transmission angle of the first communication link, c represents the speed of light, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0501] Similarly, the first movement speed, the transmission angle of the second communication link, and the second timing drift rate may satisfy the following relationship (50): DR2 =V s *cosβ / (c*T s ) Relationship (50)

[0502] Among them, T DR2 Represents the second timing drift rate, V s represents the first movement speed, β represents the transmission angle of the second communication link, c represents the speed of light, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0503] For example, by substituting the above relations (49) and (50) into the relation (1), we can obtain the relation (51), that is, the above relation (1) can be transformed into the following relation (51): DR =[V e *cosθ / (c*T s )]+[V s *cosβ / (c*Ts )] Relationship (51)

[0504] Among them, T DR Indicates the timing drift rate, V e represents the second motion speed, θ represents the transmission angle of the first communication link, c represents the speed of light, T s Indicates the sampling point interval, V s represents the first movement speed, and β represents the transmission angle of the second communication link.

[0505] For example, the implementation of relations (49) to (51) can refer to the relevant description of relations (1) to (44) above, which will not be repeated here.

[0506] By way of example, the above embodiment can be used to determine the timing drift rate when a relay device is in transparent transmission mode. Furthermore, this application also provides a communication method that can be used when the relay device is in regeneration mode. The following describes the timing drift determination process in detail, using a satellite as an example.

[0507] For example, in this communication mode, the carrier frequency of the first communication link is not transmitted between the network device and the terminal device by default. Alternatively, the network device may indicate to the terminal device that the carrier frequency of the first communication link is 0. In this case, the terminal device cannot determine the timing drift rate based on the downlink Doppler frequency shift value. Furthermore, the terminal device may determine the timing drift rate based on satellite ephemeris information and the terminal device's location information.

[0508] Exemplarily, in this communication mode, the first parameter is not transmitted between the network device and the terminal device by default. Alternatively, the network device may indicate to the terminal device that the magnitude of the first common TA change rate is 0, which indicates that the terminal device cannot determine the timing drift rate based on the first parameter. Alternatively, the network device may directly indicate to the terminal device that the terminal device cannot determine the timing drift rate based on the first parameter. Furthermore, this may indicate that the terminal device can determine the timing drift rate based on the satellite's ephemeris information and the terminal device's location information.

[0509] It is understandable that in the regeneration mode, the timing offset of the downlink signal received by the terminal device is related to the second communication link. In other words, the timing drift rate of the downlink signal is the second timing drift rate.

[0510] For example, the terminal device may determine the timing drift rate according to the first motion speed. Specifically, the first motion speed and the timing drift rate may satisfy the following relationship (52): DR =V s *cosβ / (c*T s ) Relationship (52)

[0511] Among them, T DR2 Represents the second timing drift rate, V s represents the first movement speed, β represents the transmission angle of the second communication link, c represents the speed of light, T s Indicates the sampling point interval.

[0512] For example, the implementation of each parameter in the relationship (52) can refer to the relevant description of the above relationship (50), which will not be repeated here.

[0513] Optionally, the first movement speed is determined by the terminal device based on the satellite's ephemeris information and the terminal device's location information. In this case, it can also be considered that the timing drift rate is determined based on the satellite's ephemeris information and the terminal device's location information.

[0514] For example, the terminal device can obtain information such as the movement direction, movement speed, and position of the relay device based on the satellite's ephemeris information. Further, combined with the position information of the terminal device, the first movement speed is determined, and then the timing drift rate is determined.

[0515] The above-described method for the regeneration scenario can also be used for a flight platform. In this case, the satellite's ephemeris information can be replaced with the flight path or trajectory of the flight platform for interpretation. For example, the flight path or trajectory of the flight platform can be pre-set, or it can be communicated to the terminal device by a network device, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0516] Exemplarily, the embodiments shown in Figures 7 to 10 above introduce a method for determining the timing drift rate (i.e., the parameters required for the terminal device to determine the timing drift rate and the relationship between the parameters) using downlink transmission as an example. The method provided in the embodiments of the present application can also determine the timing drift rate based on uplink transmission, that is, the timing drift rate is determined by the network device. Specifically, the method for the network device to determine the timing drift rate is similar to the method for the terminal device to determine the timing drift rate in the above embodiments. Specifically, you can refer to the relevant description of the above-mentioned terminal device determining the timing drift rate, which will not be repeated here.

[0517] It is understood that in each of the above embodiments, the methods and / or steps implemented by the terminal device may also be implemented by components applicable to the terminal device (e.g., processor, chip, chip system, circuit, logic module, or software); the methods and / or steps implemented by the network device may also be implemented by components applicable to the network device (e.g., processor, chip, chip system, circuit, logic module, or software). The chip system may be composed of a chip, or may include a chip and other discrete components.

[0518] It is understandable that, in order to realize the above functions, the communication device includes hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to the execution of each function. It should be easily appreciated by those skilled in the art that, in combination with the units and algorithm steps of each example described in the embodiments disclosed herein, the present application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in the form of hardware or computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0519] The embodiment of the present application can divide the functional modules of the communication device according to the above method embodiment. For example, each functional module can be divided according to each function, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module. The above integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional modules. It should be noted that the division of modules in the embodiment of the present application is schematic and is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.

[0520] 11 shows a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 1100. The communication device 1100 includes a processing module 1101 and a transceiver module 1102. The communication device 1100 can be used to implement the functions of the above-mentioned terminal device or network device.

[0521] In some embodiments, the communication device 1100 may further include a storage module (not shown in FIG. 11 ) for storing program instructions and data.

[0522] In some embodiments, the transceiver module 1102, which may also be referred to as a transceiver unit, is configured to implement a transmitting and / or receiving function. The transceiver module 1102 may be composed of a transceiver circuit, a transceiver, a transceiver, or a communication interface.

[0523] In some embodiments, the transceiver module 1102 may include a receiving module and a sending module, which are respectively used to execute the receiving and sending steps performed by the above-mentioned terminal device or network device in the above-mentioned method embodiment, and / or used to support other processes of the technology described herein; the processing module 1101 may be used to execute the processing steps (such as determination, etc.) performed by the above-mentioned terminal device or network device in the above-mentioned method embodiment, and / or used to support other processes of the technology described herein.

[0524] When the communication device 1100 is used to implement the functions of the above-mentioned terminal device:

[0525] In some embodiments, the transceiver module 1102 is used to receive first indication information, where the first indication information indicates carrier frequency information of the first communication link, or the first indication information indicates a first parameter, wherein the carrier frequency information is used to determine the carrier frequency of the first communication link, and the first parameter includes a change rate of a first common timing advance TA, where the change rate of the first common TA is a change rate of a common TA of the first communication link, and the first communication link is a communication link between a network device serving a terminal device and a relay device, and the relay device is used for communication between the terminal device and the network device; the processing module 1101 is used to determine a timing drift rate according to the first indication information, where the timing drift rate indicates a change rate of a sampling point interval of a time domain signal; the transceiver module 1102 is also used to transmit and receive signals according to the timing drift rate.

[0526] Optionally, the transceiver module 1102 is further used to receive second indication information, where the second indication information indicates a first compensation value and a second compensation value, or the second indication information indicates a third compensation value; wherein the first compensation value is a frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the first communication link; the second compensation value is a frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the second communication link; and the third compensation value is a frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the first communication link and the second communication link.

[0527] Optionally, the transceiver module 1102 is further used to receive third indication information, where the third indication information indicates whether the fourth compensation value changes, or the third indication information indicates whether the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device changes.

[0528] Optionally, the transceiver module 1102 is further configured to receive fourth indication information, where the fourth indication information indicates whether the kmac finger is changed.

[0529] When the communication device 1100 is used to implement the functions of the above-mentioned network device:

[0530] In some embodiments, the processing module 1101 is used to determine first indication information, where the first indication information indicates carrier frequency information of the first communication link, or the first indication information indicates a first parameter, wherein the carrier frequency information is used to determine the carrier frequency of the first communication link, and the first parameter includes a change rate of a first common timing advance TA, and the change rate of the first common TA is a change rate of a common TA of the first communication link. The first communication link is a communication link between a network device serving a terminal device and a relay device, and the relay device is used for communication between the terminal device and the network device; the transceiver module 1102 is used to send the first indication information.

[0531] Optionally, the transceiver module 1102 is also used to send second indication information, where the second indication information indicates the first compensation value and the second compensation value, or the second indication information indicates a third compensation value; wherein the first compensation value is the frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the first communication link; the second compensation value is the frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the second communication link; and the third compensation value is the frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the first communication link and the second communication link.

[0532] Optionally, the transceiver module 1102 is further used to send third indication information, where the third indication information indicates whether the fourth compensation value changes, or the third indication information indicates whether the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device changes.

[0533] Optionally, the transceiver module 1102 is further used to send fourth indication information, where the fourth indication information indicates whether the kmac value has changed.

[0534] Among them, all relevant contents of each step involved in the above method embodiment can be referred to the functional description of the corresponding functional module and will not be repeated here.

[0535] In the present application, the communication device 1100 may be presented in the form of functional modules divided in an integrated manner. The "module" here may refer to a specific application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a circuit, a processor and memory that executes one or more software or firmware programs, an integrated logic circuit, and / or other devices that can provide the above functions.

[0536] In some embodiments, when the communication device 1100 in Figure 11 is a chip or a chip system, the function / implementation process of the transceiver module 1102 can be implemented through the input and output interface (or communication interface) of the chip or chip system, and the function / implementation process of the processing module 1101 can be implemented through the processor (or processing circuit) of the chip or chip system.

[0537] Since the communication device 1100 provided in this embodiment can execute the above method, the technical effects that can be obtained can refer to the above method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0538] As a possible product form, the terminal device or network device described in the embodiments of the present application can also be implemented using the following: one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), controllers, state machines, gate logic, discrete hardware components, any other suitable circuits, or any combination of circuits that can perform the various functions described throughout this application.

[0539] As another possible product form factor, the terminal device or network device described in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented using a general bus architecture. For ease of illustration, see Figure 12, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device 1200 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 1200 includes a processor 1201. The communication device 1200 can be a terminal device or a network device, or a chip or chip system therein. Figure 12 only shows the main components of the communication device 1200.

[0540] It can be understood that the communication device 1200 includes necessary forms of means such as modules, units, elements, circuits, or interfaces, which are appropriately configured together to perform the communication method described in this embodiment. The communication device 1200 can be a network device or terminal device in any of Figures 7 to 10 above, or a component (such as a chip) in these devices, used to implement the communication method described in the above method embodiment. The communication device 1200 includes one or more processors 1201. The processor 1201 can be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor. For example, it can be a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor can be used to process communication protocols and communication data, and the central processing unit can be used to control the communication device (such as a RAN node, terminal, or chip, etc.), execute software programs, and process software program data.

[0541] Optionally, in one possible design, the processor 1201 may include a program 1203 (sometimes also referred to as code or instructions), and the program 1203 may be run on the processor 1201 so that the communication device 1200 executes the communication method described in the above embodiment.

[0542] In another possible design, the communication device 1200 includes a circuit (not shown in FIG12 ), which is used to implement the functions of the terminal device or network device in the above embodiments.

[0543] Optionally, the communication device 1200 may include one or more memories 1202, on which a program 1204 (sometimes also referred to as code or instructions) is stored. The program 1204 can be run on the memory 1202, so that the communication device 1200 executes the communication method described in the above embodiment.

[0544] Optionally, the processor 1201 and / or the memory 1202 may include an AI module 1207 and / or 1208, which is configured to implement AI-related functions. The AI ​​module may be implemented using software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. For example, the AI ​​module may include a RAN intelligence controller (RIC) module. For example, the AI ​​module may be a near real-time RIC or a non-real-time RIC.

[0545] Optionally, data may be stored in the processor 1201 and / or the memory 1202. The processor and the memory may be provided separately or integrated together.

[0546] Optionally, the communication device 1200 may further include a transceiver 1205 and / or an antenna 1206. The processor 1201 may also be sometimes referred to as a processing unit, and controls the communication device (e.g., a RAN node or terminal). The transceiver 1205 may also be sometimes referred to as a transceiver unit, a transceiver, a transceiver circuit, or a transceiver, and is configured to implement the transceiver functions of the communication device through the antenna 1206.

[0547] In some embodiments, in terms of hardware implementation, those skilled in the art may conceive that the above-mentioned communication device 1100 may take the form of the communication device 1200 shown in FIG. 12 .

[0548] As an example, the functions / implementation process of the processing module 1101 in FIG11 can be implemented by the processor 1201 in the communication device 1200 shown in FIG12 calling the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory 1202. The functions / implementation process of the transceiver module 1102 in FIG11 can be implemented by the transceiver 1205 in the communication device 1200 shown in FIG12.

[0549] As another possible product form, the terminal device or network device in this application may adopt the structure shown in Figure 13, or include the components shown in Figure 13. Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device 1300 provided in this application. The communication device 1300 may be a terminal device or a chip or system-on-chip in a terminal device; or it may be a network device or a module, chip, or system-on-chip in a network device.

[0550] As shown in FIG13 , the communication device 1300 includes at least one processor 1301 and at least one communication interface ( FIG13 is merely an example of one communication interface 1304 and one processor 1301). Optionally, the communication device 1300 may further include a communication bus 1302 and a memory 1303.

[0551] The processor 1301 may be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a general-purpose processor, a network processor (NP), a digital signal processor (DSP), a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device (PLD), or any combination thereof. The processor 1301 may also be other devices with processing functions, such as circuits, devices, or software modules, without limitation.

[0552] Communication bus 1302 is used to connect the various components in communication device 1300, enabling communication between them. Communication bus 1302 may be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, for example. This bus can be categorized as an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and so on. For ease of illustration, FIG13 shows a single bold line, but this does not imply that there is only one bus or type of bus.

[0553] Communication interface 1304 is used to communicate with other devices or communication networks. Exemplarily, communication interface 1304 can be a module, circuit, transceiver, or any other device capable of communication. Optionally, communication interface 1304 can also be an input / output interface within processor 1301, used to implement signal input and output to the processor.

[0554] The memory 1303 may be a device with a storage function, used to store instructions and / or data, wherein the instructions may be computer programs.

[0555] Exemplarily, the memory 1303 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and / or instructions, or a random access memory (RAM) or other types of dynamic storage devices that can store information and / or instructions, or an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, etc., without limitation.

[0556] It should be noted that the memory 1303 can exist independently of the processor 1301 or can be integrated with the processor 1301. The memory 1303 can be located within the communication device 1300 or outside the communication device 1300, without limitation. The processor 1301 can be used to execute instructions stored in the memory 1303 to implement the methods provided in the following embodiments of the present application.

[0557] As an optional implementation, the communication device 1300 may further include an output device 1305 and an input device 1306. The output device 1305 communicates with the processor 1301 and can display information in a variety of ways. For example, the output device 1305 can be a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display device, a cathode ray tube (CRT) display device, or a projector. The input device 1306 communicates with the processor 1301 and can receive user input in a variety of ways. For example, the input device 1306 can be a mouse, a keyboard, a touch screen device, or a sensor device.

[0558] In some embodiments, in terms of hardware implementation, those skilled in the art may conceive that the communication device 1100 shown in FIG. 11 may take the form of the communication device 1300 shown in FIG. 13 .

[0559] As an example, the functions / implementation process of the processing module 1101 in FIG11 can be implemented by the processor 1301 in the communication device 1300 shown in FIG13 calling the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory 1303. The functions / implementation process of the transceiver module 1102 in FIG11 can be implemented by the communication interface 1304 in the communication device 1300 shown in FIG13.

[0560] It should be noted that the structure shown in FIG13 does not constitute a specific limitation on the terminal device or network device. For example, in other embodiments of the present application, the terminal device or network device may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine or split some components, or arrange the components differently. The components shown in the figure may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0561] In some embodiments, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, which includes a processor for implementing the method in any of the above method embodiments.

[0562] As a possible implementation, the communication device further includes a memory. The memory is used to store necessary computer programs and data. The computer program may include instructions, and the processor may invoke the instructions in the computer program stored in the memory to instruct the communication device to execute any of the above-described method embodiments. Of course, the memory may not be located in the communication device.

[0563] As another possible implementation, the communication device also includes an interface circuit, which is a code / data read / write interface circuit, and the interface circuit is used to receive computer execution instructions (computer execution instructions are stored in a memory, may be read directly from the memory, or may pass through other devices) and transmit them to the processor.

[0564] As another possible implementation, the communication device further includes a communication interface, where the communication interface is used to communicate with a module outside the communication device.

[0565] It can be understood that the communication device can be a chip or a chip system. When the communication device is a chip system, it can be composed of chips or include chips and other discrete devices. The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit this.

[0566] The present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program or instruction stored thereon, which implements the functions of any of the above method embodiments when executed by a computer.

[0567] The present application also provides a computer program product, which implements the functions of any of the above method embodiments when executed by a computer.

[0568] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, for the sake of convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, devices, and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0569] It is understood that the systems, devices, and methods described in this application may also be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interface, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0570] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, i.e., they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Components shown as units may or may not be physical units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the objectives of this embodiment as needed.

[0571] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0572] In the above embodiments, all or part of the embodiments may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using a software program, all or part of the embodiments may be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are generated. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via a wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) method. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more media integrated therein. The available medium may be a magnetic medium (eg, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (eg, a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (eg, a solid state drive (SSD)). In the embodiment of the present application, the computer may include the aforementioned device.

[0573] Although the present application is described herein in conjunction with various embodiments, in the process of implementing the claimed application, those skilled in the art can understand and implement other changes to the disclosed embodiments by reviewing the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other components or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude multiple situations. A single processor or other unit can implement several functions listed in the claims. Certain measures are recorded in different dependent claims, but this does not mean that these measures cannot be combined to produce good results.

[0574] Although the present application has been described with reference to specific features and embodiments thereof, it is apparent that various modifications and combinations may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Accordingly, this specification and the drawings are merely illustrative of the present application as defined by the appended claims and are deemed to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations or equivalents within the scope of the present application. Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that: The method comprises: receiving first indication information, where the first indication information indicates carrier frequency information of a first communication link, or the first indication information indicates a first parameter, wherein the carrier frequency information is used to determine the carrier frequency of the first communication link, and the first parameter includes a change rate of a first common timing advance (TA), where the change rate of the first common TA is a change rate of a common TA of the first communication link, where the first communication link is a communication link between a network device serving a terminal device and a relay device, and the relay device is used for communication between the terminal device and the network device; Determine a timing drift rate according to the first indication information, where the timing drift rate indicates a rate of change of a sampling point interval of a time domain signal; Signals are sent and received according to the timing drift rate.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The timing drift rate is the sum of the first timing drift rate and the second timing drift rate; wherein, The first timing drift rate is a timing drift rate of a downlink signal on the first communication link; The second timing drift rate is a timing drift rate of the downlink signal on a second communication link, and the second communication link is a communication link between the terminal device and the relay apparatus.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The first indication information indicates carrier frequency information of the first communication link, and the first timing drift rate is determined according to the carrier frequency information of the first communication link.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The first timing drift rate is a quotient of a first Doppler frequency shift value and a carrier frequency of the first communication link; or The first timing drift rate is a quotient of the first Doppler frequency shift value and a first product, where the first product is a product of a carrier frequency of the first communication link and the sampling point interval; The first Doppler frequency shift value is a Doppler frequency shift value of the first communication link.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The first Doppler frequency shift value is determined according to the third Doppler frequency shift value, the first compensation value, the second Doppler frequency shift value, and the second compensation value; wherein, The second Doppler frequency shift value is a Doppler frequency shift value of the second communication link; The third Doppler frequency shift value is the Doppler frequency shift value of the downlink signal; The first compensation value is a frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the first communication link; The second compensation value is a frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the second communication link.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The first Doppler frequency shift value is the difference between the first difference and the second difference; wherein, The first difference is the difference between the third Doppler frequency shift value and the first compensation value; The second difference is the difference between the second Doppler frequency shift value and the second compensation value.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The first Doppler frequency shift value is determined according to the third Doppler frequency shift value, the second Doppler frequency shift value, and the third compensation value; wherein, The second Doppler frequency shift value is a Doppler frequency shift value of the second communication link; The third Doppler frequency shift value is the Doppler frequency shift value of the downlink signal; The third compensation value is a frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the first communication link and the second communication link.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The first Doppler shift value is a difference among the third Doppler shift value, the second Doppler shift value, and the third compensation value.

9. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that: The method further comprises: receiving second indication information, where the second indication information indicates a first compensation value and a second compensation value, or the second indication information indicates a third compensation value; wherein, The first compensation value is a frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the first communication link; The second compensation value is a frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the second communication link; The third compensation value is a frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the first communication link and the second communication link.

10. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that: The second Doppler frequency shift value is a Doppler frequency shift value of the second communication link; The second timing drift rate is a quotient of the second Doppler frequency shift value and a carrier frequency of the second communication link; or The second timing drift rate is a quotient of the second Doppler frequency shift value and a second product, where the second product is a product of a carrier frequency of the second communication link and the sampling point interval.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that The second Doppler frequency shift value is the product of the first movement speed and the first quotient value, the first quotient value is the quotient of the carrier frequency of the second communication link and the speed of light, and the first movement speed is the relative movement speed between the terminal equipment and the relay device.

12. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The first indication information indicates the first parameter; the first timing drift rate is determined according to the first parameter.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that When the fourth compensation value remains unchanged or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device remains unchanged, the first timing drift rate is determined according to the first parameter; wherein the fourth compensation value is the timing compensation value of the uplink signal.

14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that The first timing drift rate and the change rate of the first common TA satisfy the following relationship: The second movement speed is the relative movement speed between the network device and the relay device, and the second movement speed is determined according to the change rate of the first common TA. The second movement speed and the change rate of the first common TA satisfy the following relationship:

15. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that: The second timing drift rate is determined according to the first movement speed, and the second timing drift rate and the first movement speed satisfy the following relationship: The first movement speed is the relative movement speed between the terminal device and the relay device.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that The first parameter further includes a second common TA change rate, the first movement speed is determined according to the second common TA change rate, and the first movement speed and the change rate of the second common TA satisfy the following relationship: The change rate of the second public TA is the change rate of the public TA of the second communication link.

17. The method according to claim 11 or 15, characterized in that When the relay device is deployed on a satellite, the first movement speed is determined based on the ephemeris information of the satellite and the position information of the terminal device.

18. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Third indication information is received, where the third indication information indicates whether the fourth compensation value changes, or the third indication information indicates whether the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device changes.

19. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that: When the effective timing offset remains unchanged, the fourth compensation value remains unchanged or the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device remains unchanged.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that The method further comprises: Fourth indication information is received, where the fourth indication information indicates whether the effective timing offset is changed.

21. A communication method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Determining first indication information, where the first indication information indicates carrier frequency information of a first communication link, or the first indication information indicates a first parameter, wherein the carrier frequency information is used to determine the carrier frequency of the first communication link, and the first parameter includes a change rate of a first common timing advance (TA), where the change rate of the first common TA is a change rate of a common TA of the first communication link, where the first communication link is a communication link between a network device serving a terminal device and a relay device, and the relay device is used for communication between the terminal device and the network device; Send the first indication information.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that The method further comprises: Sending second indication information, where the second indication information indicates the first compensation value and the second compensation value, or the second indication information indicates the third compensation value; wherein, The first compensation value is a frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the first communication link; The second compensation value is a frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on a second communication link, where the second communication link is a communication link between the terminal device and the relay apparatus; The third compensation value is a frequency offset pre-compensation value of the downlink signal on the first communication link and the second communication link.

23. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that The method further comprises: Send a third indication message, wherein the third indication message indicates whether the fourth compensation value changes, or the third indication message indicates whether the distance between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the network device changes, and the fourth compensation value is a timing compensation value of the uplink signal.

24. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that The method further comprises: Fourth indication information is sent, where the fourth indication information indicates whether the effective timing offset is changed.

25. The method according to any one of claims 21-22, characterized in that The first parameter also includes a second common TA change rate, where the second common TA change rate is a change rate of a common TA of a second communication link, where the second communication link is a communication link between the terminal device and the relay apparatus.

26. A communication device, characterized in that: The communication device includes a transceiver module and a processing module. The transceiver module is used to perform the receiving behavior or the sending behavior in the method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, or to perform the receiving behavior or the sending behavior in the method according to any one of claims 21 to 25; The processing module is used to execute the processing behavior in the method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, or to execute the processing behavior in the method according to any one of claims 21 to 25.

27. A communication device, characterized in that: The communication device includes a processor; the processor and an interface circuit, the interface circuit is used to communicate with a device outside the communication device, and the processor is used to execute instructions stored in a memory; when the instructions are executed by the processor, the communication device executes the method described in any one of claims 1-20, or the communication device executes the method described in any one of claims 21-25.

28. The device according to claim 27, characterized in that The communication device also includes a memory.

29. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions or programs. When the computer instructions or programs are executed on a computer, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 20 is executed, or the method according to any one of claims 21 to 25 is executed.

30. A computer program product, characterized in that The computer program product includes computer instructions; when part or all of the computer instructions are run on a computer, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 20 is executed, or the method according to any one of claims 21 to 25 is executed.

31. A chip, characterized in that: include: a memory for storing computer program instructions; A processor, configured to execute the computer program instructions so that a communication device including the chip performs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, or a communication device including the chip performs the method according to any one of claims 21 to 25.

Images